How Did the World's Poorest Fare in the 1990s?:
August 2000 - Between 1987 and 1998, the incidence of poverty fell in Asia and the Middle East and North Africa, changed little in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, and rose in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Too little economic growth in the poorest countries and persistent inequalities (in in...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, D.C
The World Bank
1999
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | BSB01 EUV01 HTW01 FHI01 IOS01 Volltext |
| Zusammenfassung: | August 2000 - Between 1987 and 1998, the incidence of poverty fell in Asia and the Middle East and North Africa, changed little in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, and rose in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Too little economic growth in the poorest countries and persistent inequalities (in income and other measures) are the main reasons for the disappointing rate of poverty reduction. Drawing on data from 265 national sample surveys spanning 83 countries, Chen and Ravallion find that there was a net decrease in the total incidence of consumption poverty between 1987 and 1998. But it was not enough to reduce the total number of poor people, by various definitions. The incidence of poverty fell in Asia and the Middle East and North Africa, changed little in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, and rose in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The two main proximate causes of the disappointing rate of poverty reduction: too little economic growth in many of the poorest countries, and persistent inequalities (in both income and other essential measures) that kept the poor from participating in the growth that did occur. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to monitor progress against poverty in the developing world. The authors may be contacted at schen@worldbank.org or mravallion@worldbank.org |
| Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource (36 Seiten)) |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nmm a22000001c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV049076184 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 00000000000000.0 | ||
| 007 | cr|uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 230731s1999 xxu|||| o||u| ||||||eng d | ||
| 035 | |a (ZDB-1-WBA)093209940 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1392149421 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)GBVNLM005446090 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 044 | |a xxu |c XD-US | ||
| 049 | |a DE-12 |a DE-521 |a DE-573 |a DE-523 |a DE-Re13 | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Ravallion, Martin |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a How Did the World's Poorest Fare in the 1990s? |c Ravallion, Martin |
| 264 | 1 | |a Washington, D.C |b The World Bank |c 1999 | |
| 300 | |a 1 Online-Ressource (36 Seiten)) | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 520 | 3 | |a August 2000 - Between 1987 and 1998, the incidence of poverty fell in Asia and the Middle East and North Africa, changed little in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, and rose in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Too little economic growth in the poorest countries and persistent inequalities (in income and other measures) are the main reasons for the disappointing rate of poverty reduction. Drawing on data from 265 national sample surveys spanning 83 countries, Chen and Ravallion find that there was a net decrease in the total incidence of consumption poverty between 1987 and 1998. But it was not enough to reduce the total number of poor people, by various definitions. The incidence of poverty fell in Asia and the Middle East and North Africa, changed little in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, and rose in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The two main proximate causes of the disappointing rate of poverty reduction: too little economic growth in many of the poorest countries, and persistent inequalities (in both income and other essential measures) that kept the poor from participating in the growth that did occur. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to monitor progress against poverty in the developing world. The authors may be contacted at schen@worldbank.org or mravallion@worldbank.org | |
| 533 | |a Online-Ausg | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Absolute Poverty | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Aggregate Poverty | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Consumer Price Index | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Consumption | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Consumption Basket | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Consumption Expenditure | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Consumption Expenditures | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Consumption Per Capita | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Consumption Poverty | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Debt Markets | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Finance and Financial Sector Development | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Health Systems Development and Reform | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Health, Nutrition and Population | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Higher Inequality | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Household Living Standards | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Household Size | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Incidence Of Poverty | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Income Distribution | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Inequality | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Poor Countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Population Policies | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Poverty Diagnostics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Poverty Line | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Poverty Lines | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Poverty Measures | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Poverty Monitoring and Analysis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Poverty Rate | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Poverty Reduction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Poverty Reduction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Poverty Reduction Strategies | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pro-Poor Growth | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Rural Development | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Rural Poverty Reduction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Services and Transfers to Poor | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ravallion, Martin |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chen, Shaohua |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Ravallion, Martin |a How Did the World's Poorest Fare in the 1990s? |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2409 |x Verlag |z URL des Erstveröffentlichers |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a ZDB-1-WBA | ||
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034338075 | ||
| 966 | e | |u http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2409 |l BSB01 |p ZDB-1-WBA |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2409 |l EUV01 |p ZDB-1-WBA |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2409 |l HTW01 |p ZDB-1-WBA |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2409 |l FHI01 |p ZDB-1-WBA |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2409 |l IOS01 |p ZDB-1-WBA |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804185396988346368 |
|---|---|
| adam_txt | |
| any_adam_object | |
| any_adam_object_boolean | |
| author | Ravallion, Martin |
| author_facet | Ravallion, Martin |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Ravallion, Martin |
| author_variant | m r mr |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049076184 |
| collection | ZDB-1-WBA |
| ctrlnum | (ZDB-1-WBA)093209940 (OCoLC)1392149421 (DE-599)GBVNLM005446090 |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| discipline_str_mv | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| format | Electronic eBook |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>04468nmm a22008171c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV049076184</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">00000000000000.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr|uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230731s1999 xxu|||| o||u| ||||||eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ZDB-1-WBA)093209940</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1392149421</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)GBVNLM005446090</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xxu</subfield><subfield code="c">XD-US</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-521</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-573</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-523</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Re13</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ravallion, Martin</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">How Did the World's Poorest Fare in the 1990s?</subfield><subfield code="c">Ravallion, Martin</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Washington, D.C</subfield><subfield code="b">The World Bank</subfield><subfield code="c">1999</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 Online-Ressource (36 Seiten))</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">August 2000 - Between 1987 and 1998, the incidence of poverty fell in Asia and the Middle East and North Africa, changed little in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, and rose in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Too little economic growth in the poorest countries and persistent inequalities (in income and other measures) are the main reasons for the disappointing rate of poverty reduction. Drawing on data from 265 national sample surveys spanning 83 countries, Chen and Ravallion find that there was a net decrease in the total incidence of consumption poverty between 1987 and 1998. But it was not enough to reduce the total number of poor people, by various definitions. The incidence of poverty fell in Asia and the Middle East and North Africa, changed little in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, and rose in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The two main proximate causes of the disappointing rate of poverty reduction: too little economic growth in many of the poorest countries, and persistent inequalities (in both income and other essential measures) that kept the poor from participating in the growth that did occur. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to monitor progress against poverty in the developing world. The authors may be contacted at schen@worldbank.org or mravallion@worldbank.org</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="533" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ausg</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Absolute Poverty</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Aggregate Poverty</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Consumer Price Index</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Consumption</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Consumption Basket</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Consumption Expenditure</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Consumption Expenditures</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Consumption Per Capita</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Consumption Poverty</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Debt Markets</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Finance and Financial Sector Development</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Health Systems Development and Reform</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Health, Nutrition and Population</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Higher Inequality</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Household Living Standards</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Household Size</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Incidence Of Poverty</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Income Distribution</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Inequality</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Poor Countries</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Population Policies</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Poverty Diagnostics</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Poverty Line</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Poverty Lines</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Poverty Measures</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Poverty Monitoring and Analysis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Poverty Rate</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Poverty Reduction</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Poverty Reduction</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Poverty Reduction Strategies</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Pro-Poor Growth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Rural Development</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Rural Poverty Reduction</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Services and Transfers to Poor</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ravallion, Martin</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Chen, Shaohua</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Ravallion, Martin</subfield><subfield code="a">How Did the World's Poorest Fare in the 1990s?</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2409</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="z">URL des Erstveröffentlichers</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-1-WBA</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034338075</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2409</subfield><subfield code="l">BSB01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-WBA</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2409</subfield><subfield code="l">EUV01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-WBA</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2409</subfield><subfield code="l">HTW01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-WBA</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2409</subfield><subfield code="l">FHI01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-WBA</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2409</subfield><subfield code="l">IOS01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-WBA</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV049076184 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T22:27:50Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:54:34Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034338075 |
| oclc_num | 1392149421 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-521 DE-573 DE-523 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-521 DE-573 DE-523 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 1 Online-Ressource (36 Seiten)) |
| psigel | ZDB-1-WBA |
| publishDate | 1999 |
| publishDateSearch | 1999 |
| publishDateSort | 1999 |
| publisher | The World Bank |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Ravallion, Martin Verfasser aut How Did the World's Poorest Fare in the 1990s? Ravallion, Martin Washington, D.C The World Bank 1999 1 Online-Ressource (36 Seiten)) txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier August 2000 - Between 1987 and 1998, the incidence of poverty fell in Asia and the Middle East and North Africa, changed little in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, and rose in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Too little economic growth in the poorest countries and persistent inequalities (in income and other measures) are the main reasons for the disappointing rate of poverty reduction. Drawing on data from 265 national sample surveys spanning 83 countries, Chen and Ravallion find that there was a net decrease in the total incidence of consumption poverty between 1987 and 1998. But it was not enough to reduce the total number of poor people, by various definitions. The incidence of poverty fell in Asia and the Middle East and North Africa, changed little in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, and rose in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The two main proximate causes of the disappointing rate of poverty reduction: too little economic growth in many of the poorest countries, and persistent inequalities (in both income and other essential measures) that kept the poor from participating in the growth that did occur. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to monitor progress against poverty in the developing world. The authors may be contacted at schen@worldbank.org or mravallion@worldbank.org Online-Ausg Absolute Poverty Aggregate Poverty Consumer Price Index Consumption Consumption Basket Consumption Expenditure Consumption Expenditures Consumption Per Capita Consumption Poverty Debt Markets Finance and Financial Sector Development Health Systems Development and Reform Health, Nutrition and Population Higher Inequality Household Living Standards Household Size Incidence Of Poverty Income Distribution Inequality Poor Countries Population Policies Poverty Diagnostics Poverty Line Poverty Lines Poverty Measures Poverty Monitoring and Analysis Poverty Rate Poverty Reduction Poverty Reduction Strategies Pro-Poor Growth Rural Development Rural Poverty Reduction Services and Transfers to Poor Ravallion, Martin Sonstige oth Chen, Shaohua Sonstige oth Ravallion, Martin How Did the World's Poorest Fare in the 1990s? http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2409 Verlag URL des Erstveröffentlichers Volltext |
| spellingShingle | Ravallion, Martin How Did the World's Poorest Fare in the 1990s? Absolute Poverty Aggregate Poverty Consumer Price Index Consumption Consumption Basket Consumption Expenditure Consumption Expenditures Consumption Per Capita Consumption Poverty Debt Markets Finance and Financial Sector Development Health Systems Development and Reform Health, Nutrition and Population Higher Inequality Household Living Standards Household Size Incidence Of Poverty Income Distribution Inequality Poor Countries Population Policies Poverty Diagnostics Poverty Line Poverty Lines Poverty Measures Poverty Monitoring and Analysis Poverty Rate Poverty Reduction Poverty Reduction Strategies Pro-Poor Growth Rural Development Rural Poverty Reduction Services and Transfers to Poor |
| title | How Did the World's Poorest Fare in the 1990s? |
| title_auth | How Did the World's Poorest Fare in the 1990s? |
| title_exact_search | How Did the World's Poorest Fare in the 1990s? |
| title_exact_search_txtP | How Did the World's Poorest Fare in the 1990s? |
| title_full | How Did the World's Poorest Fare in the 1990s? Ravallion, Martin |
| title_fullStr | How Did the World's Poorest Fare in the 1990s? Ravallion, Martin |
| title_full_unstemmed | How Did the World's Poorest Fare in the 1990s? Ravallion, Martin |
| title_short | How Did the World's Poorest Fare in the 1990s? |
| title_sort | how did the world s poorest fare in the 1990s |
| topic | Absolute Poverty Aggregate Poverty Consumer Price Index Consumption Consumption Basket Consumption Expenditure Consumption Expenditures Consumption Per Capita Consumption Poverty Debt Markets Finance and Financial Sector Development Health Systems Development and Reform Health, Nutrition and Population Higher Inequality Household Living Standards Household Size Incidence Of Poverty Income Distribution Inequality Poor Countries Population Policies Poverty Diagnostics Poverty Line Poverty Lines Poverty Measures Poverty Monitoring and Analysis Poverty Rate Poverty Reduction Poverty Reduction Strategies Pro-Poor Growth Rural Development Rural Poverty Reduction Services and Transfers to Poor |
| topic_facet | Absolute Poverty Aggregate Poverty Consumer Price Index Consumption Consumption Basket Consumption Expenditure Consumption Expenditures Consumption Per Capita Consumption Poverty Debt Markets Finance and Financial Sector Development Health Systems Development and Reform Health, Nutrition and Population Higher Inequality Household Living Standards Household Size Incidence Of Poverty Income Distribution Inequality Poor Countries Population Policies Poverty Diagnostics Poverty Line Poverty Lines Poverty Measures Poverty Monitoring and Analysis Poverty Rate Poverty Reduction Poverty Reduction Strategies Pro-Poor Growth Rural Development Rural Poverty Reduction Services and Transfers to Poor |
| url | http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2409 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ravallionmartin howdidtheworldspoorestfareinthe1990s AT chenshaohua howdidtheworldspoorestfareinthe1990s |