The freest country in the world: East Germany's final year in culture and memory
Shows that while the GDR is generally seen as - and mostly was - an oppressive and unfree country, from late 1989 until autumn 1990 it was the "freest country in the world": the dictatorship had disappeared while the welfare system remained. Stephen Brockmann's new book explores the y...
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Rochester, New York
Camden House
2023
|
Schriftenreihe: | Studies in German literature, linguistics, and culture
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | EUV01 |
Zusammenfassung: | Shows that while the GDR is generally seen as - and mostly was - an oppressive and unfree country, from late 1989 until autumn 1990 it was the "freest country in the world": the dictatorship had disappeared while the welfare system remained. Stephen Brockmann's new book explores the year 1989/1990 in East Germany, arguing that while the GDR is generally seen as - and was for most of its forty years - an oppressive and unfree country, from autumn 1989 until the autumn of 1990 it was the "freest country in the world," since the dictatorship had disappeared while the welfare system remained. That such freedom existed in the last months of the GDR and was a result of the actions of East Germans themselves has been obscured, Brockman shows, by the now-standard description of the collapse of the GDR and the reunification of Germany as a triumph of Western democracy and capitalism. Brockmann first addresses the culture of 1989/1990 by looking at various media from that final year, particularly film documentaries. He emphasizes punk culture and the growth of neo-Nazism and the Antifa movement - factors often ignored in accounts of the period. He then analyzes three later semiautobiographical novels about the period. He devotes chapters to dramatic films dealing with German reunification made relatively soon after the event and to more recent film and television depictions of the period, respectively. The final chapter looks at monuments and memorials of the 1989/1990 period, and a conclusion considers the implications of the book's findings for the present day |
Beschreibung: | Auf der Ebook Central Frontpage als Band 236 bezeichnet, läuft aber seit 1992 als ungezählte Reihe |
Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 339 Seiten) Illustrationen |
ISBN: | 9781805430377 9781805430384 |
Internformat
MARC
LEADER | 00000nmm a22000001c 4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | BV049072561 | ||
003 | DE-604 | ||
005 | 20231023 | ||
007 | cr|uuu---uuuuu | ||
008 | 230731s2023 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d | ||
020 | |a 9781805430377 |c pdf |9 978-1-80543-037-7 | ||
020 | |a 9781805430384 |c epub |9 978-1-80543-038-4 | ||
035 | |a (OCoLC)1409130645 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)KEP091197325 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
041 | 0 | |a eng | |
049 | |a DE-521 | ||
082 | 0 | |a 830.99431 | |
084 | |a MG 81030 |0 (DE-625)122864:12037 |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a MG 81086 |0 (DE-625)122864:12049 |2 rvk | ||
100 | 1 | |a Brockmann, Stephen |d 1960- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)133651665 |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a The freest country in the world |b East Germany's final year in culture and memory |c Stephen Brockmann |
264 | 1 | |a Rochester, New York |b Camden House |c 2023 | |
300 | |a 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 339 Seiten) |b Illustrationen | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
490 | 0 | |a Studies in German literature, linguistics, and culture | |
500 | |a Auf der Ebook Central Frontpage als Band 236 bezeichnet, läuft aber seit 1992 als ungezählte Reihe | ||
520 | 3 | |a Shows that while the GDR is generally seen as - and mostly was - an oppressive and unfree country, from late 1989 until autumn 1990 it was the "freest country in the world": the dictatorship had disappeared while the welfare system remained. Stephen Brockmann's new book explores the year 1989/1990 in East Germany, arguing that while the GDR is generally seen as - and was for most of its forty years - an oppressive and unfree country, from autumn 1989 until the autumn of 1990 it was the "freest country in the world," since the dictatorship had disappeared while the welfare system remained. That such freedom existed in the last months of the GDR and was a result of the actions of East Germans themselves has been obscured, Brockman shows, by the now-standard description of the collapse of the GDR and the reunification of Germany as a triumph of Western democracy and capitalism. Brockmann first addresses the culture of 1989/1990 by looking at various media from that final year, particularly film documentaries. He emphasizes punk culture and the growth of neo-Nazism and the Antifa movement - factors often ignored in accounts of the period. He then analyzes three later semiautobiographical novels about the period. He devotes chapters to dramatic films dealing with German reunification made relatively soon after the event and to more recent film and television depictions of the period, respectively. The final chapter looks at monuments and memorials of the 1989/1990 period, and a conclusion considers the implications of the book's findings for the present day | |
648 | 7 | |a Geschichte |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1989-1990 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Dokumentarfilm |0 (DE-588)4012653-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Wiedervereinigung |g Deutschland |0 (DE-588)4235034-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Wiedervereinigung |g Deutschland, Motiv |0 (DE-588)4243773-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Literatur |0 (DE-588)4035964-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kollektives Gedächtnis |0 (DE-588)4200793-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Freiheit |g Motiv |0 (DE-588)4125079-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
651 | 7 | |a Deutschland |g DDR |0 (DE-588)4011890-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
653 | 0 | |a Electronic books | |
689 | 0 | 0 | |a Deutschland |g DDR |0 (DE-588)4011890-3 |D g |
689 | 0 | 1 | |a Literatur |0 (DE-588)4035964-5 |D s |
689 | 0 | 2 | |a Dokumentarfilm |0 (DE-588)4012653-5 |D s |
689 | 0 | 3 | |a Freiheit |g Motiv |0 (DE-588)4125079-5 |D s |
689 | 0 | 4 | |a Wiedervereinigung |g Deutschland, Motiv |0 (DE-588)4243773-8 |D s |
689 | 0 | 5 | |a Geschichte |A z |
689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
689 | 1 | 0 | |a Wiedervereinigung |g Deutschland |0 (DE-588)4235034-7 |D s |
689 | 1 | 1 | |a Kollektives Gedächtnis |0 (DE-588)4200793-8 |D s |
689 | 1 | 2 | |a Geschichte 1989-1990 |A z |
689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Druck-Ausgabe, Hardcover |z 978-1-640-14154-4 |
912 | |a ZDB-30-PQE | ||
999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034334481 | ||
966 | e | |u https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/viadrina-ebooks/detail.action?docID=30285052 |l EUV01 |p ZDB-30-PQE |q EUV_EK_EBC |x Aggregator |3 Volltext |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804185388101664768 |
---|---|
adam_txt | |
any_adam_object | |
any_adam_object_boolean | |
author | Brockmann, Stephen 1960- |
author_GND | (DE-588)133651665 |
author_facet | Brockmann, Stephen 1960- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Brockmann, Stephen 1960- |
author_variant | s b sb |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV049072561 |
classification_rvk | MG 81030 MG 81086 |
collection | ZDB-30-PQE |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1409130645 (DE-599)KEP091197325 |
dewey-full | 830.99431 |
dewey-hundreds | 800 - Literature (Belles-lettres) and rhetoric |
dewey-ones | 830 - Literatures of Germanic languages |
dewey-raw | 830.99431 |
dewey-search | 830.99431 |
dewey-sort | 3830.99431 |
dewey-tens | 830 - Literatures of Germanic languages |
discipline | Germanistik / Niederlandistik / Skandinavistik Politologie |
discipline_str_mv | Germanistik / Niederlandistik / Skandinavistik Politologie |
era | Geschichte gnd Geschichte 1989-1990 gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte Geschichte 1989-1990 |
format | Electronic eBook |
fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>04233nmm a22006251c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV049072561</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20231023 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr|uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230731s2023 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781805430377</subfield><subfield code="c">pdf</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-80543-037-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781805430384</subfield><subfield code="c">epub</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-80543-038-4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1409130645</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)KEP091197325</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-521</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">830.99431</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">MG 81030</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)122864:12037</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">MG 81086</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)122864:12049</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Brockmann, Stephen</subfield><subfield code="d">1960-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)133651665</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">The freest country in the world</subfield><subfield code="b">East Germany's final year in culture and memory</subfield><subfield code="c">Stephen Brockmann</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Rochester, New York</subfield><subfield code="b">Camden House</subfield><subfield code="c">2023</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 Online-Ressource (xii, 339 Seiten)</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Studies in German literature, linguistics, and culture</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Auf der Ebook Central Frontpage als Band 236 bezeichnet, läuft aber seit 1992 als ungezählte Reihe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Shows that while the GDR is generally seen as - and mostly was - an oppressive and unfree country, from late 1989 until autumn 1990 it was the "freest country in the world": the dictatorship had disappeared while the welfare system remained. Stephen Brockmann's new book explores the year 1989/1990 in East Germany, arguing that while the GDR is generally seen as - and was for most of its forty years - an oppressive and unfree country, from autumn 1989 until the autumn of 1990 it was the "freest country in the world," since the dictatorship had disappeared while the welfare system remained. That such freedom existed in the last months of the GDR and was a result of the actions of East Germans themselves has been obscured, Brockman shows, by the now-standard description of the collapse of the GDR and the reunification of Germany as a triumph of Western democracy and capitalism. Brockmann first addresses the culture of 1989/1990 by looking at various media from that final year, particularly film documentaries. He emphasizes punk culture and the growth of neo-Nazism and the Antifa movement - factors often ignored in accounts of the period. He then analyzes three later semiautobiographical novels about the period. He devotes chapters to dramatic films dealing with German reunification made relatively soon after the event and to more recent film and television depictions of the period, respectively. The final chapter looks at monuments and memorials of the 1989/1990 period, and a conclusion considers the implications of the book's findings for the present day</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1989-1990</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Dokumentarfilm</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4012653-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Wiedervereinigung</subfield><subfield code="g">Deutschland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4235034-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Wiedervereinigung</subfield><subfield code="g">Deutschland, Motiv</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4243773-8</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Literatur</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4035964-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Kollektives Gedächtnis</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4200793-8</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Freiheit</subfield><subfield code="g">Motiv</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4125079-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Deutschland</subfield><subfield code="g">DDR</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4011890-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Electronic books</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Deutschland</subfield><subfield code="g">DDR</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4011890-3</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Literatur</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4035964-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Dokumentarfilm</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4012653-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Freiheit</subfield><subfield code="g">Motiv</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4125079-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Wiedervereinigung</subfield><subfield code="g">Deutschland, Motiv</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4243773-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="5"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Wiedervereinigung</subfield><subfield code="g">Deutschland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4235034-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Kollektives Gedächtnis</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4200793-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1989-1990</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Druck-Ausgabe, Hardcover</subfield><subfield code="z">978-1-640-14154-4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-30-PQE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034334481</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/viadrina-ebooks/detail.action?docID=30285052</subfield><subfield code="l">EUV01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-30-PQE</subfield><subfield code="q">EUV_EK_EBC</subfield><subfield code="x">Aggregator</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
geographic | Deutschland DDR (DE-588)4011890-3 gnd |
geographic_facet | Deutschland DDR |
id | DE-604.BV049072561 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
index_date | 2024-07-03T22:27:33Z |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:54:26Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9781805430377 9781805430384 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034334481 |
oclc_num | 1409130645 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-521 |
owner_facet | DE-521 |
physical | 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 339 Seiten) Illustrationen |
psigel | ZDB-30-PQE ZDB-30-PQE EUV_EK_EBC |
publishDate | 2023 |
publishDateSearch | 2023 |
publishDateSort | 2023 |
publisher | Camden House |
record_format | marc |
series2 | Studies in German literature, linguistics, and culture |
spelling | Brockmann, Stephen 1960- Verfasser (DE-588)133651665 aut The freest country in the world East Germany's final year in culture and memory Stephen Brockmann Rochester, New York Camden House 2023 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 339 Seiten) Illustrationen txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Studies in German literature, linguistics, and culture Auf der Ebook Central Frontpage als Band 236 bezeichnet, läuft aber seit 1992 als ungezählte Reihe Shows that while the GDR is generally seen as - and mostly was - an oppressive and unfree country, from late 1989 until autumn 1990 it was the "freest country in the world": the dictatorship had disappeared while the welfare system remained. Stephen Brockmann's new book explores the year 1989/1990 in East Germany, arguing that while the GDR is generally seen as - and was for most of its forty years - an oppressive and unfree country, from autumn 1989 until the autumn of 1990 it was the "freest country in the world," since the dictatorship had disappeared while the welfare system remained. That such freedom existed in the last months of the GDR and was a result of the actions of East Germans themselves has been obscured, Brockman shows, by the now-standard description of the collapse of the GDR and the reunification of Germany as a triumph of Western democracy and capitalism. Brockmann first addresses the culture of 1989/1990 by looking at various media from that final year, particularly film documentaries. He emphasizes punk culture and the growth of neo-Nazism and the Antifa movement - factors often ignored in accounts of the period. He then analyzes three later semiautobiographical novels about the period. He devotes chapters to dramatic films dealing with German reunification made relatively soon after the event and to more recent film and television depictions of the period, respectively. The final chapter looks at monuments and memorials of the 1989/1990 period, and a conclusion considers the implications of the book's findings for the present day Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1989-1990 gnd rswk-swf Dokumentarfilm (DE-588)4012653-5 gnd rswk-swf Wiedervereinigung Deutschland (DE-588)4235034-7 gnd rswk-swf Wiedervereinigung Deutschland, Motiv (DE-588)4243773-8 gnd rswk-swf Literatur (DE-588)4035964-5 gnd rswk-swf Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd rswk-swf Freiheit Motiv (DE-588)4125079-5 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland DDR (DE-588)4011890-3 gnd rswk-swf Electronic books Deutschland DDR (DE-588)4011890-3 g Literatur (DE-588)4035964-5 s Dokumentarfilm (DE-588)4012653-5 s Freiheit Motiv (DE-588)4125079-5 s Wiedervereinigung Deutschland, Motiv (DE-588)4243773-8 s Geschichte z DE-604 Wiedervereinigung Deutschland (DE-588)4235034-7 s Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 s Geschichte 1989-1990 z Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe, Hardcover 978-1-640-14154-4 |
spellingShingle | Brockmann, Stephen 1960- The freest country in the world East Germany's final year in culture and memory Dokumentarfilm (DE-588)4012653-5 gnd Wiedervereinigung Deutschland (DE-588)4235034-7 gnd Wiedervereinigung Deutschland, Motiv (DE-588)4243773-8 gnd Literatur (DE-588)4035964-5 gnd Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd Freiheit Motiv (DE-588)4125079-5 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4012653-5 (DE-588)4235034-7 (DE-588)4243773-8 (DE-588)4035964-5 (DE-588)4200793-8 (DE-588)4125079-5 (DE-588)4011890-3 |
title | The freest country in the world East Germany's final year in culture and memory |
title_auth | The freest country in the world East Germany's final year in culture and memory |
title_exact_search | The freest country in the world East Germany's final year in culture and memory |
title_exact_search_txtP | The freest country in the world East Germany's final year in culture and memory |
title_full | The freest country in the world East Germany's final year in culture and memory Stephen Brockmann |
title_fullStr | The freest country in the world East Germany's final year in culture and memory Stephen Brockmann |
title_full_unstemmed | The freest country in the world East Germany's final year in culture and memory Stephen Brockmann |
title_short | The freest country in the world |
title_sort | the freest country in the world east germany s final year in culture and memory |
title_sub | East Germany's final year in culture and memory |
topic | Dokumentarfilm (DE-588)4012653-5 gnd Wiedervereinigung Deutschland (DE-588)4235034-7 gnd Wiedervereinigung Deutschland, Motiv (DE-588)4243773-8 gnd Literatur (DE-588)4035964-5 gnd Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd Freiheit Motiv (DE-588)4125079-5 gnd |
topic_facet | Dokumentarfilm Wiedervereinigung Deutschland Wiedervereinigung Deutschland, Motiv Literatur Kollektives Gedächtnis Freiheit Motiv Deutschland DDR |
work_keys_str_mv | AT brockmannstephen thefreestcountryintheworldeastgermanysfinalyearincultureandmemory |