The sociology of health and illness: critical perspectives
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| Ausgabe: | 11th edition |
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| Beschreibung: | xxxvii, 823 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The sociology of health and illness |b critical perspectives |c editors: Peter Conrad, Valerie Leiter |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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BRIEF CONTENTS xxvii Preface Acknowledgments xxix Introduction χχχί PART I Readingi THE SOCIAL PRODUCTION OF DISEASE AND MEANINGSOFILLNESS 1 Medical Measures and the Decline of Mortality 5 John 8. McKinlay and Sonja Μ. McKinlay Reading 2 Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Health Inequalities: Theory, Evidence, and Practice 23 Jo C. Phelan, Bruce G. Link, and Pensa Tehranifar Reading 3 Social Class, Susceptibility, and Sickness 47 S. Leonard Syme and Lisa F. Berkman Reading 4 Racism and Health: Pathways and Scientific Evidence 57 David R. Williams and Selina Λ Mohammed Readings Sex, Gender, and Vulnerability 77 Rachel C. Snow Readings Health Inequalities in Global Context 95 Jason Beckfield, Sigrun Olafsdottir, and Elyas Bakhtiari Reading 7 A Case for Refocusing Upstream: The Political Economy of Illness 117 John 8. McK/nlay Readings Social Relationships and Health 139 James S. House. Karl R. Landis, and Debra Umberson Reading 9 Dying Alone: The Social Production of Urban Isolation 151 Eric Klinenberg Reading 10 Morality and Health: News Media Constructions of Overweight and Eating Disorders 177 Abigail C. Saguyand Kjersttn Gruys Reading 11 Like a Fish Out of Water: Managing Chronic Pain in the Urban Safety Net 201 Sara Rubin, Nancy Burke, Meredith Van Natta, Irene Yen, and Janet K. Shim V
VÎ The Sociology of Health and Illness Reading 12 Whose Deaths Matter?: Mortality, Advocacy, and Attention to Disease in the Mass Media 221 Elizabeth Μ. Armstrong. Daniel P. Carpenter, and Marie Hojnacki Reading 13 Electronic Support Groups, Patient-Consumers, and Medicalization: The Case of Contested Illness 247 Kristin K. Barker Reading 14 The Meaning of Medications: Another Look at Compliance 271 Peter Conrad PART II THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL CARE 287 Reading 15 Professionalization, Monopoly, and the Structure of Medical Practice 293 Peter Conrad and Joseph W. Schneider Reading 16 Notes on the Decline of Midwives and the Rise of Medical Obstetricians 303 Richard W Wertz and Dorothy C. Wertz 319 Reading 17 The End of the Golden Age of Doctoring John B. McKinlay and Lisa D. Marceau Reading 18 A Caring Dilemma: Womanhood and Nursing in Historical Perspective 359 Susan Reverby Reading 19 SuperNurse? Troubling the Hero Discourse in COVID Times 373 Rochelle Einboden Reading 20 Becoming a Complementary Health Practitioner: The Construction of Alternative Medical Knowledge 379 Maayan Roichman Reading 21 From Lydia Pinkham to Queen Levitra: Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and Médicalisation 401 Peter Conrad and Valerie Leiter Reading 22 Prescriptions and Proscriptions: Moralising Sleep Medicines 417 Jonathan Gabe, Catherine Μ. Coveney, and Simon J. Williams Reading 23 Vaccine Refusal and Pharmaceutical Acquiescence: Parental Control and Ambivalence in Managing Children’s Health 439 Jennifer A. Reich Reading 24 Paying for Health Care Thomas Bodenheimerand Kevin Grumbach
473
Brief Contents Reading 25 The Origins of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act VH 493 Jill Quadagno Reading 26 The Struggle Between the Voice of Medicine and the Voice of the Lifeworld 515 Elliot G. Mishler Reading 27 Cultural Brokerage: Creating Linkages Between Voices of Lifeworld and Medicine in Cross-Cultural Clinical Settings 52? Ming-Cheng Miriam Lo Reading 28 Latina Physicians as "Essential” Workers 549 Glenda Μ. Flores Reading 29 "Like Finding a Unicorn": Healthcare Preferences Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People in the United States 555 Alexander J. Martos, Patrick A. Wilson, Allegra R. Gordon, Marguerita Lightfoot, and Ilan H. Meyer Reading 30 Social Death as Self-Fulfilling Prophecy 575 Stefan Timmermans 597 Reading 31 Technologiesand Health Inequities Stefan Timmermans and Rebecca Kaufman Reading 32 Being-in-Dialysis: The Experience of the Machine-Body for 421 Home Dialysis Users Rhonda Shaw Reading 33 It Just Becomes Much More Complicated: Genetic Counselors’ 637 Views on Genetics and Prenatal Testing Susan Markens PART III CONTEMPORARY CRITICAL DEBATES 655 Reading 34 Risk as Moral Danger: The Social and Political Functions of Risk Discourse in Public Health 659 Deborah Lupton Reading 35 Lay Pharmacovigilance and the Dramatization of Risk: Fluoroquinolone Harm on YouTube 669 Kristin Kay Barker Reading 36 Risk Society Online: Zika Virus, Social Media and Distrust in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 693 Andrea Laurent-Simpson and Celia C. Lo Reading 37 The Shifting Engines of Medicalization Peter Conrad 715
ЧЩ ^№ ^ас\о1ч^ Ql Health аГ1С* Illness Reading 38 The Best Laid Plans?: Women's Choices, Expectations and Experiences in Childbirth Claudia Malacrida and Tiffany Boulton Reading 39 C-Section Epidemic Theresa Morris PART IV EXPANDING HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE Reading 40 fttness and the Internet: From Private to Public Experience 755 759 Peter Conrad, Julia Bandini, and Alexandria Vasquez Readi^ 41 Collective Self-Experimentation in Patient-Led Research: How Online Health Communities Foster Innovation 769 Joanna Kempner and John Bailey Reading 42 "It's Like Having a Physician in Your Pocket!”: A Critical Analysis of Self-Diagnosis Smartphone Apps 787 Deborah Lupton and Annemarie Jutel Reading 43 COVID-19 as Eco-Pandemic Injustice: Opportunities for Collective and Antiracist Approaches to Environmental Health 809 uma Powers, Pht Brmn, Grace Poudrier, Jennifer Liss Ohayon, Alssa Cordner. Cole Alder, and Marina Goreau Atlas Reading 44 Politicizing Health Care John McKnight .
DETAILED CONTENTS xxvii Preface Acknowledgments xxix Introduction xxxi THE SOCIAL PRODUCTION OF DISEASE AND MEANINGS OF ILLNESS PART I The Social Nature of Disease References Reading 1 Medical Measures and the Decline of Mortality 1 3 4 5 John B. McKinlay and Sonja Μ. McKinlay Introducing a Medical Heresy 5 Aims 6 Background to the Issue 7 How Reliable Are Mortality Statistics? 9 The Modern Decline in Mortality 10 The Effect of Medical Measures on Ten Infectious Diseases Which Have Declined 12 Conclusions 13 Notes 18 References 19 Reading 2 Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Health Inequalities: Theory, Evidence, and Practice 23 Jo C. Phelan, Bruce G. Link, and Parisa Tehranifar The Theory The Central Role of Flexible Resources for SES Inequalities in Health Key Empirical Findings Evidence That SES Is Related to Multiple Disease Outcomes Via Multiple Risk Factors 24 24 26 26 Evidence That the Deployment of Resources Plays a Critical Role in the Association Between SES and Health 27 IX
X The Sociology of Health and Illness Evidence That the Association Between SES and Health/Mortality Is Reproduced Over Time Via the Replacement of Intervening Mechanisms 28 Returning to the Theory: Refinements and Limitations Refinements to Fundamental Cause Theory Specifying Conditions That Modify the Impact of New Knowledge on Health Inequalities Mechanism Demise and Death Limits on Fundamental Cause Theory: Countervailing Mechanisms 30 30 31 32 33 Implications for Health Policy Reduce Resource Inequalities Contextualize Risk Factors Prioritize the Development of Interventions That Do Not Entail the Use of Resources or That Minimize the Relevance of Resources 34 35 35 Conclusion 36 Notes 37 35 References 37 41 Who Gets Sick? The Unequal Social Distribution of Disease References Reading 3 44 Social Class, Susceptibility, and Sickness 47 S. Leonard Syme and Lisa F. Berkman Notes Reading 4 52 Racism and Health: Pathways and Scientific Evidence 57 David R. Williams and Selina A. Mohammed Overview of the Nature of Racism and Its Persistence Discrimination Institutional Racism Cultural Racism 57 58 59 60 Mechanisms by Which Racism Can Affect Health and Evidence of Health Effects Institutional Racism and Health Cultural Racism and Health Experiences of Discrimination 61 62 64 66 Conclusion 69 References 70 Reading 5 Sex, Gender, and Vulnerability 77 Rachel C. Snow Introduction 77 definitions 78
Detailed Contents XI Sex Differences in Diseases 78 Attributing Health Outcomes to Sex or Gender 80 Implications for Research and Policy 87 The Mutability of Gender 88 Conclusion 90 Acknowledgments 91 Notes 91 References 91 Reading 6 Health Inequalities in Global Context 95 Jason Beckfield, Sigrun Olafsdottir, and Elyas Bakhtiari Social Inequalities Generate Health Gradients Does Income Inequality Generate Health Inequalities? 97 99 Data and Method Self-Assessed Health Education and Income Estimation of the Health Gradients Income Inequality and Health Inequalities Analysis Plan 100 101 101 102 102 103 Results A Universal Gradient? Income Inequality and the Health Gradient 103 103 105 Discussion 107 Acknowledgments 112 Authors’Note 112 References 112 Reading 7 A Case for Refocusing Upstream: The Political Economy of Illness 117 John B. McKinlay An Unequal Battle 119 The Binding of Atriskness to Culture 120 The Case of Food 121 The Ascription of Responsibility and Moral Entrepreneurship 123 The Notion of a Need Hierarchy 126 How Preventive Is Prevention? 127 Recommended Action 128 Legislative Intervention The Question of Lobbying Public Education Notes 128 129 129 130
XÜ The Sociology of Health and Illness Our Sickening Social and Physical Environments References Readings Social Relationships and Health 135 136 139 James S. House, Karl R. Landis, and Debra Umberson The Emergence of “Social Support" Theory and Research 140 Prospective Mortality Studies of Human Populations 141 Experimentaland Quasiexperimental Research 144 Social Relationships as a Risk Factor for Health: Research and Policy Issues 145 Mechanisms and Processes Linking Social Relationships to Health 146 Determinants of Social Relationships: Scientific and Policy Issues 147 Notes 148 Reading 9 Dying Alone: The Social Production of Urban Isolation 151 Eric Klinenberg Dying Alone 152 “The Closest I've Come to Death” 155 'Til Talk Through the Door" 158 Dead Space 160 ”1 Never Have Enough Time to See Them” 163 The Formula for Disaster 165 Acknowledgments 165 Notes 165 References 167 The Social and Cultural Meanings of Illness References 171 174 Reading 10 Morality and Health: News Media Constructions of Overweight and Eating Disorders 177 Abigail C. Saguyand Kjerstin Gruys Theoretical Perspective 179 Data and Methods 182 Coding Findings 183 185 Anorexia and Bulimia: No-One to Blame 189 Obesity: No-One to Blame But Yourself (and Your Parents) 191
Detailed Contents Binge Eating Disorder: A Need for Self-Control Discussion and Conclusion Xiii 194 195 Notes 196 References 197 Reading 11 Like a Fish Out of Water; Managing Chronic Pain in the Urban Safety Net 201 Sara Rubin, Nancy Burke, Meredith Van Natta, Irene Yen, and Janet K. Shim Background CHC A Social Analysis of Pain Medicine 202 202 204 Data and Methods 204 Results Contextual Attributes of CHC CCM: Structure of Practice Contemporary Pain Medicine 206 206 209 212 Discussion 215 Acknowledgments 216 Funding 216 Notes 216 References 217 Reading 12 Whose Deaths Matter?: Mortality, Advocacy, and Attention to Disease in the Mass Media 221 Elizabeth Μ. Armstrong, Daniel P. Carpenter, and Marie Hojnacki Variation in Media Attention to Disease 222 Disease Burden and Media Attention 225 Organized Advocacy and Media Attention 227 Data Media Attention to Disease 229 229 Disease Burden Communities of Organized Interests Control Variables The Question of Outliers 230 232 233 233 Results 234 Conclusion 237 Notes 238 References 240
XÎV The Sociology of Health and Illness The Experience of Illness 243 References Reading 13 Electronic Support Groups, Patient-Consumers, and Medicalization: The Case of ContestedIllness 244 247 Kristin K. Barker Background and Conceptual Framework Contemporary Medicalization: The Role ofPatient-Consumers 249 249 Contested Illness and Lay Expertise: Specifying the Relationship Between ESGs and Medicalization Data and Methods The Setting 250 251 252 Nonparticipant Observation 252 Data and Coding 254 Participation at Fibre Spot 254 Findings 255 Illness Reification 256 Skeptical Dependency on Medical Expertise 257 Lay/Embodied Versus Professional/Medical Expertise 259 Empowerment Without Power 260 Discussion 261 Conclusion 263 Notes 265 References 266 Reading 14 The Meaning of Medications: Another Look at Compliance 271 Peter Conrad Perspectives on Compliance 271 Method and Sample 274 Epilepsy, Medication and Self-Regulation 274 A Ticket to Normality 276 Taking Medications 277 Self-Regulation: Grounds for Changing Medication Practice 278 Social Meanings of Regulating Medication Practice 279 Testing 279 Controlling Dependence 280 Destigmatization 282 Practical Practice 283 Conclusion: Asserting Control 283 Acknowledgments 284
Detailed Contents XV Notes 284 References 285 PART II THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL CARE The Rise and Fall of the Dominance of Medicine 287 289 291 References Reading 15 Professionalization, Monopoly, and the Structure of Medical Practice 293 Peter Conrad and Joseph W. Schneider Emergence of the Medical Profession: UP to 1850 293 Crusading, Deviance, and Medical Monopoly: The Case of Abortion 295 Growth of Medical Expertise and Professional Dominance 297 Structure of Medical Practice 299 Note 300 References 300 Reading 16 Notes on the Decline of Midwives and the Rise of Medical Obstetricians Richard 303 IV Wertz and Dorothy C. Wertz 317 Notes Reading 17 The End of the Golden Age of Doctoring 319 John B. McKinlay and Lisa D. Marceau Shifting Allegiance of the State 321 Bureaucratization (Corporatization) of Doctoring 327 An Increasingly Crowded Playing Field 329 Globalization and the Information Revolution 333 The Epidemiologic Transition and Changing Concepts of the Body 337 From Relationship to Encounter—the Erosion of Patients' Trust 339 Weakening of Market Position Through Oversupply 341 The Doctors Union— Divide and Conquer 343 Conclusion 345 Acknowledgments 346 Notes Other Providers in and out of Medicine References 347 355 356
XVÎ The Sociology of Health and Illness Reading 18 A Caring Dilemma: Womanhood and Nursing in Historical Perspective 359 Susan Reverby The Meaning of Caring 359 Caring as Duty 360 The Professed Nurse 360 The Hospital Nurse 362 The Influence of Nightingale 362 Service, Not Education 363 Virtue and Autonomy 364 Altruism, Not Independence The Contradictions of Reform 365 365 First Steps Toward Professionalism 365 Undermined by Duty 366 A Different Vision The Persistence of Dilemmas 366 367 Beyond the Obligation to Care 368 Altruism With Autonomy 369 369 Notes Reading 19 SuperNurse? Troubling the Hero Discourse in COVID Times 373 Rochelle Einboden References 376 Reading 20 Becoming a Complementary Health Practitioner: The Construction of Alternative Medical Knowledge 379 Maayan Roichman Introduction 379 Methods 380 The "Turn Away” From Biomedicine 382 Toxins and Detoxification: Making New Sense of Illness in CAM Training 385 The Primacy of Subjective Knowledge in CAM 387 Conclusion 389 Acknowledgments 391 Declaration of Conflicting Interests 391 Funding 391 Notes 391 References 392
Detailed Contents Pharmaceuticalization References XVÜ 397 399 Reading 21 From Lydia Pinkham to Queen Levitra: Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and Médicalisation 401 Peter Conrad and Valerie Leiter Introduction 401 Patent Medicines in the 19th Century 402 Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound 403 Campaigns Against Patent Medicines and DTCA 404 Federal Regulation and Drug Advertising 405 The Emergence of DTCA of Prescription Drugs; 1981-1996 405 DTCA Comes to TV: 1997 Onward 407 DTCA and Erectile Dysfunction 408 From Queen Lydia to Queen Levitra 409 Conclusion 412 Acknowledgments 412 References 413 Reading 22 Prescriptions and Proscriptions: Moralising Sleep Medicines 417 Jonathan Gabe, Catherine Μ. Coveney, and Simon J. Williams Introduction 417 Methods 420 Moral Repertoires: Themes and Tensions 423 The 'Deserving- Patient 423 The Responsible’User 425 The 'Compliant' Patient 426 The 'Addict' 427 The 'Sinful' User 429 The ‘Noble' lor 'Virtuous') Non-User Discussion 431 433 Acknowledgments 435 Notes 435 References 436 Reading 23 Vaccine Refusal and Pharmaceutical Acquiescence: Parental Control and Ambivalence in Managing Children’s Health439 Jennifer A. Reich The New Grammar of Illness and Pharmaceutical Solutions Vaccines, Pharmaceuticalization, and the Management of Children’s Health 440 441
Xviü The Sociology of Health and Illness Pediatrics, Patient Empowerment, and Parental Challenges to Medical Authority 443 Methods 445 Findings 449 Individual Strategies; ADHD Medications 451 Interactional Negotiations: Managing a SeizureDisorder 454 Managing Institutional Insistence: Childhood Cancer 457 Discussion 461 Note 463 References Financing Medical Care 463 467 Note 471 References 471 Reading 24 Paying for Health Care 473 Thomas Bodenheimerand Kevin Grumbach Modes of Paying for Health Care 473 Out-of-Pocket Payments 473 Need Versus Luxury 475 Unpredictability of Need and Cost 475 Patients Need to Rely on Physician Recommendations 475 Individual Private Insurance 476 Employment-Based Private Insurance 478 Government Financing 491 The Burden of Financing Health Care 487 Conclusion 489 References 490 Reading 25 The Origins of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 493 Jilt Quadagno The Origins of the Individual Mandate 494 The Policy Legacy of the Clinton Administration 496 American Health Security Act 496 Heart 497 Insurance Company Regulation 497 Medicaid Expansion 499 The Massachusetts Health Care Plan 500 Healthy Americans Act 500 The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 501 Conclusion 505 References 506
Detailed Contents 511 Medicine in Practice 513 References Reading 2b The Struggle Between the Voice of Medicine and the Voice of the Lifeworld XJX 515 Elliot G. Mishler Introduction 515 Unremarkable Medical Interviews 518 Diagnostic Examination [W:02.014)3 518 The Interruption of Clinical Discourse 523 Symptom and Lifeworld Context; Negotiation of Meaning (W:13.121/01) 524 Notes 527 References 528 Reading 27 Cultural Brokerage: Creating Linkages Between Voices of Lifeworld and Medicine in Cross-Cultural Clinical Settings529 Ming-Cheng Miriam Lo Culturally Competent Healthcare in the United States 529 Patient-Centered Care: Giving Voice to the Lifeworld 530 Data and Method 532 Aspects of Cultural Brokerage 533 Translating Between Health Systems 534 Bridging Divergent Images of Medicine 536 Establishing Long-Term Relationships 537 Working With Patients’ Relational Networks Limitations of Cultural Brokerage 539 541 The Cultural Constraint 541 The Structural Constraint 542 Conclusion 543 Notes 545 References 546 Reading 28 Latina Physicians as "Essential” Workers 549 Glenda Μ. Flores Silent Minority? Latina/o Physicians in California 549 Culturally Competent Care 550 Gender and the Cultural Tax 552
XX The Sociology of Health and Illness Reading 29 "Like Finding a Unicorn" Healthcare Preferences Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People in the United States 555 Alexander J. Martos, Patrick A Wilson, Allegra R. Gordon, Marguerite Lightfoot, and Ilan H. Meyer Methods Overview of Study Participants and Recruitment Interview Protocol Data Analysis 556 556 558 558 559 Results Stigma Interconnection of Expertise, Identity, and Service Type Access 559 565 566 568 Discussion Limitations 569 571 Conclusions 572 References 572 Reading 30 Social Death as Self-Fulfilling Prophecy 575 Stefan Timmermans Methodology 577 Social Viability 577 Legal Protections? 581 Resuscitation Theory 585 Social Rationing and the Medicalization of Sudden Death 588 Acknowledgments 591 Notes 591 References 592 Reading 31 Technologies and Health Inequities 597 Stefan Timmermans and Rebecca Kaufman Introduction 597 Techno-Utopia and Techno-Dystopia 598 Fundamental Causes of Disease 600 Technology Health Effects Model 602 Technological Design 603 Development of Health Technologies 603 Regulation of Health Technologies 603 Institutional Competition 603
Detailed Contents Social Interaction XXi 604 Health Cultures 604 Kidney Dialysis and Transplantation 604 Personalized Medicine 607 Digital Health 610 Conclusion 612 Disclosure Statement 613 Acknowledgments 613 Notes 613 References ' Reading 32 Being-in-Dialysis: The Experience of the Machine-Body for Home Dialysis Users 613 621 Rhonda Shaw Introduction 621 Theoretical Approach 622 Methods 624 Study Data and Discussion: Time, Mobility and Space 625 Corporeality and the Machine-Body 629 Conclusion 632 References 633 Reading 33 Jt Just Becomes Much More Complicated: Genetic Counselors’ Views on Genetics and Prenatal Testing 637 Susan Markens Genetic Medicine, Prenatal Testing, and the Genetic Counseling Profession 638 Data and Methods 641 Findings 642 Views Toward Decoding the Human Genome and the Future of Genetic Medicine: "There Are Benefits and Then There Are Very Scary Points as Well" Perspectives on Prenatal Testing: ‘It’sKind of a Fine Line to Draw" Discussion 642 645 64δ Notes 650 References 650 PART III CONTEMPORARY CRITICAL DEBATES The Relevance of Risk References 655 657 658
XXii The Sociology of Health and illness Reading 34 Risk as Moral Danger: The Social and Political Functions of Risk Discourse in Public Health 659 Deborah Lupton External Risk Rhetoric 661 Health Education and Lifestyle Risk Discourse 662 Defining Risk and Those "at Risk": The Political Function of Risk Discourse 663 Conclusion 665 Notes 666 Reading 35 Lay Pharmacovigilance and the Dramatization of Risk: Fluoroquinolone Harm on YouTube 669 Kristin Kay Barker Background 671 Data and Methods 674 Results 676 Risk Sequestration/The Birth of Public Side Effects Data-Centric Discourse/Performances of Suffering By-the-By Statements/Urgent Public Warning 677 679 6S2 Discussion 685 Acknowledgements 686 Notes 687 References 688 Reading 36 Risk Society Online: Zika Virus, Social Media and Distrust in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 693 Andrea Laurent-Simpson and Celia C. Lo Risk Society, Social Media Representations, and E)Ds 695 Data and Methods 698 Findings 700 Zika as a Legitimate Public Health Crisis 700 Zika, CDC, and Corruption 702 Zika as Platform for Questioning Science 704 Discussion 705 Acknowledgment 709 Notes 709 References 709 Reading 37 The Shifting Engines of Medicalization 715 Peter Conrad Rise of Medicalization 7^5
Detailed Contents XXiii Changes in Medicine 716 Emergent Engines of Medicalization 717 Biotechnology 717 Consumers 721 Managed Care Medicalization in the New Millennium 723 724 Acknowledgments 726 Notes 726 References 727 Reading 38 The Best Laid Plans?: Women’s Choices, Expectations and Experiences inChildbirth 731 Claudia Malacrida and Tiffany Boulton Introduction 731 Medical Perspectives on Birth 732 Alternative or Natural Birth Advocacy Perspectives on Birth 733 Feminist Perspectives on Birth 733 Choice, Risk and Birth 734 Methodology Ethical Considerations Data Collection and Analysis 735 736 736 737 Findings Efforts to Maximize "Natural" Chances 737 "On a Train" Medical Interventions and Choice 740 Questions and Blame,· Reconciling Birth Expectations With Experiences Conclusion References Reading 39 С-Section Epidemic 742 744 746 751 Theresa Morris The Specter of Malpractice Suits 751 (Misleading Organizational Influence 753 Solutions to the С-Section Epidemic 754 PART IV EXPANDING HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE Illness, Medicine, and the Internet References Reading 40 Illness and the Internet: From Private to Public Experience Peter Conrad, Julia Bandini, and Alexandria Vasquez 755 757 758 759
χχίν The Sociology of Health and Illness From Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 760 Web 2.0 and the Proliferation of Public Illness Experiences 761 Social Media and Illness Experience:Celiac Disease 762 Implications and Consequences of Illnessas a Public Experience 764 Concluding Remarks 766 Notes 767 References 767 Reading 41 Collective Self-Experimentation in Patient-Led Research·. How Online Health Communities FosterInnovation 769 Joanna Kempner and John Bailey Introduction 769 Background 770 Self-Experimentation as an Individual and as a CollectivePractice 771 Our Case: The Cluster-Busters 773 Methods 775 Analysis 776 Self-Experimentation 776 Self-Experimentation Goes Public 776 The Role of Community Support in ExperimentalPractices 777 Collective Self-Experimentation as Collaborative andIterative 778 Participation and Leadership in CSE 779 Collective Embodiment and CSE 780 CSE as Flexible and Pragmatic 780 Discussion 782 Conclusion 784 Acknowledgments 734 References 734 Reading 42 "It's Like Having a Physician in Your Pocket!”: A Critical Analysis of Self-Diagnosis Smartphone Apps 787 Deborah Lupton and Annemarie Jutel Introduction Digitised Diagnosis 737 ?gg Methods 79Q Findings 792 Discussion 796 Conclusion 799 References Qnn
Detailed Contents Prevention, Movements, and Social Change XXV 805 807 References Reading 43 COVID-19 as Eco-Pandemic Injustice: Opportunities for Collective and Antiracist Approaches to Environmental Health 809 Martha Powers, Phil Brown, Grace Poudrier, Jennifer Liss Ohayon, Alissa Cordner, Cole Alder, and Marina Goreau Atlas COVID-19 as Eco-pandemic Injustice 810 Exploiting the COVID-19 Crisis 811 Opportunities for Change: Embodied and Antiracist Approaches to Environmental Health 811 Toward Antiracist Collective Embodied Health Movements 812 Deepening Inequality and/or Social Justice Collaborations? 813 Conclusion 814 References 814 819 Reading 44 Politicizing Health Care John McKnight A Strategy for Health 820 Multility Vs, Unitility 822 Conclusions 823
BRIEF CONTENTS xxvii Preface Acknowledgments xxix Introduction χχχί PART I Readingi THE SOCIAL PRODUCTION OF DISEASE AND MEANINGSOFILLNESS 1 Medical Measures and the Decline of Mortality 5 John 8. McKinlay and Sonja Μ. McKinlay Reading 2 Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Health Inequalities: Theory, Evidence, and Practice 23 Jo C. Phelan, Bruce G. Link, and Pensa Tehranifar Reading 3 Social Class, Susceptibility, and Sickness 47 S. Leonard Syme and Lisa F. Berkman Reading 4 Racism and Health: Pathways and Scientific Evidence 57 David R. Williams and Selina Λ Mohammed Readings Sex, Gender, and Vulnerability 77 Rachel C. Snow Readings Health Inequalities in Global Context 95 Jason Beckfield, Sigrun Olafsdottir, and Elyas Bakhtiari Reading 7 A Case for Refocusing Upstream: The Political Economy of Illness 117 John 8. McK/nlay Readings Social Relationships and Health 139 James S. House. Karl R. Landis, and Debra Umberson Reading 9 Dying Alone: The Social Production of Urban Isolation 151 Eric Klinenberg Reading 10 Morality and Health: News Media Constructions of Overweight and Eating Disorders 177 Abigail C. Saguyand Kjersttn Gruys Reading 11 Like a Fish Out of Water: Managing Chronic Pain in the Urban Safety Net 201 Sara Rubin, Nancy Burke, Meredith Van Natta, Irene Yen, and Janet K. Shim V
VÎ The Sociology of Health and Illness Reading 12 Whose Deaths Matter?: Mortality, Advocacy, and Attention to Disease in the Mass Media 221 Elizabeth Μ. Armstrong. Daniel P. Carpenter, and Marie Hojnacki Reading 13 Electronic Support Groups, Patient-Consumers, and Medicalization: The Case of Contested Illness 247 Kristin K. Barker Reading 14 The Meaning of Medications: Another Look at Compliance 271 Peter Conrad PART II THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL CARE 287 Reading 15 Professionalization, Monopoly, and the Structure of Medical Practice 293 Peter Conrad and Joseph W. Schneider Reading 16 Notes on the Decline of Midwives and the Rise of Medical Obstetricians 303 Richard W Wertz and Dorothy C. Wertz 319 Reading 17 The End of the Golden Age of Doctoring John B. McKinlay and Lisa D. Marceau Reading 18 A Caring Dilemma: Womanhood and Nursing in Historical Perspective 359 Susan Reverby Reading 19 SuperNurse? Troubling the Hero Discourse in COVID Times 373 Rochelle Einboden Reading 20 Becoming a Complementary Health Practitioner: The Construction of Alternative Medical Knowledge 379 Maayan Roichman Reading 21 From Lydia Pinkham to Queen Levitra: Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and Médicalisation 401 Peter Conrad and Valerie Leiter Reading 22 Prescriptions and Proscriptions: Moralising Sleep Medicines 417 Jonathan Gabe, Catherine Μ. Coveney, and Simon J. Williams Reading 23 Vaccine Refusal and Pharmaceutical Acquiescence: Parental Control and Ambivalence in Managing Children’s Health 439 Jennifer A. Reich Reading 24 Paying for Health Care Thomas Bodenheimerand Kevin Grumbach
473
Brief Contents Reading 25 The Origins of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act VH 493 Jill Quadagno Reading 26 The Struggle Between the Voice of Medicine and the Voice of the Lifeworld 515 Elliot G. Mishler Reading 27 Cultural Brokerage: Creating Linkages Between Voices of Lifeworld and Medicine in Cross-Cultural Clinical Settings 52? Ming-Cheng Miriam Lo Reading 28 Latina Physicians as "Essential” Workers 549 Glenda Μ. Flores Reading 29 "Like Finding a Unicorn": Healthcare Preferences Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People in the United States 555 Alexander J. Martos, Patrick A. Wilson, Allegra R. Gordon, Marguerita Lightfoot, and Ilan H. Meyer Reading 30 Social Death as Self-Fulfilling Prophecy 575 Stefan Timmermans 597 Reading 31 Technologiesand Health Inequities Stefan Timmermans and Rebecca Kaufman Reading 32 Being-in-Dialysis: The Experience of the Machine-Body for 421 Home Dialysis Users Rhonda Shaw Reading 33 It Just Becomes Much More Complicated: Genetic Counselors’ 637 Views on Genetics and Prenatal Testing Susan Markens PART III CONTEMPORARY CRITICAL DEBATES 655 Reading 34 Risk as Moral Danger: The Social and Political Functions of Risk Discourse in Public Health 659 Deborah Lupton Reading 35 Lay Pharmacovigilance and the Dramatization of Risk: Fluoroquinolone Harm on YouTube 669 Kristin Kay Barker Reading 36 Risk Society Online: Zika Virus, Social Media and Distrust in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 693 Andrea Laurent-Simpson and Celia C. Lo Reading 37 The Shifting Engines of Medicalization Peter Conrad 715
ЧЩ ^№ ^ас\о1ч^ Ql Health аГ1С* Illness Reading 38 The Best Laid Plans?: Women's Choices, Expectations and Experiences in Childbirth Claudia Malacrida and Tiffany Boulton Reading 39 C-Section Epidemic Theresa Morris PART IV EXPANDING HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE Reading 40 fttness and the Internet: From Private to Public Experience 755 759 Peter Conrad, Julia Bandini, and Alexandria Vasquez Readi^ 41 Collective Self-Experimentation in Patient-Led Research: How Online Health Communities Foster Innovation 769 Joanna Kempner and John Bailey Reading 42 "It's Like Having a Physician in Your Pocket!”: A Critical Analysis of Self-Diagnosis Smartphone Apps 787 Deborah Lupton and Annemarie Jutel Reading 43 COVID-19 as Eco-Pandemic Injustice: Opportunities for Collective and Antiracist Approaches to Environmental Health 809 uma Powers, Pht Brmn, Grace Poudrier, Jennifer Liss Ohayon, Alssa Cordner. Cole Alder, and Marina Goreau Atlas Reading 44 Politicizing Health Care John McKnight .
DETAILED CONTENTS xxvii Preface Acknowledgments xxix Introduction xxxi THE SOCIAL PRODUCTION OF DISEASE AND MEANINGS OF ILLNESS PART I The Social Nature of Disease References Reading 1 Medical Measures and the Decline of Mortality 1 3 4 5 John B. McKinlay and Sonja Μ. McKinlay Introducing a Medical Heresy 5 Aims 6 Background to the Issue 7 How Reliable Are Mortality Statistics? 9 The Modern Decline in Mortality 10 The Effect of Medical Measures on Ten Infectious Diseases Which Have Declined 12 Conclusions 13 Notes 18 References 19 Reading 2 Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Health Inequalities: Theory, Evidence, and Practice 23 Jo C. Phelan, Bruce G. Link, and Parisa Tehranifar The Theory The Central Role of Flexible Resources for SES Inequalities in Health Key Empirical Findings Evidence That SES Is Related to Multiple Disease Outcomes Via Multiple Risk Factors 24 24 26 26 Evidence That the Deployment of Resources Plays a Critical Role in the Association Between SES and Health 27 IX
X The Sociology of Health and Illness Evidence That the Association Between SES and Health/Mortality Is Reproduced Over Time Via the Replacement of Intervening Mechanisms 28 Returning to the Theory: Refinements and Limitations Refinements to Fundamental Cause Theory Specifying Conditions That Modify the Impact of New Knowledge on Health Inequalities Mechanism Demise and Death Limits on Fundamental Cause Theory: Countervailing Mechanisms 30 30 31 32 33 Implications for Health Policy Reduce Resource Inequalities Contextualize Risk Factors Prioritize the Development of Interventions That Do Not Entail the Use of Resources or That Minimize the Relevance of Resources 34 35 35 Conclusion 36 Notes 37 35 References 37 41 Who Gets Sick? The Unequal Social Distribution of Disease References Reading 3 44 Social Class, Susceptibility, and Sickness 47 S. Leonard Syme and Lisa F. Berkman Notes Reading 4 52 Racism and Health: Pathways and Scientific Evidence 57 David R. Williams and Selina A. Mohammed Overview of the Nature of Racism and Its Persistence Discrimination Institutional Racism Cultural Racism 57 58 59 60 Mechanisms by Which Racism Can Affect Health and Evidence of Health Effects Institutional Racism and Health Cultural Racism and Health Experiences of Discrimination 61 62 64 66 Conclusion 69 References 70 Reading 5 Sex, Gender, and Vulnerability 77 Rachel C. Snow Introduction 77 definitions 78
Detailed Contents XI Sex Differences in Diseases 78 Attributing Health Outcomes to Sex or Gender 80 Implications for Research and Policy 87 The Mutability of Gender 88 Conclusion 90 Acknowledgments 91 Notes 91 References 91 Reading 6 Health Inequalities in Global Context 95 Jason Beckfield, Sigrun Olafsdottir, and Elyas Bakhtiari Social Inequalities Generate Health Gradients Does Income Inequality Generate Health Inequalities? 97 99 Data and Method Self-Assessed Health Education and Income Estimation of the Health Gradients Income Inequality and Health Inequalities Analysis Plan 100 101 101 102 102 103 Results A Universal Gradient? Income Inequality and the Health Gradient 103 103 105 Discussion 107 Acknowledgments 112 Authors’Note 112 References 112 Reading 7 A Case for Refocusing Upstream: The Political Economy of Illness 117 John B. McKinlay An Unequal Battle 119 The Binding of Atriskness to Culture 120 The Case of Food 121 The Ascription of Responsibility and Moral Entrepreneurship 123 The Notion of a Need Hierarchy 126 How Preventive Is Prevention? 127 Recommended Action 128 Legislative Intervention The Question of Lobbying Public Education Notes 128 129 129 130
XÜ The Sociology of Health and Illness Our Sickening Social and Physical Environments References Readings Social Relationships and Health 135 136 139 James S. House, Karl R. Landis, and Debra Umberson The Emergence of “Social Support" Theory and Research 140 Prospective Mortality Studies of Human Populations 141 Experimentaland Quasiexperimental Research 144 Social Relationships as a Risk Factor for Health: Research and Policy Issues 145 Mechanisms and Processes Linking Social Relationships to Health 146 Determinants of Social Relationships: Scientific and Policy Issues 147 Notes 148 Reading 9 Dying Alone: The Social Production of Urban Isolation 151 Eric Klinenberg Dying Alone 152 “The Closest I've Come to Death” 155 'Til Talk Through the Door" 158 Dead Space 160 ”1 Never Have Enough Time to See Them” 163 The Formula for Disaster 165 Acknowledgments 165 Notes 165 References 167 The Social and Cultural Meanings of Illness References 171 174 Reading 10 Morality and Health: News Media Constructions of Overweight and Eating Disorders 177 Abigail C. Saguyand Kjerstin Gruys Theoretical Perspective 179 Data and Methods 182 Coding Findings 183 185 Anorexia and Bulimia: No-One to Blame 189 Obesity: No-One to Blame But Yourself (and Your Parents) 191
Detailed Contents Binge Eating Disorder: A Need for Self-Control Discussion and Conclusion Xiii 194 195 Notes 196 References 197 Reading 11 Like a Fish Out of Water; Managing Chronic Pain in the Urban Safety Net 201 Sara Rubin, Nancy Burke, Meredith Van Natta, Irene Yen, and Janet K. Shim Background CHC A Social Analysis of Pain Medicine 202 202 204 Data and Methods 204 Results Contextual Attributes of CHC CCM: Structure of Practice Contemporary Pain Medicine 206 206 209 212 Discussion 215 Acknowledgments 216 Funding 216 Notes 216 References 217 Reading 12 Whose Deaths Matter?: Mortality, Advocacy, and Attention to Disease in the Mass Media 221 Elizabeth Μ. Armstrong, Daniel P. Carpenter, and Marie Hojnacki Variation in Media Attention to Disease 222 Disease Burden and Media Attention 225 Organized Advocacy and Media Attention 227 Data Media Attention to Disease 229 229 Disease Burden Communities of Organized Interests Control Variables The Question of Outliers 230 232 233 233 Results 234 Conclusion 237 Notes 238 References 240
XÎV The Sociology of Health and Illness The Experience of Illness 243 References Reading 13 Electronic Support Groups, Patient-Consumers, and Medicalization: The Case of ContestedIllness 244 247 Kristin K. Barker Background and Conceptual Framework Contemporary Medicalization: The Role ofPatient-Consumers 249 249 Contested Illness and Lay Expertise: Specifying the Relationship Between ESGs and Medicalization Data and Methods The Setting 250 251 252 Nonparticipant Observation 252 Data and Coding 254 Participation at Fibre Spot 254 Findings 255 Illness Reification 256 Skeptical Dependency on Medical Expertise 257 Lay/Embodied Versus Professional/Medical Expertise 259 Empowerment Without Power 260 Discussion 261 Conclusion 263 Notes 265 References 266 Reading 14 The Meaning of Medications: Another Look at Compliance 271 Peter Conrad Perspectives on Compliance 271 Method and Sample 274 Epilepsy, Medication and Self-Regulation 274 A Ticket to Normality 276 Taking Medications 277 Self-Regulation: Grounds for Changing Medication Practice 278 Social Meanings of Regulating Medication Practice 279 Testing 279 Controlling Dependence 280 Destigmatization 282 Practical Practice 283 Conclusion: Asserting Control 283 Acknowledgments 284
Detailed Contents XV Notes 284 References 285 PART II THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL CARE The Rise and Fall of the Dominance of Medicine 287 289 291 References Reading 15 Professionalization, Monopoly, and the Structure of Medical Practice 293 Peter Conrad and Joseph W. Schneider Emergence of the Medical Profession: UP to 1850 293 Crusading, Deviance, and Medical Monopoly: The Case of Abortion 295 Growth of Medical Expertise and Professional Dominance 297 Structure of Medical Practice 299 Note 300 References 300 Reading 16 Notes on the Decline of Midwives and the Rise of Medical Obstetricians Richard 303 IV Wertz and Dorothy C. Wertz 317 Notes Reading 17 The End of the Golden Age of Doctoring 319 John B. McKinlay and Lisa D. Marceau Shifting Allegiance of the State 321 Bureaucratization (Corporatization) of Doctoring 327 An Increasingly Crowded Playing Field 329 Globalization and the Information Revolution 333 The Epidemiologic Transition and Changing Concepts of the Body 337 From Relationship to Encounter—the Erosion of Patients' Trust 339 Weakening of Market Position Through Oversupply 341 The Doctors Union— Divide and Conquer 343 Conclusion 345 Acknowledgments 346 Notes Other Providers in and out of Medicine References 347 355 356
XVÎ The Sociology of Health and Illness Reading 18 A Caring Dilemma: Womanhood and Nursing in Historical Perspective 359 Susan Reverby The Meaning of Caring 359 Caring as Duty 360 The Professed Nurse 360 The Hospital Nurse 362 The Influence of Nightingale 362 Service, Not Education 363 Virtue and Autonomy 364 Altruism, Not Independence The Contradictions of Reform 365 365 First Steps Toward Professionalism 365 Undermined by Duty 366 A Different Vision The Persistence of Dilemmas 366 367 Beyond the Obligation to Care 368 Altruism With Autonomy 369 369 Notes Reading 19 SuperNurse? Troubling the Hero Discourse in COVID Times 373 Rochelle Einboden References 376 Reading 20 Becoming a Complementary Health Practitioner: The Construction of Alternative Medical Knowledge 379 Maayan Roichman Introduction 379 Methods 380 The "Turn Away” From Biomedicine 382 Toxins and Detoxification: Making New Sense of Illness in CAM Training 385 The Primacy of Subjective Knowledge in CAM 387 Conclusion 389 Acknowledgments 391 Declaration of Conflicting Interests 391 Funding 391 Notes 391 References 392
Detailed Contents Pharmaceuticalization References XVÜ 397 399 Reading 21 From Lydia Pinkham to Queen Levitra: Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and Médicalisation 401 Peter Conrad and Valerie Leiter Introduction 401 Patent Medicines in the 19th Century 402 Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound 403 Campaigns Against Patent Medicines and DTCA 404 Federal Regulation and Drug Advertising 405 The Emergence of DTCA of Prescription Drugs; 1981-1996 405 DTCA Comes to TV: 1997 Onward 407 DTCA and Erectile Dysfunction 408 From Queen Lydia to Queen Levitra 409 Conclusion 412 Acknowledgments 412 References 413 Reading 22 Prescriptions and Proscriptions: Moralising Sleep Medicines 417 Jonathan Gabe, Catherine Μ. Coveney, and Simon J. Williams Introduction 417 Methods 420 Moral Repertoires: Themes and Tensions 423 The 'Deserving- Patient 423 The Responsible’User 425 The 'Compliant' Patient 426 The 'Addict' 427 The 'Sinful' User 429 The ‘Noble' lor 'Virtuous') Non-User Discussion 431 433 Acknowledgments 435 Notes 435 References 436 Reading 23 Vaccine Refusal and Pharmaceutical Acquiescence: Parental Control and Ambivalence in Managing Children’s Health439 Jennifer A. Reich The New Grammar of Illness and Pharmaceutical Solutions Vaccines, Pharmaceuticalization, and the Management of Children’s Health 440 441
Xviü The Sociology of Health and Illness Pediatrics, Patient Empowerment, and Parental Challenges to Medical Authority 443 Methods 445 Findings 449 Individual Strategies; ADHD Medications 451 Interactional Negotiations: Managing a SeizureDisorder 454 Managing Institutional Insistence: Childhood Cancer 457 Discussion 461 Note 463 References Financing Medical Care 463 467 Note 471 References 471 Reading 24 Paying for Health Care 473 Thomas Bodenheimerand Kevin Grumbach Modes of Paying for Health Care 473 Out-of-Pocket Payments 473 Need Versus Luxury 475 Unpredictability of Need and Cost 475 Patients Need to Rely on Physician Recommendations 475 Individual Private Insurance 476 Employment-Based Private Insurance 478 Government Financing 491 The Burden of Financing Health Care 487 Conclusion 489 References 490 Reading 25 The Origins of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 493 Jilt Quadagno The Origins of the Individual Mandate 494 The Policy Legacy of the Clinton Administration 496 American Health Security Act 496 Heart 497 Insurance Company Regulation 497 Medicaid Expansion 499 The Massachusetts Health Care Plan 500 Healthy Americans Act 500 The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 501 Conclusion 505 References 506
Detailed Contents 511 Medicine in Practice 513 References Reading 2b The Struggle Between the Voice of Medicine and the Voice of the Lifeworld XJX 515 Elliot G. Mishler Introduction 515 Unremarkable Medical Interviews 518 Diagnostic Examination [W:02.014)3 518 The Interruption of Clinical Discourse 523 Symptom and Lifeworld Context; Negotiation of Meaning (W:13.121/01) 524 Notes 527 References 528 Reading 27 Cultural Brokerage: Creating Linkages Between Voices of Lifeworld and Medicine in Cross-Cultural Clinical Settings529 Ming-Cheng Miriam Lo Culturally Competent Healthcare in the United States 529 Patient-Centered Care: Giving Voice to the Lifeworld 530 Data and Method 532 Aspects of Cultural Brokerage 533 Translating Between Health Systems 534 Bridging Divergent Images of Medicine 536 Establishing Long-Term Relationships 537 Working With Patients’ Relational Networks Limitations of Cultural Brokerage 539 541 The Cultural Constraint 541 The Structural Constraint 542 Conclusion 543 Notes 545 References 546 Reading 28 Latina Physicians as "Essential” Workers 549 Glenda Μ. Flores Silent Minority? Latina/o Physicians in California 549 Culturally Competent Care 550 Gender and the Cultural Tax 552
XX The Sociology of Health and Illness Reading 29 "Like Finding a Unicorn" Healthcare Preferences Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People in the United States 555 Alexander J. Martos, Patrick A Wilson, Allegra R. Gordon, Marguerite Lightfoot, and Ilan H. Meyer Methods Overview of Study Participants and Recruitment Interview Protocol Data Analysis 556 556 558 558 559 Results Stigma Interconnection of Expertise, Identity, and Service Type Access 559 565 566 568 Discussion Limitations 569 571 Conclusions 572 References 572 Reading 30 Social Death as Self-Fulfilling Prophecy 575 Stefan Timmermans Methodology 577 Social Viability 577 Legal Protections? 581 Resuscitation Theory 585 Social Rationing and the Medicalization of Sudden Death 588 Acknowledgments 591 Notes 591 References 592 Reading 31 Technologies and Health Inequities 597 Stefan Timmermans and Rebecca Kaufman Introduction 597 Techno-Utopia and Techno-Dystopia 598 Fundamental Causes of Disease 600 Technology Health Effects Model 602 Technological Design 603 Development of Health Technologies 603 Regulation of Health Technologies 603 Institutional Competition 603
Detailed Contents Social Interaction XXi 604 Health Cultures 604 Kidney Dialysis and Transplantation 604 Personalized Medicine 607 Digital Health 610 Conclusion 612 Disclosure Statement 613 Acknowledgments 613 Notes 613 References ' Reading 32 Being-in-Dialysis: The Experience of the Machine-Body for Home Dialysis Users 613 621 Rhonda Shaw Introduction 621 Theoretical Approach 622 Methods 624 Study Data and Discussion: Time, Mobility and Space 625 Corporeality and the Machine-Body 629 Conclusion 632 References 633 Reading 33 Jt Just Becomes Much More Complicated: Genetic Counselors’ Views on Genetics and Prenatal Testing 637 Susan Markens Genetic Medicine, Prenatal Testing, and the Genetic Counseling Profession 638 Data and Methods 641 Findings 642 Views Toward Decoding the Human Genome and the Future of Genetic Medicine: "There Are Benefits and Then There Are Very Scary Points as Well" Perspectives on Prenatal Testing: ‘It’sKind of a Fine Line to Draw" Discussion 642 645 64δ Notes 650 References 650 PART III CONTEMPORARY CRITICAL DEBATES The Relevance of Risk References 655 657 658
XXii The Sociology of Health and illness Reading 34 Risk as Moral Danger: The Social and Political Functions of Risk Discourse in Public Health 659 Deborah Lupton External Risk Rhetoric 661 Health Education and Lifestyle Risk Discourse 662 Defining Risk and Those "at Risk": The Political Function of Risk Discourse 663 Conclusion 665 Notes 666 Reading 35 Lay Pharmacovigilance and the Dramatization of Risk: Fluoroquinolone Harm on YouTube 669 Kristin Kay Barker Background 671 Data and Methods 674 Results 676 Risk Sequestration/The Birth of Public Side Effects Data-Centric Discourse/Performances of Suffering By-the-By Statements/Urgent Public Warning 677 679 6S2 Discussion 685 Acknowledgements 686 Notes 687 References 688 Reading 36 Risk Society Online: Zika Virus, Social Media and Distrust in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 693 Andrea Laurent-Simpson and Celia C. Lo Risk Society, Social Media Representations, and E)Ds 695 Data and Methods 698 Findings 700 Zika as a Legitimate Public Health Crisis 700 Zika, CDC, and Corruption 702 Zika as Platform for Questioning Science 704 Discussion 705 Acknowledgment 709 Notes 709 References 709 Reading 37 The Shifting Engines of Medicalization 715 Peter Conrad Rise of Medicalization 7^5
Detailed Contents XXiii Changes in Medicine 716 Emergent Engines of Medicalization 717 Biotechnology 717 Consumers 721 Managed Care Medicalization in the New Millennium 723 724 Acknowledgments 726 Notes 726 References 727 Reading 38 The Best Laid Plans?: Women’s Choices, Expectations and Experiences inChildbirth 731 Claudia Malacrida and Tiffany Boulton Introduction 731 Medical Perspectives on Birth 732 Alternative or Natural Birth Advocacy Perspectives on Birth 733 Feminist Perspectives on Birth 733 Choice, Risk and Birth 734 Methodology Ethical Considerations Data Collection and Analysis 735 736 736 737 Findings Efforts to Maximize "Natural" Chances 737 "On a Train" Medical Interventions and Choice 740 Questions and Blame,· Reconciling Birth Expectations With Experiences Conclusion References Reading 39 С-Section Epidemic 742 744 746 751 Theresa Morris The Specter of Malpractice Suits 751 (Misleading Organizational Influence 753 Solutions to the С-Section Epidemic 754 PART IV EXPANDING HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE Illness, Medicine, and the Internet References Reading 40 Illness and the Internet: From Private to Public Experience Peter Conrad, Julia Bandini, and Alexandria Vasquez 755 757 758 759
χχίν The Sociology of Health and Illness From Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 760 Web 2.0 and the Proliferation of Public Illness Experiences 761 Social Media and Illness Experience:Celiac Disease 762 Implications and Consequences of Illnessas a Public Experience 764 Concluding Remarks 766 Notes 767 References 767 Reading 41 Collective Self-Experimentation in Patient-Led Research·. How Online Health Communities FosterInnovation 769 Joanna Kempner and John Bailey Introduction 769 Background 770 Self-Experimentation as an Individual and as a CollectivePractice 771 Our Case: The Cluster-Busters 773 Methods 775 Analysis 776 Self-Experimentation 776 Self-Experimentation Goes Public 776 The Role of Community Support in ExperimentalPractices 777 Collective Self-Experimentation as Collaborative andIterative 778 Participation and Leadership in CSE 779 Collective Embodiment and CSE 780 CSE as Flexible and Pragmatic 780 Discussion 782 Conclusion 784 Acknowledgments 734 References 734 Reading 42 "It's Like Having a Physician in Your Pocket!”: A Critical Analysis of Self-Diagnosis Smartphone Apps 787 Deborah Lupton and Annemarie Jutel Introduction Digitised Diagnosis 737 ?gg Methods 79Q Findings 792 Discussion 796 Conclusion 799 References Qnn
Detailed Contents Prevention, Movements, and Social Change XXV 805 807 References Reading 43 COVID-19 as Eco-Pandemic Injustice: Opportunities for Collective and Antiracist Approaches to Environmental Health 809 Martha Powers, Phil Brown, Grace Poudrier, Jennifer Liss Ohayon, Alissa Cordner, Cole Alder, and Marina Goreau Atlas COVID-19 as Eco-pandemic Injustice 810 Exploiting the COVID-19 Crisis 811 Opportunities for Change: Embodied and Antiracist Approaches to Environmental Health 811 Toward Antiracist Collective Embodied Health Movements 812 Deepening Inequality and/or Social Justice Collaborations? 813 Conclusion 814 References 814 819 Reading 44 Politicizing Health Care John McKnight A Strategy for Health 820 Multility Vs, Unitility 822 Conclusions 823 |
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| spelling | The sociology of health and illness critical perspectives editors: Peter Conrad, Valerie Leiter 11th edition Los Angeles ; London ; New Delhi ; Singapore ; Washington DC ; Melbourne SAGE [2024] © 2024 xxxvii, 823 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Krankheit (DE-588)4032844-2 gnd rswk-swf Soziologie (DE-588)4077624-4 gnd rswk-swf Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 gnd rswk-swf Social medicine Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 s Krankheit (DE-588)4032844-2 s Soziologie (DE-588)4077624-4 s DE-604 Conrad, Peter 1945- (DE-588)13812017X edt Leiter, Valerie (DE-588)131052128X edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-0718-5079-4 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034313399&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034313399&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | The sociology of health and illness critical perspectives |
| title_auth | The sociology of health and illness critical perspectives |
| title_exact_search | The sociology of health and illness critical perspectives |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The sociology of health and illness critical perspectives |
| title_full | The sociology of health and illness critical perspectives editors: Peter Conrad, Valerie Leiter |
| title_fullStr | The sociology of health and illness critical perspectives editors: Peter Conrad, Valerie Leiter |
| title_full_unstemmed | The sociology of health and illness critical perspectives editors: Peter Conrad, Valerie Leiter |
| title_short | The sociology of health and illness |
| title_sort | the sociology of health and illness critical perspectives |
| title_sub | critical perspectives |
| topic | Krankheit (DE-588)4032844-2 gnd Soziologie (DE-588)4077624-4 gnd Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Krankheit Soziologie Gesundheit |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034313399&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034313399&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT conradpeter thesociologyofhealthandillnesscriticalperspectives AT leitervalerie thesociologyofhealthandillnesscriticalperspectives |
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