Tri format e mendimit: mitologjia, racionaliteti, religjoni Libri 1 Mitologjia, gnosticizmi, utopizmi
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| adam_text | Tryeza e lëndës xv Parathënie KREUl.HYRJE 1 1.1. Teza dhe Metoda 1.1.1. Teza 1.1.2. Metoda 1.1.3. Qëndrimet anti-epistemikë iracionaliste 1.2. Teori dhe përkufizime 1.2.1. Hyrje: Pse përkufizme e teori? 1.2.2. Përkufizimi i shkencës 1.2.3. Gjendja e studimeve përmitologjinë e religjionin 1.2.4. Klasifikime të teorive të religjionit 1.2.5. Teorite e religj ionit a. Anti-teoria postmoderne; b. “Përkufizimi” operacional; c. Qasja substantive religjioniste; d. Funksionalizmi; e. Funksionalizmi epistemik; f. Esencializmi epistemik; g. Teoria konjitive e religjionit: origjina e religjionit 1.2.6. Përkufizimi i formave të mendimit 1.3. Plani i librit 1 1 З 6 10 10 12 13 15 17 ’ 31 35 KREU 2. FORMAT E MENDIMIT 41 2.1. Format e mendimit dhe evolucioni i mendimit 2.1.1. Tri faza frejzeriane 2.1.2. Periodizimi konjitiv: periudha mitike dhe ajo teorike 2.1.3. Revolucioni konjitiv-epistemik i Epokës aksiale 41 41 44 50 vu
viii 2.1.4. Evolucioni në Strukturen e eksperiencës dhe format e mendimit 2.1.5. Përmbledhje e argumentit 2.1.6. Një strukturē e arsyes 2.2. Format e mendimit: kundërargumenti 2.2.1. Kontinuizëm vs. diskontinuizëm? 2.2.2. Koherentizmi dhe koherenca 2.2.3. Verifikimi, falsifikimi 2.2.4. Racionaliteti dhe koherenca 2.2.5. Komunikimi social i besimeve 2.2.6. Përmbledhje 56 60 63 65 66 68 73 77 79 81 KREU 3. FORMA MITOLOGJIKE DHE AJO RACIONALE E MENDIMIT 3.1. Miti ֊ qasja epistemike vs. qasjes antropologi ike 3.1.1. Pamundësia e antropologi isë 3.1.2. Tentativa epistemologjike 3.2. Qasja epistemike 3.2.1. Excurs-et epistemologjike të antropologiisë 3.2.2. Logjika 3.2.3. Lidhja shkak-pasojë 3.2.4. Raporti objekt-subjekt 3.2.5. Besimi pseudo-empirik 3.2.6. Kuptimi mitologjik 3.2.7. Përmbledhje 3.3. Miti, logos-і dhe kthesa noetike 3.3.1. Shkrimi dhe racionaliteti 3.3.2. Filozofēt e hershëm grekë 3.3.3. Historianët 3.3.4. Platoni, Aristoteli dhe kthesa noetike 3.4. Relativizimi dhe dekonstruktimi i dallimit mes arsyes dhe mitit 83 84 84 88 91 91 93 96 98 102 105 110 112 112 115 121 122 126
їх 3.4.1. Social-konstruktivizmi, qasja emic-e si metodologii e vetrne dhe terminolog) ia 127 3.4.2. Pluralizimi dhe relativizimi i arsyes 3.4.3. Logjika e narracionit apo logjika e mitit? 3.4.4. Dekonstruktimi i kategorive dhe përkufizimeve KREU 4. FORMA RACIONALE DHE AJO RELIGJIOZE E MENDIMIT 130 132 137 139 4.1. Thelbi i religj ionit dhe arsyes 139 4.1.1. Hyrje: esencializmi 139 a. Esencializmi dhe anti-esencializmi; b. Esencializmi në shkencat e natyrës; c. Debatí intra-esencialist: esencializmi metafizik dhe shkencor; d. Esencializmi dhe fenomenet e jetës njerëzore; e. Format e mendimit dhe thelbi i tyre 4.1.2. A ka nj ë thelb religj ioni? 150 4.1.3. Anti-esencializmi i kthesës kulturore 159 a. Anti-esencializmi: social-konstruktivizmi; b. De-esencializimi i arsyes: dekonstruktivizmi; c. De-esencializimi i arsyes: relativizimi 4.2. Jeruzalemi dhe/apo/vs. Athina 167 4.2.1. Hyrje: fondacionalizmi dhe evidencializmi 169 4.2.2. Evidencializmi teist dhe arsyeja 171 a. Evidencializmi teist; b. Roli i arsyes dhe skolasticizmi; c. Roli i arsyes në krishtërimin latin 4.2.3. Fideizmi 184 4.2.4. Deflacionizimi poperian i arsyes 187 a. Falsifikacionizmi; b. Falibilizmi; c. Filozofia, religjioni dhe falibilizëm-falsifikacionizmi 4.2.5. Epistemologjia e reformuar 198 4.2.6. Përmbledhje 203
x KREU 5. NJOHJA DHE KUPTIMI 5.1. Dy Arsyet 5.1.1. Arsyeja dhe racionaliteti 5.1.2. Bikameralizmi 5.2. Kuptimi dhe njohja e botēs 5.2.1. Kuptimi 5.2.2. Kuptimi dhe dija 5.2.3. Modelet shkencorë: kuptimi dhe dija 5.2.4. Kuptimi shkencor i botēs 5.2.5. Botëkuptimet 5.2.6. Modeli mitologjik-religjioz dhe filozofik i botēs 5.2.7. Eksperienca mistike dhe tē kuptuarit 5.3. Pērmbledhje 207 207 207 212 217 218 218 222 224 228 234 236 239 KREU 6. NJOHJA NË EKSPERIENCËN RELIGJIOZE MISTIKE 241 6.1. Eksperienca nē unionin mistik 243 6.1.1. Eksperienca mistike para-moderne 243 a. Mistika patristike si ekzegjezë; b. Pseudo-Dionisi: teologjia mistike dhe eksperienca; c. Ghazali: eksperienca mistike religjioze si eksperiencë intelektuale; d. Kontemplacion dhe meditim nē misticizmin mesjetar, sh. i б-12-të: via positiva; e. Misticizmi i Mesjetës së Voně; f. Anti-eksperiencializmi i Eckhart-it; g. Eksperiencializmi te Gjoni i Kryqit 6.1.2. Misticizmi modern dhe eksperienca 255 6.1.3. Debati aktual mbi eksperiencën mistike 259 a. Esencializmi vs. kontekstualizmit; b. Debati konjitiv; c. Pakapshmëria e eksperiencës mistike dhe e objektit tě saj 6.1.4. Pērmbledhje 267 6.2. Njohja nē unionin mistik 268 6.2.1. Hyrje: kufijtë doktrinorë 268 6.2.2. Teologjia negative (mohuese) dhe unioni mistik 269 a. Pseudo-Dionisi: çthënia dhe zhbërja si doktrine dhe metodologji e unionit mistik; b. Ghazali: çthënia si doktrine; c. Gjoni i Kryqit: zhbërja si metodologji e unionit mistik
Xl 6.2.3. Unioni ontologjik dhe njohja mistike 274 a. Plotini: unioni i padiferencuar me Një-në; b. Pseudo-Dionisi: njohja në unionin ontologjik; c. Ghazali: pamundësia e unionit ontologjik; d. Mjeshtri Eckhart: njohja në identitetin ontologjik; e. Gjoni i Kryqit: njohja nëpërmjet pjesëmarrjes 6.2.4. “Acquaintance” dhe misticizmi/religjioni 283 6.2.5. Përmbledhje 290 KREU 7. FORMA RELIGJIOZE DHE AJO MITOLOGJIKË E MENDIMIT 293 7.1. Nga zotat mitologjikë në zotin e religjionit: evolución apo revolución? 293 7.1.1. Extra-empirik vs. pseudo-empirik 293 7.1.2. Mitet e krijimit 295 7.1.3. Religjioni dhe Epoka aksiale 300 a. Transhendenca; b. Racionaliteti, universalitet!; c. Individi; d. Imagj inata 7.1.4. Zoroastrianizmi dhe shfaqja e pare e besimit extra-empirik 304 7.1.5. Religj ioni dhe Epoka aksiale : E vērtēta 311 a. Zarathustra; b. Moisiu; c. Rigveda X.129 7.1.6. Format e mendimit: e njohur/panjohur/panjohshme dhe e vērtēta 318 7.1.7. Përmbledhje dhe përfundime 321 7.1.8. Përtej konkluzioneve 323 7.2. Kundërargumenti: reduktimi imitit në religjion 326 7.2.1. Besimi apo rituali 327 7.2.2. Intuita kundër besimit 331 7.2.3. Perenializmi sakral 334 7.2.4. Natyra e zotave mitologjikë dhe zotit të religjionit 340 a. Mbinjerëzorë vs. mbinatyror, në botë vs. jashtë saj; b. Të njohshëm vs. i panjohshëm; c. Person vs. jo person
Xli 7.2.5. Mono vs. politeizmi 346 a. Monoteizmi pagan?; b. Nga monolatria tek monoteizmi judaik; c. Evolucioni? 7.2.6. Evolucioni animist 354 7.2.7. Teoria konjitive e agjentit mbinatyror të mitit/religj ionit 357 a. Teoria konjitive e agjentit mbinatyror të mitit/religjionit; b. Religjioni pa zot; c. Konjitivizmi për kuptimin e lindur religjioz për pas-vdekjen; d. Produkt apo nënprodukt? Të cilit evolución? 7.3. Kthesa pneumatike 369 7.3.1. Koncepti i shpirtit të unifikuar 3 71 7.3.2. Konceptet filozofikë parasokratikë të shpirtit 374 7.3.3. Kthesa pneumatike dhe lindja e religjionit: nga Platoni tek Agustini 378 7.3.4. Përfundime 386 KREU 8. MENDIMIMAGJIK 389 8.1. Magjia ֊ besim pseudo-empirik 389 8.1.1. Argumenti sociologjik 389 8.1.2. Argumenti antropologjik 392 8.1.3. Argumenti epistemik 396 8.2. Besimi pseudo-empirik: bestytnia, teurgjia 401 8.2.1. Bestytnia 401 8.2.2. Teurgjia si shfaqje e formes magjiko-mitologjike të mendimit 404 a. Teurgjia, një besim pseudo-empirik; b. Doktrina neoplatonike e teurgjisë; c. Teurgjia dhe religjioni; d. Teurgjia dhe gnosticizmi; e. Teurgjia orakularo-magjike: magjia e së tërës 8.3. Përfundime 413 8.3.1. Forma magjiko-mitologjike e mendimit: nj ësia dhe dallimi 413 8.3.2. Magjikja dhe religjioni 417
xiii KREU 9. PËRFUNDIME 9.1. Përkufizimi i formave të mendimit 9.1.1. Funksionalizmi dhe funksionet a. Funksioni thelbësor epistemik; b. Funksioni social; c. Funksioni antropologi ik; d· Funksioni psikologjik 9.1.2. Përkufizimi i formavę të mendimit 423 423 423 SHTOJCË. Digresión në historinë e idesë së postmodernizmit 453 Bibliografia 463 Indeksi i emrave 495 435 a. Përkufizimi i formes religjioze dhe përkufizimi thelbësor i religjionit; b. Përkufizimi i formave të mendimit 9.2. Në vend të epilogui: Ksenofani i Kolofonit dhe tri format e mendimit 445 9.3. Përfundime 451
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490 TRI FORMAT E MENDIMIT Taves, A. and Asprem, E., “Scientific Worldview Studies: A Programmatic Proposal”, në Anders Klostergaard Petersen, Ingvild Sælid Gilhus, Luther H. Martin, Jeppe Sinding Jensen, Jesper Sørensen, eds., Evolution, Cognition, and the History of Religion: a New Synthesis, Brill: LeidenBoston, 2018, f. 297-308. Taylor, Ch., Varieties of religion today: William James revisited, Harvard University Press, 2003. Taylor, M.C., ed., Critical Terms for Religious Studies, The University of Chicago Press, 1998. - Smith, J.Z., “Religion, Religions, Religious”, f. 269-284. - Stoller, P., “Rationality”, f. 239-255. Teske, R. J., To Know God and The Soul: Essays On The Thought Of Saint Augustine, The Catholic University of America Press, 2008. Treiger, A., Inspired Knowledge in Islamic Thought: Al-Ghazali’s Theory of Mystical Cognition and Its Avicennian Foundation, Routledge, 2012. Tremlin, T., Minds and Gods: The Cognitive Foundations ofReligion, Oxford University Press, 2006. Trepanier, S., “Early Greek Theology: God As Nature And Natural Gods” në Bremmer, J. N. and Erskine, A., eds., The Gods OfAncient Greece, Identities and Transformations, Edinburgh University Press, 2010, f. 273-317. Turner, B.S., ed., The New Blackwell Companion to the Sociology ofReligion, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. Turner, D., The Darkness of God: Negativity in Christian Mysticism, Cambridge University Press, 1995. Turner, D., Faith, Reason and the Existence of God, Cambridge University Press, 2004. Tyler, P., The Return to the Mystical, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2011. Tylor,
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BIBLIOGRAFIA 491 Van Cleve, J., “Why Coherence Is Not Enough: A Defense of Moderate Foundationalism” në Matthias Steup, John Turri, Ernest Sosa, eds., Contemporary Debates in Epistemology, Second Edition, WileyBlackwell, 2013, f. 255-66. Van den Berg, R.M., Proclus’ Commentary on the Cratylus in Context: Ancient Theories ofLanguage and Naming, Brill: Leiden-Boston, 2008. Van Nuffelen, P., “Pagan monotheism as a religious phenomenon”, në Mitchell, S. and Van Nuffelen, P., eds., One God, Pagan monotheism in the Roman Empire, Cambridge University Press, 2010, f. 16-34. Vandenberg, B., “Magical thinking”, Britannica.https://www.britannica. com/science/magical-thinking Vernant, J.-Р., “Myths and Reasonings” në Jean Bottero, Clarisse Herrenschmidt, Jean-Pierre Vernant, Ancestors ofthe West, The University of Chicago Press, 2000, f. 149-163. Vernant, J.-Р., Myth and Thought Among the Greeks, New York, Zone Books, 2006. Versnel, H.S., ed., Faith, Hope and Worship, Aspects OfReligious Mentality In The Ancient World, Leiden, Brill, 1981. Versnel, H.S.; Ter Unus: Isis, Dionysos, Hermes: Three Studies inHenotheism, Brill, 1990. Versnel, H.S. “Some Reflections on the Relationship Magic-Religion,” Numen 38, 1991, f. 177-97. Versnel, H.S., Coping -with the Gods. Wayward Readings in Greek Theology (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World 173), Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2011. Voegelin, E., Modernity Without Restraint: The Political Religions, The New Science ofPolitics, and Science, Politics, and Gnosticism, The Collected Works ofEric Voegelin, Volume 5, University of Missouri, 1999. Voegelin,
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492 TRI FORMAT E MENDIMIT Walton, J.H., Ancient Israelite Literature in its Cultural Context, Zondervan Publishing House, 1990. Warren J., Presocratics, Acumen, 2007. Wax, Μ. and Wax, R., “The Notion of Magic”, Current Anthropology Vol. 4, Ab. 5, 1963, f. 495-518. Weber, Μ., Economy and Society, University of California Press, 1978. West, M.L., “Towards Monotheism”, në Athanassiadi, P. and Frede, Μ., eds., Pagan Monotheism in Late Antiquity, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999, f. 21-40. Wiebe, D., “On the Transformation of “Belief’ and the Domestication of “Faith” in the Academic Study Of Religion”, në Aaron W. Hughes, ed., Theory and Method in the Study ofReligion: Twenty Five Years On, Brill, 2013. Wildberg, Christian, “John Philoponus”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https:// plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2018/entries/philoponus/ . Wilke, A., “Mysticism” në Kocku von Stuckrad (ed.), The Brill Dictionary of Religion, Leiden, Brill 2005, f. 1279-1285 Williams, G., “Kant’s Account of Reason”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2018/entries/kant-reason/ . Williams, P. with Anthony Tribe, Buddhist Thought: A complete introduction to the Indian tradition, Routledge: London and New York, 2000. Wilson, D.S. and W.S. Green, “Evolutionary Religious Studies: A Beginner’s Guide” në Edward Slingerland and Mark Collard eds., Creating Consilience: Integrating the Sciences and the Humanities, Oxford University Press, 2012, f. 225-242.
Winch P., “Understanding a Primitive Society” në Wilson, B.R., ed., Rationality, Basil Blackwell, 1970. Wirth, J., La naissance du concept de croyance (Xlle-XVIIe Siècles), Bibliothèque d’Humanisme et Renaissance, T. 45, No. 1,1983, f. 7-58. Witt, C., What Is Gender Essentialism, Oxford University Press, 2011. Witzel, Μ., The Origins ofthe World’s Mythologies, Oxford University Press, 2013. Woodruff Smith, D. and Thomasson, A.L., eds., Phenomenology and Philosophy ofMind, Oxford University Press, 2005. Woodward, J., “Scientific Explanation”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2017 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https:// plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2017/entries/scientific-explanation/ .
BIBLIOGRAFIA 493 Wright, M.R., Cosmology in Antiquity, Routledge, 1995. Zeyl, Donald and Barbara Sattler, “Plato’s Timaeus”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2022 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2022/entries/platotimaeus/ . Zagzebski, L., “Recovering Understanding” në Steup, Μ., ed., Knowledge, Truth, and Duty: Essays On Epistemic Justification, Responsibility, and Virtue, Oxford University Press, 2001, f. 235-251. Bibliografia e Shtojcës Adamson, W.L., Hegemony and Revolution: Antonio Gramsci ’s Political and Cultural Theory, University of California Press, 1980. Adorno, T., Negative Dialectics, Routledge, 1973. Eagleton, T., Literary Theory: An Introduction, The University of Minnesota Press, 2nd ed., 1996. Ferry, L. and Renaut, A., French Philosophy of The Sixties: An Essay on Antihumanism, The University of Massachusetts Press, 1990. Ferry, L., “Foucault”, në Mark Lilia ed., New French Thought: Political Philosophy, Princeton University Press, 1994, f. 54-62. Foucault, Μ., The History ofSexuality, Volume 1: An Introduction, Pantheon Books New York, 1978. Foucault, Μ., The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences, London: Routledge, 2002. Gellner, E., Postmodernism, Reason and Religion, Routledge, 1992. Gramsci, A., The Antonio Gramsci Reader: Selected Writings, 1916-1935, edited by David Forgács, New York University Press, 2000. Gross, P.R., Levitt N., Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and Its Quarrels with Science, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998. Hicks, S.R.C., Explaining
Postmodernism Skepticism and Socialism from Rousseau to Foucault, Expanded Edition, Ockham’s Razor Publishing, 2011. Klapwijk, J., Dialectic ofEnlightenment: Critical Theory and the Messianic Light, Wipf Stock (Eugene, Oregon), 2010. Marcuse, H., Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud, Boston: Beacon Press, 1974. Markuse, H., One-Dimensional Man, Routledge Classics, 2002.
494 TRI FORMAT E MENDIMIT Marx, K. and Engels, E, Basic Writings on Politics and Philosophy, Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1989. Marx, K., Engels, E, The German Ideology, Prometheus Books, 1998. McCamey, J., Social Theory and the Crisis ofMarxism, Verso, 1990. Pluckrose, H., Lindsay, J., Cynical Theories: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything About Race, Gender, And Identity-And Why This Harms Everybody, Durham: Pitchstone Publishing, 2020. Ricoeur P., Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2008. Scruton, R., Fools, Frauds and Firebrands: Thinkers of the New Left, Bloomsbury Continuum, 2015. Soh, D., The End of Gender: Debunking the Myths about Sex and Identity in Our Society, Threshold Edition, 2020. Sokal, A. and Bricmont J., Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals ’ Abuse ofScience, Picador, New York, 1999. Townshend, J., “Marxism and the Manifesto after Engels”, në Carver, T., Farr, J., eds., The Cambridge Companion to The Cammunist Manifesto, Cambridge University Press, 2015f. 87-104. Wolin, R., The seduction of unreason: the intellectual romance with fascism: from Nietzsche to postmodernism, Princeton University Press, 2004. Bayerische Staetsblbliothak Müncten
INDEKSI I EMRAVE Agustini i Hipos 177,179-181, 183184, 187, 205, 209, 249-250, 263, 279,299, 309, 318,376, 378, 381, 385-386, 388 - agustinian/e, 179-18,250-251,409 Akhenateni 348-349 Alston, William P. 75,202-203,287-288 Ando, Clifford 328-329 Anselmi i Canterbury-t 175,179-181,250 Aristoteli 51, 60, 93,112,117, 119, 122, 124-125, 132-133, 140, 142, 171-174, 178-179,181, 227, 301, 324-325, 341, 346, 376, 445,448, 451 - aristotelian/e, 24, 62, 70, 79, 95, 125, 132, 140,145, 157, 161, 165, 172, 173-176, 178, 181, 184,219, 230, 233, 247, 266, 271, 277, ЗОЇ, 383,451 Assmann, Jan 50, 53, 103, 113, 133, 300, 311-313, 320, 342, 346-348, 351-353,356, 374 Audi, Robert 32-33, 72, 288 Aureliam 349 Bailey, Michael D. 393, 397-398,401 Barnes, Jonathan 373, 447-448 Bellah, Robert 25, 44-46, 50-52, 238239,298, 300,432 Bevir, Mark 81, 237, 325, 345, 378 Bird, Alexander 141-143, 145, 151, 190, 193, 195 Boeci 179,209 Bogossian, Paul 131 Bonjour, Laurence 69-70 Boudon, Raymond 66-68, 73-76, 7982, 89, 94, 131 Boyer, Pascal 367 Bouyer, Louis 243-245 Boyce, Mary 304-307,310,312 Bremmer, JanN. 103-104,119,133,329330,355-356,372-373,375,392,394 Brereton, Joel P. 314-316 Brisson, Luc 54,112, 121-122,195, 301,303,319-320 Buda/t 352, 361-362 -budist/e/ët 154-155,257,302,345, 362-363 - budizmi 4, 154-155, 267, 301, 303, 317-318, 330, 338, 346, 352, 361363, 387,418 Burkert, Walter 87, 103, 132-137,342, 376,412 Buxton, Richard 105, 107, 126-127, 130, 132-133, 135-138 Byrne, P. 150-151,362 Caputo, John D. 278-279 Cassirer, Ernst 85, 93, 96-97, 100-102, 116, 120, 334 Clarke, P. dhe Byrne, P. 18-19,22,362
Comte, Auguste 42 Copleston, Frederick 181-182, 231, 278 495
496 TRI FORMAT E MENDIMIT Cumont, Franz-Valéry-Marie 355 Damasio, Antony 368 Davies, Owen 389-390, 398 Derrida, Jacques 138, 147-148, 163165,455,461 Descartes, René 170,188,199,215 Dickie, Matthew W. 392-394 Donald, Merlin 35,44-50,52,61-62, 363, 366 Durkheim, Emile 22, 67-68, 80, 92, 95, 154, 294, 334-335, 337, 397, 427428, 430, 432-433 - durkheimian/e 68, 82,151,427,429 Eckhart, Meister 231, 242, 252, 261, 267, 273, 275, 277-281 Eliade, Mircea 20, 108, 295-296, 335, 337-340 Elkana, Yehuda 52-54,451 Empedokli i Akragasë 288, 374, 376378,381 Ereshefsky, Marc 143-144,157 Filoni i Aleksandrisë 270, 382-384, 388 Forman, Robert K.C. 260, 264, 289, 291 Foucault, Michel 129,164,459-460 - fukoldian/e 129, 136 Frankfort, Henry and H. A. 92-93, 95100, 111, 116 Frazer, James 42, 88, 94,136, 333, 393-394,396-397 Freud, Sigmund 22-23, 57, 333,433, 460 - frojd-ist 136, 456 Geertz, Cliford 22, 25, 71, 94, 153, 234,236, 430-434 Gellman, Jerome 237,242,259-260, 262, 264, 266, 283-284, 286 Ghazali 174-175,181-182,184,242, 247-248, 272-273, 276-277, 282 Gilson, Etienne 175, 177, 183-184, 205, 209, 250, 278-2789 Guthrie, Stewart E. 15, 24-26, 28, 320, 359, 423, 427, 432-434 Gjon Filoponoi 171-173, 176, 178-179, 443 Gjoni, shën 268-269, 302,384 Gjoni i Kryqit 242-243, 252-255, 265266, 273-275, 280-282 Harrison, Jane E. 327-328 Hatab, Lawrence J., 58-59,85,90-91, 97, 356 Hegel, George F. xvii, xxii, 42,99,177178, 227-228, 265,272,278,345, 456, 461 -hegelian/e 51,70,99,227,272, 454, 461 - hegelianizmi xvii, 41 Heidegger, Martin 90, 228, 278,456 - hajdegerian/e 90-91 Hekateu i Miletit 121
Herakliti i Efesit 117-119,125,220, 307, 375,381,393,445,448 - heraklitian/e, 118,120,303 Herodoti 121-122 Hesiodi 116,122,342 -hesiodik/e, 116-118,296,298,308 Hesse, Mary 223 Hetherington, Stephen 193-194 Hick, John 176,202-203,369 Homeri 58, 117, 122, 124, 208, 314, 342, 355-356, 365, 370, 372 -homerik, 58-59,215,372-373,377378, 394,448 Jambliku 376,404,406-407,412-413 James, William 5,26,237-238,256258, 263, 265, 289-290 Jaspers, Karl 50-51 Jensen, Jeppe S. 3, 5, 17, 21, 23, 26, 28, 153, 360, 368, 424- 425,427, 433 Jung, Martin 47-49, 52-54, 101, 105 Kant, Immanuel 57, 63, 176, 186-187, 192, 195, 210-211, 228-229, 263, 318-319, 364 - kantian/e/ë, xxii, 63, 93, 171, 186187, 192, 195, 263, 416, 447-451 Katz, Steven T. 261
INDEKSI I EMRAVE Konfuci 51 Ksenofani i Kolofonit 39,41, 75, 119120, 193,307, 324,359,445 Kutschera, Franz Von 204-205,209-210 Kvanvig, Jonathan 218-219,222 Latour, Bruno 128,390 Leidhold, Wolfgang 36, 56-57, 59-60, 62, 92,98,122,124,291,369 Lesher, James H. 446,449 Levi-Strauss, Claude 27, 66, 84, 87-88 Levy-Bruhl, Lucien xxi, 66,91-95,9798, 100, 110, 323 Locke, John 145,170-171,176,192 Lowe, Edward J. 140-141,145,147148, 151-152 Lyotard, Jean-François 165-166,459,461 Lloyd, Geoffrey E.R. 43,121, 129-130 MacDonald, Paul S. 355, 370-372, 375377, 380-386,390 MacIntyre, Alasdair 131 Malinowski, Bronislaw 89,397, 399 Marx, Karl xvii, xxii, 22-23,136, 161, 333, 390,426-427, 453-454, 456-457, 460-461 - marksist/e xvii, xxii, 18, 21, 39, 138, 165,453,455-459, 461 - marksizmi xv, xvii, 39, 428,453, 455, 457-460 McCauley, Robert N. 44, 343-344, 420 - dhe T. Lawson 29 McGilchrist, Ian 62, 113, 210, 213, 215 McGinn, Bernard 231,242,244-245, 249-252, 254-255, 269, 275-276, 278-279,282 Moisiu 246-247,269,298,312-314, 317, 324,351-352,363, 369 Nikolla i Kuzës 269 Oderberg, David S. 140-143, 152, 154, 190 Ong, Walter 62, 113, 115 Origjeni i Aleksandrisë 244-245,250,385 497 Otto, Rudolf 21,26, 335-336, 362 Pali, shën 60,177,246, 322, 369, 383385, 388 Parker, Robert 74, 105, 329,441 Pascal, Blaise 185,187 Peirce, Charles S. 47, 192 Peterson, Jordan 25, 63, 96, 106 Pieper, Josef 175, 178-182,421 Pitagora 118,227,324,376-377,381 - teorema e 87,232 - pitagorian/e 303, 377-378 - pitagorian/ë 227,288,376,379,386 - pitagorianizmi 325, 377 Plantinga, Alvin 171, 187, 198-203,401 Platoni xv, 6-7,
51, 54, 81, 112, 116, 122-125,141,169,178-179, 195, 208-210,263, 301, 308, 319, 324325, 373, 376-381, 388, 393, 445 - platonik/e/ë 54, 60, 62,119, 124, 140, 161-162, 178, 181,208, 281, 246, 249, 252, 258, 261, 301-303, 308, 319, 325,379-381, 383,407408,412,431 - platonik/platonist 171-172, 270, 272, 275-276,278, 300, 382,404,406 Plotini 209, 275, 407 Popper, Karl 105,141,176,187-197, 225,319 Prokli 172, 178, 246, 270, 272, 276, 404-407 Pseudo-Dionisi 165,178,242,245251, 253, 256, 260, 265, 269-273, 275-276, 278-279, 281, 287, 409 - dionisian/e 253, 271, 273, 409 Rorty, Richard 72, 128,130, 198 Russell, Bertrand 229-231,284 Saadia ben Josef 173-174 Saler, Benson 26,151-157,159-160,162 Salmon, Wesley C„ 219,221,224-226 Sayer, Andrew 147-148, 161 -162, 164
498 TRI FORMAT E MENDIMIT Schilbrack, Kevin 108-109,159, 234-235, 263, 330-331, 336-341 Schleiermacher, Friedrich 21, 256, 332, 334, 336, 345 Searle, John R. 128,159,161,164, 189, 191, 197, 334,437 Segal, Robert A. 8, 21-23, 25, 84-86, 88-89, 95, 98, 108, 134, 160,428, 435 Sire, James W. 230-232 Smith, Jonathan Z. 17-18, 105-106, 108, 133, 136, 159,391,427 Smith, Wilfred Cantwell 159, 331-334, 345, 355, 365 Snell, Bruno 58-59, 117, 356, 372 Sorabji, Richard 171-173,176,178179, 208-209 Spiro, Melford E. 21,24-25,428 Stausberg, Michael 15-16,18,21,28,31 Swinburne, Richard 199,201-202 Shaw, Gregory 406-413 Talesi i Miletit 117,130,225,324, 346 Taves, Ann 168,231,262 Tertullani 167, 385 TomaiAkuinit 176, 179, 181-184,187, 209, 242, 246,268, 276,278,283 Tremlin, Todd 24,28-30, 141,361,366 Turner, Denys 230, 253-255,257-260, 263-264, 278 Tylor, E Edward В. 24,26-27, ЗО, 67, 88, 94,137 Vernant, Jean-Pierre 103,112,116, 130-131 Versnel, Henk S. 127, 328-329, 347, 391,396, 398,419-420, 448 Voegelin, Eric, xvii, 56, 89, 109 William-i i Ockham-it 182 Wittgenstein, Ludwig 152,163 Witzel, Michael 84-85, 108, 135 Wolterstorff, Nicholas 171,177,198,290 Zarathustra 60, 3 03, 3 05-311, 314, 322
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Tryeza e lëndës xv Parathënie KREUl.HYRJE 1 1.1. Teza dhe Metoda 1.1.1. Teza 1.1.2. Metoda 1.1.3. Qëndrimet anti-epistemikë iracionaliste 1.2. Teori dhe përkufizime 1.2.1. Hyrje: Pse përkufizme e teori? 1.2.2. Përkufizimi i shkencës 1.2.3. Gjendja e studimeve përmitologjinë e religjionin 1.2.4. Klasifikime të teorive të religjionit 1.2.5. Teorite e religj ionit a. Anti-teoria postmoderne; b. “Përkufizimi” operacional; c. Qasja substantive religjioniste; d. Funksionalizmi; e. Funksionalizmi epistemik; f. Esencializmi epistemik; g. Teoria konjitive e religjionit: origjina e religjionit 1.2.6. Përkufizimi i formave të mendimit 1.3. Plani i librit 1 1 З 6 10 10 12 13 15 17 ’ 31 35 KREU 2. FORMAT E MENDIMIT 41 2.1. Format e mendimit dhe evolucioni i mendimit 2.1.1. Tri faza frejzeriane 2.1.2. Periodizimi konjitiv: periudha mitike dhe ajo teorike 2.1.3. Revolucioni konjitiv-epistemik i Epokës aksiale 41 41 44 50 vu
viii 2.1.4. Evolucioni në Strukturen e eksperiencës dhe format e mendimit 2.1.5. Përmbledhje e argumentit 2.1.6. Një strukturē e arsyes 2.2. Format e mendimit: kundërargumenti 2.2.1. Kontinuizëm vs. diskontinuizëm? 2.2.2. Koherentizmi dhe koherenca 2.2.3. Verifikimi, falsifikimi 2.2.4. Racionaliteti dhe koherenca 2.2.5. Komunikimi social i besimeve 2.2.6. Përmbledhje 56 60 63 65 66 68 73 77 79 81 KREU 3. FORMA MITOLOGJIKE DHE AJO RACIONALE E MENDIMIT 3.1. Miti ֊ qasja epistemike vs. qasjes antropologi ike 3.1.1. Pamundësia e antropologi isë 3.1.2. Tentativa epistemologjike 3.2. Qasja epistemike 3.2.1. Excurs-et epistemologjike të antropologiisë 3.2.2. Logjika 3.2.3. Lidhja shkak-pasojë 3.2.4. Raporti objekt-subjekt 3.2.5. Besimi pseudo-empirik 3.2.6. Kuptimi mitologjik 3.2.7. Përmbledhje 3.3. Miti, logos-і dhe kthesa noetike 3.3.1. Shkrimi dhe racionaliteti 3.3.2. Filozofēt e hershëm grekë 3.3.3. Historianët 3.3.4. Platoni, Aristoteli dhe kthesa noetike 3.4. Relativizimi dhe dekonstruktimi i dallimit mes arsyes dhe mitit 83 84 84 88 91 91 93 96 98 102 105 110 112 112 115 121 122 126
їх 3.4.1. Social-konstruktivizmi, qasja emic-e si metodologii e vetrne dhe terminolog) ia 127 3.4.2. Pluralizimi dhe relativizimi i arsyes 3.4.3. Logjika e narracionit apo logjika e mitit? 3.4.4. Dekonstruktimi i kategorive dhe përkufizimeve KREU 4. FORMA RACIONALE DHE AJO RELIGJIOZE E MENDIMIT 130 132 137 139 4.1. Thelbi i religj ionit dhe arsyes 139 4.1.1. Hyrje: esencializmi 139 a. Esencializmi dhe anti-esencializmi; b. Esencializmi në shkencat e natyrës; c. Debatí intra-esencialist: esencializmi metafizik dhe shkencor; d. Esencializmi dhe fenomenet e jetës njerëzore; e. Format e mendimit dhe thelbi i tyre 4.1.2. A ka nj ë thelb religj ioni? 150 4.1.3. Anti-esencializmi i kthesës kulturore 159 a. Anti-esencializmi: social-konstruktivizmi; b. De-esencializimi i arsyes: dekonstruktivizmi; c. De-esencializimi i arsyes: relativizimi 4.2. Jeruzalemi dhe/apo/vs. Athina 167 4.2.1. Hyrje: fondacionalizmi dhe evidencializmi 169 4.2.2. Evidencializmi teist dhe arsyeja 171 a. Evidencializmi teist; b. Roli i arsyes dhe skolasticizmi; c. Roli i arsyes në krishtërimin latin 4.2.3. Fideizmi 184 4.2.4. Deflacionizimi poperian i arsyes 187 a. Falsifikacionizmi; b. Falibilizmi; c. Filozofia, religjioni dhe falibilizëm-falsifikacionizmi 4.2.5. Epistemologjia e reformuar 198 4.2.6. Përmbledhje 203
x KREU 5. NJOHJA DHE KUPTIMI 5.1. Dy Arsyet 5.1.1. Arsyeja dhe racionaliteti 5.1.2. Bikameralizmi 5.2. Kuptimi dhe njohja e botēs 5.2.1. Kuptimi 5.2.2. Kuptimi dhe dija 5.2.3. Modelet shkencorë: kuptimi dhe dija 5.2.4. Kuptimi shkencor i botēs 5.2.5. Botëkuptimet 5.2.6. Modeli mitologjik-religjioz dhe filozofik i botēs 5.2.7. Eksperienca mistike dhe tē kuptuarit 5.3. Pērmbledhje 207 207 207 212 217 218 218 222 224 228 234 236 239 KREU 6. NJOHJA NË EKSPERIENCËN RELIGJIOZE MISTIKE 241 6.1. Eksperienca nē unionin mistik 243 6.1.1. Eksperienca mistike para-moderne 243 a. Mistika patristike si ekzegjezë; b. Pseudo-Dionisi: teologjia mistike dhe eksperienca; c. Ghazali: eksperienca mistike religjioze si eksperiencë intelektuale; d. Kontemplacion dhe meditim nē misticizmin mesjetar, sh. i б-12-të: via positiva; e. Misticizmi i Mesjetës së Voně; f. Anti-eksperiencializmi i Eckhart-it; g. Eksperiencializmi te Gjoni i Kryqit 6.1.2. Misticizmi modern dhe eksperienca 255 6.1.3. Debati aktual mbi eksperiencën mistike 259 a. Esencializmi vs. kontekstualizmit; b. Debati konjitiv; c. Pakapshmëria e eksperiencës mistike dhe e objektit tě saj 6.1.4. Pērmbledhje 267 6.2. Njohja nē unionin mistik 268 6.2.1. Hyrje: kufijtë doktrinorë 268 6.2.2. Teologjia negative (mohuese) dhe unioni mistik 269 a. Pseudo-Dionisi: çthënia dhe zhbërja si doktrine dhe metodologji e unionit mistik; b. Ghazali: çthënia si doktrine; c. Gjoni i Kryqit: zhbërja si metodologji e unionit mistik
Xl 6.2.3. Unioni ontologjik dhe njohja mistike 274 a. Plotini: unioni i padiferencuar me Një-në; b. Pseudo-Dionisi: njohja në unionin ontologjik; c. Ghazali: pamundësia e unionit ontologjik; d. Mjeshtri Eckhart: njohja në identitetin ontologjik; e. Gjoni i Kryqit: njohja nëpërmjet pjesëmarrjes 6.2.4. “Acquaintance” dhe misticizmi/religjioni 283 6.2.5. Përmbledhje 290 KREU 7. FORMA RELIGJIOZE DHE AJO MITOLOGJIKË E MENDIMIT 293 7.1. Nga zotat mitologjikë në zotin e religjionit: evolución apo revolución? 293 7.1.1. Extra-empirik vs. pseudo-empirik 293 7.1.2. Mitet e krijimit 295 7.1.3. Religjioni dhe Epoka aksiale 300 a. Transhendenca; b. Racionaliteti, universalitet!; c. Individi; d. Imagj inata 7.1.4. Zoroastrianizmi dhe shfaqja e pare e besimit extra-empirik 304 7.1.5. Religj ioni dhe Epoka aksiale : E vērtēta 311 a. Zarathustra; b. Moisiu; c. Rigveda X.129 7.1.6. Format e mendimit: e njohur/panjohur/panjohshme dhe e vērtēta 318 7.1.7. Përmbledhje dhe përfundime 321 7.1.8. Përtej konkluzioneve 323 7.2. Kundërargumenti: reduktimi imitit në religjion 326 7.2.1. Besimi apo rituali 327 7.2.2. Intuita kundër besimit 331 7.2.3. Perenializmi sakral 334 7.2.4. Natyra e zotave mitologjikë dhe zotit të religjionit 340 a. Mbinjerëzorë vs. mbinatyror, në botë vs. jashtë saj; b. Të njohshëm vs. i panjohshëm; c. Person vs. jo person
Xli 7.2.5. Mono vs. politeizmi 346 a. Monoteizmi pagan?; b. Nga monolatria tek monoteizmi judaik; c. Evolucioni? 7.2.6. Evolucioni animist 354 7.2.7. Teoria konjitive e agjentit mbinatyror të mitit/religj ionit 357 a. Teoria konjitive e agjentit mbinatyror të mitit/religjionit; b. Religjioni pa zot; c. Konjitivizmi për kuptimin e lindur religjioz për pas-vdekjen; d. Produkt apo nënprodukt? Të cilit evolución? 7.3. Kthesa pneumatike 369 7.3.1. Koncepti i shpirtit të unifikuar 3 71 7.3.2. Konceptet filozofikë parasokratikë të shpirtit 374 7.3.3. Kthesa pneumatike dhe lindja e religjionit: nga Platoni tek Agustini 378 7.3.4. Përfundime 386 KREU 8. MENDIMIMAGJIK 389 8.1. Magjia ֊ besim pseudo-empirik 389 8.1.1. Argumenti sociologjik 389 8.1.2. Argumenti antropologjik 392 8.1.3. Argumenti epistemik 396 8.2. Besimi pseudo-empirik: bestytnia, teurgjia 401 8.2.1. Bestytnia 401 8.2.2. Teurgjia si shfaqje e formes magjiko-mitologjike të mendimit 404 a. Teurgjia, një besim pseudo-empirik; b. Doktrina neoplatonike e teurgjisë; c. Teurgjia dhe religjioni; d. Teurgjia dhe gnosticizmi; e. Teurgjia orakularo-magjike: magjia e së tërës 8.3. Përfundime 413 8.3.1. Forma magjiko-mitologjike e mendimit: nj ësia dhe dallimi 413 8.3.2. Magjikja dhe religjioni 417
xiii KREU 9. PËRFUNDIME 9.1. Përkufizimi i formave të mendimit 9.1.1. Funksionalizmi dhe funksionet a. Funksioni thelbësor epistemik; b. Funksioni social; c. Funksioni antropologi ik; d· Funksioni psikologjik 9.1.2. Përkufizimi i formavę të mendimit 423 423 423 SHTOJCË. Digresión në historinë e idesë së postmodernizmit 453 Bibliografia 463 Indeksi i emrave 495 435 a. Përkufizimi i formes religjioze dhe përkufizimi thelbësor i religjionit; b. Përkufizimi i formave të mendimit 9.2. Në vend të epilogui: Ksenofani i Kolofonit dhe tri format e mendimit 445 9.3. Përfundime 451
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492 TRI FORMAT E MENDIMIT Walton, J.H., Ancient Israelite Literature in its Cultural Context, Zondervan Publishing House, 1990. Warren J., Presocratics, Acumen, 2007. Wax, Μ. and Wax, R., “The Notion of Magic”, Current Anthropology Vol. 4, Ab. 5, 1963, f. 495-518. Weber, Μ., Economy and Society, University of California Press, 1978. West, M.L., “Towards Monotheism”, në Athanassiadi, P. and Frede, Μ., eds., Pagan Monotheism in Late Antiquity, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999, f. 21-40. Wiebe, D., “On the Transformation of “Belief’ and the Domestication of “Faith” in the Academic Study Of Religion”, në Aaron W. Hughes, ed., Theory and Method in the Study ofReligion: Twenty Five Years On, Brill, 2013. Wildberg, Christian, “John Philoponus”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https:// plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2018/entries/philoponus/ . Wilke, A., “Mysticism” në Kocku von Stuckrad (ed.), The Brill Dictionary of Religion, Leiden, Brill 2005, f. 1279-1285 Williams, G., “Kant’s Account of Reason”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2018/entries/kant-reason/ . Williams, P. with Anthony Tribe, Buddhist Thought: A complete introduction to the Indian tradition, Routledge: London and New York, 2000. Wilson, D.S. and W.S. Green, “Evolutionary Religious Studies: A Beginner’s Guide” në Edward Slingerland and Mark Collard eds., Creating Consilience: Integrating the Sciences and the Humanities, Oxford University Press, 2012, f. 225-242.
Winch P., “Understanding a Primitive Society” në Wilson, B.R., ed., Rationality, Basil Blackwell, 1970. Wirth, J., La naissance du concept de croyance (Xlle-XVIIe Siècles), Bibliothèque d’Humanisme et Renaissance, T. 45, No. 1,1983, f. 7-58. Witt, C., What Is Gender Essentialism, Oxford University Press, 2011. Witzel, Μ., The Origins ofthe World’s Mythologies, Oxford University Press, 2013. Woodruff Smith, D. and Thomasson, A.L., eds., Phenomenology and Philosophy ofMind, Oxford University Press, 2005. Woodward, J., “Scientific Explanation”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2017 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https:// plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2017/entries/scientific-explanation/ .
BIBLIOGRAFIA 493 Wright, M.R., Cosmology in Antiquity, Routledge, 1995. Zeyl, Donald and Barbara Sattler, “Plato’s Timaeus”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2022 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2022/entries/platotimaeus/ . Zagzebski, L., “Recovering Understanding” në Steup, Μ., ed., Knowledge, Truth, and Duty: Essays On Epistemic Justification, Responsibility, and Virtue, Oxford University Press, 2001, f. 235-251. Bibliografia e Shtojcës Adamson, W.L., Hegemony and Revolution: Antonio Gramsci ’s Political and Cultural Theory, University of California Press, 1980. Adorno, T., Negative Dialectics, Routledge, 1973. Eagleton, T., Literary Theory: An Introduction, The University of Minnesota Press, 2nd ed., 1996. Ferry, L. and Renaut, A., French Philosophy of The Sixties: An Essay on Antihumanism, The University of Massachusetts Press, 1990. Ferry, L., “Foucault”, në Mark Lilia ed., New French Thought: Political Philosophy, Princeton University Press, 1994, f. 54-62. Foucault, Μ., The History ofSexuality, Volume 1: An Introduction, Pantheon Books New York, 1978. Foucault, Μ., The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences, London: Routledge, 2002. Gellner, E., Postmodernism, Reason and Religion, Routledge, 1992. Gramsci, A., The Antonio Gramsci Reader: Selected Writings, 1916-1935, edited by David Forgács, New York University Press, 2000. Gross, P.R., Levitt N., Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and Its Quarrels with Science, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998. Hicks, S.R.C., Explaining
Postmodernism Skepticism and Socialism from Rousseau to Foucault, Expanded Edition, Ockham’s Razor Publishing, 2011. Klapwijk, J., Dialectic ofEnlightenment: Critical Theory and the Messianic Light, Wipf Stock (Eugene, Oregon), 2010. Marcuse, H., Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud, Boston: Beacon Press, 1974. Markuse, H., One-Dimensional Man, Routledge Classics, 2002.
494 TRI FORMAT E MENDIMIT Marx, K. and Engels, E, Basic Writings on Politics and Philosophy, Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1989. Marx, K., Engels, E, The German Ideology, Prometheus Books, 1998. McCamey, J., Social Theory and the Crisis ofMarxism, Verso, 1990. Pluckrose, H., Lindsay, J., Cynical Theories: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything About Race, Gender, And Identity-And Why This Harms Everybody, Durham: Pitchstone Publishing, 2020. Ricoeur P., Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2008. Scruton, R., Fools, Frauds and Firebrands: Thinkers of the New Left, Bloomsbury Continuum, 2015. Soh, D., The End of Gender: Debunking the Myths about Sex and Identity in Our Society, Threshold Edition, 2020. Sokal, A. and Bricmont J., Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals ’ Abuse ofScience, Picador, New York, 1999. Townshend, J., “Marxism and the Manifesto after Engels”, në Carver, T., Farr, J., eds., The Cambridge Companion to The Cammunist Manifesto, Cambridge University Press, 2015f. 87-104. Wolin, R., The seduction of unreason: the intellectual romance with fascism: from Nietzsche to postmodernism, Princeton University Press, 2004. Bayerische Staetsblbliothak Müncten
INDEKSI I EMRAVE Agustini i Hipos 177,179-181, 183184, 187, 205, 209, 249-250, 263, 279,299, 309, 318,376, 378, 381, 385-386, 388 - agustinian/e, 179-18,250-251,409 Akhenateni 348-349 Alston, William P. 75,202-203,287-288 Ando, Clifford 328-329 Anselmi i Canterbury-t 175,179-181,250 Aristoteli 51, 60, 93,112,117, 119, 122, 124-125, 132-133, 140, 142, 171-174, 178-179,181, 227, 301, 324-325, 341, 346, 376, 445,448, 451 - aristotelian/e, 24, 62, 70, 79, 95, 125, 132, 140,145, 157, 161, 165, 172, 173-176, 178, 181, 184,219, 230, 233, 247, 266, 271, 277, ЗОЇ, 383,451 Assmann, Jan 50, 53, 103, 113, 133, 300, 311-313, 320, 342, 346-348, 351-353,356, 374 Audi, Robert 32-33, 72, 288 Aureliam 349 Bailey, Michael D. 393, 397-398,401 Barnes, Jonathan 373, 447-448 Bellah, Robert 25, 44-46, 50-52, 238239,298, 300,432 Bevir, Mark 81, 237, 325, 345, 378 Bird, Alexander 141-143, 145, 151, 190, 193, 195 Boeci 179,209 Bogossian, Paul 131 Bonjour, Laurence 69-70 Boudon, Raymond 66-68, 73-76, 7982, 89, 94, 131 Boyer, Pascal 367 Bouyer, Louis 243-245 Boyce, Mary 304-307,310,312 Bremmer, JanN. 103-104,119,133,329330,355-356,372-373,375,392,394 Brereton, Joel P. 314-316 Brisson, Luc 54,112, 121-122,195, 301,303,319-320 Buda/t 352, 361-362 -budist/e/ët 154-155,257,302,345, 362-363 - budizmi 4, 154-155, 267, 301, 303, 317-318, 330, 338, 346, 352, 361363, 387,418 Burkert, Walter 87, 103, 132-137,342, 376,412 Buxton, Richard 105, 107, 126-127, 130, 132-133, 135-138 Byrne, P. 150-151,362 Caputo, John D. 278-279 Cassirer, Ernst 85, 93, 96-97, 100-102, 116, 120, 334 Clarke, P. dhe Byrne, P. 18-19,22,362
Comte, Auguste 42 Copleston, Frederick 181-182, 231, 278 495
496 TRI FORMAT E MENDIMIT Cumont, Franz-Valéry-Marie 355 Damasio, Antony 368 Davies, Owen 389-390, 398 Derrida, Jacques 138, 147-148, 163165,455,461 Descartes, René 170,188,199,215 Dickie, Matthew W. 392-394 Donald, Merlin 35,44-50,52,61-62, 363, 366 Durkheim, Emile 22, 67-68, 80, 92, 95, 154, 294, 334-335, 337, 397, 427428, 430, 432-433 - durkheimian/e 68, 82,151,427,429 Eckhart, Meister 231, 242, 252, 261, 267, 273, 275, 277-281 Eliade, Mircea 20, 108, 295-296, 335, 337-340 Elkana, Yehuda 52-54,451 Empedokli i Akragasë 288, 374, 376378,381 Ereshefsky, Marc 143-144,157 Filoni i Aleksandrisë 270, 382-384, 388 Forman, Robert K.C. 260, 264, 289, 291 Foucault, Michel 129,164,459-460 - fukoldian/e 129, 136 Frankfort, Henry and H. A. 92-93, 95100, 111, 116 Frazer, James 42, 88, 94,136, 333, 393-394,396-397 Freud, Sigmund 22-23, 57, 333,433, 460 - frojd-ist 136, 456 Geertz, Cliford 22, 25, 71, 94, 153, 234,236, 430-434 Gellman, Jerome 237,242,259-260, 262, 264, 266, 283-284, 286 Ghazali 174-175,181-182,184,242, 247-248, 272-273, 276-277, 282 Gilson, Etienne 175, 177, 183-184, 205, 209, 250, 278-2789 Guthrie, Stewart E. 15, 24-26, 28, 320, 359, 423, 427, 432-434 Gjon Filoponoi 171-173, 176, 178-179, 443 Gjoni, shën 268-269, 302,384 Gjoni i Kryqit 242-243, 252-255, 265266, 273-275, 280-282 Harrison, Jane E. 327-328 Hatab, Lawrence J., 58-59,85,90-91, 97, 356 Hegel, George F. xvii, xxii, 42,99,177178, 227-228, 265,272,278,345, 456, 461 -hegelian/e 51,70,99,227,272, 454, 461 - hegelianizmi xvii, 41 Heidegger, Martin 90, 228, 278,456 - hajdegerian/e 90-91 Hekateu i Miletit 121
Herakliti i Efesit 117-119,125,220, 307, 375,381,393,445,448 - heraklitian/e, 118,120,303 Herodoti 121-122 Hesiodi 116,122,342 -hesiodik/e, 116-118,296,298,308 Hesse, Mary 223 Hetherington, Stephen 193-194 Hick, John 176,202-203,369 Homeri 58, 117, 122, 124, 208, 314, 342, 355-356, 365, 370, 372 -homerik, 58-59,215,372-373,377378, 394,448 Jambliku 376,404,406-407,412-413 James, William 5,26,237-238,256258, 263, 265, 289-290 Jaspers, Karl 50-51 Jensen, Jeppe S. 3, 5, 17, 21, 23, 26, 28, 153, 360, 368, 424- 425,427, 433 Jung, Martin 47-49, 52-54, 101, 105 Kant, Immanuel 57, 63, 176, 186-187, 192, 195, 210-211, 228-229, 263, 318-319, 364 - kantian/e/ë, xxii, 63, 93, 171, 186187, 192, 195, 263, 416, 447-451 Katz, Steven T. 261
INDEKSI I EMRAVE Konfuci 51 Ksenofani i Kolofonit 39,41, 75, 119120, 193,307, 324,359,445 Kutschera, Franz Von 204-205,209-210 Kvanvig, Jonathan 218-219,222 Latour, Bruno 128,390 Leidhold, Wolfgang 36, 56-57, 59-60, 62, 92,98,122,124,291,369 Lesher, James H. 446,449 Levi-Strauss, Claude 27, 66, 84, 87-88 Levy-Bruhl, Lucien xxi, 66,91-95,9798, 100, 110, 323 Locke, John 145,170-171,176,192 Lowe, Edward J. 140-141,145,147148, 151-152 Lyotard, Jean-François 165-166,459,461 Lloyd, Geoffrey E.R. 43,121, 129-130 MacDonald, Paul S. 355, 370-372, 375377, 380-386,390 MacIntyre, Alasdair 131 Malinowski, Bronislaw 89,397, 399 Marx, Karl xvii, xxii, 22-23,136, 161, 333, 390,426-427, 453-454, 456-457, 460-461 - marksist/e xvii, xxii, 18, 21, 39, 138, 165,453,455-459, 461 - marksizmi xv, xvii, 39, 428,453, 455, 457-460 McCauley, Robert N. 44, 343-344, 420 - dhe T. Lawson 29 McGilchrist, Ian 62, 113, 210, 213, 215 McGinn, Bernard 231,242,244-245, 249-252, 254-255, 269, 275-276, 278-279,282 Moisiu 246-247,269,298,312-314, 317, 324,351-352,363, 369 Nikolla i Kuzës 269 Oderberg, David S. 140-143, 152, 154, 190 Ong, Walter 62, 113, 115 Origjeni i Aleksandrisë 244-245,250,385 497 Otto, Rudolf 21,26, 335-336, 362 Pali, shën 60,177,246, 322, 369, 383385, 388 Parker, Robert 74, 105, 329,441 Pascal, Blaise 185,187 Peirce, Charles S. 47, 192 Peterson, Jordan 25, 63, 96, 106 Pieper, Josef 175, 178-182,421 Pitagora 118,227,324,376-377,381 - teorema e 87,232 - pitagorian/e 303, 377-378 - pitagorian/ë 227,288,376,379,386 - pitagorianizmi 325, 377 Plantinga, Alvin 171, 187, 198-203,401 Platoni xv, 6-7,
51, 54, 81, 112, 116, 122-125,141,169,178-179, 195, 208-210,263, 301, 308, 319, 324325, 373, 376-381, 388, 393, 445 - platonik/e/ë 54, 60, 62,119, 124, 140, 161-162, 178, 181,208, 281, 246, 249, 252, 258, 261, 301-303, 308, 319, 325,379-381, 383,407408,412,431 - platonik/platonist 171-172, 270, 272, 275-276,278, 300, 382,404,406 Plotini 209, 275, 407 Popper, Karl 105,141,176,187-197, 225,319 Prokli 172, 178, 246, 270, 272, 276, 404-407 Pseudo-Dionisi 165,178,242,245251, 253, 256, 260, 265, 269-273, 275-276, 278-279, 281, 287, 409 - dionisian/e 253, 271, 273, 409 Rorty, Richard 72, 128,130, 198 Russell, Bertrand 229-231,284 Saadia ben Josef 173-174 Saler, Benson 26,151-157,159-160,162 Salmon, Wesley C„ 219,221,224-226 Sayer, Andrew 147-148, 161 -162, 164
498 TRI FORMAT E MENDIMIT Schilbrack, Kevin 108-109,159, 234-235, 263, 330-331, 336-341 Schleiermacher, Friedrich 21, 256, 332, 334, 336, 345 Searle, John R. 128,159,161,164, 189, 191, 197, 334,437 Segal, Robert A. 8, 21-23, 25, 84-86, 88-89, 95, 98, 108, 134, 160,428, 435 Sire, James W. 230-232 Smith, Jonathan Z. 17-18, 105-106, 108, 133, 136, 159,391,427 Smith, Wilfred Cantwell 159, 331-334, 345, 355, 365 Snell, Bruno 58-59, 117, 356, 372 Sorabji, Richard 171-173,176,178179, 208-209 Spiro, Melford E. 21,24-25,428 Stausberg, Michael 15-16,18,21,28,31 Swinburne, Richard 199,201-202 Shaw, Gregory 406-413 Talesi i Miletit 117,130,225,324, 346 Taves, Ann 168,231,262 Tertullani 167, 385 TomaiAkuinit 176, 179, 181-184,187, 209, 242, 246,268, 276,278,283 Tremlin, Todd 24,28-30, 141,361,366 Turner, Denys 230, 253-255,257-260, 263-264, 278 Tylor, E Edward В. 24,26-27, ЗО, 67, 88, 94,137 Vernant, Jean-Pierre 103,112,116, 130-131 Versnel, Henk S. 127, 328-329, 347, 391,396, 398,419-420, 448 Voegelin, Eric, xvii, 56, 89, 109 William-i i Ockham-it 182 Wittgenstein, Ludwig 152,163 Witzel, Michael 84-85, 108, 135 Wolterstorff, Nicholas 171,177,198,290 Zarathustra 60, 3 03, 3 05-311, 314, 322 |
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| spelling | Imami, Arben 1958- Verfasser (DE-588)1294987976 aut Tri format e mendimit mitologjia, racionaliteti, religjoni Libri 1 Mitologjia, gnosticizmi, utopizmi Arben Imami Tiranë UETPress tetor 2022 xxv, 498 Seiten 21 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Studime 38 Studime (DE-604)BV048916752 1 Studime 38 (DE-604)BV035883151 38 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034298226&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034298226&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034298226&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister |
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| title | Tri format e mendimit mitologjia, racionaliteti, religjoni |
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| title_exact_search | Tri format e mendimit mitologjia, racionaliteti, religjoni |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Tri format e mendimit mitologjia, racionaliteti, religjoni |
| title_full | Tri format e mendimit mitologjia, racionaliteti, religjoni Libri 1 Mitologjia, gnosticizmi, utopizmi Arben Imami |
| title_fullStr | Tri format e mendimit mitologjia, racionaliteti, religjoni Libri 1 Mitologjia, gnosticizmi, utopizmi Arben Imami |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tri format e mendimit mitologjia, racionaliteti, religjoni Libri 1 Mitologjia, gnosticizmi, utopizmi Arben Imami |
| title_short | Tri format e mendimit |
| title_sort | tri format e mendimit mitologjia racionaliteti religjoni mitologjia gnosticizmi utopizmi |
| title_sub | mitologjia, racionaliteti, religjoni |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034298226&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034298226&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034298226&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV048916752 (DE-604)BV035883151 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT imamiarben triformatemendimitmitologjiaracionalitetireligjonilibri1 |