Belarus in the twenty-first century: between dictatorship and democracy
"This book presents a comprehensive overview of current developments in Belarus. It explores how there has been an upswelling of popular support for the idea that Belarus must change. It highlights how the old regime, aiming to retain the Soviet legacy, reluctant to reform, presiding over worse...
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London ; New York
Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
2023
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| Schriftenreihe: | BASEES/Routledge series on Russian and East European studies
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "This book presents a comprehensive overview of current developments in Belarus. It explores how there has been an upswelling of popular support for the idea that Belarus must change. It highlights how the old regime, aiming to retain the Soviet legacy, reluctant to reform, presiding over worsening economic conditions and refusing to take measures to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, has been confronted by increasing bottom-up social mobilisation which demands a transformation of state-society relations and a new sense of Belarusian peoplehood. The book outlines how the current situation has developed, considers how the present demands for change are deep seated and long brewing trends, and reveals much detail about many aspects of the growing societal mobilisation. Overall, the book demonstrates that, although the old regime remains in power, Belarusian society has changed fundamentally, thereby bringing great hope that change will eventually come about" |
| Beschreibung: | xxiii, 212 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781032318059 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1816692635301052416 |
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Contents List of Illustrations List of Contributors Foreword Introduction ix xi xvii xviii ELENA KOROSTELEVA, IRINA PETROVA, AND ANASTASIIA KUDLENKO PART I History, Identity, and Politics Revisited 1 The Political Symbols and Concepts of Statehood in the Modem History of Belams 1 3 ANDREJ KOTLJARCHUK. ANDREJ RADAMAN. AND ELENA SINITSYNA 2 The ‘Genocide of Belarusians’ and the Survival of Lukashenka’s Regime 16 DAVID R. MARPLES AND VERANIKA LAPUTSKA 3 The Soviet Roots of the 2020 Protests: The Unlikely History of Belarusian Civic Nationalism 33 NATALYA CHERNYSHOVA 4 Foreign Policy Manifestations of Belarus’ 2020 Protest Movement: In-betweenness as Usual? ■ 50 HUAWEI ZHENG PART II Socio-Economic and Institutional Landscapes 5 Stolen Decades: The Unfulfilled Expectations of the Belarusian Economic Miracle ALEŚ ALACHNOVIČ AND JULIA KOROSTELEVA 65 67
viii Contents 6 COVID-19 in Belarus: Politics, Protests, and Public Health 89 CHRISTOPHER], GERRY AND CORA NEUMANN 7 The Belarusian Judicial System: What Can We Learn from Georgia and Ukraine’s Straggle for the Independent Judiciary? 102 LIUDMILA D’CRUZ, LIUDMILA KAZAK, AND PAVEL KURYAN 8 Belarusian Law as an Agent of Change 117 THOMAS KRUESSMANN AND ANNA Տ. PART HI Reclaiming Public Space and Fostering Peoplehood 9 Social Movements and Political Change in Belarus in 2020 and After 131 133 TATSIANA CHULITSKAYA AND ELEANOR BINDMAN 10 Societal Self-Organization in Belarus Post-2020: The Rise of Peoplehood 146 ELENA KOROSTELEVA AND IRINA PETROVA 11 Activating and Negotiating Women’s Citizenship in the 2020 Belarusian Uprising 161 ELENA GAPOVA 12 Tracing the Emergence of Peoplehood in Belarus and Ukraine: A Comparative Study 179 ANASTASI IA KUDLENKO 13 Where Does Belarus Go from Here? 193 VICTOR SHADURSKI Index 207
Index 1918 Belarusian National Republic 183 Abetsedarski, L.S. 6 Academy of Management 197 Ackerman, F. 24, 26, 27 Adamovich, A. 36 Alachnovic, A. xx, 54, 198 All-Belarusian People’s Assembly 105 Amnesty International 105, 140 Anna, S. xxi, 10 anti-EU 13 anti-globalist 13 anti-regime protests 26 anti-Soviet resistance 24 anti-Ukrainian propaganda 18 anti-Western stance 18 Arab Spring 180 archaeological monuments 38-40 architectural memorials 39 Aslund, A. 86nl August election 91, 155 Babaryka, V. 16. 17, 53, 106, 162 Babic, M. 59 Bahdanava, H. 23 Bahdanovich, M. 10 Bekus, N. 138 Belarus: Belarus Golovnogo Mozga 17; Belarus-Russia integration project 33; capitalism in 42; civil protest movement in 51; constitutional identity 7-9; COVID-19 Outbreak 77-78; domestic and foreign policies 194; early 2020s and oil price saga 76-77; early stage of transition 68-69; economic liberalisation 82-84; economic reforms in 81; economic stabilisation and growth 81—82; encyclopaedia 42; foreign historians on genocide laws 26-28; foreign trade in goods composition 76; GDP per capita growth rates 77; geographical features of 42; Great Patriotic War 18-21; gross external debt 75; holocaust and ‘genocide’ 23-26; inflation rate 79; innovation performance of 74; international community and xix; macroeconomic stabilisation 82-83; mortality in 97; national and political symbols 10-12; national identity-building in 147; net external public sector and government debt 75; new business density 73; non profit organisations in 139; nuclearfree zone in 58; political and social implications 50; political
crisis, sanctions and gradual economic fallout 78-81; political symbols xx; post-Soviet history of xix; presidential elections in 136; private sector developments 71-76, 83-84; public debt 80; real GDP growth decomposition 70, 70; real GDP growth rate 78; social support policy 85-86; Soviet Modernity in 43-45; Soviet war memory 35-38; Stalinist killings 22-23; state-owned enterprises 84; states, historians, and concepts of statehood 3-7; State’s Mission 84-85; tensions with Russia, industrial modernisation, and recession 70-71; War Memorials 21-22 Belarusian Academy of Sciences 40 Belarusian anti-authoritarian revolution 173 Belarusian Christian Democracy 23 Belarusian Constitution 127 Belarusian Criminal Code, Art 130 of 24 Belarusian Democratic Republic (BDR) 7 Belarusian Institute for Public Administration Reform and Transformation 151, 152
208 Index Belarusian-language dictionary 42 Belarusian law: criminal law and regime change 118-120; criminal provisions on human trafficking 123-124; participation in extremist organisations 123; proportionality 122; rule oflaw considerations 120-121, 128 Belarusian Ministry of Culture 39 Belarusian national identity 37 Belarusian national movement 4 Belarusian People’s Republic (BNR) 126 Belarusian Popular Front 17 Belarusian Society for Preservation of Historical and Cultural Monuments 40 Belarusian Solidarity Fund 173 Belarusian Soviet Encyclopaedia 41, 42 Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) 19, 39, 183 Belarusian Telegram channels 17 Belarusian Telegraph Agency (BELTA) 26 Berenskoetter, F. 180 Biden, J. 53 Bmdman, E. xxi BIPART surveys 153 Borrell, J. 53 Borys, A. 24 Brezhnev, L. 19, 36 Brookings 93 BSSR Council of Ministers 41 budgetary process 83 Butler, J. 151 #ByCovidl9 137, 186 Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) 6 Bykau, V. 38 By Sol 139 capitalism 42, 69, 170-171 Catholic churches 35, 47n22 Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) 133 Central Election Committee 164 Chagall, M. 11 change, in Belarus: civil society 134-135; in country’s foreign policy choice and geopolitical orientation 51, 57; COVID-19 pandemic 86; criminal law and regime change 118-120; criminal provisions on human trafficking 123124; geopolitical change 55; geopolitical situation 34; judicial system 104; “local” and “personal” levels 51; political crisis 138-141; political structures 157; of political symbols 11; rule of law 124-127; separation of powers in, extremist groups 123;
social change 172 Chernyshova, N. xx Chigrinov, S. 127 Chinese Sinopharm vaccine 94 Christian denominations 4 Chulitskaya, T. xxi civic activism 185, 187 civic community 34, 43 civil partisan resistance xviii Civil Service Bureau 107 civil society' 50, 52, 92, 95; 2020 events 136-138; defined 134-135; political crisis 138-141 civil society organisations (CSOs) 133, 138 Code of the Judicial System 104, 113n5 cohesion 54, 149, 154-157 Cold War 4, 140 Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) 59 Communist Party 20, 117 Communist Party of Belarus (СРВ) 20, 33 Communist rule 21 community of relations 156, 157 COMPASS project xxii complexity thinking xxi, 148, 180, 182 Constitutional Court of Belarus 118, 127 constitutional identity 3, 8 Constitution of Belarus 8, 104 Coordination Council 152 Council for Judicial Reform 109 Council ofEurope 103, 107, 108 COVID-19 xix, xxi, 15, 17, 20, 24, 50, 137, 142, 150, 186, 200; cumulative COVID-19 cases 91, 94-, cumulative COVID-19 deaths 96; economic context 90; economic stagnation 89; excess mortality and mortality 98; mismanagement of 77-78; politics, protests, and public health 93-99; politics and protest 90-92; proportion of deaths 99; vaccination rates against 95 crimes against humanity 11, 118 criminal liability 25, 119 crowdfunding xix, 139, 153, 154 cultural heritage 46 Danilov, A.N. 52 D’Cruz, L. xxi de facto Russian domination 9 democracy xix, 10, 12, 23, 56, 57, 60, 105, 147, 156, 184, 185, 187, 188, 203 democratic mobilization 147
Index démocratisation xviii, 60, 134, 136, 147 Denmark 94 de Vogel, S. 52 dictatorship 7, 9, 17, 204 Diderot, D. 174 digital communication 156 digital revolution 45 disorganized groups 19 Dounar-Zapolski, M. 5 Duchy of Muscovy 4 dvory and miaoraiony 149-151 Dziarzhautsau, Y. 30nl5 Eastern Partnership Initiative (EaP) 51, 60 economic: crime 123; liberalisation 82-84; migration 202; problems 18; transformations 44, 197 Eigenius, G. 11 Encyclopaedia 41 Ermalovich, M. 125 Ethics Council 112 Etkind, A. 36 Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) 51, 83 Euro-Atlantic bloc 60 EuroMaidan Protest Participant Survey 189n4 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 119 European Court of Human Rights (EctHR) 119 EuropeanUnion (EU) xix, 51, 55, 107, 209 freedom of speech 9 Free Trade and Association Agreement 181 Friedman, A. 27 Gapova, E. xxi, 10 GCRF COMPASS project (ES/ P010849/1) 158n3 Gebremariam, A. 54 Gediminas Hill 5 Genocide of the Belarusian People 26 geopolitical disposition 60 Georgia 106-108, 112, 136, 141, 147 Georgian Bar Association 108 German Supreme Court 118 Germany 94, 119 Gerry, C. J. xx G.I. Jane (1997) 176 global financial crisis 71. 90 Global Innovation Index 73 Google 71 government debt 74 ‘government-organized NGOs’ (GONGOs) 141 Grand Duchy of Lithuania 4, 5, 7-9 Great Patriotic War 16, 18-22, 25, 36, 39 Great St Nicholas Church 39 Great Terror victims 36 Greek-Catholic church 4 Greek Lysistrata 165 green-red flag 11 gross external debt 74 181, 200 European war 29 external debt 71, 74, 75 extremist organisation 24, 123, 139 Facebook 162, 189n5 Falkov, Y. 27 female
activists 137, 165 feminist anti-patriarchy poster 169 feudalism 8 financial market 82 Flockhart, T. 180 foreign agents 140 foreign direct investments post-2011 71 foreign policy: 2022 Russia’s War with Ukraine 56-57; geopolitical disposition 57-59; and geopolitical orientation 51; grassroots opposition in 52-54; ‘multi- ' directionality’ in 51; Russia-Belarus bilateral relations 51 fraternization 165 free discretion 122 High Council ofjudges (HCJ) 109 High Council ofJustice of Georgia 106 High Qualification Commission ofjudges (HQCJ) 109 High-Technology Park (HTP) 71 Hong Kong Umbrella Revolution 180 Hrodna Museum of History and Archaeology 40 Hromadske.ua 189n5 human rights 9, 81, 104, 136, 140, 171, 184, 200 human rights organisations 136, 139, 140 lakub Kolas Museum 37 Independent Institute for Socio-Economic and Political Studies (IISEPS) 46 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) industry 71 information politics 134 information technology (IT) sector 170 Instagram 189n5
210 Index Integrity and Ethics Commission (IEC) 110 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 119 international recognition 53 International Relations (IR) xix, 60 international reserves 74 Iraq 18 Iron Age 40 Ishchanka, U. 173 Jacobsson, K. 133 Jewish Holocaust 19, 23, 29 Jews 23, 27 judicial system: in Georgia 105-108; overview of 102-105; in Ukraine 108-111 Kalesnikava, M. 53, 162, 163, 201 Kandratyev, U. 197 Kapuscinski, R. 180 Karbalevich, V. 200 Karyzna, U. 10 Kavalenka, S. 11 Kavaleuski, V. 54 Kazak, L. xxi Kazei, M. 21 key macroeconomics indicators 72, 72 Khamenka, S. 121 Khatyn memorial complex 39 Kirpich, A. 98 Korolczuk, E. 133 Korosteleva, E. xxi, 7, 33, 52, 54, 135, 180, 200 Korosteleva, J. xx, 198 Kotljarchuk, A. xx, 33 Kremlin 199 Kruesmann, T. xxi, 10 Kudlenko, A. xxi, 33 Kupala, Y. 172 Kurapaty 10-11, 23, 28 Kuryan, P. xxi Kuzniatsou, I. 23 labour market 85 Laputska, V. xx Lastouski, V. 5 Law 193-IX 110, 111 Law 1401-VIII 110 Law 1402-VIII 110 Law 1629-IX 111 Law 1635-IX 111 Law against Nazism Rehabilitation 24 law enforcement agencies 138 legal default 199 Lewis, S. 37 Liabedzka, A. 54 Liava, A. 93 liberal democracy 60 Lindner, R. 6 Lisetsky, К 93 Lithuania 141 local self-administration 9 Locke, John 172 Lukashenka, A. xviii, xxi, 9, 11. 16. 28. 33. 50,89,90,117.173,177nl macroeconomic stabilisation 82-83 Macron, E. 53 Makei, U. 18, 29n4 Mamayka, I. 121 Marin, A. 104 market economy 198 Marples, D. xx, 10, 13 Masherau, P. 19, 33 Masherau-era development 35 mass mobilisation 137, 138, 142, 165 mass privatisation 135 Mazurau, K. 19 Middle Ages 40
migration crises 18 Minister ofjustice 121 Minister ofjustice of Ukraine 109 Ministry of Culture 39, 40 Ministry ofjustice 104 Ministry of the Interior 123 Minsk 44; female protester in 166; “Women in White” in 164 Minsk war museum 21 Moshes. A. 136 most-favoured-nation (MFN) status 79 Motolko, A. 202 Motolko Pomogi 17 national flags 203 national identifiers 182 national identity 34 national liberation 4 national white-red-white flag 11, 12 Nazis/Nazism 13, 20; camps 35; ideology 26; occupation forces 20; symbols 26 Neumann, C. xx NEXTA 17, 24 NEXTA Telegram channel 169 Nizhnikau, R. 136 non-governmental organisations 136 non-profit organisations 139 non-Soviet regiments 20 North American countries 134 nuclear energy research 43
Index 211 October Revolution 19, 43 Office of Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya (OST) 54 O’Loughlin, J. 58 Onuch, O. 57-58, 60 Opeykin, A. 198 opposition media channels 12 organisations and initiatives 141 organisations still 141 organised criminal group 123 organised excursions 40 Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe 107 Oxford Belarus Observatory 54 oxygen tanks 92 post-Soviet collective identity 34 post-Soviet state capitalism 170 post-war economic modernisation 35 Prakopieu, V. 173 Pratasevich, R. 17 presidential elections 11 Principality of Polatsk 8 private sector developments 71-76 protective integration 58 protest: activism 151; mobilization 170; movement 34, 52 provocations 17-18 public debt 79, 80, 82-83 Pushkin, A. 24 Putin, V. 58, 196, 200 Pahonia 10 parliamentarism 9 Partyzanskaya metro station 21 Pazniak, Z. 23 pension system reform 85 peoplehood 33; 2020 protest movement 52, 54; anti-authoritarian uprising and political subjectivity 172-173; Belarusian context 135-136; Belarusian state-political model 196-204; civil society 134-138; evolution of identity in Ukraine 181-185; local support infrastructure and power of self organisation 185-187; political crisis 138-141; Revolutions of Dignity 179-181; self-organization in Belarus 149-157; self-organization without central control 148-149; women’s mobilization in 162-169; women's political agents 174-176 Pershai, A. 46 personal dignity 9 personal protective equipment (PPE) 92 Petrova, I. xxi, 7, 33, 52, 135, 180, 200 Pliakhimovich, I. 127 Poczobut, A. 24 Poland 96, 141 Poles 23 police’s harassment 151
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 4-6. 9, 125 Polish minority, in Belarus 24 political: climate 34; crisis 17; discrimination 7; institutions 5, 149; liberalisation 136; parties 17; prisoners 13, 18, 152, 172, 185; refugees 202; rights 175; symbols 3; system 134 post-Communist transition 146-147 post-Soviet Belarusian identity 35 Rabochyi Ruh (Workers’ Movement) 139 Radaman, A. xx Radbruch formula 120 red-green flag 11 repression 117, 118, 138-140, 142, 151, 157, 169. 183, 188. 189, 202; criminal liability for 119; foreign policy choice 59; political opponents 135; violence and 16 Research and Development (R D) 73, 170 resilience 36, 38, 117, 176, 179, 180, 187, 195 Revolution of Dignity in Ukraine xxi, 182, 185, 188 revolution of indignation 180, 185, 186, 189 Reynolds, C. 148 right to vote 11 Rikhter, K. 54 Rose Revolution 105 Rotman, D.G. 52 Rozovsky, L. 27 rule of law 4 Russia: Belarus-Russia integration project 33; Russian nuclear forces 58; Russian Orthodox Church 4; Russian Sputnik vaccine 94; Russian-Ukrainian war 82, 140, 142; war crimes in Ukraine xix Sadiki, L. 180 Sakalouski, N. 10 Sasse, G. 57-58, 60 Second World War 16, 24 self-justification 18 self-organization 147, 148; alignment 152-153; cohesion 154-157; dvory and microraiony 149-151; political change 146; political institutions 149; separation 151-152 Serheyenka, I. 25 Shadurski, V. xx, xxii
212 Index Shelest, Oksana 172 Shved, A. 26 Sierakowski, S. 92 Silitski, V. 128n3 Skaryna, F. 45 Slabodchikava, A. / 63 smart migration policies 85 Smilovitsky, L. 22, 23, 27, 28 social/societal: anxiety 151; class 50; cohesion 134, 135; contestation movements 146; contract 33, 45; distancing 92; equality 4; groups 3; identity xix; media 186; mobilisation xix; mobility 9; movements 133-135, 137; networks 202; resilience xviii, 117, 187; self-organization 147; Social Democratic Party 17; solidarity 92 Society for Preservation of Historical and Cultural Monuments 39 socio-demographic groups 158n3 socio-political transformation 142 sovereignty xx Soviet Belarusian identity 35 Soviet historiography 6 Soviet national symbols 44 Soviet Union 19, 21, 41, 102, 117 Spasso-Preobrazhenskaia Church 41 Stalin 19, 21 State Building Committee 40 state capitalism 69 state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 55, 84, 90 state repression 135 state-society relations xix state violence xix Supreme Council of the 12th convocation 197 Syria 18 Tarrow, S. 134 tax evasions 83 Telegram 24, 35, 117, 138, 189n5 Temporary Commission 109 terrorism 27 Tikhanousky, S. 53 Tilly, C. 134 Toal, G. 58 Tomb of the Unknown Soldier 21 Transnational Organized Crime 124 Treisman, D. 136 Tsapkala, V. 16, 17, 53, 162 Tsepkala, V. 162, 163 Tsikhanouskaya, S. 16, 53-57, 59, 60, 93, 112, 162, 163, 174, 175, 183, 201. 203 Tsikhanouski, S. 17 Tsoy, V. 172 Ukraine 108, 147; community structures 186; democracy, fairness, and freedom 184; evolution of identity in 181-185; peoplehood in 187-189; power of self-organisation 185-187;
Revolution of Dignity 188; self-organization 185; Ukraine-EU relations 182 Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) 183 Ukrainian Revolution of Dignity 182, 188 Ukrainska Pravda.com.ua 189n5 United Civil Party 17 United Nations Convention 124 United Nations’ International Court of Justice 12 United Nations Security Council 53 United States 200 United States Agency for International Development 107 UN Protocol 124 urban skilled professionals 170 USSR: constitutions 126; ethnic groups 44 vaccination 95 Venice Commission 106, 107, 109, 111 Viachorka, F. 54 Viasna 12, 105, 136, 139 War Memorials 21-22 wartime losses 28 Western Belarus 23 Western European countries 134 white-red-white flags 12, 17, 22, 26, 27 women: anti-authoritarian uprising and political subjectivity 172-173; deconstructing protest 169-171; feminist anti-patriarchy poster 169; feminist slogans and groups 168; human rights organizations 169; mass mobilization and gendered performance 165-169; movement xxi; physical and sexual violence 168; political agents 173-176; political subjectivity 176; Women’s Marches 137 World Bank 107 World Health Organisation xix, 91 World justice Project Rule of Law Index 105, 108 World War I 4 World War II 34, 184 Young Front 23 YouTube 162, 173, 189n5 Zheng, H. xx Zhurauleu, A. 173 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Mönchen |
| adam_txt |
Contents List of Illustrations List of Contributors Foreword Introduction ix xi xvii xviii ELENA KOROSTELEVA, IRINA PETROVA, AND ANASTASIIA KUDLENKO PART I History, Identity, and Politics Revisited 1 The Political Symbols and Concepts of Statehood in the Modem History of Belams 1 3 ANDREJ KOTLJARCHUK. ANDREJ RADAMAN. AND ELENA SINITSYNA 2 The ‘Genocide of Belarusians’ and the Survival of Lukashenka’s Regime 16 DAVID R. MARPLES AND VERANIKA LAPUTSKA 3 The Soviet Roots of the 2020 Protests: The Unlikely History of Belarusian Civic Nationalism 33 NATALYA CHERNYSHOVA 4 Foreign Policy Manifestations of Belarus’ 2020 Protest Movement: In-betweenness as Usual? ■ 50 HUAWEI ZHENG PART II Socio-Economic and Institutional Landscapes 5 Stolen Decades: The Unfulfilled Expectations of the Belarusian Economic Miracle ALEŚ ALACHNOVIČ AND JULIA KOROSTELEVA 65 67
viii Contents 6 COVID-19 in Belarus: Politics, Protests, and Public Health 89 CHRISTOPHER], GERRY AND CORA NEUMANN 7 The Belarusian Judicial System: What Can We Learn from Georgia and Ukraine’s Straggle for the Independent Judiciary? 102 LIUDMILA D’CRUZ, LIUDMILA KAZAK, AND PAVEL KURYAN 8 Belarusian Law as an Agent of Change 117 THOMAS KRUESSMANN AND ANNA Տ. PART HI Reclaiming Public Space and Fostering Peoplehood 9 Social Movements and Political Change in Belarus in 2020 and After 131 133 TATSIANA CHULITSKAYA AND ELEANOR BINDMAN 10 Societal Self-Organization in Belarus Post-2020: The Rise of Peoplehood 146 ELENA KOROSTELEVA AND IRINA PETROVA 11 Activating and Negotiating Women’s Citizenship in the 2020 Belarusian Uprising 161 ELENA GAPOVA 12 Tracing the Emergence of Peoplehood in Belarus and Ukraine: A Comparative Study 179 ANASTASI IA KUDLENKO 13 Where Does Belarus Go from Here? 193 VICTOR SHADURSKI Index 207
Index 1918 Belarusian National Republic 183 Abetsedarski, L.S. 6 Academy of Management 197 Ackerman, F. 24, 26, 27 Adamovich, A. 36 Alachnovic, A. xx, 54, 198 All-Belarusian People’s Assembly 105 Amnesty International 105, 140 Anna, S. xxi, 10 anti-EU 13 anti-globalist 13 anti-regime protests 26 anti-Soviet resistance 24 anti-Ukrainian propaganda 18 anti-Western stance 18 Arab Spring 180 archaeological monuments 38-40 architectural memorials 39 Aslund, A. 86nl August election 91, 155 Babaryka, V. 16. 17, 53, 106, 162 Babic, M. 59 Bahdanava, H. 23 Bahdanovich, M. 10 Bekus, N. 138 Belarus: Belarus Golovnogo Mozga 17; Belarus-Russia integration project 33; capitalism in 42; civil protest movement in 51; constitutional identity 7-9; COVID-19 Outbreak 77-78; domestic and foreign policies 194; early 2020s and oil price saga 76-77; early stage of transition 68-69; economic liberalisation 82-84; economic reforms in 81; economic stabilisation and growth 81—82; encyclopaedia 42; foreign historians on genocide laws 26-28; foreign trade in goods composition 76; GDP per capita growth rates 77; geographical features of 42; Great Patriotic War 18-21; gross external debt 75; holocaust and ‘genocide’ 23-26; inflation rate 79; innovation performance of 74; international community and xix; macroeconomic stabilisation 82-83; mortality in 97; national and political symbols 10-12; national identity-building in 147; net external public sector and government debt 75; new business density 73; non profit organisations in 139; nuclearfree zone in 58; political and social implications 50; political
crisis, sanctions and gradual economic fallout 78-81; political symbols xx; post-Soviet history of xix; presidential elections in 136; private sector developments 71-76, 83-84; public debt 80; real GDP growth decomposition 70, 70; real GDP growth rate 78; social support policy 85-86; Soviet Modernity in 43-45; Soviet war memory 35-38; Stalinist killings 22-23; state-owned enterprises 84; states, historians, and concepts of statehood 3-7; State’s Mission 84-85; tensions with Russia, industrial modernisation, and recession 70-71; War Memorials 21-22 Belarusian Academy of Sciences 40 Belarusian anti-authoritarian revolution 173 Belarusian Christian Democracy 23 Belarusian Constitution 127 Belarusian Criminal Code, Art 130 of 24 Belarusian Democratic Republic (BDR) 7 Belarusian Institute for Public Administration Reform and Transformation 151, 152
208 Index Belarusian-language dictionary 42 Belarusian law: criminal law and regime change 118-120; criminal provisions on human trafficking 123-124; participation in extremist organisations 123; proportionality 122; rule oflaw considerations 120-121, 128 Belarusian Ministry of Culture 39 Belarusian national identity 37 Belarusian national movement 4 Belarusian People’s Republic (BNR) 126 Belarusian Popular Front 17 Belarusian Society for Preservation of Historical and Cultural Monuments 40 Belarusian Solidarity Fund 173 Belarusian Soviet Encyclopaedia 41, 42 Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) 19, 39, 183 Belarusian Telegram channels 17 Belarusian Telegraph Agency (BELTA) 26 Berenskoetter, F. 180 Biden, J. 53 Bmdman, E. xxi BIPART surveys 153 Borrell, J. 53 Borys, A. 24 Brezhnev, L. 19, 36 Brookings 93 BSSR Council of Ministers 41 budgetary process 83 Butler, J. 151 #ByCovidl9 137, 186 Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) 6 Bykau, V. 38 By Sol 139 capitalism 42, 69, 170-171 Catholic churches 35, 47n22 Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) 133 Central Election Committee 164 Chagall, M. 11 change, in Belarus: civil society 134-135; in country’s foreign policy choice and geopolitical orientation 51, 57; COVID-19 pandemic 86; criminal law and regime change 118-120; criminal provisions on human trafficking 123124; geopolitical change 55; geopolitical situation 34; judicial system 104; “local” and “personal” levels 51; political crisis 138-141; political structures 157; of political symbols 11; rule of law 124-127; separation of powers in, extremist groups 123;
social change 172 Chernyshova, N. xx Chigrinov, S. 127 Chinese Sinopharm vaccine 94 Christian denominations 4 Chulitskaya, T. xxi civic activism 185, 187 civic community 34, 43 civil partisan resistance xviii Civil Service Bureau 107 civil society' 50, 52, 92, 95; 2020 events 136-138; defined 134-135; political crisis 138-141 civil society organisations (CSOs) 133, 138 Code of the Judicial System 104, 113n5 cohesion 54, 149, 154-157 Cold War 4, 140 Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) 59 Communist Party 20, 117 Communist Party of Belarus (СРВ) 20, 33 Communist rule 21 community of relations 156, 157 COMPASS project xxii complexity thinking xxi, 148, 180, 182 Constitutional Court of Belarus 118, 127 constitutional identity 3, 8 Constitution of Belarus 8, 104 Coordination Council 152 Council for Judicial Reform 109 Council ofEurope 103, 107, 108 COVID-19 xix, xxi, 15, 17, 20, 24, 50, 137, 142, 150, 186, 200; cumulative COVID-19 cases 91, 94-, cumulative COVID-19 deaths 96; economic context 90; economic stagnation 89; excess mortality and mortality 98; mismanagement of 77-78; politics, protests, and public health 93-99; politics and protest 90-92; proportion of deaths 99; vaccination rates against 95 crimes against humanity 11, 118 criminal liability 25, 119 crowdfunding xix, 139, 153, 154 cultural heritage 46 Danilov, A.N. 52 D’Cruz, L. xxi de facto Russian domination 9 democracy xix, 10, 12, 23, 56, 57, 60, 105, 147, 156, 184, 185, 187, 188, 203 democratic mobilization 147
Index démocratisation xviii, 60, 134, 136, 147 Denmark 94 de Vogel, S. 52 dictatorship 7, 9, 17, 204 Diderot, D. 174 digital communication 156 digital revolution 45 disorganized groups 19 Dounar-Zapolski, M. 5 Duchy of Muscovy 4 dvory and miaoraiony 149-151 Dziarzhautsau, Y. 30nl5 Eastern Partnership Initiative (EaP) 51, 60 economic: crime 123; liberalisation 82-84; migration 202; problems 18; transformations 44, 197 Eigenius, G. 11 Encyclopaedia 41 Ermalovich, M. 125 Ethics Council 112 Etkind, A. 36 Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) 51, 83 Euro-Atlantic bloc 60 EuroMaidan Protest Participant Survey 189n4 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 119 European Court of Human Rights (EctHR) 119 EuropeanUnion (EU) xix, 51, 55, 107, 209 freedom of speech 9 Free Trade and Association Agreement 181 Friedman, A. 27 Gapova, E. xxi, 10 GCRF COMPASS project (ES/ P010849/1) 158n3 Gebremariam, A. 54 Gediminas Hill 5 Genocide of the Belarusian People 26 geopolitical disposition 60 Georgia 106-108, 112, 136, 141, 147 Georgian Bar Association 108 German Supreme Court 118 Germany 94, 119 Gerry, C. J. xx G.I. Jane (1997) 176 global financial crisis 71. 90 Global Innovation Index 73 Google 71 government debt 74 ‘government-organized NGOs’ (GONGOs) 141 Grand Duchy of Lithuania 4, 5, 7-9 Great Patriotic War 16, 18-22, 25, 36, 39 Great St Nicholas Church 39 Great Terror victims 36 Greek-Catholic church 4 Greek Lysistrata 165 green-red flag 11 gross external debt 74 181, 200 European war 29 external debt 71, 74, 75 extremist organisation 24, 123, 139 Facebook 162, 189n5 Falkov, Y. 27 female
activists 137, 165 feminist anti-patriarchy poster 169 feudalism 8 financial market 82 Flockhart, T. 180 foreign agents 140 foreign direct investments post-2011 71 foreign policy: 2022 Russia’s War with Ukraine 56-57; geopolitical disposition 57-59; and geopolitical orientation 51; grassroots opposition in 52-54; ‘multi- ' directionality’ in 51; Russia-Belarus bilateral relations 51 fraternization 165 free discretion 122 High Council ofjudges (HCJ) 109 High Council ofJustice of Georgia 106 High Qualification Commission ofjudges (HQCJ) 109 High-Technology Park (HTP) 71 Hong Kong Umbrella Revolution 180 Hrodna Museum of History and Archaeology 40 Hromadske.ua 189n5 human rights 9, 81, 104, 136, 140, 171, 184, 200 human rights organisations 136, 139, 140 lakub Kolas Museum 37 Independent Institute for Socio-Economic and Political Studies (IISEPS) 46 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) industry 71 information politics 134 information technology (IT) sector 170 Instagram 189n5
210 Index Integrity and Ethics Commission (IEC) 110 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 119 international recognition 53 International Relations (IR) xix, 60 international reserves 74 Iraq 18 Iron Age 40 Ishchanka, U. 173 Jacobsson, K. 133 Jewish Holocaust 19, 23, 29 Jews 23, 27 judicial system: in Georgia 105-108; overview of 102-105; in Ukraine 108-111 Kalesnikava, M. 53, 162, 163, 201 Kandratyev, U. 197 Kapuscinski, R. 180 Karbalevich, V. 200 Karyzna, U. 10 Kavalenka, S. 11 Kavaleuski, V. 54 Kazak, L. xxi Kazei, M. 21 key macroeconomics indicators 72, 72 Khamenka, S. 121 Khatyn memorial complex 39 Kirpich, A. 98 Korolczuk, E. 133 Korosteleva, E. xxi, 7, 33, 52, 54, 135, 180, 200 Korosteleva, J. xx, 198 Kotljarchuk, A. xx, 33 Kremlin 199 Kruesmann, T. xxi, 10 Kudlenko, A. xxi, 33 Kupala, Y. 172 Kurapaty 10-11, 23, 28 Kuryan, P. xxi Kuzniatsou, I. 23 labour market 85 Laputska, V. xx Lastouski, V. 5 Law 193-IX 110, 111 Law 1401-VIII 110 Law 1402-VIII 110 Law 1629-IX 111 Law 1635-IX 111 Law against Nazism Rehabilitation 24 law enforcement agencies 138 legal default 199 Lewis, S. 37 Liabedzka, A. 54 Liava, A. 93 liberal democracy 60 Lindner, R. 6 Lisetsky, К 93 Lithuania 141 local self-administration 9 Locke, John 172 Lukashenka, A. xviii, xxi, 9, 11. 16. 28. 33. 50,89,90,117.173,177nl macroeconomic stabilisation 82-83 Macron, E. 53 Makei, U. 18, 29n4 Mamayka, I. 121 Marin, A. 104 market economy 198 Marples, D. xx, 10, 13 Masherau, P. 19, 33 Masherau-era development 35 mass mobilisation 137, 138, 142, 165 mass privatisation 135 Mazurau, K. 19 Middle Ages 40
migration crises 18 Minister ofjustice 121 Minister ofjustice of Ukraine 109 Ministry of Culture 39, 40 Ministry ofjustice 104 Ministry of the Interior 123 Minsk 44; female protester in 166; “Women in White” in 164 Minsk war museum 21 Moshes. A. 136 most-favoured-nation (MFN) status 79 Motolko, A. 202 Motolko Pomogi 17 national flags 203 national identifiers 182 national identity 34 national liberation 4 national white-red-white flag 11, 12 Nazis/Nazism 13, 20; camps 35; ideology 26; occupation forces 20; symbols 26 Neumann, C. xx NEXTA 17, 24 NEXTA Telegram channel 169 Nizhnikau, R. 136 non-governmental organisations 136 non-profit organisations 139 non-Soviet regiments 20 North American countries 134 nuclear energy research 43
Index 211 October Revolution 19, 43 Office of Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya (OST) 54 O’Loughlin, J. 58 Onuch, O. 57-58, 60 Opeykin, A. 198 opposition media channels 12 organisations and initiatives 141 organisations still 141 organised criminal group 123 organised excursions 40 Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe 107 Oxford Belarus Observatory 54 oxygen tanks 92 post-Soviet collective identity 34 post-Soviet state capitalism 170 post-war economic modernisation 35 Prakopieu, V. 173 Pratasevich, R. 17 presidential elections 11 Principality of Polatsk 8 private sector developments 71-76 protective integration 58 protest: activism 151; mobilization 170; movement 34, 52 provocations 17-18 public debt 79, 80, 82-83 Pushkin, A. 24 Putin, V. 58, 196, 200 Pahonia 10 parliamentarism 9 Partyzanskaya metro station 21 Pazniak, Z. 23 pension system reform 85 peoplehood 33; 2020 protest movement 52, 54; anti-authoritarian uprising and political subjectivity 172-173; Belarusian context 135-136; Belarusian state-political model 196-204; civil society 134-138; evolution of identity in Ukraine 181-185; local support infrastructure and power of self organisation 185-187; political crisis 138-141; Revolutions of Dignity 179-181; self-organization in Belarus 149-157; self-organization without central control 148-149; women’s mobilization in 162-169; women's political agents 174-176 Pershai, A. 46 personal dignity 9 personal protective equipment (PPE) 92 Petrova, I. xxi, 7, 33, 52, 135, 180, 200 Pliakhimovich, I. 127 Poczobut, A. 24 Poland 96, 141 Poles 23 police’s harassment 151
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 4-6. 9, 125 Polish minority, in Belarus 24 political: climate 34; crisis 17; discrimination 7; institutions 5, 149; liberalisation 136; parties 17; prisoners 13, 18, 152, 172, 185; refugees 202; rights 175; symbols 3; system 134 post-Communist transition 146-147 post-Soviet Belarusian identity 35 Rabochyi Ruh (Workers’ Movement) 139 Radaman, A. xx Radbruch formula 120 red-green flag 11 repression 117, 118, 138-140, 142, 151, 157, 169. 183, 188. 189, 202; criminal liability for 119; foreign policy choice 59; political opponents 135; violence and 16 Research and Development (R D) 73, 170 resilience 36, 38, 117, 176, 179, 180, 187, 195 Revolution of Dignity in Ukraine xxi, 182, 185, 188 revolution of indignation 180, 185, 186, 189 Reynolds, C. 148 right to vote 11 Rikhter, K. 54 Rose Revolution 105 Rotman, D.G. 52 Rozovsky, L. 27 rule of law 4 Russia: Belarus-Russia integration project 33; Russian nuclear forces 58; Russian Orthodox Church 4; Russian Sputnik vaccine 94; Russian-Ukrainian war 82, 140, 142; war crimes in Ukraine xix Sadiki, L. 180 Sakalouski, N. 10 Sasse, G. 57-58, 60 Second World War 16, 24 self-justification 18 self-organization 147, 148; alignment 152-153; cohesion 154-157; dvory and microraiony 149-151; political change 146; political institutions 149; separation 151-152 Serheyenka, I. 25 Shadurski, V. xx, xxii
212 Index Shelest, Oksana 172 Shved, A. 26 Sierakowski, S. 92 Silitski, V. 128n3 Skaryna, F. 45 Slabodchikava, A. / 63 smart migration policies 85 Smilovitsky, L. 22, 23, 27, 28 social/societal: anxiety 151; class 50; cohesion 134, 135; contestation movements 146; contract 33, 45; distancing 92; equality 4; groups 3; identity xix; media 186; mobilisation xix; mobility 9; movements 133-135, 137; networks 202; resilience xviii, 117, 187; self-organization 147; Social Democratic Party 17; solidarity 92 Society for Preservation of Historical and Cultural Monuments 39 socio-demographic groups 158n3 socio-political transformation 142 sovereignty xx Soviet Belarusian identity 35 Soviet historiography 6 Soviet national symbols 44 Soviet Union 19, 21, 41, 102, 117 Spasso-Preobrazhenskaia Church 41 Stalin 19, 21 State Building Committee 40 state capitalism 69 state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 55, 84, 90 state repression 135 state-society relations xix state violence xix Supreme Council of the 12th convocation 197 Syria 18 Tarrow, S. 134 tax evasions 83 Telegram 24, 35, 117, 138, 189n5 Temporary Commission 109 terrorism 27 Tikhanousky, S. 53 Tilly, C. 134 Toal, G. 58 Tomb of the Unknown Soldier 21 Transnational Organized Crime 124 Treisman, D. 136 Tsapkala, V. 16, 17, 53, 162 Tsepkala, V. 162, 163 Tsikhanouskaya, S. 16, 53-57, 59, 60, 93, 112, 162, 163, 174, 175, 183, 201. 203 Tsikhanouski, S. 17 Tsoy, V. 172 Ukraine 108, 147; community structures 186; democracy, fairness, and freedom 184; evolution of identity in 181-185; peoplehood in 187-189; power of self-organisation 185-187;
Revolution of Dignity 188; self-organization 185; Ukraine-EU relations 182 Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) 183 Ukrainian Revolution of Dignity 182, 188 Ukrainska Pravda.com.ua 189n5 United Civil Party 17 United Nations Convention 124 United Nations’ International Court of Justice 12 United Nations Security Council 53 United States 200 United States Agency for International Development 107 UN Protocol 124 urban skilled professionals 170 USSR: constitutions 126; ethnic groups 44 vaccination 95 Venice Commission 106, 107, 109, 111 Viachorka, F. 54 Viasna 12, 105, 136, 139 War Memorials 21-22 wartime losses 28 Western Belarus 23 Western European countries 134 white-red-white flags 12, 17, 22, 26, 27 women: anti-authoritarian uprising and political subjectivity 172-173; deconstructing protest 169-171; feminist anti-patriarchy poster 169; feminist slogans and groups 168; human rights organizations 169; mass mobilization and gendered performance 165-169; movement xxi; physical and sexual violence 168; political agents 173-176; political subjectivity 176; Women’s Marches 137 World Bank 107 World Health Organisation xix, 91 World justice Project Rule of Law Index 105, 108 World War I 4 World War II 34, 184 Young Front 23 YouTube 162, 173, 189n5 Zheng, H. xx Zhurauleu, A. 173 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Mönchen |
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| author2 | Korosteleva, Elena 1972- Petrova, Irina Kudlenko, Anastasiia |
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| discipline | Politologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Politologie |
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| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Belarus (DE-588)4079143-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Belarus |
| id | DE-604.BV049016046 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T22:12:49Z |
| indexdate | 2024-11-25T11:11:46Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781032318059 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034279020 |
| oclc_num | 1401182491 |
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| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| physical | xxiii, 212 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20231206 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | BASEES/Routledge series on Russian and East European studies |
| spelling | Belarus in the twenty-first century between dictatorship and democracy edited by Elena Korosteleva, Irina Petrova, and Anastasiia Kudlenko Belarus in the 21st century London ; New York Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2023 xxiii, 212 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier BASEES/Routledge series on Russian and East European studies "This book presents a comprehensive overview of current developments in Belarus. It explores how there has been an upswelling of popular support for the idea that Belarus must change. It highlights how the old regime, aiming to retain the Soviet legacy, reluctant to reform, presiding over worsening economic conditions and refusing to take measures to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, has been confronted by increasing bottom-up social mobilisation which demands a transformation of state-society relations and a new sense of Belarusian peoplehood. The book outlines how the current situation has developed, considers how the present demands for change are deep seated and long brewing trends, and reveals much detail about many aspects of the growing societal mobilisation. Overall, the book demonstrates that, although the old regime remains in power, Belarusian society has changed fundamentally, thereby bringing great hope that change will eventually come about" Belarus (DE-588)4079143-9 gnd rswk-swf Belarus / Social conditions / 1991- Belarus / Economic conditions / 1991- Social change / Belarus / History / 21st century COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020- / Belarus / Influence Economic history Influence (Literary, artistic, etc.) Social change Social conditions Belarus Since 1991 History (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Belarus (DE-588)4079143-9 g DE-604 Korosteleva, Elena 1972- (DE-588)1027015778 edt Petrova, Irina (DE-588)1173833978 edt Kudlenko, Anastasiia (DE-588)1294091905 edt Äquivalent Druck-Ausgabe, Paperback 978-1-03-231806-6 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-00-331145-4 (DE-604)BV049023645 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034279020&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034279020&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Belarus in the twenty-first century between dictatorship and democracy |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4079143-9 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Belarus in the twenty-first century between dictatorship and democracy |
| title_alt | Belarus in the 21st century |
| title_auth | Belarus in the twenty-first century between dictatorship and democracy |
| title_exact_search | Belarus in the twenty-first century between dictatorship and democracy |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Belarus in the twenty-first century between dictatorship and democracy |
| title_full | Belarus in the twenty-first century between dictatorship and democracy edited by Elena Korosteleva, Irina Petrova, and Anastasiia Kudlenko |
| title_fullStr | Belarus in the twenty-first century between dictatorship and democracy edited by Elena Korosteleva, Irina Petrova, and Anastasiia Kudlenko |
| title_full_unstemmed | Belarus in the twenty-first century between dictatorship and democracy edited by Elena Korosteleva, Irina Petrova, and Anastasiia Kudlenko |
| title_short | Belarus in the twenty-first century |
| title_sort | belarus in the twenty first century between dictatorship and democracy |
| title_sub | between dictatorship and democracy |
| topic_facet | Belarus Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034279020&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034279020&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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