Physics behind music: an introduction
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Cambridge University Press
2023
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xiii, 405 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781108948708 9781108844659 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents Preface 1 Introduction What Is Music? What Is Physics? Describing Quantities Prefixes and Scientific Notation Summary Additional Reading Problems 2 Frequency and Rates Frequency Rates Musical Intervals The Notes on a Musical Keyboard Logarithms and the Log Scale Summary Additional Reading Problems 3 The Notes We Use Scales Chords Pythagoras’s Monochord Beats Temperaments Nice Chords Summary Additional Reading Problems 4 The Frequency Domain and Pitch The Fourier Series page xi 1 4 5 7 8 12 13 13 15 15 17 20 21 23 25 26 26 28 28 31 32 33 37 41 42 42 43 45 46 v
vi Contents Spectra How a Fourier Transform Works (Optional) Spectral Resolution and Range Pitch Summary Additional Reading Problems ; 5 Harmonic Oscillators and Resonance Newton’s Laws and Gravity Gravity Near the Surface of the Earth Hooke’s Law for Springs The Harmonic Oscillator The Driven Harmonic Oscillator — Resonance Quality Factor Sympathetic Resonances Fictitious Forces and Physics Demonstrations (Optional) Summary Additional Reading Problems 6 String Theory The Frequency of Vibration for a String Under Tension String Resonances Standing Waves The Plucked String End Conditions Quality Factor Summary Additional Reading Problems 7 Normal Modes Indexing the Modes Chimes Vibrations in Two Dimensions Degeneracies Bells and Other Shapes Torsional Modes Visualizing Node Lines Summary 49 57 59 59 65 65 65 67 67 70 71 73 81 85 87 89 91 92 92 94 94 98 101 104 106 109 110 111 111 114 114 117 127 131 137 138 139 140
Contents Additional Reading Problems 8 Traveling Waves Motion of a Pulse Mathematical Description of Traveling Waves Traveling and Standing Waves Polarization Traveling Waves Transport Energy Dispersion Summary Additional Reading Problems 9 The Uncertainty Principle Wave Pulses Attack and Release ADSR-aModel Spectrographs Phase Shifts and Transients Summary Additional Reading Problems 10 Nonlinear Physics Linear Problems What Makes a Problem Nonlinear? Friction The Stick-Slip Mechanism Back to the Swing Reed Instruments Simplified Playing in Tune Mode Locking Chaos (Optional) Summary Additional Reading Problems 11 Classical Gases The Elements Isotopes vii 140 141 143 144 145 151 154 155 156 157 158 158 161 162 165 166 166 167 168 169 169 171 171 172 174 176 178 180 184 185 186 188 188 188 190 191 194
viii Contents Molecules States of Matter Air Temperature and Kinetic Energy Impulse Pressure Ideal Gas Law Examples Pressure for Wind Instruments Summary Additional Reading Problems 196 197 198 199 201 203 206 208 209 210 210 12 The Speed of Sound in a Gas 212 Measured Values Adiabatic Processes The “Springiness” of a Gas The Adiabatic Exponent Speed of Sound Summary Additional Reading Problems 212 214 217 221 223 228 228 228 13 Sounds We Hear Fluid Mechanics Sound Waves Are Longitudinal The Amplitude of Sound Combining Signals Summary Additional Reading Problems 14 Sound in Pipes Impedance Sound in Air-Filled Pipes Pipes with Holes More Complicated Pipe Resonances Losses Derivation of R and T (Optional) Summary Additional Reading Problems 230 230 232 233 238 240 240 241 242 243 245 254 259 265 265 266 267 267
Contents 15 Sound in Three Dimensions Isotropic and Point Sources More Complicated Sources The Inverse Square Law Echoes and Reverberation Room Features of Note The Cocktail Party Effect Summary Additional Reading Problems 16 Interference, Diffraction, and Diffusion Interference Diffraction Diffusion Summary Additional Reading Problems ix 269 269 270 278 280 287 289 292 293 293 295 295 299 301 307 308 308 17 Faraday's Laws of Induction 310 Properties of Magnets The Magnetic Field Magnetic Materials Nonmagnetic Materials Electromagnets The Electric Guitar Pickup Transformers (Optional) Summary Additional Reading Problems 310 312 314 318 319 324 326 327 328 328 18 RC Time Constants Electric Fields Conductors and Insulators Electrostatic Discharge (Optional) Capacitors Resistors Circuit Diagrams RC Time Constants Condenser and Electret Microphones 330 330 333 334 335 338 339 339 344
x Contents Microphone Sensitivity (Optional) Summary Additional Reading Problems 345 347 348 348 19 Physics and Recording Technology 350 Physical Media Magnetic Recording Optical Media Digital Storage and Playback Summary Additional Reading Problems 351 355 361 367 374 375 375 20 Electronics and Music Electronic Effects Making Music with Electronics Electronic Synthesis Interfaces Concluding Remarks Summary Additional Material Problems Appendices Appendix A Mathematics I. Exponents and Standard International (SI) Unit Prefixes II. Some Mathematical Properties ПІ. The Summation Symbol Appendix В Greek Alphabet Appendix C Note Frequencies Appendix D Answers to Selected Problems Index 376 376 380 384 386 387 387 388 388 390 390 390 392 397 398 399 401 403 |
| adam_txt |
Contents Preface 1 Introduction What Is Music? What Is Physics? Describing Quantities Prefixes and Scientific Notation Summary Additional Reading Problems 2 Frequency and Rates Frequency Rates Musical Intervals The Notes on a Musical Keyboard Logarithms and the Log Scale Summary Additional Reading Problems 3 The Notes We Use Scales Chords Pythagoras’s Monochord Beats Temperaments Nice Chords Summary Additional Reading Problems 4 The Frequency Domain and Pitch The Fourier Series page xi 1 4 5 7 8 12 13 13 15 15 17 20 21 23 25 26 26 28 28 31 32 33 37 41 42 42 43 45 46 v
vi Contents Spectra How a Fourier Transform Works (Optional) Spectral Resolution and Range Pitch Summary Additional Reading Problems ; 5 Harmonic Oscillators and Resonance Newton’s Laws and Gravity Gravity Near the Surface of the Earth Hooke’s Law for Springs The Harmonic Oscillator The Driven Harmonic Oscillator — Resonance Quality Factor Sympathetic Resonances Fictitious Forces and Physics Demonstrations (Optional) Summary Additional Reading Problems 6 String Theory The Frequency of Vibration for a String Under Tension String Resonances Standing Waves The Plucked String End Conditions Quality Factor Summary Additional Reading Problems 7 Normal Modes Indexing the Modes Chimes Vibrations in Two Dimensions Degeneracies Bells and Other Shapes Torsional Modes Visualizing Node Lines Summary 49 57 59 59 65 65 65 67 67 70 71 73 81 85 87 89 91 92 92 94 94 98 101 104 106 109 110 111 111 114 114 117 127 131 137 138 139 140
Contents Additional Reading Problems 8 Traveling Waves Motion of a Pulse Mathematical Description of Traveling Waves Traveling and Standing Waves Polarization Traveling Waves Transport Energy Dispersion Summary Additional Reading Problems 9 The Uncertainty Principle Wave Pulses Attack and Release ADSR-aModel Spectrographs Phase Shifts and Transients Summary Additional Reading Problems 10 Nonlinear Physics Linear Problems What Makes a Problem Nonlinear? Friction The Stick-Slip Mechanism Back to the Swing Reed Instruments Simplified Playing in Tune Mode Locking Chaos (Optional) Summary Additional Reading Problems 11 Classical Gases The Elements Isotopes vii 140 141 143 144 145 151 154 155 156 157 158 158 161 162 165 166 166 167 168 169 169 171 171 172 174 176 178 180 184 185 186 188 188 188 190 191 194
viii Contents Molecules States of Matter Air Temperature and Kinetic Energy Impulse Pressure Ideal Gas Law Examples Pressure for Wind Instruments Summary Additional Reading Problems 196 197 198 199 201 203 206 208 209 210 210 12 The Speed of Sound in a Gas 212 Measured Values Adiabatic Processes The “Springiness” of a Gas The Adiabatic Exponent Speed of Sound Summary Additional Reading Problems 212 214 217 221 223 228 228 228 13 Sounds We Hear Fluid Mechanics Sound Waves Are Longitudinal The Amplitude of Sound Combining Signals Summary Additional Reading Problems 14 Sound in Pipes Impedance Sound in Air-Filled Pipes Pipes with Holes More Complicated Pipe Resonances Losses Derivation of R and T (Optional) Summary Additional Reading Problems 230 230 232 233 238 240 240 241 242 243 245 254 259 265 265 266 267 267
Contents 15 Sound in Three Dimensions Isotropic and Point Sources More Complicated Sources The Inverse Square Law Echoes and Reverberation Room Features of Note The Cocktail Party Effect Summary Additional Reading Problems 16 Interference, Diffraction, and Diffusion Interference Diffraction Diffusion Summary Additional Reading Problems ix 269 269 270 278 280 287 289 292 293 293 295 295 299 301 307 308 308 17 Faraday's Laws of Induction 310 Properties of Magnets The Magnetic Field Magnetic Materials Nonmagnetic Materials Electromagnets The Electric Guitar Pickup Transformers (Optional) Summary Additional Reading Problems 310 312 314 318 319 324 326 327 328 328 18 RC Time Constants Electric Fields Conductors and Insulators Electrostatic Discharge (Optional) Capacitors Resistors Circuit Diagrams RC Time Constants Condenser and Electret Microphones 330 330 333 334 335 338 339 339 344
x Contents Microphone Sensitivity (Optional) Summary Additional Reading Problems 345 347 348 348 19 Physics and Recording Technology 350 Physical Media Magnetic Recording Optical Media Digital Storage and Playback Summary Additional Reading Problems 351 355 361 367 374 375 375 20 Electronics and Music Electronic Effects Making Music with Electronics Electronic Synthesis Interfaces Concluding Remarks Summary Additional Material Problems Appendices Appendix A Mathematics I. Exponents and Standard International (SI) Unit Prefixes II. Some Mathematical Properties ПІ. The Summation Symbol Appendix В Greek Alphabet Appendix C Note Frequencies Appendix D Answers to Selected Problems Index 376 376 380 384 386 387 387 388 388 390 390 390 392 397 398 399 401 403 |
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| title_full | Physics behind music an introduction Bryan H. Suits, Michigan Technological University |
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