Contesting moralities: Roma identities, state and kinship
"Roma identities have often been presented in literature as collectively constructed and in opposition to those who are not Roma. Contesting Moralities challenges these preconceptions about Roma identification by disentangling the binaries between Roma and non-Roma, state and non-state, public...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York ; Oxford
Berghahn
2023
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| Schriftenreihe: | New directions in Romani studies
volume 5 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Roma identities have often been presented in literature as collectively constructed and in opposition to those who are not Roma. Contesting Moralities challenges these preconceptions about Roma identification by disentangling the binaries between Roma and non-Roma, state and non-state, public and private. It explores topics resonating in contemporary Romani studies that are in need of further exploration through individual perspectives, including history, activism, kinship, childhood, and gender hierarchies. The book paints a complex picture of inequality and how it is negotiated amid conflicting, ambiguous and contradictory regimes of power and moral demands, including those of state and kin"-- |
| Beschreibung: | 144 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781800739062 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Introduction. Unexpected beginnings -- Analytical approach : identity, state and kinship -- Narrating beginnings and memories -- Educating Roma children : state and kinship moralities -- The 'hyperreal' vis-à-vis the 'everyday' Roma : identity and activism -- Home and the 'kinning' state -- Gendered strategies : kinship and state moralities -- Conclusion. Unfinished identities | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "Roma identities have often been presented in literature as collectively constructed and in opposition to those who are not Roma. Contesting Moralities challenges these preconceptions about Roma identification by disentangling the binaries between Roma and non-Roma, state and non-state, public and private. It explores topics resonating in contemporary Romani studies that are in need of further exploration through individual perspectives, including history, activism, kinship, childhood, and gender hierarchies. The book paints a complex picture of inequality and how it is negotiated amid conflicting, ambiguous and contradictory regimes of power and moral demands, including those of state and kin"-- | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents List ofIllustrations viii Acknowledgements ix Notes on Terminology and Language x Introduction. Unexpected Beginnings 1 Chapter 1. Analytical Approach: Identity, State and Kinship 10 Chapter!. Narrating Beginnings and Memories 20 Chapter!. Educating Roma Children: State and Kinship Moralities 47 Chapter 4. ‘Hyperreaľ vis-à-vis the ‘Everyday’ Roma: Identity and Activism Chapter 5. Home and the ‘Kinning’ State 64 81 Chapter 6. Gendered Strategies: Kinship and State Moralities 100 Conclusion. Unfinished Identities 116 References 123 Index 137
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Index ew abandonment of children, 94-97, 99n9 abduction of Mirka, 56-57, 103, 105 abortions, 33 Abrams, Philip, 15-16 Abu-Lughod, Lila, 120 abuse, child, 90, 99n6 accountability, 69-72, 93 ‘acting Bulgarian’ (pravi se na bulgarka), 73,75-76 activism, Roma, 65, 78-80,101, 119 NGOs as, 17, 66-68,72-74, 76 Acton, Thomas, 13 adoption, 86, 91, 94-95, 97-98 adulthood, 7,16-17, 27, 58, 85 agency, 7, 58-62, 82, 115nl, 117 of Roma women, 101-2,105-7,114,118 alienation, 67, 73 Ana (Roma woman), 93-94 Angel (Roma man), 111-12, 114 anthropology, 6, 12,21, 70,103,114,121 of becoming, 11,116 architecture, 82-83, 84, 90 archives, 20-21, 37 assimilation, 14,17, 25, 27, 34-35, 38, 41, 121 Assuna (Roma woman), 22-23, 28-29 attendance, school, 48-50, 52, 58-59, 61, 74,103 authenticity, 72, 103, 118-19 authority, 61, 64, 93 baby homes, 85-86,90-91 ‘backwardness’ of Roma culture, 25-26, 50,101 the Balkans, 22, 87 Barany, Zoltan, 13 becoming (concept), 11, 57, 58-61, 73, 78, 101-17, 121, 122. See also Biehl, João belonging, 11, 45n3, 102, 112, 119 Berlin Wall, 34 Bible, 60 Biehl, João, 11,12, 18,100, 108, 116, 122 binaries/dichotomies, 11, 16, 65, 67, 117-19 birthrates, 51, 92-93, 113 bodies, 10-11,101,112-13 Boris (Bulgarian King), 23 Bosilek, Ran, 54 Bourdieu, Pierre, 50 bourgeoisie, 83, 85-86 Boyan (Roma man), 104-8 Brazil, 60 Bulgaria. See specific topics Bulgarian (language), 27, 29, 31-32, 59-60 Bulgarian Fatherland Front (Otechestven Front), 23, 45n4 ‘Bulgarian-ness’ (bulgarshtina), 75-76, 112 ‘Bulgaria’s Abandoned Children’ (documentary), 99n7 bullying, 52-54 burdens, 38, 74,102,104,
110,114 of representation, 76, 78-79 of Roma children, 121-22 bureaucracy, 15-16, 65, 68-71, 70, 92-93 burial rituals, 40-41
138 capitalism, 83, 87-88 Central Europe, 17, 34-35, 89, 95 chastity, 14,105,107 childbearing/childbirth, 10, 92, 92-93, 101, 110-15, 112, 113-14, 120 childcare, 3-5, 17-18,27, 53, 98, 99n8, 113 state, 83, 89-90, 94, 98n4, 99n5 child protection, 90, 93, 96 15 children/childhood, 4,16-17, 63nl, 69, 74, 106, 113-15. See also education/ school on abandonment, 96-97 Bulgarian language compulsory for, 31-32 with disabilities, 34, 85-86, 99n7 on education, 58-62 gender of, 111-12 memories, 10, 81, 89 Neli helping, 61, 75-76 as otlichnichka, 49, 60 photographs of, 23,24,34 poverty impacting, 2-3, 71, 93-94 ‘children of the state,’ 88,118 children’s homes/care homes (detskí domove), 82-89, 98ո4,121-22 deinstitutionalisation of, 90-91, 95-96, 99n8 education via, 88-89 during postsocialist period, 89-92 chitalishte (house of culture), 45n3, 63, 76 Radost, 2, 21, 27, 31-33, 41, 77 Christian (Roma boy), 97 Christianity, 22, 40 Cioba, Ana Maria, 101 citizens/citizenship, 23-25, 48-49,112, 113 moral, 84-85, 88-89 civil society, 15, 64, 66. See also non governmental organizations class (social), 5-6, 50,109,119 under, 14, 24-25, 45n5, 53 bourgeoisie, 83, 85-86 professional, 62, 65, 67, 69, 73,79, 82-83,93,114 proletariat, 23-25, 27, 82-83, 92 college. See university/college Index communism, 2,14, 74. See also fall of communism; socialism education under, 23-27, 31-34,34 housing under, 28-29,29 Communist Party, 23-25, 27, 34, 41, 77 communities/communal, 4,11,14-15, 59, 72-73, 76-79, 101, 104-5 on childbearing, 112 forgetting, 35-38 on NGOs, 74, 78 Roma-ness of, 107-9 schools and, 48
community centres. See chitalishte compulsory sédentarisation, 23-24, 27-29 concrete apartment blocks (paneiki), 83, 90 concrete in architecture, 82-84 context, 21, 52, 56, 58, 60-62, 70, 90,112, 118 control, 64,113 costs, 54-55, 77, 93-94 crafts, traditional, 22-23 ‘cultural capital,’ 50 culture, dominant, 14, 79,102,117 culture, Roma, 21, 45n2, 53, 56,103,113 as ‘backward,’ 25-26, 50, 101 repression of, 27-29, 73 curricula, 48, 61 dances, 25,25, 29, 31, 32, 41 Dangerous Classes (Morris), 45n5 Daniela (Roma woman), 41, 43, 44 dark skin, 38, 54, 86-87,91,105-6 daughters, 3, 55-56, 103-5,111-12 deaths, 10, 29, 33, 79, 84-85, 99n6 decency, 14,105 DeGenova, Nicholas, 15 deinstitutionalisation, 90-91, 95-96, 99n8 de-kinning, 77-79 detski domove. See children’s homes/care homes dichotomies. See binaries/dichotomies Dimitrov, Georgi, 90 disabilities, children with, 34, 85-86, 99n7 discrimination, 38,70,76-77,79,105-7, 109 in schools, 53-55, 57-60
Index doctors, 1, 60, 77-79, 113-14 dominant culture, 14, 57, 61, 79,102,117 donors/philanthropists, 69, 71, 90 Drama (Greece), 22-23 dress (attire), 25,25, 29, 41, 42-43 non-Roma, 23, 31, 32,33 Durst, Judit, 14 early marriages, 55-56, 101, 103-4,109, 118 Eastern Europe, 14,17,28, 36, 83,89-90, 95,112 economies/economics, 4, 61, 85-86,101, 107-8 market, 17, 34, 89 education/school, 7-8,16-18, 74,78-79, 87, 107,118. See also university/ college attendance, 48-50, 52, 58-59, 61, 74, 103-4 children on, 58-72 under communism, 23-27, 31-34, 34 employment and, 73, 76-77 high school, 33, 49-50, 53, 77, 86, 104, 109 kindergartens as, 55, 57, 91-92 NGOs focused on, 66-67 parents affecting, 49-50, 52-59, 62, 103-4 of single mothers, 84-85 state, 47-48, 50-51, 57-59, 62,71,77 via children’s homes, 88-89 Ekaterina (Roma woman), 77-79 Elis (Roma boy), 96 elopement, 105-6 Emi (Roma woman), 54, 57 employment, 64, 72, 83, 89,106-7 at children’s homes, 91-92, 95 communism impacting, 23, 27, 33-34 at NGOs, 65, 68-69,71, 73-77 NGOs focused on, 66-67, 70-71 England, 3, 5, 93, 98n4 Eriksen, Thomas Hylland, 13 Essat (Roma man), 33-34 essentialism, 11,14-15,102,115nl ethnicity/ethnicization, 25, 36 of childbearing, 101,113-14 children on, 96-97 139 under communism, 27-28 education and, 49, 56 of social assistance, 93 ‘ethnoclass,’ 14, 66-67 ethnographies/ethnographic lens, 11-12, 18-19, 35-36, 60, 65, 67-68, 100, 103 European Union, 14, 68-70, 71, 99n5 evangelical church, Roma, 2, 6, 52 excellent students (otlichnichka), 49, 60 exclusion, 21,25, 38, 48, 61-62, 68,112 expectations, 8,
49-50,70-73,76-77,79, 106-7 extended family, 83,106 fall of communism, 2, 34-35, 50, 66, 73-74, 89-90, 92 families, 16, 22, 76-78, 83, 96-97,108. See also specificfamily members economics of, 4, 61 on education, 53-58 extended, 83,106 host, 3-4, 18,75, 100 origins of, 20, 35-36 photographs of, 23,24, 39-40, 39-41 socialist ideology for, 83-85 farms, 20, 27, 45nl fathers, 56, 61, 64, 96,105 feminism, 15,101 fertility, 112-14 forced sterilizations, 114 forgetting, 35-38, 44-45,121 foster care, 91, 94-95, 97-98 Freire, Paolo, 51 funding/financing, 7-8, 76-77, 107-9 for education, 50-51, 57-58 for NGOs, 68-69,71-72 the future, 56, 58, 109-10, 114-15, 117 ‘gatekeepers,’ 70-72 Gay y Blasco, Paloma, 14, 35-36 gender/gendered, 33-34,104-5, 111-13 ideology of, 107-8,114 kinship, 3-4, 7-8, 16-17, 100-101, 110, 115 geographies, 7, 13,22-23, 37, 66,122 Germany, 5-6, 34 gifts, 71-72,108 Gitanos, Spanish, 14, 35-36
140 Index government. See local government graduation/graduates, university, 64,73, 76-79,109 Graeber, David, 70 Greece (Drama), 22-23 group identity, 12, 36,101-2, 110 Gymnasium. See education/school Gypsies/’Gypsiness,’ 13-14,29, 101, 113-14. See also tsigani/tsiganin/ tsiganka hair, 75, 91 Hall, Stuart, 12 healthcare, 10, 33-34, 66-67,112-13 Herzfeld, Michael, 57 hierarchies, 47-48, 65,104,110 high school, 33, 49-50, 53, 77, 86, 104, 109 homogenization of Roma people, 13,62, 67 honor of unmarried daughters, 56-57, 103-5,107 hospitals, 10, 28, 55, 64, 78, 94, 112-13 host family, 3-4,18, 75,100 house of culture. See chitalishte housing/households, 2-4, 53, 66, 81-83, 85-86, 97-98. See also children’s homes/care homes under communism, 28-29,29, 31 humanitarianism, 65,70-72. See also non governmental organizations human rights, 74,114 ‘hyperreal’ identities, 68-72, 79 identity/identification, Roma, 10-11, 29,45n3, 66-67, 75, 86-87, 97-98, 112-13 activism and, 80 children and, 58-62, 90 essentialism and, 14-15 ethnicization of, 27-28 genderand, 100-101 group, 12,36,101-2, 110 ‘hyper-real,’ 68-72, 79 marginality and, 47 memories impacting, 35-38 negative, 14, 25, 67 non-Romaand, 13-14,77-78,118-19 performance of, 60 socialism and, 21 the state impacting, 7-8,16-17 temporalities and, 120-22 identity politics, 7, 67,120 ideology/ideologies, 25, 34-35, 65,73-74, 78, 83-86 communist, 27, 29, 31 of gender, 107-8,114 moral citizenship, 84-85, 88-89 state, 17-18,109 inadequacy, feelings of, 16, 83-84, 88, 89 incompleteness, 7,20 India, 13, 38 indigenisation Çkorenizatsiia’), 25,46n6
individualism, 23,86 industrialisation, 28, 82 inequalities, 12, 47-48, 50, 54, 70-71, 83 infrastructure, 2-3, 28-29 INGOs. See international non governmental organizations inheritance, 104, 105 in-laws, 40,105-6 insider status, 4, 8, 11, 18,48, 73,117-18 ‘integration, Roma,’ 14, 66, 86 internalization, 14, 38, 41,44,103,106 international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), 14, 66, 68-69, 90 Ms. Irinina (social worker), 93 Iskra (Roma girl), 59-60 Isma (Roma woman), 33-34 Italy, 5 Iva (Roma girl), 97 Jana (Roma woman), 38 Mr. Janakiev (teacher), 50-51, 54, 59,61 Julian (Roma man), 86, 88-89 kindergartens, 34, 55, 57, 91-92 kin/kinship relations, 18, 41, 60, 62,104, 106 gendered, 3-4,7-8, 16-17, 100-101, 110, 115 kinship relations, state and, 7-8, 16-17, 82, 84-87 marriage in, 102,104-5,109 Kiril (Roma men), 84 kjuchek (dance), 29
Index Klimova, Ilona, 13 Kóczé, Angela, 15, llSnl Komsomol, 70nl, 77 komsomolski (socialist style wedding), 41,43 ‘korenizatsiia’ (indigenisation), 25,46n6 Krassimira (Roma woman), 55-58 labour, 61, 83, 86-87 under communism, 20, 23-25,27 ‘Labour-Cooperative Farm’ (trudovokooperativno zemedelsko stopanstvo, TKZS), 20, 45nl language, 5-6,17, 46n6, 66, 68, 85-86, 111 Bulgarian, 27, 29, 31-32, 59-60 Romanes, 13, 25, 29, 41, 59-60,97,103 Lena (Roma woman), 60 life stories, 18-19, 21, 67,78-79,100 light skin, 22, 54, 86,105-6 Lilia (Roma girl), 96 limitations, research, 63nl, 96,116-17 literacy, 34, 60, 79 loans, Ί( ~η local government, 64, 68, 74, 76-79 education impacted by, 27, 49-52, 55 Lower Mahala, Sastipe, 5-6,109 Lyuba (Roma woman), 111-14 mahalas (neighborhoods), 5-6, 28-29, 86-87. See also specific neighborhoods Makarenko, Anton, 83 Malinowski, Bronislaw, 41 Mrs. Manova (teacher), 51-52, 60-61 marginalization/marginality, 7, 47, 67, 82,109 Maria (Roma woman), 93-94 Mario (Roma boy), 96 Marisa (Roma girl), 97 market economy, 17, 34, 89 marriages, 8, 39, 41, 56-57,100-101, 102-10, 111, 114 early, 101,103-4,118 Martin (Roma boy), 91-92 Marushiakova, Elena, 20-21, 36 Marxism, 25, 87 Mauss, Marcel, 71 Medo (Roma man), 29-33, 44-45 141 memories, 20-23, 64, 78,121 childhood, 10, 81, 89 of children’s homes, 84, 87-88 forgetting and, 35-38, 44-45 obliteration, 39-40, 39-41 remembering of, 35-37, 44-45 men, 3-4, 33,104 methodology, research, 6-8,18-19, 96 Mila (Roma girl), 97 Mila (Roma woman), 53-54, 57 Milena (Roma woman), 10-11 ‘mimesis,’ 102,115nl minorities, 25, 27, 49,
63n2 Mirka (Roma women), 56-57,102-6, 106-7,108 mobility, social, 73, 77-78 monuments, 37, 84, 90 moral authority, 61, 93 moral citizenship ideology, 84-85, 88-89 moralities, 11, 47-48, 53, 61-62, 80,107, 120-22 gendered, 100,103-4 state, 8, 48 Morris, Lydia, 45n5 ‘Mother-Heroines,’ 92, 92-93 mother-in-laws, 106,111-13 mothers, 3-6, 77-78, 81, 92, 92-94, 96-97, 105 on education, 53-61 single, 59,83-85,114 mother’s initiative (Sastipe), 6,110-11 multisited ethnographies, 18-19 museums, 22, 36-37, 44 music, 25,29, 41 Muslims, 11, 22, 40-41 names, 5-6, 29, 41 Narayan, Kirin, 117-18 Nasko (Roma man), 90 national identity, 45n3 nationalism, 16,112 negative identity association, 14,25, 67 neighborhoods (mahala), 28-29, 86-87 Neli (Roma woman), 3-5,18, 27, 49, 53-55, 60-61,75-76, 78 Mirka and, 102-3 mother’s initiative by, 6,110-11 Nena (Roma girl), 97
142 Index neoliberalism/neoliberalisation, 34-35, 82, 92, 98n2, 101 Netherlands, 6, 77 Nevena (Roma woman), 56-58, 105-6, 114 Newcomers (Novodrumtsi, Roma quarter), Radost, 1-2, 28-29,29 NGOs. See non-governmental organizations Nikol (Roma girl), 60 nomadism. See travelling/travellers non-governmental organizations (NGOs), 3, 17, 64-72,67, 90, 119-20 bureaucracy of, 65,68-71 non-Roma people (Bulgarians), 19nl, 28, 36-37, 55, 58,101,107,112-13 dress, 23, 31, 32, 33 identity of, 13-14, 77-78,118-19 ‘passing’ as, 73, 75-76, 78-79 of Radost, 1-2 in Sastipe, 5-6 Nora, Pierre, 37 Novodrumtsi (Newcomers, Roma quarter), Radost, 1-2, 28-29,29 nurses, 1,112-13 obliteration of memories, 39-40, 39-41 Okely, Judith, 14-15, 19n2,119 origins, family, 20, 35-36 orphanages. See children’s homes/care homes orphans, 85, 98n3 Otechestven Front (Bulgarian Fatherland Front), 23, 45n4 ‘otherness,’ 34, 48 otlichnichka (excellent students), 49, 60 Ottoman Empire, 5-6,22-23,45n3, 63n2 outsider status, 3, 8, 21, 48 paneiki (concrete apartment blocks), 83, 90 parents/parenthood, 16-17,27,60, 74, 77-78, 111 of children in children’s houses, 93-95 children on, 96-97 on education of children, 49-50, 52-59, 62,103-4 ofMirka, 103-9 on respectability, 3, 5, 100,105 responsibilities of, 99n5,105 single, 83-85, 94, 114 participant observation, 18-19 ‘passing’ as Bulgarian, 73,75-76, 78-79 the past, 22-25, 35-38, 39,109-10 patriarchy/patriarchal structures, 85, 101-2, 109-10 performance/performativity, 60, 68-71, 101,107-10, 121 persecution, 17, 20, 36, 44,121 personhood, 72-73,110-11,115
philanthropists/donors, 69, 71, 90 photographs, 37, 39-40, 39-41, 44 from Radost, 22-23,24,25, 25, 31-32 police, 1, 27, 50, 56, 70, 97, 104 policies, state, 48, 52, 66,113 Pomak (minority group, pejorative), 49, 63n2 Popov, Veselin, 20-21, 36 populism, 102,115 positivism, 19 ‘postmemory,’ 21, 121 postsocialist Bulgaria (Promenite), 17, 35, 74, 87,89-92,104, 113,121 potentiality, 102,114,117,121 poverty, 34-35, 53, 56, 66-67, 70, 83,85, 89-90 Roma children impacted by, 2-3, 71, 93-94 power/power relations, 8,14, 51, 106, 110, 121 memory and, 21 NGOs and, 65,70 of the past, 36-37 of silence, 37-38 state, 28-29, 36-37 pravi se na bulgarka (acting Bulgarian), 73,75-76 pregnancy, 10-11, 107, ili. See also childbearing/childbirth ‘Process of Revival,’ 29 professionals (status), 62, 65, 67, 69, 73, 79, 82-83, 93,114 proletariat, 23-25,27, 82-83, 92 Prameníte. See postsocialist Bulgaria (Promenite)
Index Raba (Roma woman), 42 racism, 37, 87, 106 Rada (Roma woman), 35 radio, 29,29 Radost (Bulgarian city), 3-7, 9nl, 39-40, 44,47, 77-79, 93-94, 106-7 chitalishte, 2,21, 27, 31-33, 41,77 education in, 49-58, 62 host family in, 3-4,18, 75,100 Novodrumtsi, 1-2, 28-29, 29 photographs from, 22-23, 24 reciprocity, 101, 108 reflexivity, 117-18 religion, 2, 6,22,41, 52 remembering, 35-37,44-45 representation, 7, 25, 29, 31, 35, 41, 44 Roma women and, 10-11,54,75-79,112 repression, 27-29, 41, 44, 73 reproduction, 10-11, 92-93,101,107, 113-15. See also childbearing/ childbirth reputations, 4, 49, 52, 90, 105 research, 12-13,47,118 host family during, 3-4, 18, 75,100 limitations, 63nl, 96, 116-17 methodology, 6-8,18-19, 96 resettlement, Roma, 28-29, 46n6 respectability, 3, 5, 100, 105, 109,120 responsibilities, 50-51, 53, 99n5,105, 107-8 rights, 74, 89, 99n5, 114 rituals, 39-41,101 weddings as, 107-10,120 role models, 49, 64, 76,101-2,115 ‘Roma elite,’ 7,65, 67, 73, 79-80 Romanes (language), 13, 25, 29,41, 59-60, 97,103 ‘Roma-ness,’ 21, 73,79, 98, 105,107-9, 113-14 Romani studies, 13-15,101,113-14, 115nl, 121 Roma people. See specific topics Rövid, Marton, 14 Rucha (Roma woman), 22-23, 24,29, 33 Rumi (Roma woman), 55, 57 Safka (Roma woman), 84-85 Said, Edward, 11 143 Sana (Roma woman), 39-41 Sasha (Roma woman), 76-77 Sastipe (Bulgarian city), 7,9nl, 93-94,100 Lower Mahala, 5-6,109 mother’s initiative in, 6, 110-11 school. See education/school sédentarisation, 23-24, 27-29 self-governance, 48, 87-88 settlements, 1-2, 22, 28-29 sexuality, 4, 100, 105 shalvari (traditional Roma
attire), 25,25, 29 shame, 57,105,112 Sherifa (Roma woman), 77-78 silence/silencing of memories, 37-38, 44, 121 Silverman, Carol, 13-14 Silvia (Roma girl), 53-54 single mothers, 59, 83-85, 94, 114 skin colour dark, 38, 54,86-87, 91, 105-6 light, 22, 54, 86,105-6 Snezhana (Roma girl), 54, 58-59 social assistance, 93, 113 social construction, 14, 70, 72 ‘social inclusion’/Roma inclusion, 14, 48-50, 61-62, 66, 68-69, 71-72 socialism, 17, 21, 23, 66, 82-83, 83-86, 89, 92, 95, 121 early marriage limited under, 104 racism during, 87 Socialist Modernism architecture, 83 Socialist Realism architecture, 82-83 social orphanhood, 85, 98n3 social workers, 1,16, 93-94, 103 sons, 111, 114 Soviet Bloc, 84, 89 Soviet Union (USSR), 17,25, 27, 45n3, 83 Spivak, Gayatri, 115nl Stalinism, 83 the state, 7, 15-16, 22-35, 28, 70, 83,102, 104, 119. See also children’s homes/ care homes bureaucracy of, 65, 92-93 childcare, 83, 89-90, 94, 98n4,99n5 education, 47-48, 50-51, 57-59, 62, 71, 77 farming by, 20, 27, 45nl
Index 144 the state (cont.) ideologies, 17-18,109 marriage and, 107 moralities, 8, 48 NGOs and, 66 policies of, 48, 52, 66,113 postsocialism, 113 postsocialist period for, 89-92 power of, 28-29, 36-37 state actors, 48, 52,115 status (social), 88,106,110-11,113 insider, 4, 8, 11, 18, 48,73, 117-18 outsider, 3, 8, 21, 48 professional, 62, 65, 67, 69, 73, 79, 82-83, 93, 114 Stefan (Roma boy), 61-62 stereotypes, 49-50, 54, 93, 101-2,102-3, 114-15 sterilization, forced, 114 Stewart, Michael, 14,36 stigma/stigmatization, 67, 88,112 Stoyan (Roma man), 68-71, 73-76 Mrs. Stoyanova (teacher), 47, 49-50, 53, 60,103 ‘strategic essentialism’, 102,115nl subaltern, 115nl subgroup identities, 13 subjectivity, 8, 47-48,118 Surdu, Mihai, 14 taboos, 4,101,112-13,120 Tanko (Roma man), 10 teachers, 1, 48, 62, 86-88, 91-92 Mr. Janakiev as, 50-51, 54, 59, 61 Mrs. Manova as, 51-52, 61 Mrs. Stoyanova as, 47, 49-50, 53, 60, 103 Temi (Roma woman), 88 Tesar, Catalina, 119 time/temporality, 58,117,120-22 TKZS. See ‘Labour-Cooperative Farm’ totalitarianism, 83 travelling/travellers, Roma as, 13, 22-25, 29 Treaty of Lausanne of 1923, 22 trudovo-kooperativno zemedelsko stopanstvo. See ‘Labour-Cooperative Farm’ • Bayerisch® i Staatsbibliothek í München tsigani/tsiganin/tsiganka (Gypsy people, pejorative), 1-2, 20, 29, 38, 75, 86-87,91,97 discrimination, 53-54, 58-60,76-77 Turkey, 22, 35 Turkish (language), 5-6, 29, 59-60 The Unborn Maiden (Bosilek), 54, 59 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), 89, 99n5 ‘underclass,’ 14, 24-25, 45n5, 53 unemployment, 34-35, 89 ‘unfinishedness,’ 11,119,122
university/college, 55, 64, 73, 76-79, 88-89, 109 unmarried women, 3-4, 56-57, 100, 103-5, 107 Upper Mahala, Sastipe, 5-6 USSR. See Soviet Union Verdery, Katherine, 35 Vermeersch, Peter, 67 ‘victimhood,’ Roma, 58, 65, 70, 72,120 violence, 37, 70, 88, 96, 113 Violeta (Roma woman), 86-89 virginity, 105,109 virilocal residence, 106 volunteers, 68,76,102-3 weddings, 8, 39, 41, 42-43, 44-45, 109-10,120-21 ofMirka, 57,106-8 welfare state, 66, 85 Western Europe, 45n, 68-69,112 women/womanhood, 10-11,19,27, 83, 91,107-8 agency of, 101-2,105-7,114,118 childbearing by, 101,110-15 photographs of, 23,24, 25,25, 32, 33 representation and, 75-77,112 as university graduates, 76-79,109 unmarried, 3-4, 56-57,100,103-5, 107 World War 11,20, 36,85 Yıldız, Can, 15 Zuhra (Roma woman), 25 zurna (instrument), 29, 41, 44-45, 111 |
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Contents List ofIllustrations viii Acknowledgements ix Notes on Terminology and Language x Introduction. Unexpected Beginnings 1 Chapter 1. Analytical Approach: Identity, State and Kinship 10 Chapter!. Narrating Beginnings and Memories 20 Chapter!. Educating Roma Children: State and Kinship Moralities 47 Chapter 4. ‘Hyperreaľ vis-à-vis the ‘Everyday’ Roma: Identity and Activism Chapter 5. Home and the ‘Kinning’ State 64 81 Chapter 6. Gendered Strategies: Kinship and State Moralities 100 Conclusion. Unfinished Identities 116 References 123 Index 137
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Index ew abandonment of children, 94-97, 99n9 abduction of Mirka, 56-57, 103, 105 abortions, 33 Abrams, Philip, 15-16 Abu-Lughod, Lila, 120 abuse, child, 90, 99n6 accountability, 69-72, 93 ‘acting Bulgarian’ (pravi se na bulgarka), 73,75-76 activism, Roma, 65, 78-80,101, 119 NGOs as, 17, 66-68,72-74, 76 Acton, Thomas, 13 adoption, 86, 91, 94-95, 97-98 adulthood, 7,16-17, 27, 58, 85 agency, 7, 58-62, 82, 115nl, 117 of Roma women, 101-2,105-7,114,118 alienation, 67, 73 Ana (Roma woman), 93-94 Angel (Roma man), 111-12, 114 anthropology, 6, 12,21, 70,103,114,121 of becoming, 11,116 architecture, 82-83, 84, 90 archives, 20-21, 37 assimilation, 14,17, 25, 27, 34-35, 38, 41, 121 Assuna (Roma woman), 22-23, 28-29 attendance, school, 48-50, 52, 58-59, 61, 74,103 authenticity, 72, 103, 118-19 authority, 61, 64, 93 baby homes, 85-86,90-91 ‘backwardness’ of Roma culture, 25-26, 50,101 the Balkans, 22, 87 Barany, Zoltan, 13 becoming (concept), 11, 57, 58-61, 73, 78, 101-17, 121, 122. See also Biehl, João belonging, 11, 45n3, 102, 112, 119 Berlin Wall, 34 Bible, 60 Biehl, João, 11,12, 18,100, 108, 116, 122 binaries/dichotomies, 11, 16, 65, 67, 117-19 birthrates, 51, 92-93, 113 bodies, 10-11,101,112-13 Boris (Bulgarian King), 23 Bosilek, Ran, 54 Bourdieu, Pierre, 50 bourgeoisie, 83, 85-86 Boyan (Roma man), 104-8 Brazil, 60 Bulgaria. See specific topics Bulgarian (language), 27, 29, 31-32, 59-60 Bulgarian Fatherland Front (Otechestven Front), 23, 45n4 ‘Bulgarian-ness’ (bulgarshtina), 75-76, 112 ‘Bulgaria’s Abandoned Children’ (documentary), 99n7 bullying, 52-54 burdens, 38, 74,102,104,
110,114 of representation, 76, 78-79 of Roma children, 121-22 bureaucracy, 15-16, 65, 68-71, 70, 92-93 burial rituals, 40-41
138 capitalism, 83, 87-88 Central Europe, 17, 34-35, 89, 95 chastity, 14,105,107 childbearing/childbirth, 10, 92, 92-93, 101, 110-15, 112, 113-14, 120 childcare, 3-5, 17-18,27, 53, 98, 99n8, 113 state, 83, 89-90, 94, 98n4, 99n5 child protection, 90, 93, 96 15 children/childhood, 4,16-17, 63nl, 69, 74, 106, 113-15. See also education/ school on abandonment, 96-97 Bulgarian language compulsory for, 31-32 with disabilities, 34, 85-86, 99n7 on education, 58-62 gender of, 111-12 memories, 10, 81, 89 Neli helping, 61, 75-76 as otlichnichka, 49, 60 photographs of, 23,24,34 poverty impacting, 2-3, 71, 93-94 ‘children of the state,’ 88,118 children’s homes/care homes (detskí domove), 82-89, 98ո4,121-22 deinstitutionalisation of, 90-91, 95-96, 99n8 education via, 88-89 during postsocialist period, 89-92 chitalishte (house of culture), 45n3, 63, 76 Radost, 2, 21, 27, 31-33, 41, 77 Christian (Roma boy), 97 Christianity, 22, 40 Cioba, Ana Maria, 101 citizens/citizenship, 23-25, 48-49,112, 113 moral, 84-85, 88-89 civil society, 15, 64, 66. See also non governmental organizations class (social), 5-6, 50,109,119 under, 14, 24-25, 45n5, 53 bourgeoisie, 83, 85-86 professional, 62, 65, 67, 69, 73,79, 82-83,93,114 proletariat, 23-25, 27, 82-83, 92 college. See university/college Index communism, 2,14, 74. See also fall of communism; socialism education under, 23-27, 31-34,34 housing under, 28-29,29 Communist Party, 23-25, 27, 34, 41, 77 communities/communal, 4,11,14-15, 59, 72-73, 76-79, 101, 104-5 on childbearing, 112 forgetting, 35-38 on NGOs, 74, 78 Roma-ness of, 107-9 schools and, 48
community centres. See chitalishte compulsory sédentarisation, 23-24, 27-29 concrete apartment blocks (paneiki), 83, 90 concrete in architecture, 82-84 context, 21, 52, 56, 58, 60-62, 70, 90,112, 118 control, 64,113 costs, 54-55, 77, 93-94 crafts, traditional, 22-23 ‘cultural capital,’ 50 culture, dominant, 14, 79,102,117 culture, Roma, 21, 45n2, 53, 56,103,113 as ‘backward,’ 25-26, 50, 101 repression of, 27-29, 73 curricula, 48, 61 dances, 25,25, 29, 31, 32, 41 Dangerous Classes (Morris), 45n5 Daniela (Roma woman), 41, 43, 44 dark skin, 38, 54, 86-87,91,105-6 daughters, 3, 55-56, 103-5,111-12 deaths, 10, 29, 33, 79, 84-85, 99n6 decency, 14,105 DeGenova, Nicholas, 15 deinstitutionalisation, 90-91, 95-96, 99n8 de-kinning, 77-79 detski domove. See children’s homes/care homes dichotomies. See binaries/dichotomies Dimitrov, Georgi, 90 disabilities, children with, 34, 85-86, 99n7 discrimination, 38,70,76-77,79,105-7, 109 in schools, 53-55, 57-60
Index doctors, 1, 60, 77-79, 113-14 dominant culture, 14, 57, 61, 79,102,117 donors/philanthropists, 69, 71, 90 Drama (Greece), 22-23 dress (attire), 25,25, 29, 41, 42-43 non-Roma, 23, 31, 32,33 Durst, Judit, 14 early marriages, 55-56, 101, 103-4,109, 118 Eastern Europe, 14,17,28, 36, 83,89-90, 95,112 economies/economics, 4, 61, 85-86,101, 107-8 market, 17, 34, 89 education/school, 7-8,16-18, 74,78-79, 87, 107,118. See also university/ college attendance, 48-50, 52, 58-59, 61, 74, 103-4 children on, 58-72 under communism, 23-27, 31-34, 34 employment and, 73, 76-77 high school, 33, 49-50, 53, 77, 86, 104, 109 kindergartens as, 55, 57, 91-92 NGOs focused on, 66-67 parents affecting, 49-50, 52-59, 62, 103-4 of single mothers, 84-85 state, 47-48, 50-51, 57-59, 62,71,77 via children’s homes, 88-89 Ekaterina (Roma woman), 77-79 Elis (Roma boy), 96 elopement, 105-6 Emi (Roma woman), 54, 57 employment, 64, 72, 83, 89,106-7 at children’s homes, 91-92, 95 communism impacting, 23, 27, 33-34 at NGOs, 65, 68-69,71, 73-77 NGOs focused on, 66-67, 70-71 England, 3, 5, 93, 98n4 Eriksen, Thomas Hylland, 13 Essat (Roma man), 33-34 essentialism, 11,14-15,102,115nl ethnicity/ethnicization, 25, 36 of childbearing, 101,113-14 children on, 96-97 139 under communism, 27-28 education and, 49, 56 of social assistance, 93 ‘ethnoclass,’ 14, 66-67 ethnographies/ethnographic lens, 11-12, 18-19, 35-36, 60, 65, 67-68, 100, 103 European Union, 14, 68-70, 71, 99n5 evangelical church, Roma, 2, 6, 52 excellent students (otlichnichka), 49, 60 exclusion, 21,25, 38, 48, 61-62, 68,112 expectations, 8,
49-50,70-73,76-77,79, 106-7 extended family, 83,106 fall of communism, 2, 34-35, 50, 66, 73-74, 89-90, 92 families, 16, 22, 76-78, 83, 96-97,108. See also specificfamily members economics of, 4, 61 on education, 53-58 extended, 83,106 host, 3-4, 18,75, 100 origins of, 20, 35-36 photographs of, 23,24, 39-40, 39-41 socialist ideology for, 83-85 farms, 20, 27, 45nl fathers, 56, 61, 64, 96,105 feminism, 15,101 fertility, 112-14 forced sterilizations, 114 forgetting, 35-38, 44-45,121 foster care, 91, 94-95, 97-98 Freire, Paolo, 51 funding/financing, 7-8, 76-77, 107-9 for education, 50-51, 57-58 for NGOs, 68-69,71-72 the future, 56, 58, 109-10, 114-15, 117 ‘gatekeepers,’ 70-72 Gay y Blasco, Paloma, 14, 35-36 gender/gendered, 33-34,104-5, 111-13 ideology of, 107-8,114 kinship, 3-4, 7-8, 16-17, 100-101, 110, 115 geographies, 7, 13,22-23, 37, 66,122 Germany, 5-6, 34 gifts, 71-72,108 Gitanos, Spanish, 14, 35-36
140 Index government. See local government graduation/graduates, university, 64,73, 76-79,109 Graeber, David, 70 Greece (Drama), 22-23 group identity, 12, 36,101-2, 110 Gymnasium. See education/school Gypsies/’Gypsiness,’ 13-14,29, 101, 113-14. See also tsigani/tsiganin/ tsiganka hair, 75, 91 Hall, Stuart, 12 healthcare, 10, 33-34, 66-67,112-13 Herzfeld, Michael, 57 hierarchies, 47-48, 65,104,110 high school, 33, 49-50, 53, 77, 86, 104, 109 homogenization of Roma people, 13,62, 67 honor of unmarried daughters, 56-57, 103-5,107 hospitals, 10, 28, 55, 64, 78, 94, 112-13 host family, 3-4,18, 75,100 house of culture. See chitalishte housing/households, 2-4, 53, 66, 81-83, 85-86, 97-98. See also children’s homes/care homes under communism, 28-29,29, 31 humanitarianism, 65,70-72. See also non governmental organizations human rights, 74,114 ‘hyperreal’ identities, 68-72, 79 identity/identification, Roma, 10-11, 29,45n3, 66-67, 75, 86-87, 97-98, 112-13 activism and, 80 children and, 58-62, 90 essentialism and, 14-15 ethnicization of, 27-28 genderand, 100-101 group, 12,36,101-2, 110 ‘hyper-real,’ 68-72, 79 marginality and, 47 memories impacting, 35-38 negative, 14, 25, 67 non-Romaand, 13-14,77-78,118-19 performance of, 60 socialism and, 21 the state impacting, 7-8,16-17 temporalities and, 120-22 identity politics, 7, 67,120 ideology/ideologies, 25, 34-35, 65,73-74, 78, 83-86 communist, 27, 29, 31 of gender, 107-8,114 moral citizenship, 84-85, 88-89 state, 17-18,109 inadequacy, feelings of, 16, 83-84, 88, 89 incompleteness, 7,20 India, 13, 38 indigenisation Çkorenizatsiia’), 25,46n6
individualism, 23,86 industrialisation, 28, 82 inequalities, 12, 47-48, 50, 54, 70-71, 83 infrastructure, 2-3, 28-29 INGOs. See international non governmental organizations inheritance, 104, 105 in-laws, 40,105-6 insider status, 4, 8, 11, 18,48, 73,117-18 ‘integration, Roma,’ 14, 66, 86 internalization, 14, 38, 41,44,103,106 international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), 14, 66, 68-69, 90 Ms. Irinina (social worker), 93 Iskra (Roma girl), 59-60 Isma (Roma woman), 33-34 Italy, 5 Iva (Roma girl), 97 Jana (Roma woman), 38 Mr. Janakiev (teacher), 50-51, 54, 59,61 Julian (Roma man), 86, 88-89 kindergartens, 34, 55, 57, 91-92 kin/kinship relations, 18, 41, 60, 62,104, 106 gendered, 3-4,7-8, 16-17, 100-101, 110, 115 kinship relations, state and, 7-8, 16-17, 82, 84-87 marriage in, 102,104-5,109 Kiril (Roma men), 84 kjuchek (dance), 29
Index Klimova, Ilona, 13 Kóczé, Angela, 15, llSnl Komsomol, 70nl, 77 komsomolski (socialist style wedding), 41,43 ‘korenizatsiia’ (indigenisation), 25,46n6 Krassimira (Roma woman), 55-58 labour, 61, 83, 86-87 under communism, 20, 23-25,27 ‘Labour-Cooperative Farm’ (trudovokooperativno zemedelsko stopanstvo, TKZS), 20, 45nl language, 5-6,17, 46n6, 66, 68, 85-86, 111 Bulgarian, 27, 29, 31-32, 59-60 Romanes, 13, 25, 29, 41, 59-60,97,103 Lena (Roma woman), 60 life stories, 18-19, 21, 67,78-79,100 light skin, 22, 54, 86,105-6 Lilia (Roma girl), 96 limitations, research, 63nl, 96,116-17 literacy, 34, 60, 79 loans, Ί( ~η local government, 64, 68, 74, 76-79 education impacted by, 27, 49-52, 55 Lower Mahala, Sastipe, 5-6,109 Lyuba (Roma woman), 111-14 mahalas (neighborhoods), 5-6, 28-29, 86-87. See also specific neighborhoods Makarenko, Anton, 83 Malinowski, Bronislaw, 41 Mrs. Manova (teacher), 51-52, 60-61 marginalization/marginality, 7, 47, 67, 82,109 Maria (Roma woman), 93-94 Mario (Roma boy), 96 Marisa (Roma girl), 97 market economy, 17, 34, 89 marriages, 8, 39, 41, 56-57,100-101, 102-10, 111, 114 early, 101,103-4,118 Martin (Roma boy), 91-92 Marushiakova, Elena, 20-21, 36 Marxism, 25, 87 Mauss, Marcel, 71 Medo (Roma man), 29-33, 44-45 141 memories, 20-23, 64, 78,121 childhood, 10, 81, 89 of children’s homes, 84, 87-88 forgetting and, 35-38, 44-45 obliteration, 39-40, 39-41 remembering of, 35-37, 44-45 men, 3-4, 33,104 methodology, research, 6-8,18-19, 96 Mila (Roma girl), 97 Mila (Roma woman), 53-54, 57 Milena (Roma woman), 10-11 ‘mimesis,’ 102,115nl minorities, 25, 27, 49,
63n2 Mirka (Roma women), 56-57,102-6, 106-7,108 mobility, social, 73, 77-78 monuments, 37, 84, 90 moral authority, 61, 93 moral citizenship ideology, 84-85, 88-89 moralities, 11, 47-48, 53, 61-62, 80,107, 120-22 gendered, 100,103-4 state, 8, 48 Morris, Lydia, 45n5 ‘Mother-Heroines,’ 92, 92-93 mother-in-laws, 106,111-13 mothers, 3-6, 77-78, 81, 92, 92-94, 96-97, 105 on education, 53-61 single, 59,83-85,114 mother’s initiative (Sastipe), 6,110-11 multisited ethnographies, 18-19 museums, 22, 36-37, 44 music, 25,29, 41 Muslims, 11, 22, 40-41 names, 5-6, 29, 41 Narayan, Kirin, 117-18 Nasko (Roma man), 90 national identity, 45n3 nationalism, 16,112 negative identity association, 14,25, 67 neighborhoods (mahala), 28-29, 86-87 Neli (Roma woman), 3-5,18, 27, 49, 53-55, 60-61,75-76, 78 Mirka and, 102-3 mother’s initiative by, 6,110-11 Nena (Roma girl), 97
142 Index neoliberalism/neoliberalisation, 34-35, 82, 92, 98n2, 101 Netherlands, 6, 77 Nevena (Roma woman), 56-58, 105-6, 114 Newcomers (Novodrumtsi, Roma quarter), Radost, 1-2, 28-29,29 NGOs. See non-governmental organizations Nikol (Roma girl), 60 nomadism. See travelling/travellers non-governmental organizations (NGOs), 3, 17, 64-72,67, 90, 119-20 bureaucracy of, 65,68-71 non-Roma people (Bulgarians), 19nl, 28, 36-37, 55, 58,101,107,112-13 dress, 23, 31, 32, 33 identity of, 13-14, 77-78,118-19 ‘passing’ as, 73, 75-76, 78-79 of Radost, 1-2 in Sastipe, 5-6 Nora, Pierre, 37 Novodrumtsi (Newcomers, Roma quarter), Radost, 1-2, 28-29,29 nurses, 1,112-13 obliteration of memories, 39-40, 39-41 Okely, Judith, 14-15, 19n2,119 origins, family, 20, 35-36 orphanages. See children’s homes/care homes orphans, 85, 98n3 Otechestven Front (Bulgarian Fatherland Front), 23, 45n4 ‘otherness,’ 34, 48 otlichnichka (excellent students), 49, 60 Ottoman Empire, 5-6,22-23,45n3, 63n2 outsider status, 3, 8, 21, 48 paneiki (concrete apartment blocks), 83, 90 parents/parenthood, 16-17,27,60, 74, 77-78, 111 of children in children’s houses, 93-95 children on, 96-97 on education of children, 49-50, 52-59, 62,103-4 ofMirka, 103-9 on respectability, 3, 5, 100,105 responsibilities of, 99n5,105 single, 83-85, 94, 114 participant observation, 18-19 ‘passing’ as Bulgarian, 73,75-76, 78-79 the past, 22-25, 35-38, 39,109-10 patriarchy/patriarchal structures, 85, 101-2, 109-10 performance/performativity, 60, 68-71, 101,107-10, 121 persecution, 17, 20, 36, 44,121 personhood, 72-73,110-11,115
philanthropists/donors, 69, 71, 90 photographs, 37, 39-40, 39-41, 44 from Radost, 22-23,24,25, 25, 31-32 police, 1, 27, 50, 56, 70, 97, 104 policies, state, 48, 52, 66,113 Pomak (minority group, pejorative), 49, 63n2 Popov, Veselin, 20-21, 36 populism, 102,115 positivism, 19 ‘postmemory,’ 21, 121 postsocialist Bulgaria (Promenite), 17, 35, 74, 87,89-92,104, 113,121 potentiality, 102,114,117,121 poverty, 34-35, 53, 56, 66-67, 70, 83,85, 89-90 Roma children impacted by, 2-3, 71, 93-94 power/power relations, 8,14, 51, 106, 110, 121 memory and, 21 NGOs and, 65,70 of the past, 36-37 of silence, 37-38 state, 28-29, 36-37 pravi se na bulgarka (acting Bulgarian), 73,75-76 pregnancy, 10-11, 107, ili. See also childbearing/childbirth ‘Process of Revival,’ 29 professionals (status), 62, 65, 67, 69, 73, 79, 82-83, 93,114 proletariat, 23-25,27, 82-83, 92 Prameníte. See postsocialist Bulgaria (Promenite)
Index Raba (Roma woman), 42 racism, 37, 87, 106 Rada (Roma woman), 35 radio, 29,29 Radost (Bulgarian city), 3-7, 9nl, 39-40, 44,47, 77-79, 93-94, 106-7 chitalishte, 2,21, 27, 31-33, 41,77 education in, 49-58, 62 host family in, 3-4,18, 75,100 Novodrumtsi, 1-2, 28-29, 29 photographs from, 22-23, 24 reciprocity, 101, 108 reflexivity, 117-18 religion, 2, 6,22,41, 52 remembering, 35-37,44-45 representation, 7, 25, 29, 31, 35, 41, 44 Roma women and, 10-11,54,75-79,112 repression, 27-29, 41, 44, 73 reproduction, 10-11, 92-93,101,107, 113-15. See also childbearing/ childbirth reputations, 4, 49, 52, 90, 105 research, 12-13,47,118 host family during, 3-4, 18, 75,100 limitations, 63nl, 96, 116-17 methodology, 6-8,18-19, 96 resettlement, Roma, 28-29, 46n6 respectability, 3, 5, 100, 105, 109,120 responsibilities, 50-51, 53, 99n5,105, 107-8 rights, 74, 89, 99n5, 114 rituals, 39-41,101 weddings as, 107-10,120 role models, 49, 64, 76,101-2,115 ‘Roma elite,’ 7,65, 67, 73, 79-80 Romanes (language), 13, 25, 29,41, 59-60, 97,103 ‘Roma-ness,’ 21, 73,79, 98, 105,107-9, 113-14 Romani studies, 13-15,101,113-14, 115nl, 121 Roma people. See specific topics Rövid, Marton, 14 Rucha (Roma woman), 22-23, 24,29, 33 Rumi (Roma woman), 55, 57 Safka (Roma woman), 84-85 Said, Edward, 11 143 Sana (Roma woman), 39-41 Sasha (Roma woman), 76-77 Sastipe (Bulgarian city), 7,9nl, 93-94,100 Lower Mahala, 5-6,109 mother’s initiative in, 6, 110-11 school. See education/school sédentarisation, 23-24, 27-29 self-governance, 48, 87-88 settlements, 1-2, 22, 28-29 sexuality, 4, 100, 105 shalvari (traditional Roma
attire), 25,25, 29 shame, 57,105,112 Sherifa (Roma woman), 77-78 silence/silencing of memories, 37-38, 44, 121 Silverman, Carol, 13-14 Silvia (Roma girl), 53-54 single mothers, 59, 83-85, 94, 114 skin colour dark, 38, 54,86-87, 91, 105-6 light, 22, 54, 86,105-6 Snezhana (Roma girl), 54, 58-59 social assistance, 93, 113 social construction, 14, 70, 72 ‘social inclusion’/Roma inclusion, 14, 48-50, 61-62, 66, 68-69, 71-72 socialism, 17, 21, 23, 66, 82-83, 83-86, 89, 92, 95, 121 early marriage limited under, 104 racism during, 87 Socialist Modernism architecture, 83 Socialist Realism architecture, 82-83 social orphanhood, 85, 98n3 social workers, 1,16, 93-94, 103 sons, 111, 114 Soviet Bloc, 84, 89 Soviet Union (USSR), 17,25, 27, 45n3, 83 Spivak, Gayatri, 115nl Stalinism, 83 the state, 7, 15-16, 22-35, 28, 70, 83,102, 104, 119. See also children’s homes/ care homes bureaucracy of, 65, 92-93 childcare, 83, 89-90, 94, 98n4,99n5 education, 47-48, 50-51, 57-59, 62, 71, 77 farming by, 20, 27, 45nl
Index 144 the state (cont.) ideologies, 17-18,109 marriage and, 107 moralities, 8, 48 NGOs and, 66 policies of, 48, 52, 66,113 postsocialism, 113 postsocialist period for, 89-92 power of, 28-29, 36-37 state actors, 48, 52,115 status (social), 88,106,110-11,113 insider, 4, 8, 11, 18, 48,73, 117-18 outsider, 3, 8, 21, 48 professional, 62, 65, 67, 69, 73, 79, 82-83, 93, 114 Stefan (Roma boy), 61-62 stereotypes, 49-50, 54, 93, 101-2,102-3, 114-15 sterilization, forced, 114 Stewart, Michael, 14,36 stigma/stigmatization, 67, 88,112 Stoyan (Roma man), 68-71, 73-76 Mrs. Stoyanova (teacher), 47, 49-50, 53, 60,103 ‘strategic essentialism’, 102,115nl subaltern, 115nl subgroup identities, 13 subjectivity, 8, 47-48,118 Surdu, Mihai, 14 taboos, 4,101,112-13,120 Tanko (Roma man), 10 teachers, 1, 48, 62, 86-88, 91-92 Mr. Janakiev as, 50-51, 54, 59, 61 Mrs. Manova as, 51-52, 61 Mrs. Stoyanova as, 47, 49-50, 53, 60, 103 Temi (Roma woman), 88 Tesar, Catalina, 119 time/temporality, 58,117,120-22 TKZS. See ‘Labour-Cooperative Farm’ totalitarianism, 83 travelling/travellers, Roma as, 13, 22-25, 29 Treaty of Lausanne of 1923, 22 trudovo-kooperativno zemedelsko stopanstvo. See ‘Labour-Cooperative Farm’ • Bayerisch® i Staatsbibliothek í München tsigani/tsiganin/tsiganka (Gypsy people, pejorative), 1-2, 20, 29, 38, 75, 86-87,91,97 discrimination, 53-54, 58-60,76-77 Turkey, 22, 35 Turkish (language), 5-6, 29, 59-60 The Unborn Maiden (Bosilek), 54, 59 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), 89, 99n5 ‘underclass,’ 14, 24-25, 45n5, 53 unemployment, 34-35, 89 ‘unfinishedness,’ 11,119,122
university/college, 55, 64, 73, 76-79, 88-89, 109 unmarried women, 3-4, 56-57, 100, 103-5, 107 Upper Mahala, Sastipe, 5-6 USSR. See Soviet Union Verdery, Katherine, 35 Vermeersch, Peter, 67 ‘victimhood,’ Roma, 58, 65, 70, 72,120 violence, 37, 70, 88, 96, 113 Violeta (Roma woman), 86-89 virginity, 105,109 virilocal residence, 106 volunteers, 68,76,102-3 weddings, 8, 39, 41, 42-43, 44-45, 109-10,120-21 ofMirka, 57,106-8 welfare state, 66, 85 Western Europe, 45n, 68-69,112 women/womanhood, 10-11,19,27, 83, 91,107-8 agency of, 101-2,105-7,114,118 childbearing by, 101,110-15 photographs of, 23,24, 25,25, 32, 33 representation and, 75-77,112 as university graduates, 76-79,109 unmarried, 3-4, 56-57,100,103-5, 107 World War 11,20, 36,85 Yıldız, Can, 15 Zuhra (Roma woman), 25 zurna (instrument), 29, 41, 44-45, 111 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Sarafian, Iliana |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1299772161 |
| author_facet | Sarafian, Iliana |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Sarafian, Iliana |
| author_variant | i s is |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049003881 |
| classification_rvk | LB 48000 MS 3500 |
| contents | Introduction. Unexpected beginnings -- Analytical approach : identity, state and kinship -- Narrating beginnings and memories -- Educating Roma children : state and kinship moralities -- The 'hyperreal' vis-à-vis the 'everyday' Roma : identity and activism -- Home and the 'kinning' state -- Gendered strategies : kinship and state moralities -- Conclusion. Unfinished identities |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1381692511 (DE-599)BVBBV049003881 |
| discipline | Soziologie Sozial-/Kulturanthropologie / Empirische Kulturwissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Soziologie Sozial-/Kulturanthropologie / Empirische Kulturwissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Bulgarien |
| id | DE-604.BV049003881 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T22:10:16Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-30T17:02:27Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781800739062 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034267017 |
| oclc_num | 1381692511 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-12 |
| physical | 144 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts 24 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20231009 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Berghahn |
| record_format | marc |
| series | New directions in Romani studies |
| series2 | New directions in Romani studies |
| spelling | Sarafian, Iliana Verfasser (DE-588)1299772161 aut Contesting moralities Roma identities, state and kinship Iliana Sarafian New York ; Oxford Berghahn 2023 144 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier New directions in Romani studies volume 5 Introduction. Unexpected beginnings -- Analytical approach : identity, state and kinship -- Narrating beginnings and memories -- Educating Roma children : state and kinship moralities -- The 'hyperreal' vis-à-vis the 'everyday' Roma : identity and activism -- Home and the 'kinning' state -- Gendered strategies : kinship and state moralities -- Conclusion. Unfinished identities "Roma identities have often been presented in literature as collectively constructed and in opposition to those who are not Roma. Contesting Moralities challenges these preconceptions about Roma identification by disentangling the binaries between Roma and non-Roma, state and non-state, public and private. It explores topics resonating in contemporary Romani studies that are in need of further exploration through individual perspectives, including history, activism, kinship, childhood, and gender hierarchies. The book paints a complex picture of inequality and how it is negotiated amid conflicting, ambiguous and contradictory regimes of power and moral demands, including those of state and kin"-- Ethnizität (DE-588)4220764-2 gnd rswk-swf Verwandtschaft (DE-588)4133957-5 gnd rswk-swf Identität (DE-588)4026482-8 gnd rswk-swf Roma Volk (DE-588)4050473-6 gnd rswk-swf Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 gnd rswk-swf Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 gnd rswk-swf Romanies / Ethnic identity Romanies / Cultural assimilation Romanies / Politics and government Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 g Roma Volk (DE-588)4050473-6 s Identität (DE-588)4026482-8 s Ethnizität (DE-588)4220764-2 s Verwandtschaft (DE-588)4133957-5 s Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-80073-907-9 New directions in Romani studies volume 5 (DE-604)BV047495323 5 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034267017&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034267017&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034267017&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Sarafian, Iliana Contesting moralities Roma identities, state and kinship New directions in Romani studies Introduction. Unexpected beginnings -- Analytical approach : identity, state and kinship -- Narrating beginnings and memories -- Educating Roma children : state and kinship moralities -- The 'hyperreal' vis-à-vis the 'everyday' Roma : identity and activism -- Home and the 'kinning' state -- Gendered strategies : kinship and state moralities -- Conclusion. Unfinished identities Ethnizität (DE-588)4220764-2 gnd Verwandtschaft (DE-588)4133957-5 gnd Identität (DE-588)4026482-8 gnd Roma Volk (DE-588)4050473-6 gnd Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4220764-2 (DE-588)4133957-5 (DE-588)4026482-8 (DE-588)4050473-6 (DE-588)4056618-3 (DE-588)4008866-2 |
| title | Contesting moralities Roma identities, state and kinship |
| title_auth | Contesting moralities Roma identities, state and kinship |
| title_exact_search | Contesting moralities Roma identities, state and kinship |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Contesting moralities Roma identities, state and kinship |
| title_full | Contesting moralities Roma identities, state and kinship Iliana Sarafian |
| title_fullStr | Contesting moralities Roma identities, state and kinship Iliana Sarafian |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contesting moralities Roma identities, state and kinship Iliana Sarafian |
| title_short | Contesting moralities |
| title_sort | contesting moralities roma identities state and kinship |
| title_sub | Roma identities, state and kinship |
| topic | Ethnizität (DE-588)4220764-2 gnd Verwandtschaft (DE-588)4133957-5 gnd Identität (DE-588)4026482-8 gnd Roma Volk (DE-588)4050473-6 gnd Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ethnizität Verwandtschaft Identität Roma Volk Staat Bulgarien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034267017&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034267017&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034267017&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV047495323 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sarafianiliana contestingmoralitiesromaidentitiesstateandkinship |