Biological essentialism:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
2023
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| Ausgabe: | First edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xv, 224 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9780198840282 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents Preface xi 1. Resurrecting Biological Essentialism 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Evidence of the Consensus 1.3 An Argument for Intrinsic Biological Essentialism 1.4 Relational Species Concepts 1.5 A Crucial Distinction 1.6 Species Concepts and the Category Problem (2) 1.7 BSC, ENC, and the Taxon Problem (1) 1.8 The Conspecificity Route to Error about the Taxon Problem (1) 1.9 P-CC and the Taxon Problem (1) 1.10 Variation and Change 1.11 Conclusion 1 1 5 7 10 12 13 15 19 22 25 33 2. Defending Partly Intrinsic Taxon Essentialism 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Clarifications 2.3 Three Important Distinctions 2.4 Variation 2.4.1 The Common Cause Hypothesis 2.4.2 Genetic Variations 2.4.3 Phenotypic Variations 2.4.4 Causes of Phenotypic Properties 2.4.5 Complicated DevelopmentalPathways 2.4.6 Disjunctive Developmental Pathways 2.4.7 Evolving not Timeless 2.5 “The Added Metaphysical Claim” 2.6 The Irrelevance of the Species Concepts 2.7 The Conspecificity Diagnosis 2.8 The Relational View of Conspecificity (R-CON) 2.9 The Essence of Implements (“Artifacts”) 2.10 Godman and Papineau against Partly Intrinsic Taxon Essentialism 2.11 The Historical Species Essentialism of Godman, Mallozzi, and Papineau 2.11.1 The “More Fundamental Objection” 2.11.2 The Positive View 2.12 Conclusion 35 35 36 38 42 42 44 45 46 47 49 53 56 60 63 68 72 78 80 80 82 84
viii CONTENTS 3. Historical Biological Essentialism 3.1 Introduction 3.2 An Argument for Partly Historical Taxon Essentialism 3.3 Hypothesis (1): Descended from Certain Particular Actual Organisms 3.4 Hypothesis (2): Descended from a Certain Kind of Organism (Which Itself has a Wholly Relational Essence) 3.5 Hypothesis (3): Descended from a Certain Kind of Organism with a Partly Intrinsic Essence 3.6 Objections: Twin Earth and the Like 3.7 Conclusion Individual Essentialism in Biology 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Individual Essentialism: A Kripkean View 4.3 An Argument for Partly Intrinsic Individual Essentialism 4.4 An Argument for Partly Historical Individual Essentialism 4.5 Haecceitism 4.6 Essential Membership 4.7 Objection 1: The Interbreeding and Ecological Approaches to Species 4.8 Objection 2: The Cladistic Approach to Species 4.9 Objection 3: Kitcher’s “Dumbbell AUopatry” 4.10 Objection 4: Higher Taxa 4.11 Conclusion 88 88 90 93 96 100 102 104 106 106 108 110 114 115 116 118 119 125 127 130 Type 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 132 132 134 137 141 142 146 146 148 149 150 150 153 154 Racial Realism and Essentialism 6.1 Introduction 6.2 A Presentation of the Racial Realism Issue 6.3 The Reality/Existence Issues about Race 6.4 Racial Taxon Realism 157 157 158 159 162 Specimens and Reference Introduction The Causal Theory of Reference and Levine ’s Thesis The Falsity of Levine’s Thesis·, The Case for Cl “But What about the Theory of Reference?”; The Case for C2 The Causal Theory of Multiple Grounding; The Case for C3 Philosophical Evaluations of Levine’s Thesis 5.6.1 Haber; The Case
for C4 5.6.2 Witteveen 5.6.3 Brzozowski 5.7 Objections 5.7.1 Reviewer RI and Codes of Nomenclature 5.7.2 Reviewer R2 and the Linguistic Turn 5.8 Conclusion
CONTENTS 6.5 Racial Taxon Realism (Humans) 6.5.1 The Case for Racial Taxon Realism (Humans) 6.5.2 Objections to Racial Taxon Realism (Humans) 6.5.3 Rosenberg et al. and the Essences of Alleged Races 6.6 Racial Category Realism (Humans): The “Worthy of the Name” Issue 6.7 Racial Category Realism (Humans): The Explanatory Issue 6.7.1 The Explanatory Issue with Other Categories 6.7.2 The Explanatory Issue with the Category Race 6.7.3 Minimal Concepts of the Higher Categories 6.7.4 A Minimal Concept of the Category Race 6.8 Too Weak to be Interesting? 6.9 Conclusion Glossary of Named Doctrines References Index ІХ 166 166 171 177 179 184 184 186 188 193 197 200 203 205 219 |
| adam_txt |
Contents Preface xi 1. Resurrecting Biological Essentialism 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Evidence of the Consensus 1.3 An Argument for Intrinsic Biological Essentialism 1.4 Relational Species Concepts 1.5 A Crucial Distinction 1.6 Species Concepts and the Category Problem (2) 1.7 BSC, ENC, and the Taxon Problem (1) 1.8 The Conspecificity Route to Error about the Taxon Problem (1) 1.9 P-CC and the Taxon Problem (1) 1.10 Variation and Change 1.11 Conclusion 1 1 5 7 10 12 13 15 19 22 25 33 2. Defending Partly Intrinsic Taxon Essentialism 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Clarifications 2.3 Three Important Distinctions 2.4 Variation 2.4.1 The Common Cause Hypothesis 2.4.2 Genetic Variations 2.4.3 Phenotypic Variations 2.4.4 Causes of Phenotypic Properties 2.4.5 Complicated DevelopmentalPathways 2.4.6 Disjunctive Developmental Pathways 2.4.7 Evolving not Timeless 2.5 “The Added Metaphysical Claim” 2.6 The Irrelevance of the Species Concepts 2.7 The Conspecificity Diagnosis 2.8 The Relational View of Conspecificity (R-CON) 2.9 The Essence of Implements (“Artifacts”) 2.10 Godman and Papineau against Partly Intrinsic Taxon Essentialism 2.11 The Historical Species Essentialism of Godman, Mallozzi, and Papineau 2.11.1 The “More Fundamental Objection” 2.11.2 The Positive View 2.12 Conclusion 35 35 36 38 42 42 44 45 46 47 49 53 56 60 63 68 72 78 80 80 82 84
viii CONTENTS 3. Historical Biological Essentialism 3.1 Introduction 3.2 An Argument for Partly Historical Taxon Essentialism 3.3 Hypothesis (1): Descended from Certain Particular Actual Organisms 3.4 Hypothesis (2): Descended from a Certain Kind of Organism (Which Itself has a Wholly Relational Essence) 3.5 Hypothesis (3): Descended from a Certain Kind of Organism with a Partly Intrinsic Essence 3.6 Objections: Twin Earth and the Like 3.7 Conclusion Individual Essentialism in Biology 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Individual Essentialism: A Kripkean View 4.3 An Argument for Partly Intrinsic Individual Essentialism 4.4 An Argument for Partly Historical Individual Essentialism 4.5 Haecceitism 4.6 Essential Membership 4.7 Objection 1: The Interbreeding and Ecological Approaches to Species 4.8 Objection 2: The Cladistic Approach to Species 4.9 Objection 3: Kitcher’s “Dumbbell AUopatry” 4.10 Objection 4: Higher Taxa 4.11 Conclusion 88 88 90 93 96 100 102 104 106 106 108 110 114 115 116 118 119 125 127 130 Type 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 132 132 134 137 141 142 146 146 148 149 150 150 153 154 Racial Realism and Essentialism 6.1 Introduction 6.2 A Presentation of the Racial Realism Issue 6.3 The Reality/Existence Issues about Race 6.4 Racial Taxon Realism 157 157 158 159 162 Specimens and Reference Introduction The Causal Theory of Reference and Levine ’s Thesis The Falsity of Levine’s Thesis·, The Case for Cl “But What about the Theory of Reference?”; The Case for C2 The Causal Theory of Multiple Grounding; The Case for C3 Philosophical Evaluations of Levine’s Thesis 5.6.1 Haber; The Case
for C4 5.6.2 Witteveen 5.6.3 Brzozowski 5.7 Objections 5.7.1 Reviewer RI and Codes of Nomenclature 5.7.2 Reviewer R2 and the Linguistic Turn 5.8 Conclusion
CONTENTS 6.5 Racial Taxon Realism (Humans) 6.5.1 The Case for Racial Taxon Realism (Humans) 6.5.2 Objections to Racial Taxon Realism (Humans) 6.5.3 Rosenberg et al. and the Essences of Alleged Races 6.6 Racial Category Realism (Humans): The “Worthy of the Name” Issue 6.7 Racial Category Realism (Humans): The Explanatory Issue 6.7.1 The Explanatory Issue with Other Categories 6.7.2 The Explanatory Issue with the Category Race 6.7.3 Minimal Concepts of the Higher Categories 6.7.4 A Minimal Concept of the Category Race 6.8 Too Weak to be Interesting? 6.9 Conclusion Glossary of Named Doctrines References Index ІХ 166 166 171 177 179 184 184 186 188 193 197 200 203 205 219 |
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| title | Biological essentialism |
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