Private international law in Israel:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Alphen aan den Rijn
Wolters Kluwer
[2022]
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| Ausgabe: | Third edition |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | "This book was originally published as a monograph in the International Encyclopaedia of Laws/Private International Law." |
| Beschreibung: | 840 Seiten 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789403500065 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Private international law in Israel |c Talia Einhorn |
| 250 | |a Third edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Alphen aan den Rijn |b Wolters Kluwer |c [2022] | |
| 300 | |a 840 Seiten |c 24 cm | ||
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| 500 | |a "This book was originally published as a monograph in the International Encyclopaedia of Laws/Private International Law." | ||
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034230590&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804185203352010752 |
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| adam_text | Table of Contents The Author 5 List of Abbreviations and HebrewSources 25 General Introduction 31 § !. Historical Development 31 §2. Nature 33 Part I. and Scope General Principles (Choiceof Law Technique) Chapter 1. Sources of PIL 35 35 §1. National Law I. Legislation II. Case Law III. Legal Principles and Maxims IV. Literature 35 35 35 36 38 §2. International Law I. Multi- and Bilateral Treaties A. Multilateral Treaties 1. Civil Procedure and Legal Assistance 2. Status 3. Family Law 4. Succession Law 5. Intellectual Property Law 6. Law of Obligations 7. Arbitration B. Bilateral Treaties 1. The Palestinian Authority 2. Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments II. International Customary Law 38 38 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 41 §3. Customary La w/lex mercatoria 41 7
Table of Contents Chapter 2. Determination of the Applicable Law 42 §1 . Conflict of Law Rules 42 I. Types of Conflict of Law Rules 42 A. Hard and Fast Rules versus Weighing and Balancing Contacts 42 B. Exception Clauses 42 C. Multilateral versus Unilateral Conflict Rules 43 II. Connecting Factors 44 A. General Policy of Law Selection 44 B. Exception Clause 44 C. The Personal Connecting Factor:Domicile/Habitual Residence versus Nationality (Citizenship) or Religious Affiliation 46 1. Nationality (Citizenship) 46 2. Domicile/Habitual Residence 47 3. Residence Simple 50 4. Religious Affiliation 51 D. Lex rei «toť/Unity of Property 51 III. Time Factors/conflit mobile 52 IV. Dépeçage 54 A. Formalities 55 B. Capacity 55 C. Choice of Applicable Law (Party Autonomy) 56 D. Trilateral Relations: ConsensualAgency/Authority of Agents 56 E. Prescription 58 §2 .Relevant Contact and Evasion of the §3 .Choice of Law (Party Autonomy) 60 §4 . Objective Connecting Factor I. Principle of the Closest Connection II. The Personal Connecting Factor (Domicile/Habitual Residence/ Nationality (Citizenship)/Religious Affiliation) III. Registered Office IV. Lex loci delicti V. Lex rei sitae 61 61 §5 . Changes in the Connecting Factors; Changes in the causae 8 58 Law 61 61 61 62 lex 62 §6 . Vested Rights 63 §7 . Combination of Connecting Factors I. Alternative Connecting Factors IL A Cascade of Connecting Factors 63 63 65
Table of Contents Chapter 3. Basic Terms § 1. Characterization (Classification 66 or 66 Qualification) §2 . Preliminary Question 68 §3 . Substance 69 and Procedure §4 . Renvoi 70 §5 . Block Reference 73 §6 . General Conflict Rule/Special Conflict Rule 75 §7 . Adjustment/Adaptation (Angleichung/Anpassung) 75 §8 . Ordre public (Public Policy) 79 §9 . Foreign Public Law 82 §10 . Law of Third Countries 85 §11 . Economic Conflict of Law Rules (Wirtschaftskollisionsrecht) §12 . Evasion of the Law (fraude Λ ea Israeli Law lo/)/Mandatory §13 . Reference to the Law of States with Part II. of 89 Rules of Choice of Law Chapter 1. Persons §1 . Natural Persons I. Legal Capacity II. Name III. Nationality/HabitualReşidence/Domicile IV. Stateless Persons and Refugees V. Missing Persons A. International Jurisdiction B. The Applicable Law C. Recognition of Foreign Declarations VI. Change of Gender (Transsexuals) §2 . Legal Persons Rules 87 89 Multiple Legal Orders 91 91 91 91 95 96 96 97 97 98 99 99 102 9
Table of Contents Chapter 2. Obligations 105 §1. Contractual Obligations I. Autonomy of the Parties A. The General Rule: Prevalence of Party Autonomy B. Choice of Non-state Law C. Exceptions to Party Autonomy II. Applicable Law in the Absence of Choice A. The Law of the Closest Connection B. Exceptions to the Genera! Rule III. Scope of the Applicable Law IV. Material Validity V. Formal Validity VI. Representation VII. Voluntary Assignment of Contractualand Non-contractual Claims VIII. Contractual Subrogation IX. Legal Subrogation X. Multiparty Agreements XI. Set-Off XII. Exclusion of Renvoi 105 105 105 106 107 109 109 113 114 114 114 115 116 117 118 118 118 119 §2. Particular Contracts I. Contracts for the International Sale ofGoods II. Consumer Contracts III. Individual Employment Contracts IV. Contracts for the Carriage of Passengers orGoods A. Contracts for the Carriage of Goods by Sea B. Contracts for the Carriage of Passengers C. Carriage by Air V. Insurance Contracts A. The General Principle B. Marine Insurance C. Consumer Insurance Contracts D. Life Assurance E. Insurance of Road Traffic Accidents/International Travel F. Reinsurance Contracts VI. Contracts for the Transfer or Licensing of IP Rights VII. Agency Contracts/Authority of Agent A. The Characteristic Set of Relationships B. The (Internal) Relationship Between Principal and Agent C. The Relationship Between the Principal (P) and the Third Party (T) D. The (External) Relationship Between Agent and Third Party 1. Party Autonomy 2. The General Default Rule VIII. Hybrid Contracts A. Financial Leasing 119 119 119
123 131 131 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 140 141 142 142 143 10 144 145 146 146 147 147
Table of Contents B. Factoring C. Franchising IX. Negotiable Instruments A. Bills of Exchange and Checks B. Letters of Credit §3. Non-contractual Obligations I. Torts Conflict Rules de lege lata A. The Application of the English Common Law Rules in the Early Years B. The Shift to the Law of the Most Significant Relationship C. Discarding the American Restatement 2d D. Applying the lex loci delicti commissi 1. The Yinon Landmark Case 2. Developments in Israeli Law Following Yinon E. Traffic Accidents F. Product Liability G. Critical Evaluation II. Torts Conflict Rules de lege ferenda A. Freedom of Choice/Party Autonomy B. The Objective Connection: lex loci damni C. Exception Clause D. Traffic Accidents E. Product Liability F. Violation of Privacy and Rights Relating to Personality G. Unfair Commercial Practices H. Restraint of Competition I. Infringements of Industrial and Intellectual Property Rights J. Environmental Damage K. Nuisance L. Scope of the Applicable Law Μ. Rules of Safety and Conduct N. Direct Action Against the Insurer of the Person Liable O. Subrogation P. Voluntary Assignment Q. Multiple Debtors R. Exclusion of renvoi III. Negotiorum gestio A. The Applicable Law: The General Rules B. Exception Clause C. Freedom of Choice IV. Unjustified Enrichment A. The Applicable Law: The General Rules B. Exception Clause C. Freedom of Choice V. Culpa in contrahendo 149 150 15! 151 153 155 155 155 156 156 157 157 165 170 177 177 178 178 179 180 182 182 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 186 187 187 190 192 192 192 193 193 193 193 194 194 195 195 11
Table of Contents Chapter 3. Property Law 196 §1 . General Rules 196 I. Lex rei sitae 196 II. Movables, Immovables 197 III. Transfer of Property 198 A. The Interface Between the lex contractus and the lex rei sitae 198 B. Capacity to Convey 198 C. Formal Validity 198 D. Retention of Title 198 E. Property Rights Not yet Perfected under the Former lex rei sitae 199 IV. Renvoi 200 V. Exception Clause 200 VI. Owner-Tenant/Timesharing Relationship 201 §2 . Movable Property: Special Rules L Goods in Transit II. Means of Transportation III. Cultural Property A. Protection of National Cultural Property B. Special Rules Concerning Certain Loansof Cultural Property IV. Other Goods Subject to Export/Import Controls V. Shares in Companies VI. Negotiable Instruments/Securities Transferredby Delivery 201 201 202 205 205 207 208 209 209 §3 . Trust Property I. The Trust in Israeli Law II. The Law Applicable to Trusts A. Autonomy to Choose the Governing Law B. The Objectively Applicable Law in the Absence of Choice C. Overriding Mandatory Rules D. Ordre public III. Scope of Application of the Governing Law IV. Creating Transnational Trusts: Launching the Rocket V. The Law Applicable to Acquisition by Transferee of Property Rights to Trust Assets 209 209 210 210 211 212 212 212 213 §4 . Expropriation 214 Chapter 4. Intangible PropertyRights 216 §1 . Intellectual and Industrial Property Rights Overview I. Copyright II. Patents and New Varieties of Plants 12 in Israeli 214 PIL: 216 217 218
Table of Contents III. IV. V. VI. VII. Trademarks Industrial Designs Appellations of Origin (Geographical Indications) Undisclosed Information/Trade Secrets Visually Impaired Persons 218 218 218 219 219 §2. Copyright and Related Rights 219 I. The Creation and Protection of Rights 219 II. The General Rule of the lex loci protectionis 222 III. Exceptions to the General Rule 224 A. The Law of the State of Origin 224 B. The Law of the State of Nationality or Habitual Residence of the Author 224 C. Effects of Reciprocity 224 IV. Ownership of Copyright in Works Created by Employees 225 V. Agreements Concerning Transfer of Copyright or Rights of Exploitation 225 VI. Infringement of Copyright 226 A. The Law Applicable to Infringement of Copyright 226 B. The Law Applicable to Remedies for Infringement 227 §3 . Patents I. The Creation and Protection of Rights II. The General Rule of the lex loci protectionis III. Employee’s Inventions IV. Patent Assignments and Licensing of Patent Rights V. Patent Infringement 228 228 229 229 230 231 §4 . Trademarks I. The Creation and Protection of Rights II. The General Rule of the lexloci protectionis ІП. Trademark Assignments and Licensing IV. Trademark Infringement 232 232 233 233 233 §5 . Undisclosed Information/Trade Secrets 234 §6 . Goodwill 235 §7 . Rights of Personality 235 Chapter 5. Company Law 236 § I. Companies in PIL 236 §2 . Applicable Law I. The General Rule 236 236 13
Table of Contents II. Companies incorporated in Israel, Listed for Trading on Certain Foreign Stock Exchanges, or Having Dual Listings on the Foreign Exchange and on TASE §3 . Recognition of Companies and Other Legal Persons 237 246 §4 . Scope of the Law Applicable to a Company 1. The Legal Nature, Legal Capacity and Capacity to Act II. Formation, Reorganization and Dissolution III. Company Name or Business/Trade Name IV. The Company’s Organization V. Representative Powers of the Company Organs VI. Membership VII. Liability for the Company’s Obligations VIII. Liability for Breach of Duties under Company Law IX. Accounts, Auditing and Disclosure 246 246 247 247 248 249 250 250 251 256 §5 . Formal Validity 257 §6 . Limitations of Authority 258 §7 . Claims Arising Securities 258 out of Public Issues of Equity or Debt §8 . Cross-Border Reorganization §9 . Change of the 258 Applicable Law 260 261 §10 . Renvoi §11 . Foreign Companies Maintaining aPlace of Business in Israel 261 §12 . Corporate Groups (Concerns) 262 Chapter 6. CorporateInsolvency and Personal Bankruptcy 267 § 1. Overview 267 §2 . International Insolvency Prior to the Insolvency Law (15 September 2019) 269 I. Primary Proceedings in Israel 269 A. Overview: Principles of Universality and of Non discrimination 269 B. Applicable Law: The General Rule of the lex fori concursus and Exceptions 273 II. Ancillary, or Concurrent, Insolvency Proceedings in Israel 278 14
Table of Contents §3. International Insolvency Following the Adoption of the Insolvency Law (15 September 2019) 280 I. Definitions and Scope of Application of Title 9 (Chapter A, §§293-294) 280 II. The Access of Foreign Office Holders and Foreign Creditors to the Israeli Competent Authority Supervising the Insolvency Proceedings (Chapter B, §§295-299) 281 III. The Recognition of Foreign Insolvency Proceedings (Chapter C, §§300-307) 282 IV. The Cooperation with a Foreign Competent Authority Supervising the Insolvency Proceedings and with a Foreign Office Holder (Chapter D, §§308-310) 282 V. Parallel Proceedings (Chapter E, §§311-315) 283 VI. Miscellaneous Provisions(ChapterF, §§316-317) 283 VII. Critical Evaluation 283 Chapter 7. Family Law § 1. Introduction §2 . The Legal I. Personal II. Personal III. Personal 287 287 Sources of Israeli Family Law: Historical Survey 290 Matters under OttomanRule 290 Matters During the British Mandate 291 Matters under Israeli Law 294 §3 . The Personal Connecting Factors in Family LawMatters I. Nationality 11. Domicile III. Religion A. Religion as a Personal Connecting Factor B. Religious Affiliation/No Religion/Dual Religious Affiliation C. Change of Religion 299 299 300 300 300 301 302 §4 . Marriage/Establishment of FamilyUnions I. Engagement/Promise of Matrimony A. Jurisdiction B. Applicable Law II. Celebration of Marriage in Israel III. Recognition of Marriage Celebrated Abroad A. Marriage Celebrated Abroad Between Spouses Not Domiciled in Israel at the Time of Their Marriage B. Marriage Celebrated Abroad Between Spouses Domiciled in
Israel at the Time of Their Marriage 311 IV. Registered Partnerships/Civil Unions V. Reputed Spouses (Extra-Marital Cohabitation) A. Reputed Spouses Domiciled in Israel B. Foreign Reputed Spouses or Analogous Family Unions 305 305 305 307 308 309 309 313 315 315 317 15
Table of Contents §5 . Personal Effects of Marriage I. Subject-Matters Covered II. Jurisdiction III. Applicable Law 317 317 318 319 §6 . Maintenance Obligations Between Spouses 319 I. Overview 319 II. Jurisdiction 321 A. Jurisdiction with Respect to Israeli Citizens Domiciled in Israel 321 1. Jurisdiction with Respect to Jews 321 2. Jurisdiction with Respect to Muslims 322 3. Jurisdiction with Respect to Druze 323 4. Jurisdiction with Respect to Christians Belonging to a Recognized Religious Community 323 5. Jurisdiction with Respect to Persons Belonging to an Unrecognized Religious Community or Having no Personal Law 324 6. Jurisdiction with Respect to Mixed (Inter-Faith) Marriages 324 7. Jurisdiction with Respect to Persons Affiliated with More Than One Religion 324 8. Jurisdiction with Respect to Converts 324 B. Jurisdiction with Respect to Foreigners and Stateless Persons Domiciled in Israel 327 C. Jurisdiction with Respect to Reputed Spouses 327 D. Jurisdiction with Respect to Spouses Who Had a Civil Marriage Abroad 327 E. Jurisdiction with Respect to Persons Domiciled Abroad 328 III. Applicable Law 330 A. The General Rule: Law of the Place of Domicile 330 B. The Inter-Personal Rules for Persons Domiciled inIsrael 332 1. The Basic Rules 332 2. The Law Applicable to Spouses Having a Personal Law 333 3. The Law Applicable to Persons Not Having a Personal Law 339 4. The Law Applicable to Reputed Spouses 340 5. The Law Applicable to Same-Sex Spouses Married Abroad 340 §7. Family Unions Property Relations I. Overview II. Jurisdiction A. International Jurisdiction B. Inter-
Personal Jurisdiction III. Applicable Law A. Opposite-Sex Family Unions Established by Marriage 16 340 340 345 345 346 349 349
Table of Contents The General Rule Renvoi Formal Validity Immovable PropertySituated in aForeign State The Default Rule in the Absence of a Common Domicile 6. Choice of Law 7. The Law Applied by theReligious Courts B. Same-Sex Family Unions Established by Civil Marriage Abroad C. ReputedSpouses(Opposite-Sex or Same-Sex) D. Registered Partnerships Established Abroad 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 349 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 359 §8. Divorce 359 I. Overview 359 II. Divorce of Jewish Spouses 360 A. The SpecialFeatures of Jewish Divorce 360 B. Jurisdiction: The Rules 362 C, Jurisdiction: Comments on the Rules 364 I. Jurisdiction in the Case of Jews in Israel, Domiciled in, or Citizens of, Israel 364 2. Jurisdiction to Dissolve Civil Marriages Celebrated Abroad 367 3. Jurisdiction to Dissolve Same-Sex Marriages Celebrated Abroad 369 4. The Scope of International Jurisdiction of the Rabbinical Courts 370 III. Divorce of MuslimSpouses 375 IV. Divorce of Christian Spouses Belonging to the Same Recognized Religious Community 376 A. Both Spouses are Israeli Citizens 376 B. One of the Spouses,or Both, Are Foreign Citizens 376 1. Jurisdiction 376 2. Applicable Law 379 V. Divorce of Druze Spouses 379 VI. Dissolution of Marriage: Spouses Affiliated with an Unrecognized Religious Community, with None, or with Two Different Religious Communities 380 VIL Divorce of Karaite Spouses: A Special Case 383 VIII. Recognition of Divorce Proceedings in a Foreign Country 384 §9. Determination of Parenthood I. Overview A. The General Principles in Israeli Substantive Law B. Determination ofParenthood in
Surrogacy Cases II. Jurisdiction A. The International Aspect 385 385 385 391 396 396 17
Table of Contents B. The Inter-Personal Aspect III. Applicable Law A. The International Aspect B. The Effect of Religious Law 1. Jewish Law 2. Islamic Law 3. Druze Law 4. Christian Religious Communities §10 . Child Adoption I. International Legal Sources II. Jurisdiction A. The International Aspect B. The Inter-Personal Aspect III. Applicable Law A. The International Aspect B. The Inter-Personal Aspect IV. Recognition of Foreign Adoptions 397 399 399 401 402 403 406 406 406 406 407 407 408 409 409 411 411 §11 . Child Maintenance 415 I. Jurisdiction 415 A. Jurisdiction with Respect to Israeli Parents Domiciled in Israel 415 1. Jurisdiction with Respect to a Child Born to a Jewish Father and Mother 415 2. Jurisdiction with Respect to Children Born to Israeli Parents Who Are Both Muslims, Christians of Recognized Religious Communities, or Druze 417 3. Jurisdiction with Respect to Children Born to Israeli Parents Who Had an Inter-faith Marriage, or are Affiliated with Unrecognized Religious Communities, or with None 417 4. Jurisdiction with Respect to Foreigners and Stateless Parents Domiciled in Israel 417 B. Jurisdiction with Respect to Parents Domiciled in a Foreign Country 418 II. Applicable Law 420 A. The General Rule: Law of thePlace of Domicile 420 B. The Inter-Personal Rules Applying to Children Domiciled in Israel 420 1. The Basic Rules 420 2. The Law Applicableto Parents Having a Personal Law 421 §12. Custody of Minors I. Jurisdiction A. The International Aspect B. The Inter-Personal Aspect 18 425 425 425 427
Tahle of Contents II. Applicable Law 428 A. The International Aspect 428 B. The Inter-Personal Aspect Concerning Minors Domiciled in Israel 429 1. Applying the Substantive Rules of the Capacity and Guardianship Law 429 2. Applying the Women’s Equal Rights Law, 5711-1951 431 3. Protecting Basic Rights 431 §13 . Guardianship/Parental Authority I. Overview II. Jurisdiction A. The International Aspect B. The Inter-Personal Aspect III. Applicable Law 431 431 432 432 432 432 §14 . Child Abduction I. Overview II. Application of the Conventionby the Israeli Courts 433 433 434 Chapter 8. Succession Law 440 §1 . Overview 440 §2 . Jurisdiction 441 §3 . Applicable Law I. Lex successionis A. The General Rule L The Law of State В Refers to Israeli Substantive Law 2. The Law of State В Refers to the ‘Entire’ Israeli Law B. Scope of the Lex Successionis C. Exception to the General Rule D. Limits to the Applicationof a Foreign Law II. Testamentary Disposition A. Capacity to Make a Will B. Choice of the lex successionis (professie iuris) C. Formai Validity of a Will D. Substantive Validity of a Will E. Interpretation of a Will III. Inheritance Agreements IV. The Preliminary Questionin Israeli International Succession Law A. Ploni v. Pionit B. Pionit e Almani C. Lea Yahud v. IsraelYahud D. The Status of a Widow or Divorcée in Succession Proceedings 446 446 446 447 447 450 450 452 453 453 454 456 457 458 458 458 459 459 460 460 19
Table of Contents E. The Status of a Reputed Spouse in Succession Proceedings 461 §4 . Recognition of a Foreign Succession or Probate Order I. No Direct Recognition II. Indirect Recognition of a Foreign Succession Order or Probate III. Critical Appraisal 461 461 467 468 §5 . Administration of International Estates I. Appointing an Administrator of an International Estate II. The Applicable Law in the Administration of an International Estate 470 470 473 Part III. International Civil Procedure 475 Chapter 1. Jurisdictional Immunities 475 §1 . Overview I. Foreign States Immunity from Jurisdiction II. Foreign States Immunity from Jurisdiction under Israeli Case Law III. State of Israel Immunity and Limitations on Jurisdiction in Actions Relating to Warfare Acts §2 . Immunity from Execution 475 475 478 484 486 §3 . Diplomatic and Consular Immunity 488 §4 .Immunity 489 of International Organizations Chapter 2. International Jurisdiction §1 . International Jurisdiction and National Jurisdiction: Overview §2 . International Jurisdiction in Claims in personam I. General Principles II. Service of the Claim in Israel A. Presence of the Defendant in Israel at the Time of Service B. Service upon Individuals С. Service upon Foreign Corporations D. Service on Persons in Judea and Samaria III. Service of Process Outside Israel A. The General Requirements B. The Exceptional Situations in Which Service out of the Jurisdiction Is Allowed С. The Procedure for Serving the Defendant Abroad 20 493 493 494 494 497 498 504 504 505 507 507 510 531
Table of Contents D. Substituted Service Abroad E. Challenging Service Abroad IV. Submission to Israeli Courts Jurisdiction A. Submission by Effecting Appearance B. Submission by Jurisdiction Agreements 532 532 536 536 537 §3. Jurisdiction Agreements, forum non conveniens, lis alibi pendens, Anti-suit Injunctions 538 I. Jurisdiction Agreements 538 A. Agreement to Litigate in Israel 538 B. Agreement to Litigate in a Foreign Country 538 C. Jurisdiction Agreements in Consumer Contracts 542 D. Jurisdiction Agreements in Employment Contracts 545 E. Jurisdiction Agreements in Commercial Agents’ Contracts 547 II. Forum non conveniens 548 A. Forum non conveniens in the Civil Courts 548 B. Forum non conveniens in the Rabbinical Courts 560 III. Lis alibi pendens 561 IV. Claims for Negative Declarations 565 V. Summary 568 VI. Anti-suit Injunctions 569 A. The Requirements for Obtaining anAnti-Suit Injunction 570 B. The Availability of Anti-Suit Injunctions in Cross-Border Cases 572 1. Obligations 572 2. Property 574 3. Intellectual Property 575 4. Corporate Law 577 5. Bankruptcy/Insolvency Proceedings 578 6. Family Law 582 C. Anticipatory Anti-Suit Injunctions 585 D. Alternatives to Anti-Suit Injunctions 585 E. Summary 586 F. Anti-Suit Injunctions 587 G. Extension of Israeli Period of Limitations due to a Foreign Anti-Suit Injunction 587 H. Anti-Enforcement Injunctions 587 §4 . International Jurisdiction Regarding Foreign Immovable Property 591 §5 . International Jurisdiction in Admiralty Claims in rem 595 21
Table of Contents Chapter 3. Procedure in International Litigation 602 §1 . Lex fori processoaus 602 §2 . Legal Assistance L Service of Documents A. International Conventions B. Domestic Legislation C. Application D. Service on Foreign States or Diplomats II. Access to Justice A. Free Legal Aid 1. International Conventions 2. Domestic Legislation B. Security for Costs 1. International Conventions 2. Domestic Legislation C. Language to Be Used 1. International Conventions 2. Domestic Legislation III. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments IV. Evidence A. International Conventions B. Domestic Legislation C. Application 1. Obtaining Evidence Abroad for Use in Israeli Proceedings 2. Obtaining Evidence in Israel for Use in Another Jurisdiction 602 603 603 604 605 606 608 608 608 608 609 609 609 609 609 611 611 611 611 612 612 612 622 §3 . Intermediary and Protective Measures/Mareva (Freezing) Orders 623 I. Intermediary and Protective Measures Ancillary to Foreign Proceedings 623 II. Mareva (Freezing) Orders 626 §4 . Proof of Foreign Law I. The Problem of Applying Foreign Law in Domestic Courts II. The Rules Applying in Israel de lege lata III. The Qualification of the Foreign Law as a Fact IV. The Presumption Regarding the Identity of Laws V. The Burden of Proof VI. Proposed Reform 22 631 631 633 635 637 639 639
Table of Contents Chapter 4. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 641 §1 . Overview 641 §2 . The Legal Bases for Recognition and Enforcement I. International Agreements II. Domestic Law 641 641 646 §3 . Direct Recognition of Foreign Judgments I. Direct Recognition under the FJEL II. Critical Appraisal III. Direct Recognition under English CommonLaw Rules 647 647 651 656 §4 . Incidental Recognition 658 §5 . Recognition of a under the FJEL Foreign Judgment ex lege 659 §6 . Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 660 I. Enforcement under the FJEL 660 A. Foreign Judgments Enforceable under the FJEL 660 B. The Conditions for Enforcing a Foreign Judgment 662 I. Cumulative Conditions for Enforcement (§3, FJEL) 662 2. The Reciprocity Requirement (§4, FJEL) 667 3. Defenses (§6, FJEL) 670 4. Prescription (§5, FJEL) 675 5. Prejudice to State Sovereignty or Security (§7, FJEL) 676 6. Enforcement of a Provisional Judgment or Interim Order (§8. FJEL) 676 7. Subsequent Revision of an Enforceable Judgment 678 C. The Competent Israeli Court in Enforcement Proceedings 681 D. Execution of an Enforceable Foreign Judgment (§ 10, FJEL) 681 I. Comments 681 E. Implementation andRegulations (§13, FJEL) 682 1. Comment 682 II. Enforcement under English Common Law Rules 682 III. Judgment on Judgment 683 IV. Judgment on Arbitral Award 685 V. Confirmation of Israeli JudgmentsforEnforcement Abroad 685 Chapter 5. International Arbitration 687 §1 . Overview 687 §2 . The Legal Sources I. International Conventions 687 687 23
Table of Contents Π. Domestic Law 688 §3 . The Arbitration Agreement 690 §4 . Separability of the Arbitration Agreement 692 §5 . Enforcement of the Arbitration Agreement 694 §6 . Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal 697 §7 . Jurisdiction of the Arbitral Tribunal 698 §8 . The Arbitration Procedure 699 §9 . The Law Applicable to the Decision on the Merits 699 § 10. The Application §11 . Intermediary §12 . Recognition Mandatory Rules of Law of and and Protective Measures Enforcement of a Foreign Arbitral Award §13 . Prescription Period Applicable to Enforcement Action § 14. Recognition Award a Judgment on Arbitral and Enforcement of 701 703 704 713 714 Bibliography 723 Table of Cases 741 Table of Statutory Instruments 811 Table of Foreign Statutory Instruments 817 Table of International Treaties 821 Index 827 24
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Table of Contents The Author 5 List of Abbreviations and HebrewSources 25 General Introduction 31 § !. Historical Development 31 §2. Nature 33 Part I. and Scope General Principles (Choiceof Law Technique) Chapter 1. Sources of PIL 35 35 §1. National Law I. Legislation II. Case Law III. Legal Principles and Maxims IV. Literature 35 35 35 36 38 §2. International Law I. Multi- and Bilateral Treaties A. Multilateral Treaties 1. Civil Procedure and Legal Assistance 2. Status 3. Family Law 4. Succession Law 5. Intellectual Property Law 6. Law of Obligations 7. Arbitration B. Bilateral Treaties 1. The Palestinian Authority 2. Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments II. International Customary Law 38 38 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 41 §3. Customary La w/lex mercatoria 41 7
Table of Contents Chapter 2. Determination of the Applicable Law 42 §1 . Conflict of Law Rules 42 I. Types of Conflict of Law Rules 42 A. Hard and Fast Rules versus Weighing and Balancing Contacts 42 B. Exception Clauses 42 C. Multilateral versus Unilateral Conflict Rules 43 II. Connecting Factors 44 A. General Policy of Law Selection 44 B. Exception Clause 44 C. The Personal Connecting Factor:Domicile/Habitual Residence versus Nationality (Citizenship) or Religious Affiliation 46 1. Nationality (Citizenship) 46 2. Domicile/Habitual Residence 47 3. Residence Simple 50 4. Religious Affiliation 51 D. Lex rei «toť/Unity of Property 51 III. Time Factors/conflit mobile 52 IV. Dépeçage 54 A. Formalities 55 B. Capacity 55 C. Choice of Applicable Law (Party Autonomy) 56 D. Trilateral Relations: ConsensualAgency/Authority of Agents 56 E. Prescription 58 §2 .Relevant Contact and Evasion of the §3 .Choice of Law (Party Autonomy) 60 §4 . Objective Connecting Factor I. Principle of the Closest Connection II. The Personal Connecting Factor (Domicile/Habitual Residence/ Nationality (Citizenship)/Religious Affiliation) III. Registered Office IV. Lex loci delicti V. Lex rei sitae 61 61 §5 . Changes in the Connecting Factors; Changes in the causae 8 58 Law 61 61 61 62 lex 62 §6 . Vested Rights 63 §7 . Combination of Connecting Factors I. Alternative Connecting Factors IL A Cascade of Connecting Factors 63 63 65
Table of Contents Chapter 3. Basic Terms § 1. Characterization (Classification 66 or 66 Qualification) §2 . Preliminary Question 68 §3 . Substance 69 and Procedure §4 . Renvoi 70 §5 . Block Reference 73 §6 . General Conflict Rule/Special Conflict Rule 75 §7 . Adjustment/Adaptation (Angleichung/Anpassung) 75 §8 . Ordre public (Public Policy) 79 §9 . Foreign Public Law 82 §10 . Law of Third Countries 85 §11 . Economic Conflict of Law Rules (Wirtschaftskollisionsrecht) §12 . Evasion of the Law (fraude Λ ea Israeli Law lo/)/Mandatory §13 . Reference to the Law of States with Part II. of 89 Rules of Choice of Law Chapter 1. Persons §1 . Natural Persons I. Legal Capacity II. Name III. Nationality/HabitualReşidence/Domicile IV. Stateless Persons and Refugees V. Missing Persons A. International Jurisdiction B. The Applicable Law C. Recognition of Foreign Declarations VI. Change of Gender (Transsexuals) §2 . Legal Persons Rules 87 89 Multiple Legal Orders 91 91 91 91 95 96 96 97 97 98 99 99 102 9
Table of Contents Chapter 2. Obligations 105 §1. Contractual Obligations I. Autonomy of the Parties A. The General Rule: Prevalence of Party Autonomy B. Choice of Non-state Law C. Exceptions to Party Autonomy II. Applicable Law in the Absence of Choice A. The Law of the Closest Connection B. Exceptions to the Genera! Rule III. Scope of the Applicable Law IV. Material Validity V. Formal Validity VI. Representation VII. Voluntary Assignment of Contractualand Non-contractual Claims VIII. Contractual Subrogation IX. Legal Subrogation X. Multiparty Agreements XI. Set-Off XII. Exclusion of Renvoi 105 105 105 106 107 109 109 113 114 114 114 115 116 117 118 118 118 119 §2. Particular Contracts I. Contracts for the International Sale ofGoods II. Consumer Contracts III. Individual Employment Contracts IV. Contracts for the Carriage of Passengers orGoods A. Contracts for the Carriage of Goods by Sea B. Contracts for the Carriage of Passengers C. Carriage by Air V. Insurance Contracts A. The General Principle B. Marine Insurance C. Consumer Insurance Contracts D. Life Assurance E. Insurance of Road Traffic Accidents/International Travel F. Reinsurance Contracts VI. Contracts for the Transfer or Licensing of IP Rights VII. Agency Contracts/Authority of Agent A. The Characteristic Set of Relationships B. The (Internal) Relationship Between Principal and Agent C. The Relationship Between the Principal (P) and the Third Party (T) D. The (External) Relationship Between Agent and Third Party 1. Party Autonomy 2. The General Default Rule VIII. Hybrid Contracts A. Financial Leasing 119 119 119
123 131 131 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 140 141 142 142 143 10 144 145 146 146 147 147
Table of Contents B. Factoring C. Franchising IX. Negotiable Instruments A. Bills of Exchange and Checks B. Letters of Credit §3. Non-contractual Obligations I. Torts Conflict Rules de lege lata A. The Application of the English Common Law Rules in the Early Years B. The Shift to the Law of the Most Significant Relationship C. Discarding the American Restatement 2d D. Applying the lex loci delicti commissi 1. The Yinon Landmark Case 2. Developments in Israeli Law Following Yinon E. Traffic Accidents F. Product Liability G. Critical Evaluation II. Torts Conflict Rules de lege ferenda A. Freedom of Choice/Party Autonomy B. The Objective Connection: lex loci damni C. Exception Clause D. Traffic Accidents E. Product Liability F. Violation of Privacy and Rights Relating to Personality G. Unfair Commercial Practices H. Restraint of Competition I. Infringements of Industrial and Intellectual Property Rights J. Environmental Damage K. Nuisance L. Scope of the Applicable Law Μ. Rules of Safety and Conduct N. Direct Action Against the Insurer of the Person Liable O. Subrogation P. Voluntary Assignment Q. Multiple Debtors R. Exclusion of renvoi III. Negotiorum gestio A. The Applicable Law: The General Rules B. Exception Clause C. Freedom of Choice IV. Unjustified Enrichment A. The Applicable Law: The General Rules B. Exception Clause C. Freedom of Choice V. Culpa in contrahendo 149 150 15! 151 153 155 155 155 156 156 157 157 165 170 177 177 178 178 179 180 182 182 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 186 187 187 190 192 192 192 193 193 193 193 194 194 195 195 11
Table of Contents Chapter 3. Property Law 196 §1 . General Rules 196 I. Lex rei sitae 196 II. Movables, Immovables 197 III. Transfer of Property 198 A. The Interface Between the lex contractus and the lex rei sitae 198 B. Capacity to Convey 198 C. Formal Validity 198 D. Retention of Title 198 E. Property Rights Not yet Perfected under the Former lex rei sitae 199 IV. Renvoi 200 V. Exception Clause 200 VI. Owner-Tenant/Timesharing Relationship 201 §2 . Movable Property: Special Rules L Goods in Transit II. Means of Transportation III. Cultural Property A. Protection of National Cultural Property B. Special Rules Concerning Certain Loansof Cultural Property IV. Other Goods Subject to Export/Import Controls V. Shares in Companies VI. Negotiable Instruments/Securities Transferredby Delivery 201 201 202 205 205 207 208 209 209 §3 . Trust Property I. The Trust in Israeli Law II. The Law Applicable to Trusts A. Autonomy to Choose the Governing Law B. The Objectively Applicable Law in the Absence of Choice C. Overriding Mandatory Rules D. Ordre public III. Scope of Application of the Governing Law IV. Creating Transnational Trusts: Launching the Rocket V. The Law Applicable to Acquisition by Transferee of Property Rights to Trust Assets 209 209 210 210 211 212 212 212 213 §4 . Expropriation 214 Chapter 4. Intangible PropertyRights 216 §1 . Intellectual and Industrial Property Rights Overview I. Copyright II. Patents and New Varieties of Plants 12 in Israeli 214 PIL: 216 217 218
Table of Contents III. IV. V. VI. VII. Trademarks Industrial Designs Appellations of Origin (Geographical Indications) Undisclosed Information/Trade Secrets Visually Impaired Persons 218 218 218 219 219 §2. Copyright and Related Rights 219 I. The Creation and Protection of Rights 219 II. The General Rule of the lex loci protectionis 222 III. Exceptions to the General Rule 224 A. The Law of the State of Origin 224 B. The Law of the State of Nationality or Habitual Residence of the Author 224 C. Effects of Reciprocity 224 IV. Ownership of Copyright in Works Created by Employees 225 V. Agreements Concerning Transfer of Copyright or Rights of Exploitation 225 VI. Infringement of Copyright 226 A. The Law Applicable to Infringement of Copyright 226 B. The Law Applicable to Remedies for Infringement 227 §3 . Patents I. The Creation and Protection of Rights II. The General Rule of the lex loci protectionis III. Employee’s Inventions IV. Patent Assignments and Licensing of Patent Rights V. Patent Infringement 228 228 229 229 230 231 §4 . Trademarks I. The Creation and Protection of Rights II. The General Rule of the lexloci protectionis ІП. Trademark Assignments and Licensing IV. Trademark Infringement 232 232 233 233 233 §5 . Undisclosed Information/Trade Secrets 234 §6 . Goodwill 235 §7 . Rights of Personality 235 Chapter 5. Company Law 236 § I. Companies in PIL 236 §2 . Applicable Law I. The General Rule 236 236 13
Table of Contents II. Companies incorporated in Israel, Listed for Trading on Certain Foreign Stock Exchanges, or Having Dual Listings on the Foreign Exchange and on TASE §3 . Recognition of Companies and Other Legal Persons 237 246 §4 . Scope of the Law Applicable to a Company 1. The Legal Nature, Legal Capacity and Capacity to Act II. Formation, Reorganization and Dissolution III. Company Name or Business/Trade Name IV. The Company’s Organization V. Representative Powers of the Company Organs VI. Membership VII. Liability for the Company’s Obligations VIII. Liability for Breach of Duties under Company Law IX. Accounts, Auditing and Disclosure 246 246 247 247 248 249 250 250 251 256 §5 . Formal Validity 257 §6 . Limitations of Authority 258 §7 . Claims Arising Securities 258 out of Public Issues of Equity or Debt §8 . Cross-Border Reorganization §9 . Change of the 258 Applicable Law 260 261 §10 . Renvoi §11 . Foreign Companies Maintaining aPlace of Business in Israel 261 §12 . Corporate Groups (Concerns) 262 Chapter 6. CorporateInsolvency and Personal Bankruptcy 267 § 1. Overview 267 §2 . International Insolvency Prior to the Insolvency Law (15 September 2019) 269 I. Primary Proceedings in Israel 269 A. Overview: Principles of Universality and of Non discrimination 269 B. Applicable Law: The General Rule of the lex fori concursus and Exceptions 273 II. Ancillary, or Concurrent, Insolvency Proceedings in Israel 278 14
Table of Contents §3. International Insolvency Following the Adoption of the Insolvency Law (15 September 2019) 280 I. Definitions and Scope of Application of Title 9 (Chapter A, §§293-294) 280 II. The Access of Foreign Office Holders and Foreign Creditors to the Israeli Competent Authority Supervising the Insolvency Proceedings (Chapter B, §§295-299) 281 III. The Recognition of Foreign Insolvency Proceedings (Chapter C, §§300-307) 282 IV. The Cooperation with a Foreign Competent Authority Supervising the Insolvency Proceedings and with a Foreign Office Holder (Chapter D, §§308-310) " 282 V. Parallel Proceedings (Chapter E, §§311-315) 283 VI. Miscellaneous Provisions(ChapterF, §§316-317) 283 VII. Critical Evaluation 283 Chapter 7. Family Law § 1. Introduction §2 . The Legal I. Personal II. Personal III. Personal 287 287 Sources of Israeli Family Law: Historical Survey 290 Matters under OttomanRule 290 Matters During the British Mandate 291 Matters under Israeli Law 294 §3 . The Personal Connecting Factors in Family LawMatters I. Nationality 11. Domicile III. Religion A. Religion as a Personal Connecting Factor B. Religious Affiliation/No Religion/Dual Religious Affiliation C. Change of Religion 299 299 300 300 300 301 302 §4 . Marriage/Establishment of FamilyUnions I. Engagement/Promise of Matrimony A. Jurisdiction B. Applicable Law II. Celebration of Marriage in Israel III. Recognition of Marriage Celebrated Abroad A. Marriage Celebrated Abroad Between Spouses Not Domiciled in Israel at the Time of Their Marriage B. Marriage Celebrated Abroad Between Spouses Domiciled in
Israel at the Time of Their Marriage 311 IV. Registered Partnerships/Civil Unions V. Reputed Spouses (Extra-Marital Cohabitation) A. Reputed Spouses Domiciled in Israel B. Foreign Reputed Spouses or Analogous Family Unions 305 305 305 307 308 309 309 313 315 315 317 15
Table of Contents §5 . Personal Effects of Marriage I. Subject-Matters Covered II. Jurisdiction III. Applicable Law 317 317 318 319 §6 . Maintenance Obligations Between Spouses 319 I. Overview 319 II. Jurisdiction 321 A. Jurisdiction with Respect to Israeli Citizens Domiciled in Israel 321 1. Jurisdiction with Respect to Jews 321 2. Jurisdiction with Respect to Muslims 322 3. Jurisdiction with Respect to Druze 323 4. Jurisdiction with Respect to Christians Belonging to a Recognized Religious Community 323 5. Jurisdiction with Respect to Persons Belonging to an Unrecognized Religious Community or Having no Personal Law 324 6. Jurisdiction with Respect to Mixed (Inter-Faith) Marriages 324 7. Jurisdiction with Respect to Persons Affiliated with More Than One Religion 324 8. Jurisdiction with Respect to Converts 324 B. Jurisdiction with Respect to Foreigners and Stateless Persons Domiciled in Israel 327 C. Jurisdiction with Respect to Reputed Spouses 327 D. Jurisdiction with Respect to Spouses Who Had a Civil Marriage Abroad 327 E. Jurisdiction with Respect to Persons Domiciled Abroad 328 III. Applicable Law 330 A. The General Rule: Law of the Place of Domicile 330 B. The Inter-Personal Rules for Persons Domiciled inIsrael 332 1. The Basic Rules 332 2. The Law Applicable to Spouses Having a Personal Law 333 3. The Law Applicable to Persons Not Having a Personal Law 339 4. The Law Applicable to Reputed Spouses 340 5. The Law Applicable to Same-Sex Spouses Married Abroad 340 §7. Family Unions Property Relations I. Overview II. Jurisdiction A. International Jurisdiction B. Inter-
Personal Jurisdiction III. Applicable Law A. Opposite-Sex Family Unions Established by Marriage 16 340 340 345 345 346 349 349
Table of Contents The General Rule Renvoi Formal Validity Immovable PropertySituated in aForeign State The Default Rule in the Absence of a Common Domicile 6. Choice of Law 7. The Law Applied by theReligious Courts B. Same-Sex Family Unions Established by Civil Marriage Abroad C. ReputedSpouses(Opposite-Sex or Same-Sex) D. Registered Partnerships Established Abroad 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 349 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 359 §8. Divorce 359 I. Overview 359 II. Divorce of Jewish Spouses 360 A. The SpecialFeatures of Jewish Divorce 360 B. Jurisdiction: The Rules 362 C, Jurisdiction: Comments on the Rules 364 I. Jurisdiction in the Case of Jews in Israel, Domiciled in, or Citizens of, Israel 364 2. Jurisdiction to Dissolve Civil Marriages Celebrated Abroad 367 3. Jurisdiction to Dissolve Same-Sex Marriages Celebrated Abroad 369 4. The Scope of International Jurisdiction of the Rabbinical Courts 370 III. Divorce of MuslimSpouses 375 IV. Divorce of Christian Spouses Belonging to the Same Recognized Religious Community 376 A. Both Spouses are Israeli Citizens 376 B. One of the Spouses,or Both, Are Foreign Citizens 376 1. Jurisdiction 376 2. Applicable Law 379 V. Divorce of Druze Spouses 379 VI. Dissolution of Marriage: Spouses Affiliated with an Unrecognized Religious Community, with None, or with Two Different Religious Communities 380 VIL Divorce of Karaite Spouses: A Special Case 383 VIII. Recognition of Divorce Proceedings in a Foreign Country 384 §9. Determination of Parenthood I. Overview A. The General Principles in Israeli Substantive Law B. Determination ofParenthood in
Surrogacy Cases II. Jurisdiction A. The International Aspect 385 385 385 391 396 396 17
Table of Contents B. The Inter-Personal Aspect III. Applicable Law A. The International Aspect B. The Effect of Religious Law 1. Jewish Law 2. Islamic Law 3. Druze Law 4. Christian Religious Communities §10 . Child Adoption I. International Legal Sources II. Jurisdiction A. The International Aspect B. The Inter-Personal Aspect III. Applicable Law A. The International Aspect B. The Inter-Personal Aspect IV. Recognition of Foreign Adoptions 397 399 399 401 402 403 406 406 406 406 407 407 408 409 409 411 411 §11 . Child Maintenance 415 I. Jurisdiction 415 A. Jurisdiction with Respect to Israeli Parents Domiciled in Israel 415 1. Jurisdiction with Respect to a Child Born to a Jewish Father and Mother 415 2. Jurisdiction with Respect to Children Born to Israeli Parents Who Are Both Muslims, Christians of Recognized Religious Communities, or Druze 417 3. Jurisdiction with Respect to Children Born to Israeli Parents Who Had an Inter-faith Marriage, or are Affiliated with Unrecognized Religious Communities, or with None 417 4. Jurisdiction with Respect to Foreigners and Stateless Parents Domiciled in Israel 417 B. Jurisdiction with Respect to Parents Domiciled in a Foreign Country 418 II. Applicable Law 420 A. The General Rule: Law of thePlace of Domicile 420 B. The Inter-Personal Rules Applying to Children Domiciled in Israel 420 1. The Basic Rules 420 2. The Law Applicableto Parents Having a Personal Law 421 §12. Custody of Minors I. Jurisdiction A. The International Aspect B. The Inter-Personal Aspect 18 425 425 425 427
Tahle of Contents II. Applicable Law 428 A. The International Aspect 428 B. The Inter-Personal Aspect Concerning Minors Domiciled in Israel 429 1. Applying the Substantive Rules of the Capacity and Guardianship Law 429 2. Applying the Women’s Equal Rights Law, 5711-1951 431 3. Protecting Basic Rights 431 §13 . Guardianship/Parental Authority I. Overview II. Jurisdiction A. The International Aspect B. The Inter-Personal Aspect III. Applicable Law 431 431 432 432 432 432 §14 . Child Abduction I. Overview II. Application of the Conventionby the Israeli Courts 433 433 434 Chapter 8. Succession Law 440 §1 . Overview 440 §2 . Jurisdiction 441 §3 . Applicable Law I. Lex successionis A. The General Rule L The Law of State В Refers to Israeli Substantive Law 2. The Law of State В Refers to the ‘Entire’ Israeli Law B. Scope of the Lex Successionis C. Exception to the General Rule D. Limits to the Applicationof a Foreign Law II. Testamentary Disposition A. Capacity to Make a Will B. Choice of the lex successionis (professie iuris) C. Formai Validity of a Will D. Substantive Validity of a Will E. Interpretation of a Will III. Inheritance Agreements IV. The Preliminary Questionin Israeli International Succession Law A. Ploni v. Pionit B. Pionit e Almani C. Lea Yahud v. IsraelYahud D. The Status of a Widow or Divorcée in Succession Proceedings 446 446 446 447 447 450 450 452 453 453 454 456 457 458 458 458 459 459 460 460 19
Table of Contents E. The Status of a Reputed Spouse in Succession Proceedings 461 §4 . Recognition of a Foreign Succession or Probate Order I. No Direct Recognition II. Indirect Recognition of a Foreign Succession Order or Probate III. Critical Appraisal 461 461 467 468 §5 . Administration of International Estates I. Appointing an Administrator of an International Estate II. The Applicable Law in the Administration of an International Estate 470 470 473 Part III. International Civil Procedure 475 Chapter 1. Jurisdictional Immunities 475 §1 . Overview I. Foreign States Immunity from Jurisdiction II. Foreign States Immunity from Jurisdiction under Israeli Case Law III. State of Israel Immunity and Limitations on Jurisdiction in Actions Relating to Warfare Acts §2 . Immunity from Execution 475 475 478 484 486 §3 . Diplomatic and Consular Immunity 488 §4 .Immunity 489 of International Organizations Chapter 2. International Jurisdiction §1 . International Jurisdiction and National Jurisdiction: Overview §2 . International Jurisdiction in Claims in personam I. General Principles II. Service of the Claim in Israel A. Presence of the Defendant in Israel at the Time of Service B. Service upon Individuals С. Service upon Foreign Corporations D. Service on Persons in Judea and Samaria III. Service of Process Outside Israel A. The General Requirements B. The Exceptional Situations in Which Service out of the Jurisdiction Is Allowed С. The Procedure for Serving the Defendant Abroad 20 493 493 494 494 497 498 504 504 505 507 507 510 531
Table of Contents D. Substituted Service Abroad E. Challenging Service Abroad IV. Submission to Israeli Courts Jurisdiction A. Submission by Effecting Appearance B. Submission by Jurisdiction Agreements 532 532 536 536 537 §3. Jurisdiction Agreements, forum non conveniens, lis alibi pendens, Anti-suit Injunctions 538 I. Jurisdiction Agreements 538 A. Agreement to Litigate in Israel 538 B. Agreement to Litigate in a Foreign Country 538 C. Jurisdiction Agreements in Consumer Contracts 542 D. Jurisdiction Agreements in Employment Contracts 545 E. Jurisdiction Agreements in Commercial Agents’ Contracts 547 II. Forum non conveniens 548 A. Forum non conveniens in the Civil Courts 548 B. Forum non conveniens in the Rabbinical Courts 560 III. Lis alibi pendens 561 IV. Claims for Negative Declarations 565 V. Summary 568 VI. Anti-suit Injunctions 569 A. The Requirements for Obtaining anAnti-Suit Injunction 570 B. The Availability of Anti-Suit Injunctions in Cross-Border Cases 572 1. Obligations 572 2. Property 574 3. Intellectual Property 575 4. Corporate Law 577 5. Bankruptcy/Insolvency Proceedings 578 6. Family Law 582 C. Anticipatory Anti-Suit Injunctions 585 D. Alternatives to Anti-Suit Injunctions 585 E. Summary 586 F. Anti-Suit Injunctions 587 G. Extension of Israeli Period of Limitations due to a Foreign Anti-Suit Injunction 587 H. Anti-Enforcement Injunctions 587 §4 . International Jurisdiction Regarding Foreign Immovable Property 591 §5 . International Jurisdiction in Admiralty Claims in rem 595 21
Table of Contents Chapter 3. Procedure in International Litigation 602 §1 . Lex fori processoaus 602 §2 . Legal Assistance L Service of Documents A. International Conventions B. Domestic Legislation C. Application D. Service on Foreign States or Diplomats II. Access to Justice A. Free Legal Aid 1. International Conventions 2. Domestic Legislation B. Security for Costs 1. International Conventions 2. Domestic Legislation C. Language to Be Used 1. International Conventions 2. Domestic Legislation III. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments IV. Evidence A. International Conventions B. Domestic Legislation C. Application 1. Obtaining Evidence Abroad for Use in Israeli Proceedings 2. Obtaining Evidence in Israel for Use in Another Jurisdiction 602 603 603 604 605 606 608 608 608 608 609 609 609 609 609 611 611 611 611 612 612 612 622 §3 . Intermediary and Protective Measures/Mareva (Freezing) Orders 623 I. Intermediary and Protective Measures Ancillary to Foreign Proceedings 623 II. Mareva (Freezing) Orders 626 §4 . Proof of Foreign Law I. The Problem of Applying Foreign Law in Domestic Courts II. The Rules Applying in Israel de lege lata III. The Qualification of the Foreign Law as a Fact IV. The Presumption Regarding the Identity of Laws V. The Burden of Proof VI. Proposed Reform 22 631 631 633 635 637 639 639
Table of Contents Chapter 4. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 641 §1 . Overview 641 §2 . The Legal Bases for Recognition and Enforcement I. International Agreements II. Domestic Law 641 641 646 §3 . Direct Recognition of Foreign Judgments I. Direct Recognition under the FJEL II. Critical Appraisal III. Direct Recognition under English CommonLaw Rules 647 647 651 656 §4 . Incidental Recognition 658 §5 . Recognition of a under the FJEL Foreign Judgment ex lege 659 §6 . Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 660 I. Enforcement under the FJEL 660 A. Foreign Judgments Enforceable under the FJEL 660 B. The Conditions for Enforcing a Foreign Judgment 662 I. Cumulative Conditions for Enforcement (§3, FJEL) 662 2. The Reciprocity Requirement (§4, FJEL) 667 3. Defenses (§6, FJEL) 670 4. Prescription (§5, FJEL) 675 5. Prejudice to State Sovereignty or Security (§7, FJEL) 676 6. Enforcement of a Provisional Judgment or Interim Order (§8. FJEL) 676 7. Subsequent Revision of an Enforceable Judgment 678 C. The Competent Israeli Court in Enforcement Proceedings 681 D. Execution of an Enforceable Foreign Judgment (§ 10, FJEL) 681 I. Comments 681 E. Implementation andRegulations (§13, FJEL) 682 1. Comment 682 II. Enforcement under English Common Law Rules 682 III. Judgment on Judgment 683 IV. Judgment on Arbitral Award 685 V. Confirmation of Israeli JudgmentsforEnforcement Abroad 685 Chapter 5. International Arbitration 687 §1 . Overview 687 §2 . The Legal Sources I. International Conventions 687 687 23
Table of Contents Π. Domestic Law 688 §3 . The Arbitration Agreement 690 §4 . Separability of the Arbitration Agreement 692 §5 . Enforcement of the Arbitration Agreement 694 §6 . Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal 697 §7 . Jurisdiction of the Arbitral Tribunal 698 §8 . The Arbitration Procedure 699 §9 . The Law Applicable to the Decision on the Merits 699 § 10. The Application §11 . Intermediary §12 . Recognition Mandatory Rules of Law of and and Protective Measures Enforcement of a Foreign Arbitral Award §13 . Prescription Period Applicable to Enforcement Action § 14. Recognition Award a Judgment on Arbitral and Enforcement of 701 703 704 713 714 Bibliography 723 Table of Cases 741 Table of Statutory Instruments 811 Table of Foreign Statutory Instruments 817 Table of International Treaties 821 Index 827 24 |
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| title | Private international law in Israel |
| title_auth | Private international law in Israel |
| title_exact_search | Private international law in Israel |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Private international law in Israel |
| title_full | Private international law in Israel Talia Einhorn |
| title_fullStr | Private international law in Israel Talia Einhorn |
| title_full_unstemmed | Private international law in Israel Talia Einhorn |
| title_short | Private international law in Israel |
| title_sort | private international law in israel |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034230590&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT einhorntalia privateinternationallawinisrael |