From Vladimir Lenin to Vladimir Putin: Russia in search of its identity: 1913–2023
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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London ; New York
Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
2024
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Physical Description: | 289 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781032346885 9781032345987 |
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Record in the Search Index
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Introduction 1 1 Smashing the State, Its Culture and Institutions: 1917-1918 11 2 Constructing a New Political Order 34 3 Old Cultural Practices in a New Form: NEP Russia 1921-1929 60 4 The Rise of the Stalinist Dictatorship and of a New Soviet Identity 86 5 The Great Patriotic War: The Fusion of the Russian and Soviet Identity 113 6 Post-War Stalinism: 1945-1953 133 7 Stalinism with a Human Face: The Khrushchev Decade: 1953-1964 151 8 The Brezhnev Era: Re-emergence of the Independent Thought 181 9 Back to European Values: Soviet Society Under Gorbachev 206 10 Disillusionment in Capitalism and Democracy: The Terrible 1990s 229 11 The New Beginning: The Putin Years 254 279
Index Abakumov, Viktor 125,137-140 ABM treaty see Anti-Ballistic Missiles (ABM) treaty Abramovich, Arkadyevich 233, 238, 256 Adenauer, Konrad 202 Afanasief, Yurii 219 Agaev, P.M. 48 Agitprop 64-69, 72 agriculture 69, 70, 202,208; collectivization of 86, 88, 89, 162, 212; improvement in 165; industry and 61; mechanization and modernization of 3, 5, 86; Soviet agriculture 187; Soviet policy 186,187,189 Akhmadulina, Bella 170 Akhmatova, Anna 135,136 Aktivist 64 Alexander I (Emperor of Russia) 6 Alexander II (Emperor of Russia) 4, 5 Alexander III (Emperor of Russia) 5, 6 Alexandra (Empress of Russia) 12-13 Alexeev, Mikhail (General) 14 Alexis 11 Algerian war 130 Aliev, Heydar 212 Alktnis, Viktor 221 Allied powers 34, 37, 40 All-Russian State Conference in Moscow 17-18, 67 All-Russian Women’s Department 74 All-Union Communist Party 57,137 All-Union Congress of People’s Deputies 212 All-Union Council of People’s Economy 164 Aluminum Wars 238 Amalrik, Andrey: Will the Soviet Union Survive Until 1984? 197 American Joint Distribution Committee 139 American Lend Lease 123 Ancien Regime Empire 57 Andreeva, Nina 215-216 Andronik (Bishop) 37 Andropov, Yuriy 206, 208 Anglo-American leadership 146 Anti-Ballistic Missiles (ABM) treaty 202-203 anti-Bolshevik 26, 31, 44 anti-Jewish pogrom 38 anti-Soviet activity 193 anti-Stalin campaign 172 Antonov, Aleksandr 53 Antonov-Ovseenko, Vladimir 54 The Army Group Center 116 Art of Propaganda 64-65 Assad, Bashar (President) 266 asset-stripping 239-240 Atlantic integrationists 269 attack on the church 67 August 1991 crisis 223-225 Avante-Garde
culture 67, 68, 169 Axelrod, Pavel 22 “Ballet Russe” of Diaghilev 2 Bandera, Stepan 117,124 Bank of New York scandal 249 Baryshnikov, Mikhail 196 The Battle of Kursk 122-123 The Battle of Moscow 118-120 The Battle of Smolensk 116-118 Benes, Edvard (President) 99 Berdyaev, Nikolay 198 Berezovsky, Boris (Oligarch) 233, 238, 239, 244, 245, 250, 254-255, 266 Beria, Lavrentiy 104,136-140,151, 154-156
280 Index Berlin 1961 crisis 167,169,173-175 Berlin, Germany 2, 29, 30, 67, 115, 128-130,135,145,148, 202, 214, 219 Berlusconi, Silvio 257-259 Biden, Joe (President) 271, 273 Blat 186 Bobrov, V. 36 Boel, Henrich: Group Portrait with a Lady 172 Bolsheviks/Bolshevik party 6, 7, 9, 19-22, 24-29, 35-39, 44-56, 60, 61, 63, 64, 67, 70, 82, 86-88,91,99, 108, 157-159, 225, 227, 230; Bolshevik-like seizure of assets 240; committee 87; “Drive the bayonets into the ground and go home” 17; “Loot the Looters” 23; policy 87; power 26; propaganda 18, 42, 135; regime in the south 40-41; revolution 1, 68; Stalinist rule 171; triumph of 13; women 72-78 Bolshevism 20, 26, 57, 71,198, 267, 268 Borodin, Pavel 250 bourgeois democracy 22 bourgeois garbage 65 Brandt, Willy 202, 204 Brest-Litovsk 118 Brest Peace Treaty 24-25 Brezhnev, Leonid 138, 176-179, 206, 207, 212,219, 247,251,261, 263; destalinization and dissident movement 192-196; Eastern Europe 200-201; generation 181-183, 187; goods deficit and trading favors 185-186; historical perspective 204-205; insufficient food output and foreign purchases 186-187; Kosygin reforms 183-185; legacy 226; new Westernizers and neo-Slavophiles 196-199; party 181-183; propiska 187-188; Soviet foreign policy in 200-204; Soviet people 189-192; village prose 199-200; Western powers 201-203 British American liberalism 144 Brodsky, Joseph 196 Brusilov, Aleksei (General) 12 Bubnov, A.S. 65 Budyonnyi, Semyon 49 Bukharin, Nikolay 24, 60, 62, 63, 79, 86, 160 Bulganin, Nikolai 166 Bush, George W. (President) 242, 257-259 Castro, Fidel 175 Catcher in the Rye
(Salinger) 171-172 Catherine II (Empress of Russia) 42,127 Caucasus republics 211 CC Special Commission 92 CEC of Soviets see Central Executive Committee (CEC) of Soviets censorship 65, 66, 68 Central Committee and the Central Control Commission 18, 28, 62, 65, 92, 151,160,166,177,178, 181, 192,215-217 Central Committee Information department 62 Central Executive Committee (CEC) of Soviets 17, 21, 22, 28 Chechens 42,125-127,147, 231, 262, 266 Chechnya, Grozny 247 CheKa 41, 43-45, 50-52, 54, 56 Chekhov, Anton: Cherry Orchard 4 Chernenko, Konstantin 206, 207 Chernomyrdin, Viktor (Prime Minister) 248 Chernov, Victor 16 Cherry Orchard (Chekhov) 4 Chicherin, Georgy 63 Chirac, Jaques 258 Christian Orthodoxy 4 The Chronicle of Current Events 194 Chubais, Anatoliy 232, 233, 248 Churchill, Winston (Prime Minister) 129, 130,142; Holocaust in Russia and Ukraine 124; partisans 125; resistance in the Baltics 116; resistance in Ukraine 117; Yalta conference 130 church valuables campaign 65 Civil War 34, 42, 46-48, 51, 52, 54, 55, 144; multi-party system to 20-22 Clinton, Bill (President) 237, 242, 249 Clinton, Hilary 273 Cold War 141-146 collectivization 87,105,147,148, 162, 186; of agriculture 86, 89, 212; campaign of 88; and dekulakization 96
Index 281 Committee of the Constituent Assembly 28-31 committees of the poor 87 Communism in Europe 160-162 Communist authorities 54 communist dictatorship 48-51 Communist Party of the Russian Federation 43, 44, 55-57, 63, 69, 71-73, 77-82, 92,106, 107,133,137,141, 144,149, 151-154,181,189,193, 197, 201, 206, 207, 215, 217, 220, 222, 224-226, 243, 248, 260, 261, 270 Communist rule in Ukraine 44 Communists constituency 261 Communist system 196 Congress of People’s Deputies of Russia 218,220, 224, 236 “Congress of Victors” 92 Congress of Workers and Soldiers’ deputies 20 Constituent Assembly 14,15,19-22, 24, 25, 28-31, 34 Constitutional Crisis of 1993 236-238 Control Commission (CC) 79-80, 82 cosmopolitanism 140-141 Cossacks 35, 37, 40-43, 45, 47-50 Councils of People’s Economy 164 crime 31, 45, 47, 92,106,134,144, 146,156-158,160-162,167, 174,197, 198,209-211,218, 226, 230, 231, 235-236, 246, 251 Crimean Tatars 126-127 criminal networks 231, 232, 235, 240, 251 Crony Capitalism 233 Cuban missile crisis 175-176 culture 2, 4, 50, 57, 63, 68, 82, 140, 141, 143, 147, 240-242; new Soviet culture 169-172; new trends in 134-136; popular culture 106-107; Putin’s critique of militant Western woke culture 267-269; Western popular culture in the USSR 172-173 Czarism 15 Czarist system 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 31, 56, 233, 240, 241 The Czech Legion 28, 34, 38 Dan, Fyodor 19,21 de-cossackization 41-43, 49 Decree on Land and Peace 20 defiant rejection: adaptation and 79-83; of British rule 144 dekulakization 87-88, 96 Demise of the USSR 46-47 Democratic Conference 18-20, 25, 27, 29-32 Democratic
Russia movement 222, 237 Democratic Russian revolution 226 Democrats in Russia 212 Deng Xiaoping 106,179 Denikin, Anton (General) 34, 40, 4348,50,51 Derevenskaya Bednota 52 Deripaska, Oleg 255 deserters 35, 36, 51-53 destalinization 158-160 Detente 202-203 Deti Arbata (The Children of Arbat) (Rybakov) 171, 211 “dictatorship of the proletariat” 7 disbandment of Constituent Assembly 28 the Doctors’ plot 138-140 Doctor Zhivago (Pasternack) 171 Donbas, Ukraine 25, 34,106, 227, 261, 262-266, 270-273 Dostoevsky, Fedor 4,109,189 “Drive the bayonets into the ground and go home,” Bolshevik slogan 17 Dubcek, Alexander 201 Dugin, Alexander 249, 268-269 Dumas 6, 9,15 dvurushniki 95, 100 Dzerzhinsky, Felix 224 Eastern Europe 200-201, 214 economic policy 23-24 Eikhe, Robert 87,103 Eisenstein, Sergei 67, 68,127,135 elections to soviets 26, 27, 29 Engles, Friedrich 174 English ships 49, 50 Enukidze, A. 74 Esenin, Sergey 171 Etinger, Ys.G. 139 European Court on Human Rights 203 Evtushenko, Evgenii 170,173 Extraordinary Committee 223 Ezhov 93, 94, 96-106,108,109 “Face the Village” campaign 65 famine 54, 55, 76, 88, 89,105, 148, 242
282 Index fast-track industrialization 89 Fathers and Sons (Turgenev) 5 February Revolution 14 Fifth Congress of Soviets 29, 30 “fighting illiteracy” campaign 65 financial scandals 249-250 first five-year plan 88-90 foreign policy 24-25,113,144,155, 167-168, 200, 201, 204, 212, 242, 243, 251 “For Your Freedom and Ours!”, slogan 212, 222 fragmentation of authority 230-232 Franco, Francisco 114,144,153 French Revolution 144 Frenkel, A.A. 43 Freud, Sigmund 195 Fromm, Erich 195 front-line civil war 34 Gagarin, Yuriy 169 Gaidar, Yegor (Prime Minister) 229, 236, 248 Galich, Alexander 195, 207 Galicia 126 Gaulle, Charles de (General) 199 Geneva Convention 121 German advances 113,123 German-occupied territory 123-125 German policy, in occupied Russia and Ukraine 123-125 German Social Democrats 8 GKOs 247 Glasnost 210-212, 216, 217 Glavlit 66 Glavrepertkom 65, 66 Golden age of Soviet culture 169 Gorbachev, Mikhail 206-207, 236, 257; break-up of the Soviet Union 225-227; Glasnost 210-212; Kosygin reforms to cooperatives 208-210; New Thinking in Foreign Affairs 212-214; Perestroyka 214-222; The Putsch 223-225; reforms 181; Union treaty 222-223 GPU 56, 62, 63, 65, 70-72, 77, 78, 80-81 Grachev, S. 245 grain requisitioning 29, 41,47, 51, 55, 76 Graves, William S. (General) 39 Great Depression 153, 161 The Great Patriotic War 133, 193, 216; The Battle of Kursk 122-123; The Battle of Moscow 118-120; The Battle of Smolensk 116-118; beginning of 113-115; Berlin 128; German-occupied territory 123-125; Operation Barbarossa 116; the partisans 125; Smersh 125-127; Soviet military 123; Yalta
conference 128-130 Great Power 153-155 Great Terror 92-100,102-105,107 Great War 1, 9, 12, 34 The Greens 51-56 Grigoriev, Nikifor 40 Gromyko, Andrey 207 Group Portrait with a Lady (Boel) 172 Gubkom, Samara 78 Gubkom, Viatka 78 Guchkov, Alexander 14 Guderian, Heinz Wilhelm (General) 119, 120; and tank armies 117, 118 Gulag Archipelago (Solzhenitsyn) 211 Gulag camp 89,105,106,157-158, 192; enemies of the people 75 Gumilyov, Nikolay 171 Gusinsky, Vladimir 255 Heiferrich, Karl 30 Helsinki Accords 203 History of Communist Russia 275 Hitler, Adolf 113-115, 118-123,128129,141,153,273 Ho Chi Minh 203 Hoffman, David von (General) 24 Holocaust 124 Hoth, Von (General) 118,119 Humanist liberal democratic identity 276 100 Years of Solitude (Marques) 172 Hungarian Revolution 162,165, 201 Huntington, Samuel 274 Hussein, Saddam 203, 214 Ice March 40 identity policies 267 informal political associations 212 intelligentsia 5, 12, 32, 50, 66, 68, 77, 108, 109, 133,135, 141, 171, 182, 189,194,198-200, 205, 218, 221,226,240, 241,245, 260 internal emigrants 196
Index 283 International Court of Human Rights 242 Ismay, Lord (General) 146 Italian Communists 144 Izvestiya 44 Jewish Anti-fascist Committee 139,140 Jewish emigration movement 196 The July Crisis 17, 24, 29 June Offensive 13,17, 27, 28-31 KaDets 6,11,13-16,18, 20-22 Kaganovich, Lazar 153-154,166 Kalmykov, Ataman 39 Kamenev, Lev 21, 32, 60-63, 91, 95 Kaplan, Fanya 31 Kara-Murza, Vladimir 275 Kautsky, Karl 8-9 Kennan, George and Kennan Communism 142-144 Kennedy, John 175 Kerensky, Alexander (Prime Minister) 15-19, 222 KGB and dissidents 192, 193,197, 198, 205, 206,210, 219 Khodorkovsky, Mikhail 255 Khrushchevki 164 Khrushchev, Nikita 93,105,117,149, 154, 217, 264, 276; agenda 157158; Berlin Wall and the New Party Program 173-175; Cuban missile crisis 175-176; economic policy 162-165; foreign policy 167-169; leadership 176-178; Soviet culture 169-172; stiliagi 172-173; years in historical perspective 178-179 King, Martin Luther 267 Kirichenko, Aleksey 134 Kirov murder 92-95 Kolchak, Alexander (Admiral) 34-40, 45, 50, 51 Kommersant 241 Komsomol (Young Communist League) 66, 67, 74 Komsomolskaya Pravda 241 Komuch (Committee of Constituent Assembly) Konev, Ivan (General) 128 Kornilov, Lavr (General) 18, 21, 40, 224 Korzhakov, Alexander 244 Kosior, Stanislav 49,158 Kosygin, Aleksey Nikolayevich (Prime Minister) 183-185, 204, 208-210 Krymov, Aleksandr (General) 18 Krysha 209 “kulak danger” campaign 65 kulaks 36, 52, 56, 69, 71, 77-80, 82, 86-88, 92, 95,96,100, 101,103-105,108,134; deportation 87 Kutuzov, Mikhail 127 Kuznetsov, Alexey 137-138,140 La Belle Epoch 2 Latvia 126 LDPR
243, 262 Lebed, Alexander (General) 241, 244, 245, 251 legislative institution 3, 27-29, 218, 236,237 Leningrad Affair 136-140, 158 Leningrad party 63, 93, 94, 135-138, 156,158,216 Leninist legacy 162 “Lenin is with Us!”, slogan 61 “Lenin Lives,” slogan 61 Lenin, Vladimir 7,16,17, 19-25, 28, 30-32; announce transition to NEP 60; book argued about capitalism 6; campaign 65; closest associates of 60,103; communist state project 55-57; death 63; doctrine 36; economic policy 23-24, 27, 62; goal of 9; government moved to Moscow 25, 97, 119; ideas 8; mistakes of 269-270; oft-repeated formula 24; opponents in CC 21; party war on the Russian peasants 54; priority in politics 23; Red Army 41; Red Guards 19; Russian revolutionary in tradition 7; slogan 61; The State and Revolution 20; system of government 55, 270; trade union consciousness 7 liberal westernizers 255, 263, 268, 273 life expectancy 153, 234, 236 Ligachev, Yegor 216 “Liquidation of illiteracy” campaign 66 Litvinov, Maksim 114 The Living and the Dead (Simonov) 194 Lizzy (Sartre) 172 “Loans for Shares” scandal 238
284 Index “Loot the Looters,” Bolshevik slogan 23 Lunacharsky, Anatoly 35, 36, 53 Luxembourg, Rosa 108 Luzhkov, Yuriy 231 Lysenko, Trofim 152 Mabetex-Mercato scandal 250 Machiavelli, Niccolo 109,110; The Prince 147-149 Maidan revolution 264 Main Repertoire Committee 65 Makhno, Nestor 40-41, 50 Malenkov, Georgy 136, 137, 154, 156, 157,165,166 Malevich, Kazimir 67,169 Mandelshtam, Osip 88,171 Manstein, Erich von (General) 122 Marcuse, Herbert 195 Marques, Gabriel Garcia: 100 Years of Solitude 172 Marshall Plan 144,146 Martov, Yuliy 6,19, 21, 22, 32,108 Marx, Karl 7,162,198 Marxism 6-8, 36, 55, 60, 61, 63, 64, 66, 72, 98,107-109,141,143, 145,152,161,189, 207, 215, 217 Marxist 107,108; ideas 7, 60; laws of development 141; terminology 6; theory 64 Mavrodi, Sergey 234 Mayakovsky, Vladimir 68 May-Majewski, Vladimir (General) 47 McCarthyism 144 Medvedev, Dmitry 259 Memorial Society 269 Menshevik Marxist approach 108 Mensheviks 6, 8,12,14-17,19-21, 24, 26, 28, 29, 31,107 Merkel, Angela 261, 269 Meyerhold, Vsevolod 169 Mikoyan, Anastas 178 Militant Western Woke Culture 267-269 military dictatorship project 34-35 Milyukov, Pavel 13,16, 22; “Stupidity or Treason” speech in Duma 14 Minsk Accords 265, 270, 271, 273 Mirbach, Count 29-30 МММ Ponzi scheme 234 modern Western capitalism 240 Molotov-Ribbentrop Act 113 Molotov, Vyacheslav 115,155, 157, 159,166,167,175 The Moment of the Liberals 15-16 monetary reform 177 Moral Code of the Constructor of Communism 174,190 Moscow party committee 221 multi-party system 162; to civil war 20-22 multi-tiered system 218 the murder of the Czar 30, 31
Mussolini, Benito 114, 116, 153 My Country and the World (Sakharov) 198 Nasser, Abdel (President) 168, 203 National Bolshevism 57 nationalist euphoria 140 Nationalists’ and the Communists’ views on foreign policy 243 NATO 144-147, 213, 214, 242, 243, 248, 249, 252, 258, 264, 266, 268-276 Navalny, Alexey 259, 260, 264, 275 Nazarbaev, Nursultan 212 NAZI-Sovier pact 123 Nemtsov, Boris 248, 256, 259-261, 264, 265 neo-Nazi 272 Neo-Slavophiles 196-199, 268 NEP see New Economic Policy (NEP) Nevsky, Alexander 127 New Economic Policy (NEP) 55, 76·, adaptation and defiant rejection 79-83; Agitprop campaign 66-67; Art of Propaganda 64-65; Bolshevik women 72-73; industry 69-72; from Lenin to Stalin 1921-1929 60-62; peasant women 75-78; press 6566; proletarian art 67-69; rural Soviets elections 1925 78-79; Soviet Woman 72; Vydvizhentsy 63-64; women workers 73-75 new entrepreneurial peasantry 2-3 New Party Program 173-175 new Soviet identity: assessment of Stalin’s rule 105-106; collectivization of agriculture 86; dekulakization 87-88; everyday life and popular culture 106-107; Great Terror 97; industrialization 88-90; Kirov Murder 93-95; Mass Terror 9799; New Stalin Constitution of 1936 95-97; purge of the army
Index 285 99-105; Riutin Platform 90-93; Stalinism 107-110 new soviet woman 72 New Thinking in Foreign Affairs (Gorbachev) 212-214 Nezavisimaya Gazeta 241 Nicholas II1, 11-13, 31, 263; age of 2; conspiracy against 14-15 1957 crisis and anti-party group 138, 165-168, 177,178 Nixon, Richard (President) 168,196, 202-204 NKVD 68, 69, 93, 94, 96, 97-106,108, 109,117,119,125,126,133, 136,151-158, 166,182,192, 220, 246, 275 “No elections without a choice!”, slogan 218 Nomenklatura 181 Novyi Mir (Solzhenitsyn) 172 Obkom province party committee 152, 177, 215 Obolensky (Prince) 46 October Revolution of 1917 106,173 Octobrists 6,11 Okhrana 3 oligarchs 238; problem of 254-256; supremacy of 247 One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (Solzhenitsyn) 171,197 Operation Barbarossa 116,120 oprichniki 109 Ordzhonikidze, Sergo 49 Orwell, George 195, 197 Ost-Politik 201-202 the partisans 125 Partnership for Peace program 243 Party of Socialist Revolutionaries 20 Pasternack, Boris: Doctor Zhivago 171 Paulus, Friedrich (General) 121 Peaceful Co-existence doctrine 168 peasant 11,12,16,17, 20, 23, 24, 2629, 32; rebels 36, 51-55; women 75-76 Peasant Congress 20 Peasant Union 78 People’s Commissariat of Education 65 People’s democracy 144,145,147,153, 168,174 Pepelyaev, Anatoly (General) 35 Perestroyka 214-222 Peter the Great 3, 6 Petrograd Cheka 32 Petrograd Soviet 15, 16 Phony War 115 Piekha, Edita 171 plebiscitary authoritarianism 263 Politburo 56, 63, 90, 94, 96, 97,100104,118,137,151,152,156, 157,160,181,192, 201,206, 207, 212, 216-220, 223 political system in 1953 151-152 Popkov, Pyotr 137-138
popular attitudes 13, 62, 245-247 Popular Fronts in the Baltics 212, 219 post-Soviet entrepreneurial class 231 post-war Stalinism 133; Cold War 141145; cosmopolitanism 140-141; the Doctors’ plot 138-140; the Leningrad Affair 136-138; new trends in culture 134-136; Soviet narrative 146-147; Stalinist legacy 147-149; war in borderlands 133-134; Western narrative 145-146 Potanin, Vladimir 255 Prague Spring 201 Pravda 17, 60,139, 215, 217 pre-Bolshevik Russian society 212 pre-revolutionary Russia 152 presidential elections 1996 243-245 Primakov, Evgeniy (Prime Minister) 243, 248, 250 The Prince (Machiavelli) 147-149 “prison of nations” 1 privatization process 255; of apartments 233-234; auctions 238; of state 230-232; Voucher Privatization 232-233 privileged banks 247 procurement crisis 1928 71 Prokhanov, Alexander 222 proletarian art 67-69 promotees 62-65 Propaganda of Communism 67 propiska 187-188 prostitution 198, 235 Province Committees 192, 206, 208 the Provisional Government 15-20, 24, 25 purges of the army 89, 91, 99 Putin, Vladimir (President) 205, 214, 250-251, 254-256; actions in Donbas 266; charisma 263; Communist opposition 260-262; Crimea and Donbas 264-265;
286 Index domestic agenda 257; initiatives 261; liberal opposition 259-260; militant Western woke culture 267-269; Munich speech 258259; narrative 272; popularity 262; Russia in historical perspective 274-276; Russian intervention in Syria 266-267; speeches 273; system of government 264; United Russia Party 262-264; as a Westernizer 256-257 Putna, Vitovt (General) 99 Quadaffi, Muammar 266 Rada, in Kiev 24 Rasputin, Grigoriy 12,13 Rasputin, Valentin 199 Reagan, Ronald (President) 213 rebellions 27, 29, 31, 51, 53-55 Red Army 35, 41, 43, 44, 49-52, 54, 57, 60,113-116,120, 121, 123-125,133,144 “Red Guards’ attack on the capitalists” 23-24 Red Imperialism 57 Red Terror 20, 31-32, 42, 44 Reformist Westernizers 224 returnees in Soviet society 157-158 Revolutionary Committees 42 Revolutionary Defencists 16 revolutionary parties 213 Revolutionary War 24, 30 Ribbentrop, Joachim von 114 Riumin, M.D. 138 Riutin, Martemyan 97, 98,108,161; and Kirov murder 92-95; and Platform 90-93 Rodziyanko, Mikhail 14 Rokhlin, Vladimir Abramovich (General) 247, 248, 250, 251 Rokossovsky, Konstantin (General) 121, 128 Roosevelt, Franklin D. (President) 129 Rossel, Eduard 231 Rostropovich, Mstislav 196 Rosvooruzhenie (Russian armaments) 231 Rozhdestvensky, Robert 170, 173 rule of law 161,162, 219, 251 rural Soviets elections 1925 78-79 Russia: aggression 271; context 7; corrupt rulers of 240; culture 240-242; direct foreign investment 257; economic development in 1, 3, 240; educated society 6; empire 1; foreign policy 242; foreign trademarks in 1-2; industrialization 105; intellectual history of 6;
intervention in Syria 266-267; narrative 272-274; Orthodox church 127; Orthodoxy 4; patriot 128; peasants 4-5; political system 1; population growth in 2; privatization (see privatization process); society 240; sovereignty 221; Western-style industrialization 5; workers 2 Russia-NATO council 258 Russian Avante-Garde 68 Russian Communists 144 Russian Federation 127,137, 164, 217, 219, 225, 226, 231, 236 Russianization of Soviet Communism 127-128 Russian Republic Supreme Soviet 221 Russian Revolution 9 Russian Social Democratic Party 6 Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 57 Russian-Ukraine war of 2022 204 Rutskoy, Alexander (Vice President) 237, 251 Ryabovol N.S. (Kuban Rada) 48 Rybakov, A.: Deti Arbata (The Children of Arbat) 171, 211 Ryzhkov, Nikolay (Prime Minister) 218-219, 222 Sachs, Jeffrey 229 Saint Petersburg 2-4, 13, 224, 231, 240, 250, 260 Sakharov, Andrey 195, 199, 210, 219, 276; My Country and the World 198,212 samizdat 194, 195,197, 200, 205, 207, 217 Schroeder, Gerhard 257-259 scorched earth policy 119 secessionist movements in the Baltics 211 Second Anti-Communist revolution 162 Second Congress of Soviets 19, 20, 22 Security Conference in Munich 25 8 Semyonov, Ataman 39
Index 287 17th party congress 92, 94 sexual harassment 74, 76 shadow economy 183-185, 189, 204, 209,210, 227, 230, 231,251 Sharansky, Natan 196 Sharia law 126 Shevardnadze, Eduard 222 Shmidt, Nikolay 8 Shock Therapy 229-230 Shoigu, Sergey 273 Shostakovich, Dmitri 135 show trials 95, 97-99,101 Shukshin, Vasiliy 170,171 Siberian army 34, 39 silver age of Russian culture 2 Simonov, Konstantin 194; The Living and the Dead 194 Skoropadsky, Hetman 25 Skuratov, Yuriy (Prosecutor-General) 244, 250, 251 Smersh 125-127, 136 Sobchak, Anatoliy 231, 250, 260 Social Democratic Party of Germany 202 Socialism 5,135,147,165,174, 207-208 Socialist Bath party 203 Socialist democracy 161 Socialist legality 161 Socialist model of development 89 Socialist realism 68-69,136,137, 141 Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) 5, 6,1216,19-22, 24, 27-30, 36, 38, 41, 45, 50, 53, 54, 66,100,104 Socialists’ Supremacy 16-18 Socialist system 70, 106, 142 social policies 39-40 Sofiynosf 5 Sokolov, Yefrem 216 “Solntsevo” mafia 235 Soloviev, Vladimir 5, 198 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 194, 196, 198-199, 205, 210; Gulag Archipelago 211; Novyi Mir 172; One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich 171,197 Soviet Finish War 115 Soviet-imposed system 173 Soviet-Russian identity 276 Soviet-style Socialism 165 Soviet Union 57, 96,105-107,114, 122, 123,129,130,133,135, 145,156,159,161-164,167, 168,175,181-192,194-204, 207, 211, 216, 220-227, 231, 233, 243, 258, 264, 266, 268, 270, 273, 274, 276; in 1953 153-154; agriculture 187; authorities 51, 67,103, 104, 124, 134, 146, 196; bureaucracy 171, 232; Communists 103, 128,142,143,148,
214; cultural authorities 172; culture 169-172; democracy 80,174, 177, 179, 215; doctrine of Proletarian Internationalism 213; Estrada 171; foreign policy 127, 146,189, 200, 201, 203, 204; identity 113, 127-128; ideology 173; industrialization 88-90; industry 68, 69, 98, 116, 184, 189, 192, 208, 255; intervention 203; jazz 106; military 123, 175, 184, 200, 203; model of non-capitalist development 167; morality norms 173; narrative 146-147; nationality policy 57; people 106,148,161,163,165, 179,182,186-192, 216, 233, 237, 261; political system 151; power 26; POWs 117; society 76,104,133,140,158,174, 191, 192, 211; system 105, 169, 174,178,179,185,194,195, 197, 205, 207, 215, 221,229, 261; unoccupied territory 127; women 73 Sovmorflot (Soviet Commercial Fleet) 239 Sovnarkom 20, 21, 31 Spanish civil war 114 Spiridonova, Mariya 27, 119, 275 stability of cadres 181, 204,212, 226, 261 Stalin, Joseph 8, 60-62, 68, 72, 74, 75, 81, 83,116-118,181-183, 190, 194; appointees 63; army purge 99-105; assessment of rule 105-106; The Battle of Stalingrad 120-123; calculations and plans with Germany 113-114; collectivization of agriculture 86; Communist Party in 1953 152-153; Constitution 95-97; country in 1953 153-154; crisis of communism in Europe 160-162; critic Riutin 82; dekulakization
288 Index 87-88; economic system 162; era 138, 192,210, 218, 269; everyday life and popular culture 106-107; foreign policy 113; the Great Terror 97; heritage 225; industrialization 88-90; Khrushchev’s agenda 157-158; Khrushchev’s economic policy 162-165; Kirov murder 93-95; legacy 147-149; Lenin to 60-62; limited de-stalinization 158-160; New Stalin Constitution of 1936 95-97; Orthodoxy 141; participation in the war against Japan 129; peasants 79; political system in 1953 151-152; post war Stalinism (see post-war Stalinism); regime 113, 128, 197,198, 201, 211; revolution 82; Riutin Platform 90-93; scorched earth policy 116-119; show trials to mass terror 97-99; Stalinism 107-110; struggle for power 154-156 Stanislavsky, Konstantin 169 stanitsas 48 The State and Revolution (Lenin) 20 State Duma 14 Stepashin, Sergey 251 stiliagi 172-173 Stolypin, Pyotr (Prime Minister) 2,11 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) 202 Strelkov, Igor (Intelligence officer) 273 strikes 14, 29, 39, 42, 55, 56, 62, 69, 71-72, 82, 94, 98,122,165, 177,192,194,222,271 Struve, Pyotr 47 Sturmer, Baron (Prime Minister) 12,13 supremacy of the oligarchs 247 Suvorov, Alexander 127 Sverdlov, Yakov 21, 224 Syria 168, 203; Russian intervention in 266-267 Syrtsov, Sergey 42 Taraki, Nur Muhammad (President) 203 target-fulfilling system 184 Tarkovsky, Andrey 196 Tatlin, Vladimir 67, 68 Tax authorities 185, 239, 269 Teatral 170 “thaw” in culture 158, 169,192 Third Congress of Soviets 22 Third International building design 67-68 Timashuk, Lidia 138 Tkachev, Petr 5, 7 Tolstoy, Leo 4, 5 totalitarianism 151
totalitarian state 107-108 trials of the generals 99 Troika 45, 56, 69, 99,101,104,157 “Trotskyist deviation” campaign 65 Trotsky, Leon 18, 21, 24, 25, 42, 56, 60-63, 67, 69, 91, 95,100, 160 Truman, Harry 142 Tseretely, Irakli 18-20 Tukhachevsky, Mikhail (General) 175 Turgenev, Ivan: Fathers and Sons 5 22 party congress 174, 176 Uborevich, leronim (General) 175 Ukraine 1, 24, 25, 30, 34, 40, 44, 46,48, 51,57, 71, 117,126, 129,130,133,134,158,164, 211, 224-227,231, 239, 242, 243, 264, 267-276; Germanoccupied territory and 123-125; nationalist movement UPA 124; peasants 41, 45 Union of Rightist Forces and Yabloko 262 Union of Soviet Jewish Writers 140 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 57 Union Republics’ right to secede 57, 219-220, 270 Union treaty 222-223 United Russia Party 262-264 United States: American Joint Distribution Committee 139; American Lend Lease 123; American methods 146; democracy 141; policy in Germany 145; Soviet missile technology 184 Universal Declaration of Human Rights 213 Uralmash group 235 Ural-Siberian methods 81, 83 Urals Soviet 31 US-British-Soviet alliance 141 Utyosov, Leonid 135 Varga, Evgeniy 135 Vasilevsky, Alexander (General) 128 Vavilov, Nikolay 152
Index 289 Verkhovsky, Aleksandr 18, 25; initiative 18; plan of action 18,19, 25 Versailles treaty 129 Vertov, Dziga 67, 68, 169 Viktiuk, Roman: Rogatka (Slingshot) 240 Vikzhel (Rail workers trade union) 20, 21 village prose 171,199, 200 Vlasov, Andrey (General) 120,124 Voronezh Province party 52 Voroshilov, Kliment 100 Voucher Privatization 232-233 Vozhd 96 Voznesensky, Andrey 170 Voznesensky, Nikolay 137-138 Vydvizhentsy 62-65 Vyshinsky, Andrey 102 Vysotsky, Vladimir 195 War in Western Ukraine 134 War Lords 39 Warsauer Jewish ghetto 202 Warshauer Pact 200, 242, 249 Western aristocracy 4 Westernizers 232-233, 242 Western narrative 145-146, 271-272 Western popular culture in the USSR 172-173 Western powers: Detente 202-203; OstPolitik 201-202 The Western Social Democrats and Socialists 7 Westertizer identity 276 West European Communist Parties 161 White Guardist counterrevolutionary conspiracy 55 White movement 40, 45, 47 White Terror 38 Will the Soviet Union Survive Until 1984? (Amalrik) 197 The winter war 115 Witte, Sergey 11 women: All-Russian Women’s Department 74; Bolshevik women 72-73; peasant women 75-78; Soviet Union 73; workers 73-75 workers 12,14-18, 20-24, 26, 27, 29, 32, 34,35,37,38-41,54-57, 62-65, 67-75, 77 Workers’ and Peasants’ Provisional government 20 World War I (WWI) 114, 115, 117,142 World War II (WWII) 113, 128, 184, 193,201,202 Wrangel, Pyotr (General) 50 “Yabloko” party 255 Yagoda, Genrikh 94, 97, 98 Yakir, Iona (General) 99, 100, 175 Yalta Accords and Yalta conference 128-130, 203 Yanayev, Gennady 223 Yanukovich, Viktor (President) 264, 265 Yeltsin,
Boris (President) 209-212, 217, 219-226, 230-232, 236-238, 241-252, 254, 255, 257, 259-263, 275, 276; historical perspective 251-252; supremacy of the Oligarchs 247 Yeltsin-Kozyrev foreign policy 242-243 Yesenin, Sergey 169 Young Communist League 107 Yusupov, Count 13 Zeitgeist 245-247 Zelensky, Volodymyr (President) 271, 272 Zemgor 11 Zemstvos 15 Zhdanov, Andrey 136-140 Zhirinovsky, Vladimir 243, 244, 262, 264 Zhukov, Georgy (General) 118,128, 155,156,166,177; American Lend Lease 123; battle of Kursk 122-123; battle of Stalingrad 120-122; and defense of Moscow 120; scorched earth policy 119; Stalin as commander 121,122,127 Zinoviev, Grigory 21, 32, 60-63, 80, 91,94, 95,160 Zoshchenko, Mikhail 135,137 Zwangsarbeiter (forced labor) 124 Zyuganov, Gennadiy 244-245, 261, 264 |
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Introduction 1 1 Smashing the State, Its Culture and Institutions: 1917-1918 11 2 Constructing a New Political Order 34 3 Old Cultural Practices in a New Form: NEP Russia 1921-1929 60 4 The Rise of the Stalinist Dictatorship and of a New Soviet Identity 86 5 The Great Patriotic War: The Fusion of the Russian and Soviet Identity 113 6 Post-War Stalinism: 1945-1953 133 7 Stalinism with a Human Face: The Khrushchev Decade: 1953-1964 151 8 The Brezhnev Era: Re-emergence of the Independent Thought 181 9 Back to European Values: Soviet Society Under Gorbachev 206 10 Disillusionment in Capitalism and Democracy: The Terrible 1990s 229 11 The New Beginning: The Putin Years 254 279
Index Abakumov, Viktor 125,137-140 ABM treaty see Anti-Ballistic Missiles (ABM) treaty Abramovich, Arkadyevich 233, 238, 256 Adenauer, Konrad 202 Afanasief, Yurii 219 Agaev, P.M. 48 Agitprop 64-69, 72 agriculture 69, 70, 202,208; collectivization of 86, 88, 89, 162, 212; improvement in 165; industry and 61; mechanization and modernization of 3, 5, 86; Soviet agriculture 187; Soviet policy 186,187,189 Akhmadulina, Bella 170 Akhmatova, Anna 135,136 Aktivist 64 Alexander I (Emperor of Russia) 6 Alexander II (Emperor of Russia) 4, 5 Alexander III (Emperor of Russia) 5, 6 Alexandra (Empress of Russia) 12-13 Alexeev, Mikhail (General) 14 Alexis 11 Algerian war 130 Aliev, Heydar 212 Alktnis, Viktor 221 Allied powers 34, 37, 40 All-Russian State Conference in Moscow 17-18, 67 All-Russian Women’s Department 74 All-Union Communist Party 57,137 All-Union Congress of People’s Deputies 212 All-Union Council of People’s Economy 164 Aluminum Wars 238 Amalrik, Andrey: Will the Soviet Union Survive Until 1984? 197 American Joint Distribution Committee 139 American Lend Lease 123 Ancien Regime Empire 57 Andreeva, Nina 215-216 Andronik (Bishop) 37 Andropov, Yuriy 206, 208 Anglo-American leadership 146 Anti-Ballistic Missiles (ABM) treaty 202-203 anti-Bolshevik 26, 31, 44 anti-Jewish pogrom 38 anti-Soviet activity 193 anti-Stalin campaign 172 Antonov, Aleksandr 53 Antonov-Ovseenko, Vladimir 54 The Army Group Center 116 Art of Propaganda 64-65 Assad, Bashar (President) 266 asset-stripping 239-240 Atlantic integrationists 269 attack on the church 67 August 1991 crisis 223-225 Avante-Garde
culture 67, 68, 169 Axelrod, Pavel 22 “Ballet Russe” of Diaghilev 2 Bandera, Stepan 117,124 Bank of New York scandal 249 Baryshnikov, Mikhail 196 The Battle of Kursk 122-123 The Battle of Moscow 118-120 The Battle of Smolensk 116-118 Benes, Edvard (President) 99 Berdyaev, Nikolay 198 Berezovsky, Boris (Oligarch) 233, 238, 239, 244, 245, 250, 254-255, 266 Beria, Lavrentiy 104,136-140,151, 154-156
280 Index Berlin 1961 crisis 167,169,173-175 Berlin, Germany 2, 29, 30, 67, 115, 128-130,135,145,148, 202, 214, 219 Berlusconi, Silvio 257-259 Biden, Joe (President) 271, 273 Blat 186 Bobrov, V. 36 Boel, Henrich: Group Portrait with a Lady 172 Bolsheviks/Bolshevik party 6, 7, 9, 19-22, 24-29, 35-39, 44-56, 60, 61, 63, 64, 67, 70, 82, 86-88,91,99, 108, 157-159, 225, 227, 230; Bolshevik-like seizure of assets 240; committee 87; “Drive the bayonets into the ground and go home” 17; “Loot the Looters” 23; policy 87; power 26; propaganda 18, 42, 135; regime in the south 40-41; revolution 1, 68; Stalinist rule 171; triumph of 13; women 72-78 Bolshevism 20, 26, 57, 71,198, 267, 268 Borodin, Pavel 250 bourgeois democracy 22 bourgeois garbage 65 Brandt, Willy 202, 204 Brest-Litovsk 118 Brest Peace Treaty 24-25 Brezhnev, Leonid 138, 176-179, 206, 207, 212,219, 247,251,261, 263; destalinization and dissident movement 192-196; Eastern Europe 200-201; generation 181-183, 187; goods deficit and trading favors 185-186; historical perspective 204-205; insufficient food output and foreign purchases 186-187; Kosygin reforms 183-185; legacy 226; new Westernizers and neo-Slavophiles 196-199; party 181-183; propiska 187-188; Soviet foreign policy in 200-204; Soviet people 189-192; village prose 199-200; Western powers 201-203 British American liberalism 144 Brodsky, Joseph 196 Brusilov, Aleksei (General) 12 Bubnov, A.S. 65 Budyonnyi, Semyon 49 Bukharin, Nikolay 24, 60, 62, 63, 79, 86, 160 Bulganin, Nikolai 166 Bush, George W. (President) 242, 257-259 Castro, Fidel 175 Catcher in the Rye
(Salinger) 171-172 Catherine II (Empress of Russia) 42,127 Caucasus republics 211 CC Special Commission 92 CEC of Soviets see Central Executive Committee (CEC) of Soviets censorship 65, 66, 68 Central Committee and the Central Control Commission 18, 28, 62, 65, 92, 151,160,166,177,178, 181, 192,215-217 Central Committee Information department 62 Central Executive Committee (CEC) of Soviets 17, 21, 22, 28 Chechens 42,125-127,147, 231, 262, 266 Chechnya, Grozny 247 CheKa 41, 43-45, 50-52, 54, 56 Chekhov, Anton: Cherry Orchard 4 Chernenko, Konstantin 206, 207 Chernomyrdin, Viktor (Prime Minister) 248 Chernov, Victor 16 Cherry Orchard (Chekhov) 4 Chicherin, Georgy 63 Chirac, Jaques 258 Christian Orthodoxy 4 The Chronicle of Current Events 194 Chubais, Anatoliy 232, 233, 248 Churchill, Winston (Prime Minister) 129, 130,142; Holocaust in Russia and Ukraine 124; partisans 125; resistance in the Baltics 116; resistance in Ukraine 117; Yalta conference 130 church valuables campaign 65 Civil War 34, 42, 46-48, 51, 52, 54, 55, 144; multi-party system to 20-22 Clinton, Bill (President) 237, 242, 249 Clinton, Hilary 273 Cold War 141-146 collectivization 87,105,147,148, 162, 186; of agriculture 86, 89, 212; campaign of 88; and dekulakization 96
Index 281 Committee of the Constituent Assembly 28-31 committees of the poor 87 Communism in Europe 160-162 Communist authorities 54 communist dictatorship 48-51 Communist Party of the Russian Federation 43, 44, 55-57, 63, 69, 71-73, 77-82, 92,106, 107,133,137,141, 144,149, 151-154,181,189,193, 197, 201, 206, 207, 215, 217, 220, 222, 224-226, 243, 248, 260, 261, 270 Communist rule in Ukraine 44 Communists constituency 261 Communist system 196 Congress of People’s Deputies of Russia 218,220, 224, 236 “Congress of Victors” 92 Congress of Workers and Soldiers’ deputies 20 Constituent Assembly 14,15,19-22, 24, 25, 28-31, 34 Constitutional Crisis of 1993 236-238 Control Commission (CC) 79-80, 82 cosmopolitanism 140-141 Cossacks 35, 37, 40-43, 45, 47-50 Councils of People’s Economy 164 crime 31, 45, 47, 92,106,134,144, 146,156-158,160-162,167, 174,197, 198,209-211,218, 226, 230, 231, 235-236, 246, 251 Crimean Tatars 126-127 criminal networks 231, 232, 235, 240, 251 Crony Capitalism 233 Cuban missile crisis 175-176 culture 2, 4, 50, 57, 63, 68, 82, 140, 141, 143, 147, 240-242; new Soviet culture 169-172; new trends in 134-136; popular culture 106-107; Putin’s critique of militant Western woke culture 267-269; Western popular culture in the USSR 172-173 Czarism 15 Czarist system 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 31, 56, 233, 240, 241 The Czech Legion 28, 34, 38 Dan, Fyodor 19,21 de-cossackization 41-43, 49 Decree on Land and Peace 20 defiant rejection: adaptation and 79-83; of British rule 144 dekulakization 87-88, 96 Demise of the USSR 46-47 Democratic Conference 18-20, 25, 27, 29-32 Democratic
Russia movement 222, 237 Democratic Russian revolution 226 Democrats in Russia 212 Deng Xiaoping 106,179 Denikin, Anton (General) 34, 40, 4348,50,51 Derevenskaya Bednota 52 Deripaska, Oleg 255 deserters 35, 36, 51-53 destalinization 158-160 Detente 202-203 Deti Arbata (The Children of Arbat) (Rybakov) 171, 211 “dictatorship of the proletariat” 7 disbandment of Constituent Assembly 28 the Doctors’ plot 138-140 Doctor Zhivago (Pasternack) 171 Donbas, Ukraine 25, 34,106, 227, 261, 262-266, 270-273 Dostoevsky, Fedor 4,109,189 “Drive the bayonets into the ground and go home,” Bolshevik slogan 17 Dubcek, Alexander 201 Dugin, Alexander 249, 268-269 Dumas 6, 9,15 dvurushniki 95, 100 Dzerzhinsky, Felix 224 Eastern Europe 200-201, 214 economic policy 23-24 Eikhe, Robert 87,103 Eisenstein, Sergei 67, 68,127,135 elections to soviets 26, 27, 29 Engles, Friedrich 174 English ships 49, 50 Enukidze, A. 74 Esenin, Sergey 171 Etinger, Ys.G. 139 European Court on Human Rights 203 Evtushenko, Evgenii 170,173 Extraordinary Committee 223 Ezhov 93, 94, 96-106,108,109 “Face the Village” campaign 65 famine 54, 55, 76, 88, 89,105, 148, 242
282 Index fast-track industrialization 89 Fathers and Sons (Turgenev) 5 February Revolution 14 Fifth Congress of Soviets 29, 30 “fighting illiteracy” campaign 65 financial scandals 249-250 first five-year plan 88-90 foreign policy 24-25,113,144,155, 167-168, 200, 201, 204, 212, 242, 243, 251 “For Your Freedom and Ours!”, slogan 212, 222 fragmentation of authority 230-232 Franco, Francisco 114,144,153 French Revolution 144 Frenkel, A.A. 43 Freud, Sigmund 195 Fromm, Erich 195 front-line civil war 34 Gagarin, Yuriy 169 Gaidar, Yegor (Prime Minister) 229, 236, 248 Galich, Alexander 195, 207 Galicia 126 Gaulle, Charles de (General) 199 Geneva Convention 121 German advances 113,123 German-occupied territory 123-125 German policy, in occupied Russia and Ukraine 123-125 German Social Democrats 8 GKOs 247 Glasnost 210-212, 216, 217 Glavlit 66 Glavrepertkom 65, 66 Golden age of Soviet culture 169 Gorbachev, Mikhail 206-207, 236, 257; break-up of the Soviet Union 225-227; Glasnost 210-212; Kosygin reforms to cooperatives 208-210; New Thinking in Foreign Affairs 212-214; Perestroyka 214-222; The Putsch 223-225; reforms 181; Union treaty 222-223 GPU 56, 62, 63, 65, 70-72, 77, 78, 80-81 Grachev, S. 245 grain requisitioning 29, 41,47, 51, 55, 76 Graves, William S. (General) 39 Great Depression 153, 161 The Great Patriotic War 133, 193, 216; The Battle of Kursk 122-123; The Battle of Moscow 118-120; The Battle of Smolensk 116-118; beginning of 113-115; Berlin 128; German-occupied territory 123-125; Operation Barbarossa 116; the partisans 125; Smersh 125-127; Soviet military 123; Yalta
conference 128-130 Great Power 153-155 Great Terror 92-100,102-105,107 Great War 1, 9, 12, 34 The Greens 51-56 Grigoriev, Nikifor 40 Gromyko, Andrey 207 Group Portrait with a Lady (Boel) 172 Gubkom, Samara 78 Gubkom, Viatka 78 Guchkov, Alexander 14 Guderian, Heinz Wilhelm (General) 119, 120; and tank armies 117, 118 Gulag Archipelago (Solzhenitsyn) 211 Gulag camp 89,105,106,157-158, 192; enemies of the people 75 Gumilyov, Nikolay 171 Gusinsky, Vladimir 255 Heiferrich, Karl 30 Helsinki Accords 203 History of Communist Russia 275 Hitler, Adolf 113-115, 118-123,128129,141,153,273 Ho Chi Minh 203 Hoffman, David von (General) 24 Holocaust 124 Hoth, Von (General) 118,119 Humanist liberal democratic identity 276 100 Years of Solitude (Marques) 172 Hungarian Revolution 162,165, 201 Huntington, Samuel 274 Hussein, Saddam 203, 214 Ice March 40 identity policies 267 informal political associations 212 intelligentsia 5, 12, 32, 50, 66, 68, 77, 108, 109, 133,135, 141, 171, 182, 189,194,198-200, 205, 218, 221,226,240, 241,245, 260 internal emigrants 196
Index 283 International Court of Human Rights 242 Ismay, Lord (General) 146 Italian Communists 144 Izvestiya 44 Jewish Anti-fascist Committee 139,140 Jewish emigration movement 196 The July Crisis 17, 24, 29 June Offensive 13,17, 27, 28-31 KaDets 6,11,13-16,18, 20-22 Kaganovich, Lazar 153-154,166 Kalmykov, Ataman 39 Kamenev, Lev 21, 32, 60-63, 91, 95 Kaplan, Fanya 31 Kara-Murza, Vladimir 275 Kautsky, Karl 8-9 Kennan, George and Kennan Communism 142-144 Kennedy, John 175 Kerensky, Alexander (Prime Minister) 15-19, 222 KGB and dissidents 192, 193,197, 198, 205, 206,210, 219 Khodorkovsky, Mikhail 255 Khrushchevki 164 Khrushchev, Nikita 93,105,117,149, 154, 217, 264, 276; agenda 157158; Berlin Wall and the New Party Program 173-175; Cuban missile crisis 175-176; economic policy 162-165; foreign policy 167-169; leadership 176-178; Soviet culture 169-172; stiliagi 172-173; years in historical perspective 178-179 King, Martin Luther 267 Kirichenko, Aleksey 134 Kirov murder 92-95 Kolchak, Alexander (Admiral) 34-40, 45, 50, 51 Kommersant 241 Komsomol (Young Communist League) 66, 67, 74 Komsomolskaya Pravda 241 Komuch (Committee of Constituent Assembly) Konev, Ivan (General) 128 Kornilov, Lavr (General) 18, 21, 40, 224 Korzhakov, Alexander 244 Kosior, Stanislav 49,158 Kosygin, Aleksey Nikolayevich (Prime Minister) 183-185, 204, 208-210 Krymov, Aleksandr (General) 18 Krysha 209 “kulak danger” campaign 65 kulaks 36, 52, 56, 69, 71, 77-80, 82, 86-88, 92, 95,96,100, 101,103-105,108,134; deportation 87 Kutuzov, Mikhail 127 Kuznetsov, Alexey 137-138,140 La Belle Epoch 2 Latvia 126 LDPR
243, 262 Lebed, Alexander (General) 241, 244, 245, 251 legislative institution 3, 27-29, 218, 236,237 Leningrad Affair 136-140, 158 Leningrad party 63, 93, 94, 135-138, 156,158,216 Leninist legacy 162 “Lenin is with Us!”, slogan 61 “Lenin Lives,” slogan 61 Lenin, Vladimir 7,16,17, 19-25, 28, 30-32; announce transition to NEP 60; book argued about capitalism 6; campaign 65; closest associates of 60,103; communist state project 55-57; death 63; doctrine 36; economic policy 23-24, 27, 62; goal of 9; government moved to Moscow 25, 97, 119; ideas 8; mistakes of 269-270; oft-repeated formula 24; opponents in CC 21; party war on the Russian peasants 54; priority in politics 23; Red Army 41; Red Guards 19; Russian revolutionary in tradition 7; slogan 61; The State and Revolution 20; system of government 55, 270; trade union consciousness 7 liberal westernizers 255, 263, 268, 273 life expectancy 153, 234, 236 Ligachev, Yegor 216 “Liquidation of illiteracy” campaign 66 Litvinov, Maksim 114 The Living and the Dead (Simonov) 194 Lizzy (Sartre) 172 “Loans for Shares” scandal 238
284 Index “Loot the Looters,” Bolshevik slogan 23 Lunacharsky, Anatoly 35, 36, 53 Luxembourg, Rosa 108 Luzhkov, Yuriy 231 Lysenko, Trofim 152 Mabetex-Mercato scandal 250 Machiavelli, Niccolo 109,110; The Prince 147-149 Maidan revolution 264 Main Repertoire Committee 65 Makhno, Nestor 40-41, 50 Malenkov, Georgy 136, 137, 154, 156, 157,165,166 Malevich, Kazimir 67,169 Mandelshtam, Osip 88,171 Manstein, Erich von (General) 122 Marcuse, Herbert 195 Marques, Gabriel Garcia: 100 Years of Solitude 172 Marshall Plan 144,146 Martov, Yuliy 6,19, 21, 22, 32,108 Marx, Karl 7,162,198 Marxism 6-8, 36, 55, 60, 61, 63, 64, 66, 72, 98,107-109,141,143, 145,152,161,189, 207, 215, 217 Marxist 107,108; ideas 7, 60; laws of development 141; terminology 6; theory 64 Mavrodi, Sergey 234 Mayakovsky, Vladimir 68 May-Majewski, Vladimir (General) 47 McCarthyism 144 Medvedev, Dmitry 259 Memorial Society 269 Menshevik Marxist approach 108 Mensheviks 6, 8,12,14-17,19-21, 24, 26, 28, 29, 31,107 Merkel, Angela 261, 269 Meyerhold, Vsevolod 169 Mikoyan, Anastas 178 Militant Western Woke Culture 267-269 military dictatorship project 34-35 Milyukov, Pavel 13,16, 22; “Stupidity or Treason” speech in Duma 14 Minsk Accords 265, 270, 271, 273 Mirbach, Count 29-30 МММ Ponzi scheme 234 modern Western capitalism 240 Molotov-Ribbentrop Act 113 Molotov, Vyacheslav 115,155, 157, 159,166,167,175 The Moment of the Liberals 15-16 monetary reform 177 Moral Code of the Constructor of Communism 174,190 Moscow party committee 221 multi-party system 162; to civil war 20-22 multi-tiered system 218 the murder of the Czar 30, 31
Mussolini, Benito 114, 116, 153 My Country and the World (Sakharov) 198 Nasser, Abdel (President) 168, 203 National Bolshevism 57 nationalist euphoria 140 Nationalists’ and the Communists’ views on foreign policy 243 NATO 144-147, 213, 214, 242, 243, 248, 249, 252, 258, 264, 266, 268-276 Navalny, Alexey 259, 260, 264, 275 Nazarbaev, Nursultan 212 NAZI-Sovier pact 123 Nemtsov, Boris 248, 256, 259-261, 264, 265 neo-Nazi 272 Neo-Slavophiles 196-199, 268 NEP see New Economic Policy (NEP) Nevsky, Alexander 127 New Economic Policy (NEP) 55, 76·, adaptation and defiant rejection 79-83; Agitprop campaign 66-67; Art of Propaganda 64-65; Bolshevik women 72-73; industry 69-72; from Lenin to Stalin 1921-1929 60-62; peasant women 75-78; press 6566; proletarian art 67-69; rural Soviets elections 1925 78-79; Soviet Woman 72; Vydvizhentsy 63-64; women workers 73-75 new entrepreneurial peasantry 2-3 New Party Program 173-175 new Soviet identity: assessment of Stalin’s rule 105-106; collectivization of agriculture 86; dekulakization 87-88; everyday life and popular culture 106-107; Great Terror 97; industrialization 88-90; Kirov Murder 93-95; Mass Terror 9799; New Stalin Constitution of 1936 95-97; purge of the army
Index 285 99-105; Riutin Platform 90-93; Stalinism 107-110 new soviet woman 72 New Thinking in Foreign Affairs (Gorbachev) 212-214 Nezavisimaya Gazeta 241 Nicholas II1, 11-13, 31, 263; age of 2; conspiracy against 14-15 1957 crisis and anti-party group 138, 165-168, 177,178 Nixon, Richard (President) 168,196, 202-204 NKVD 68, 69, 93, 94, 96, 97-106,108, 109,117,119,125,126,133, 136,151-158, 166,182,192, 220, 246, 275 “No elections without a choice!”, slogan 218 Nomenklatura 181 Novyi Mir (Solzhenitsyn) 172 Obkom province party committee 152, 177, 215 Obolensky (Prince) 46 October Revolution of 1917 106,173 Octobrists 6,11 Okhrana 3 oligarchs 238; problem of 254-256; supremacy of 247 One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (Solzhenitsyn) 171,197 Operation Barbarossa 116,120 oprichniki 109 Ordzhonikidze, Sergo 49 Orwell, George 195, 197 Ost-Politik 201-202 the partisans 125 Partnership for Peace program 243 Party of Socialist Revolutionaries 20 Pasternack, Boris: Doctor Zhivago 171 Paulus, Friedrich (General) 121 Peaceful Co-existence doctrine 168 peasant 11,12,16,17, 20, 23, 24, 2629, 32; rebels 36, 51-55; women 75-76 Peasant Congress 20 Peasant Union 78 People’s Commissariat of Education 65 People’s democracy 144,145,147,153, 168,174 Pepelyaev, Anatoly (General) 35 Perestroyka 214-222 Peter the Great 3, 6 Petrograd Cheka 32 Petrograd Soviet 15, 16 Phony War 115 Piekha, Edita 171 plebiscitary authoritarianism 263 Politburo 56, 63, 90, 94, 96, 97,100104,118,137,151,152,156, 157,160,181,192, 201,206, 207, 212, 216-220, 223 political system in 1953 151-152 Popkov, Pyotr 137-138
popular attitudes 13, 62, 245-247 Popular Fronts in the Baltics 212, 219 post-Soviet entrepreneurial class 231 post-war Stalinism 133; Cold War 141145; cosmopolitanism 140-141; the Doctors’ plot 138-140; the Leningrad Affair 136-138; new trends in culture 134-136; Soviet narrative 146-147; Stalinist legacy 147-149; war in borderlands 133-134; Western narrative 145-146 Potanin, Vladimir 255 Prague Spring 201 Pravda 17, 60,139, 215, 217 pre-Bolshevik Russian society 212 pre-revolutionary Russia 152 presidential elections 1996 243-245 Primakov, Evgeniy (Prime Minister) 243, 248, 250 The Prince (Machiavelli) 147-149 “prison of nations” 1 privatization process 255; of apartments 233-234; auctions 238; of state 230-232; Voucher Privatization 232-233 privileged banks 247 procurement crisis 1928 71 Prokhanov, Alexander 222 proletarian art 67-69 promotees 62-65 Propaganda of Communism 67 propiska 187-188 prostitution 198, 235 Province Committees 192, 206, 208 the Provisional Government 15-20, 24, 25 purges of the army 89, 91, 99 Putin, Vladimir (President) 205, 214, 250-251, 254-256; actions in Donbas 266; charisma 263; Communist opposition 260-262; Crimea and Donbas 264-265;
286 Index domestic agenda 257; initiatives 261; liberal opposition 259-260; militant Western woke culture 267-269; Munich speech 258259; narrative 272; popularity 262; Russia in historical perspective 274-276; Russian intervention in Syria 266-267; speeches 273; system of government 264; United Russia Party 262-264; as a Westernizer 256-257 Putna, Vitovt (General) 99 Quadaffi, Muammar 266 Rada, in Kiev 24 Rasputin, Grigoriy 12,13 Rasputin, Valentin 199 Reagan, Ronald (President) 213 rebellions 27, 29, 31, 51, 53-55 Red Army 35, 41, 43, 44, 49-52, 54, 57, 60,113-116,120, 121, 123-125,133,144 “Red Guards’ attack on the capitalists” 23-24 Red Imperialism 57 Red Terror 20, 31-32, 42, 44 Reformist Westernizers 224 returnees in Soviet society 157-158 Revolutionary Committees 42 Revolutionary Defencists 16 revolutionary parties 213 Revolutionary War 24, 30 Ribbentrop, Joachim von 114 Riumin, M.D. 138 Riutin, Martemyan 97, 98,108,161; and Kirov murder 92-95; and Platform 90-93 Rodziyanko, Mikhail 14 Rokhlin, Vladimir Abramovich (General) 247, 248, 250, 251 Rokossovsky, Konstantin (General) 121, 128 Roosevelt, Franklin D. (President) 129 Rossel, Eduard 231 Rostropovich, Mstislav 196 Rosvooruzhenie (Russian armaments) 231 Rozhdestvensky, Robert 170, 173 rule of law 161,162, 219, 251 rural Soviets elections 1925 78-79 Russia: aggression 271; context 7; corrupt rulers of 240; culture 240-242; direct foreign investment 257; economic development in 1, 3, 240; educated society 6; empire 1; foreign policy 242; foreign trademarks in 1-2; industrialization 105; intellectual history of 6;
intervention in Syria 266-267; narrative 272-274; Orthodox church 127; Orthodoxy 4; patriot 128; peasants 4-5; political system 1; population growth in 2; privatization (see privatization process); society 240; sovereignty 221; Western-style industrialization 5; workers 2 Russia-NATO council 258 Russian Avante-Garde 68 Russian Communists 144 Russian Federation 127,137, 164, 217, 219, 225, 226, 231, 236 Russianization of Soviet Communism 127-128 Russian Republic Supreme Soviet 221 Russian Revolution 9 Russian Social Democratic Party 6 Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 57 Russian-Ukraine war of 2022 204 Rutskoy, Alexander (Vice President) 237, 251 Ryabovol N.S. (Kuban Rada) 48 Rybakov, A.: Deti Arbata (The Children of Arbat) 171, 211 Ryzhkov, Nikolay (Prime Minister) 218-219, 222 Sachs, Jeffrey 229 Saint Petersburg 2-4, 13, 224, 231, 240, 250, 260 Sakharov, Andrey 195, 199, 210, 219, 276; My Country and the World 198,212 samizdat 194, 195,197, 200, 205, 207, 217 Schroeder, Gerhard 257-259 scorched earth policy 119 secessionist movements in the Baltics 211 Second Anti-Communist revolution 162 Second Congress of Soviets 19, 20, 22 Security Conference in Munich 25 8 Semyonov, Ataman 39
Index 287 17th party congress 92, 94 sexual harassment 74, 76 shadow economy 183-185, 189, 204, 209,210, 227, 230, 231,251 Sharansky, Natan 196 Sharia law 126 Shevardnadze, Eduard 222 Shmidt, Nikolay 8 Shock Therapy 229-230 Shoigu, Sergey 273 Shostakovich, Dmitri 135 show trials 95, 97-99,101 Shukshin, Vasiliy 170,171 Siberian army 34, 39 silver age of Russian culture 2 Simonov, Konstantin 194; The Living and the Dead 194 Skoropadsky, Hetman 25 Skuratov, Yuriy (Prosecutor-General) 244, 250, 251 Smersh 125-127, 136 Sobchak, Anatoliy 231, 250, 260 Social Democratic Party of Germany 202 Socialism 5,135,147,165,174, 207-208 Socialist Bath party 203 Socialist democracy 161 Socialist legality 161 Socialist model of development 89 Socialist realism 68-69,136,137, 141 Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) 5, 6,1216,19-22, 24, 27-30, 36, 38, 41, 45, 50, 53, 54, 66,100,104 Socialists’ Supremacy 16-18 Socialist system 70, 106, 142 social policies 39-40 Sofiynosf 5 Sokolov, Yefrem 216 “Solntsevo” mafia 235 Soloviev, Vladimir 5, 198 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 194, 196, 198-199, 205, 210; Gulag Archipelago 211; Novyi Mir 172; One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich 171,197 Soviet Finish War 115 Soviet-imposed system 173 Soviet-Russian identity 276 Soviet-style Socialism 165 Soviet Union 57, 96,105-107,114, 122, 123,129,130,133,135, 145,156,159,161-164,167, 168,175,181-192,194-204, 207, 211, 216, 220-227, 231, 233, 243, 258, 264, 266, 268, 270, 273, 274, 276; in 1953 153-154; agriculture 187; authorities 51, 67,103, 104, 124, 134, 146, 196; bureaucracy 171, 232; Communists 103, 128,142,143,148,
214; cultural authorities 172; culture 169-172; democracy 80,174, 177, 179, 215; doctrine of Proletarian Internationalism 213; Estrada 171; foreign policy 127, 146,189, 200, 201, 203, 204; identity 113, 127-128; ideology 173; industrialization 88-90; industry 68, 69, 98, 116, 184, 189, 192, 208, 255; intervention 203; jazz 106; military 123, 175, 184, 200, 203; model of non-capitalist development 167; morality norms 173; narrative 146-147; nationality policy 57; people 106,148,161,163,165, 179,182,186-192, 216, 233, 237, 261; political system 151; power 26; POWs 117; society 76,104,133,140,158,174, 191, 192, 211; system 105, 169, 174,178,179,185,194,195, 197, 205, 207, 215, 221,229, 261; unoccupied territory 127; women 73 Sovmorflot (Soviet Commercial Fleet) 239 Sovnarkom 20, 21, 31 Spanish civil war 114 Spiridonova, Mariya 27, 119, 275 stability of cadres 181, 204,212, 226, 261 Stalin, Joseph 8, 60-62, 68, 72, 74, 75, 81, 83,116-118,181-183, 190, 194; appointees 63; army purge 99-105; assessment of rule 105-106; The Battle of Stalingrad 120-123; calculations and plans with Germany 113-114; collectivization of agriculture 86; Communist Party in 1953 152-153; Constitution 95-97; country in 1953 153-154; crisis of communism in Europe 160-162; critic Riutin 82; dekulakization
288 Index 87-88; economic system 162; era 138, 192,210, 218, 269; everyday life and popular culture 106-107; foreign policy 113; the Great Terror 97; heritage 225; industrialization 88-90; Khrushchev’s agenda 157-158; Khrushchev’s economic policy 162-165; Kirov murder 93-95; legacy 147-149; Lenin to 60-62; limited de-stalinization 158-160; New Stalin Constitution of 1936 95-97; Orthodoxy 141; participation in the war against Japan 129; peasants 79; political system in 1953 151-152; post war Stalinism (see post-war Stalinism); regime 113, 128, 197,198, 201, 211; revolution 82; Riutin Platform 90-93; scorched earth policy 116-119; show trials to mass terror 97-99; Stalinism 107-110; struggle for power 154-156 Stanislavsky, Konstantin 169 stanitsas 48 The State and Revolution (Lenin) 20 State Duma 14 Stepashin, Sergey 251 stiliagi 172-173 Stolypin, Pyotr (Prime Minister) 2,11 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) 202 Strelkov, Igor (Intelligence officer) 273 strikes 14, 29, 39, 42, 55, 56, 62, 69, 71-72, 82, 94, 98,122,165, 177,192,194,222,271 Struve, Pyotr 47 Sturmer, Baron (Prime Minister) 12,13 supremacy of the oligarchs 247 Suvorov, Alexander 127 Sverdlov, Yakov 21, 224 Syria 168, 203; Russian intervention in 266-267 Syrtsov, Sergey 42 Taraki, Nur Muhammad (President) 203 target-fulfilling system 184 Tarkovsky, Andrey 196 Tatlin, Vladimir 67, 68 Tax authorities 185, 239, 269 Teatral 170 “thaw” in culture 158, 169,192 Third Congress of Soviets 22 Third International building design 67-68 Timashuk, Lidia 138 Tkachev, Petr 5, 7 Tolstoy, Leo 4, 5 totalitarianism 151
totalitarian state 107-108 trials of the generals 99 Troika 45, 56, 69, 99,101,104,157 “Trotskyist deviation” campaign 65 Trotsky, Leon 18, 21, 24, 25, 42, 56, 60-63, 67, 69, 91, 95,100, 160 Truman, Harry 142 Tseretely, Irakli 18-20 Tukhachevsky, Mikhail (General) 175 Turgenev, Ivan: Fathers and Sons 5 22 party congress 174, 176 Uborevich, leronim (General) 175 Ukraine 1, 24, 25, 30, 34, 40, 44, 46,48, 51,57, 71, 117,126, 129,130,133,134,158,164, 211, 224-227,231, 239, 242, 243, 264, 267-276; Germanoccupied territory and 123-125; nationalist movement UPA 124; peasants 41, 45 Union of Rightist Forces and Yabloko 262 Union of Soviet Jewish Writers 140 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 57 Union Republics’ right to secede 57, 219-220, 270 Union treaty 222-223 United Russia Party 262-264 United States: American Joint Distribution Committee 139; American Lend Lease 123; American methods 146; democracy 141; policy in Germany 145; Soviet missile technology 184 Universal Declaration of Human Rights 213 Uralmash group 235 Ural-Siberian methods 81, 83 Urals Soviet 31 US-British-Soviet alliance 141 Utyosov, Leonid 135 Varga, Evgeniy 135 Vasilevsky, Alexander (General) 128 Vavilov, Nikolay 152
Index 289 Verkhovsky, Aleksandr 18, 25; initiative 18; plan of action 18,19, 25 Versailles treaty 129 Vertov, Dziga 67, 68, 169 Viktiuk, Roman: Rogatka (Slingshot) 240 Vikzhel (Rail workers trade union) 20, 21 village prose 171,199, 200 Vlasov, Andrey (General) 120,124 Voronezh Province party 52 Voroshilov, Kliment 100 Voucher Privatization 232-233 Vozhd 96 Voznesensky, Andrey 170 Voznesensky, Nikolay 137-138 Vydvizhentsy 62-65 Vyshinsky, Andrey 102 Vysotsky, Vladimir 195 War in Western Ukraine 134 War Lords 39 Warsauer Jewish ghetto 202 Warshauer Pact 200, 242, 249 Western aristocracy 4 Westernizers 232-233, 242 Western narrative 145-146, 271-272 Western popular culture in the USSR 172-173 Western powers: Detente 202-203; OstPolitik 201-202 The Western Social Democrats and Socialists 7 Westertizer identity 276 West European Communist Parties 161 White Guardist counterrevolutionary conspiracy 55 White movement 40, 45, 47 White Terror 38 Will the Soviet Union Survive Until 1984? (Amalrik) 197 The winter war 115 Witte, Sergey 11 women: All-Russian Women’s Department 74; Bolshevik women 72-73; peasant women 75-78; Soviet Union 73; workers 73-75 workers 12,14-18, 20-24, 26, 27, 29, 32, 34,35,37,38-41,54-57, 62-65, 67-75, 77 Workers’ and Peasants’ Provisional government 20 World War I (WWI) 114, 115, 117,142 World War II (WWII) 113, 128, 184, 193,201,202 Wrangel, Pyotr (General) 50 “Yabloko” party 255 Yagoda, Genrikh 94, 97, 98 Yakir, Iona (General) 99, 100, 175 Yalta Accords and Yalta conference 128-130, 203 Yanayev, Gennady 223 Yanukovich, Viktor (President) 264, 265 Yeltsin,
Boris (President) 209-212, 217, 219-226, 230-232, 236-238, 241-252, 254, 255, 257, 259-263, 275, 276; historical perspective 251-252; supremacy of the Oligarchs 247 Yeltsin-Kozyrev foreign policy 242-243 Yesenin, Sergey 169 Young Communist League 107 Yusupov, Count 13 Zeitgeist 245-247 Zelensky, Volodymyr (President) 271, 272 Zemgor 11 Zemstvos 15 Zhdanov, Andrey 136-140 Zhirinovsky, Vladimir 243, 244, 262, 264 Zhukov, Georgy (General) 118,128, 155,156,166,177; American Lend Lease 123; battle of Kursk 122-123; battle of Stalingrad 120-122; and defense of Moscow 120; scorched earth policy 119; Stalin as commander 121,122,127 Zinoviev, Grigory 21, 32, 60-63, 80, 91,94, 95,160 Zoshchenko, Mikhail 135,137 Zwangsarbeiter (forced labor) 124 Zyuganov, Gennadiy 244-245, 261, 264 |
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| author | Brovkin, Vladimir N. 1951- |
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| discipline | Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1913-1923 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1913-1923 |
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| geographic_facet | Russland Sowjetunion |
| id | DE-604.BV048962643 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T22:00:52Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T06:14:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781032346885 9781032345987 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034226381 |
| oclc_num | 1390462316 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-384 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-384 DE-12 |
| physical | 289 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20240610 |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateSearch | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher | Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Brovkin, Vladimir N. 1951- Verfasser (DE-588)132952017 aut From Vladimir Lenin to Vladimir Putin Russia in search of its identity: 1913–2023 Vladimir N. Brovkin London ; New York Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2024 289 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1913-1923 gnd rswk-swf Nationalbewusstsein (DE-588)4041282-9 gnd rswk-swf Kulturelle Identität (DE-588)4033542-2 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Kulturelle Identität (DE-588)4033542-2 s Nationalbewusstsein (DE-588)4041282-9 s Geschichte 1913-1923 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-003-32334-1 10.4324/9781003323341 Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034226381&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034226381&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Brovkin, Vladimir N. 1951- From Vladimir Lenin to Vladimir Putin Russia in search of its identity: 1913–2023 Nationalbewusstsein (DE-588)4041282-9 gnd Kulturelle Identität (DE-588)4033542-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4041282-9 (DE-588)4033542-2 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | From Vladimir Lenin to Vladimir Putin Russia in search of its identity: 1913–2023 |
| title_auth | From Vladimir Lenin to Vladimir Putin Russia in search of its identity: 1913–2023 |
| title_exact_search | From Vladimir Lenin to Vladimir Putin Russia in search of its identity: 1913–2023 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | From Vladimir Lenin to Vladimir Putin Russia in search of its identity: 1913–2023 |
| title_full | From Vladimir Lenin to Vladimir Putin Russia in search of its identity: 1913–2023 Vladimir N. Brovkin |
| title_fullStr | From Vladimir Lenin to Vladimir Putin Russia in search of its identity: 1913–2023 Vladimir N. Brovkin |
| title_full_unstemmed | From Vladimir Lenin to Vladimir Putin Russia in search of its identity: 1913–2023 Vladimir N. Brovkin |
| title_short | From Vladimir Lenin to Vladimir Putin |
| title_sort | from vladimir lenin to vladimir putin russia in search of its identity 1913 2023 |
| title_sub | Russia in search of its identity: 1913–2023 |
| topic | Nationalbewusstsein (DE-588)4041282-9 gnd Kulturelle Identität (DE-588)4033542-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nationalbewusstsein Kulturelle Identität Russland Sowjetunion |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034226381&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034226381&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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