Climate Litigation in a Changing World:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
The Hague
Boom Uitgevers Den Haag
2022
|
| Ausgabe: | 1st ed |
| Online-Zugang: | HWR01 |
| Beschreibung: | Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources |
| Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource (629 Seiten) |
| ISBN: | 9789400111837 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Climate Litigation in a Changing World |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Cover -- Title page -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part A Key issues -- I Introduction -- II The key features of climate change -- 2.0 Introduction -- 2.1 Climate change caused by GHGs -- 2.2 Anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic GHGs -- 2.3 The "desirable" upper limit of global warming -- 2.4 1.5°C: Fiction or still within reach? -- 2.5 Adverse consequences of climate change -- 2.6 A stalemate -- 2.7 A myriad of options to stem the tide -- III The precautionary principle -- 3.0 Introduction -- 3.1 Certainty in the realm of climate change and its adverse consequences -- 3.2 Uncertainties in the realm of climate change -- 3.3 The importance of the IPCC findings -- 3.4 A serious threat of irreversible harm -- 3.5 Balancing the risks and the costs of taking measures -- 3.6 Unachievable measures -- 3.7 Acceptability -- 3.8 Reductions and other measures -- 3.8.1 The globally required reductions -- 3.8.2 Reduction obligations of States and enterprises -- 3.8.3 Other measures -- IV Attribution of GHG emissions -- 4.0 Introduction -- 4.1 States -- 4.2 Enterprises -- V Legal bases of climate obligations -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 International law -- 5.2 The Paris Agreement -- 5.2.1 Obligations of States -- 5.2.2 Obligations of enterprises -- 5.3 Human rights -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Human rights: obligations of States -- 5.3.3 Human rights of enterprises -- 5.3.4 Case law -- 5.3.5 Authoritative reports -- 5.3.6 Procedural obligations -- 5.3.7 A caveat -- 5.4 Tort law -- 5.4.1 Introduction -- 5.4.2 Reduction of emissions -- 5.4.2.1 Introduction -- 5.4.2.2 Three important judgments -- 5.4.2.2.1 Mileudefensie v. Shell -- 5.4.2.2.2 The District Court's Urgenda judgment -- 5.4.2.2.3 Smith v. Fonterra -- 5.4.2.3 A clash between a desirable outcome and the limits of judicial manoeuvring room | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 5.4.3 The reasonable person: balancing acts -- 5.4.4 Proximity -- 5.4.5 Extra-territorial reach of climate obligations -- 5.4.6 Foreseeability of the alleged damage -- 5.4.7 Whose negligence? -- 5.4.8 Minimal contribution -- 5.4.9 Acting in accordance with statutory and regulatory requirements -- 5.4.10 Ripple effects on liability for damages -- 5.4.11 Tort law: breaking new ground? -- 5.4.12 Other climate obligations -- 5.4.12.1 Warnings/information about the carbon footprint -- 5.4.12.2 Putting fossil fuels on the market -- 5.4.12.3 Obligation to refrain from approving extension of a coal mine -- 5.4.12.4 A myriad of other obligations -- 5.5 Do pledges to reduce GHG emissions have legal consequences? -- 5.5.1 Introduction -- 5.5.2 Countless pledges -- 5.5.3 Not all pledges can be lumped together -- 5.5.4 Do pledges create obligations? -- 5.5.5 Ambitious pledges -- 5.5.6 Reasonable reliance -- 5.5.7 Pledges without reliance -- 5.5.8 Affordability -- 5.5.9 Conclusion -- 5.6 Breaking new ground: challenging legal concepts -- 5.6.1 Introduction -- 5.6.2 Obligations towards future generations -- 5.6.2.1 Introduction -- 5.6.2.2 How many future generations? -- 5.6.2.3 Examples -- 5.6.2.3.1 Reduction obligations -- 5.6.2.3.2 New coal mines -- 5.6.2.3.3 Expanding cement factory -- 5.6.2.3.4 New runways -- 5.6.2.3.5 Deforestation -- 5.6.2.3.6 Carbon storage -- 5.6.3 A right to a clean and healthy environment -- 5.6.3.1 Introduction -- 5.6.3.2 A vague and undetermined concept -- 5.6.3.3 Balancing acts -- 5.6.4 A right to a stable climate -- 5.6.5 Rights of Mother Earth/Nature -- 5.6.6 Conclusion -- 5.7 Determining climate obligations: a global perspective -- 5.7.1 Introduction -- 5.7.2 A blueprint of global obligations -- 5.7.3 Reduction of GHG emissions -- 5.7.3.1 Introduction -- 5.7.3.2 Balancing interests -- 5.7.3.3 Precautionary principle | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 5.7.3.4 1.5°C or something else? -- 5.7.3.5 The carbon budget -- 5.7.3.6 Principle of progression and the need to reflect highest possible ambition -- 5.7.3.7 Anticipation of non-compliance -- 5.7.4 Other climate obligations -- 5.7.5 Case by case solutions -- 5.7.6 A blessing in disguise? -- 5.7.7 A blueprint of global climate responsibilities -- VI Remedies -- 6.0 Introduction -- 6.1 Access to justice -- 6.2 Remedies against States -- 6.3 Remedies against enterprises -- 6.4 Injunctive relief -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 Minimum causation -- 6.4.3 Challenges to formulate the relief -- 6.4.4 Achievability of the relief -- 6.5 Declaratory relief -- 6.6 Damages -- 6.6.1 Introduction -- 6.6.2 The Paris Agreement -- 6.6.3 The meaning of "remediation -- 6.6.4 Condicio sine qua non -- 6.6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.6.4.2 Condicio sine qua non -- 6.6.4.3 Condicio sine qua non: complexity challenges -- 6.6.4.4 Complexity and fault liability -- 6.6.4.5 Complexity and strict liability -- 6.6.4.6 Joint and several liability or several liability? -- 6.6.4.7 Conclusion -- 6.6.5 Harm required -- 6.6.6 Keeping the floodgates shut? -- 6.6.6.1 The scope of liability: the sky as the limit? -- 6.6.6.2 Legal techniques to keep the floodgates shut -- 6.6.6.2.1 Restrictions in space or time -- 6.6.6.2.2 Which losses? -- 6.6.6.2.3 Adaptation -- 6.6.6.2.4 Which victims? -- 6.6.6.2.5 Policy choices -- 6.6.6.2.6 A judgment of Solomon? -- 6.6.6.2.7 Contributory negligence -- 6.7 Ecocide -- VII Responsibility for historical emissions -- 7.0 Introduction -- 7.1 Knowledge is the keyword -- 7.1.1 Introduction -- 7.1.2 Increasing knowledge -- 7.1.3 An undeniable reality -- 7.1.4 The new millennium: increasing worries -- 7.1.5 Knowledge does not suffice -- 7.1.6 States -- 7.1.6.1 Before 1990 -- 7.1.6.2 1992 until Kyoto Protocol | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 7.1.6.3 Kyoto Protocol, the Doha Amendment and the Paris Agreement -- 7.1.7 Enterprises -- 7.1.7.1 Pre Kyoto Protocol -- 7.1.7.2 Kyoto Protocol and enterprises -- 7.1.7.3 Post Kyoto Protocol developments -- 7.2 Reductions do not suffice -- 7.3 Setting the bar too high could be counter-productive -- VIII Role of courts -- 8.0 Introduction -- 8.1 Hopeful messages -- 8.2 An impending turn of the tide? -- 8.3 The demarcation lines between the three pillars of the trias politica -- 8.3.1 Introduction -- 8.3.2 Case law -- 8.3.3 Conclusion -- IX Litigation -- 9.0 Difficult choices for plaintiffs -- 9.1 Ill-considered claims? -- 9.2 Class action -- 9.2.1 Introduction -- 9.2.2 Class action the panacea? -- 9.2.3 Class actions counter-productive? -- 9.2.4 The IBA Model Statute on standing -- 9.3 A caveat -- Part B Cases and hypotheticals -- Real and hypothetical cases -- B.1 Introduction -- B.2 General issues -- B.3 Cases and hypotheticals -- B.4 States and enterprises -- B.5 Minimal contribution, condicio sine qua non, standing and the political argument -- B.6 Precautionary principle -- B.7 GHGs or "only" CO2 emissions -- B.8 A focus on judgments and authoritative reports -- B.9 Climate-related litigation: a booming business -- B.10 Determinants of the outcome of judgments -- B.11 A jump to a preferred outcome? -- B.11.1 Introduction -- B.11.2 The Urgenda judgment -- B.11.3 Khan Cement Company v. Government of Punjab -- B.11.4 Oxfam et al. v. France -- B.11.5 Milieudefensie v. Shell -- B.11.6 Nature and Youth Norway, Greenpeace Nordic et al. v. Norway -- B.11.7 Ione Teitiota v. New Zealand -- B.11.8 Conclusion -- B.12 Telling the fortunes -- B.13 A broader focus -- Case 1 (reduction obligation of States) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Key issues -- 3 National or regional legal instruments and case law concerning reduction obligations -- 4 Kyoto Protocol | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 5 Paris Agreement -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 NDCs -- 5.3 The 1.5°C goal -- 5.4 If not 1.5°C: which alternative threshold? -- 5.5 Interim conclusion concerning 1.5°C -- 6 Human rights -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 More if possible? -- 6.3 Less if convenient? -- 6.4 Territorial reach of human rights -- 7 Tort law -- 8 Oslo Principles -- 9 Redistribution of non-achieved reductions? -- 10 Conclusion -- Case 2 (reduction obligation of enterprises) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Scope 1 emissions -- 3 A political issue? -- 4 National or regional legal instruments -- 5 The Paris Agreement -- 6 Human rights -- 7 Tort law -- 8 Enterprises Principles -- 9 Science based targets -- 10 Disposal of part of the business -- 11 Conclusion -- Case 3 (scope 3 emissions, fossil fuels) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Human rights and tort law -- 3 The challenges posed by principles -- 3.1 UN Guiding Principles -- 3.2 Options to give teeth to the UN Guiding Principles -- 3.3 The usefulness of an obligation to reduce WE's scope 3 emissions -- 3.4 Who has to bear the brunt? -- 4 OECD Guidelines -- 5 Global Compact -- 6 OEIGWG draft and other authoritative reports -- 7 Enterprises Principles -- 8 Science Based Targets -- 9 Oxford Martin Principles for Climate-Conscious Investment -- 10 Greenhouse Gas Protocol -- 11 The UNFCCC race to zero initiative -- 12 Due diligence rules -- 13 Impact assessments -- 14 Scope 3 reductions of the entire group of companies -- 15 Conclusion -- 16 A caveat -- Case 4 (products) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A special regime for luxury products with a high carbon footprint? -- 3 Transition towards net zero cars -- 4 Pending cases -- 5 Luxury and excessive: a broader perspective -- 6 The fluid line between scope 1 and 3 -- 7 A potential clash of human rights -- 8 A caveat -- 9 Conclusion -- Case 5 (retailers) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The food sector: a new target | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 3 Corporate pledges | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Druck-Ausgabe |a Spier, Jaap |t Climate Litigation in a Changing World |d The Hague : Boom Uitgevers Den Haag,c2022 |z 9789462363267 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| author | Spier, Jaap |
| author_facet | Spier, Jaap |
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| author_sort | Spier, Jaap |
| author_variant | j s js |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048921587 |
| collection | ZDB-30-PQE |
| contents | Cover -- Title page -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part A Key issues -- I Introduction -- II The key features of climate change -- 2.0 Introduction -- 2.1 Climate change caused by GHGs -- 2.2 Anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic GHGs -- 2.3 The "desirable" upper limit of global warming -- 2.4 1.5°C: Fiction or still within reach? -- 2.5 Adverse consequences of climate change -- 2.6 A stalemate -- 2.7 A myriad of options to stem the tide -- III The precautionary principle -- 3.0 Introduction -- 3.1 Certainty in the realm of climate change and its adverse consequences -- 3.2 Uncertainties in the realm of climate change -- 3.3 The importance of the IPCC findings -- 3.4 A serious threat of irreversible harm -- 3.5 Balancing the risks and the costs of taking measures -- 3.6 Unachievable measures -- 3.7 Acceptability -- 3.8 Reductions and other measures -- 3.8.1 The globally required reductions -- 3.8.2 Reduction obligations of States and enterprises -- 3.8.3 Other measures -- IV Attribution of GHG emissions -- 4.0 Introduction -- 4.1 States -- 4.2 Enterprises -- V Legal bases of climate obligations -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 International law -- 5.2 The Paris Agreement -- 5.2.1 Obligations of States -- 5.2.2 Obligations of enterprises -- 5.3 Human rights -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Human rights: obligations of States -- 5.3.3 Human rights of enterprises -- 5.3.4 Case law -- 5.3.5 Authoritative reports -- 5.3.6 Procedural obligations -- 5.3.7 A caveat -- 5.4 Tort law -- 5.4.1 Introduction -- 5.4.2 Reduction of emissions -- 5.4.2.1 Introduction -- 5.4.2.2 Three important judgments -- 5.4.2.2.1 Mileudefensie v. Shell -- 5.4.2.2.2 The District Court's Urgenda judgment -- 5.4.2.2.3 Smith v. Fonterra -- 5.4.2.3 A clash between a desirable outcome and the limits of judicial manoeuvring room 5.4.3 The reasonable person: balancing acts -- 5.4.4 Proximity -- 5.4.5 Extra-territorial reach of climate obligations -- 5.4.6 Foreseeability of the alleged damage -- 5.4.7 Whose negligence? -- 5.4.8 Minimal contribution -- 5.4.9 Acting in accordance with statutory and regulatory requirements -- 5.4.10 Ripple effects on liability for damages -- 5.4.11 Tort law: breaking new ground? -- 5.4.12 Other climate obligations -- 5.4.12.1 Warnings/information about the carbon footprint -- 5.4.12.2 Putting fossil fuels on the market -- 5.4.12.3 Obligation to refrain from approving extension of a coal mine -- 5.4.12.4 A myriad of other obligations -- 5.5 Do pledges to reduce GHG emissions have legal consequences? -- 5.5.1 Introduction -- 5.5.2 Countless pledges -- 5.5.3 Not all pledges can be lumped together -- 5.5.4 Do pledges create obligations? -- 5.5.5 Ambitious pledges -- 5.5.6 Reasonable reliance -- 5.5.7 Pledges without reliance -- 5.5.8 Affordability -- 5.5.9 Conclusion -- 5.6 Breaking new ground: challenging legal concepts -- 5.6.1 Introduction -- 5.6.2 Obligations towards future generations -- 5.6.2.1 Introduction -- 5.6.2.2 How many future generations? -- 5.6.2.3 Examples -- 5.6.2.3.1 Reduction obligations -- 5.6.2.3.2 New coal mines -- 5.6.2.3.3 Expanding cement factory -- 5.6.2.3.4 New runways -- 5.6.2.3.5 Deforestation -- 5.6.2.3.6 Carbon storage -- 5.6.3 A right to a clean and healthy environment -- 5.6.3.1 Introduction -- 5.6.3.2 A vague and undetermined concept -- 5.6.3.3 Balancing acts -- 5.6.4 A right to a stable climate -- 5.6.5 Rights of Mother Earth/Nature -- 5.6.6 Conclusion -- 5.7 Determining climate obligations: a global perspective -- 5.7.1 Introduction -- 5.7.2 A blueprint of global obligations -- 5.7.3 Reduction of GHG emissions -- 5.7.3.1 Introduction -- 5.7.3.2 Balancing interests -- 5.7.3.3 Precautionary principle 5.7.3.4 1.5°C or something else? -- 5.7.3.5 The carbon budget -- 5.7.3.6 Principle of progression and the need to reflect highest possible ambition -- 5.7.3.7 Anticipation of non-compliance -- 5.7.4 Other climate obligations -- 5.7.5 Case by case solutions -- 5.7.6 A blessing in disguise? -- 5.7.7 A blueprint of global climate responsibilities -- VI Remedies -- 6.0 Introduction -- 6.1 Access to justice -- 6.2 Remedies against States -- 6.3 Remedies against enterprises -- 6.4 Injunctive relief -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 Minimum causation -- 6.4.3 Challenges to formulate the relief -- 6.4.4 Achievability of the relief -- 6.5 Declaratory relief -- 6.6 Damages -- 6.6.1 Introduction -- 6.6.2 The Paris Agreement -- 6.6.3 The meaning of "remediation -- 6.6.4 Condicio sine qua non -- 6.6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.6.4.2 Condicio sine qua non -- 6.6.4.3 Condicio sine qua non: complexity challenges -- 6.6.4.4 Complexity and fault liability -- 6.6.4.5 Complexity and strict liability -- 6.6.4.6 Joint and several liability or several liability? -- 6.6.4.7 Conclusion -- 6.6.5 Harm required -- 6.6.6 Keeping the floodgates shut? -- 6.6.6.1 The scope of liability: the sky as the limit? -- 6.6.6.2 Legal techniques to keep the floodgates shut -- 6.6.6.2.1 Restrictions in space or time -- 6.6.6.2.2 Which losses? -- 6.6.6.2.3 Adaptation -- 6.6.6.2.4 Which victims? -- 6.6.6.2.5 Policy choices -- 6.6.6.2.6 A judgment of Solomon? -- 6.6.6.2.7 Contributory negligence -- 6.7 Ecocide -- VII Responsibility for historical emissions -- 7.0 Introduction -- 7.1 Knowledge is the keyword -- 7.1.1 Introduction -- 7.1.2 Increasing knowledge -- 7.1.3 An undeniable reality -- 7.1.4 The new millennium: increasing worries -- 7.1.5 Knowledge does not suffice -- 7.1.6 States -- 7.1.6.1 Before 1990 -- 7.1.6.2 1992 until Kyoto Protocol 7.1.6.3 Kyoto Protocol, the Doha Amendment and the Paris Agreement -- 7.1.7 Enterprises -- 7.1.7.1 Pre Kyoto Protocol -- 7.1.7.2 Kyoto Protocol and enterprises -- 7.1.7.3 Post Kyoto Protocol developments -- 7.2 Reductions do not suffice -- 7.3 Setting the bar too high could be counter-productive -- VIII Role of courts -- 8.0 Introduction -- 8.1 Hopeful messages -- 8.2 An impending turn of the tide? -- 8.3 The demarcation lines between the three pillars of the trias politica -- 8.3.1 Introduction -- 8.3.2 Case law -- 8.3.3 Conclusion -- IX Litigation -- 9.0 Difficult choices for plaintiffs -- 9.1 Ill-considered claims? -- 9.2 Class action -- 9.2.1 Introduction -- 9.2.2 Class action the panacea? -- 9.2.3 Class actions counter-productive? -- 9.2.4 The IBA Model Statute on standing -- 9.3 A caveat -- Part B Cases and hypotheticals -- Real and hypothetical cases -- B.1 Introduction -- B.2 General issues -- B.3 Cases and hypotheticals -- B.4 States and enterprises -- B.5 Minimal contribution, condicio sine qua non, standing and the political argument -- B.6 Precautionary principle -- B.7 GHGs or "only" CO2 emissions -- B.8 A focus on judgments and authoritative reports -- B.9 Climate-related litigation: a booming business -- B.10 Determinants of the outcome of judgments -- B.11 A jump to a preferred outcome? -- B.11.1 Introduction -- B.11.2 The Urgenda judgment -- B.11.3 Khan Cement Company v. Government of Punjab -- B.11.4 Oxfam et al. v. France -- B.11.5 Milieudefensie v. Shell -- B.11.6 Nature and Youth Norway, Greenpeace Nordic et al. v. Norway -- B.11.7 Ione Teitiota v. New Zealand -- B.11.8 Conclusion -- B.12 Telling the fortunes -- B.13 A broader focus -- Case 1 (reduction obligation of States) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Key issues -- 3 National or regional legal instruments and case law concerning reduction obligations -- 4 Kyoto Protocol 5 Paris Agreement -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 NDCs -- 5.3 The 1.5°C goal -- 5.4 If not 1.5°C: which alternative threshold? -- 5.5 Interim conclusion concerning 1.5°C -- 6 Human rights -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 More if possible? -- 6.3 Less if convenient? -- 6.4 Territorial reach of human rights -- 7 Tort law -- 8 Oslo Principles -- 9 Redistribution of non-achieved reductions? -- 10 Conclusion -- Case 2 (reduction obligation of enterprises) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Scope 1 emissions -- 3 A political issue? -- 4 National or regional legal instruments -- 5 The Paris Agreement -- 6 Human rights -- 7 Tort law -- 8 Enterprises Principles -- 9 Science based targets -- 10 Disposal of part of the business -- 11 Conclusion -- Case 3 (scope 3 emissions, fossil fuels) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Human rights and tort law -- 3 The challenges posed by principles -- 3.1 UN Guiding Principles -- 3.2 Options to give teeth to the UN Guiding Principles -- 3.3 The usefulness of an obligation to reduce WE's scope 3 emissions -- 3.4 Who has to bear the brunt? -- 4 OECD Guidelines -- 5 Global Compact -- 6 OEIGWG draft and other authoritative reports -- 7 Enterprises Principles -- 8 Science Based Targets -- 9 Oxford Martin Principles for Climate-Conscious Investment -- 10 Greenhouse Gas Protocol -- 11 The UNFCCC race to zero initiative -- 12 Due diligence rules -- 13 Impact assessments -- 14 Scope 3 reductions of the entire group of companies -- 15 Conclusion -- 16 A caveat -- Case 4 (products) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A special regime for luxury products with a high carbon footprint? -- 3 Transition towards net zero cars -- 4 Pending cases -- 5 Luxury and excessive: a broader perspective -- 6 The fluid line between scope 1 and 3 -- 7 A potential clash of human rights -- 8 A caveat -- 9 Conclusion -- Case 5 (retailers) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The food sector: a new target 3 Corporate pledges |
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| edition | 1st ed |
| format | Electronic eBook |
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Shell -- 5.4.2.2.2 The District Court's Urgenda judgment -- 5.4.2.2.3 Smith v. Fonterra -- 5.4.2.3 A clash between a desirable outcome and the limits of judicial manoeuvring room</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">5.4.3 The reasonable person: balancing acts -- 5.4.4 Proximity -- 5.4.5 Extra-territorial reach of climate obligations -- 5.4.6 Foreseeability of the alleged damage -- 5.4.7 Whose negligence? -- 5.4.8 Minimal contribution -- 5.4.9 Acting in accordance with statutory and regulatory requirements -- 5.4.10 Ripple effects on liability for damages -- 5.4.11 Tort law: breaking new ground? -- 5.4.12 Other climate obligations -- 5.4.12.1 Warnings/information about the carbon footprint -- 5.4.12.2 Putting fossil fuels on the market -- 5.4.12.3 Obligation to refrain from approving extension of a coal mine -- 5.4.12.4 A myriad of other obligations -- 5.5 Do pledges to reduce GHG emissions have legal consequences? -- 5.5.1 Introduction -- 5.5.2 Countless pledges -- 5.5.3 Not all pledges can be lumped together -- 5.5.4 Do pledges create obligations? -- 5.5.5 Ambitious pledges -- 5.5.6 Reasonable reliance -- 5.5.7 Pledges without reliance -- 5.5.8 Affordability -- 5.5.9 Conclusion -- 5.6 Breaking new ground: challenging legal concepts -- 5.6.1 Introduction -- 5.6.2 Obligations towards future generations -- 5.6.2.1 Introduction -- 5.6.2.2 How many future generations? -- 5.6.2.3 Examples -- 5.6.2.3.1 Reduction obligations -- 5.6.2.3.2 New coal mines -- 5.6.2.3.3 Expanding cement factory -- 5.6.2.3.4 New runways -- 5.6.2.3.5 Deforestation -- 5.6.2.3.6 Carbon storage -- 5.6.3 A right to a clean and healthy environment -- 5.6.3.1 Introduction -- 5.6.3.2 A vague and undetermined concept -- 5.6.3.3 Balancing acts -- 5.6.4 A right to a stable climate -- 5.6.5 Rights of Mother Earth/Nature -- 5.6.6 Conclusion -- 5.7 Determining climate obligations: a global perspective -- 5.7.1 Introduction -- 5.7.2 A blueprint of global obligations -- 5.7.3 Reduction of GHG emissions -- 5.7.3.1 Introduction -- 5.7.3.2 Balancing interests -- 5.7.3.3 Precautionary principle</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">5.7.3.4 1.5°C or something else? -- 5.7.3.5 The carbon budget -- 5.7.3.6 Principle of progression and the need to reflect highest possible ambition -- 5.7.3.7 Anticipation of non-compliance -- 5.7.4 Other climate obligations -- 5.7.5 Case by case solutions -- 5.7.6 A blessing in disguise? -- 5.7.7 A blueprint of global climate responsibilities -- VI Remedies -- 6.0 Introduction -- 6.1 Access to justice -- 6.2 Remedies against States -- 6.3 Remedies against enterprises -- 6.4 Injunctive relief -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 Minimum causation -- 6.4.3 Challenges to formulate the relief -- 6.4.4 Achievability of the relief -- 6.5 Declaratory relief -- 6.6 Damages -- 6.6.1 Introduction -- 6.6.2 The Paris Agreement -- 6.6.3 The meaning of "remediation -- 6.6.4 Condicio sine qua non -- 6.6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.6.4.2 Condicio sine qua non -- 6.6.4.3 Condicio sine qua non: complexity challenges -- 6.6.4.4 Complexity and fault liability -- 6.6.4.5 Complexity and strict liability -- 6.6.4.6 Joint and several liability or several liability? -- 6.6.4.7 Conclusion -- 6.6.5 Harm required -- 6.6.6 Keeping the floodgates shut? -- 6.6.6.1 The scope of liability: the sky as the limit? -- 6.6.6.2 Legal techniques to keep the floodgates shut -- 6.6.6.2.1 Restrictions in space or time -- 6.6.6.2.2 Which losses? -- 6.6.6.2.3 Adaptation -- 6.6.6.2.4 Which victims? -- 6.6.6.2.5 Policy choices -- 6.6.6.2.6 A judgment of Solomon? -- 6.6.6.2.7 Contributory negligence -- 6.7 Ecocide -- VII Responsibility for historical emissions -- 7.0 Introduction -- 7.1 Knowledge is the keyword -- 7.1.1 Introduction -- 7.1.2 Increasing knowledge -- 7.1.3 An undeniable reality -- 7.1.4 The new millennium: increasing worries -- 7.1.5 Knowledge does not suffice -- 7.1.6 States -- 7.1.6.1 Before 1990 -- 7.1.6.2 1992 until Kyoto Protocol</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7.1.6.3 Kyoto Protocol, the Doha Amendment and the Paris Agreement -- 7.1.7 Enterprises -- 7.1.7.1 Pre Kyoto Protocol -- 7.1.7.2 Kyoto Protocol and enterprises -- 7.1.7.3 Post Kyoto Protocol developments -- 7.2 Reductions do not suffice -- 7.3 Setting the bar too high could be counter-productive -- VIII Role of courts -- 8.0 Introduction -- 8.1 Hopeful messages -- 8.2 An impending turn of the tide? -- 8.3 The demarcation lines between the three pillars of the trias politica -- 8.3.1 Introduction -- 8.3.2 Case law -- 8.3.3 Conclusion -- IX Litigation -- 9.0 Difficult choices for plaintiffs -- 9.1 Ill-considered claims? -- 9.2 Class action -- 9.2.1 Introduction -- 9.2.2 Class action the panacea? -- 9.2.3 Class actions counter-productive? -- 9.2.4 The IBA Model Statute on standing -- 9.3 A caveat -- Part B Cases and hypotheticals -- Real and hypothetical cases -- B.1 Introduction -- B.2 General issues -- B.3 Cases and hypotheticals -- B.4 States and enterprises -- B.5 Minimal contribution, condicio sine qua non, standing and the political argument -- B.6 Precautionary principle -- B.7 GHGs or "only" CO2 emissions -- B.8 A focus on judgments and authoritative reports -- B.9 Climate-related litigation: a booming business -- B.10 Determinants of the outcome of judgments -- B.11 A jump to a preferred outcome? -- B.11.1 Introduction -- B.11.2 The Urgenda judgment -- B.11.3 Khan Cement Company v. Government of Punjab -- B.11.4 Oxfam et al. v. France -- B.11.5 Milieudefensie v. Shell -- B.11.6 Nature and Youth Norway, Greenpeace Nordic et al. v. Norway -- B.11.7 Ione Teitiota v. New Zealand -- B.11.8 Conclusion -- B.12 Telling the fortunes -- B.13 A broader focus -- Case 1 (reduction obligation of States) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Key issues -- 3 National or regional legal instruments and case law concerning reduction obligations -- 4 Kyoto Protocol</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">5 Paris Agreement -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 NDCs -- 5.3 The 1.5°C goal -- 5.4 If not 1.5°C: which alternative threshold? -- 5.5 Interim conclusion concerning 1.5°C -- 6 Human rights -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 More if possible? -- 6.3 Less if convenient? -- 6.4 Territorial reach of human rights -- 7 Tort law -- 8 Oslo Principles -- 9 Redistribution of non-achieved reductions? -- 10 Conclusion -- Case 2 (reduction obligation of enterprises) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Scope 1 emissions -- 3 A political issue? -- 4 National or regional legal instruments -- 5 The Paris Agreement -- 6 Human rights -- 7 Tort law -- 8 Enterprises Principles -- 9 Science based targets -- 10 Disposal of part of the business -- 11 Conclusion -- Case 3 (scope 3 emissions, fossil fuels) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Human rights and tort law -- 3 The challenges posed by principles -- 3.1 UN Guiding Principles -- 3.2 Options to give teeth to the UN Guiding Principles -- 3.3 The usefulness of an obligation to reduce WE's scope 3 emissions -- 3.4 Who has to bear the brunt? -- 4 OECD Guidelines -- 5 Global Compact -- 6 OEIGWG draft and other authoritative reports -- 7 Enterprises Principles -- 8 Science Based Targets -- 9 Oxford Martin Principles for Climate-Conscious Investment -- 10 Greenhouse Gas Protocol -- 11 The UNFCCC race to zero initiative -- 12 Due diligence rules -- 13 Impact assessments -- 14 Scope 3 reductions of the entire group of companies -- 15 Conclusion -- 16 A caveat -- Case 4 (products) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A special regime for luxury products with a high carbon footprint? -- 3 Transition towards net zero cars -- 4 Pending cases -- 5 Luxury and excessive: a broader perspective -- 6 The fluid line between scope 1 and 3 -- 7 A potential clash of human rights -- 8 A caveat -- 9 Conclusion -- Case 5 (retailers) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The food sector: a new target</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3 Corporate pledges</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Druck-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="a">Spier, Jaap</subfield><subfield code="t">Climate Litigation in a Changing World</subfield><subfield code="d">The Hague : Boom Uitgevers Den Haag,c2022</subfield><subfield code="z">9789462363267</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-30-PQE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034185678</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/hwr/detail.action?docID=7211544</subfield><subfield code="l">HWR01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-30-PQE</subfield><subfield code="q">HWR_PDA_PQE</subfield><subfield code="x">Aggregator</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV048921587 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:55:17Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:49:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789400111837 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034185678 |
| oclc_num | 1372395832 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-2070s |
| owner_facet | DE-2070s |
| physical | 1 Online-Ressource (629 Seiten) |
| psigel | ZDB-30-PQE ZDB-30-PQE HWR_PDA_PQE |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Boom Uitgevers Den Haag |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Spier, Jaap Verfasser aut Climate Litigation in a Changing World 1st ed The Hague Boom Uitgevers Den Haag 2022 ©2022 1 Online-Ressource (629 Seiten) txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources Cover -- Title page -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part A Key issues -- I Introduction -- II The key features of climate change -- 2.0 Introduction -- 2.1 Climate change caused by GHGs -- 2.2 Anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic GHGs -- 2.3 The "desirable" upper limit of global warming -- 2.4 1.5°C: Fiction or still within reach? -- 2.5 Adverse consequences of climate change -- 2.6 A stalemate -- 2.7 A myriad of options to stem the tide -- III The precautionary principle -- 3.0 Introduction -- 3.1 Certainty in the realm of climate change and its adverse consequences -- 3.2 Uncertainties in the realm of climate change -- 3.3 The importance of the IPCC findings -- 3.4 A serious threat of irreversible harm -- 3.5 Balancing the risks and the costs of taking measures -- 3.6 Unachievable measures -- 3.7 Acceptability -- 3.8 Reductions and other measures -- 3.8.1 The globally required reductions -- 3.8.2 Reduction obligations of States and enterprises -- 3.8.3 Other measures -- IV Attribution of GHG emissions -- 4.0 Introduction -- 4.1 States -- 4.2 Enterprises -- V Legal bases of climate obligations -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 International law -- 5.2 The Paris Agreement -- 5.2.1 Obligations of States -- 5.2.2 Obligations of enterprises -- 5.3 Human rights -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Human rights: obligations of States -- 5.3.3 Human rights of enterprises -- 5.3.4 Case law -- 5.3.5 Authoritative reports -- 5.3.6 Procedural obligations -- 5.3.7 A caveat -- 5.4 Tort law -- 5.4.1 Introduction -- 5.4.2 Reduction of emissions -- 5.4.2.1 Introduction -- 5.4.2.2 Three important judgments -- 5.4.2.2.1 Mileudefensie v. Shell -- 5.4.2.2.2 The District Court's Urgenda judgment -- 5.4.2.2.3 Smith v. Fonterra -- 5.4.2.3 A clash between a desirable outcome and the limits of judicial manoeuvring room 5.4.3 The reasonable person: balancing acts -- 5.4.4 Proximity -- 5.4.5 Extra-territorial reach of climate obligations -- 5.4.6 Foreseeability of the alleged damage -- 5.4.7 Whose negligence? -- 5.4.8 Minimal contribution -- 5.4.9 Acting in accordance with statutory and regulatory requirements -- 5.4.10 Ripple effects on liability for damages -- 5.4.11 Tort law: breaking new ground? -- 5.4.12 Other climate obligations -- 5.4.12.1 Warnings/information about the carbon footprint -- 5.4.12.2 Putting fossil fuels on the market -- 5.4.12.3 Obligation to refrain from approving extension of a coal mine -- 5.4.12.4 A myriad of other obligations -- 5.5 Do pledges to reduce GHG emissions have legal consequences? -- 5.5.1 Introduction -- 5.5.2 Countless pledges -- 5.5.3 Not all pledges can be lumped together -- 5.5.4 Do pledges create obligations? -- 5.5.5 Ambitious pledges -- 5.5.6 Reasonable reliance -- 5.5.7 Pledges without reliance -- 5.5.8 Affordability -- 5.5.9 Conclusion -- 5.6 Breaking new ground: challenging legal concepts -- 5.6.1 Introduction -- 5.6.2 Obligations towards future generations -- 5.6.2.1 Introduction -- 5.6.2.2 How many future generations? -- 5.6.2.3 Examples -- 5.6.2.3.1 Reduction obligations -- 5.6.2.3.2 New coal mines -- 5.6.2.3.3 Expanding cement factory -- 5.6.2.3.4 New runways -- 5.6.2.3.5 Deforestation -- 5.6.2.3.6 Carbon storage -- 5.6.3 A right to a clean and healthy environment -- 5.6.3.1 Introduction -- 5.6.3.2 A vague and undetermined concept -- 5.6.3.3 Balancing acts -- 5.6.4 A right to a stable climate -- 5.6.5 Rights of Mother Earth/Nature -- 5.6.6 Conclusion -- 5.7 Determining climate obligations: a global perspective -- 5.7.1 Introduction -- 5.7.2 A blueprint of global obligations -- 5.7.3 Reduction of GHG emissions -- 5.7.3.1 Introduction -- 5.7.3.2 Balancing interests -- 5.7.3.3 Precautionary principle 5.7.3.4 1.5°C or something else? -- 5.7.3.5 The carbon budget -- 5.7.3.6 Principle of progression and the need to reflect highest possible ambition -- 5.7.3.7 Anticipation of non-compliance -- 5.7.4 Other climate obligations -- 5.7.5 Case by case solutions -- 5.7.6 A blessing in disguise? -- 5.7.7 A blueprint of global climate responsibilities -- VI Remedies -- 6.0 Introduction -- 6.1 Access to justice -- 6.2 Remedies against States -- 6.3 Remedies against enterprises -- 6.4 Injunctive relief -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 Minimum causation -- 6.4.3 Challenges to formulate the relief -- 6.4.4 Achievability of the relief -- 6.5 Declaratory relief -- 6.6 Damages -- 6.6.1 Introduction -- 6.6.2 The Paris Agreement -- 6.6.3 The meaning of "remediation -- 6.6.4 Condicio sine qua non -- 6.6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.6.4.2 Condicio sine qua non -- 6.6.4.3 Condicio sine qua non: complexity challenges -- 6.6.4.4 Complexity and fault liability -- 6.6.4.5 Complexity and strict liability -- 6.6.4.6 Joint and several liability or several liability? -- 6.6.4.7 Conclusion -- 6.6.5 Harm required -- 6.6.6 Keeping the floodgates shut? -- 6.6.6.1 The scope of liability: the sky as the limit? -- 6.6.6.2 Legal techniques to keep the floodgates shut -- 6.6.6.2.1 Restrictions in space or time -- 6.6.6.2.2 Which losses? -- 6.6.6.2.3 Adaptation -- 6.6.6.2.4 Which victims? -- 6.6.6.2.5 Policy choices -- 6.6.6.2.6 A judgment of Solomon? -- 6.6.6.2.7 Contributory negligence -- 6.7 Ecocide -- VII Responsibility for historical emissions -- 7.0 Introduction -- 7.1 Knowledge is the keyword -- 7.1.1 Introduction -- 7.1.2 Increasing knowledge -- 7.1.3 An undeniable reality -- 7.1.4 The new millennium: increasing worries -- 7.1.5 Knowledge does not suffice -- 7.1.6 States -- 7.1.6.1 Before 1990 -- 7.1.6.2 1992 until Kyoto Protocol 7.1.6.3 Kyoto Protocol, the Doha Amendment and the Paris Agreement -- 7.1.7 Enterprises -- 7.1.7.1 Pre Kyoto Protocol -- 7.1.7.2 Kyoto Protocol and enterprises -- 7.1.7.3 Post Kyoto Protocol developments -- 7.2 Reductions do not suffice -- 7.3 Setting the bar too high could be counter-productive -- VIII Role of courts -- 8.0 Introduction -- 8.1 Hopeful messages -- 8.2 An impending turn of the tide? -- 8.3 The demarcation lines between the three pillars of the trias politica -- 8.3.1 Introduction -- 8.3.2 Case law -- 8.3.3 Conclusion -- IX Litigation -- 9.0 Difficult choices for plaintiffs -- 9.1 Ill-considered claims? -- 9.2 Class action -- 9.2.1 Introduction -- 9.2.2 Class action the panacea? -- 9.2.3 Class actions counter-productive? -- 9.2.4 The IBA Model Statute on standing -- 9.3 A caveat -- Part B Cases and hypotheticals -- Real and hypothetical cases -- B.1 Introduction -- B.2 General issues -- B.3 Cases and hypotheticals -- B.4 States and enterprises -- B.5 Minimal contribution, condicio sine qua non, standing and the political argument -- B.6 Precautionary principle -- B.7 GHGs or "only" CO2 emissions -- B.8 A focus on judgments and authoritative reports -- B.9 Climate-related litigation: a booming business -- B.10 Determinants of the outcome of judgments -- B.11 A jump to a preferred outcome? -- B.11.1 Introduction -- B.11.2 The Urgenda judgment -- B.11.3 Khan Cement Company v. Government of Punjab -- B.11.4 Oxfam et al. v. France -- B.11.5 Milieudefensie v. Shell -- B.11.6 Nature and Youth Norway, Greenpeace Nordic et al. v. Norway -- B.11.7 Ione Teitiota v. New Zealand -- B.11.8 Conclusion -- B.12 Telling the fortunes -- B.13 A broader focus -- Case 1 (reduction obligation of States) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Key issues -- 3 National or regional legal instruments and case law concerning reduction obligations -- 4 Kyoto Protocol 5 Paris Agreement -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 NDCs -- 5.3 The 1.5°C goal -- 5.4 If not 1.5°C: which alternative threshold? -- 5.5 Interim conclusion concerning 1.5°C -- 6 Human rights -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 More if possible? -- 6.3 Less if convenient? -- 6.4 Territorial reach of human rights -- 7 Tort law -- 8 Oslo Principles -- 9 Redistribution of non-achieved reductions? -- 10 Conclusion -- Case 2 (reduction obligation of enterprises) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Scope 1 emissions -- 3 A political issue? -- 4 National or regional legal instruments -- 5 The Paris Agreement -- 6 Human rights -- 7 Tort law -- 8 Enterprises Principles -- 9 Science based targets -- 10 Disposal of part of the business -- 11 Conclusion -- Case 3 (scope 3 emissions, fossil fuels) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Human rights and tort law -- 3 The challenges posed by principles -- 3.1 UN Guiding Principles -- 3.2 Options to give teeth to the UN Guiding Principles -- 3.3 The usefulness of an obligation to reduce WE's scope 3 emissions -- 3.4 Who has to bear the brunt? -- 4 OECD Guidelines -- 5 Global Compact -- 6 OEIGWG draft and other authoritative reports -- 7 Enterprises Principles -- 8 Science Based Targets -- 9 Oxford Martin Principles for Climate-Conscious Investment -- 10 Greenhouse Gas Protocol -- 11 The UNFCCC race to zero initiative -- 12 Due diligence rules -- 13 Impact assessments -- 14 Scope 3 reductions of the entire group of companies -- 15 Conclusion -- 16 A caveat -- Case 4 (products) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A special regime for luxury products with a high carbon footprint? -- 3 Transition towards net zero cars -- 4 Pending cases -- 5 Luxury and excessive: a broader perspective -- 6 The fluid line between scope 1 and 3 -- 7 A potential clash of human rights -- 8 A caveat -- 9 Conclusion -- Case 5 (retailers) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The food sector: a new target 3 Corporate pledges Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Spier, Jaap Climate Litigation in a Changing World The Hague : Boom Uitgevers Den Haag,c2022 9789462363267 |
| spellingShingle | Spier, Jaap Climate Litigation in a Changing World Cover -- Title page -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part A Key issues -- I Introduction -- II The key features of climate change -- 2.0 Introduction -- 2.1 Climate change caused by GHGs -- 2.2 Anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic GHGs -- 2.3 The "desirable" upper limit of global warming -- 2.4 1.5°C: Fiction or still within reach? -- 2.5 Adverse consequences of climate change -- 2.6 A stalemate -- 2.7 A myriad of options to stem the tide -- III The precautionary principle -- 3.0 Introduction -- 3.1 Certainty in the realm of climate change and its adverse consequences -- 3.2 Uncertainties in the realm of climate change -- 3.3 The importance of the IPCC findings -- 3.4 A serious threat of irreversible harm -- 3.5 Balancing the risks and the costs of taking measures -- 3.6 Unachievable measures -- 3.7 Acceptability -- 3.8 Reductions and other measures -- 3.8.1 The globally required reductions -- 3.8.2 Reduction obligations of States and enterprises -- 3.8.3 Other measures -- IV Attribution of GHG emissions -- 4.0 Introduction -- 4.1 States -- 4.2 Enterprises -- V Legal bases of climate obligations -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 International law -- 5.2 The Paris Agreement -- 5.2.1 Obligations of States -- 5.2.2 Obligations of enterprises -- 5.3 Human rights -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Human rights: obligations of States -- 5.3.3 Human rights of enterprises -- 5.3.4 Case law -- 5.3.5 Authoritative reports -- 5.3.6 Procedural obligations -- 5.3.7 A caveat -- 5.4 Tort law -- 5.4.1 Introduction -- 5.4.2 Reduction of emissions -- 5.4.2.1 Introduction -- 5.4.2.2 Three important judgments -- 5.4.2.2.1 Mileudefensie v. Shell -- 5.4.2.2.2 The District Court's Urgenda judgment -- 5.4.2.2.3 Smith v. Fonterra -- 5.4.2.3 A clash between a desirable outcome and the limits of judicial manoeuvring room 5.4.3 The reasonable person: balancing acts -- 5.4.4 Proximity -- 5.4.5 Extra-territorial reach of climate obligations -- 5.4.6 Foreseeability of the alleged damage -- 5.4.7 Whose negligence? -- 5.4.8 Minimal contribution -- 5.4.9 Acting in accordance with statutory and regulatory requirements -- 5.4.10 Ripple effects on liability for damages -- 5.4.11 Tort law: breaking new ground? -- 5.4.12 Other climate obligations -- 5.4.12.1 Warnings/information about the carbon footprint -- 5.4.12.2 Putting fossil fuels on the market -- 5.4.12.3 Obligation to refrain from approving extension of a coal mine -- 5.4.12.4 A myriad of other obligations -- 5.5 Do pledges to reduce GHG emissions have legal consequences? -- 5.5.1 Introduction -- 5.5.2 Countless pledges -- 5.5.3 Not all pledges can be lumped together -- 5.5.4 Do pledges create obligations? -- 5.5.5 Ambitious pledges -- 5.5.6 Reasonable reliance -- 5.5.7 Pledges without reliance -- 5.5.8 Affordability -- 5.5.9 Conclusion -- 5.6 Breaking new ground: challenging legal concepts -- 5.6.1 Introduction -- 5.6.2 Obligations towards future generations -- 5.6.2.1 Introduction -- 5.6.2.2 How many future generations? -- 5.6.2.3 Examples -- 5.6.2.3.1 Reduction obligations -- 5.6.2.3.2 New coal mines -- 5.6.2.3.3 Expanding cement factory -- 5.6.2.3.4 New runways -- 5.6.2.3.5 Deforestation -- 5.6.2.3.6 Carbon storage -- 5.6.3 A right to a clean and healthy environment -- 5.6.3.1 Introduction -- 5.6.3.2 A vague and undetermined concept -- 5.6.3.3 Balancing acts -- 5.6.4 A right to a stable climate -- 5.6.5 Rights of Mother Earth/Nature -- 5.6.6 Conclusion -- 5.7 Determining climate obligations: a global perspective -- 5.7.1 Introduction -- 5.7.2 A blueprint of global obligations -- 5.7.3 Reduction of GHG emissions -- 5.7.3.1 Introduction -- 5.7.3.2 Balancing interests -- 5.7.3.3 Precautionary principle 5.7.3.4 1.5°C or something else? -- 5.7.3.5 The carbon budget -- 5.7.3.6 Principle of progression and the need to reflect highest possible ambition -- 5.7.3.7 Anticipation of non-compliance -- 5.7.4 Other climate obligations -- 5.7.5 Case by case solutions -- 5.7.6 A blessing in disguise? -- 5.7.7 A blueprint of global climate responsibilities -- VI Remedies -- 6.0 Introduction -- 6.1 Access to justice -- 6.2 Remedies against States -- 6.3 Remedies against enterprises -- 6.4 Injunctive relief -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 Minimum causation -- 6.4.3 Challenges to formulate the relief -- 6.4.4 Achievability of the relief -- 6.5 Declaratory relief -- 6.6 Damages -- 6.6.1 Introduction -- 6.6.2 The Paris Agreement -- 6.6.3 The meaning of "remediation -- 6.6.4 Condicio sine qua non -- 6.6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.6.4.2 Condicio sine qua non -- 6.6.4.3 Condicio sine qua non: complexity challenges -- 6.6.4.4 Complexity and fault liability -- 6.6.4.5 Complexity and strict liability -- 6.6.4.6 Joint and several liability or several liability? -- 6.6.4.7 Conclusion -- 6.6.5 Harm required -- 6.6.6 Keeping the floodgates shut? -- 6.6.6.1 The scope of liability: the sky as the limit? -- 6.6.6.2 Legal techniques to keep the floodgates shut -- 6.6.6.2.1 Restrictions in space or time -- 6.6.6.2.2 Which losses? -- 6.6.6.2.3 Adaptation -- 6.6.6.2.4 Which victims? -- 6.6.6.2.5 Policy choices -- 6.6.6.2.6 A judgment of Solomon? -- 6.6.6.2.7 Contributory negligence -- 6.7 Ecocide -- VII Responsibility for historical emissions -- 7.0 Introduction -- 7.1 Knowledge is the keyword -- 7.1.1 Introduction -- 7.1.2 Increasing knowledge -- 7.1.3 An undeniable reality -- 7.1.4 The new millennium: increasing worries -- 7.1.5 Knowledge does not suffice -- 7.1.6 States -- 7.1.6.1 Before 1990 -- 7.1.6.2 1992 until Kyoto Protocol 7.1.6.3 Kyoto Protocol, the Doha Amendment and the Paris Agreement -- 7.1.7 Enterprises -- 7.1.7.1 Pre Kyoto Protocol -- 7.1.7.2 Kyoto Protocol and enterprises -- 7.1.7.3 Post Kyoto Protocol developments -- 7.2 Reductions do not suffice -- 7.3 Setting the bar too high could be counter-productive -- VIII Role of courts -- 8.0 Introduction -- 8.1 Hopeful messages -- 8.2 An impending turn of the tide? -- 8.3 The demarcation lines between the three pillars of the trias politica -- 8.3.1 Introduction -- 8.3.2 Case law -- 8.3.3 Conclusion -- IX Litigation -- 9.0 Difficult choices for plaintiffs -- 9.1 Ill-considered claims? -- 9.2 Class action -- 9.2.1 Introduction -- 9.2.2 Class action the panacea? -- 9.2.3 Class actions counter-productive? -- 9.2.4 The IBA Model Statute on standing -- 9.3 A caveat -- Part B Cases and hypotheticals -- Real and hypothetical cases -- B.1 Introduction -- B.2 General issues -- B.3 Cases and hypotheticals -- B.4 States and enterprises -- B.5 Minimal contribution, condicio sine qua non, standing and the political argument -- B.6 Precautionary principle -- B.7 GHGs or "only" CO2 emissions -- B.8 A focus on judgments and authoritative reports -- B.9 Climate-related litigation: a booming business -- B.10 Determinants of the outcome of judgments -- B.11 A jump to a preferred outcome? -- B.11.1 Introduction -- B.11.2 The Urgenda judgment -- B.11.3 Khan Cement Company v. Government of Punjab -- B.11.4 Oxfam et al. v. France -- B.11.5 Milieudefensie v. Shell -- B.11.6 Nature and Youth Norway, Greenpeace Nordic et al. v. Norway -- B.11.7 Ione Teitiota v. New Zealand -- B.11.8 Conclusion -- B.12 Telling the fortunes -- B.13 A broader focus -- Case 1 (reduction obligation of States) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Key issues -- 3 National or regional legal instruments and case law concerning reduction obligations -- 4 Kyoto Protocol 5 Paris Agreement -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 NDCs -- 5.3 The 1.5°C goal -- 5.4 If not 1.5°C: which alternative threshold? -- 5.5 Interim conclusion concerning 1.5°C -- 6 Human rights -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 More if possible? -- 6.3 Less if convenient? -- 6.4 Territorial reach of human rights -- 7 Tort law -- 8 Oslo Principles -- 9 Redistribution of non-achieved reductions? -- 10 Conclusion -- Case 2 (reduction obligation of enterprises) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Scope 1 emissions -- 3 A political issue? -- 4 National or regional legal instruments -- 5 The Paris Agreement -- 6 Human rights -- 7 Tort law -- 8 Enterprises Principles -- 9 Science based targets -- 10 Disposal of part of the business -- 11 Conclusion -- Case 3 (scope 3 emissions, fossil fuels) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Human rights and tort law -- 3 The challenges posed by principles -- 3.1 UN Guiding Principles -- 3.2 Options to give teeth to the UN Guiding Principles -- 3.3 The usefulness of an obligation to reduce WE's scope 3 emissions -- 3.4 Who has to bear the brunt? -- 4 OECD Guidelines -- 5 Global Compact -- 6 OEIGWG draft and other authoritative reports -- 7 Enterprises Principles -- 8 Science Based Targets -- 9 Oxford Martin Principles for Climate-Conscious Investment -- 10 Greenhouse Gas Protocol -- 11 The UNFCCC race to zero initiative -- 12 Due diligence rules -- 13 Impact assessments -- 14 Scope 3 reductions of the entire group of companies -- 15 Conclusion -- 16 A caveat -- Case 4 (products) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A special regime for luxury products with a high carbon footprint? -- 3 Transition towards net zero cars -- 4 Pending cases -- 5 Luxury and excessive: a broader perspective -- 6 The fluid line between scope 1 and 3 -- 7 A potential clash of human rights -- 8 A caveat -- 9 Conclusion -- Case 5 (retailers) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The food sector: a new target 3 Corporate pledges |
| title | Climate Litigation in a Changing World |
| title_auth | Climate Litigation in a Changing World |
| title_exact_search | Climate Litigation in a Changing World |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Climate Litigation in a Changing World |
| title_full | Climate Litigation in a Changing World |
| title_fullStr | Climate Litigation in a Changing World |
| title_full_unstemmed | Climate Litigation in a Changing World |
| title_short | Climate Litigation in a Changing World |
| title_sort | climate litigation in a changing world |
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