Right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence: a practical guide to the Article 8 case-law of the European Court of Human Rights
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| Sprache: | English |
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Cambridge ; Antwerp ; Chicago
Intersentia
[2022]
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xlii, 417 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781839702747 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence |b a practical guide to the Article 8 case-law of the European Court of Human Rights |c Päivi Hirvelä, Satu Heikkilä |
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge ; Antwerp ; Chicago |b Intersentia |c [2022] | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS Acknowledgements...................................................................................................... v List of Cases............................................................................................................. xvii Chapter 1. Introduction............................................................................................. 1 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. Four Protected Rights........................................................................................ 1 Negative and Positive Obligation...................................................................... 2 Structure of a Case Analysis.............................................................................. 3 Dynamic Interpretation.................................................................................... 4 Relationship to Other Articles.......................................................................... 6 1.5.1. Articles 2 and 3.....................................................................................6 1.5.2. Article 6................................................................................................. 7 1.5.3. Article 9................................................................................................. 8 1.5.4. Article 10............................................................................................... 9 1.5.5. Article 13............................................................................................... 9 1.5.6. Article
14.............................................................................................. 10 1.5.7. Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 ................................................................. 11 1.5.8. Article 2 §1 of ProtocolNo. 4............................................................. 11 Chapter 2. Protection of Private Life..................................................................... 13 2.1. Scope of Protection of Private Life and its Interference............................... 15 2.1.1. Risk of Interference Caused by Legislation...................................... 15 2.1.2. Interferences Caused by Applicants Themselves............................. 16 2.1.3. Wide Scope of Protection and Variety of Interferences................. 16 2.1.3.1. Physical and Psychological Integrity................................ 17 2.1.3.2. Involuntary Treatment....................................................... 19 2.1.3.3. Personal Honour, Reputation and the Right to be Forgotten ................................................................. 20 2.1.3.4. Collection and Use of Personal Information.................... 21 2.1.3.5. Self-Determination............................................................ 25 2.1.3.6. Personal Identity and Origin............................................. 28 2.1.3.7. Sexual Orientation............................................................ 30 2.1.3.8. Social Relationships to Other People................................32 2.1.3.9. Beginning of Life................................................................ 35 2.1.3.10.
Environmental Risks.......................................................... 36 Intersentia vii
Contents 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. viii 2.1.3.11. No Right to Enter or Reside in a Given Country.......... 38 2.1.3.12. No Right to Nationality.................................................... 38 Legality of the Interference............................................................................. 39 2.2.1. Legal Basis and the Quality of Law.................................................. 39 2.2.2. Telephone Tapping............................................................................. 40 2.2.3. Coercive Measures............................................................................. 42 2.2.4. Measures Taken in Prisons................................................................ 45 2.2.5. Involuntary Treatment....................................................................... 45 2.2.6. Data Protection................................................................................... 46 Legitimate Aim................................................................................................ 47 Necessity in a Democratic Society................................................................. 48 2.4.1. Personal Integrity............................................................................... 48 2.4.1.1. Physical Integrity and the Positive Obligation of the State......................................................................... 49 2.4.1.1.1. Physical Integrity Protected by Several Articles........................................................... 50 2.4.1.1.2. Violence against Children and Child Welfare
Reports.............................................. 51 2.4.1.1.3. Domestic Violence........................................ 55 2.4.1.1.4. Psychological Violence and Bullying..........59 2.4.1.1.5. Violence Inflicted on Ethnic Groups or Sexual Minorities...................................... 61 2.4.1.2. Medical Treatment and Health Care............................... 62 2.4.1.2.1. Involuntary Treatment.................................... 62 2.4.1.2.2. Other Health-Related Issues......................... 64 2.4.1.2.3. Medical Negligence....................................... 65 2.4.1.2.4. Access to Health Care.................................... 66 2.4.2. Protection of Privacy.......................................................................... 67 2.4.2.1. Personal Honour and Reputation: Defamation Cases............................................................. 67 2.4.2.1.1. Loss of Reputation........................................ 69 2.4.2.1.2. Public or Private Individuals.......................... 72 2.4.2.1.3. Satire and Parody........................................... 73 2.4.2.1.4. Social Media................................................... 74 2.4.2.1.5. Procedural Aspects..........................................75 2.4.2.2. Publishing of One’s Photos.............................................. 76 2.4.2.3. Right to be Forgotten........................................................ 78 2.4.2.4. Lawyer-Client Confidentiality.......................................... 80 2.4.2.5. Other
Situations................................................................80 2.4.3. Data Collection and Different Registers........................................... 82 2.4.3.1. Scope of Data Protection.................................................. 82 2.4.3.2. General Data Protection Issues........................................ 85 Intersentia
Contents Secret Registers and Security Clearings...........................88 Confidential Information and its Handing Over..........89 2.4.Յ.4.1. Medical and Child Welfare Data................... 90 2.4.3.4.2. Data Protected by Bank and Professional Secrecy........................................................... 92 2.4.3.4.3. Procedural Aspects........................................ 93 2.4.3.5. Access to Data Held by Authorities................................. 93 2.4.3.5.1. Access to Data on Oneself.............................93 2.4.3.5.2. Journalists’ Access to Data.............................95 2.4.3.6. Correctness of the Registry Entries.................................. 96 2.4. Յ.6.1. Registry Entries on Marital Status or Nationality.............................. 96 2.4. 3.6.2. Registration of Changed Sex..................... 97 2.4.4. Surveillance and Control Measures................................................ 100 2.4.4.1. Camera Surveillance, Telephone Tapping and Other Covert Recordings........................ 100 2.4.4.2. Taking of Bodily Samples................................................ 103 2.4.4.3. Employer’s Right to Control Employees’ Communication at the Workplace................ 105 2.4.4.4. Doping Controls of Sportsmen.......................................108 2.4.4.5. Other Types of Security Controls...................................108 2.4.5. Self-Determination.......................................................................... 110 2.4.5.1. Incapacity to Make Personal Decisions and Restrictions on Legal Capacity.............. Ill
2.4.5.2. Rights of Disabled People.............................................. 113 2.4.5.3. Relatives’ Right to Bury a Close Family Member and to Decide on the Burial Plot and Exhumation....... 114 2.4.5.4. State’s Liability for Medical Expenses............................. 116 2.4.5.5. Sufficiency of Social Security and a Persons Dignity............................................................ 117 2.4.6. Personal Identity and Origin.......................................................... 119 2.4.6.1. Biological Origin............................................................... 120 2.4.6.1.1. Paternity Actions Brought by Children against Putative Fathers........... 120 2.4.6.1.2. Paternity Actions Brought by Fathers .... 122 2.4.6.1.2.1. Quashing of the Paternity... .122 2.4.6.1.2.2. Confirmation of Paternity when a Child Already has a Father.................................. 124 2.4.6.1.3. Time-Limits of Paternity Actions................ 128 2.4.6.1.4. Actions Relating to Maternity...................... 132 2.4.6.1.5. Surrogacy Arrangements.............................. 132 2.4.3.3. 2.4.3.4. Intersentia ІХ
Contents 2.4.7. 2.4.8. 2.4.9. x 2.4.6.2. Name..................................................................................136 2.4.6.2.1. Surname....................................................... 137 2.4.6.2.2. Forename......................................................138 2.4.6.3. Elements of Personal Identity and Physical Appearance..................................................................... 139 2.4.6.4. Sexual Identity.................................................................. 141 2.4.6.5. Ethnicity and Nationality................................................. 142 2.4.6.6. Withdrawal or Deprivationof Nationality or Residence Permit....................................................... 145 Intimate Life and Sexual Orientation............................................ 148 2.4.7.1. Criminalisation of Homosexual Relations.................... 148 2.4.7.2. Sexual Life........................................................................ 149 2.4.7.2.1. Causing of Serious Injuries......................... 149 2.4.7.2.2. Acts with No Physical Harm and Disclosure of Such Acts....................... 151 2.4.7.3. Sexual Orientation and Job Requirements.................... 151 2.4.7.4. Discrimination and Sexual Orientation.......................... 154 2.4.7.4.1. Discrimination because of Sexual Orientation.................................................. 154 2.4.7.4.2. Discrimination in Adoption Situations...................................................... 155 2.4.7.4.3. Discrimination in Matters Concerning Social Benefits and Residence
Permits.... 156 2.4.7.4.4. Discrimination in Marital Status............. 158 Social Relationships to Other People............................................ 161 2.4.8.1. Person’s Profession and Employment............................. 161 2.4.8.1.1. Dismissal of Judges...................................... 162 2.4.8.1.2. Admission to the Bar...................................163 2.4.8.1.3. Ecclesiastical Jobs........................................ 164 2.4.8.1.4. Other Professional Situations..................... 165 2.4.8.2. Expulsions........................................................................ 167 Start and End of Life....................................................................... 168 2.4.9.1. Abortion............................................................................ 168 2.4.9.1.1. Prohibition of Abortion and Social Grounds........................................................ 170 2.4.9.1.2. Prohibition of Abortion and Danger of Life............................................................ 171 2.4.9.1.2.1. Danger to Mother................. 171 2.4.9.1.2.2. Dangerto Unborn Child ... 173 2.4.9.1.3. Involuntary Abortion................................... 174 2.4.9.1.4. Information on Contraception and Abortion.............................175 Intersentia
Contents 2.4.9.1.5. Right to Challenge Decisions Relating to Abortion.............................. 176 2.4.9.2. Assisted Reproduction.................................................... 176 2.4.9.2.1. Right to Medically Assisted Procreation and Right to Decide on Use of Sperm and Ova........................................................ 177 2.4.9.2.2.Withdrawal of Consent................................... 179 2.4.9.3. Conditions for Giving Birth........................................... 180 2.4.9.4. Suicide and Euthanasia..................................................... 182 2.4.9.5. Termination of Life-Supporting Treatment.................... 185 2.4.9.6. Experimental Medication............................................... 187 2.4.9.7. Compulsory Vaccinations............................................... 187 2.4.10.Environmental Emissions.................................................................. 188 Chapters. Protection of Family Life.............................................................. 191 Scope of Protection of Family Life..............................................................191 3.1.1. Existing Families.............................................................................. 192 3.1.1.1. Legally Recognised Core Families.................................. 192 3.1.1.2. De Facto Family Life......................................................... 192 3.1.1.3. Same-Sex Couples............................................................. 193 3.1.1.4. Surrogacy and Adoption................................................. 193 3.1.1.5.
Adult Children...................................................................194 3.1.2. Planned Families.............................................................................. 195 3.1.3. Marriages of Convenience and Religious Marriages...................... 197 3.1.4. Children and Family Life................................................................ 198 3.1.4.1. Children Living with Parent(s)........................................ 198 3.1.4.2. Children and Fathers....................................................... 198 3.1.4.3. Adoption.......................................................................... 200 3.1.5. Biological Relationship or the Lack of It........................................ 200 3.1.5.1. No Biological Relationship............................................. 200 3.1.5.2. Existence of Biological Relationship............................... 202 3.1.6. Family Life and Other Relatives...................................................... 203 3.1.6.1. Siblings and Grandparents............................................... 203 3.1.6.2. Other Relatives................................................................ 204 3.1.7. Paternity, Abortion, Assisted Procreationand Surrogacy............ 205 3.1.8. End of Family Life............................................................................ 207 3.1.8.1. Majority and Adoption..................................................... 207 3.1.8.2. Divorce.............................................................................. 208 3.1.9. Material Interests and Family
Life.................................................. 208 3.2. Interference with Family Life....................................................................... 209 3.1. Intersentia xi
Contents 3.3. xii Justification of Interference with Family Life.............................................. 210 3.3.1. “In Accordance with the Law”........................................................ 210 3.3.2. Legitimate Aim................................................................................. 212 3.3.3. Necessary in a Democratic Society................................................ 213 3.3.3.1. Leading Family Life Principles...................................... 213 3.3.3.1.1. Best Interests of the Child...........................213 3.3.3.1.2. Mutual Enjoyment...................................... 214 3.3.3.2. Divorce.............................................................................. 215 3.3.3.3. TakingChildren intoPublic Care...................................... 216 Յ.Յ.Յ.Յ.1. Principles Governing Taking into Public Care............................................................... 217 3.3.3.3.1.1.Measure of Last Resort............. 218 3.3.3.3.1.2. Proper Factual Ground and Reasoning....................... 220 3.3.3.3.1.3. Reunification of the Family.................................... 222 3.3.3.3.1.4. Contact Rights.................... 223 3.3.3.3.2. ProceduralProtection in Cases of Public Care............................................................... 225 3.3.3.3.3. Enforcement of Contact Decisions.............. 227 3.3.3.4. Custody and Access Rights to a Child........................... 228 Յ.Յ.Յ.4.1. Transfer of Care to Grandparents................ 228 3.3.3.4.2. Access Rights................................................. 230
3.3.3.4.3. Procedural Safeguards................................. 232 3.3.3.4.3.1. Hearing of a Child and Expert Opinions................... 233 3.3.3.4.3.2. Due Diligence....................... 234 3.3.3.4.4. Execution of Custody and Access Right Decisions............................................ 235 3.3.3.5. Child Abductions.......................................................... 237 Յ.Յ.Յ.5.1. Best Interests of the Child and Urgency of Returns......................................................238 3.3.3.5.2. Grave Risk to the Child and Courts’ Duty to Investigate...................................... 240 3.3.3.5.3. Enforcement of Return Decisions.............. 243 3.3.3.6. Adoption........................................................................ 245 Յ.Յ.Յ.6.1. Confirmation of Adoption against the Consent of Biological Parent and Release for Adoption................................................ 246 3.3.3.6.2. Adoption and Discrimination...................... 251 Intersentia
Contents Single Parent Adoption.............................. 253 Annulment of Adoption............................ 255 International Adoption and Family’s Right to Choose the Place of Residence..................................................... 255 3.3.3.6.6. Procedural Guarantees..................................258 3.3.3.7. Expulsion and Right to Respect for Family Life..........259 3.3.3.7.1. Established Long-Term Family Life.......... 261 3.3.3.7.2. Administrative Detentionof Aliens............ 264 3.3.3.7.3. Family Reunion............................................. 266 Յ.Յ.Յ.7.Յ.1. Family Reunion with a Spouse Living Abroad266 3.3.3.7.3.2. Family Reunion with a Child Living Abroad........ 268 3.3.3.7.4. Deportation and Expulsion......................... 270 3.3.3.7.4.1. Expulsion of Aliens Convicted of Crimes..........271 3.3.3.7.4.2. Expulsion of Criminals who are Second-Generation Immigrants or Other Long-Term Integrated Aliens.................................... 275 3.3.3.7.5. Procedural Guarantees in Expulsion Cases............................................................. 278 3.3.3.7.6. Suspensive Effect of an Appeal.................... 280 3.3.3.8. Prisoners’ Family Life..................................................... 281 Յ.Յ.Յ.8.1. Restrictions on Family Visits........................ 282 3.3.3.8.2. Placement in Far-Away Prison.................... 284 3.3.3.8.3. Modalities of Family Visits.........................285 3.3.3.8.4. Right to Leave Prison for Family Reasons......................................................... 286 3.3.3.8.5. Searches
of Visitors...................................... 286 3.3.3.9. Testimonial Privilege......................................................287 States Positive Obligation............................................................................ 288 3.3.3.6.3. 3.3.3.6.4. 3.3.3.6.5. 3.4. Chapter 4. Protection of Home.............................................................................291 4.1. Scope of Protection of Home...................................................................... 291 4.1.1. Notion of Home.............................................................................. 292 4.1.2. Influence of Minorities’ Lifestyles..................................................294 Intersentia xiii
Contents 4.4. 4.1.3. Business Premises and Locations in Professional Use................295 4.1.4. No Right to Acquire a Home and Homelessness......................... 297 Interference with Protection of Home........................................................298 4.2.1. Concrete Interferences with Protection of Home.........................299 4.2.2. Emissions that Decrease Comfort of Living.................................. 301 4.2.3. Burden of Proof................................................................................ 302 Justification of Interference with Protection of Home.............................. 302 4.3.1. “In Accordance with the Law”......................................................... 302 4.3.2. Legitimate Aim.................................................................................. 303 4.3.3. Necessity in a Democratic Society................................................... 304 4.3.3.1. Evictions and Other Housing Issues...............................305 4.3.3.1.1. Property Owners.......................................... 305 4.3.3.1.2. Tenants..........................................................307 4.3.3.1.3. Tenants’ Partners and Unauthorised Occupancy.................................................... 308 4.3.3.1.4. Minorities and Vulnerable Persons........... 309 4.3.3.2. Search of Domicile and Other Home Visits................. 312 4.Յ.Յ.2.1. Adequacy and Proportionality of Search Warrants...................................... 313 4.3.3.2.2. Review of Warrants....................................... 316 4.3.3.2.3.
Commercial Premises..................................317 4.3.3.2.4. Law Firms..................................................... 317 4.3.3.2.5. Journalists’ Homes....................................... 320 4.3.3.2.6. Search of Financial Documents.................. 320 4.3.3.2.7. Search by Customs....................................... 321 4.3.3.2.8. Other Home Visits....................................... 322 4.3.3.3. Freedom of Movement and Freedom to Choose One’s Residence (Article 2 of Protocol No. 4)............... 322 4.3.3.4. Environmental Emissions.............................................. 324 4.3.3.4.1. Required Severity and Margin of Appreciation............................................ 325 4.3.3.4.2. Noise...............................................................326 4.3.3.4.3. Pollution......................................................... 328 4.3.3.4.4. Water.............................................................. 330 4.3.3.4.5. Duty to Inform People of Environmental Hazards..........................................................332 4.3.3.4.6. Procedural Aspects....................................... 333 4.3.3.5. Procedural Guarantees..................................................... 334 Positive Obligation of the State................................................................... 336 xiv Intersentia 4.2. 4.3.
Contents Chapter 5. Protection of Correspondence......................................................... 339 5.1. Scope of Protection of Correspondence...................................................... 339 5.1.1. Traditional Correspondence and Email........................................ 339 5.1.2. Telephone Tapping, Telesurveillance and Technical Monitoring...................................................................................... 341 5.2. Interference with the Right to Correspondence and VictimStatus......... 341 5.2.1. Traditional Correspondence............................................................ 341 5.2.2. Tele- and Secret Surveillance.......................................................... 343 5.2.3. Victim Status..................................................................................... 345 5.3. Justification of Interference with the Right to Correspondence............... 346 5.3.1. “In Accordance with the Law”........................................................ 346 5.3.1.1. Prisoners’ Correspondence............................................ 347 5.3.1.2. Correspondence in Closed Institutions, by Employers, at Law Offices and During Border Controls.348 5.3.1.3. Secret Surveillance Measures.......................................... 350 5.3.2. Legitimate Aim................................................................................. 354 5.3.3. Necessity in a Democratic Society.................................................. 354 5.3.3.1. Private Individuals and Companies.............................. 355 5.3.3.1.1.
Employees’ Correspondence........................ 355 5.3.3.1.2. Companies’ Correspondence...................... 357 5.3.3.2. Prisoners’ Correspondence and Other Communication.............................................358 5.Յ.Յ.2.1. Written Correspondence and Packages................................................ 359 5.3.3.2.2. Prisoners’ Correspondence with their Lawyers or Doctors.361 5.3.3.2.3. Correspondence with the Court................. 363 5.3.3.2.4. Telephone Conversations..............................366 5.3.3.2.5. Correspondence with Family and Other People.................... 368 5.3.3.3. Lawyer-Client Correspondence......................................369 5 .Յ.Յ.Յ.1.Search of Lawyer’s Office..............................371 5 .3.3.3.2. Covert Surveillance of Lawyers and Clients................................ 373 5.3.3.4. Secret Surveillance Measures........................................... 375 5.3.3.4.1. In Criminal Context..................................... 375 5.3.3.4.2. Other Secret Surveillance............................ 378 5.3.3.5. Search of Domicile........................................................... 383 5.4. States Positive Obligation............................................................................. 384 Bibliography............................................................................................................. 387 Index......................................................................................................................... 407 Intersentia XV
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CONTENTS Acknowledgements. v List of Cases. xvii Chapter 1. Introduction. 1 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. Four Protected Rights. 1 Negative and Positive Obligation. 2 Structure of a Case Analysis. 3 Dynamic Interpretation. 4 Relationship to Other Articles. 6 1.5.1. Articles 2 and 3.6 1.5.2. Article 6. 7 1.5.3. Article 9. 8 1.5.4. Article 10. 9 1.5.5. Article 13. 9 1.5.6. Article
14. 10 1.5.7. Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 . 11 1.5.8. Article 2 §1 of ProtocolNo. 4. 11 Chapter 2. Protection of Private Life. 13 2.1. Scope of Protection of Private Life and its Interference. 15 2.1.1. Risk of Interference Caused by Legislation. 15 2.1.2. Interferences Caused by Applicants Themselves. 16 2.1.3. Wide Scope of Protection and Variety of Interferences. 16 2.1.3.1. Physical and Psychological Integrity. 17 2.1.3.2. Involuntary Treatment. 19 2.1.3.3. Personal Honour, Reputation and the Right to be Forgotten . 20 2.1.3.4. Collection and Use of Personal Information. 21 2.1.3.5. Self-Determination. 25 2.1.3.6. Personal Identity and Origin. 28 2.1.3.7. Sexual Orientation. 30 2.1.3.8. Social Relationships to Other People.32 2.1.3.9. Beginning of Life. 35 2.1.3.10.
Environmental Risks. 36 Intersentia vii
Contents 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. viii 2.1.3.11. No Right to Enter or Reside in a Given Country. 38 2.1.3.12. No Right to Nationality. 38 Legality of the Interference. 39 2.2.1. Legal Basis and the Quality of Law. 39 2.2.2. Telephone Tapping. 40 2.2.3. Coercive Measures. 42 2.2.4. Measures Taken in Prisons. 45 2.2.5. Involuntary Treatment. 45 2.2.6. Data Protection. 46 Legitimate Aim. 47 Necessity in a Democratic Society. 48 2.4.1. Personal Integrity. 48 2.4.1.1. Physical Integrity and the Positive Obligation of the State. 49 2.4.1.1.1. Physical Integrity Protected by Several Articles. 50 2.4.1.1.2. Violence against Children and Child Welfare
Reports. 51 2.4.1.1.3. Domestic Violence. 55 2.4.1.1.4. Psychological Violence and Bullying.59 2.4.1.1.5. Violence Inflicted on Ethnic Groups or Sexual Minorities. 61 2.4.1.2. Medical Treatment and Health Care. 62 2.4.1.2.1. Involuntary Treatment. 62 2.4.1.2.2. Other Health-Related Issues. 64 2.4.1.2.3. Medical Negligence. 65 2.4.1.2.4. Access to Health Care. 66 2.4.2. Protection of Privacy. 67 2.4.2.1. Personal Honour and Reputation: Defamation Cases. 67 2.4.2.1.1. Loss of Reputation. 69 2.4.2.1.2. Public or Private Individuals. 72 2.4.2.1.3. Satire and Parody. 73 2.4.2.1.4. Social Media. 74 2.4.2.1.5. Procedural Aspects.75 2.4.2.2. Publishing of One’s Photos. 76 2.4.2.3. Right to be Forgotten. 78 2.4.2.4. Lawyer-Client Confidentiality. 80 2.4.2.5. Other
Situations.80 2.4.3. Data Collection and Different Registers. 82 2.4.3.1. Scope of Data Protection. 82 2.4.3.2. General Data Protection Issues. 85 Intersentia
Contents Secret Registers and Security Clearings.88 Confidential Information and its Handing Over.89 2.4.Յ.4.1. Medical and Child Welfare Data. 90 2.4.3.4.2. Data Protected by Bank and Professional Secrecy. 92 2.4.3.4.3. Procedural Aspects. 93 2.4.3.5. Access to Data Held by Authorities. 93 2.4.3.5.1. Access to Data on Oneself.93 2.4.3.5.2. Journalists’ Access to Data.95 2.4.3.6. Correctness of the Registry Entries. 96 2.4. Յ.6.1. Registry Entries on Marital Status or Nationality. 96 2.4. 3.6.2. Registration of Changed Sex. 97 2.4.4. Surveillance and Control Measures. 100 2.4.4.1. Camera Surveillance, Telephone Tapping and Other Covert Recordings. 100 2.4.4.2. Taking of Bodily Samples. 103 2.4.4.3. Employer’s Right to Control Employees’ Communication at the Workplace. 105 2.4.4.4. Doping Controls of Sportsmen.108 2.4.4.5. Other Types of Security Controls.108 2.4.5. Self-Determination. 110 2.4.5.1. Incapacity to Make Personal Decisions and Restrictions on Legal Capacity. Ill
2.4.5.2. Rights of Disabled People. 113 2.4.5.3. Relatives’ Right to Bury a Close Family Member and to Decide on the Burial Plot and Exhumation. 114 2.4.5.4. State’s Liability for Medical Expenses. 116 2.4.5.5. Sufficiency of Social Security and a Persons Dignity. 117 2.4.6. Personal Identity and Origin. 119 2.4.6.1. Biological Origin. 120 2.4.6.1.1. Paternity Actions Brought by Children against Putative Fathers. 120 2.4.6.1.2. Paternity Actions Brought by Fathers . 122 2.4.6.1.2.1. Quashing of the Paternity. .122 2.4.6.1.2.2. Confirmation of Paternity when a Child Already has a Father. 124 2.4.6.1.3. Time-Limits of Paternity Actions. 128 2.4.6.1.4. Actions Relating to Maternity. 132 2.4.6.1.5. Surrogacy Arrangements. 132 2.4.3.3. 2.4.3.4. Intersentia ІХ
Contents 2.4.7. 2.4.8. 2.4.9. x 2.4.6.2. Name.136 2.4.6.2.1. Surname. 137 2.4.6.2.2. Forename.138 2.4.6.3. Elements of Personal Identity and Physical Appearance. 139 2.4.6.4. Sexual Identity. 141 2.4.6.5. Ethnicity and Nationality. 142 2.4.6.6. Withdrawal or Deprivationof Nationality or Residence Permit. 145 Intimate Life and Sexual Orientation. 148 2.4.7.1. Criminalisation of Homosexual Relations. 148 2.4.7.2. Sexual Life. 149 2.4.7.2.1. Causing of Serious Injuries. 149 2.4.7.2.2. Acts with No Physical Harm and Disclosure of Such Acts. 151 2.4.7.3. Sexual Orientation and Job Requirements. 151 2.4.7.4. Discrimination and Sexual Orientation. 154 2.4.7.4.1. Discrimination because of Sexual Orientation. 154 2.4.7.4.2. Discrimination in Adoption Situations. 155 2.4.7.4.3. Discrimination in Matters Concerning Social Benefits and Residence
Permits. 156 2.4.7.4.4. Discrimination in Marital Status. 158 Social Relationships to Other People. 161 2.4.8.1. Person’s Profession and Employment. 161 2.4.8.1.1. Dismissal of Judges. 162 2.4.8.1.2. Admission to the Bar.163 2.4.8.1.3. Ecclesiastical Jobs. 164 2.4.8.1.4. Other Professional Situations. 165 2.4.8.2. Expulsions. 167 Start and End of Life. 168 2.4.9.1. Abortion. 168 2.4.9.1.1. Prohibition of Abortion and Social Grounds. 170 2.4.9.1.2. Prohibition of Abortion and Danger of Life. 171 2.4.9.1.2.1. Danger to Mother. 171 2.4.9.1.2.2. Dangerto Unborn Child . 173 2.4.9.1.3. Involuntary Abortion. 174 2.4.9.1.4. Information on Contraception and Abortion.175 Intersentia
Contents 2.4.9.1.5. Right to Challenge Decisions Relating to Abortion. 176 2.4.9.2. Assisted Reproduction. 176 2.4.9.2.1. Right to Medically Assisted Procreation and Right to Decide on Use of Sperm and Ova. 177 2.4.9.2.2.Withdrawal of Consent. 179 2.4.9.3. Conditions for Giving Birth. 180 2.4.9.4. Suicide and Euthanasia. 182 2.4.9.5. Termination of Life-Supporting Treatment. 185 2.4.9.6. Experimental Medication. 187 2.4.9.7. Compulsory Vaccinations. 187 2.4.10.Environmental Emissions. 188 Chapters. Protection of Family Life. 191 Scope of Protection of Family Life.191 3.1.1. Existing Families. 192 3.1.1.1. Legally Recognised Core Families. 192 3.1.1.2. De Facto Family Life. 192 3.1.1.3. Same-Sex Couples. 193 3.1.1.4. Surrogacy and Adoption. 193 3.1.1.5.
Adult Children.194 3.1.2. Planned Families. 195 3.1.3. Marriages of Convenience and Religious Marriages. 197 3.1.4. Children and Family Life. 198 3.1.4.1. Children Living with Parent(s). 198 3.1.4.2. Children and Fathers. 198 3.1.4.3. Adoption. 200 3.1.5. Biological Relationship or the Lack of It. 200 3.1.5.1. No Biological Relationship. 200 3.1.5.2. Existence of Biological Relationship. 202 3.1.6. Family Life and Other Relatives. 203 3.1.6.1. Siblings and Grandparents. 203 3.1.6.2. Other Relatives. 204 3.1.7. Paternity, Abortion, Assisted Procreationand Surrogacy. 205 3.1.8. End of Family Life. 207 3.1.8.1. Majority and Adoption. 207 3.1.8.2. Divorce. 208 3.1.9. Material Interests and Family
Life. 208 3.2. Interference with Family Life. 209 3.1. Intersentia xi
Contents 3.3. xii Justification of Interference with Family Life. 210 3.3.1. “In Accordance with the Law”. 210 3.3.2. Legitimate Aim. 212 3.3.3. Necessary in a Democratic Society. 213 3.3.3.1. Leading Family Life Principles. 213 3.3.3.1.1. Best Interests of the Child.213 3.3.3.1.2. Mutual Enjoyment. 214 3.3.3.2. Divorce. 215 3.3.3.3. TakingChildren intoPublic Care. 216 Յ.Յ.Յ.Յ.1. Principles Governing Taking into Public Care. 217 3.3.3.3.1.1.Measure of Last Resort. 218 3.3.3.3.1.2. Proper Factual Ground and Reasoning. 220 3.3.3.3.1.3. Reunification of the Family. 222 3.3.3.3.1.4. Contact Rights. 223 3.3.3.3.2. ProceduralProtection in Cases of Public Care. 225 3.3.3.3.3. Enforcement of Contact Decisions. 227 3.3.3.4. Custody and Access Rights to a Child. 228 Յ.Յ.Յ.4.1. Transfer of Care to Grandparents. 228 3.3.3.4.2. Access Rights. 230
3.3.3.4.3. Procedural Safeguards. 232 3.3.3.4.3.1. Hearing of a Child and Expert Opinions. 233 3.3.3.4.3.2. Due Diligence. 234 3.3.3.4.4. Execution of Custody and Access Right Decisions. 235 3.3.3.5. Child Abductions. 237 Յ.Յ.Յ.5.1. Best Interests of the Child and Urgency of Returns.238 3.3.3.5.2. Grave Risk to the Child and Courts’ Duty to Investigate. 240 3.3.3.5.3. Enforcement of Return Decisions. 243 3.3.3.6. Adoption. 245 Յ.Յ.Յ.6.1. Confirmation of Adoption against the Consent of Biological Parent and Release for Adoption. 246 3.3.3.6.2. Adoption and Discrimination. 251 Intersentia
Contents Single Parent Adoption. 253 Annulment of Adoption. 255 International Adoption and Family’s Right to Choose the Place of Residence. 255 3.3.3.6.6. Procedural Guarantees.258 3.3.3.7. Expulsion and Right to Respect for Family Life.259 3.3.3.7.1. Established Long-Term Family Life. 261 3.3.3.7.2. Administrative Detentionof Aliens. 264 3.3.3.7.3. Family Reunion. 266 Յ.Յ.Յ.7.Յ.1. Family Reunion with a Spouse Living Abroad266 3.3.3.7.3.2. Family Reunion with a Child Living Abroad. 268 3.3.3.7.4. Deportation and Expulsion. 270 3.3.3.7.4.1. Expulsion of Aliens Convicted of Crimes.271 3.3.3.7.4.2. Expulsion of Criminals who are Second-Generation Immigrants or Other Long-Term Integrated Aliens. 275 3.3.3.7.5. Procedural Guarantees in Expulsion Cases. 278 3.3.3.7.6. Suspensive Effect of an Appeal. 280 3.3.3.8. Prisoners’ Family Life. 281 Յ.Յ.Յ.8.1. Restrictions on Family Visits. 282 3.3.3.8.2. Placement in Far-Away Prison. 284 3.3.3.8.3. Modalities of Family Visits.285 3.3.3.8.4. Right to Leave Prison for Family Reasons. 286 3.3.3.8.5. Searches
of Visitors. 286 3.3.3.9. Testimonial Privilege.287 States Positive Obligation. 288 3.3.3.6.3. 3.3.3.6.4. 3.3.3.6.5. 3.4. Chapter 4. Protection of Home.291 4.1. Scope of Protection of Home. 291 4.1.1. Notion of Home. 292 4.1.2. Influence of Minorities’ Lifestyles.294 Intersentia xiii
Contents 4.4. 4.1.3. Business Premises and Locations in Professional Use.295 4.1.4. No Right to Acquire a Home and Homelessness. 297 Interference with Protection of Home.298 4.2.1. Concrete Interferences with Protection of Home.299 4.2.2. Emissions that Decrease Comfort of Living. 301 4.2.3. Burden of Proof. 302 Justification of Interference with Protection of Home. 302 4.3.1. “In Accordance with the Law”. 302 4.3.2. Legitimate Aim. 303 4.3.3. Necessity in a Democratic Society. 304 4.3.3.1. Evictions and Other Housing Issues.305 4.3.3.1.1. Property Owners. 305 4.3.3.1.2. Tenants.307 4.3.3.1.3. Tenants’ Partners and Unauthorised Occupancy. 308 4.3.3.1.4. Minorities and Vulnerable Persons. 309 4.3.3.2. Search of Domicile and Other Home Visits. 312 4.Յ.Յ.2.1. Adequacy and Proportionality of Search Warrants. 313 4.3.3.2.2. Review of Warrants. 316 4.3.3.2.3.
Commercial Premises.317 4.3.3.2.4. Law Firms. 317 4.3.3.2.5. Journalists’ Homes. 320 4.3.3.2.6. Search of Financial Documents. 320 4.3.3.2.7. Search by Customs. 321 4.3.3.2.8. Other Home Visits. 322 4.3.3.3. Freedom of Movement and Freedom to Choose One’s Residence (Article 2 of Protocol No. 4). 322 4.3.3.4. Environmental Emissions. 324 4.3.3.4.1. Required Severity and Margin of Appreciation. 325 4.3.3.4.2. Noise.326 4.3.3.4.3. Pollution. 328 4.3.3.4.4. Water. 330 4.3.3.4.5. Duty to Inform People of Environmental Hazards.332 4.3.3.4.6. Procedural Aspects. 333 4.3.3.5. Procedural Guarantees. 334 Positive Obligation of the State. 336 xiv Intersentia 4.2. 4.3.
Contents Chapter 5. Protection of Correspondence. 339 5.1. Scope of Protection of Correspondence. 339 5.1.1. Traditional Correspondence and Email. 339 5.1.2. Telephone Tapping, Telesurveillance and Technical Monitoring. 341 5.2. Interference with the Right to Correspondence and VictimStatus. 341 5.2.1. Traditional Correspondence. 341 5.2.2. Tele- and Secret Surveillance. 343 5.2.3. Victim Status. 345 5.3. Justification of Interference with the Right to Correspondence. 346 5.3.1. “In Accordance with the Law”. 346 5.3.1.1. Prisoners’ Correspondence. 347 5.3.1.2. Correspondence in Closed Institutions, by Employers, at Law Offices and During Border Controls.348 5.3.1.3. Secret Surveillance Measures. 350 5.3.2. Legitimate Aim. 354 5.3.3. Necessity in a Democratic Society. 354 5.3.3.1. Private Individuals and Companies. 355 5.3.3.1.1.
Employees’ Correspondence. 355 5.3.3.1.2. Companies’ Correspondence. 357 5.3.3.2. Prisoners’ Correspondence and Other Communication.358 5.Յ.Յ.2.1. Written Correspondence and Packages. 359 5.3.3.2.2. Prisoners’ Correspondence with their Lawyers or Doctors.361 5.3.3.2.3. Correspondence with the Court. 363 5.3.3.2.4. Telephone Conversations.366 5.3.3.2.5. Correspondence with Family and Other People. 368 5.3.3.3. Lawyer-Client Correspondence.369 5 .Յ.Յ.Յ.1.Search of Lawyer’s Office.371 5 .3.3.3.2. Covert Surveillance of Lawyers and Clients. 373 5.3.3.4. Secret Surveillance Measures. 375 5.3.3.4.1. In Criminal Context. 375 5.3.3.4.2. Other Secret Surveillance. 378 5.3.3.5. Search of Domicile. 383 5.4. States Positive Obligation. 384 Bibliography. 387 Index. 407 Intersentia XV |
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| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:49:13Z |
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| spelling | Hirvelä, Päivi 1954- Verfasser (DE-588)1247758680 aut Right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence a practical guide to the Article 8 case-law of the European Court of Human Rights Päivi Hirvelä, Satu Heikkilä Cambridge ; Antwerp ; Chicago Intersentia [2022] xlii, 417 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention 1950 November 4 (DE-588)4015727-1 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention 1950 November 4 (DE-588)4015727-1 u DE-604 Heikkilä, Satu ca. 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)124775930X aut Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034159247&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hirvelä, Päivi 1954- Heikkilä, Satu ca. 20./21. Jh Right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence a practical guide to the Article 8 case-law of the European Court of Human Rights Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention 1950 November 4 (DE-588)4015727-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4015727-1 |
| title | Right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence a practical guide to the Article 8 case-law of the European Court of Human Rights |
| title_auth | Right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence a practical guide to the Article 8 case-law of the European Court of Human Rights |
| title_exact_search | Right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence a practical guide to the Article 8 case-law of the European Court of Human Rights |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence a practical guide to the Article 8 case-law of the European Court of Human Rights |
| title_full | Right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence a practical guide to the Article 8 case-law of the European Court of Human Rights Päivi Hirvelä, Satu Heikkilä |
| title_fullStr | Right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence a practical guide to the Article 8 case-law of the European Court of Human Rights Päivi Hirvelä, Satu Heikkilä |
| title_full_unstemmed | Right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence a practical guide to the Article 8 case-law of the European Court of Human Rights Päivi Hirvelä, Satu Heikkilä |
| title_short | Right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence |
| title_sort | right to respect for private and family life home and correspondence a practical guide to the article 8 case law of the european court of human rights |
| title_sub | a practical guide to the Article 8 case-law of the European Court of Human Rights |
| topic | Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention 1950 November 4 (DE-588)4015727-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention 1950 November 4 |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034159247&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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