Verfügbarkeit: Corrective osteotomies for rigid spinal deformities

Corrective osteotomies for rigid spinal deformities:

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Kaplan, Leon (VerfasserIn, HerausgeberIn), Lenke, Lawrence G. 1960- (VerfasserIn, HerausgeberIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Stuttgart Thieme [2023]
Schlagworte:	Osteotomie Wirbelsäulendeformität Operationstechnik
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	xxv, 290 Seiten 543 Illustrationen, Diagramme 28 cm x 21 cm, 1271 g
ISBN:	9783131730817 3131730811

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245	1	0	\|a Corrective osteotomies for rigid spinal deformities \|c Leon Kaplan, MD, Lawrence G. Lenke, MD
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300			\|a xxv, 290 Seiten \|b 543 Illustrationen, Diagramme \|c 28 cm x 21 cm, 1271 g
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	CONTENTS FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................................................................... XVII PREFACE ........................................................................................................................................................................ XVIII INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................ XIX ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................................................................................... XX CONTRIBUTORS ................................................................................................................................................................ XXI 1. CONGENITAL SPINAL DEFORMITIES .................... IBRAHIM OBEID, LOUIS BOISSIERE, DEREK T. CAWLEY 1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................... 1 1.2 DECIDING ON SURGERY ...................................... 1 1.3 PROGNOSIS ......................................................... 3 1.4 CONGENITAL KYPHOSIS AND KYPHOSCOLIOSIS. .. 4 ........................................................................................ 1 1.6 .1 OBSERVATION ....................................................... 6 1.6 .2 EPIPHYSIODESIS.................................................... 6 1.6 .3 HEMIVERTEBRA RESECTION ..................................... 6 1.6 .4 PEDICLE SUBTRACTION OSTEOTOMY ......................... 8 1.6 .5 VERTEBRAL COLUMN RESECTION .............................. 9 1.6. 6 VERTEBRAL COLUMN DECANCELLATION .................... 11 1.7 CONCLUSION ...................................................... 11 1.5 FURTHER PERIOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS ......... 4 1.6 TREATMENT OPTIONS AND PRINCIPLES .............. 6 2. NEUROMUSCULAR SPINAL DEFORMITIES ......................................................................................................... 13 ATHANASIOS I. TSIRIKOS 2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................. 13 2.2 CLINICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH SPINAL DEFORMITY ...................................................... 13 2.3 ETIOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY OF SPINAL DEFORMITY ...................................................... 13 2.4 PATTERNS OF SPINAL DEFORMITY ....................... 14 2.5 SPECIFIC TYPES OF SPINAL DEFORMITY ............. 15 2.5.1 SPINA BIFIDA (MYELOMENINGOCELE) .................... 15 2.5.2 NEUROFIBROMATOSIS ........................................... 15 2.6 TREATMENT PRINCIPLES .................................... 16 2.6.1 NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT ................................. 16 2.6.2 SURGICAL TREATMENT ........................................... 16 2.7 MEDICAL CONSIDERATIONS - PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT ................................................... 17 2.8 COMPLICATIONS DURING AND AFTER SCOLIOSIS SURGERY .......................................................... 17 2.9 DEFORMITY CORRECTION TECHNIQUES .............. 18 2.9.1 FIRST- AND SECOND-GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION TECHNIQUES ...................................................... 18 2.9.2 THIRD-GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION ................. 18 2.10 ADDITIONAL SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS .......... 19 2.10.1 INTRAOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT ........................... 19 2.10.2 LEVELS OF FUSION ............................................... 19 2.10.3 ANTERIOR CORRECTION ......................................... 19 2.10.4 POSTERIOR VERTEBRAL COLUMN RESECTION ............ 20 2.10.5 GROWTH PRESERVATION/MODULATION TECHNIQUES . 20 2.11 QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSMENT/LIFE EXPECTANCY AFTER SCOLIOSIS SURGERY ................... 20 2.12 CONCLUSION ..................................................... 21 CONTENTS 3. 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.3 3.3.1 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3.1 4.4 4.5 5. 5.1 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 IDIOPATHIC SPINAL DEFORMITIES TREATED WITH SPINAL OSTEOTOMIES ................................................... 22 PAUL J. PARK, EDUARDO C. BEAUCHAMP, MEGHAN CERPA, LAWRENCE C. LENKE INTRODUCTION .................................................. 22 POSTERIOR COLUMN OSTEOTOMY ..................... 22 INDICATIONS IN IDIOPATHIC DEFORMITY ............... 22 TECHNIQUE ........................................................ 23 CASE ILLUSTRATION .............................................. 23 PEDICLE SUBTRACTION OSTEOTOMY ................. 23 INDICATIONS IN IDIOPATHIC DEFORMITY ............... 25 33 33 34 34 34 34 THE NATURAL HISTORY OF RIGID SPINAL DEFORMITIES JEAN DUBOUSSET DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT ..................... NATURAL HISTORY, PHYSIOPATHOLOGY .............. NATURAL HISTORY, ASSESSMENT OF FLEXIBILITY/RIGIDITY ....................................... REDUCTION OF THE DEFORMITY WILL BE CHECKED: LOCALLY AND GLOBALLY ......................................... NATURAL HISTORY ACCORDING TO THE GROWING SPINE AND ETIOLOGIES ..................... NATURAL HISTORY ACCORDING TO THE MATURE SPINE AND ETIOLOGIES ...................... 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.7.1 4.8 4.8.1 4.8.2 SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL DEFORMITIES OF THE UPPER THORACIC SPINE AND VERTEBRAL MALFORMATIONS .......................................................................................................... 39 SERGEI VISSARIONOV INTRODUCTION .................................................. 39 5.2 OUTCOMES OF SURGICAL MANAGEMENT .......... 43 OSTEOTOMIES IN CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF 10 YEARS ............................................................................ 49 JOSH SCHROEDER, LEON KAPLAN BACKGROUND ................................................... 49 6.4 OVERALL MANAGEMENT OF THE RIGID SPINE DEFORMITY ....................................................... 49 HALO TRACTION .................................................. 50 HALO PLACEMENT TECHNIQUE ............................. 50 COMPLICATIONS WITH HALO FRAMES ..................... 50 3.3.2 TECHNIQUE .......................................................... 25 3.3.3 CASE ILLUSTRATION ................................................ 26 3.4 PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS AND POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS ..................... 26 3.4.1 PCO VERSUS PSO ................................................. 26 3.4.2 COMPLICATIONS ................................................... 27 3.5 CONCLUSIONS ..................................................... 28 ........................................................................... 33 NATURAL HISTORY ACCORDING TO THE AGING SPINE AND ETIOLOGIES .......................... 35 SUBSEQUENT INDICATIONS FOR SURGICAL TREATMENT ....................................................... 35 TREATMENT AND ELECTION OF SURGICAL APPROACHES 35 CHOICE OF SURGICAL TECHNIQUES AND APPROACHES ................................................... 36 FOR LOCALIZED RIGID PATHOLOGY .......................... 36 FOR LESIONS EXTENDING TO MULTIPLE LEVELS (SCOLIOTIC, KYPHOSCOLIOTIC, OR LORDOSCOLIOTIC CURVE) ............................................................. 36 CONCLUSION ..................................................... 38 OSTEOTOMIES FOR CORRECTION OF RIGID SPINAL DEFORMITIES ....................................... 50 PARTIAL FACET JOINT RESECTION ........................... 50 COMPLETE FACET JOINT RESECTION (POSTERIOR ELEMENTECTOMY) .............................................. 50 THREE-COLUMN OSTEOTOMIES............................. 51 OUTCOME AND COMPLICATIONS ...................... 56 CONTENTS 7. SURGICAL TREATMENT OF RIGID SPINAL DEFORMITIES IN PATIENTS WITH THORACIC INSUFFICIENCY SYNDROME ............................................................................................................................................ 58 LEON KAPLAN, JOSH SCHROEDER 7.1 THORACIC INSUFFICIENCY SYNDROME ................. 58 7.2 CARE .................................................................. 58 7.3.1 CASTING.............................................................. 59 7.3.2 SURGERY ............................................................. 59 7.4 CONCLUSION ...................................................... 60 7.3 TREATMENT OPTIONS ....................................... 59 8. VERTEBRAL COLUMN RESECTION AS A TREATMENT FOR NEUROLOGIC DEFICIT IN SEVERE SPINAL DEFORMITY ........................................................................................................................................... 63 EDUARDO C. BEAUCHAMP, PAUL J. PARK, MEGHAN CERPA, LAWRENCE C. LENKE 8.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................. 63 8.2 PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION ............................... 63 8.2.1 HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION ................... 63 8.2.2 IMAGING ............................................................ 64 8.3 HALO-GRAVITY TRACTION ................................... 64 8.4 SURGICAL TECHNIQUE ........................................ 65 8.5 SPINAL CORD MONITORING ............................... 67 8.6 VERTEBRAL COLUMN RESECTION FOR PROGRESSIVE MYELOPATHY ............................. 68 8.7 CASE ILLUSTRATION ............................................. 69 8.8 CONCLUSION ..................................................... 70 9. OSTEOTOMIES IN SYNDROMIC PATIENTS ....................................................................................................... 75 DINO COLO, RENE M. CASTELEIN 9.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................... 75 9.2 DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION,AND INDICATION.. 75 9.3 RIGID DEFORMITIES IN SYNDROMIC PATIENTS.. 75 9.4 CHOICE OF OSTEOTOMY: TYPE AND GOAL .......... 78 9.5 PREOPERATIVE WORKUP ................................... 78 9.5.1 PATIENT HISTORY AND PHYSICAL FINDINGS ............... 78 9.5.2 IMAGING STUDIES ............................................... 79 9.6 SURGICAL ASPECTS AND TECHNIQUE .................. 80 9.6.1 POSITIONING AND PERIOPERATIVE MEASURES .......... 80 9.7 SURGICAL TECHNIQUE ........................................ 80 9.7.1 SMITH-PETERSEN OSTEOTOMY AND PONTE OSTEOTOMY ...................................................... 80 9.7.2 PEDICLE SUBTRACTION OSTEOTOMY ........................ 81 9.7.3 BONE-DISK-BONE OSTEOTOMY ............................. 81 9.7.4 VERTEBRAL COLUMN RESECTION ............................ 81 9.8 POSTOPERATIVE CARE ........................................ 82 9.9 COMPLICATIONS ................................................. 82 9.10 OUTCOME ......................................................... 83 9.11 CONCLUSION ...................................................... 83 10. RIGID SPINE DEFORMITIES IN EARLY-ONSET SCOLIOSIS POORIA HOSSEINI, BEHROOZ A. AKBARNIA 84 10.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................. 84 10.2 CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION ........ 84 10.2.1 HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION .................. 84 10.2.2 PLAIN RADIOGRAPHS ............................................ 85 10.2.3 EOS IMAGING SYSTEM/THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING TECHNIQUES ..................................... 85 10.2.4 CT SCAN .......................................................... 85 10.2.5 MRI ................................................................. 85 10.3 TREATMENT OF RIGID SPINE DEFORMITIES IN EOS .................................................................. 85 CONTENTS 10.3.1 NONOPERATIVE TREATMENTS ................................ 85 10.3.2 OPERATIVE TREATMENTS ...................................... 86 10.4 EXTRA PROCEDURES CONSIDERED IN THE TREATMENT OF RIGID CURVES .......................... 90 10.4.2 SURGICAL RELEASE OF SOFT TISSUES ......................... 91 10.4.3 TEMPORARY INTERNAL DISTRACTION ROD ................. 91 10.4.4 OSTEOTOMIES ...................................................... 91 10.5 DISCUSSION ...................................................... 91 10.4.1 TRACTION ............................................................ 90 11. SECONDARY CORRECTION OF RIGID SPINAL DEFORMITY AFTER FAILED INSTRUMENTATION ........................ 93 MERIC ENERCAN, AZMI HAMZAOGLU 11.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................. 11.2 PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION ............................... 11.2.1 HISTORY .............................................................. 11.2.2 PHYSICAL EXAMINATION ...................................... 11.2.3 IMAGING STUDIES .............................................. 11.3 SURGICAL TECHNIQUE ....................................... 11.3.1 CORRECTION OF SCOLIOSIS DEFORMITY ................... 11.3.2 CORRECTION OF KYPHOSCOLIOSIS DEFORMITY ......... 93 93 93 93 94 94 95 95 11.3.3 11.3.4 11.3.5 11.3.6 11.4 11.5 CORRECTION OF KYPHOSIS DEFORMITY ................... 96 CORRECTION OF LORDOSIS/LORDOSCOLIOSIS DEFORMITY ........................................................ 97 CORRECTION OF SEVERE RIGID PELVIC OBLIQUITY IN NEGLECTED CONGENITAL SCOLIOSIS ........................ 98 RECONSTRUCTION LAMINECTOMY DEFECT FOLLOWING POSTERIOR VERTEBRAL COLUMN RESECTION ............ 98 COMPLICATIONS ................................................ 99 CONCLUSION ................................................... 100 12. KYPHECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH MYELOMENINGOCELE ........................................................................... 102 JOSH SCHROEDER, LEON KAPLAN 12.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................ 102 12.3 SURGICAL TECHNIQUE ...................................... 103 12.2 KYPHECTOMY ................................................ 102 12.4 OUTCOME ....................................................... 105 13. PITFALLS AND DIFFICULTIES IN THE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS ............................................................... MARIO DI SILVESTRE 13.1 DEFINITION OF SEVERE IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS . 108 13.1.1 PREOPERATIVE STUDY .......................................... 108 13.1.2 PREOPERATIVE HALO TRACTION .............................. 109 13.2 SURGICAL TREATMENT ...................................... 110 13.2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................... 110 13.3 POSTERIOR-ONLY PROCEDURES ......................... 110 13.3.1 PEDICLE SCREWS................................................. ILL 13.3.2 POSTERIOR STAGED TECHNIQUE ............................ ILL .................................................................................... 108 13.4 PREFERRED OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE ................ ILL 13.4.1 MAGNETICALLY CONTROLLED GROWING ROD ........... 113 13.4.2 INTRAOPERATIVE MONITORING OF SPINAL CORD FUNCTION ........................................................ 114 13.4.3 FIRST POSTERIOR SURGERY ................................... 114 13.4.4 SECOND STAGE OF POSTERIOR SURGERY .................. 116 13.5 CONCLUSION .................................................... 117 14. POSTTRAUMATIC SPINE DEFORMITY ............................................................................................................. 120 DAVID B. BUMPASS, LAWRENCE C. LENKE 14.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................. 120 14.2 EPIDEMIOLOGY ................................................ 120 14.3 EVALUATION OF POSTTRAUMATIC DEFORMITY .. 121 14.3.1 NORMAL THORACOLUMBAR ALIGNMENT ................ 121 14.3.2 CLASSIFICATION .................................................. 121 14.3.3 BIOMECHANICS AND PATHOLOGY ......................... 121 14.3.4 PRESENTATION AND PHYSICAL EXAM ..................... 122 14.3.5 RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION ................................. 122 CONTENTS 14.4 14.5 14.5.1 14.5.2 15. 15.1 15.2 15.3 16. 16.1 16.2 17. 17.1 17.2 17.2.1 17.2.2 17.2.3 17.2.4 18. 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.5.1 NONOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT ...................... 123 OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT ............................. 123 SURGICAL INDICATIONS AND PLANNING ................. 123 ANTERIOR SURGICAL APPROACHES ........................ 126 OSTEOPOROTIC RIGID SPINAL DEFORMITIES ............................................................................................... 130 MARCO BRAYDA-BRUNO, ANDREA LUCA, GABRIELE RISTORI, LISA BABBI, ALESSIO LOVI INTRODUCTION ................................................ 130 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY OF OSTEOPOROTIC DEFORMITIES ................................................. 130 OUR PHILOSOPHY OF TREATMENT IN OSTEOPOROTIC VCFS AND RELATED KYPHOTIC DEFORMITIES. . 130 SPINAL DEFORMITIES IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON S DISEASE ............................................................. 135 STEPHANE WOLFF, PETER UPEX, GUILLAUME RIOUALLON INTRODUCTION ................................................ 135 16.3 SURGICAL TECHNIQUE ..................................... 136 SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................. 135 16.4 CONCLUSION ................................................... 136 SURGICAL PLANNING FOR EN BLOC RESECTION OF SPINAL TUMORS: TAILORING THE OSTEOTOMY TO TUMOR EXTENSIONS ................................................................................................................................. 138 STEFANO BORIANI, ALESSANDRO GASBARRINI, RICCARDO GHERMANDI, SHIFRA FRAIFELD, JOSE E. COHEN, EYAL ITSHAYEK INTRODUCTION ................................................ 138 PLANNING EN BLOC RESECTION ...................... 139 STEPS FOR SURGICAL PLANNING ........................... 139 ESSENTIAL SURGICAL CRITERIA ............................... 140 SURGICAL TIPS AND TECHNIQUES ........................ 140 SURGICAL APPROACH ......................................... 140 CORRECTIVE OSTEOTOMIES IN THE CERVICAL SPINE ................................................................................. 151 VENU M. NEMANI, PETER B. DERMAN, HAN JO KIM INTRODUCTION ................................................ 151 CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND NATURAL HISTORY .. 151 PHYSICAL EXAM .............................................. 151 RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION ........................... 152 ASSESSMENT AND PREOPERATIVE PLANNING. . 154 LOCATION OF THE DEFORMITY ............................. 154 14.5.3 COMBINED ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR SURGICAL APPROACHES ................................................... 126 14.5.4 POSTERIOR SURGICAL APPROACHES ....................... 126 14.5.5 TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................... 127 14.5.6 COMPLICATIONS ................................................ 128 15.4 HOW TO IMPROVE PEDICLE SCREW STABILITY . 131 15.5 OSTEOPOROTIC SPINE DEFORMITY CORRECTION ................................................... 132 15.6 COMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS ............... 132 17.2.5 OSTEOTOMY OF THE SPINE TO FINALIZE THE EN BLOC RESECTION ...................................................... 147 17.3 CASE REPORT ................................................. 147 17.4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS ...................... 148 17.4.1 CONFLICTS OF INTEREST ...................................... 149 17.4.2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................ 149 18.5.2 PREVIOUS SURGERY .......................................... 155 18.5.3 CURVE RIGIDITY AND DEGREE OF DEFORMITY ...... 155 18.5.4 NEUROLOGIC STATUS .......................................... 155 18.6 OSTEOTOMY TYPES ....................................... 155 18.6.1 ANTERIOR OSTEOTOMIES ................................... 155 18.6.2 POSTERIOR OSTEOTOMIES ................................... 156 18.6.3 COMBINED OSTEOTOMIES................................. 157 18.7 CONCLUSION .................................................. 157 CONTENTS 19. 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.3.1 19.3.2 20. 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 21. 21.1 21.2 22. 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.3.1 22.3.2 23. 23.1 23.2 23.2.1 JUNCTIONAL CORRECTIVE OSTEOTOMIES (CERVICOTHORACIC, THORACOLUMBAR, LUMBOSACRAL) ......... CLAUDIO LAMARTINA, RICCARDO CECCHINATO 159 INTRODUCTION ................................................ 159 PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION ............................. 159 CERVICOTHORACIC KYPHOTIC DEFORMITY AND CORRECTIVE OSTEOTOMIES ............................. 160 PATIENT PREPARATION ....................................... 160 TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................... 160 CORRECTIVE STRATEGIES AND MANAGEMENT OF RIGID SACROPELVIC PATHOLOGIES ............................. YECHIEL N. CEILMAN, JOSH SCHROEDER, MEIR LIEBERGALL 170 INTRODUCTION ................................................ 170 PRESENTING SYMPTOMS ............................... 170 RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION ........................... 171 MANAGEMENT ................................................ 171 ANKYLOSING SPINAL DISORDERS .................................................................................................................. ROONGRATH CHITRAGRAN, RUNE HEDLUND 176 INTRODUCTION ................................................ 176 ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS WITH FRACTURE .... 176 OSTEOTOMIES IN REVISION SURGERY .......................................................................................................... AHMET ALANAY, CAGLAR YILGOR 184 INTRODUCTION ................................................ 184 GENERAL INDICATIONS .................................... 184 OSTEOTOMIES ................................................ 185 GRADE 1 OSTEOTOMIES ...................................... 185 GRADE 2 OSTEOTOMIES ...................................... 185 CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF RIGID SPINE DEFORMITY ................................................................. JOSH SCHROEDER, JANINA KUEPER, LEON KAPLAN 189 INTRODUCTION ................................................ 189 DEFINITION ..................................................... 189 PEDIATRIC RIGID SPINAL DEFORMITY ................... 189 19.4 THORACOLUMBAR CORRECTIVE OSTEOTOMIES . 19.4.1 PATIENT PREPARATION ....................................... 19.4.2 TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................... 19.5 LUMBOSACRAL CORRECTIVE OSTEOTOMIES .... 19.5.1 PATIENT PREPARATION ....................................... 19.5.2 TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................... 162 163 164 165 166 166 20.4.1 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PELVIC GIRDLE ............... 20.4.2 SACRAL OSTEOTOMIES ......................................... 20.4.3 PELVIC OSTEOTOMIES ......................................... 20.4.4 OTHER SALVAGE PROCEDURES ............................. 20.4.5 COMPUTER-ASSISTED SURGERY ........................... 20.5 SUMMARY ..................................................... 171 172 172 172 173 174 21.3 ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS WITH KYPHOTIC DEFORMITY ..................................................... 21.4 DIFFUSE IDIOPATHIC SKELETAL HYPEROSTOSIS WITH FRACTURE .............................................. 178 180 22.3 .3 GRADE 3 OSTEOTOMIES ............................... 22.3 .4 GRADE 4 OSTEOTOMIES ............................... 22.3 .5 GRADE 5 AND 6 OSTEOTOMIES ..................... 22.4 DIFFICULTIES IN PERFORMING OSTEOTOMIES IN REVISION CASES......................................... 22.5 CONCLUSIONS ................................................. 185 186 186 187 188 23.2.2 IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS ....................................... 23.2.3 CONGENITAL DEFORMITY .................................... 23.2.4 NEUROMUSCULAR AND PARALYTIC SCOLIOSIS .......... 23.2.5 SCHEUERMANN S KYPHOSIS ............................... 23.2.6 ADULT SPINAL DEFORMITY .................................. 190 190 190 190 190 CONTENTS 23.3 23.3.1 24. 24.1 24.2 24.2.1 25. 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.4.1 25.4.2 25.4.3 25.4.4 25.4.5 25.4.6 25.5 26. 26.1 26.2 26.2.1 26.2.2 27. 27.1 27.2 27.3 CLASSIFICATION ................................................ 191 23.4 CONCLUSIONS ................................................. 192 PEDIATRIC SPINAL DEFORMITY CLASSIFICATIONS. ... 191 STRATEGIES IN THE CORRECTION OF RIGID SPINAL DEFORMITIES - CONTROVERSIES BETWEEN ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR APPROACH .......................................................................................................................... 194 SEBASTIEN CHAROSKY INTRODUCTION ................................................ 194 PATIENT ASSESSMENT AND SURGICAL STRATEGY ........................................................ 194 LOCATION OF THE DEFORMITY ............................. 194 ANESTHESIA FOR SPINAL SURGERY ................................................................................................................ 203 RUTH SHAYLOR, BENJAMIN DRENGER INTRODUCTION ................................................ 203 SPINAL CORD ................................................... 203 BLOOD SUPPLY ................................................ 203 PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT .......................... 203 PREEXISTING CONDITIONS .................................. 203 AIRWAY ............................................................ 204 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ....................................... 204 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM .................................. 204 NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM ......................................... 204 TRAUMA .......................................................... 204 INDUCTION AND MAINTENANCE ...................... 205 NEUROMONITORING IN RIGID SPINE DEFORMITY CORRECTION ................................................................ 209 AKIVA KORN, JOSEPH DANTO INTRODUCTION ................................................ 209 NIOM TOOLS................................................... 209 SOMATOSENSORY EVOKED POTENTIALS ................. 209 TRANSCRANIAL ELECTRIC MOTOR EVOKED POTENTIALS ...................................................... 210 NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS AFTER SURGERY AVI OHRY, W. S. EL MASRI, STEPHEN EISENSTEIN INTRODUCTION ................................................ 214 SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES ............................. 214 SCOLIOSIS ........................................................ 215 24.2.2 SHAPE AND SEVERITY OF THE DEFORMITY ............. 195 24.2.3 FLEXIBILITY OF THE DEFORMITY AND BALANCE OF THE TRUNK ............................................................. 197 24.3 CONCLUSION .................................................... 200 25.5.1 NEUROPHYSIOLOGIC MONITORING ....................... 205 25.5.2 BISPECTRAL INDEX (BIS) MONITORING ................ 205 25.5.3 OTHER MONITORING .......................................... 206 25.6 POSITIONING .................................................. 206 25.7 BLOOD CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES .............. 206 25.8 WAKE-UP TEST ............................................. 207 25.9 POSTOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS AND COMPLICATIONS .............................................. 207 25.10 CONCLUSIONS ................................................ 208 26.2. 3 ELECTROMYOGRAPHY ........................................ 212 26.2. 4 MULTIMODALITY APPROACH .............................. 212 26.3 CLINICAL APPLICATIONS ................................. 212 26.4 CONCLUSION .................................................. 212 OR TRAUMA TO THE RIGID SPINE ............................... 214 27.4 POSTTRAUMATIC KYPHOSIS (HERMANN KUMMELL S DISEASE; 1895) ......................... 216 27.5 REHABILITATION MEDICINE PERSPECTIVE ....... 216 CONTENTS 28. IMPORTANCE OF THE SAGITTAL BALANCE IN CORRECTION OF RIGID SPINE ................................................ 218 PIERRE ROUSSOULY, AMER SEBAALY 28.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................ 218 28.2 PELVIC SAGITTAL PARAMETERS: THE PLINTH OF SAGITTAL BALANCE ........................................... 218 28.3 SPINAL SAGITTAL PARAMETERS: ARE WE SPEAKING THE SAME LANGUAGE? ................. 219 28.4 SPINAL BALANCE PARAMETERS: METRIC VERSUS ANGULAR ............................... 221 28.5 SPINAL SHAPES IN THE NORMAL POPULATION . 223 28.6 DEGENERATIVE SPINAL EVOLUTION ................. 224 28.7 SURGICAL STRATEGIES IN CORRECTING RIGID SPINAL SAGITTAL DEFORMITY .......................... 226 28.7.1 WHEN THE PELVIC INCIDENCE IS SMALL ( 50 DEGREES)................................................. 227 28.7.2 WHEN THE PELVIC INCIDENCE IS HIGH ( 50 DEGREES).................................... 228 28.8 PROXIMAL JUNCTIONAL KYPHOSIS: A COMPLICATION OF FAULTY SURGICAL STRATEGY ......................................... 228 28.9 CONCLUSION ................................................... 229 29. ROBOT-GUIDED SURGERY IN RIGID SPINAL DEFORMITIES ......................................................................... 231 YAIR BARZILAY, SAJAN K. HEGDE, ISADORH. LIEBERMAN, PRAMOD K. SUDARSHAN, HAREL ARZI, SAMUEL S. BEDERMAN 29.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................. 231 29.2 ROBOTIC GUIDANCE IN SPINE SURGERY ......... 231 29.2.1 ROBOTIC SYSTEMS IN CLINICAL USE ..................... 231 29.3 ROBOTIC SURGERY IN SPINAL DEFORMITY ........ 232 29.4 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................... 234 29.4.1 PELVIC FIXATION ................................................ 234 29.4.2 REVISION SPINAL SURGERY - REDRILLING PEDICLES, RETAINED INSTRUMENTATION ............................. 234 29.5 CASE ILLUSTRATIONS ........................................ 235 29.5.1 CASEL ............................................................. 235 29.5.2 CASE 2 ............................................................. 235 29.5.3 CASE 3 ............................................................. 237 29.5.4 CASE 4 ............................................................. 237 29.5.5 CASE 5 ............................................................. 237 29.6 ROBOT-GUIDED OSTEOTOMIES FOR RIGID DEFORMITIES .................................... 242 29.7 CONCLUSION ................................................... 243 30. BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SPINE FUSION - METHODS TO ENHANCE FUSION RATES VENU M. NEMANI, MATTHEW E. CUNNINGHAM 244 30.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................... 244 30.2 FUSION FORMATION ....................................... 244 30.3 PROPERTIES OF BONE GRAFTS ......................... 245 30.4 TYPES OF GRAFTS ........................................... 245 30.4.1 AUTOGRAFT ....................................................... 245 30.5 OSTEOINDUCTIVE AGENTS .............................. 246 30.5.1 BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS ...................... 246 30.5.2 DEMINERALIZED BONE MATRIX ......................... 246 30.6 OSTEOCONDUCTIVE AGENTS .......................... 247 30.6.1 ALLOGRAFT BONE ............................................... 247 30.6.2 SYNTHETIC BONE GRAFTS ................................... 247 30.7 OSTEOPROMOTIVE AGENTS .......................... 247 30.8 SYSTEMIC AGENTS ........................................ 247 30.8.1 BISPHOSPHONATES ........................................... 248 30.8.2 PARATHYROID HORMONE ................................... 248 30.9 CONCLUSIONS ................................................. 248 CONTENTS 31. ROLE OF ANTERIOR APPROACH IN THE CORRECTION SLEIMAN HADDAD, FERRAN PELLISE 31.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................. 251 31.2 ADULT SPINAL DEFORMITY .............................. 252 31.3 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LOWER LUMBAR SPINE AND LUMBOSACRAL JUNCTION .............. 252 31.3.1 ACCESS TO THE LOWER LUMBAR SPINE ................ 252 31.3.2 RESTORATION OF ANTERIOR COLUMN SUPPORT ........ 253 31.3.3 RECONSTRUCTION OF LUMBOSACRAL SEGMENTAL SAGITTAL ALIGNMENT ......................................... 253 31.4 THORACOLUMBAR KYPHOSCOLIOSIS AND ANTERIOR RELEASE ..................................... 254 OF ADULT SPINAL DEFORMITIES ............................... 251 31.4.1 COMPLICATIONS OF THE ANTERIOR APPROACHES ... 255 31.4.2 COMPARATIVE STUDIES: COMBINED APPROACHES ................................................... 256 31.5 CASE STUDIES ............................................... 256 31.5.1 CASEL ............................................................ 256 31.5.2 CASE 2 ............................................................ 256 31.5.3 CASE 3 ............................................................ 256 31.5.4 CASE 4 ............................................................ 257 31.5.5 CASE 5 ............................................................ 257 31.6 CONCLUSION .................................................. 259 32. OSTEOTOMIES IN SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS - ADULT CARE ............................................................................ 261 5. RAJASEKARAN, RISHI MUGESH KANNA, AJOY PRASAD SHETTY 32.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................... 261 32.2 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF KYPHOSIS IN SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS................................................. 261 32.2.1 KYPHOSIS DURING THE ACUTE PHASE OF TUBERCULOSIS ................................................... 261 32.2.2 HEALING PATTERNS IN SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS ........ 262 32.2.3 KYPHOSIS PROGRESSION IN THE HEALED PHASE ............................................................. 262 32.3 SURGICAL TREATMENT OF KYPHOSIS IN SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS................................................. 262 32.3.1 PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY IN ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS .. 262 32.3.2 SINGLE-STAGE KYPHOSIS CORRECTION BY ANTERIOR APPROACH AND STABILIZATION .............. 263 32.3.3 SINGLE-STAGE TRANSPEDICULAR APPROACH AND POSTERIOR CORRECTION (POSTERIOR CLOSING WEDGE OSTEOTOMY) ....................................... 263 32.3.4 SINGLE-STAGE KYPHOSIS CORRECTION BY POSTERIOR-ONLY TRANSFORAMINAL APPROACH AND INTERBODY FUSION .................................... 265 32.3.5 SINGLE-STAGE KYPHOSIS CORRECTION BY POSTERIOR COSTOTRANSVERSECTOMY OR ANTEROLATERAL APPROACH AND POSTERIOR STABILIZATION ............ 265 32.3.6 KYPHOSIS CORRECTION BY COMBINED ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR APPROACH ................................ 267 32.4 SURGERY FOR KYPHOSIS CORRECTION IN HEALED TUBERCULOSIS .................................... 267 32.4.1 TRANSPEDICULAR DECANCELLATION OSTEOTOMY ... 268 32.4.2 PEDICLE SUBTRACTION OSTEOTOMY .................... 268 32.4.3 SINGLE-STAGE KYPHOSIS CORRECTION THROUGH EXTRAPLEURAL APPROACH .................................. 268 32.4.4 CLOSING OPENING WEDGE OSTEOTOMY (VERTEBRAL COLUMN RESECTION)........................ 268 32.5 CONCLUSION .................................................. 270 33. OSTEOTOMIES IN TUBERCULOSIS - PEDIATRIC CARE .................................................................................... 271 ALEXANDER MUSHKIN 33.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................ 271 33.2 DIAGNOSIS OF SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN ........................................... 271 33.3 PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT ............................. 271 33.3.1 SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF TUBERCULOSIS SPONDYLITIS IN CHILDREN . 273 34. OSTEOTOMIES FOR ADULT DEGENERATIVE SCOLIOSIS ................................................................................ 276 YIGAL MIROVSKY, YOSSI SMORGICK 34.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................ 276 34.2 SELECTION OF FUSION LEVELS .......................... 276 CONTENTS 34.3 SPINE WITH MOBILE DISKS ............................ 27 34.3.1 TWO MAIN SURGICAL TECHNIQUES DESCRIBED IN THIS CATEGORY .................................... 27 34.4 SPINE WITH DECREASED DISK MOBILITY ......... 27 34.4.1 PEDICLE SUBTRACTION OSTEOTOMY ..................... 27 INDEX ............................................................................... 7 34.5 COMPLICATIONS ............................................... 279 34.5.1 EARLY COMPLICATIONS ....................................... 280 7 34.5.2 LATE COMPLICATIONS .......................................... 280 7 34.6 CONCLUSION .................................................... 281 7 ............................................................................................ 283
adam_txt	CONTENTS FOREWORD . XVII PREFACE . XVIII INTRODUCTION . XIX ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . XX CONTRIBUTORS . XXI 1. CONGENITAL SPINAL DEFORMITIES . IBRAHIM OBEID, LOUIS BOISSIERE, DEREK T. CAWLEY 1.1 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.2 DECIDING ON SURGERY . 1 1.3 PROGNOSIS . 3 1.4 CONGENITAL KYPHOSIS AND KYPHOSCOLIOSIS. . 4 . 1 1.6 .1 OBSERVATION . 6 1.6 .2 EPIPHYSIODESIS. 6 1.6 .3 HEMIVERTEBRA RESECTION . 6 1.6 .4 PEDICLE SUBTRACTION OSTEOTOMY . 8 1.6 .5 VERTEBRAL COLUMN RESECTION . 9 1.6. 6 VERTEBRAL COLUMN DECANCELLATION . 11 1.7 CONCLUSION . 11 1.5 FURTHER PERIOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS . 4 1.6 TREATMENT OPTIONS AND PRINCIPLES . 6 2. NEUROMUSCULAR SPINAL DEFORMITIES . 13 ATHANASIOS I. TSIRIKOS 2.1 INTRODUCTION . 13 2.2 CLINICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH SPINAL DEFORMITY . 13 2.3 ETIOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY OF SPINAL DEFORMITY . 13 2.4 PATTERNS OF SPINAL DEFORMITY . 14 2.5 SPECIFIC TYPES OF SPINAL DEFORMITY . 15 2.5.1 SPINA BIFIDA (MYELOMENINGOCELE) . 15 2.5.2 NEUROFIBROMATOSIS . 15 2.6 TREATMENT PRINCIPLES . 16 2.6.1 NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT . 16 2.6.2 SURGICAL TREATMENT . 16 2.7 MEDICAL CONSIDERATIONS - PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT . 17 2.8 COMPLICATIONS DURING AND AFTER SCOLIOSIS SURGERY . 17 2.9 DEFORMITY CORRECTION TECHNIQUES . 18 2.9.1 FIRST- AND SECOND-GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION TECHNIQUES . 18 2.9.2 THIRD-GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION . 18 2.10 ADDITIONAL SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS . 19 2.10.1 INTRAOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT . 19 2.10.2 LEVELS OF FUSION . 19 2.10.3 ANTERIOR CORRECTION . 19 2.10.4 POSTERIOR VERTEBRAL COLUMN RESECTION . 20 2.10.5 GROWTH PRESERVATION/MODULATION TECHNIQUES . 20 2.11 QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSMENT/LIFE EXPECTANCY AFTER SCOLIOSIS SURGERY . 20 2.12 CONCLUSION . 21 CONTENTS 3. 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.3 3.3.1 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3.1 4.4 4.5 5. 5.1 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 IDIOPATHIC SPINAL DEFORMITIES TREATED WITH SPINAL OSTEOTOMIES . 22 PAUL J. PARK, EDUARDO C. BEAUCHAMP, MEGHAN CERPA, LAWRENCE C. LENKE INTRODUCTION . 22 POSTERIOR COLUMN OSTEOTOMY . 22 INDICATIONS IN IDIOPATHIC DEFORMITY . 22 TECHNIQUE . 23 CASE ILLUSTRATION . 23 PEDICLE SUBTRACTION OSTEOTOMY . 23 INDICATIONS IN IDIOPATHIC DEFORMITY . 25 33 33 34 34 34 34 THE NATURAL HISTORY OF RIGID SPINAL DEFORMITIES JEAN DUBOUSSET DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT . NATURAL HISTORY, PHYSIOPATHOLOGY . NATURAL HISTORY, ASSESSMENT OF FLEXIBILITY/RIGIDITY . REDUCTION OF THE DEFORMITY WILL BE CHECKED: LOCALLY AND GLOBALLY . NATURAL HISTORY ACCORDING TO THE GROWING SPINE AND ETIOLOGIES . NATURAL HISTORY ACCORDING TO THE MATURE SPINE AND ETIOLOGIES . 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.7.1 4.8 4.8.1 4.8.2 SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL DEFORMITIES OF THE UPPER THORACIC SPINE AND VERTEBRAL MALFORMATIONS . 39 SERGEI VISSARIONOV INTRODUCTION . 39 5.2 OUTCOMES OF SURGICAL MANAGEMENT . 43 OSTEOTOMIES IN CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF 10 YEARS . 49 JOSH SCHROEDER, LEON KAPLAN BACKGROUND . 49 6.4 OVERALL MANAGEMENT OF THE RIGID SPINE DEFORMITY . 49 HALO TRACTION . 50 HALO PLACEMENT TECHNIQUE . 50 COMPLICATIONS WITH HALO FRAMES . 50 3.3.2 TECHNIQUE . 25 3.3.3 CASE ILLUSTRATION . 26 3.4 PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS AND POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS . 26 3.4.1 PCO VERSUS PSO . 26 3.4.2 COMPLICATIONS . 27 3.5 CONCLUSIONS . 28 . 33 NATURAL HISTORY ACCORDING TO THE AGING SPINE AND ETIOLOGIES . 35 SUBSEQUENT INDICATIONS FOR SURGICAL TREATMENT . 35 TREATMENT AND ELECTION OF SURGICAL APPROACHES 35 CHOICE OF SURGICAL TECHNIQUES AND APPROACHES . 36 FOR LOCALIZED RIGID PATHOLOGY . 36 FOR LESIONS EXTENDING TO MULTIPLE LEVELS (SCOLIOTIC, KYPHOSCOLIOTIC, OR LORDOSCOLIOTIC CURVE) . 36 CONCLUSION . 38 OSTEOTOMIES FOR CORRECTION OF RIGID SPINAL DEFORMITIES . 50 PARTIAL FACET JOINT RESECTION . 50 COMPLETE FACET JOINT RESECTION (POSTERIOR ELEMENTECTOMY) . 50 THREE-COLUMN OSTEOTOMIES. 51 OUTCOME AND COMPLICATIONS . 56 CONTENTS 7. SURGICAL TREATMENT OF RIGID SPINAL DEFORMITIES IN PATIENTS WITH THORACIC INSUFFICIENCY SYNDROME . 58 LEON KAPLAN, JOSH SCHROEDER 7.1 THORACIC INSUFFICIENCY SYNDROME . 58 7.2 CARE . 58 7.3.1 CASTING. 59 7.3.2 SURGERY . 59 7.4 CONCLUSION . 60 7.3 TREATMENT OPTIONS . 59 8. VERTEBRAL COLUMN RESECTION AS A TREATMENT FOR NEUROLOGIC DEFICIT IN SEVERE SPINAL DEFORMITY . 63 EDUARDO C. BEAUCHAMP, PAUL J. PARK, MEGHAN CERPA, LAWRENCE C. LENKE 8.1 INTRODUCTION . 63 8.2 PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION . 63 8.2.1 HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION . 63 8.2.2 IMAGING . 64 8.3 HALO-GRAVITY TRACTION . 64 8.4 SURGICAL TECHNIQUE . 65 8.5 SPINAL CORD MONITORING . 67 8.6 VERTEBRAL COLUMN RESECTION FOR PROGRESSIVE MYELOPATHY . 68 8.7 CASE ILLUSTRATION . 69 8.8 CONCLUSION . 70 9. OSTEOTOMIES IN SYNDROMIC PATIENTS . 75 DINO COLO, RENE M. CASTELEIN 9.1 INTRODUCTION . 75 9.2 DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION,AND INDICATION. 75 9.3 RIGID DEFORMITIES IN SYNDROMIC PATIENTS. 75 9.4 CHOICE OF OSTEOTOMY: TYPE AND GOAL . 78 9.5 PREOPERATIVE WORKUP . 78 9.5.1 PATIENT HISTORY AND PHYSICAL FINDINGS . 78 9.5.2 IMAGING STUDIES . 79 9.6 SURGICAL ASPECTS AND TECHNIQUE . 80 9.6.1 POSITIONING AND PERIOPERATIVE MEASURES . 80 9.7 SURGICAL TECHNIQUE . 80 9.7.1 SMITH-PETERSEN OSTEOTOMY AND PONTE OSTEOTOMY . 80 9.7.2 PEDICLE SUBTRACTION OSTEOTOMY . 81 9.7.3 BONE-DISK-BONE OSTEOTOMY . 81 9.7.4 VERTEBRAL COLUMN RESECTION . 81 9.8 POSTOPERATIVE CARE . 82 9.9 COMPLICATIONS . 82 9.10 OUTCOME . 83 9.11 CONCLUSION . 83 10. RIGID SPINE DEFORMITIES IN EARLY-ONSET SCOLIOSIS POORIA HOSSEINI, BEHROOZ A. AKBARNIA 84 10.1 INTRODUCTION . 84 10.2 CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION . 84 10.2.1 HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION . 84 10.2.2 PLAIN RADIOGRAPHS . 85 10.2.3 EOS IMAGING SYSTEM/THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING TECHNIQUES . 85 10.2.4 CT SCAN . 85 10.2.5 MRI . 85 10.3 TREATMENT OF RIGID SPINE DEFORMITIES IN EOS . 85 CONTENTS 10.3.1 NONOPERATIVE TREATMENTS . 85 10.3.2 OPERATIVE TREATMENTS . 86 10.4 EXTRA PROCEDURES CONSIDERED IN THE TREATMENT OF RIGID CURVES . 90 10.4.2 SURGICAL RELEASE OF SOFT TISSUES . 91 10.4.3 TEMPORARY INTERNAL DISTRACTION ROD . 91 10.4.4 OSTEOTOMIES . 91 10.5 DISCUSSION . 91 10.4.1 TRACTION . 90 11. SECONDARY CORRECTION OF RIGID SPINAL DEFORMITY AFTER FAILED INSTRUMENTATION . 93 MERIC ENERCAN, AZMI HAMZAOGLU 11.1 INTRODUCTION . 11.2 PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION . 11.2.1 HISTORY . 11.2.2 PHYSICAL EXAMINATION . 11.2.3 IMAGING STUDIES . 11.3 SURGICAL TECHNIQUE . 11.3.1 CORRECTION OF SCOLIOSIS DEFORMITY . 11.3.2 CORRECTION OF KYPHOSCOLIOSIS DEFORMITY . 93 93 93 93 94 94 95 95 11.3.3 11.3.4 11.3.5 11.3.6 11.4 11.5 CORRECTION OF KYPHOSIS DEFORMITY . 96 CORRECTION OF LORDOSIS/LORDOSCOLIOSIS DEFORMITY . 97 CORRECTION OF SEVERE RIGID PELVIC OBLIQUITY IN NEGLECTED CONGENITAL SCOLIOSIS . 98 RECONSTRUCTION LAMINECTOMY DEFECT FOLLOWING POSTERIOR VERTEBRAL COLUMN RESECTION . 98 COMPLICATIONS . 99 CONCLUSION . 100 12. KYPHECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH MYELOMENINGOCELE . 102 JOSH SCHROEDER, LEON KAPLAN 12.1 INTRODUCTION . 102 12.3 SURGICAL TECHNIQUE . 103 12.2 KYPHECTOMY . 102 12.4 OUTCOME . 105 13. PITFALLS AND DIFFICULTIES IN THE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS . MARIO DI SILVESTRE 13.1 DEFINITION OF SEVERE IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS . 108 13.1.1 PREOPERATIVE STUDY . 108 13.1.2 PREOPERATIVE HALO TRACTION . 109 13.2 SURGICAL TREATMENT . 110 13.2.1 INTRODUCTION . 110 13.3 POSTERIOR-ONLY PROCEDURES . 110 13.3.1 PEDICLE SCREWS. ILL 13.3.2 POSTERIOR STAGED TECHNIQUE . ILL . 108 13.4 PREFERRED OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE . ILL 13.4.1 MAGNETICALLY CONTROLLED GROWING ROD . 113 13.4.2 INTRAOPERATIVE MONITORING OF SPINAL CORD FUNCTION . 114 13.4.3 FIRST POSTERIOR SURGERY . 114 13.4.4 SECOND STAGE OF POSTERIOR SURGERY . 116 13.5 CONCLUSION . 117 14. POSTTRAUMATIC SPINE DEFORMITY . 120 DAVID B. BUMPASS, LAWRENCE C. LENKE 14.1 INTRODUCTION . 120 14.2 EPIDEMIOLOGY . 120 14.3 EVALUATION OF POSTTRAUMATIC DEFORMITY . 121 14.3.1 NORMAL THORACOLUMBAR ALIGNMENT . 121 14.3.2 CLASSIFICATION . 121 14.3.3 BIOMECHANICS AND PATHOLOGY . 121 14.3.4 PRESENTATION AND PHYSICAL EXAM . 122 14.3.5 RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION . 122 CONTENTS 14.4 14.5 14.5.1 14.5.2 15. 15.1 15.2 15.3 16. 16.1 16.2 17. 17.1 17.2 17.2.1 17.2.2 17.2.3 17.2.4 18. 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.5.1 NONOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT . 123 OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT . 123 SURGICAL INDICATIONS AND PLANNING . 123 ANTERIOR SURGICAL APPROACHES . 126 OSTEOPOROTIC RIGID SPINAL DEFORMITIES . 130 MARCO BRAYDA-BRUNO, ANDREA LUCA, GABRIELE RISTORI, LISA BABBI, ALESSIO LOVI INTRODUCTION . 130 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY OF OSTEOPOROTIC DEFORMITIES . 130 OUR PHILOSOPHY OF TREATMENT IN OSTEOPOROTIC VCFS AND RELATED KYPHOTIC DEFORMITIES. . 130 SPINAL DEFORMITIES IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON ' S DISEASE . 135 STEPHANE WOLFF, PETER UPEX, GUILLAUME RIOUALLON INTRODUCTION . 135 16.3 SURGICAL TECHNIQUE . 136 SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS . 135 16.4 CONCLUSION . 136 SURGICAL PLANNING FOR EN BLOC RESECTION OF SPINAL TUMORS: TAILORING THE OSTEOTOMY TO TUMOR EXTENSIONS . 138 STEFANO BORIANI, ALESSANDRO GASBARRINI, RICCARDO GHERMANDI, SHIFRA FRAIFELD, JOSE E. COHEN, EYAL ITSHAYEK INTRODUCTION . 138 PLANNING EN BLOC RESECTION . 139 STEPS FOR SURGICAL PLANNING . 139 ESSENTIAL SURGICAL CRITERIA . 140 SURGICAL TIPS AND TECHNIQUES . 140 SURGICAL APPROACH . 140 CORRECTIVE OSTEOTOMIES IN THE CERVICAL SPINE . 151 VENU M. NEMANI, PETER B. DERMAN, HAN JO KIM INTRODUCTION . 151 CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND NATURAL HISTORY . 151 PHYSICAL EXAM . 151 RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION . 152 ASSESSMENT AND PREOPERATIVE PLANNING. . 154 LOCATION OF THE DEFORMITY . 154 14.5.3 COMBINED ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR SURGICAL APPROACHES . 126 14.5.4 POSTERIOR SURGICAL APPROACHES . 126 14.5.5 TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS . 127 14.5.6 COMPLICATIONS . 128 15.4 HOW TO IMPROVE PEDICLE SCREW STABILITY . 131 15.5 OSTEOPOROTIC SPINE DEFORMITY CORRECTION . 132 15.6 COMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS . 132 17.2.5 OSTEOTOMY OF THE SPINE TO FINALIZE THE EN BLOC RESECTION . 147 17.3 CASE REPORT . 147 17.4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS . 148 17.4.1 CONFLICTS OF INTEREST . 149 17.4.2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . 149 18.5.2 PREVIOUS SURGERY . 155 18.5.3 CURVE RIGIDITY AND DEGREE OF DEFORMITY . 155 18.5.4 NEUROLOGIC STATUS . 155 18.6 OSTEOTOMY TYPES . 155 18.6.1 ANTERIOR OSTEOTOMIES . 155 18.6.2 POSTERIOR OSTEOTOMIES . 156 18.6.3 COMBINED OSTEOTOMIES. 157 18.7 CONCLUSION . 157 CONTENTS 19. 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.3.1 19.3.2 20. 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 21. 21.1 21.2 22. 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.3.1 22.3.2 23. 23.1 23.2 23.2.1 JUNCTIONAL CORRECTIVE OSTEOTOMIES (CERVICOTHORACIC, THORACOLUMBAR, LUMBOSACRAL) . CLAUDIO LAMARTINA, RICCARDO CECCHINATO 159 INTRODUCTION . 159 PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION . 159 CERVICOTHORACIC KYPHOTIC DEFORMITY AND CORRECTIVE OSTEOTOMIES . 160 PATIENT PREPARATION . 160 TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS . 160 CORRECTIVE STRATEGIES AND MANAGEMENT OF RIGID SACROPELVIC PATHOLOGIES . YECHIEL N. CEILMAN, JOSH SCHROEDER, MEIR LIEBERGALL 170 INTRODUCTION . 170 PRESENTING SYMPTOMS . 170 RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION . 171 MANAGEMENT . 171 ANKYLOSING SPINAL DISORDERS . ROONGRATH CHITRAGRAN, RUNE HEDLUND 176 INTRODUCTION . 176 ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS WITH FRACTURE . 176 OSTEOTOMIES IN REVISION SURGERY . AHMET ALANAY, CAGLAR YILGOR 184 INTRODUCTION . 184 GENERAL INDICATIONS . 184 OSTEOTOMIES . 185 GRADE 1 OSTEOTOMIES . 185 GRADE 2 OSTEOTOMIES . 185 CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF RIGID SPINE DEFORMITY . JOSH SCHROEDER, JANINA KUEPER, LEON KAPLAN 189 INTRODUCTION . 189 DEFINITION . 189 PEDIATRIC RIGID SPINAL DEFORMITY . 189 19.4 THORACOLUMBAR CORRECTIVE OSTEOTOMIES . 19.4.1 PATIENT PREPARATION . 19.4.2 TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS . 19.5 LUMBOSACRAL CORRECTIVE OSTEOTOMIES . 19.5.1 PATIENT PREPARATION . 19.5.2 TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS . 162 163 164 165 166 166 20.4.1 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PELVIC GIRDLE . 20.4.2 SACRAL OSTEOTOMIES . 20.4.3 PELVIC OSTEOTOMIES . 20.4.4 OTHER SALVAGE PROCEDURES . 20.4.5 COMPUTER-ASSISTED SURGERY . 20.5 SUMMARY . 171 172 172 172 173 174 21.3 ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS WITH KYPHOTIC DEFORMITY . 21.4 DIFFUSE IDIOPATHIC SKELETAL HYPEROSTOSIS WITH FRACTURE . 178 180 22.3 .3 GRADE 3 OSTEOTOMIES . 22.3 .4 GRADE 4 OSTEOTOMIES . 22.3 .5 GRADE 5 AND 6 OSTEOTOMIES . 22.4 DIFFICULTIES IN PERFORMING OSTEOTOMIES IN REVISION CASES. 22.5 CONCLUSIONS . 185 186 186 187 188 23.2.2 IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS . 23.2.3 CONGENITAL DEFORMITY . 23.2.4 NEUROMUSCULAR AND PARALYTIC SCOLIOSIS . 23.2.5 SCHEUERMANN ' S KYPHOSIS . 23.2.6 ADULT SPINAL DEFORMITY . 190 190 190 190 190 CONTENTS 23.3 23.3.1 24. 24.1 24.2 24.2.1 25. 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.4.1 25.4.2 25.4.3 25.4.4 25.4.5 25.4.6 25.5 26. 26.1 26.2 26.2.1 26.2.2 27. 27.1 27.2 27.3 CLASSIFICATION . 191 23.4 CONCLUSIONS . 192 PEDIATRIC SPINAL DEFORMITY CLASSIFICATIONS. . 191 STRATEGIES IN THE CORRECTION OF RIGID SPINAL DEFORMITIES - CONTROVERSIES BETWEEN ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR APPROACH . 194 SEBASTIEN CHAROSKY INTRODUCTION . 194 PATIENT ASSESSMENT AND SURGICAL STRATEGY . 194 LOCATION OF THE DEFORMITY . 194 ANESTHESIA FOR SPINAL SURGERY . 203 RUTH SHAYLOR, BENJAMIN DRENGER INTRODUCTION . 203 SPINAL CORD . 203 BLOOD SUPPLY . 203 PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT . 203 PREEXISTING CONDITIONS . 203 AIRWAY . 204 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM . 204 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM . 204 NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM . 204 TRAUMA . 204 INDUCTION AND MAINTENANCE . 205 NEUROMONITORING IN RIGID SPINE DEFORMITY CORRECTION . 209 AKIVA KORN, JOSEPH DANTO INTRODUCTION . 209 NIOM TOOLS. 209 SOMATOSENSORY EVOKED POTENTIALS . 209 TRANSCRANIAL ELECTRIC MOTOR EVOKED POTENTIALS . 210 NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS AFTER SURGERY AVI OHRY, W. S. EL MASRI, STEPHEN EISENSTEIN INTRODUCTION . 214 SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES . 214 SCOLIOSIS . 215 24.2.2 SHAPE AND SEVERITY OF THE DEFORMITY . 195 24.2.3 FLEXIBILITY OF THE DEFORMITY AND BALANCE OF THE TRUNK . 197 24.3 CONCLUSION . 200 25.5.1 NEUROPHYSIOLOGIC MONITORING . 205 25.5.2 BISPECTRAL INDEX (BIS) MONITORING . 205 25.5.3 OTHER MONITORING . 206 25.6 POSITIONING . 206 25.7 BLOOD CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES . 206 25.8 WAKE-UP TEST . 207 25.9 POSTOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS AND COMPLICATIONS . 207 25.10 CONCLUSIONS . 208 26.2. 3 ELECTROMYOGRAPHY . 212 26.2. 4 MULTIMODALITY APPROACH . 212 26.3 CLINICAL APPLICATIONS . 212 26.4 CONCLUSION . 212 OR TRAUMA TO THE RIGID SPINE . 214 27.4 POSTTRAUMATIC KYPHOSIS (HERMANN KUMMELL ' S DISEASE; 1895) . 216 27.5 REHABILITATION MEDICINE PERSPECTIVE . 216 CONTENTS 28. IMPORTANCE OF THE SAGITTAL BALANCE IN CORRECTION OF RIGID SPINE . 218 PIERRE ROUSSOULY, AMER SEBAALY 28.1 INTRODUCTION . 218 28.2 PELVIC SAGITTAL PARAMETERS: THE PLINTH OF SAGITTAL BALANCE . 218 28.3 SPINAL SAGITTAL PARAMETERS: ARE WE SPEAKING THE SAME LANGUAGE? . 219 28.4 SPINAL BALANCE PARAMETERS: METRIC VERSUS ANGULAR . 221 28.5 SPINAL SHAPES IN THE NORMAL POPULATION . 223 28.6 DEGENERATIVE SPINAL EVOLUTION . 224 28.7 SURGICAL STRATEGIES IN CORRECTING RIGID SPINAL SAGITTAL DEFORMITY . 226 28.7.1 WHEN THE PELVIC INCIDENCE IS SMALL ( 50 DEGREES). 227 28.7.2 WHEN THE PELVIC INCIDENCE IS HIGH ( 50 DEGREES). 228 28.8 PROXIMAL JUNCTIONAL KYPHOSIS: A COMPLICATION OF FAULTY SURGICAL STRATEGY . 228 28.9 CONCLUSION . 229 29. ROBOT-GUIDED SURGERY IN RIGID SPINAL DEFORMITIES . 231 YAIR BARZILAY, SAJAN K. HEGDE, ISADORH. LIEBERMAN, PRAMOD K. SUDARSHAN, HAREL ARZI, SAMUEL S. BEDERMAN 29.1 INTRODUCTION . 231 29.2 ROBOTIC GUIDANCE IN SPINE SURGERY . 231 29.2.1 ROBOTIC SYSTEMS IN CLINICAL USE . 231 29.3 ROBOTIC SURGERY IN SPINAL DEFORMITY . 232 29.4 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS . 234 29.4.1 PELVIC FIXATION . 234 29.4.2 REVISION SPINAL SURGERY - REDRILLING PEDICLES, RETAINED INSTRUMENTATION . 234 29.5 CASE ILLUSTRATIONS . 235 29.5.1 CASEL . 235 29.5.2 CASE 2 . 235 29.5.3 CASE 3 . 237 29.5.4 CASE 4 . 237 29.5.5 CASE 5 . 237 29.6 ROBOT-GUIDED OSTEOTOMIES FOR RIGID DEFORMITIES . 242 29.7 CONCLUSION . 243 30. BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SPINE FUSION - METHODS TO ENHANCE FUSION RATES VENU M. NEMANI, MATTHEW E. CUNNINGHAM 244 30.1 INTRODUCTION . 244 30.2 FUSION FORMATION . 244 30.3 PROPERTIES OF BONE GRAFTS . 245 30.4 TYPES OF GRAFTS . 245 30.4.1 AUTOGRAFT . 245 30.5 OSTEOINDUCTIVE AGENTS . 246 30.5.1 BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS . 246 30.5.2 DEMINERALIZED BONE MATRIX . 246 30.6 OSTEOCONDUCTIVE AGENTS . 247 30.6.1 ALLOGRAFT BONE . 247 30.6.2 SYNTHETIC BONE GRAFTS . 247 30.7 OSTEOPROMOTIVE AGENTS . 247 30.8 SYSTEMIC AGENTS . 247 30.8.1 BISPHOSPHONATES . 248 30.8.2 PARATHYROID HORMONE . 248 30.9 CONCLUSIONS . 248 CONTENTS 31. ROLE OF ANTERIOR APPROACH IN THE CORRECTION SLEIMAN HADDAD, FERRAN PELLISE 31.1 INTRODUCTION . 251 31.2 ADULT SPINAL DEFORMITY . 252 31.3 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LOWER LUMBAR SPINE AND LUMBOSACRAL JUNCTION . 252 31.3.1 ACCESS TO THE LOWER LUMBAR SPINE . 252 31.3.2 RESTORATION OF ANTERIOR COLUMN SUPPORT . 253 31.3.3 RECONSTRUCTION OF LUMBOSACRAL SEGMENTAL SAGITTAL ALIGNMENT . 253 31.4 THORACOLUMBAR KYPHOSCOLIOSIS AND ANTERIOR RELEASE . 254 OF ADULT SPINAL DEFORMITIES . 251 31.4.1 COMPLICATIONS OF THE ANTERIOR APPROACHES . 255 31.4.2 COMPARATIVE STUDIES: COMBINED APPROACHES . 256 31.5 CASE STUDIES . 256 31.5.1 CASEL . 256 31.5.2 CASE 2 . 256 31.5.3 CASE 3 . 256 31.5.4 CASE 4 . 257 31.5.5 CASE 5 . 257 31.6 CONCLUSION . 259 32. OSTEOTOMIES IN SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS - ADULT CARE . 261 5. RAJASEKARAN, RISHI MUGESH KANNA, AJOY PRASAD SHETTY 32.1 INTRODUCTION . 261 32.2 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF KYPHOSIS IN SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS. 261 32.2.1 KYPHOSIS DURING THE ACUTE PHASE OF TUBERCULOSIS . 261 32.2.2 HEALING PATTERNS IN SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS . 262 32.2.3 KYPHOSIS PROGRESSION IN THE " HEALED " PHASE . 262 32.3 SURGICAL TREATMENT OF KYPHOSIS IN SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS. 262 32.3.1 PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY IN ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS . 262 32.3.2 SINGLE-STAGE KYPHOSIS CORRECTION BY ANTERIOR APPROACH AND STABILIZATION . 263 32.3.3 SINGLE-STAGE TRANSPEDICULAR APPROACH AND POSTERIOR CORRECTION (POSTERIOR CLOSING WEDGE OSTEOTOMY) . 263 32.3.4 SINGLE-STAGE KYPHOSIS CORRECTION BY POSTERIOR-ONLY TRANSFORAMINAL APPROACH AND INTERBODY FUSION . 265 32.3.5 SINGLE-STAGE KYPHOSIS CORRECTION BY POSTERIOR COSTOTRANSVERSECTOMY OR ANTEROLATERAL APPROACH AND POSTERIOR STABILIZATION . 265 32.3.6 KYPHOSIS CORRECTION BY COMBINED ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR APPROACH . 267 32.4 SURGERY FOR KYPHOSIS CORRECTION IN HEALED TUBERCULOSIS . 267 32.4.1 TRANSPEDICULAR DECANCELLATION OSTEOTOMY . 268 32.4.2 PEDICLE SUBTRACTION OSTEOTOMY . 268 32.4.3 SINGLE-STAGE KYPHOSIS CORRECTION THROUGH EXTRAPLEURAL APPROACH . 268 32.4.4 CLOSING OPENING WEDGE OSTEOTOMY (VERTEBRAL COLUMN RESECTION). 268 32.5 CONCLUSION . 270 33. OSTEOTOMIES IN TUBERCULOSIS - PEDIATRIC CARE . 271 ALEXANDER MUSHKIN 33.1 INTRODUCTION . 271 33.2 DIAGNOSIS OF SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN . 271 33.3 PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT . 271 33.3.1 SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF TUBERCULOSIS SPONDYLITIS IN CHILDREN . 273 34. OSTEOTOMIES FOR ADULT DEGENERATIVE SCOLIOSIS . 276 YIGAL MIROVSKY, YOSSI SMORGICK 34.1 INTRODUCTION . 276 34.2 SELECTION OF FUSION LEVELS . 276 CONTENTS 34.3 SPINE WITH MOBILE DISKS . 27 34.3.1 TWO MAIN SURGICAL TECHNIQUES DESCRIBED IN THIS CATEGORY . 27 34.4 SPINE WITH DECREASED DISK MOBILITY . 27 34.4.1 PEDICLE SUBTRACTION OSTEOTOMY . 27 INDEX . ' 7 34.5 COMPLICATIONS . 279 34.5.1 EARLY COMPLICATIONS . 280 ' 7 34.5.2 LATE COMPLICATIONS . 280 ' 7 34.6 CONCLUSION . 281 7 . 283
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spelling	Corrective osteotomies for rigid spinal deformities Leon Kaplan, MD, Lawrence G. Lenke, MD Stuttgart Thieme [2023] © 2023 xxv, 290 Seiten 543 Illustrationen, Diagramme 28 cm x 21 cm, 1271 g txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Osteotomie (DE-588)4044023-0 gnd rswk-swf Wirbelsäulendeformität (DE-588)4193783-1 gnd rswk-swf Operationstechnik (DE-588)4215428-5 gnd rswk-swf Wirbelsäulendeformität (DE-588)4193783-1 s Osteotomie (DE-588)4044023-0 s Operationstechnik (DE-588)4215428-5 s DE-604 Kaplan, Leon (DE-588)1285290372 edt aut Lenke, Lawrence G. 1960- (DE-588)1285290755 edt aut Georg Thieme Verlag KG (DE-588)1064287301 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-3-13-245439-2 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-3-13-173091-6 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034157372&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p vlb 20190412 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#vlb
spellingShingle	Kaplan, Leon Lenke, Lawrence G. 1960- Corrective osteotomies for rigid spinal deformities Osteotomie (DE-588)4044023-0 gnd Wirbelsäulendeformität (DE-588)4193783-1 gnd Operationstechnik (DE-588)4215428-5 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4044023-0 (DE-588)4193783-1 (DE-588)4215428-5
title	Corrective osteotomies for rigid spinal deformities
title_auth	Corrective osteotomies for rigid spinal deformities
title_exact_search	Corrective osteotomies for rigid spinal deformities
title_exact_search_txtP	Corrective osteotomies for rigid spinal deformities
title_full	Corrective osteotomies for rigid spinal deformities Leon Kaplan, MD, Lawrence G. Lenke, MD
title_fullStr	Corrective osteotomies for rigid spinal deformities Leon Kaplan, MD, Lawrence G. Lenke, MD
title_full_unstemmed	Corrective osteotomies for rigid spinal deformities Leon Kaplan, MD, Lawrence G. Lenke, MD
title_short	Corrective osteotomies for rigid spinal deformities
title_sort	corrective osteotomies for rigid spinal deformities
topic	Osteotomie (DE-588)4044023-0 gnd Wirbelsäulendeformität (DE-588)4193783-1 gnd Operationstechnik (DE-588)4215428-5 gnd
topic_facet	Osteotomie Wirbelsäulendeformität Operationstechnik
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034157372&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT kaplanleon correctiveosteotomiesforrigidspinaldeformities AT lenkelawrenceg correctiveosteotomiesforrigidspinaldeformities AT georgthiemeverlagkg correctiveosteotomiesforrigidspinaldeformities

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