Verfügbarkeit: Bronze Age weights from Mesopotamia, Iran & Greater Indus Valley

Bronze Age weights from Mesopotamia, Iran & Greater Indus Valley:

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Ascalone, Enrico (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser:	Tavernier, Jan ca. 20./21. Jh (MitwirkendeR)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Kiel ; Hamburg Wachholtz Verlag 2022
Schriftenreihe:	Weight & value volume 3
Schlagworte:	Harappakultur Gewichtsstück Maßsystem Bronzezeit Iran Mesopotamien Iraq India Susa South Africa Dholavira Kutch district tyoilogy metrology Mature Harappan France ERC-2014-CoG
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	278 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 31 cm
ISBN:	9783529035425 3529035424

Internformat

MARC


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245	1	0	\|a Bronze Age weights from Mesopotamia, Iran & Greater Indus Valley \|c by Enrico Ascalone ; with a contribution from Jan Tavernier
264		1	\|a Kiel ; Hamburg \|b Wachholtz Verlag \|c 2022
300			\|a 278 Seiten \|b Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten \|c 31 cm
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Datensatz im Suchindex

_version_	1804185042578046976
adam_text	CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. THE CONSIDERATION OF THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT ............................................................................. 2 1.2. THE POSSESSION OF KNOWLEDGE .................................................................................................... 3 1.3. HANDLING THE ARTEFACT .............................................................................................................. 4 1.4. FIELD PRESENCE ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.5. A TRANS-DISCIPLINARY APPROACH .................................................................................................. 4 2 T YPOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. OVOID (TYPE 1) ......................................................................................................................... 8 2.2. DUCK-SHAPED (TYPE 2) .............................................................................................................. 9 2.3. FROG-SHAPED (TYPE 3) .............................................................................................................. 10 2.4. SHELL-SHAPED (TYPE 4) .............................................................................................................. 10 2.5. FLY-SHAPED (TYPE 5) ................................................................................................................ 10 2.6. PIGHEAD-SHAPED (TYPE 6) ....................................................................................................... 10 2.7. SPHERE (TYPE 7) ....................................................................................................................... 11 2.8. ELLIPSOID WITH BASE AND GROOVES (TYPE 8) .............................................................................. 11 2.9. PEBBLE (TYPE 9) ....................................................................................................................... 12 2.10. HAND BAG-SHAPED (TYPE 10) .................................................................................................. 12 2.11. CYLINDER-SHAPED (TYPE 11) .................................................................................................. 13 2.12. BICONIC (TYPE 12) .................................................................................................................. 14 2.13. SMALL COLUMN (TYPE 13) ....................................................................................................... 14 2.14. PEAR-SHAPED (TYPE 14) ........................................................................................................... 15 2.15. EGG-SHAPED (TYPE 15) ........................................................................................................... 15 2.16. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16) ....................................................................................................... 15 2.17. DISCOID (TYPE 17) .................................................................................................................. 16 2.18. CUBOID (TYPE 18) .................................................................................................................. 17 2.19. KUDURRU -SHAPED (TYPE 19) .................................................................................................. 17 2.20. HEMISPHERE (TYPE 20) ........................................................................................................... 17 2.21. CONE (TYPE 21) ..................................................................................................................... 18 2.22. PYRAMID-SHAPED (TYPE 22) .................................................................................................... 18 2.23. IRREGULAR SHAPE (TYPE 23) ..................................................................................................... 18 2.24. CLAY SPHENDONOID (TYPE 24) ................................................................................................ 18 2.25. DOME-SHAPED (TYPE 25) ....................................................................................................... 19 2.26. TRAPEZOID-SHAPED (TYPE 26) ................................................................................................ 19 2.27. ROUNDED FLAT WITH HOLE (TYPE 27) ....................................................................................... 19 3 M ATERIAL ....................................................................................................................................... 21 3.1. AGATE/CARNELIAN/CHALCEDONY ................................................................................................... 22 3.2. ALABASTER ................................................................................................................................. 24 3.3. BASALT ....................................................................................................................................... 24 3.4. BITUMEN ................................................................................................................................... 24 3.5. GENERIC STONE .......................................................................................................................... 25 3.6. BRONZE/COPPER ........................................................................................................................ 25 3.7. CALCITE/LIMESTONE ................................................................................................................... 27 3.8. VESUVIANITE .............................................................................................................................. 27 3.9. .............................................................................................. 28 3.10. CHERT ..................................................................................................................................... 28 3.11. CHLORITE/STEATITE/SERPENTINITE .............................................................................................. 28 3.12. DIORITE ...................................................................................................................................29 3.13. WAAGENOPHYLLUM .................................................................................................................29 3.14. GABBRO ...................................................................................................................................30 3.15. GRANITE ...................................................................................................................................30 3.16. GYPSUM ................................................................................................................................. 30 3.17. HEMATITE ............................................................................................................................... 30 3.18. HORNBLENDE .......................................................................................................................... 31 3.19. JASPER ..................................................................................................................................... 31 3.20. MARBLE ................................................................................................................................... 31 3.21. OLIVINE ................................................................................................................................... 31 3.22. QUARTZ ................................................................................................................................... 31 3.23. SCHIST .................................................................................................................................... 31 3.24. SHELL ...................................................................................................................................... 31 3.25. SILTSTONE ................................................................................................................................. 32 3.26. TERRACOTTA ............................................................................................................................. 32 3.27. CLAY ...................................................................................................................................... 33 4 SUSIANA AND LOWER MESOPOTAMIA .................................................................................................................... 35 4.1. SUSA .......................................................................................................................................... 35 4.1.1. CHRONOLOGIES ........................................................................................................................36 4.1.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 1-746) ....... 39 4.1.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS ................................................................................................... 41 4.1.2.2. CATALOGUE .......................................................................................................................... 43 4.1.2.2.1. OVOID (TYPE LA): CAT. NO. 1-244 ................................................................................. 43 4.I.2.2.2. OVOID WITH BASE (TYPE 1B): CAT. NO. 245-263 ............................................................ 49 4.I.2.2.3. OVOID WITH FLAT ENDS (TYPE 1C): CAT. NO. 264-482 ....................................................... 50 4.1.2.2.4. OVOID WITH BASE AND FLAT ENDS (TYPE ID): CAT. NO. 483-508 ..................................... 55 4.I.2.2.5. OVOID WITH ONE FLAT END (TYPE LE): CAT. NO. 509-515 ................................................ 56 4.I.2.2.6. OVOID WITH TWO BASES AND FLAT ENDS (TYPE 1G): CAT. NO. 516 ....................................... 56 4.I.2.2.7. OVOID WITH FOUR BASES (TYPE IH): CAT. NO. 517-518 ................................................... 57 4.1.2.2.8. OVOID WITH HOLE (TYPE LI): CAT. NO. 519-527 .............................................................. 57 4.1.2.2.9. IRREGULAR OVOID (TYPE 1K): CAT. NO. 528-530 .............................................................. 57 4.1.2.2.10. DUCK-SHAPED (TYPE 2): CAT. NO. 531-617 ................................................................... 57 4.1.2.2.11. FROG-SHAPED (TYPE 3): CAT. NO. 618-619 ..................................................................... 60 4.1.2.2.12. SHELL-SHAPED (TYPE 4): CAT. NO. 620-627 ...................................................................60 4.1.2.2.13. PIGHEAD-SHAPED (TYPE 6): CAT. NO. 628-630 ............................................................ 60 4.1.2.2.14. SPHERE (TYPE 7A): CAT. NO. 631-636 .......................................................................... 60 4.1.2.2.15. SPHERE WITH BASE (TYPE 7B): CAT. NO. 637-638 ..........................................................60 4.1.2.2.16. ELLIPSOID WITH BASE AND GROOVES (TYPE 8): CAT. NO. 639-658 ................................... 60 4.1.2.2.17. OVOID/DISCOID PEBBLE (TYPE 9C): CAT. NO. 659-679 ................................................. 61 4.1.2.2.18. CYLINDER-SHAPED (TYPE 11A): CAT. NO. 680-687 ........................................................62 4.1.2.2.19. BICONIC (TYPE 12): CAT. NO. 688 .................................................................................62 4.1.2.2.20. EGG-SHAPED (TYPE 15): CAT. NO. 689 ..........................................................................62 4.1.2.2.21. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16A): CAT. NO. 690-691 ............................................................ 62 4.1.2.2.22. DISCOID (TYPE 17A): CAT. NO. 692-694 ...................................................................... 62 4.1.2.2.23. DISCOID WITH HOLE (TYPE 17B): CAT. NO. 695 ..............................................................62 4.1.2.2.24. OCTAGONAL DISCOID (TYPE 17C): CAT. NO. 696 ..............................................................62 4.1.2.2.25. IRREGULAR DISCOID (TYPE 17D): CAT. NO. 697 ............................................................... 63 4.1.2.2.26. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 698-700 ...................................................................... 63 4.1.2.2.27. HEMISPHERE (TYPE 20A): CAT. NO. 701-719 ............................................................... 63 4.1.2.2.28. CONE (TYPE 21A): CAT. NO. 720-728 .......................................................................... 63 4.1.2.2.29. TRUNCATED CONE (TYPE 21B): CAT. NO. 729-731 .......................................................... 64 4.1.2.2.30. PYRAMID-SHAPED (TYPE 22): CAT. NO. 732 ................................................................... 64 4.1.2.2.31. IRREGULAR SHAPE (TYPE 23): CAT. NO. 733-746 ............................................................ 64 4.1.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES ........................................................................................................... 64 4.2. CHOGA ZANBIL/DUR-UNTAS ......................................................................................................73 4.2.1. CHRONOLOGIES .......................................................................................................................73 4.2.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 747-750)... 73 4.2.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS ..................................................................................................73 4.2.2.2. CATALOGUE .........................................................................................................................73 4.2.2.2.I. OVOID WITH BASE (TYPE 1B): CAT. NO. 747-748 ............................................................ 73 4.2.2.2.2. OVOID WITH FLAT ENDS (TYPE 1C): CAT. NO. 749 .............................................................. 74 4.2.2.2.3. OVOID WITH BASE AND FLAT ENDS (TYPE ID): CAT. NO. 750 .............................................. 74 4.2.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES ........................................................................................................... 74 4.3. DJAFFARABAD ............................................................................................................................. 74 4.3.1. CHRONOLOGIES ....................................................................................................................... 74 4.3.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 751-752)... 74 4.3.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS .................................................................................................. 74 4.3.2.2. CATALOGUE ......................................................................................................................... 74 4.3.2.2.1. SPHERE (TYPE 7A): CAT. NO. 751-752 ............................................................................. 4.4. LARSA/TELL ES-SINKARA .............................................................................................................75 4.4.1. CHRONOLOGIES ....................................................................................................................... 75 4.4.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 753-759)... 76 4.4.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS ................................................................................................... 76 4.4.2.2. CATALOGUE .......................................................................................................................... 77 4.4.2.2.I. OVOID WITH FLAT ENDS (TYPE 1C): CAT. NO. 753-757 ....................................................... 77 4.4.2.2.2. DUCK-SHAPED (TYPE 2): CAT. NO. 758-759 ................................................................... 77 4.4.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES ............................................................................................................ 77 4.5. GIRSU/TELLOH ............................................................................................................................ 77 4.5.1. CHRONOLOGIES ......................................................................................................................... 77 4.5.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 760-873)... 78 4.5.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS ................................................................................................... 78 4.5.2.2. CATALOGUE .......................................................................................................................... 79 4.5.2.2.I. OVOID (TYPE LA): CAT. NO. 760-814 .............................................................................. 79 4.5.2.2.2. OVOID WITH BASE (TYPE 1B): CAT. NO. 815-822 ............................................................. 80 4.5.2.2.3. OVOID WITH FLAT ENDS (TYPE 1C): CAT. NO. 823-843 ....................................................... 80 4.5.2.2.4. OVOID WITH BASE AND FLAT ENDS (TYPE ID): CAT. NO. 844 .............................................. 81 4.5.2.2.5. OVOID WITH TWO BASES (TYPE IF): CAT. NO. 845 ............................................................ 81 4.5.2.2.6. DUCK-SHAPED (TYPE 2): CAT. NO. 846-855 ................................................................... 81 . 4.5.2.2.7. SPHERE (TYPE 7A): CAT. NO. 856 ..................................................................................... 82 4.5.2.2.8. CYLINDER-SHAPED (TYPE 11A): CAT. NO. 857-861 ........................................................... 82 4.5.2.2.9. EGG-SHAPED (TYPE 15): CAT. NO. 862-868 ..................................................................... 82 4.5.2.2.10. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16A): CAT. NO. 869-870 ............................................................ 82 4.5.2.2.11. HEMISPHERE (TYPE 20A): CAT. NO. 871 ......................................................................... 82 4.5.2.2.12. CONE (TYPE 21A): CAT. NO. 872 .................................................................................. 82 4.5.2.2.13. TRUNCATED CONE (TYPE 21B): CAT. NO. 873 ................................................................ 82 4.5.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES ............................................................................................................ 82 4.6. TELL INGHARRA/KISH ...................................................................................................................84 4.6.1. CHRONOLOGIES ........................................................................................................................ 85 4.6.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 874-886)... 85 4.6.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS ................................................................................................... 85 4.6.2.2. CATALOGUE .......................................................................................................................... 86 4.6.2.2.I. OVOID WITH FLAT ENDS (TYPE 1C): CAT. NO. 874-878 ....................................................... 86 4.6.2.2.2. DUCK-SHAPED (TYPE 2): CAT. NO. 879-883 ................................................................... 86 4.6.2.2.3. FROG-SHAPED (TYPE 3): CAT. NO. 884 ............................................................................ 86 4.6.2.2.4. SHELL-SHAPED (TYPE 4): CAT. NO. 885 ............................................................................ 86 4.6.2.2.5. FLY-SHAPED (TYPE 5): CAT. NO. 886 ................................................................................ 86 4.6.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES ............................................................................................................ 87 4.7. TELL MUQAYAR/UR ..................................................................................................................... 87 4.7.1. CHRONOLOGIES ........................................................................................................................ 87 4.7.2. WEIGHT (CAT. NO. 887) ........................................................................................................ 88 4.7.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS ................................................................................................... 88 4.7.2.2. CATALOGUE .......................................................................................................................... 89 4.7.2.2.I. KUDURRU -SHAPED (TYPE 19): CAT. NO. 887 .................................................................. 89 5 I RANIAN H IGHLANDS ..................................................................................................................... 91 5.1. JIROFT VALLEY .............................................................................................................................. 91 5.1.1. CHRONOLOGIES ........................................................................................................................92 5.1.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 888-932)... 94 5.1.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS ...................................................................................................96 5.1.2.2. CATALOGUE .......................................................................................................................... 96 5.1.2.2.1. HAND BAG-SHAPED (TYPE 10): CAT. NO. 888-929 ........................................................... 96 5.I.2.2.2. SMALL COLUMN (TYPE 13): CAT. NO. 930-931 ................................................................. 97 5.1.2.2.3. PEAR-SHAPED (TYPE 14): CAT. NO. 932 ............................................................................ 97 5.1.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES ............................................................................................................ 97 5.2. KONAR SANDAL ........................................................................................................................ 100 5.2.1. CHRONOLOGIES ...................................................................................................................... 100 5.2.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 933-937). .101 5.2.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS ................................................................................................. 101 5.2.2.2. CATALOGUE ........................................................................................................................ 101 5.2.2.2.I. SPHERE (TYPE 7A): CAT. NO. 933 ................................................................................... 101 5.2.2.2.2. SPHERE WITH BASE (TYPE 7B): CAT. NO. 934 ................................................................... 101 5.2.2.2.3. CYLINDER-SHAPED (TYPE ILA): CAT. NO. 935 ................................................................ 101 5.2.2.2.4. DISCOID (TYPE 17A): CAT. NO. 936 ............................................................................... 101 5.2.2.2.5. HEMISPHERE (TYPE 20A): CAT. NO. 937 ....................................................................... 101 5.2.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES .......................................................................................................... 101 5.3. TEPE YAHYA ............................................................................................................................. 101 5.3.1. CHRONOLOGIES ...................................................................................................................... 102 5.3.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 938-1064) 104 5.3.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS ................................................................................................. 104 5.3.2.2. CATALOGUE ........................................................................................................................ 105 5.3.2.2T . OVOID (TYPE LA): CAT. NO. 938-940 ................................................................... 105 5.3.2.2.2. OVOID WITH BASE (TYPE LB): CAT. NO. 941 .................................................................... 105 5.3.2.2.3. SPHERE (TYPE 7A): CAT. NO. 942-948 .......................................................................... 105 5.3.2.2.4. SPHERE WITH BASE (TYPE 7B): NO. 949-951 ................................................................... 105 5.3.2.2.5. SPHERE WITH TWO BASES (TYPE 7C): NO. 952 ................................................................. 105 5.3.2.2.6. RECTANGULAR FLAT PEBBLE (TYPE 9B): CAT. NO. 953-954 ................................................ 105 5.3.2.2.7. PARALLELEPIPED WITH HOLE (TYPE 16B): CAT. NO. 955-956 ............................................ 105 5.3.2.2.8. ROUNDED FLAT WITH HOLE (TYPE 27): CAT. NO. 957-961 .............................................. 105 5.3.2.2.9. SPHERE PEBBLE (TYPE 9D) : CAT. NO. 962-987 .............................................................. 105 5.3.2.2.10. CYLINDER-SHAPED WITH HOLE (TYPE 1 LB): CAT. NO. 988 .............................................. 106 5.3.2.2.11. EGG-SHAPED (TYPE 15): CAT. NO. 989 ....................................................................... 106 5.3.2.2.12. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16A): CAT. NO. 990-991 .......................................................... 106 5.3.2.2.13. DISCOID (TYPE 17A): CAT. NO. 992-1006 ................................................................... 106 5.3.2.2.14. TERRACOTTA DISCOID (TYPE 17E): CAT. NO. 1007-1013 ................................................ 107 5.3.2.2.15. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 1014 ............................................................................ 107 5.3.2.2.16. HEMISPHERE (TYPE 20A): CAT. NO. 1015 ..................................................................... 107 5.3.2.2.17. TRUNCATED CONE (TYPE 21B): CAT. NO. 1016-1017 ..................................................... 107 5.3.2.2.18. CONE (TYPE 21A): CAT. NO. 1018 ............................................................................... 107 5.3.2.2.19. CLAY SPHENDONOID (TYPE 24): CAT. NO. 1019-1063 ................................................. 107 5.3.2.2.20. DOME-SHAPED (TYPE 25): CAT. NO. 1064 ................................................................ 109 5.3.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES ......................................................................................................... 109 5.4. SHAHR-I SOKHTA ...................................................................................................................... 109 5.4.1. CHRONOLOGIES ...................................................................................................................... ILL 5.4.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 1065-1117) 114 5.4.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS ................................................................................................. 114 5.4.2.2. CATALOGUE ....................................................................................................................... 115 5.4.2.2.I. OVOID (TYPE 1A): CAT. NO. 1065-1072 ........................................................................ 115 5.4.2.2.2. OVOID WITH BASE (TYPE 1B): CAT. NO. 1073-1075 ....................................................... 116 5.4.2.2.4. SPHERE (TYPE 7A): CAT. NO. 1077 ................................................................................ 116 5.4.2.2.4. FLAT PEBBLE IN VARIOUS SHAPES (TYPE 9A): CAT. NO. 1078-1102 ................................... 116 5.4.2.2.5. SPHERE PEBBLE (TYPE 9D): CAT. NO. 1103-1110 .......................................................... 117 5.4.2.2.6. CYLINDER-SHAPED (TYPE 1 LA): CAT. NO. 1111-1112 ..................................................... 117 5.4.2.2.7. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16A): CAT. NO. 1113-1114 ........................................................ 118 5.4.2.2.8. DISCOID (TYPE 17A): CAT. NO. 1115-1116 ................................................................... 118 5.4.2.2.9. IRREGULAR SHAPE (TYPE 23): CAT. NO. 1117 ................................................................... 118 4.1.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES .............................................................................................. 118 5.5. GORGAN PLAIN ......................................................................................................................... 118 5.5.1. CHRONOLOGIES ...................................................................................................................... 119 5.5.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 1118-1120) 120 5.5.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT AND CHRONOLOGY ........................................................................ 120 5.5.2.2. CATALOGUE ....................................................................................................................... 120 5.5.2.2.I. LARGE OVOID WITH PERFORATION (TYPE 1K): CAT. NO. 1118-1119 ................................... 120 5.5.2.2.2. SMALL COLUMN (TYPE 13): CAT. NO. 1120 .................................................................... 120 5.5.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES ......................................................................................................... 120 6 G REATER I NDUS V ALLEY .............................................................................................................. 121 6.1. RAKHIGARHI ............................................................................................................................. 121 6.1.1. CHRONOLOGIES ...................................................................................................................... 122 6.1.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 1121-1135) 122 6.1.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS ................................................................................................ 122 6.1.2.2. CATALOGUE ......................................................................................................................... 122 6.1.2.2.1. SPHERE PEBBLE (TYPE 9D) : CAT. NO. 1121 ..................................................................... 122 6.I.2.2.2. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16A): CAT. NO. 1122 ................................................................... 123 6.I.2.2.3. DISCOID IN TERRACOTTA (TYPE 17E): CAT. NO. 1123-1126 .............................................. 123 6.I.2.2.4. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 1127-1135 .................................................................. 123 6.2. FARMANA .................................................................................................................................. 124 6.2.1. CHRONOLOGIES ....................................................................................................................... 125 6.2.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 1136-1143). 125 6.2.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS .................................................................................................. 125 6. 2.2.2. CATALOGUE ......................................................................................................................... 125 6.2.2.2.I. SPHERE WITH BASE (TYPE 7B): CAT. NO. 1136-1137 ....................................................... 125 6.2.2.2.2. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16A): CAT. NO. 1138-1139 ....................................................... 126 6.2.2.2.3. DISCOID (TYPE 17A): CAT. NO. 1140-1141 ................................................................... 126 6.2.2.2.4. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 1142-1143 ................................................................... 126 6.2.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES .......................................................................................................... 126 6.3. KUNTASI ................................................................................................................................... 126 6.3.1. CHRONOLOGIES ....................................................................................................................... 126 6.3.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND RELATED-FINDS (CAT. NO. 1144-1145).. 127 6.3.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS ................................................................................................. 127 6.3.2.2. CATALOGUE ......................................................................................................................... 127 6.3.2.2.I. DISCOID IN TERRACOTTA (TYPE 17E): CAT. NO. 1144 ......................................................... 127 6.3.2.2.2. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 1145 .............................................................................. 127 4.3.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES .......................................................................................................... 127 6.4. NAGESHWAR .............................................................................................................................. 127 6.4.1. CHRONOLOGIES ....................................................................................................................... 127 6.4.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 1146) ......... 127 6.4.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS ................................................................................................. 127 6.4.2.2. CATALOGUE ........................................................................................................................ 127 6.4.2.2. I. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 1146 ............................................................................. 127 4.4.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES ......................................................................................................... 127 6.5. ................................................................................................................................................ 127 6.5.1. CHRONOLOGIES ....................................................................................................................... 128 6.5.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 1147-1162) 128 6.5.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS ................................................................................................. 128 6.5.2.2. CATALOGUE ........................................................................................................................ 128 6.5.2.2.I. SPHERE WITH BASE (TYPE 7B): CAT. NO. 1147-1148 ....................................................... 128 6.5.2.2.2. SPHERE PEBBLE (TYPE 9D): CAT. NO. 1149-1156 ............................................................ 129 6.5.2.2.3. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16A): CAT. NO. 1157 ................................................................... 129 6.5.2.2.4. DISCOID (TYPE 17A): CAT. NO. 1158 .............................................................................. 129 6.5.2.2.5. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 1159-1161 ................................................................... 129 6.5.2.2.6. CUBOID IN TERRACOTTA (TYPE 18B): CAT. NO. 1162 ......................................................... 129 6.5.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES .......................................................................................................... 129 6.6. SHIKARPUR ............................................................................................................................... 130 6.6.1. CHRONOLOGIES ....................................................................................................................... 130 6.6.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 1163-1169) 130 6.6.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS ................................................................................................. 130 6.6.2.2. CATALOGUE ........................................................................................................................ 131 6.6.2.2.I. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16A): CAT. NO. 1163 ................................................................... 131 6.6.2.2.2. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 1164-1167 ................................................................... 131 6.6.2.2.3. CUBOID IN TERRACOTTA (TYPE 18B): CAT. NO. 1168-1169 .............................................. 131 6.6.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES .......................................................................................................... 131 6.7. BAGASRA ................................................................................................................................... 131 6.7.1. CHRONOLOGIES ....................................................................................................................... 132 6.7.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 1170-1188) 132 6.7.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS ................................................................................................. 132 6.7.2.2. CATALOGUE ........................................................................................................................ 133 6.7.2.2.I. BICONIC (TYPE 12): CAT. NO. 1170-1172 ................................................................... 133 6.7.2.2.3. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 1176-1188 ................................................................. 134 6.7.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES .......................................................................................................... 134 6.8. DHOLAVIRA ............................................................................................................................... 134 6.8.1. CHRONOLOGIES ...................................................................................................................... 134 6.8.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND RELATED-FINDS (CAT. NO. 1189-2058).. 135 6.8.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS ................................................................................................. 136 6.8.2.2. CATALOGUE ........................................................................................................................ 142 6.8.2.2.I. OVOID WITH FLAT ENDS (TYPE 1C): CAT. NO. 1189-1199 ................................................ 142 6.8.2.2.2. OVOID WITH BASE AND FLAT ENDS (TYPE ID): CAT. NO. 1200-1201 .................................. 142 6.8.2.2.3. OVOID WITH TWO BASES AND FLAT ENDS (TYPE 1G): CAT. NO. 1202 .................................. 142 6.8.2.2.4. SHELL-SHAPED (TYPE 4): CAT. NO. 1203 ........................................................................ 142 6.8.2.2.5. SPHERE (TYPE 7A): CAT. NO. 1204 ................................................................................ 142 6.8.2.2.6. SPHERE WITH BASE (TYPE 7B): CAT. NO. 1205-1214 ..................................................... 142 6.8.2.2.7. SPHERE WITH TWO BASES (TYPE 7C): CAT. NO. 1215 ......................................................... 143 6.8.2.2.8. SPHERE PEBBLE (TYPE 9D): CAT. NO. 1216-1217 .......................................................... 143 6.8.2.2.9. CYLINDER-SHAPED (TYPE 11A): CAT. NO. 1218-1284 ..................................................... 143 6.8.2.2.10. SEMI-CYLINDER-SHAPED (TYPE 11C): CAT. NO. 1285-1293 .......................................... 144 6.8.2.2.11. BICONIC (TYPE 12): CAT. NO. 1294-1355 ................................................................. 145 6.8.2.2.12. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16A): CAT. NO. 1356-1505 ....................................................... 146 6.8.2.2.13. DISCOID (TYPE 17A): CAT. NO. 1506-1607 ................................................................. 150 6.8.2.2.14. OCTAGONAL DISCOID (TYPE 17C): CAT. NO. 1608 .......................................................... 153 6.8.2.2.15. DISCOID IN TERRACOTTA (TYPE 17E): CAT. NO. 1609-1649 ............................................ 153 6.8.2.2.16. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 1650-1986 ................................................................. 154 6.8.2.2.17. CUBOID IN TERRACOTTA (TYPE 18B): CAT. NO. 1987-1996 ............................................ 164 6.8.2.2.18. HEMISPHERE (TYPE 20A): CAT. NO. 1997-2005 .......................................................... 164 6.8.2.2.19. TRUNCATED HEMISPHERE (TYPE 20B): CAT. NO. 2006-2015 ....................................... 165 6.8.2.2.20. CONE (TYPE 21A): CAT. NO. 2016 ............................................................................... 165 6.8.2.2.21. TRUNCATED CONE (TYPE 21B): CAT. NO. 2017-2045 ................................................... 165 6.8.2.2.22. PYRAMID-SHAPED (TYPE 22): CAT. NO. 2046-2050 ..................................................... 166 6.8.2.2.23. DOME-SHAPED (TYPE 25): CAT. NO. 2051-2057 ........................................................ 166 6.8.2.2.24. TRAPEZOID-SHAPED (TYPE 26): CAT. NO. 2058 .......................................................... 166 6.8.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES .......................................................................................................... 166 7 C ONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................... 175 APPENDIX J AN T AVERNIER INSCRIBED WEIGHTS .................................................................................................................. 179 B IBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................ 185 P LATES ..............................................................................................................................................215 Contents 1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. The consideration of the historical context ............................................................................. 2 1.2. The possession ofknowledge..................................................................................................... 3 1.3. Handling the artefact ................................................................................................................ 4 1.4. Field presence ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.5. A trans-disciplinary approach................................................................................................... 4 2 Typology............................................................................................................................................. 7 2.1. Ovoid (Type 1)........................................................................................................................... 8 2.2. Duck-shaped (Type 2)................................................................................................................ 9 2.3. Frog-shaped (Type 3)................................................................................................................. 10 2.4. Shell-shaped (Type 4)................................................................................................................. 10 2.5. Fly-shaped (Type 5).................................................................................................................. 10 2.6. Pighead-shaped (Type 6)......................................................................................................... 10 2.7. Sphere (Type 7).......................................................................................................................... 11 2.8. Ellipsoid with base and grooves (Type 8)................................................................................ 11 2.9. Pebble (Type 9)..........................................................................................................................12 2.10. Hand bag-shaped (Type 10).................................................................................................... 12 2.11. Cylinder-shaped (Type 11).................................................................................................... 13 2.12. Biconic (Type 12).................................................................................................................... 14 2.13. Small column (Type 13)......................................................................................................... 14 2.14. Pear-shaped (Type 14)............................................................................................................. 15 2.15. Egg-shaped (Type 15)............................................................................................................. 15 2.16. Parallelepiped (Type 16)......................................................................................................... 15 2.17. Discoid (Type 17).................................................................................................................... 16 2.18. Cuboid (Type 18).................................................................................................................... 17 2.19. ‘Kudurru -shaped (Type 19).................................................................................................... 17 2.20. Hemisphere (Type 20)............................................................................................................. 17 2.21. Cone (Type 21)........................................................................................................................ 18 2.22. Pyramid-shaped (Type 22)...................................................................................................... 18 2.23. Irregular shape (Type 23)........................................................................................................18 2.24. Clay sphendonoid (Type 24).................................................................................................. 18 2.25. Dome-shaped (Type 25)......................................................................................................... 19 2.26. Trapezoid-shaped (Type 26).................................................................................................. 19 2.27. Rounded flat with hole (Type 27)......................................................................................... 19 3 Material........................................................................................................................................... 21 3.1. Agate/carnelian/chalcedony..................................................................................................... 22 3.2. Alabaster.................................................................................................................................... 24 3.3. Basalt.......................................................................................................................................... 24 3.4. Bitumen...................................................................................................................................... 24 3.5. Generic stone............................................................................................................................. 25 3.6. Bronze/copper........................................................................................................................... 25 3.7. Calcite/limestone......................................................................................................................27 3.8. Vesuvianite................................................................................................................................ 27 3.9. Soapstone/softstone/sandstone................................................................................................ 28 3.10. Chert........................................................................................................................................28 3.11. Chiorite/steatite/serpentinite................................................................................................ 28 3.12. Diorite...................................................................................................................................... 29 3.13. Waagenophyllum.................................................................................................................... 29 3.14. Gabbro...................................................................................................................................... 30 3.15. Granite...................................................................................................................................... 30 3.16. Gypsum.................................................................................................................................... 30 3.17. Hematite.................................................................................................................................. 30 3.18. Hornblende............................................................................................................................. 31 3.19. Jasper........................................................................................................................................31 3.20. Marble...................................................................................................................................... 31 3.21. Olivine...................................................................................................................................... 31 3.22. Quartz...................................................................................................................................... 31 3.23. Schist........................................................................................................................................ 31 3.24. Shell..........................................................................................................................................31 3.25. Siltstone.................................................................................................................................... 32 3.26. Terracotta................................................................................................................................ 32 3.27. Clay..........................................................................................................................................33 4 SUSIANA AND LOWER MESOPOTAMIA................................................................................................................ 35 4.1. Susa............................................................................................................................................. 35 4.1.1. Chronologies........................................................................................................................... 36 4.1.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 1-746)........ 39 4.1.2.1. Archaeological contexts..................................................................................................... 41 4.1.2.2. Catalogue............................................................................................................................. 43 4.1.2.2.1. Ovoid (Type la): Cat. no.1-244..................................................................................... 43 4.1.2.2.2. Ovoid with base (Type 1 b) : Cat. no. 245-263.............................................................. 49 4.1.2.2.3. Ovoid with flat ends (Type lc): Cat. no. 264-482........................................................ 50 4.1.2.2.4. Ovoid with base and flat ends (Type Id): Cat. no. 483-508 ...................................... 55 4.1.2.2.5. Ovoid with one flat end (Type le): Cat. no. 509-515................................................. 56 4.1.2.2.6. Ovoid with two bases and flat ends (Type lg): Cat. no. 516........................................ 56 4.1.2.2.7. Ovoid with four bases (Type lh): Cat. no. 517-518..................................................... 57 4.1.2.2.8. Ovoid with hole (Type li): Cat. no. 519-527................................................................57 4.1.2.2.9. Irregular ovoid (Type Ik): Cat. no. 528-530 ................................................................ 57 4.1.2.2.10. Duck-shaped (Type 2): Cat. no. 531-617..................................................................... 57 4.1.2.2.11. Frog-shaped (Type 3): Cat. no. 618-619....................................................................... 60 4.1.2.2.12. Shell-shaped (Type 4): Cat. no. 620-627..................................................................... 60 4.1.2.2.13. Pighead-shaped (Type 6): Cat. no. 628-630............................................................... 60 4.1.2.2.14. Sphere (Type 7a): Cat. no. 631-636............................................................................ 60 4.1.2.2.15. Sphere with base (Type 7b): Cat. no. 637-638............................................................ 60 4.1.2.2.16. Ellipsoid with base and grooves (Type 8): Cat. no. 639-658...................................... 60 4.1.2.2.17. Ovoid/discoid pebble (Type 9c): Cat. no. 659-679................................................... 61 4.1.2.2.18. Cylinder-shaped (Type 1 la): Cat. no. 680-687.......................................................... 62 4.1.2.2.19. Biconic (Type 12): Cat. no. 688................................................................................... 62 4.1.2.2.20. Egg-shaped (Type 15): Cat. no. 689 .......................................................................... 62 4.1.2.2.21. Parallelepiped (Type 16a): Cat. no. 690-691.............................................................. 62 4.1.2.2.22. Discoid (Type 17a): Cat. no. 692-694......................................................................... 62 4.1.2.2.23. Discoid with hole (Type 17b): Cat. no. 695 .............................................................. 62 4.1.2.2.24. Octagonal discoid (Type 17c): Cat. no. 696............................................................... 62 4.1.2.2.25. Irregular discoid (Type 17d): Cat. no. 697................................................................. 63 4.1.2.2.26. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no. 698-700......................................................................... 63 4.1.2.2.27. Hemisphere (Type 20a): Cat. no. 701-719................................................................. 63 4.1.2.2.28. Cone (Type 21a): Cat. no. 720-728............................................................................ 63 4.1.2.2.29. Truncated cone (Type 21b): Cat. no. 729-731............................................................ 64 4.1.2.2.30. Pyramid-shaped (Type 22): Cat. no. 732................................................................... 64 4.1.2.2.31. Irregular shape (Type 23): Cat. no. 733-746.............................................................. 64 4.1.2.3. Metrological notes...............................................................................................................64 4.2. Choga Zanbil/Dûr-Untas......................................................................................................... 73 4.2.1. Chronologies........................................................................................................................... 73 4.2.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 747-750)... 73 4.2.2.1. Archaeological contexts..................................................................................................... 73 4.2.2.2. Catalogue............................................................................................................................. 73 4.2.2.2.1. Ovoid with base (Type 1 b) : Cat. no. 747-748.............................................................. 73 4.2.2.2.2. Ovoid with flat ends (Type 1c): Cat. no. 749................................................................ 74 4.2.2.2.3. Ovoid with base and flat ends (Type Id): Cat. no. 750............................................... 74 4.2.2.3. Metrological notes.............................................................................................................. 74 4.3. Djaffarabad................................................................................................................................. 74 4.3.1. Chronologies........................................................................................................................... 74 4.3.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 751-752)... 74 4.3.2.1. Archaeological contexts..................................................................................................... 74 4.3.2.2. Catalogue............................................................................................................................. 74 4.3.2.2.1. Sphere (Type 7a): Cat. no. 751-752.............................................................................. 74 4.4. Larsa/Tell es-Sinkara............................................................................................................... 75 4.4.1. Chronologies.......................................................................................................................... 75 4.4.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 753-759)... 76 4.4.2.1. Archaeological contexts.................................................................................................... 76 4.4.2.2. Catalogue............................................................................................................................ ՜Ո 4.4.2.2.1. Ovoid with flat ends (Type 1c): Cat. no. 753-757...................................................... 77 4.4.2.2.2. Duck-shaped (Type2): Cat. no. 758-759...................................................................... 77 4.4.2.3. Metrological notes............................................................................................................. 77 4.5. Girsu/Telloh.............................................................................................................................. 77 4.5.1. Chronologies.......................................................................................................................... 77 4.5.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 760-873)... 78 4.5.2.1. Archaeological contexts.....................................................................................................78 4.5.2.2. Catalogue............................................................................................................................ 79 4.5.2.2.1. Ovoid (Type la): Cat. no.760-814.............................................................................. 79 4.5.2.2.2. Ovoid with base (Type lb): Cat. no. 815-822........................................................... 80 4.5.2.2.3. Ovoid with flat ends (Type 1c): Cat. no. 823-843...................................................... 80 4.5.2.2.4. Ovoid with base and flat ends (Type Id): Cat. no. 844............................................. 81 4.5.2.2.5. Ovoid with two bases (Type If): Cat. no. 845.............................................................81 4.5.2.2.6. Duck-shaped (Type 2): Cat. no.846-855..................................................................... 81 4.5.2.2.7. Sphere (Type 7a): Cat. no. 856...................................................................................... 82 4.5.2.2.8. Cylinder-shaped (Type 1 la): Cat. no. 857-861........................................................... 82 4.5.2.2.9. Egg-shaped (Type 15): Cat. no. 862-868...................................................................... 82 4.5.2.2.10. Parallelepiped (Type 16a): Cat. no. 869-870............................................................. 82 4.5.2.2.11. Hemisphere (Type 20a): Cat. no. 871..........................................................................82 4.5.2.2.12. Cone (Type 21a): Cat. no. 872.................................................................................... 82 4.5.2.2.13. Truncated cone (Type 21b): Cat. no. 873 ................................................................. 82 4.5.2.3. Metrological notes.............................................................................................................. 82 4.6. Tell Ingharra/Kish..................................................................................................................... 84 4.6.1. Chronologies........................................................................................................................... 85 4.6.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 874-886)... 85 4.6.2.1. Archaeological contexts..................................................................................................... 85 4.6.2.2. Catalogue.............................................................................................................................86 4.6.2.2.1. Ovoid with flat ends (Type 1c): Cat. no. 874-878........................................................86 4.6.2.2.2. Duck-shaped (Type 2): Cat. no. 879-883..................................................................... 86 4.6.2.2.3. Frog-shaped (Type 3): Cat. no. 884............................................................................... 86 4.6.2.2.4. Shell-shaped (Type 4): Cat. no. 885.............................................................................. 86 4.6.2.2.5. Fly-shaped (Type 5): Cat. no. 886................................................................................. 86 4.6.2.3. Metrological notes.............................................................................................................. 87 4.7. Tell Muqayar/Ur....................................................................................................................... 87 4.7.1. Chronologies........................................................................................................................... 87 4.7.2. Weight (Cat. no. 887)........................................................................................................... 88 4.7.2.1. Archaeological contexts..................................................................................................... 88 4.7.2.2. Catalogue............................................................................................................................. 89 4.7.2.2.1. ‘Kudurru’-shaped (Type 19): Cat. no. 887.....................................................................89 5 Iranian Highlands....................................................................................................................... 91 5.1. Jiroft valley................................................................................................................................ 91 5.1.1. Chronologies........................................................................................................................... 92 5.1.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 888-932)... 94 5.1.2.1. Archaeological contexts..................................................................................................... 96 5.1.2.2. Catalogue.............................................................................................................................96 5.1.2.2.1. Hand bag-shaped (Type 10): Cat.no. 888-929............................................................. 96 5.1.2.2.2. Small column (Type 13): Cat. no.930-931.................................................................... 97 5.1.2.2.3. Pear-shaped (Type 14): Cat. no. 932.............................................................................. 97 5.1.2.3. Metrological notes.............................................................................................................. 97 5.2. Konar Sandal...........................................................................................................................100 5.2.1. Chronologies......................................................................................................................... 100 5.2.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 933-937). .101 5.2.2.1. Archaeological contexts................................................................................................... 101 5.2.2.2. Catalogue........................................................................................................................... 101 5.2.2.2.1. Sphere (Type 7a): Cat. no. 933 ..................................................................................... 101 5.2.2.2.2. Sphere with base (Type 7b): Cat. no. 934..................................................................... 101 5.2.2.2.3. Cylinder-shaped (Type Ila): Cat. no. 935................................................................... 101 5.2.2.2.4. Discoid (Type 17a): Cat. no. 936..................................................................................101 5.2.2.2.5. Hemisphere (Type 20a): Cat. no. 937......................................................................... 101 5.2.2.3. Metrological notes............................................................................................................. 101 5.3. Tepe Yahya................................................................................................................................. 101 5.3.1. Chronologies..........................................................................................................................102 5.3.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 938-1064) 104 5.3.2.1. Archaeological contexts....................................................................................................104 5.3.2.2. Catalogue........................................................................................................................... 105 5.3.2.2.1. Ovoid (Type la): Cat. no. 938-940.............................................................................. 105 5.3.2.2.2. Ovoid with base (Type lb): Cat. no. 941..................................................................... 105 5.3.2.2.3. Sphere (Type 7a): Cat. no. 942-948............................................................................ 105 5.3.2.2.4. Sphere with base (Type 7b): no. 949-951 ................................................................... 105 5.3.2.2.5. Sphere with two bases (Type 7c): no. 952................................................................... 105 5.3.2.2.6. Rectangular flat pebble (Type 9b): Cat. no. 953-954 ............................................... 105 5.3.2.2.7. Parallelepiped with hole (Type 16b): Cat. no. 955-956 ............................................ 105 5.3.2.2.8. Rounded flat with hole (Type 27): Cat. no. 957-961 ............................................... 105 5.3.2.2.9. Sphere pebble (Type 9d): Cat. no. 962-987................................................................ 105 5.3.2.2.10. Cylinder-shaped with hole (Type lib): Cat. no. 988 ............................................. 106 5.3.2.2.11. Egg-shaped (Type 15): Cat. no. 989 ......................................................................... 106 5.3.2.2.12. Parallelepiped (Type 16a): Cat. no. 990-991............................................................ 106 5.3.2.2.13. Discoid (Type 17a): Cat. no. 992-1006 ................................................................... 106 5.3.2.2.14. Terracotta discoid (Type 17e): Cat. no. 1007-1013................................................. 107 5.3.2.2.15. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no. 1014.............................................................................. 107 5.3.2.2.16. Hemisphere (Type 20a): Cat. no. 1015....................................................................... 107 5.3.2.2.17. Truncated cone (Type 21b): Cat. no. 1016-1017...................................................... 107 5.3.2.2.18. Cone (Type 21a): Cat. no. 1018..................................................................................107 5.3.2.2.19. Clay sphcndonoid (Type 24): Cat. no. 1019-1063 ................................................. 107 5.3.2.2.20. Dome-shaped (Type 25): Cat. no. 1064................................................................... 109 5.3.2.3. Metrological notes..................................................................................................... 109 5.4. Shahr-i Sokhta......................................................................................................................... 109 5.4.1. Chronologies..........................................................................................................................Ill 5.4.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 1065-1117) 114 5.4.2.1. Archaeological contexts....................................................................................................114 5.4.2.2. Catalogue........................................................................................................................... 115 5.4.2.2.1. Ovoid (Type la): Cat. no. 1065-1072......................................................................... 115 5.4.2.2.2. Ovoid with base (Type lb): Cat. no. 1073-1075 ...................................................... 116 5.4.2.2.4. Sphere (Type 7a): Cat. no. 1077................................................................................... 116 5.4.2.2.4. Flat pebble in various shapes (Type 9a): Cat. no. 1078-1102.................................... 116 5.4.2.2.5. Sphere pebble (Type 9d): Cat. no. 1103-1110............................................................ 117 5.4.2.2.6. Cylinder-shaped (Type 1 la): Cat. no. 1111-1112...................................................... 117 5.4.2.2.7. Parallelepiped (Type 16a): Cat. no. 1113-1114.......................................................... 118 5.4.2.2.8. Discoid (Type 17a): Cat. no. 1115-1116..................................................................... 118 5.4.2.2.9. Irregular shape (Type 23): Cat. no. 1117..................................................................... 118 4.1.2.3. Metrological notes................................................................................................. 118 5.5. Gorgan plain............................................................................................................................. 118 5.5.1. Chronologies......................................................................................................................... 119 5.5.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 1118-1120) 120 5.5.2.1. Archaeological context and chronology...........................................................................120 5.5.2.2. Catalogue........................................................................................................................... 120 5.5.2.2.1. Large ovoid with perforation (Type Ik): Cat. no. 1118-1119.................................... 120 5.5.2.2.2. Small column (Type 13): Cat. no. 1120....................................................................... 120 5.5.2.3. Metrological notes............................................................................................................. 120 6 Greater Indus Valley.................................................................................................................. 121 6.1. Rakhigarhi.................................................................................................................................121 6.1.1. Chronologies......................................................................................................................... 122 6.1.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 1121-1135) 122 6.1.2.1. Archaeological contexts....................................................................................................122 6.1.2.2. Catalogue........................................................................................................................... 122 6.1.2.2.1. Sphere pebble (Type 9d): Cat. no. 1121...................................................................... 122 6.1.2.2.2. Parallelepiped (Type 16a): Cat. no. 1122.................................................................... 123 6.1.2.2.3. Discoid in terracotta (Type 17e): Cat. no. 1123-1126.............................................. 123 6.1.2.2.4. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no. 1127-1135 ................................................................... 123 6.2. Farmana.................................................................................................................................... 124 6.2.1. Chronologies......................................................................................................................... 125 6.2.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 1136-1143). 125 6.2.2.1. Archaeological contexts................................................................................................... 125 6.2.2.2. Catalogue........................................................................................................................... 125 6.2.2.2.1. Sphere with base (Type 7b): Cat. no. 1136-1137....................................................... 125 6.2.2.2.2. Parallelepiped (Type 16a): Cat. no. 1138-1139 ........................................................ 126 6.2.2.2.3. Discoid (Type 17a): Cat. no. 1140-1141................................................................... 126 6.2.2.2.4. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no. 1142-1143 ................................................................... 126 6.2.2.3. Metrological notes.............................................................................................................126 6.3. Kuntasi...................................................................................................................................... 126 6.3.1. Chronologies......................................................................................................................... 126 6.3.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and related-finds (Cat. no. 1144-1145).. 127 6.3.2.1. Archaeological contexts................................................................................................... 127 6.3.2.2. Catalogue........................................................................................................................... 127 6. Յ.2.2.1. Discoid in terracotta (Type 17e): Cat. no. 1144..................................................... 127 6. 3.2.2.2. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no.1145............................................................................. 127 4. 3.2.3. Metrological notes........................................................................................................ 127 6.4. Nageshwar................................................................................................................................ 127 6.4.1. Chronologies......................................................................................................................... 127 6.4.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 1146)......... 127 6.4.2.1. Archaeological contexts................................................................................................... 127 6.4.2.2. Catalogue........................................................................................................................... 127 6.4.2.2. 1. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no.1146............................................................................. 127 4.4.2.3. Metrological notes.............................................................................................................127 6.5. Nagwada.................................................................................................................................. 127 6.5.1. Chronologies......................................................................................................................... 128 6.5.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 1147-1162) 128 6.5.2.1. Archaeological contexts................................................................................................... 128 6.5.2.2. Catalogue........................................................................................................................... 128 6.5.2.2.1. Sphere with base (Type 7b): Cat. no. 1147-1148........................................................ 128 6.5.2.2.2. Sphere pebble (Type 9d): Cat. no. 1149-1156 .......................................................... 129 6.5.2.2.3. Parallelepiped (Type 16a): Cat. no. 1157.................................................................... 129 6.5.2.2.4. Discoid (Type 17a): Cat. no. 1158............................................................................... 129 6.5.2.2.5. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no. 1159-1161 .....................................................................129 6.5.2.2.6. Cuboid in terracotta (Type 18b): Cat. no. 1162.......................................................... 129 6.5.2.3. Metrological notes.............................................................................................................129 6.6. Shikarpur.................................................................................................................................. 130 6.6.1. Chronologies......................................................................................................................... 130 6.6.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 1163-1169) 130 6.6.2.1. Archaeological contexts................................................................................................... 130 6.6.2.2. Catalogue........................................................................................................................... 131 6.6.2.2.1. Parallelepiped (Type 16a): Cat. no. 1163.....................................................................131 6.6.2.2.2. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no. 1164-1167.....................................................................131 6.6.2.2.3. Cuboid in terracotta (Type 18b): Cat. no. 1168-1169............................................... 131 6.6.2.3. Metrological notes.............................................................................................................131 6.7. Bagasra...................................................................................................................................... 131 6.7.1. Chronologies......................................................................................................................... 132 6.7.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 1170-1188) 132 6.7.2.1. Archaeological contexts................................................................................................... 132 6.7.2.2. Catalogue........................................................................................................................... 133 6.7.2.2.1. Biconic (Type 12): Cat. no. 1170-1172 ..................................................................... 133 6.7.2.2.3. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no. 1176-1188 ................................................................... 134 6.7.2.3. Metrological notes.............................................................................................................134 6.8. Dholavira.................................................................................................................................. 134 6.8.1. Chronologies......................................................................................................................... 134 6.8.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and related-finds (Cat. no. 1189-2058).. 135 6.8.2.1. Archaeological contexts................................................................................................ 136 6.8.2.2. Catalogue...................................................................................................................... 142 6.8.2.2.1. Ovoid with flat ends (Type 1c): Cat. no. 1189-1199............................................... 142 6.8.2.2.2. Ovoid with base and flat ends (Type Id): Cat. no. 1200-1201................................. 142 6.8.2.2.3. Ovoid with two bases and flat ends (Type 1g): Cat. no. 1202................................. 142 6.8.2.2.4. Shell-shaped (Type 4): Cat. no. 1203........................................................................ 142 6.8.2.2.5. Sphere (Type 7a): Cat. no. 1204.............................................................................. 142 6.8.2.2.6. Sphere with base (Type 7b): Cat. no. 1205-1214.................................................... 142 6.8.2.2.7. Sphere with two bases (Type 7c): Cat. no. 1215........................................................ 143 6.8.2.2.8. Sphere pebble (Type 9d): Cat. no. 1216-1217......................................................... 143 6.8.2.2.9. Cylinder-shaped (Type Ila): Cat. no. 1218-1284.................................................... 143 6.8.2.2.10. Semi-cylinder-shaped (Type 11c): Cat. no. 128 5-1293..........................................144 6.8.2.2.11. Biconic (Type 12): Cat. no. 1294-1355 ................................................................ 145 6.8.2.2.12. Parallelepiped (Type 16a): Cat. no. 1356-1505...................................................... 146 6.8.2.2.13. Discoid (Type 17a): Cat. no. 1506-1607................................................................ 150 6.8.2.2.14. Octagonal discoid (Type 17c): Cat. no. 1608......................................................... 153 6.8.2.2.15. Discoid in terracotta (Type 17e): Cat. no. 1609-1649........................................... 153 6.8.2.2.16. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no. 1650-1986 ............................................................... 154 6.8.2.2.17. Cuboid in terracotta (Type 18b): Cat. no. 1987-1996.......................................... 164 6.8.2.2.18. Hemisphere (Type 20a): Cat. no. 1997-2005......................................................... 164 6.8.2.2.19. Truncated hemisphere (Type 20b): Cat. no. 2006-2015........................................ 165 6.8.2.2.20. Cone (Type 21a): Cat. no. 2016.............................................................................. 165 6.8.2.2.21. Truncated cone (Type 21b): Cat. no. 2017-2045................................................... 165 6.8.2.2.22. Pyramid-shaped (Type 22): Cat. no. 2046-2050.................................................... 166 6.8.2.2.23. Dome-shaped (Type 25): Cat. no. 2051-2057........................................................166 6.8.2.2.24. Trapezoid-shaped (Type 26): Cat. no. 2058 .......................................................... 166 6.8.2.3. Metrological notes........................................................................................................ 166 7 Conclusions............................................................................................................................. 175 Appendix Jan Tavernier Inscribed weights................................................................................................................. 179 Bibliography.............................................................................................................................. 185 Plates............................................................................................................................................ 215
adam_txt	CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1. THE CONSIDERATION OF THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT . 2 1.2. THE POSSESSION OF KNOWLEDGE . 3 1.3. HANDLING THE ARTEFACT . 4 1.4. FIELD PRESENCE . 4 1.5. A TRANS-DISCIPLINARY APPROACH . 4 2 T YPOLOGY . 7 2.1. OVOID (TYPE 1) . 8 2.2. DUCK-SHAPED (TYPE 2) . 9 2.3. FROG-SHAPED (TYPE 3) . 10 2.4. SHELL-SHAPED (TYPE 4) . 10 2.5. FLY-SHAPED (TYPE 5) . 10 2.6. PIGHEAD-SHAPED (TYPE 6) . 10 2.7. SPHERE (TYPE 7) . 11 2.8. ELLIPSOID WITH BASE AND GROOVES (TYPE 8) . 11 2.9. PEBBLE (TYPE 9) . 12 2.10. HAND BAG-SHAPED (TYPE 10) . 12 2.11. CYLINDER-SHAPED (TYPE 11) . 13 2.12. BICONIC (TYPE 12) . 14 2.13. SMALL COLUMN (TYPE 13) . 14 2.14. PEAR-SHAPED (TYPE 14) . 15 2.15. EGG-SHAPED (TYPE 15) . 15 2.16. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16) . 15 2.17. DISCOID (TYPE 17) . 16 2.18. CUBOID (TYPE 18) . 17 2.19. ' KUDURRU ' -SHAPED (TYPE 19) . 17 2.20. HEMISPHERE (TYPE 20) . 17 2.21. CONE (TYPE 21) . 18 2.22. PYRAMID-SHAPED (TYPE 22) . 18 2.23. IRREGULAR SHAPE (TYPE 23) . 18 2.24. CLAY SPHENDONOID (TYPE 24) . 18 2.25. DOME-SHAPED (TYPE 25) . 19 2.26. TRAPEZOID-SHAPED (TYPE 26) . 19 2.27. ROUNDED FLAT WITH HOLE (TYPE 27) . 19 3 M ATERIAL . 21 3.1. AGATE/CARNELIAN/CHALCEDONY . 22 3.2. ALABASTER . 24 3.3. BASALT . 24 3.4. BITUMEN . 24 3.5. GENERIC STONE . 25 3.6. BRONZE/COPPER . 25 3.7. CALCITE/LIMESTONE . 27 3.8. VESUVIANITE . 27 3.9. . 28 3.10. CHERT . 28 3.11. CHLORITE/STEATITE/SERPENTINITE . 28 3.12. DIORITE .29 3.13. WAAGENOPHYLLUM .29 3.14. GABBRO .30 3.15. GRANITE .30 3.16. GYPSUM . 30 3.17. HEMATITE . 30 3.18. HORNBLENDE . 31 3.19. JASPER . 31 3.20. MARBLE . 31 3.21. OLIVINE . 31 3.22. QUARTZ . 31 3.23. SCHIST . 31 3.24. SHELL . 31 3.25. SILTSTONE . 32 3.26. TERRACOTTA . 32 3.27. CLAY . 33 4 SUSIANA AND LOWER MESOPOTAMIA . 35 4.1. SUSA . 35 4.1.1. CHRONOLOGIES .36 4.1.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 1-746) . 39 4.1.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS . 41 4.1.2.2. CATALOGUE . 43 4.1.2.2.1. OVOID (TYPE LA): CAT. NO. 1-244 . 43 4.I.2.2.2. OVOID WITH BASE (TYPE 1B): CAT. NO. 245-263 . 49 4.I.2.2.3. OVOID WITH FLAT ENDS (TYPE 1C): CAT. NO. 264-482 . 50 4.1.2.2.4. OVOID WITH BASE AND FLAT ENDS (TYPE ID): CAT. NO. 483-508 . 55 4.I.2.2.5. OVOID WITH ONE FLAT END (TYPE LE): CAT. NO. 509-515 . 56 4.I.2.2.6. OVOID WITH TWO BASES AND FLAT ENDS (TYPE 1G): CAT. NO. 516 . 56 4.I.2.2.7. OVOID WITH FOUR BASES (TYPE IH): CAT. NO. 517-518 . 57 4.1.2.2.8. OVOID WITH HOLE (TYPE LI): CAT. NO. 519-527 . 57 4.1.2.2.9. IRREGULAR OVOID (TYPE 1K): CAT. NO. 528-530 . 57 4.1.2.2.10. DUCK-SHAPED (TYPE 2): CAT. NO. 531-617 . 57 4.1.2.2.11. FROG-SHAPED (TYPE 3): CAT. NO. 618-619 . 60 4.1.2.2.12. SHELL-SHAPED (TYPE 4): CAT. NO. 620-627 .60 4.1.2.2.13. PIGHEAD-SHAPED (TYPE 6): CAT. NO. 628-630 . 60 4.1.2.2.14. SPHERE (TYPE 7A): CAT. NO. 631-636 . 60 4.1.2.2.15. SPHERE WITH BASE (TYPE 7B): CAT. NO. 637-638 .60 4.1.2.2.16. ELLIPSOID WITH BASE AND GROOVES (TYPE 8): CAT. NO. 639-658 . 60 4.1.2.2.17. OVOID/DISCOID PEBBLE (TYPE 9C): CAT. NO. 659-679 . 61 4.1.2.2.18. CYLINDER-SHAPED (TYPE 11A): CAT. NO. 680-687 .62 4.1.2.2.19. BICONIC (TYPE 12): CAT. NO. 688 .62 4.1.2.2.20. EGG-SHAPED (TYPE 15): CAT. NO. 689 .62 4.1.2.2.21. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16A): CAT. NO. 690-691 . 62 4.1.2.2.22. DISCOID (TYPE 17A): CAT. NO. 692-694 . 62 4.1.2.2.23. DISCOID WITH HOLE (TYPE 17B): CAT. NO. 695 .62 4.1.2.2.24. OCTAGONAL DISCOID (TYPE 17C): CAT. NO. 696 .62 4.1.2.2.25. IRREGULAR DISCOID (TYPE 17D): CAT. NO. 697 . 63 4.1.2.2.26. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 698-700 . 63 4.1.2.2.27. HEMISPHERE (TYPE 20A): CAT. NO. 701-719 . 63 4.1.2.2.28. CONE (TYPE 21A): CAT. NO. 720-728 . 63 4.1.2.2.29. TRUNCATED CONE (TYPE 21B): CAT. NO. 729-731 . 64 4.1.2.2.30. PYRAMID-SHAPED (TYPE 22): CAT. NO. 732 . 64 4.1.2.2.31. IRREGULAR SHAPE (TYPE 23): CAT. NO. 733-746 . 64 4.1.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES . 64 4.2. CHOGA ZANBIL/DUR-UNTAS .73 4.2.1. CHRONOLOGIES .73 4.2.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 747-750). 73 4.2.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS .73 4.2.2.2. CATALOGUE .73 4.2.2.2.I. OVOID WITH BASE (TYPE 1B): CAT. NO. 747-748 . 73 4.2.2.2.2. OVOID WITH FLAT ENDS (TYPE 1C): CAT. NO. 749 . 74 4.2.2.2.3. OVOID WITH BASE AND FLAT ENDS (TYPE ID): CAT. NO. 750 . 74 4.2.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES . 74 4.3. DJAFFARABAD . 74 4.3.1. CHRONOLOGIES . 74 4.3.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 751-752). 74 4.3.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS . 74 4.3.2.2. CATALOGUE . 74 4.3.2.2.1. SPHERE (TYPE 7A): CAT. NO. 751-752 . 4.4. LARSA/TELL ES-SINKARA .75 4.4.1. CHRONOLOGIES . 75 4.4.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 753-759). 76 4.4.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS . 76 4.4.2.2. CATALOGUE . 77 4.4.2.2.I. OVOID WITH FLAT ENDS (TYPE 1C): CAT. NO. 753-757 . 77 4.4.2.2.2. DUCK-SHAPED (TYPE 2): CAT. NO. 758-759 . 77 4.4.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES . 77 4.5. GIRSU/TELLOH . 77 4.5.1. CHRONOLOGIES . 77 4.5.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 760-873). 78 4.5.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS . 78 4.5.2.2. CATALOGUE . 79 4.5.2.2.I. OVOID (TYPE LA): CAT. NO. 760-814 . 79 4.5.2.2.2. OVOID WITH BASE (TYPE 1B): CAT. NO. 815-822 . 80 4.5.2.2.3. OVOID WITH FLAT ENDS (TYPE 1C): CAT. NO. 823-843 . 80 4.5.2.2.4. OVOID WITH BASE AND FLAT ENDS (TYPE ID): CAT. NO. 844 . 81 4.5.2.2.5. OVOID WITH TWO BASES (TYPE IF): CAT. NO. 845 . 81 4.5.2.2.6. DUCK-SHAPED (TYPE 2): CAT. NO. 846-855 . 81 . 4.5.2.2.7. SPHERE (TYPE 7A): CAT. NO. 856 . 82 4.5.2.2.8. CYLINDER-SHAPED (TYPE 11A): CAT. NO. 857-861 . 82 4.5.2.2.9. EGG-SHAPED (TYPE 15): CAT. NO. 862-868 . 82 4.5.2.2.10. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16A): CAT. NO. 869-870 . 82 4.5.2.2.11. HEMISPHERE (TYPE 20A): CAT. NO. 871 . 82 4.5.2.2.12. CONE (TYPE 21A): CAT. NO. 872 . 82 4.5.2.2.13. TRUNCATED CONE (TYPE 21B): CAT. NO. 873 . 82 4.5.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES . 82 4.6. TELL INGHARRA/KISH .84 4.6.1. CHRONOLOGIES . 85 4.6.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 874-886). 85 4.6.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS . 85 4.6.2.2. CATALOGUE . 86 4.6.2.2.I. OVOID WITH FLAT ENDS (TYPE 1C): CAT. NO. 874-878 . 86 4.6.2.2.2. DUCK-SHAPED (TYPE 2): CAT. NO. 879-883 . 86 4.6.2.2.3. FROG-SHAPED (TYPE 3): CAT. NO. 884 . 86 4.6.2.2.4. SHELL-SHAPED (TYPE 4): CAT. NO. 885 . 86 4.6.2.2.5. FLY-SHAPED (TYPE 5): CAT. NO. 886 . 86 4.6.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES . 87 4.7. TELL MUQAYAR/UR . 87 4.7.1. CHRONOLOGIES . 87 4.7.2. WEIGHT (CAT. NO. 887) . 88 4.7.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS . 88 4.7.2.2. CATALOGUE . 89 4.7.2.2.I. ' KUDURRU ' -SHAPED (TYPE 19): CAT. NO. 887 . 89 5 I RANIAN H IGHLANDS . 91 5.1. JIROFT VALLEY . 91 5.1.1. CHRONOLOGIES .92 5.1.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 888-932). 94 5.1.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS .96 5.1.2.2. CATALOGUE . 96 5.1.2.2.1. HAND BAG-SHAPED (TYPE 10): CAT. NO. 888-929 . 96 5.I.2.2.2. SMALL COLUMN (TYPE 13): CAT. NO. 930-931 . 97 5.1.2.2.3. PEAR-SHAPED (TYPE 14): CAT. NO. 932 . 97 5.1.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES . 97 5.2. KONAR SANDAL . 100 5.2.1. CHRONOLOGIES . 100 5.2.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 933-937). .101 5.2.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS . 101 5.2.2.2. CATALOGUE . 101 5.2.2.2.I. SPHERE (TYPE 7A): CAT. NO. 933 . 101 5.2.2.2.2. SPHERE WITH BASE (TYPE 7B): CAT. NO. 934 . 101 5.2.2.2.3. CYLINDER-SHAPED (TYPE ILA): CAT. NO. 935 . 101 5.2.2.2.4. DISCOID (TYPE 17A): CAT. NO. 936 . 101 5.2.2.2.5. HEMISPHERE (TYPE 20A): CAT. NO. 937 . 101 5.2.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES . 101 5.3. TEPE YAHYA . 101 5.3.1. CHRONOLOGIES . 102 5.3.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 938-1064) 104 5.3.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS . 104 5.3.2.2. CATALOGUE . 105 5.3.2.2T . OVOID (TYPE LA): CAT. NO. 938-940 . 105 5.3.2.2.2. OVOID WITH BASE (TYPE LB): CAT. NO. 941 . 105 5.3.2.2.3. SPHERE (TYPE 7A): CAT. NO. 942-948 . 105 5.3.2.2.4. SPHERE WITH BASE (TYPE 7B): NO. 949-951 . 105 5.3.2.2.5. SPHERE WITH TWO BASES (TYPE 7C): NO. 952 . 105 5.3.2.2.6. RECTANGULAR FLAT PEBBLE (TYPE 9B): CAT. NO. 953-954 . 105 5.3.2.2.7. PARALLELEPIPED WITH HOLE (TYPE 16B): CAT. NO. 955-956 . 105 5.3.2.2.8. ROUNDED FLAT WITH HOLE (TYPE 27): CAT. NO. 957-961 . 105 5.3.2.2.9. SPHERE PEBBLE (TYPE 9D) : CAT. NO. 962-987 . 105 5.3.2.2.10. CYLINDER-SHAPED WITH HOLE (TYPE 1 LB): CAT. NO. 988 . 106 5.3.2.2.11. EGG-SHAPED (TYPE 15): CAT. NO. 989 . 106 5.3.2.2.12. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16A): CAT. NO. 990-991 . 106 5.3.2.2.13. DISCOID (TYPE 17A): CAT. NO. 992-1006 . 106 5.3.2.2.14. TERRACOTTA DISCOID (TYPE 17E): CAT. NO. 1007-1013 . 107 5.3.2.2.15. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 1014 . 107 5.3.2.2.16. HEMISPHERE (TYPE 20A): CAT. NO. 1015 . 107 5.3.2.2.17. TRUNCATED CONE (TYPE 21B): CAT. NO. 1016-1017 . 107 5.3.2.2.18. CONE (TYPE 21A): CAT. NO. 1018 . 107 5.3.2.2.19. CLAY SPHENDONOID (TYPE 24): CAT. NO. 1019-1063 . 107 5.3.2.2.20. DOME-SHAPED (TYPE 25): CAT. NO. 1064 . 109 5.3.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES . 109 5.4. SHAHR-I SOKHTA . 109 5.4.1. CHRONOLOGIES . ILL 5.4.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 1065-1117) 114 5.4.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS . 114 5.4.2.2. CATALOGUE . 115 5.4.2.2.I. OVOID (TYPE 1A): CAT. NO. 1065-1072 . 115 5.4.2.2.2. OVOID WITH BASE (TYPE 1B): CAT. NO. 1073-1075 . 116 5.4.2.2.4. SPHERE (TYPE 7A): CAT. NO. 1077 . 116 5.4.2.2.4. FLAT PEBBLE IN VARIOUS SHAPES (TYPE 9A): CAT. NO. 1078-1102 . 116 5.4.2.2.5. SPHERE PEBBLE (TYPE 9D): CAT. NO. 1103-1110 . 117 5.4.2.2.6. CYLINDER-SHAPED (TYPE 1 LA): CAT. NO. 1111-1112 . 117 5.4.2.2.7. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16A): CAT. NO. 1113-1114 . 118 5.4.2.2.8. DISCOID (TYPE 17A): CAT. NO. 1115-1116 . 118 5.4.2.2.9. IRREGULAR SHAPE (TYPE 23): CAT. NO. 1117 . 118 4.1.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES . 118 5.5. GORGAN PLAIN . 118 5.5.1. CHRONOLOGIES . 119 5.5.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 1118-1120) 120 5.5.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT AND CHRONOLOGY . 120 5.5.2.2. CATALOGUE . 120 5.5.2.2.I. LARGE OVOID WITH PERFORATION (TYPE 1K): CAT. NO. 1118-1119 . 120 5.5.2.2.2. SMALL COLUMN (TYPE 13): CAT. NO. 1120 . 120 5.5.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES . 120 6 G REATER I NDUS V ALLEY . 121 6.1. RAKHIGARHI . 121 6.1.1. CHRONOLOGIES . 122 6.1.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 1121-1135) 122 6.1.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS . 122 6.1.2.2. CATALOGUE . 122 6.1.2.2.1. SPHERE PEBBLE (TYPE 9D) : CAT. NO. 1121 . 122 6.I.2.2.2. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16A): CAT. NO. 1122 . 123 6.I.2.2.3. DISCOID IN TERRACOTTA (TYPE 17E): CAT. NO. 1123-1126 . 123 6.I.2.2.4. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 1127-1135 . 123 6.2. FARMANA . 124 6.2.1. CHRONOLOGIES . 125 6.2.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 1136-1143). 125 6.2.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS . 125 6. 2.2.2. CATALOGUE . 125 6.2.2.2.I. SPHERE WITH BASE (TYPE 7B): CAT. NO. 1136-1137 . 125 6.2.2.2.2. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16A): CAT. NO. 1138-1139 . 126 6.2.2.2.3. DISCOID (TYPE 17A): CAT. NO. 1140-1141 . 126 6.2.2.2.4. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 1142-1143 . 126 6.2.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES . 126 6.3. KUNTASI . 126 6.3.1. CHRONOLOGIES . 126 6.3.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND RELATED-FINDS (CAT. NO. 1144-1145). 127 6.3.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS . 127 6.3.2.2. CATALOGUE . 127 6.3.2.2.I. DISCOID IN TERRACOTTA (TYPE 17E): CAT. NO. 1144 . 127 6.3.2.2.2. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 1145 . 127 4.3.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES . 127 6.4. NAGESHWAR . 127 6.4.1. CHRONOLOGIES . 127 6.4.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 1146) . 127 6.4.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS . 127 6.4.2.2. CATALOGUE . 127 6.4.2.2. I. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 1146 . 127 4.4.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES . 127 6.5. . 127 6.5.1. CHRONOLOGIES . 128 6.5.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 1147-1162) 128 6.5.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS . 128 6.5.2.2. CATALOGUE . 128 6.5.2.2.I. SPHERE WITH BASE (TYPE 7B): CAT. NO. 1147-1148 . 128 6.5.2.2.2. SPHERE PEBBLE (TYPE 9D): CAT. NO. 1149-1156 . 129 6.5.2.2.3. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16A): CAT. NO. 1157 . 129 6.5.2.2.4. DISCOID (TYPE 17A): CAT. NO. 1158 . 129 6.5.2.2.5. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 1159-1161 . 129 6.5.2.2.6. CUBOID IN TERRACOTTA (TYPE 18B): CAT. NO. 1162 . 129 6.5.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES . 129 6.6. SHIKARPUR . 130 6.6.1. CHRONOLOGIES . 130 6.6.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 1163-1169) 130 6.6.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS . 130 6.6.2.2. CATALOGUE . 131 6.6.2.2.I. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16A): CAT. NO. 1163 . 131 6.6.2.2.2. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 1164-1167 . 131 6.6.2.2.3. CUBOID IN TERRACOTTA (TYPE 18B): CAT. NO. 1168-1169 . 131 6.6.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES . 131 6.7. BAGASRA . 131 6.7.1. CHRONOLOGIES . 132 6.7.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED FINDS (CAT. NO. 1170-1188) 132 6.7.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS . 132 6.7.2.2. CATALOGUE . 133 6.7.2.2.I. BICONIC (TYPE 12): CAT. NO. 1170-1172 . 133 6.7.2.2.3. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 1176-1188 . 134 6.7.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES . 134 6.8. DHOLAVIRA . 134 6.8.1. CHRONOLOGIES . 134 6.8.2. WEIGHTS, POTENTIAL WEIGHTS, POSSIBLE WEIGHTS AND RELATED-FINDS (CAT. NO. 1189-2058). 135 6.8.2.1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS . 136 6.8.2.2. CATALOGUE . 142 6.8.2.2.I. OVOID WITH FLAT ENDS (TYPE 1C): CAT. NO. 1189-1199 . 142 6.8.2.2.2. OVOID WITH BASE AND FLAT ENDS (TYPE ID): CAT. NO. 1200-1201 . 142 6.8.2.2.3. OVOID WITH TWO BASES AND FLAT ENDS (TYPE 1G): CAT. NO. 1202 . 142 6.8.2.2.4. SHELL-SHAPED (TYPE 4): CAT. NO. 1203 . 142 6.8.2.2.5. SPHERE (TYPE 7A): CAT. NO. 1204 . 142 6.8.2.2.6. SPHERE WITH BASE (TYPE 7B): CAT. NO. 1205-1214 . 142 6.8.2.2.7. SPHERE WITH TWO BASES (TYPE 7C): CAT. NO. 1215 . 143 6.8.2.2.8. SPHERE PEBBLE (TYPE 9D): CAT. NO. 1216-1217 . 143 6.8.2.2.9. CYLINDER-SHAPED (TYPE 11A): CAT. NO. 1218-1284 . 143 6.8.2.2.10. SEMI-CYLINDER-SHAPED (TYPE 11C): CAT. NO. 1285-1293 . 144 6.8.2.2.11. BICONIC (TYPE 12): CAT. NO. 1294-1355 . 145 6.8.2.2.12. PARALLELEPIPED (TYPE 16A): CAT. NO. 1356-1505 . 146 6.8.2.2.13. DISCOID (TYPE 17A): CAT. NO. 1506-1607 . 150 6.8.2.2.14. OCTAGONAL DISCOID (TYPE 17C): CAT. NO. 1608 . 153 6.8.2.2.15. DISCOID IN TERRACOTTA (TYPE 17E): CAT. NO. 1609-1649 . 153 6.8.2.2.16. CUBOID (TYPE 18A): CAT. NO. 1650-1986 . 154 6.8.2.2.17. CUBOID IN TERRACOTTA (TYPE 18B): CAT. NO. 1987-1996 . 164 6.8.2.2.18. HEMISPHERE (TYPE 20A): CAT. NO. 1997-2005 . 164 6.8.2.2.19. TRUNCATED HEMISPHERE (TYPE 20B): CAT. NO. 2006-2015 . 165 6.8.2.2.20. CONE (TYPE 21A): CAT. NO. 2016 . 165 6.8.2.2.21. TRUNCATED CONE (TYPE 21B): CAT. NO. 2017-2045 . 165 6.8.2.2.22. PYRAMID-SHAPED (TYPE 22): CAT. NO. 2046-2050 . 166 6.8.2.2.23. DOME-SHAPED (TYPE 25): CAT. NO. 2051-2057 . 166 6.8.2.2.24. TRAPEZOID-SHAPED (TYPE 26): CAT. NO. 2058 . 166 6.8.2.3. METROLOGICAL NOTES . 166 7 C ONCLUSIONS . 175 APPENDIX J AN T AVERNIER INSCRIBED WEIGHTS . 179 B IBLIOGRAPHY . 185 P LATES .215 Contents 1 Introduction. 1 1.1. The consideration of the historical context . 2 1.2. The possession ofknowledge. 3 1.3. Handling the artefact . 4 1.4. Field presence . 4 1.5. A trans-disciplinary approach. 4 2 Typology. 7 2.1. Ovoid (Type 1). 8 2.2. Duck-shaped (Type 2). 9 2.3. Frog-shaped (Type 3). 10 2.4. Shell-shaped (Type 4). 10 2.5. Fly-shaped (Type 5). 10 2.6. Pighead-shaped (Type 6). 10 2.7. Sphere (Type 7). 11 2.8. Ellipsoid with base and grooves (Type 8). 11 2.9. Pebble (Type 9).12 2.10. Hand bag-shaped (Type 10). 12 2.11. Cylinder-shaped (Type 11). 13 2.12. Biconic (Type 12). 14 2.13. Small column (Type 13). 14 2.14. Pear-shaped (Type 14). 15 2.15. Egg-shaped (Type 15). 15 2.16. Parallelepiped (Type 16). 15 2.17. Discoid (Type 17). 16 2.18. Cuboid (Type 18). 17 2.19. ‘Kudurru -shaped (Type 19). 17 2.20. Hemisphere (Type 20). 17 2.21. Cone (Type 21). 18 2.22. Pyramid-shaped (Type 22). 18 2.23. Irregular shape (Type 23).18 2.24. Clay sphendonoid (Type 24). 18 2.25. Dome-shaped (Type 25). 19 2.26. Trapezoid-shaped (Type 26). 19 2.27. Rounded flat with hole (Type 27). 19 3 Material. 21 3.1. Agate/carnelian/chalcedony. 22 3.2. Alabaster. 24 3.3. Basalt. 24 3.4. Bitumen. 24 3.5. Generic stone. 25 3.6. Bronze/copper. 25 3.7. Calcite/limestone.27 3.8. Vesuvianite. 27 3.9. Soapstone/softstone/sandstone. 28 3.10. Chert.28 3.11. Chiorite/steatite/serpentinite. 28 3.12. Diorite. 29 3.13. Waagenophyllum. 29 3.14. Gabbro. 30 3.15. Granite. 30 3.16. Gypsum. 30 3.17. Hematite. 30 3.18. Hornblende. 31 3.19. Jasper.31 3.20. Marble. 31 3.21. Olivine. 31 3.22. Quartz. 31 3.23. Schist. 31 3.24. Shell.31 3.25. Siltstone. 32 3.26. Terracotta. 32 3.27. Clay.33 4 SUSIANA AND LOWER MESOPOTAMIA. 35 4.1. Susa. 35 4.1.1. Chronologies. 36 4.1.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 1-746). 39 4.1.2.1. Archaeological contexts. 41 4.1.2.2. Catalogue. 43 4.1.2.2.1. Ovoid (Type la): Cat. no.1-244. 43 4.1.2.2.2. Ovoid with base (Type 1 b) : Cat. no. 245-263. 49 4.1.2.2.3. Ovoid with flat ends (Type lc): Cat. no. 264-482. 50 4.1.2.2.4. Ovoid with base and flat ends (Type Id): Cat. no. 483-508 . 55 4.1.2.2.5. Ovoid with one flat end (Type le): Cat. no. 509-515. 56 4.1.2.2.6. Ovoid with two bases and flat ends (Type lg): Cat. no. 516. 56 4.1.2.2.7. Ovoid with four bases (Type lh): Cat. no. 517-518. 57 4.1.2.2.8. Ovoid with hole (Type li): Cat. no. 519-527.57 4.1.2.2.9. Irregular ovoid (Type Ik): Cat. no. 528-530 . 57 4.1.2.2.10. Duck-shaped (Type 2): Cat. no. 531-617. 57 4.1.2.2.11. Frog-shaped (Type 3): Cat. no. 618-619. 60 4.1.2.2.12. Shell-shaped (Type 4): Cat. no. 620-627. 60 4.1.2.2.13. Pighead-shaped (Type 6): Cat. no. 628-630. 60 4.1.2.2.14. Sphere (Type 7a): Cat. no. 631-636. 60 4.1.2.2.15. Sphere with base (Type 7b): Cat. no. 637-638. 60 4.1.2.2.16. Ellipsoid with base and grooves (Type 8): Cat. no. 639-658. 60 4.1.2.2.17. Ovoid/discoid pebble (Type 9c): Cat. no. 659-679. 61 4.1.2.2.18. Cylinder-shaped (Type 1 la): Cat. no. 680-687. 62 4.1.2.2.19. Biconic (Type 12): Cat. no. 688. 62 4.1.2.2.20. Egg-shaped (Type 15): Cat. no. 689 . 62 4.1.2.2.21. Parallelepiped (Type 16a): Cat. no. 690-691. 62 4.1.2.2.22. Discoid (Type 17a): Cat. no. 692-694. 62 4.1.2.2.23. Discoid with hole (Type 17b): Cat. no. 695 . 62 4.1.2.2.24. Octagonal discoid (Type 17c): Cat. no. 696. 62 4.1.2.2.25. Irregular discoid (Type 17d): Cat. no. 697. 63 4.1.2.2.26. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no. 698-700. 63 4.1.2.2.27. Hemisphere (Type 20a): Cat. no. 701-719. 63 4.1.2.2.28. Cone (Type 21a): Cat. no. 720-728. 63 4.1.2.2.29. Truncated cone (Type 21b): Cat. no. 729-731. 64 4.1.2.2.30. Pyramid-shaped (Type 22): Cat. no. 732. 64 4.1.2.2.31. Irregular shape (Type 23): Cat. no. 733-746. 64 4.1.2.3. Metrological notes.64 4.2. Choga Zanbil/Dûr-Untas. 73 4.2.1. Chronologies. 73 4.2.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 747-750). 73 4.2.2.1. Archaeological contexts. 73 4.2.2.2. Catalogue. 73 4.2.2.2.1. Ovoid with base (Type 1 b) : Cat. no. 747-748. 73 4.2.2.2.2. Ovoid with flat ends (Type 1c): Cat. no. 749. 74 4.2.2.2.3. Ovoid with base and flat ends (Type Id): Cat. no. 750. 74 4.2.2.3. Metrological notes. 74 4.3. Djaffarabad. 74 4.3.1. Chronologies. 74 4.3.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 751-752). 74 4.3.2.1. Archaeological contexts. 74 4.3.2.2. Catalogue. 74 4.3.2.2.1. Sphere (Type 7a): Cat. no. 751-752. 74 4.4. Larsa/Tell es-Sinkara. 75 4.4.1. Chronologies. 75 4.4.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 753-759). 76 4.4.2.1. Archaeological contexts. 76 4.4.2.2. Catalogue. ՜Ո 4.4.2.2.1. Ovoid with flat ends (Type 1c): Cat. no. 753-757. 77 4.4.2.2.2. Duck-shaped (Type2): Cat. no. 758-759. 77 4.4.2.3. Metrological notes. 77 4.5. Girsu/Telloh. 77 4.5.1. Chronologies. 77 4.5.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 760-873). 78 4.5.2.1. Archaeological contexts.78 4.5.2.2. Catalogue. 79 4.5.2.2.1. Ovoid (Type la): Cat. no.760-814. 79 4.5.2.2.2. Ovoid with base (Type lb): Cat. no. 815-822. 80 4.5.2.2.3. Ovoid with flat ends (Type 1c): Cat. no. 823-843. 80 4.5.2.2.4. Ovoid with base and flat ends (Type Id): Cat. no. 844. 81 4.5.2.2.5. Ovoid with two bases (Type If): Cat. no. 845.81 4.5.2.2.6. Duck-shaped (Type 2): Cat. no.846-855. 81 4.5.2.2.7. Sphere (Type 7a): Cat. no. 856. 82 4.5.2.2.8. Cylinder-shaped (Type 1 la): Cat. no. 857-861. 82 4.5.2.2.9. Egg-shaped (Type 15): Cat. no. 862-868. 82 4.5.2.2.10. Parallelepiped (Type 16a): Cat. no. 869-870. 82 4.5.2.2.11. Hemisphere (Type 20a): Cat. no. 871.82 4.5.2.2.12. Cone (Type 21a): Cat. no. 872. 82 4.5.2.2.13. Truncated cone (Type 21b): Cat. no. 873 . 82 4.5.2.3. Metrological notes. 82 4.6. Tell Ingharra/Kish. 84 4.6.1. Chronologies. 85 4.6.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 874-886). 85 4.6.2.1. Archaeological contexts. 85 4.6.2.2. Catalogue.86 4.6.2.2.1. Ovoid with flat ends (Type 1c): Cat. no. 874-878.86 4.6.2.2.2. Duck-shaped (Type 2): Cat. no. 879-883. 86 4.6.2.2.3. Frog-shaped (Type 3): Cat. no. 884. 86 4.6.2.2.4. Shell-shaped (Type 4): Cat. no. 885. 86 4.6.2.2.5. Fly-shaped (Type 5): Cat. no. 886. 86 4.6.2.3. Metrological notes. 87 4.7. Tell Muqayar/Ur. 87 4.7.1. Chronologies. 87 4.7.2. Weight (Cat. no. 887). 88 4.7.2.1. Archaeological contexts. 88 4.7.2.2. Catalogue. 89 4.7.2.2.1. ‘Kudurru’-shaped (Type 19): Cat. no. 887.89 5 Iranian Highlands. 91 5.1. Jiroft valley. 91 5.1.1. Chronologies. 92 5.1.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 888-932). 94 5.1.2.1. Archaeological contexts. 96 5.1.2.2. Catalogue.96 5.1.2.2.1. Hand bag-shaped (Type 10): Cat.no. 888-929. 96 5.1.2.2.2. Small column (Type 13): Cat. no.930-931. 97 5.1.2.2.3. Pear-shaped (Type 14): Cat. no. 932. 97 5.1.2.3. Metrological notes. 97 5.2. Konar Sandal.100 5.2.1. Chronologies. 100 5.2.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 933-937). .101 5.2.2.1. Archaeological contexts. 101 5.2.2.2. Catalogue. 101 5.2.2.2.1. Sphere (Type 7a): Cat. no. 933 . 101 5.2.2.2.2. Sphere with base (Type 7b): Cat. no. 934. 101 5.2.2.2.3. Cylinder-shaped (Type Ila): Cat. no. 935. 101 5.2.2.2.4. Discoid (Type 17a): Cat. no. 936.101 5.2.2.2.5. Hemisphere (Type 20a): Cat. no. 937. 101 5.2.2.3. Metrological notes. 101 5.3. Tepe Yahya. 101 5.3.1. Chronologies.102 5.3.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 938-1064) 104 5.3.2.1. Archaeological contexts.104 5.3.2.2. Catalogue. 105 5.3.2.2.1. Ovoid (Type la): Cat. no. 938-940. 105 5.3.2.2.2. Ovoid with base (Type lb): Cat. no. 941. 105 5.3.2.2.3. Sphere (Type 7a): Cat. no. 942-948. 105 5.3.2.2.4. Sphere with base (Type 7b): no. 949-951 . 105 5.3.2.2.5. Sphere with two bases (Type 7c): no. 952. 105 5.3.2.2.6. Rectangular flat pebble (Type 9b): Cat. no. 953-954 . 105 5.3.2.2.7. Parallelepiped with hole (Type 16b): Cat. no. 955-956 . 105 5.3.2.2.8. Rounded flat with hole (Type 27): Cat. no. 957-961 . 105 5.3.2.2.9. Sphere pebble (Type 9d): Cat. no. 962-987. 105 5.3.2.2.10. Cylinder-shaped with hole (Type lib): Cat. no. 988 . 106 5.3.2.2.11. Egg-shaped (Type 15): Cat. no. 989 . 106 5.3.2.2.12. Parallelepiped (Type 16a): Cat. no. 990-991. 106 5.3.2.2.13. Discoid (Type 17a): Cat. no. 992-1006 . 106 5.3.2.2.14. Terracotta discoid (Type 17e): Cat. no. 1007-1013. 107 5.3.2.2.15. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no. 1014. 107 5.3.2.2.16. Hemisphere (Type 20a): Cat. no. 1015. 107 5.3.2.2.17. Truncated cone (Type 21b): Cat. no. 1016-1017. 107 5.3.2.2.18. Cone (Type 21a): Cat. no. 1018.107 5.3.2.2.19. Clay sphcndonoid (Type 24): Cat. no. 1019-1063 . 107 5.3.2.2.20. Dome-shaped (Type 25): Cat. no. 1064. 109 5.3.2.3. Metrological notes. 109 5.4. Shahr-i Sokhta. 109 5.4.1. Chronologies.Ill 5.4.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 1065-1117) 114 5.4.2.1. Archaeological contexts.114 5.4.2.2. Catalogue. 115 5.4.2.2.1. Ovoid (Type la): Cat. no. 1065-1072. 115 5.4.2.2.2. Ovoid with base (Type lb): Cat. no. 1073-1075 . 116 5.4.2.2.4. Sphere (Type 7a): Cat. no. 1077. 116 5.4.2.2.4. Flat pebble in various shapes (Type 9a): Cat. no. 1078-1102. 116 5.4.2.2.5. Sphere pebble (Type 9d): Cat. no. 1103-1110. 117 5.4.2.2.6. Cylinder-shaped (Type 1 la): Cat. no. 1111-1112. 117 5.4.2.2.7. Parallelepiped (Type 16a): Cat. no. 1113-1114. 118 5.4.2.2.8. Discoid (Type 17a): Cat. no. 1115-1116. 118 5.4.2.2.9. Irregular shape (Type 23): Cat. no. 1117. 118 4.1.2.3. Metrological notes. 118 5.5. Gorgan plain. 118 5.5.1. Chronologies. 119 5.5.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 1118-1120) 120 5.5.2.1. Archaeological context and chronology.120 5.5.2.2. Catalogue. 120 5.5.2.2.1. Large ovoid with perforation (Type Ik): Cat. no. 1118-1119. 120 5.5.2.2.2. Small column (Type 13): Cat. no. 1120. 120 5.5.2.3. Metrological notes. 120 6 Greater Indus Valley. 121 6.1. Rakhigarhi.121 6.1.1. Chronologies. 122 6.1.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 1121-1135) 122 6.1.2.1. Archaeological contexts.122 6.1.2.2. Catalogue. 122 6.1.2.2.1. Sphere pebble (Type 9d): Cat. no. 1121. 122 6.1.2.2.2. Parallelepiped (Type 16a): Cat. no. 1122. 123 6.1.2.2.3. Discoid in terracotta (Type 17e): Cat. no. 1123-1126. 123 6.1.2.2.4. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no. 1127-1135 . 123 6.2. Farmana. 124 6.2.1. Chronologies. 125 6.2.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 1136-1143). 125 6.2.2.1. Archaeological contexts. 125 6.2.2.2. Catalogue. 125 6.2.2.2.1. Sphere with base (Type 7b): Cat. no. 1136-1137. 125 6.2.2.2.2. Parallelepiped (Type 16a): Cat. no. 1138-1139 . 126 6.2.2.2.3. Discoid (Type 17a): Cat. no. 1140-1141. 126 6.2.2.2.4. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no. 1142-1143 . 126 6.2.2.3. Metrological notes.126 6.3. Kuntasi. 126 6.3.1. Chronologies. 126 6.3.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and related-finds (Cat. no. 1144-1145). 127 6.3.2.1. Archaeological contexts. 127 6.3.2.2. Catalogue. 127 6. Յ.2.2.1. Discoid in terracotta (Type 17e): Cat. no. 1144. 127 6. 3.2.2.2. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no.1145. 127 4. 3.2.3. Metrological notes. 127 6.4. Nageshwar. 127 6.4.1. Chronologies. 127 6.4.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 1146). 127 6.4.2.1. Archaeological contexts. 127 6.4.2.2. Catalogue. 127 6.4.2.2. 1. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no.1146. 127 4.4.2.3. Metrological notes.127 6.5. Nagwada. 127 6.5.1. Chronologies. 128 6.5.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 1147-1162) 128 6.5.2.1. Archaeological contexts. 128 6.5.2.2. Catalogue. 128 6.5.2.2.1. Sphere with base (Type 7b): Cat. no. 1147-1148. 128 6.5.2.2.2. Sphere pebble (Type 9d): Cat. no. 1149-1156 . 129 6.5.2.2.3. Parallelepiped (Type 16a): Cat. no. 1157. 129 6.5.2.2.4. Discoid (Type 17a): Cat. no. 1158. 129 6.5.2.2.5. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no. 1159-1161 .129 6.5.2.2.6. Cuboid in terracotta (Type 18b): Cat. no. 1162. 129 6.5.2.3. Metrological notes.129 6.6. Shikarpur. 130 6.6.1. Chronologies. 130 6.6.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 1163-1169) 130 6.6.2.1. Archaeological contexts. 130 6.6.2.2. Catalogue. 131 6.6.2.2.1. Parallelepiped (Type 16a): Cat. no. 1163.131 6.6.2.2.2. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no. 1164-1167.131 6.6.2.2.3. Cuboid in terracotta (Type 18b): Cat. no. 1168-1169. 131 6.6.2.3. Metrological notes.131 6.7. Bagasra. 131 6.7.1. Chronologies. 132 6.7.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and associated finds (Cat. no. 1170-1188) 132 6.7.2.1. Archaeological contexts. 132 6.7.2.2. Catalogue. 133 6.7.2.2.1. Biconic (Type 12): Cat. no. 1170-1172 . 133 6.7.2.2.3. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no. 1176-1188 . 134 6.7.2.3. Metrological notes.134 6.8. Dholavira. 134 6.8.1. Chronologies. 134 6.8.2. Weights, potential weights, possible weights and related-finds (Cat. no. 1189-2058). 135 6.8.2.1. Archaeological contexts. 136 6.8.2.2. Catalogue. 142 6.8.2.2.1. Ovoid with flat ends (Type 1c): Cat. no. 1189-1199. 142 6.8.2.2.2. Ovoid with base and flat ends (Type Id): Cat. no. 1200-1201. 142 6.8.2.2.3. Ovoid with two bases and flat ends (Type 1g): Cat. no. 1202. 142 6.8.2.2.4. Shell-shaped (Type 4): Cat. no. 1203. 142 6.8.2.2.5. Sphere (Type 7a): Cat. no. 1204. 142 6.8.2.2.6. Sphere with base (Type 7b): Cat. no. 1205-1214. 142 6.8.2.2.7. Sphere with two bases (Type 7c): Cat. no. 1215. 143 6.8.2.2.8. Sphere pebble (Type 9d): Cat. no. 1216-1217. 143 6.8.2.2.9. Cylinder-shaped (Type Ila): Cat. no. 1218-1284. 143 6.8.2.2.10. Semi-cylinder-shaped (Type 11c): Cat. no. 128 5-1293.144 6.8.2.2.11. Biconic (Type 12): Cat. no. 1294-1355 . 145 6.8.2.2.12. Parallelepiped (Type 16a): Cat. no. 1356-1505. 146 6.8.2.2.13. Discoid (Type 17a): Cat. no. 1506-1607. 150 6.8.2.2.14. Octagonal discoid (Type 17c): Cat. no. 1608. 153 6.8.2.2.15. Discoid in terracotta (Type 17e): Cat. no. 1609-1649. 153 6.8.2.2.16. Cuboid (Type 18a): Cat. no. 1650-1986 . 154 6.8.2.2.17. Cuboid in terracotta (Type 18b): Cat. no. 1987-1996. 164 6.8.2.2.18. Hemisphere (Type 20a): Cat. no. 1997-2005. 164 6.8.2.2.19. Truncated hemisphere (Type 20b): Cat. no. 2006-2015. 165 6.8.2.2.20. Cone (Type 21a): Cat. no. 2016. 165 6.8.2.2.21. Truncated cone (Type 21b): Cat. no. 2017-2045. 165 6.8.2.2.22. Pyramid-shaped (Type 22): Cat. no. 2046-2050. 166 6.8.2.2.23. Dome-shaped (Type 25): Cat. no. 2051-2057.166 6.8.2.2.24. Trapezoid-shaped (Type 26): Cat. no. 2058 . 166 6.8.2.3. Metrological notes. 166 7 Conclusions. 175 Appendix Jan Tavernier Inscribed weights. 179 Bibliography. 185 Plates. 215
any_adam_object	1
any_adam_object_boolean	1
author	Ascalone, Enrico
author2	Tavernier, Jan ca. 20./21. Jh
author2_role	ctb
author2_variant	j t jt
author_GND	(DE-588)131420771 (DE-588)1173256350
author_facet	Ascalone, Enrico Tavernier, Jan ca. 20./21. Jh
author_role	aut
author_sort	Ascalone, Enrico
author_variant	e a ea
building	Verbundindex
bvnumber	BV048889007
classification_rvk	NG 4020 NG 6020 NG 9820
ctrlnum	(OCoLC)1372650368 (DE-599)DNB1272630692
dewey-full	389.15093491 389.150935
dewey-hundreds	300 - Social sciences
dewey-ones	389 - Metrology and standardization
dewey-raw	389.15093491 389.150935
dewey-search	389.15093491 389.150935
dewey-sort	3389.15093491
dewey-tens	380 - Commerce, communications, transportation
discipline	Geschichte Wirtschaftswissenschaften
discipline_str_mv	Geschichte Wirtschaftswissenschaften
format	Book
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geographic	Iran (DE-588)4027653-3 gnd Mesopotamien (DE-588)4038788-4 gnd
geographic_facet	Iran Mesopotamien
id	DE-604.BV048889007
illustrated	Illustrated
index_date	2024-07-03T21:47:56Z
indexdate	2024-07-10T09:48:57Z
institution	BVB
institution_GND	(DE-588)2015270-X
isbn	9783529035425 3529035424
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034153612
oclc_num	1372650368
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-12 DE-29 DE-20 DE-188 DE-M157
owner_facet	DE-12 DE-29 DE-20 DE-188 DE-M157
physical	278 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 31 cm
psigel	gbd_1 BSB_NED_20230807
publishDate	2022
publishDateSearch	2022
publishDateSort	2022
publisher	Wachholtz Verlag
record_format	marc
series	Weight & value
series2	Weight & value
spelling	Ascalone, Enrico Verfasser (DE-588)131420771 aut Bronze Age weights from Mesopotamia, Iran & Greater Indus Valley by Enrico Ascalone ; with a contribution from Jan Tavernier Kiel ; Hamburg Wachholtz Verlag 2022 278 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 31 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Weight & value volume 3 Harappakultur (DE-588)4023410-1 gnd rswk-swf Gewichtsstück (DE-588)4234189-9 gnd rswk-swf Maßsystem (DE-588)4169063-1 gnd rswk-swf Bronzezeit (DE-588)4008357-3 gnd rswk-swf Iran (DE-588)4027653-3 gnd rswk-swf Mesopotamien (DE-588)4038788-4 gnd rswk-swf Iraq Iran India Susa South Africa Dholavira Kutch district tyoilogy metrology Mature Harappan France ERC-2014-CoG Mesopotamien (DE-588)4038788-4 g Iran (DE-588)4027653-3 g Harappakultur (DE-588)4023410-1 s Bronzezeit (DE-588)4008357-3 s Gewichtsstück (DE-588)4234189-9 s Maßsystem (DE-588)4169063-1 s DE-604 Tavernier, Jan ca. 20./21. Jh. (DE-588)1173256350 ctb Wachholtz Verlag (DE-588)2015270-X pbl Erscheint auch als 9783529035425 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-529-09900-7 Weight & value volume 3 (DE-604)BV047153748 3 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=0c33b833d4304464a704999bd63eadfd&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext B:DE-101 application/pdf https://d-nb.info/1272630692/04 Inhaltsverzeichnis DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034153612&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034153612&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p dnb 20230310 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#dnb 2\p dnb 20230310 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#dnb
spellingShingle	Ascalone, Enrico Bronze Age weights from Mesopotamia, Iran & Greater Indus Valley Weight & value Harappakultur (DE-588)4023410-1 gnd Gewichtsstück (DE-588)4234189-9 gnd Maßsystem (DE-588)4169063-1 gnd Bronzezeit (DE-588)4008357-3 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4023410-1 (DE-588)4234189-9 (DE-588)4169063-1 (DE-588)4008357-3 (DE-588)4027653-3 (DE-588)4038788-4
title	Bronze Age weights from Mesopotamia, Iran & Greater Indus Valley
title_auth	Bronze Age weights from Mesopotamia, Iran & Greater Indus Valley
title_exact_search	Bronze Age weights from Mesopotamia, Iran & Greater Indus Valley
title_exact_search_txtP	Bronze Age weights from Mesopotamia, Iran & Greater Indus Valley
title_full	Bronze Age weights from Mesopotamia, Iran & Greater Indus Valley by Enrico Ascalone ; with a contribution from Jan Tavernier
title_fullStr	Bronze Age weights from Mesopotamia, Iran & Greater Indus Valley by Enrico Ascalone ; with a contribution from Jan Tavernier
title_full_unstemmed	Bronze Age weights from Mesopotamia, Iran & Greater Indus Valley by Enrico Ascalone ; with a contribution from Jan Tavernier
title_short	Bronze Age weights from Mesopotamia, Iran & Greater Indus Valley
title_sort	bronze age weights from mesopotamia iran greater indus valley
topic	Harappakultur (DE-588)4023410-1 gnd Gewichtsstück (DE-588)4234189-9 gnd Maßsystem (DE-588)4169063-1 gnd Bronzezeit (DE-588)4008357-3 gnd
topic_facet	Harappakultur Gewichtsstück Maßsystem Bronzezeit Iran Mesopotamien
url	http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=0c33b833d4304464a704999bd63eadfd&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm https://d-nb.info/1272630692/04 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034153612&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034153612&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link	(DE-604)BV047153748
work_keys_str_mv	AT ascaloneenrico bronzeageweightsfrommesopotamiairangreaterindusvalley AT tavernierjan bronzeageweightsfrommesopotamiairangreaterindusvalley AT wachholtzverlag bronzeageweightsfrommesopotamiairangreaterindusvalley

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