The communist temptation: Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and their times
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| adam_text | Contents Acknowledgments.................................................................................................... xi Introduction............................................................................................................... 1 Paris 1935: The Fellow-Traveling Moment....................................................... 29 Chapter 1 The Left Bank anno 1935...................................................................................... 31 Chapter 2 André Gide: Reluctant Public Intellectual....................................................... 53 Chapter 3 André Malraux: Romantic Adventurer............................................................ 67 Chapter 4 Getting Organized: Rolland, Barbusse, and the Amsterdam-Pleyel Movement............................................................... 79 Chapter 5 The Kharkov and Moscow Writers Conferences, 1930-1934........................ 95 Chapter 6 “Communist Individualism” à la Gide............................................................ 105 Chapter 7 The AEAR and the Defense of Culture............................................................ Ill Chapter 8 The Riots of February 6,1934 and the Stavisky Affair.................................129 Chapter 9 Anti-Parliamentary Leagues and the Threat to Democracy........................ 141
Chapter 10 The Popular Front............................................................................................... 149 Chapter 11 André Malraux: From Adventure to Engagement...................................... 161 Chapter 12 “(Leben) wie Gott in Frankreich”: The German and Russian Expat Community in Paris................................. 165 Chapter 13 Paris By Way of Moscow: Eugen Fried, Mikhail Koltsov, and Otto Katz............................................... 183 Chapter 14 Ilya Ehrenbourg: From Russia With Love......................................................191 Chapter 15 Arthur Koestier, Gustav Regler, Manės Sperber, and the Burden of Moral Integrity................................................................................................................. 201 Chapter 16 The First International Writers Congress for the Defense of Culture:.....209 Chapter 17 The Viktor Serge Affair......................................................................................239 Chapter 18 “Having Congress”: The First International Writers Congress for the Defense of Culture................................................. 253 Chapter 19 Malraux’s Wars....................................................................................................293 Chapter 20 Back from the USSR: Gide’s Retour de ľU.R.S.S....................................... 305 Chapter 21 The Second International Writers Congress for the Defense of Culture.................................................................335
Chapter 22 Münzenberg’s Demise.................................................................................... 339 Chapter 23 Les Jeux Sont Faits.........................................................................................349 Conclusion La Débâcle...................................................................................................... 357 Bibliography................................................................................................... 365 Index............................................................................................................... 389
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Index A Abraham, Pierre, 215, 256, 263 Akhmatova, Anna, 100, 108 Alasan, Wagram, 279 Allégret, Marc, 56, 58, 109 Amendola, Giovanni, 85 Anderson, Sherwood, 87,90 Aragon, Louis, 6, 13, 24, 32, 36, 37, 41,42, 44, 45,49,51,59,61,71, 80,81,82, 95,96, 97, 100, 102, 103, 108, 116, 117,118, 119, 121, 125, 152, 163, 180, 181, 186, 198, 201,213, 218, 219,220, 225, 227, 229,231, 234, 245,254,256, 263, 280, 285, 295, 309, 310, 313, 336, 346,353,355 Aron, Raymond, 148, 346, 361 Aron, Robert, 45, 47, Artaud, Antonin, 41 Aschberg, Olof, 224, 343 Auden, 298 Azana, President Manuel, 297 В Babel, Isaac, 7, 100, 108, 162,186, 197,225, 254, 256,274,284, 308, 309,316 Bakalow, Georgi, 256,272 Balzac, Honoré de , 4, 38, 59, 66, 135, 260, 262 Barbusse, Henri, 2,4, 31,46, 61, 65, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90,91,93,95, 111, 114, 134, 174, 185, 194,201,213,218,220,221, 222, 229,233,234,245, 248, 255, 256,257, 270, 271,284,286, 307, 309,310,316,318, 322,324,373, 382 Bardèche, Maurice, 47 Bardoux, Jacques, 351 Barrés, Maurice, 56, 57, 59, 120, 227,260, 314, 322, 323, 330, 333, 385 Barthou, Louis, 138 Basch, Viktor, 153, 154, 251, 326 Baudelaire, Charles, 38, 278,280 Beach, 39, 51 Becher, Johannes, 95,100, 165, 213, 222,229,256, 268, 339 Belmondo, Jean-Paul, 137 Benda, Julien, 4, 5, 20,41, 48, 152, 153, 154, 228, 231,255,256,258, 269,335,353, 383 Benjamin, Walter, 36, 38, 165, 188, 191 Bergéry, Gaston, 173, 194 Berl, Emmanuel, 41,43 Bernard, Claude, 285 Bernstein, Henri, 142 Berton, Germaine, 142 Berzin, Yan Karlovich, 341 Bethoux, Olivier, xii Blanchot, Maurice, 45 Bloch, Jean-Richard, 4, 6,
81, 97, 103, 117,122, 125, 151, 152, 162, 195,215,220, 222,223, 233,255, 256,261,279 Bloy, Léon, 192 Blum, Léon, xi, 16,46, 47,48, 51, 80,96, 120, 123, 131, 132, 141, 151, 157, 174, 179, 227,246,288,
390 The Communist Temptation: Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and Their Times 295, 350, 366, 376 Blunt, Anthony, 262 Bonnard, Pierre, 37, 51 Borkenau, Franz, 178 Boyer, Charles, 137 Braak, Menno ter, 254, 265 Brasillach, Robert, 33,42,47, 120, 143, 147, 366, 383 Brecht, Bertolt, 95, 188, 189,213, 256, 265, 335 Breton, André, 37, 38, 51, 71, 80, 87, 95, 111, 151, 156,218,219, 224, 233,234, 248,251, 254,256, 277, 324, 367 Briand, Aristide, 142 Brod, Max, 188,256, 266 Brown, Chris, xii, 156, 176, 177, 178, 187, 221,346,367 Bukharin, Nikolai, 103, 107, 185, 190, 191, 193,194, 196,312,325, 326, 340, 373 Burgess, Guy, 262 C Cachin, Marcel, 90, 157, 185, 317 Camus, Albert, 6, 14, 75, 87, 118, 302, 306 Capa, Robert, 298, 367 Carel Franciscus, Josephus, 309 Carné, Marcel, 15,42, 124 Carrel, Alexis, 363 Cassou, Jean, 5, 45, 51, 117, 120, 154,219, 255,259,335 Caute, David, 23, 27, 99, 116, 153, 162, 164, 181,220,229,235,254, 260, 302, 303, 326, 335, 336, 362 Céline, Louis-Ferdinand, 42,44, 49, 234, 309 Cervantes, Miguel de, 115, 209,281, 323, 332 Chagall, Marc, 191 Chamberlain, Neville, 20, 349 Chamson, André, 2, 4,45, 48, 122, 151, 156, 224,226,236,256,271, 286,287, 322, 335, 337, 353, 355, 367, 368 Char, René, 111 Chautemps, Camille, 129, 131, 137, 173 Chevasson, Louis, 70 Chiappe, Jean, 90, 130, 139 Chirac, Jacques, 17 Churchill, Sir Winston Leonard Spencer, 167, 358, 359 Clappique, Baron, 76 Claudel, Paul, 37,41,49, 51, 64, 71 Clemenceau, Georges, xi, 142 Clerc, Henri, 254,256,266 Clotis, Josette, 300, 303 Cobb, Richard, 10, 11, 15, 368 Cocteau, Jean, 69, 109 Colette, 11, 135 Conrad,
Joseph, 40, 72, 191 Copeau, Jacques, 40, 64 Cortesão, Jaime, 256,274,287 Cot, Pierre, 174 Coty, François, 145 Crevel, René, 87, 111, 218,219, 223, 225, 226, 229, 233,254,256,257, 263, 284, 285 Crossman, Richard, 157, 169, 170, 184,201,202, 255,305,310,315, 321,369 Curtius, Ernst Robert, 62, 181, 320, 369 D Dabit, Eugène, 4, 36,40,42,44, 52, 87, 114, 117, 122, 123, 124, 125, 154, 214, 215, 226,284,285, 307, 309, 310, 312, 322, 358, 368, 369, 372 Daladier, Édouard, 8, 15,27, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 138, 151 Dall, Salvador, 219 Dalrymple, William, 35, 369 Dante Alighieri, 323, 332 Danton, Georges, 34
391 Index Dard, Olivier, 3, 369 Darnton, Michael, 16, 21, 27 Daudet, Léon, 33, 142, 143, 144 Davet, Ivonne, 62 de Beauvoir, Simone, 23, 36, 37, 47, 199, 346 de Gaulle, Charles, 17, 50, 67, 68, 73,161,205,295,296,300,301, 302, 328, 350 de La Rocque, Colonel François, 138 de Leeuw, A.S., 349 de Man, Paul, 329 de Rambouillet, Marquise, 48 de Saint-Exupéry, Antoine, 14 de Scudéry, Mademoiselle, 48 de Unamuno, Miguel, 85 de Yourcenar, Marguerite, 47 Debosscher, Adam, xii Debussy, Claude, 37, 51 del Bayle, Jean-Louis Loubet, 3, 378 del Vayo, Juan Alvarez, 256, 282, 341 Déroulède, Paul, 145 Descartes, René, 36, 69,265, 278, 332, 370, 384 Diaghilev, Serge, 37, 51 Diderot, Denis, 36, 100, 264, 379 Dietrich, Marlene, 188 Dimitrov, Georgi, 60, 61, 65, 88, 120,162, 171, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 184,258,273, 303, 320, 340, 343, 370, 379 Döblin, Alfred, 165 Donini, Ambrogio, 285 Doré, François, 71 Dorgères, Henri, 146 Doriot, Jacques, 184, 351 Dostoevsky, Fyodor Mikhailovich, 192, 249, 323 Doumer, Paul, 194 Doumergue, Gaston, 138, 150 Dreiser, Theodore, 87, 90, 95 Dreyfus, Alfred, xi, xii, 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 15, 19, 20,32,33,42,48, 53,58, 80, 99, 129, 132, 135, 138, 141, 145, 148, 150, 169,238, 250,256, 261,279,288, 326, 338, 350, 352, 353,354,361 Drieu La Rochelle, Pierre, 33, 41, 42, 44,49, 120, 149, 150, 234,294, 326, 360 Drumont, Édouard, ix, 137 du Gard, Roger Martin, 48, 54, 62, 71, 122,208,298,306,309,313, 316,328 Duchesne, Gabrielle, 87 Duclos, Jacques, 184 Duhamel, Georges, 44, 193,218, 233,248 Dujardin, Édouard, 255, 260 Durtain, Luc, 83, 153, 256, 267 Dzerzhinsky, Felix,
97, 161 E Ehrenbourg, Ilya, 6, 7, 32, 35, 37, 48, 80, 97, 162, 165, 186, 191, 192, 193,194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200,213, 215, 216,218, 219,220, 221,223, 234,239, 256, 264,265, 277, 278,286, 289, 294, 296, 306, 307, 309, 312, 313, 317, 336, 339, 365,371 Einstein, Albert, 85, 90, 172, 176 Eisenstein, Sergei, 65, 97, 169, 188, 317 Ellis, Havelock, 87, 238, 256 Éluard, Paul, 87, 152, 156, 180,219, 254,277 Engels, Friedrich, 262 Enlai, Zhou, 74 F Fadayev, Alexander, 102 Fargue, Léon-Paul, 37, 38,40, 51, 192 Ferdinand, Archduke Franz, 87 Fermandez, Ramon, 62 Fernandez, 134, 365 Fernandez, Ramon, 62
392 The Communist Temptation: Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and Their Times Ferrero, Guglielmo, 238, 256, 263 Feuchtwanger, Lion, 165, 212, 256, 272,276, 310, 317, 318, 319, 320, 360,371,374 Fischer Louis, 26, 369, 321, 371 Fischer, Ruth, 178 Flanner, Janet, 136 Forster, E. Μ., 33, 223, 254,255, 258,260,286,371 France, Anatole, 48,207, 214 Francis I, 17 Franco, Francisco, 23, 61, 72, 155, 156, 179, 185, 193,211,219, 267, 277, 283,293, 294, 300, 336, 337, 338,341,342,351,357,360 Frank, Leonhard, 254,256,276 Frank, Waldo, 269, 276 Franklin, Benjamin, 36 Freud, Sigmund, 112, 124, 343 Fried, Eugen, 7, 32, 80, 81, 155, 165, 183, 184, 185, 220 Friedmann, Georges, 43, 117, 125, 256,266,267 Frossard, Jean, 24 Furet, François, 11, 83, 170, 220, 235,371 G Gaxotte, Pierre, 33, 47, 151 Gérôme, Pierre, 256, 267 Ghéon, Henri, 64 Giacometti, Alberto, 16 Gibarti, 187,220 Gibarti, Louis, 187,220, 221 Gide, André, xi, xii, xiii, 1, 4, 6, 13, 17,20,21,22, 23,24,31,32,33, 34,35,37,38,39,40,41,42, 44, 45,46,48,49, 50,51,52,53,54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60,61,62, 63, 64, 65,66, 68,71,80, 83,87, 89, 90,91,92, 96,98,99, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 114, 115, 116, 120, 121, 122, 124, 126, 129, 134, 135, 139, 149, 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 161, 162, 163, 164, 168, 175, 177, 181, 200, 204,205,206,209, 212,213, 214, 215,218,220,223, 224, 226, 227, 228,229, 230,231, 232, 233, 234, 236,237, 238,239, 240, 242,243, 244,245,246,247, 249,250, 251, 255,256, 257, 258, 261, 264, 275, 278,279, 280, 282, 286,287, 288, 291,294,296,297, 298, 300, 303, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309,310,311,312,313,314,315,
316,317,319,320,321,322,323, 324, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 336, 338, 341, 350, 352, 353,355,360,361,362 Giono, Jean, 8, 46,295 Goebbels, Joseph, 60, 61, 166, 174, 176, 177 Gold, Michael, 87, 230, 256 Goldman, Emma, 242 Goldschmidt, Clara, 69, 303 Gómez, Isidora Dolores Ibarruri, 335 Gorguloff, Paul, 194 Göring, Hermann, 12, 176, 177, 178, 180 Gorky, Maxim, 62, 82, 87, 90, 97, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 108, 193, 194, 196, 224, 225, 233, 235, 255, 269,283,286,310,311,312,373 Green, Julien, 357, 358 Groethuysen, Bernard, 48, 63, 149, 200, 204,212 Groslier, George, 71 Gross, Babette, 166, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 176, 189,201,221,339, 342, 343 Grossman, Vassily, 225 Guegen-Dreyfus, Georgette, 279 Guéhenno, Jean, 4, 24,25, 36, 40, 45,61,80, 87, 114, 122, 151, 152, 154, 156,220, 226,227, 228, 229, 232, 236, 255, 256,259, 269, 283, 288,294, 308, 310, 316, 317, 322, 323,324,325,330,353,354 Guilbeaux, Henri, 351
393 Index Guilloux, Louis, 122,213, 309, 312 Guiney, M. Martin, xii Iwanow, Wsewolod, 65, 256,267 J H Hagströmer, Louis, xii Halévy, Daniel, 149 Hamsun, Knut, 77 Harris, Ruth, xii, 4, 67, 68, 69, 72, 73,74, 98, 161, 163,293,295, 300,301,303 Havel, Václav, 24, 25, Heine, German, 191 Hellman, Lillian, 188,298 Hemingway, Ernest, 40, 186,196, 294, 296,298, 342 Herbart, Pierre, 4, 63,109, 305, 306, 308,309,310,312,313,316,317, 320, 328 Herr, Lucien, 4, 42 Herriot, Édouard, 48, 133, 185 Herzen, Alexander, 96 Himmler, Heinrich, 203 Hitler, Adolf, 3, 7, 12, 14, 15, 33, 60, 80,81,83,86,88,91,111,129, 132, 138, 142, 148, 149, 153, 162, 164,166, 167, 168, 172, 174,175, 176, 177, 178, 179,185,189, 204, 211,215,221,281, 294, 295, 300, 303, 305, 320, 326, 330, 335, 339, 342,343,345,349,362 Hollande, François, 17 Hollander, Paul, xii Hoover, Herbert, 169, 367 Horn, Glenn, xii Hubermont, Pierre, 254,266 Hugo, Victor, xi, 14,46, 116,260, 261, 262, 264, 280, 283,284, 290, 360,371,372,374,381 Humm, Rudolf Jakob, 256,279 Huxley, Aldous, 223, 230, 254,255, 260, 286, 350 Incián, Ramon del Valle, 254, 286 Jacob, Max, 69,256 Jaloux, Edmond, 69 Jammes, Francis, 64, 192 Jaurès, Jean, 2 Jefferson, Thomas, 36 Johnson, Paul, 26, 375 Jordan, Michael, 134 Jourdain, Francis, 111 Joyce, James, 38, 39, 102 Judt, Tony, xii, 180,211,251,306, 324, 360 К Kai-shek, Chiang, 75, 242 Kamenev, Lev Borisovich, 196,246, 311,312, 325 Kandinsky, Wassily Wassilyevich, 16 Kantorowicz, Alfred, 256 Karavkina, D., 319 Karr, Alphonse, 357 Kataev, Ivan, 65 Katz, Otto, 165, 167,172, 173, 181, 183, 186,187, 188, 189, 190,220,
221,340, 341,345,346 Kayser, Jacques, 156 Kerr, Alfred, 255,261 Keynes, John Maynard, 12 Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich, 102,191, 199 Kilbalchich, Viktor Lvovich, 240 Kirchon, Vladimir, 250, 256 Kirkland, Bill, 243 Kirov, Sergei, 108, 175,179,211, 242,243,247,285, 311, 325, 333, 346 Kirschon, Vladimir, 280 Kisch, Egon Erwin, 188, 215,255, 259 Klee, Paul, 16 Klein, Wolfgang, 25, 60, 81, 107,
394 The Communist Temptation: Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and Their Times 115, 154,213,214,215,216,217, 221, 222,223,225, 226,227, 229, 230, 233, 234, 235, 253, 254, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265,266,268,270,271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283,284,285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 325, 349 Koch, Stephen, 27, 60, 70, 82, 83, 97, 102, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 186, 187, 188, 189, 202, 221, 226, 245, 250,294, 308, 310, 311,315, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 345, 361, 375, 383 Koestier, Arthur, 7, 25, 32, 67, 80, 81, 89, 165, 166, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 176, 177, 181, 184, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 201,202, 203, 204, 205,206, 208, 212, 221, 243, 294, 298, 302, 307, 318, 321, 343, 344, 345, 346, 363, 366, 368, 369, 373, 376 Kokoschka, Oskar, 16 Kolas, Jakob, 256,272 Koltsov, Mikhail, 6, 7, 32, 80, 81, 100, 162, 165, 181, 183, 186, 187, 189, 195, 196, 197, 217,220, 221, 222, 223,234,250,255,256, 264, 286, 289,296, 300, 310, 311, 313, 319, 320,335,338 Koudachova, Maria Pavlova, 84, 180 Kravchenko, Victor, 23 Kurella, Alfred, 85, 91, 174, 185 La Rocque, François, 132, 146, 150 Lalou, René, 212, 213 Lang, Fritz, 188 Langevin, Paul, 151, 153, 155, 326 Larbaud, Valéry, 37, 51 Last, Jef, 256, 279, 309,313 Laval, Pierre, 141,211, 248 Lawrence, T. E., 70 le Carré, John, 25 Le Savoureux, Dr. Henri, 340 Lefebvre, Georges, 45 Léger, Fernand, 69, 180,192 Lenin, Vladimir, 22, 36, 90,92, 98, 102, 167, 168, 169, 173, 192, 193, 198,245,246, 283, 303, 311,324, 343 Lenormand, Henri-René, 228,256, 281 Leonhard, Rudolf, 273
Leonhard, Susanne, 339 Leonhard, Wolfgang, xii Lermontov, Mikhail, 264,267 Lestringant, Frank, 49, 59, 60, 62, 105, 123, 134, 135, 157, 177, 181, 209, 215,220, 221, 227,234,235, 253, 283, 294, 306, 308, 309, 311, 312,314,315,317, 320, 324, 326, 329 Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 47,248 Lévy, Bernard-Henri, 25 Leys, Simon, 16, 67, 75, 98,287, 296,297, 299, 302, 303, 306, 307, 316, 326, 327 Lidin, Vladimir, 65 Lilla, Mark, 26 Lõhuti, Abulkosim, 256,273 Lombroso-Ferrero, Gina, 256, 263 London, Jack, 276 Lottman, Herbert, xii, 35, 36, 37, 41, 43,48, 49, 50,51,59, 60, 79, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90, 95, 96, 98, 105, 106, 114, 115, 116, 155, 156, 158, 165, 166,200, 201,215,221, 225, 226, 228, 229, 231,234,235, 240, 250, 253,270, 288,293, 294, 336 Louis XIV, 67, 301 Louis XVI, 133 Lovano, Dr. Michael, xii Lunacharsky, Anatoly, 191 Luppol, Iwan, 255,260
Index M Malevitch, Kazimir, 16 Malraux, André, 1, 4, 5, 6, 20, 24, 32,33,35,38,39,40,41,44, 46, 48, 50,59, 60,61,63,64, 65,67, 68, 69, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 83,91,92, 97,98, 99, 100, 102, 103, 105, 106,108,114, 115, 116, 117, 120, 121, 125, 151, 152, 155, 161, 162, 163,164, 177, 184, 186, 194, 196, 197, 199, 201,203, 204, 205, 208, 213,214,215,216, 218, 220,221, 223,224, 225, 226, 227,231, 232, 233,236,237,239, 240, 245, 246,253,256,257, 264, 265, 276, 282, 284, 286,287,288, 293, 294,295,296,298,299, 300, 301,303,313,320,328,335,336, 337, 342, 350, 352, 353, 355, 361, 362, 371, 373, 374, 376, 378, 382, 383,386 Malraux, Clara, 49, 70, 72,297, 302, 303 Mandel, Georges, 197 Mandelstam, Osip, 100,108, 195, 276 Mann, Heinrich, 254,276, 283, 335 Mann, Klaus, 266 Mann, Thomas, 165, 215,266 Mao Zedong, 75, 377 Marcel, Gabriel, 15, 41,42, 62, 124, 146, 157, 185,214,251,365,384 Marchwitza, Hans, 256,273 Marcuse, Ludwig, 285 Margueritte, Victor, 272 Marion, Denis, 256, 263 Maritain, Jacques, 62, 143 Marshall, Bill, 244, 245,246,247, 378 Marty, André, 184, 187,203, 299 Marx, Karl, 33, 63, 92,93, 114, 259, 262, 267,278, 291,329, 343 Massis, Henri, 33, 157, 159, 365 Masson, Pierre, xii 395 Matisse, Henri, 16 Maulnier, Thierry, 33,47, 143,231 Mauriac, François, 49, 54, 56, 62, 69, 71,214,218, 226,279, 298,306, 365,371,378 Mauron, Charles, 285 Maurras, Charles, 47, 120, 132, 142, 143, 144,145, 373 Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 102, 181, 192, 194 McMeekin, Sean, 25,27, 166, 167, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176,299, 342, 343, 345 Meulemans, Connie, xiii Meyerhold, Vsevolod, 97, 197 Michaelis,
Karin, 255, 262 Mikitenko, Iwan, 256,271 Mirbeau, Octave, 214 Miró, Joan, 17 Mitterrand, 17, 146 Modigilano, 192 Modigliani, 38, 51 Moliere, 63,281 Mondrian, Piet, 16 Monin, Paul, 72 Monnerot, Jules Μ., 279, 286 Monnier, Adrienne, 39, 51 Montaigne, Michel de, 73,267, 315, 323,330,331,332 Montand, Yves, 200 Mounier, Adrienne, 37 Mounier, Emmanuel, 45,248, 256, 278,350 Mouret, François, 315, 322, 323, 332 Moussinac, Léon, 220, 256, 274, 335 Moutote, Daniel, xii Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 69 Münzenberg, Willi, 6, 7, 18,25, 27, 32,35,50, 65,81,82, 83, 84, 88, 89, 90,91,92, 97,102, 165, 166, 167, 168,169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174,175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181,184, 186, 187, 188, 189, 194, 201,202,204, 207, 216, 217, 220, 221,222,236,255, 272, 339, 340,
396 The Communist Temptation: Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and Their Times 342, 343, 344, 345, 346 Musil, Robert, 255, 259,280 Mussolini, Benito, 28, 33, 85, 112, 124, 146, 148, 149,211,275,294 N Nabokov, Vladimir, 67, 191 Nakou, Lilika, 238, 256,274 Negrin, President Juan, 297,298 Neumann, Heinz, 340 Nevierov, Alexandrovich, 65 Nexo, Martin Andersen, 255,256, 263, 271 Nezval, Vítězslav, 285 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 69, 302 Nizan, Paul, 14, 41, 45, 47, 97, 103, 117, 119, 125, 161, 162, 163,215, 220,256,269, 335, 346 Norden, Albert, 91 О Orlov, Alexander, 341 Orwell, George, 23, 186, 250,294, 295,298,299, 337, 341, 346, 380, 381 Ory, Pascal, 45, 84, 89, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 152, 156,221, 227,235,253, 322, 349 Osten, Maria, 187 Ozolina-Krauze, Austar, 238,256, 273 P Panfjorow, Fjodor, 255, 261,262, 264 Paplham, Ben, xiii Paraf, Pierre, 227 Parker, Dorothy, 188, 298 Parmentier, Henri, 70 Passos, John Dos, 87, 90, 243,298 Pasternak, Boris, 97, 100, 108, 193, 195, 199,225, 227, 253,254, 256, 283,317 Paulhan, Jean, 39,41, 47, 71 Paz, Magdeleine, 245,251 Paz, Octavio, 337 Péguy, Charles, xi, 4, 20,41,42, 47, 162 Perse, Saint-John, 14 Pétain, Marshal, 143, 197, 360 Petersen, Jan, 230,256, 277 Philby, Kim, 344 Phocas, Paul, 45, 315,322, 323 Picasso, Pablo, 16, 37, 38, 51, 191, 192, 200, 296, 342 Pieck, Wilhelm, 175 Pilnyak, Boris, 65 Piscator, Erwin, 188 Plisnier, 278 Plisnier, Charles, 245 Politzer, Georges, 185 Popper, Karl, 24 Poulaille, Henri, 227,251,278 Pozner, Vladimir, 97, 162 Pressard, Georges, 137 Prévert, Jacques, 122, 123, 124 Proust, Marcel, 38, 42, 99, 280 Pujo,
Maurice, 141 Pushkin, Alexander, 264, 267 R Radek, Karl, 97, 99, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 167, 175, 189, 190, 195, 318, 325, 326, 339, 340, 341, 373, 381 Radiguet, Rayond, 69 Rebatet, Lucien, 143 Regler, Gustav, 25, 96, 101, 102, 103, 165, 169, 170, 176, 177, 178, 180, 186, 187, 189, 190, 201,202, 203, 205, 212,213, 226, 228, 229, 249, 250, 256,281, 286, 296, 297, 300, 326, 339, 344, 359, 363, 382 Rémond, René, 146 Resnais, Alain, 13 6, 137 Richelieu, Cardinal, 48, 67 Rimbaud, Arthur, 69, ΊΊ, 192, 278, 280, 291
Index Rivet, Paul, 153 Rivière, Jacques, 41, 145 Robespierre, Maximilien, 34 Rochefort, Henri, 77 Röhm, Erich, 326 Röhm, Ernst, 176, 177 Rolland, Romain, xi, 1,2, 3,4, 6, 14, 20,21,23,24,25,31,32, 34,35, 44, 47, 65, 79, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87,88, 89,91,93,111,113, 114, 115, 116,153, 154, 155, 168, 180, 185, 194,201,215,224,233, 242, 244,245,248,250, 264,286, 295, 309, 310, 314, 316, 318, 322, 324, 350, 352, 357, 361 Romains, Jules, 39,47, 193, 218, 233 Rousseau, Frédéric, xii, 25, 36, 38, 51, 142, 240, 264 Rouveyre, André, 53, 55 Russell, Bertrand, 23, 87, 181 Rysselberghe, Théo van, 114, 149, 212, 215, 230,232,239,240, 307, 308,310,313,317,350,387 Rysselberghe, Elizabeth van, 109, 110 Sadoul, Georges, 95,245 Said, Edward, 74 Salvemini, Gaetano, 227, 256,275, 276 Sand, Shlomo, 2,24,25,235 Sarkozy, Nicolas, 17 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 6,11, 14, 26, 27, 28,36,41,47,59, 75,163, 199, 246, 302, 324, 329, 346, 362 Satie, Erik, 37, 51 Schiffrin, Jacques, 309, 312, 313 Scott, Sir Walter, 276 Seghers, Anna, 213,215,222, 238, 256, 274,287, 326 Seifullina, Lydia, 65 Senior, Matthew, xii Serge, Viktor, 25, 60, 61, 63, 99, 397 105,135,210,211,217, 221,223, 224,239, 240, 241, 242, 243,244, 245,246,247,248,249, 250, 251, 253,275, 276, 278, 291, 307, 320, 325 Shakespeare, William, 39,40,115, 209,262,264,265,275, 280, 323, 332 Shattuck, Roger, xii, 209, 210, 211, 214,220,221,229, 230, 235, 253, 265, 287, 288,289, 349, 350 Shaw, George Bernard, 28, 87,215, 176,286 Sheridan, Alan, xii Shirer, William, 131, 132, 133, 134, 141, 146 Shneiderman, Samuel Loeb, 256, 272, 278 Sholokov, Mikhail
Aleksandrovich, 65,105, 108 Signoret, Simone, 200 Silone, Ignatio, 321 Simenon, Georges, 135, 137 Sinclair, Upton, 87, 215, 286 Sirinelli, Jean-François, xii, 25,45, 84, 89, 118, 120, 146, 148, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156 Sobanet, Andrew, 25, 82, 245, 305, 316 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 243 Sondheim, Stephen, 137 Sophocles, 56 Souvarine, Boris, 245, 307, 320, 325 Speer, Albert, 7 Spender, Stephen, 211, 288, 294, 299, 321,337,338 Spengler, Oswald, 359 Sperber, Manės, 7, 9, 25,27, 32, 39, 48, 68,69, 80,81,89,165, 170, 171, 172, 183, 186, 189, 201,202, 203,204,205,206, 207, 208,227, 229, 300, 307, 313, 321, 327, 342, 343, 344, 345, 358, 360 Stalin, Joseph, 3, 14, 27,28, 31, 33, 60, 63, 64, 65, 74, 79, 80, 82, 83,
398 The Communist Temptation: Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and Their Times 85,89, 90, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 105, 106, 108, 123, 153, 156, 162, 167, 168, 169, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 184, 185, 186, 189, 190, 191, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199,205,211,212,213,215,216, 217,218,219, 221,222,225,233, 241,242,243, 244,245,246, 247, 248, 250,251, 268,270,272, 274, 276, 278,285, 289,294, 296, 298, 299, 300, 305, 306, 307, 308, 310, 311,313,315,316,318,319,320, 325, 326, 329, 330, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 351,360 Starkie, Enid, 321 Stavisky, Alexandre André, 129, 130, 131, 135, 136, 137, 138, 153 Steffens, Lincoln, 23, 28 Stojanow, Lioudmil, 256, 273 Strachey, John, 262 Strachey, Lytton, 254,262,275 Stravinski, Igor, 37, 51 Suarez, Georges, 42 T Tabidse, Galaktion, 279 Tagore, Rabindranath, 65, 85 Tardieu, André, 138 Tati, Jacques, 87 Teroni, Sandra, 25, 60, 80, 81, 107, 115, 154,213,215,216,217, 221, 222,223, 224, 225, 227,233, 234, 235,253, 254, 257, 258,259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 268, 270,271, 272,273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278,280,281,282, 283, 284, 285,286,287,288,289,325 Thalamas, Amédée, 142 Thibaudet, Albert, 48, 51, 62, 357 Thoreau, Henry David, 276 Thorez, Maurice, 81, 155, 156, 183, 184,220 Tikhonov, Nikolai, 65, 250, 256, 274, 278 Todd, Oliver, 69, 71, 74, 76, 98, 99, 100, 162, 163, 164,201,209, 221, 225,245, 293, 295,296,298,299, 300, 302, 386 Toller, Ernst, 254,271,286 Tolstoi, Alexei, 256,268 Tolstoy, Leo, 191, 193,268,286,311 Torimoto, Dr. Ikuko, xiii Touchard, Jean, 59 Triolet, Elsa, 180 Trotsky, Leon, 36, 38, 73, 74, 98, 99,
102, 105, 137, 138,156, 163, 167, 192,211,214,218,242,246,248, 253, 283, 289, 300, 319, 320, 340, 345 Tuchachevsky, Mikhail, 176, 340 Tzara, Tristan, 219, 235, 256,277, 286,335 U Uhse, Bodo, 280 V Vaillant-Couturier, Paul, 4, 6, 42, 63, 81,87, 96, 100, 111, 112, 113, 114, 117, 121, 185, 190,213,220, 221,234, 256, ,281,286, 324 Vaksberg, Arkady, 25, 86, 175, 186, 187, 190, 203, 223, 228, 341, 345 Valéry, Paul, 37, 39,41, 49, 51,214, 232,261,386 van der Lubbe, Marinus, 174, 177, 180 Varga, Eugène, 187 Vaugeois, Henri, 141 Ventura, Ray, 12 Vildrac, Charles, 111,215,220,245, 248 Visconti, Luchino, 177 Vlaminck, Maurice de, 38, 51 Voltaire, xi, 14, 36,213,281, 283, 305, 322, 323, 332, 360
399 Index W Wadia, Sophia, 231,238, 256, 282 Weber, Eugen, xii, 11, 38,45, 74, 90, 122, 124,129, 131, 134, 135, 137, 139, 141, 144, 147, 148, 150, 151, 157, 272, 280, 357, 358, 359, 360 Weidmann, Charles, 9, 11, 12,27 Weinert, Erich, 256, 282 Welles, Orson, 298 Wells, H. G., 87, 176, 215, 311, 343 Wessel, Harald, 171, 173, 180, 229, 233,254,255,342 Whitman, Walt, 276 Williams-Ellis, Amabel, 275 Wilson, Edmund, 23, 68, 138 Winock, Michel, 25, 53, 54, 62, 63, 84, 88, 110, 119, 145, 149, 152, 153, 154, 155, 180,218,220,221, 230, 235, 250, 306, 309, 310, 312, 313, 316, 320,360 Wong, Shelley, 238, 255,256, 282 Wright, Richard, 321 Wurmser, André, 117, 125, 317 Yezhow, Nikolai, 187 Zamyatin, Yevgeny, 194 Zinoviev, Grigory, 196, 241, 246, 312,325,342,347 Zola, Émile, xi, xii, 1,4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14, 19, 20,21,39, 69, 207, 214, 261, 273, 280, 288, 322, 352, 354,360,362,382 Zoschenko, Mikhail, 65 Zweig, Stefan, 191, 320 I Bayerische I Staatsbibliothek München
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Contents Acknowledgments. xi Introduction. 1 Paris 1935: The Fellow-Traveling Moment. 29 Chapter 1 The Left Bank anno 1935. 31 Chapter 2 André Gide: Reluctant Public Intellectual. 53 Chapter 3 André Malraux: Romantic Adventurer. 67 Chapter 4 Getting Organized: Rolland, Barbusse, and the Amsterdam-Pleyel Movement. 79 Chapter 5 The Kharkov and Moscow Writers Conferences, 1930-1934. 95 Chapter 6 “Communist Individualism” à la Gide. 105 Chapter 7 The AEAR and the Defense of Culture. Ill Chapter 8 The Riots of February 6,1934 and the Stavisky Affair.129 Chapter 9 Anti-Parliamentary Leagues and the Threat to Democracy. 141
Chapter 10 The Popular Front. 149 Chapter 11 André Malraux: From Adventure to Engagement. 161 Chapter 12 “(Leben) wie Gott in Frankreich”: The German and Russian Expat Community in Paris. 165 Chapter 13 Paris By Way of Moscow: Eugen Fried, Mikhail Koltsov, and Otto Katz. 183 Chapter 14 Ilya Ehrenbourg: From Russia With Love.191 Chapter 15 Arthur Koestier, Gustav Regler, Manės Sperber, and the Burden of Moral Integrity. 201 Chapter 16 The First International Writers Congress for the Defense of Culture:.209 Chapter 17 The Viktor Serge Affair.239 Chapter 18 “Having Congress”: The First International Writers Congress for the Defense of Culture. 253 Chapter 19 Malraux’s Wars.293 Chapter 20 Back from the USSR: Gide’s Retour de ľU.R.S.S. 305 Chapter 21 The Second International Writers Congress for the Defense of Culture.335
Chapter 22 Münzenberg’s Demise. 339 Chapter 23 Les Jeux Sont Faits.349 Conclusion La Débâcle. 357 Bibliography. 365 Index. 389
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388 The Communist Temptation: Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and Their Times . Le Socialisme en France et en Europe XIXe - XXe siècles. Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1992. . “Les Générations Intellectuelles.” Vingtième Siècle 22 (1989). . Histoire Politique de la Revue “Esprit" 1930-1950. Paris: Le Seuil, 1975.
Index A Abraham, Pierre, 215, 256, 263 Akhmatova, Anna, 100, 108 Alasan, Wagram, 279 Allégret, Marc, 56, 58, 109 Amendola, Giovanni, 85 Anderson, Sherwood, 87,90 Aragon, Louis, 6, 13, 24, 32, 36, 37, 41,42, 44, 45,49,51,59,61,71, 80,81,82, 95,96, 97, 100, 102, 103, 108, 116, 117,118, 119, 121, 125, 152, 163, 180, 181, 186, 198, 201,213, 218, 219,220, 225, 227, 229,231, 234, 245,254,256, 263, 280, 285, 295, 309, 310, 313, 336, 346,353,355 Aron, Raymond, 148, 346, 361 Aron, Robert, 45, 47, Artaud, Antonin, 41 Aschberg, Olof, 224, 343 Auden, 298 Azana, President Manuel, 297 В Babel, Isaac, 7, 100, 108, 162,186, 197,225, 254, 256,274,284, 308, 309,316 Bakalow, Georgi, 256,272 Balzac, Honoré de , 4, 38, 59, 66, 135, 260, 262 Barbusse, Henri, 2,4, 31,46, 61, 65, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90,91,93,95, 111, 114, 134, 174, 185, 194,201,213,218,220,221, 222, 229,233,234,245, 248, 255, 256,257, 270, 271,284,286, 307, 309,310,316,318, 322,324,373, 382 Bardèche, Maurice, 47 Bardoux, Jacques, 351 Barrés, Maurice, 56, 57, 59, 120, 227,260, 314, 322, 323, 330, 333, 385 Barthou, Louis, 138 Basch, Viktor, 153, 154, 251, 326 Baudelaire, Charles, 38, 278,280 Beach, 39, 51 Becher, Johannes, 95,100, 165, 213, 222,229,256, 268, 339 Belmondo, Jean-Paul, 137 Benda, Julien, 4, 5, 20,41, 48, 152, 153, 154, 228, 231,255,256,258, 269,335,353, 383 Benjamin, Walter, 36, 38, 165, 188, 191 Bergéry, Gaston, 173, 194 Berl, Emmanuel, 41,43 Bernard, Claude, 285 Bernstein, Henri, 142 Berton, Germaine, 142 Berzin, Yan Karlovich, 341 Bethoux, Olivier, xii Blanchot, Maurice, 45 Bloch, Jean-Richard, 4, 6,
81, 97, 103, 117,122, 125, 151, 152, 162, 195,215,220, 222,223, 233,255, 256,261,279 Bloy, Léon, 192 Blum, Léon, xi, 16,46, 47,48, 51, 80,96, 120, 123, 131, 132, 141, 151, 157, 174, 179, 227,246,288,
390 The Communist Temptation: Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and Their Times 295, 350, 366, 376 Blunt, Anthony, 262 Bonnard, Pierre, 37, 51 Borkenau, Franz, 178 Boyer, Charles, 137 Braak, Menno ter, 254, 265 Brasillach, Robert, 33,42,47, 120, 143, 147, 366, 383 Brecht, Bertolt, 95, 188, 189,213, 256, 265, 335 Breton, André, 37, 38, 51, 71, 80, 87, 95, 111, 151, 156,218,219, 224, 233,234, 248,251, 254,256, 277, 324, 367 Briand, Aristide, 142 Brod, Max, 188,256, 266 Brown, Chris, xii, 156, 176, 177, 178, 187, 221,346,367 Bukharin, Nikolai, 103, 107, 185, 190, 191, 193,194, 196,312,325, 326, 340, 373 Burgess, Guy, 262 C Cachin, Marcel, 90, 157, 185, 317 Camus, Albert, 6, 14, 75, 87, 118, 302, 306 Capa, Robert, 298, 367 Carel Franciscus, Josephus, 309 Carné, Marcel, 15,42, 124 Carrel, Alexis, 363 Cassou, Jean, 5, 45, 51, 117, 120, 154,219, 255,259,335 Caute, David, 23, 27, 99, 116, 153, 162, 164, 181,220,229,235,254, 260, 302, 303, 326, 335, 336, 362 Céline, Louis-Ferdinand, 42,44, 49, 234, 309 Cervantes, Miguel de, 115, 209,281, 323, 332 Chagall, Marc, 191 Chamberlain, Neville, 20, 349 Chamson, André, 2, 4,45, 48, 122, 151, 156, 224,226,236,256,271, 286,287, 322, 335, 337, 353, 355, 367, 368 Char, René, 111 Chautemps, Camille, 129, 131, 137, 173 Chevasson, Louis, 70 Chiappe, Jean, 90, 130, 139 Chirac, Jacques, 17 Churchill, Sir Winston Leonard Spencer, 167, 358, 359 Clappique, Baron, 76 Claudel, Paul, 37,41,49, 51, 64, 71 Clemenceau, Georges, xi, 142 Clerc, Henri, 254,256,266 Clotis, Josette, 300, 303 Cobb, Richard, 10, 11, 15, 368 Cocteau, Jean, 69, 109 Colette, 11, 135 Conrad,
Joseph, 40, 72, 191 Copeau, Jacques, 40, 64 Cortesão, Jaime, 256,274,287 Cot, Pierre, 174 Coty, François, 145 Crevel, René, 87, 111, 218,219, 223, 225, 226, 229, 233,254,256,257, 263, 284, 285 Crossman, Richard, 157, 169, 170, 184,201,202, 255,305,310,315, 321,369 Curtius, Ernst Robert, 62, 181, 320, 369 D Dabit, Eugène, 4, 36,40,42,44, 52, 87, 114, 117, 122, 123, 124, 125, 154, 214, 215, 226,284,285, 307, 309, 310, 312, 322, 358, 368, 369, 372 Daladier, Édouard, 8, 15,27, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 138, 151 Dall, Salvador, 219 Dalrymple, William, 35, 369 Dante Alighieri, 323, 332 Danton, Georges, 34
391 Index Dard, Olivier, 3, 369 Darnton, Michael, 16, 21, 27 Daudet, Léon, 33, 142, 143, 144 Davet, Ivonne, 62 de Beauvoir, Simone, 23, 36, 37, 47, 199, 346 de Gaulle, Charles, 17, 50, 67, 68, 73,161,205,295,296,300,301, 302, 328, 350 de La Rocque, Colonel François, 138 de Leeuw, A.S., 349 de Man, Paul, 329 de Rambouillet, Marquise, 48 de Saint-Exupéry, Antoine, 14 de Scudéry, Mademoiselle, 48 de Unamuno, Miguel, 85 de Yourcenar, Marguerite, 47 Debosscher, Adam, xii Debussy, Claude, 37, 51 del Bayle, Jean-Louis Loubet, 3, 378 del Vayo, Juan Alvarez, 256, 282, 341 Déroulède, Paul, 145 Descartes, René, 36, 69,265, 278, 332, 370, 384 Diaghilev, Serge, 37, 51 Diderot, Denis, 36, 100, 264, 379 Dietrich, Marlene, 188 Dimitrov, Georgi, 60, 61, 65, 88, 120,162, 171, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 184,258,273, 303, 320, 340, 343, 370, 379 Döblin, Alfred, 165 Donini, Ambrogio, 285 Doré, François, 71 Dorgères, Henri, 146 Doriot, Jacques, 184, 351 Dostoevsky, Fyodor Mikhailovich, 192, 249, 323 Doumer, Paul, 194 Doumergue, Gaston, 138, 150 Dreiser, Theodore, 87, 90, 95 Dreyfus, Alfred, xi, xii, 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 15, 19, 20,32,33,42,48, 53,58, 80, 99, 129, 132, 135, 138, 141, 145, 148, 150, 169,238, 250,256, 261,279,288, 326, 338, 350, 352, 353,354,361 Drieu La Rochelle, Pierre, 33, 41, 42, 44,49, 120, 149, 150, 234,294, 326, 360 Drumont, Édouard, ix, 137 du Gard, Roger Martin, 48, 54, 62, 71, 122,208,298,306,309,313, 316,328 Duchesne, Gabrielle, 87 Duclos, Jacques, 184 Duhamel, Georges, 44, 193,218, 233,248 Dujardin, Édouard, 255, 260 Durtain, Luc, 83, 153, 256, 267 Dzerzhinsky, Felix,
97, 161 E Ehrenbourg, Ilya, 6, 7, 32, 35, 37, 48, 80, 97, 162, 165, 186, 191, 192, 193,194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200,213, 215, 216,218, 219,220, 221,223, 234,239, 256, 264,265, 277, 278,286, 289, 294, 296, 306, 307, 309, 312, 313, 317, 336, 339, 365,371 Einstein, Albert, 85, 90, 172, 176 Eisenstein, Sergei, 65, 97, 169, 188, 317 Ellis, Havelock, 87, 238, 256 Éluard, Paul, 87, 152, 156, 180,219, 254,277 Engels, Friedrich, 262 Enlai, Zhou, 74 F Fadayev, Alexander, 102 Fargue, Léon-Paul, 37, 38,40, 51, 192 Ferdinand, Archduke Franz, 87 Fermandez, Ramon, 62 Fernandez, 134, 365 Fernandez, Ramon, 62
392 The Communist Temptation: Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and Their Times Ferrero, Guglielmo, 238, 256, 263 Feuchtwanger, Lion, 165, 212, 256, 272,276, 310, 317, 318, 319, 320, 360,371,374 Fischer Louis, 26, 369, 321, 371 Fischer, Ruth, 178 Flanner, Janet, 136 Forster, E. Μ., 33, 223, 254,255, 258,260,286,371 France, Anatole, 48,207, 214 Francis I, 17 Franco, Francisco, 23, 61, 72, 155, 156, 179, 185, 193,211,219, 267, 277, 283,293, 294, 300, 336, 337, 338,341,342,351,357,360 Frank, Leonhard, 254,256,276 Frank, Waldo, 269, 276 Franklin, Benjamin, 36 Freud, Sigmund, 112, 124, 343 Fried, Eugen, 7, 32, 80, 81, 155, 165, 183, 184, 185, 220 Friedmann, Georges, 43, 117, 125, 256,266,267 Frossard, Jean, 24 Furet, François, 11, 83, 170, 220, 235,371 G Gaxotte, Pierre, 33, 47, 151 Gérôme, Pierre, 256, 267 Ghéon, Henri, 64 Giacometti, Alberto, 16 Gibarti, 187,220 Gibarti, Louis, 187,220, 221 Gide, André, xi, xii, xiii, 1, 4, 6, 13, 17,20,21,22, 23,24,31,32,33, 34,35,37,38,39,40,41,42, 44, 45,46,48,49, 50,51,52,53,54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60,61,62, 63, 64, 65,66, 68,71,80, 83,87, 89, 90,91,92, 96,98,99, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 114, 115, 116, 120, 121, 122, 124, 126, 129, 134, 135, 139, 149, 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 161, 162, 163, 164, 168, 175, 177, 181, 200, 204,205,206,209, 212,213, 214, 215,218,220,223, 224, 226, 227, 228,229, 230,231, 232, 233, 234, 236,237, 238,239, 240, 242,243, 244,245,246,247, 249,250, 251, 255,256, 257, 258, 261, 264, 275, 278,279, 280, 282, 286,287, 288, 291,294,296,297, 298, 300, 303, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309,310,311,312,313,314,315,
316,317,319,320,321,322,323, 324, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 336, 338, 341, 350, 352, 353,355,360,361,362 Giono, Jean, 8, 46,295 Goebbels, Joseph, 60, 61, 166, 174, 176, 177 Gold, Michael, 87, 230, 256 Goldman, Emma, 242 Goldschmidt, Clara, 69, 303 Gómez, Isidora Dolores Ibarruri, 335 Gorguloff, Paul, 194 Göring, Hermann, 12, 176, 177, 178, 180 Gorky, Maxim, 62, 82, 87, 90, 97, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 108, 193, 194, 196, 224, 225, 233, 235, 255, 269,283,286,310,311,312,373 Green, Julien, 357, 358 Groethuysen, Bernard, 48, 63, 149, 200, 204,212 Groslier, George, 71 Gross, Babette, 166, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 176, 189,201,221,339, 342, 343 Grossman, Vassily, 225 Guegen-Dreyfus, Georgette, 279 Guéhenno, Jean, 4, 24,25, 36, 40, 45,61,80, 87, 114, 122, 151, 152, 154, 156,220, 226,227, 228, 229, 232, 236, 255, 256,259, 269, 283, 288,294, 308, 310, 316, 317, 322, 323,324,325,330,353,354 Guilbeaux, Henri, 351
393 Index Guilloux, Louis, 122,213, 309, 312 Guiney, M. Martin, xii Iwanow, Wsewolod, 65, 256,267 J H Hagströmer, Louis, xii Halévy, Daniel, 149 Hamsun, Knut, 77 Harris, Ruth, xii, 4, 67, 68, 69, 72, 73,74, 98, 161, 163,293,295, 300,301,303 Havel, Václav, 24, 25, Heine, German, 191 Hellman, Lillian, 188,298 Hemingway, Ernest, 40, 186,196, 294, 296,298, 342 Herbart, Pierre, 4, 63,109, 305, 306, 308,309,310,312,313,316,317, 320, 328 Herr, Lucien, 4, 42 Herriot, Édouard, 48, 133, 185 Herzen, Alexander, 96 Himmler, Heinrich, 203 Hitler, Adolf, 3, 7, 12, 14, 15, 33, 60, 80,81,83,86,88,91,111,129, 132, 138, 142, 148, 149, 153, 162, 164,166, 167, 168, 172, 174,175, 176, 177, 178, 179,185,189, 204, 211,215,221,281, 294, 295, 300, 303, 305, 320, 326, 330, 335, 339, 342,343,345,349,362 Hollande, François, 17 Hollander, Paul, xii Hoover, Herbert, 169, 367 Horn, Glenn, xii Hubermont, Pierre, 254,266 Hugo, Victor, xi, 14,46, 116,260, 261, 262, 264, 280, 283,284, 290, 360,371,372,374,381 Humm, Rudolf Jakob, 256,279 Huxley, Aldous, 223, 230, 254,255, 260, 286, 350 Incián, Ramon del Valle, 254, 286 Jacob, Max, 69,256 Jaloux, Edmond, 69 Jammes, Francis, 64, 192 Jaurès, Jean, 2 Jefferson, Thomas, 36 Johnson, Paul, 26, 375 Jordan, Michael, 134 Jourdain, Francis, 111 Joyce, James, 38, 39, 102 Judt, Tony, xii, 180,211,251,306, 324, 360 К Kai-shek, Chiang, 75, 242 Kamenev, Lev Borisovich, 196,246, 311,312, 325 Kandinsky, Wassily Wassilyevich, 16 Kantorowicz, Alfred, 256 Karavkina, D., 319 Karr, Alphonse, 357 Kataev, Ivan, 65 Katz, Otto, 165, 167,172, 173, 181, 183, 186,187, 188, 189, 190,220,
221,340, 341,345,346 Kayser, Jacques, 156 Kerr, Alfred, 255,261 Keynes, John Maynard, 12 Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich, 102,191, 199 Kilbalchich, Viktor Lvovich, 240 Kirchon, Vladimir, 250, 256 Kirkland, Bill, 243 Kirov, Sergei, 108, 175,179,211, 242,243,247,285, 311, 325, 333, 346 Kirschon, Vladimir, 280 Kisch, Egon Erwin, 188, 215,255, 259 Klee, Paul, 16 Klein, Wolfgang, 25, 60, 81, 107,
394 The Communist Temptation: Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and Their Times 115, 154,213,214,215,216,217, 221, 222,223,225, 226,227, 229, 230, 233, 234, 235, 253, 254, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265,266,268,270,271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283,284,285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 325, 349 Koch, Stephen, 27, 60, 70, 82, 83, 97, 102, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 186, 187, 188, 189, 202, 221, 226, 245, 250,294, 308, 310, 311,315, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 345, 361, 375, 383 Koestier, Arthur, 7, 25, 32, 67, 80, 81, 89, 165, 166, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 176, 177, 181, 184, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 201,202, 203, 204, 205,206, 208, 212, 221, 243, 294, 298, 302, 307, 318, 321, 343, 344, 345, 346, 363, 366, 368, 369, 373, 376 Kokoschka, Oskar, 16 Kolas, Jakob, 256,272 Koltsov, Mikhail, 6, 7, 32, 80, 81, 100, 162, 165, 181, 183, 186, 187, 189, 195, 196, 197, 217,220, 221, 222, 223,234,250,255,256, 264, 286, 289,296, 300, 310, 311, 313, 319, 320,335,338 Koudachova, Maria Pavlova, 84, 180 Kravchenko, Victor, 23 Kurella, Alfred, 85, 91, 174, 185 La Rocque, François, 132, 146, 150 Lalou, René, 212, 213 Lang, Fritz, 188 Langevin, Paul, 151, 153, 155, 326 Larbaud, Valéry, 37, 51 Last, Jef, 256, 279, 309,313 Laval, Pierre, 141,211, 248 Lawrence, T. E., 70 le Carré, John, 25 Le Savoureux, Dr. Henri, 340 Lefebvre, Georges, 45 Léger, Fernand, 69, 180,192 Lenin, Vladimir, 22, 36, 90,92, 98, 102, 167, 168, 169, 173, 192, 193, 198,245,246, 283, 303, 311,324, 343 Lenormand, Henri-René, 228,256, 281 Leonhard, Rudolf, 273
Leonhard, Susanne, 339 Leonhard, Wolfgang, xii Lermontov, Mikhail, 264,267 Lestringant, Frank, 49, 59, 60, 62, 105, 123, 134, 135, 157, 177, 181, 209, 215,220, 221, 227,234,235, 253, 283, 294, 306, 308, 309, 311, 312,314,315,317, 320, 324, 326, 329 Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 47,248 Lévy, Bernard-Henri, 25 Leys, Simon, 16, 67, 75, 98,287, 296,297, 299, 302, 303, 306, 307, 316, 326, 327 Lidin, Vladimir, 65 Lilla, Mark, 26 Lõhuti, Abulkosim, 256,273 Lombroso-Ferrero, Gina, 256, 263 London, Jack, 276 Lottman, Herbert, xii, 35, 36, 37, 41, 43,48, 49, 50,51,59, 60, 79, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90, 95, 96, 98, 105, 106, 114, 115, 116, 155, 156, 158, 165, 166,200, 201,215,221, 225, 226, 228, 229, 231,234,235, 240, 250, 253,270, 288,293, 294, 336 Louis XIV, 67, 301 Louis XVI, 133 Lovano, Dr. Michael, xii Lunacharsky, Anatoly, 191 Luppol, Iwan, 255,260
Index M Malevitch, Kazimir, 16 Malraux, André, 1, 4, 5, 6, 20, 24, 32,33,35,38,39,40,41,44, 46, 48, 50,59, 60,61,63,64, 65,67, 68, 69, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 83,91,92, 97,98, 99, 100, 102, 103, 105, 106,108,114, 115, 116, 117, 120, 121, 125, 151, 152, 155, 161, 162, 163,164, 177, 184, 186, 194, 196, 197, 199, 201,203, 204, 205, 208, 213,214,215,216, 218, 220,221, 223,224, 225, 226, 227,231, 232, 233,236,237,239, 240, 245, 246,253,256,257, 264, 265, 276, 282, 284, 286,287,288, 293, 294,295,296,298,299, 300, 301,303,313,320,328,335,336, 337, 342, 350, 352, 353, 355, 361, 362, 371, 373, 374, 376, 378, 382, 383,386 Malraux, Clara, 49, 70, 72,297, 302, 303 Mandel, Georges, 197 Mandelstam, Osip, 100,108, 195, 276 Mann, Heinrich, 254,276, 283, 335 Mann, Klaus, 266 Mann, Thomas, 165, 215,266 Mao Zedong, 75, 377 Marcel, Gabriel, 15, 41,42, 62, 124, 146, 157, 185,214,251,365,384 Marchwitza, Hans, 256,273 Marcuse, Ludwig, 285 Margueritte, Victor, 272 Marion, Denis, 256, 263 Maritain, Jacques, 62, 143 Marshall, Bill, 244, 245,246,247, 378 Marty, André, 184, 187,203, 299 Marx, Karl, 33, 63, 92,93, 114, 259, 262, 267,278, 291,329, 343 Massis, Henri, 33, 157, 159, 365 Masson, Pierre, xii 395 Matisse, Henri, 16 Maulnier, Thierry, 33,47, 143,231 Mauriac, François, 49, 54, 56, 62, 69, 71,214,218, 226,279, 298,306, 365,371,378 Mauron, Charles, 285 Maurras, Charles, 47, 120, 132, 142, 143, 144,145, 373 Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 102, 181, 192, 194 McMeekin, Sean, 25,27, 166, 167, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176,299, 342, 343, 345 Meulemans, Connie, xiii Meyerhold, Vsevolod, 97, 197 Michaelis,
Karin, 255, 262 Mikitenko, Iwan, 256,271 Mirbeau, Octave, 214 Miró, Joan, 17 Mitterrand, 17, 146 Modigilano, 192 Modigliani, 38, 51 Moliere, 63,281 Mondrian, Piet, 16 Monin, Paul, 72 Monnerot, Jules Μ., 279, 286 Monnier, Adrienne, 39, 51 Montaigne, Michel de, 73,267, 315, 323,330,331,332 Montand, Yves, 200 Mounier, Adrienne, 37 Mounier, Emmanuel, 45,248, 256, 278,350 Mouret, François, 315, 322, 323, 332 Moussinac, Léon, 220, 256, 274, 335 Moutote, Daniel, xii Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 69 Münzenberg, Willi, 6, 7, 18,25, 27, 32,35,50, 65,81,82, 83, 84, 88, 89, 90,91,92, 97,102, 165, 166, 167, 168,169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174,175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181,184, 186, 187, 188, 189, 194, 201,202,204, 207, 216, 217, 220, 221,222,236,255, 272, 339, 340,
396 The Communist Temptation: Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and Their Times 342, 343, 344, 345, 346 Musil, Robert, 255, 259,280 Mussolini, Benito, 28, 33, 85, 112, 124, 146, 148, 149,211,275,294 N Nabokov, Vladimir, 67, 191 Nakou, Lilika, 238, 256,274 Negrin, President Juan, 297,298 Neumann, Heinz, 340 Nevierov, Alexandrovich, 65 Nexo, Martin Andersen, 255,256, 263, 271 Nezval, Vítězslav, 285 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 69, 302 Nizan, Paul, 14, 41, 45, 47, 97, 103, 117, 119, 125, 161, 162, 163,215, 220,256,269, 335, 346 Norden, Albert, 91 О Orlov, Alexander, 341 Orwell, George, 23, 186, 250,294, 295,298,299, 337, 341, 346, 380, 381 Ory, Pascal, 45, 84, 89, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 152, 156,221, 227,235,253, 322, 349 Osten, Maria, 187 Ozolina-Krauze, Austar, 238,256, 273 P Panfjorow, Fjodor, 255, 261,262, 264 Paplham, Ben, xiii Paraf, Pierre, 227 Parker, Dorothy, 188, 298 Parmentier, Henri, 70 Passos, John Dos, 87, 90, 243,298 Pasternak, Boris, 97, 100, 108, 193, 195, 199,225, 227, 253,254, 256, 283,317 Paulhan, Jean, 39,41, 47, 71 Paz, Magdeleine, 245,251 Paz, Octavio, 337 Péguy, Charles, xi, 4, 20,41,42, 47, 162 Perse, Saint-John, 14 Pétain, Marshal, 143, 197, 360 Petersen, Jan, 230,256, 277 Philby, Kim, 344 Phocas, Paul, 45, 315,322, 323 Picasso, Pablo, 16, 37, 38, 51, 191, 192, 200, 296, 342 Pieck, Wilhelm, 175 Pilnyak, Boris, 65 Piscator, Erwin, 188 Plisnier, 278 Plisnier, Charles, 245 Politzer, Georges, 185 Popper, Karl, 24 Poulaille, Henri, 227,251,278 Pozner, Vladimir, 97, 162 Pressard, Georges, 137 Prévert, Jacques, 122, 123, 124 Proust, Marcel, 38, 42, 99, 280 Pujo,
Maurice, 141 Pushkin, Alexander, 264, 267 R Radek, Karl, 97, 99, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 167, 175, 189, 190, 195, 318, 325, 326, 339, 340, 341, 373, 381 Radiguet, Rayond, 69 Rebatet, Lucien, 143 Regler, Gustav, 25, 96, 101, 102, 103, 165, 169, 170, 176, 177, 178, 180, 186, 187, 189, 190, 201,202, 203, 205, 212,213, 226, 228, 229, 249, 250, 256,281, 286, 296, 297, 300, 326, 339, 344, 359, 363, 382 Rémond, René, 146 Resnais, Alain, 13 6, 137 Richelieu, Cardinal, 48, 67 Rimbaud, Arthur, 69, ΊΊ, 192, 278, 280, 291
Index Rivet, Paul, 153 Rivière, Jacques, 41, 145 Robespierre, Maximilien, 34 Rochefort, Henri, 77 Röhm, Erich, 326 Röhm, Ernst, 176, 177 Rolland, Romain, xi, 1,2, 3,4, 6, 14, 20,21,23,24,25,31,32, 34,35, 44, 47, 65, 79, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87,88, 89,91,93,111,113, 114, 115, 116,153, 154, 155, 168, 180, 185, 194,201,215,224,233, 242, 244,245,248,250, 264,286, 295, 309, 310, 314, 316, 318, 322, 324, 350, 352, 357, 361 Romains, Jules, 39,47, 193, 218, 233 Rousseau, Frédéric, xii, 25, 36, 38, 51, 142, 240, 264 Rouveyre, André, 53, 55 Russell, Bertrand, 23, 87, 181 Rysselberghe, Théo van, 114, 149, 212, 215, 230,232,239,240, 307, 308,310,313,317,350,387 Rysselberghe, Elizabeth van, 109, 110 Sadoul, Georges, 95,245 Said, Edward, 74 Salvemini, Gaetano, 227, 256,275, 276 Sand, Shlomo, 2,24,25,235 Sarkozy, Nicolas, 17 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 6,11, 14, 26, 27, 28,36,41,47,59, 75,163, 199, 246, 302, 324, 329, 346, 362 Satie, Erik, 37, 51 Schiffrin, Jacques, 309, 312, 313 Scott, Sir Walter, 276 Seghers, Anna, 213,215,222, 238, 256, 274,287, 326 Seifullina, Lydia, 65 Senior, Matthew, xii Serge, Viktor, 25, 60, 61, 63, 99, 397 105,135,210,211,217, 221,223, 224,239, 240, 241, 242, 243,244, 245,246,247,248,249, 250, 251, 253,275, 276, 278, 291, 307, 320, 325 Shakespeare, William, 39,40,115, 209,262,264,265,275, 280, 323, 332 Shattuck, Roger, xii, 209, 210, 211, 214,220,221,229, 230, 235, 253, 265, 287, 288,289, 349, 350 Shaw, George Bernard, 28, 87,215, 176,286 Sheridan, Alan, xii Shirer, William, 131, 132, 133, 134, 141, 146 Shneiderman, Samuel Loeb, 256, 272, 278 Sholokov, Mikhail
Aleksandrovich, 65,105, 108 Signoret, Simone, 200 Silone, Ignatio, 321 Simenon, Georges, 135, 137 Sinclair, Upton, 87, 215, 286 Sirinelli, Jean-François, xii, 25,45, 84, 89, 118, 120, 146, 148, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156 Sobanet, Andrew, 25, 82, 245, 305, 316 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 243 Sondheim, Stephen, 137 Sophocles, 56 Souvarine, Boris, 245, 307, 320, 325 Speer, Albert, 7 Spender, Stephen, 211, 288, 294, 299, 321,337,338 Spengler, Oswald, 359 Sperber, Manės, 7, 9, 25,27, 32, 39, 48, 68,69, 80,81,89,165, 170, 171, 172, 183, 186, 189, 201,202, 203,204,205,206, 207, 208,227, 229, 300, 307, 313, 321, 327, 342, 343, 344, 345, 358, 360 Stalin, Joseph, 3, 14, 27,28, 31, 33, 60, 63, 64, 65, 74, 79, 80, 82, 83,
398 The Communist Temptation: Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and Their Times 85,89, 90, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 105, 106, 108, 123, 153, 156, 162, 167, 168, 169, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 184, 185, 186, 189, 190, 191, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199,205,211,212,213,215,216, 217,218,219, 221,222,225,233, 241,242,243, 244,245,246, 247, 248, 250,251, 268,270,272, 274, 276, 278,285, 289,294, 296, 298, 299, 300, 305, 306, 307, 308, 310, 311,313,315,316,318,319,320, 325, 326, 329, 330, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 351,360 Starkie, Enid, 321 Stavisky, Alexandre André, 129, 130, 131, 135, 136, 137, 138, 153 Steffens, Lincoln, 23, 28 Stojanow, Lioudmil, 256, 273 Strachey, John, 262 Strachey, Lytton, 254,262,275 Stravinski, Igor, 37, 51 Suarez, Georges, 42 T Tabidse, Galaktion, 279 Tagore, Rabindranath, 65, 85 Tardieu, André, 138 Tati, Jacques, 87 Teroni, Sandra, 25, 60, 80, 81, 107, 115, 154,213,215,216,217, 221, 222,223, 224, 225, 227,233, 234, 235,253, 254, 257, 258,259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 268, 270,271, 272,273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278,280,281,282, 283, 284, 285,286,287,288,289,325 Thalamas, Amédée, 142 Thibaudet, Albert, 48, 51, 62, 357 Thoreau, Henry David, 276 Thorez, Maurice, 81, 155, 156, 183, 184,220 Tikhonov, Nikolai, 65, 250, 256, 274, 278 Todd, Oliver, 69, 71, 74, 76, 98, 99, 100, 162, 163, 164,201,209, 221, 225,245, 293, 295,296,298,299, 300, 302, 386 Toller, Ernst, 254,271,286 Tolstoi, Alexei, 256,268 Tolstoy, Leo, 191, 193,268,286,311 Torimoto, Dr. Ikuko, xiii Touchard, Jean, 59 Triolet, Elsa, 180 Trotsky, Leon, 36, 38, 73, 74, 98, 99,
102, 105, 137, 138,156, 163, 167, 192,211,214,218,242,246,248, 253, 283, 289, 300, 319, 320, 340, 345 Tuchachevsky, Mikhail, 176, 340 Tzara, Tristan, 219, 235, 256,277, 286,335 U Uhse, Bodo, 280 V Vaillant-Couturier, Paul, 4, 6, 42, 63, 81,87, 96, 100, 111, 112, 113, 114, 117, 121, 185, 190,213,220, 221,234, 256, ,281,286, 324 Vaksberg, Arkady, 25, 86, 175, 186, 187, 190, 203, 223, 228, 341, 345 Valéry, Paul, 37, 39,41, 49, 51,214, 232,261,386 van der Lubbe, Marinus, 174, 177, 180 Varga, Eugène, 187 Vaugeois, Henri, 141 Ventura, Ray, 12 Vildrac, Charles, 111,215,220,245, 248 Visconti, Luchino, 177 Vlaminck, Maurice de, 38, 51 Voltaire, xi, 14, 36,213,281, 283, 305, 322, 323, 332, 360
399 Index W Wadia, Sophia, 231,238, 256, 282 Weber, Eugen, xii, 11, 38,45, 74, 90, 122, 124,129, 131, 134, 135, 137, 139, 141, 144, 147, 148, 150, 151, 157, 272, 280, 357, 358, 359, 360 Weidmann, Charles, 9, 11, 12,27 Weinert, Erich, 256, 282 Welles, Orson, 298 Wells, H. G., 87, 176, 215, 311, 343 Wessel, Harald, 171, 173, 180, 229, 233,254,255,342 Whitman, Walt, 276 Williams-Ellis, Amabel, 275 Wilson, Edmund, 23, 68, 138 Winock, Michel, 25, 53, 54, 62, 63, 84, 88, 110, 119, 145, 149, 152, 153, 154, 155, 180,218,220,221, 230, 235, 250, 306, 309, 310, 312, 313, 316, 320,360 Wong, Shelley, 238, 255,256, 282 Wright, Richard, 321 Wurmser, André, 117, 125, 317 Yezhow, Nikolai, 187 Zamyatin, Yevgeny, 194 Zinoviev, Grigory, 196, 241, 246, 312,325,342,347 Zola, Émile, xi, xii, 1,4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14, 19, 20,21,39, 69, 207, 214, 261, 273, 280, 288, 322, 352, 354,360,362,382 Zoschenko, Mikhail, 65 Zweig, Stefan, 191, 320 I Bayerische I Staatsbibliothek München |
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| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:47:50Z |
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| spelling | Conner, Tom 1955- Verfasser (DE-588)1054974551 aut The communist temptation Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and their times Washington ; London Academica Press 2022 XIV, 399 Seiten 3 Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1919-1939 gnd rswk-swf Schriftsteller (DE-588)4053309-8 gnd rswk-swf Kommunismus (DE-588)4031892-8 gnd rswk-swf Geistesleben (DE-588)4274490-8 gnd rswk-swf Intellektueller (DE-588)4027249-7 gnd rswk-swf Frankreich (DE-588)4018145-5 gnd rswk-swf Communism and intellectuals / France / Paris / History Paris (France) / Intellectual life / 20th century Communism and intellectuals France / Paris 1900-1999 History Frankreich (DE-588)4018145-5 g Schriftsteller (DE-588)4053309-8 s Intellektueller (DE-588)4027249-7 s Kommunismus (DE-588)4031892-8 s Geistesleben (DE-588)4274490-8 s Geschichte 1919-1939 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-1-68053-689-8 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034153167&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034153167&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034153167&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister |
| spellingShingle | Conner, Tom 1955- The communist temptation Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and their times Schriftsteller (DE-588)4053309-8 gnd Kommunismus (DE-588)4031892-8 gnd Geistesleben (DE-588)4274490-8 gnd Intellektueller (DE-588)4027249-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4053309-8 (DE-588)4031892-8 (DE-588)4274490-8 (DE-588)4027249-7 (DE-588)4018145-5 |
| title | The communist temptation Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and their times |
| title_auth | The communist temptation Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and their times |
| title_exact_search | The communist temptation Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and their times |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The communist temptation Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and their times |
| title_full | The communist temptation Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and their times |
| title_fullStr | The communist temptation Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and their times |
| title_full_unstemmed | The communist temptation Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and their times |
| title_short | The communist temptation |
| title_sort | the communist temptation rolland gide malraux and their times |
| title_sub | Rolland, Gide, Malraux, and their times |
| topic | Schriftsteller (DE-588)4053309-8 gnd Kommunismus (DE-588)4031892-8 gnd Geistesleben (DE-588)4274490-8 gnd Intellektueller (DE-588)4027249-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Schriftsteller Kommunismus Geistesleben Intellektueller Frankreich |
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