Geriatrics and ageing in the Soviet Union: medical, political and social contexts
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2023
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| Beschreibung: | xv, 256 Seiten 6 Illustrationen |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents List of figures List of table Glossary Note on transliteration Notes on contributors Acknowledgements vii viii ix x xi xiv Introduction: Ageing in a Soviet context 1 Parti Soviet gerontology: Ageing as a field of scientific study 1 2 3 The legend of Gilgamesh: Attempts at its realization in Soviet gerontology Vladislav Bezrukov and Yurii Duplenko 15 17 Medical propaganda: Fairy tales and miracles of surgery Maria Tutorskaya Winding up the clock of life: Soviet research into infant ‘mortality’ in the context of ageing bodies Anna Ozhiganova 35 51 Part 2 Care for older persons: Soviet geriatrics, spatial organization and social support 71 4 5 6 Ageing minds and bodies: Caring for older patients at a Soviet psychiatric hospital Aleksandra Marta Brokman 73 A comfortable old age: Designing care homes for older Soviet persons Susan Grant 91 Age and the city: Older persons in Soviet urban milieu and thought in the 1970s and 1980s Botakoz Kassymbekova 113 Part3 Narratives of ageing, public and private 7 The modern babushka: Rethinking older women in late socialism Danielle Leavitt-Quist 129 131
Contents vi 8 9 The right to a permanent collection: Archiving the lives of Soviet pensioners Alissa Klots and Maria Romashova 149 Soviet life cycle and ageing: Through the lens of museums of medicine Katarzyna Jarosz 165 Part 4 International contexts 183 10 The burden of old age: The fate of older people in the Peoples Republic of Poland Ewelina Szpak 185 11 Ageing and gerontology in Britain after 1945: The ‘menace’ of an ageing population Pat Thane 207 Epilogue: Socialist ageing in a global context James Chappel and Isaac Scarborough 225 Select bibliography Index 239 244
Index Page numbers in italics refer to figures and tables. Abel-Smith, Brian 215 abortion 168,169 Abrikosov, Aleksey Ivanovich 177 Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR 24-5, 26, 28,29, 53,102 Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR 25,26 Academy of Sciences of the USSR 25, 27, 28,29, 62 accessibility building 114,119 healthcare 12, 79,200,211-12,214,228 space and 97,102 to x-ray equipment 77-8, 80 active rest 174-5 activism of older people archiving 149-50,152,157-8 for communism 6,11 modern babushki 133,146 n.7 adaptational theory of ageing 22-4 adult dependents 138 Agamben, Giorgio 83 age discrimination 12, 211-12, 220 ageing, global. See global ageing ageing process background and overview 2, 7, 225 classifications 27, 34 n.34 dementia 74, 87 n.3 physical-chemical studies 18-22 premature 51, 57,66 n.3 visionary biology 51-3 Age-related Variability as a Result of the Laws of Mutual Interaction of Organismal Elements’ (Belov) 22 age shifts. See demographic shifts age thresholds 124 n.l, 134,146 n.ll agriculture. See also farmers global 229-30 Poland 187,193-5, 202 n.7 Akhmeteli, Mikhail 227-8 alcoholics 76 All-Union Conference on Ageing, the Genesis of Old Age and Preventing Premature Ageing 24 All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine (VIEM) 53-4 All-Union Society of Gerontologists and Geriatricians 27 All-Union Society of Old Bolsheviks 152, 163 n.17 All-Union Symposium on ‘Neurohormonal Regulation in Ontogenesis’ 27 All-Union Task Force 24,28 All-Union Television 61 Alpatov, Vladimir 54 Al’perovich, Mikhail 160 American Nursing Home is a Design Failure, The’
(Davidson) 92 Amosov, Nikolai 56 Amphibian Girl’ (Charkovsky) 61 anaemia 175 Anderson, W. Ferguson 211 Anichkov, Nikolay Nikolaevich 177 animal experiments Arshavsky 53, 55, 56-7, 58, 61 Charkovsky 61, 62 museums 173 animal transplantation 41-3,45,49 n.28 annuities 187,193-4,195,202 n.8 anti-ageing treatments 8,17,52. See also rejuvenation apartment housing age-specific distribution 119 background and overview 114 living conditions 94 research 97 room counts 118 service accommodation 96,108 n.21 sports training 60 types 97,109 n.45,115-17,118 Apgar, Virginia 58
Index Apgar Score 58 Aquaculture 59, 61, 62-4, 63, 65 Archive of Perm Oblast 157-8 Archive for Private Persons 153-5 archives, state 151,157-8,164 n.33, 230 archiving Soviet pensioners 149-61 background and overview 149-51 local history museums 151 mobilization of older citizens 151-3, 160 personal legacies 153-61, 164 n.33 Aronson, Louise 2 Arshavsky, Ilya about 9, 53,54-5 alternative practices of child development 59-61, 62-4, 63 contributions overview 64-6 energy principle of skeletal muscles 53-6 infant immaturity 56-9 Ashwin, Sarah 137 assimilation limit 19 As the World Ages (Sivaramakrishnan) 233 atheism 11, 38, 52, 155 Atrophy of the Heart, The 196-8 attitudes to and perceptions of older people 7-8 autobiographical texts 153,162 n.6 autonomy 115,124 autopsy 176 auto-transplantation 45,49 n.28 Azerbaijan Medical Museum 171,173, 176,176-7 babushki background and overview 6,7,10-11, 131-3 gender and family 133-8 grandchild care 122-3,131,133-7, 139-41,196,231 sociology 141-5 state and labour in the household 138-41 babyboomer generation 218 Baranov, Anatoly 3 Baranskaya, Natalya 135 Bauer, E. 18,19-20,24,31 n.9 245 Becker, Ernest 179 Belov, N. 21-2 Bergauer, V. 19 Bernstein, Seth 142 Bethnal Green, studies on 215-17 between life and death 83-5 Beveridge, William 207,208, 209, 212, 217 Beznikov, Vladislov 3, 28,228 Bidder, J. 21 Trig history’ 150,162 n.6 biological gerontology, about 8-9,226, 227 ‘Biological and Social Foundations of Ageing’ council 25 biopolitics 186,201 n.3 biopower 201 n.3 bio social death 85 birth control 35,168,169, 208, 211 birth rates British
207-8, 211 global 5,225 Soviet 135, 141,152,168 Black Eagle Pharmacological Museum 175 Blagoveshchenskii, A. 18 bloc style housing 100,101,109 n.45, HOn.78 blood donation 175 blood-related illnesses 175 blood transfusions 17, 22, 33 n.21, 38, 52 BMA (British Medical Association) 210, 211 Boddington, Paula 81-2 Body Soviet, The (Starks) 37 Bogdanov, Alexander 22, 32-3 n.20-1, 38, 52 Bogomolets, Aleksandr 20,24-6,32 n.10, 45-6, 51 Bolsheviks 9, 36-7, 53,151-2 breast cancer 212 breastfeeding 54, 59, 60,61,171 Brezhnev, Leonid 6,107 n.14,113-14, 190 Britain’s ageing population 207-20 age discrimination 12,211-12, 220 background and overview 207-8 geriatric medicine 12, 210-11 later life diversity 217-19, 220 research 215-17, 226
246 social care 213-14 work 208-9 British Geriatrics Society 210 British Medical Association (BMA) 210, 211 British Regulation and Quality Improvement Authority’s Care Standards for Nursing Homes 102 building access 114,119 building styles 95-7,101,103,108 n.21, 109 n.45,110 n.78. See also specific styles Bulankin, I. 22-3 Bulgakov, Mikhail 41, 47 Calasanti, Toni 6 Campbell, David 177 cancer 19-20, 211-12, 226 care homes 91-104 built environment 96-9 Covid-19 pandemic 212 demographics 2, 91, 95,105-6 n.3-4, 108 n.25, 214,214 design and construction 93-6,103-4 design background and overview 10, 91-3,106 n.6 hospital transfers to 86 interiors 99-101,102-3 outdoor spaces 101-2 preference 86,116,123 self-contained 96-7,109 n.40 small scale 94,104 styles 95-6, 99-101,110 n.78 care of grandchildren. See grandchild care cells 18-19, 20,23, 31 n.8,32 n.16,231 cellular metabolism 34 n.35, 55 centenarians 178 Central Council of Trade Unions (VTsSPS) 104 Central Scientific Research and Design Institute of Standard and Experimental Accommodation Design (TsNIIEPzhilishcha) 95, 99, 100, 103 centralized building style 110 n.78 Charkovsky, Igor 59, 61-3, 63, 65 Chebotarev, D. 25, 26-7, 28 Chekhov, Anton 176 chelation 23, 33 n.24 childbirth 170,170-1, 231. See also pregnancy Index child development 59-61, 62-4, 63,171-2. See also physiological immaturity childhood illnesses 59 child-rearing 59-61,122-3,169. See also grandchild care cholera 173 chromatin 18,23, 31 n.8, 33 n.24 chromosomes 231 Churchill, Winston 217 class hierarchies 94,159 classifications of ageing 27, 34 n.34 Clinical
Medicine Division of the Academy of Medical Sciences 26 cold strengthening 59, 61, 63, 64-5, 68 n.58 collectivism 136,187, 229, 230 colloids 18,19, 20, 31 n.3, 32 n.10, 33 n.22 commemorative campaigns. See memory politics Commission for the dissemination of hygienic knowledge 35 communal apartment housing 114, 115-17 communism activism 152 labour 11,139 men 137-8,147 n.30 Poland 187 propaganda 35, 37 values and morality 133,140-1,145 women 6,133,137-8 conferences and symposiums on gerontology 24, 27-8, 54 Conservative government of Britain 209, 214 consumerism 132,136 continence care 77, 81-2 contraception 35,168,169, 208, 211 convergence thesis 235 coronavirus pandemic 91,212 Council of Ministers 104,151 Crawford, Robert 84 creativity hypothesis 59 Crisis of Endocrinology, The (Bogomolets) 45-6 cryonics 8, 52 ‘Cultivating National Health’ exhibit 36 ‘cultivation of public health is the work of the working class’ slogan 38, 39
Index cultural activities 81, 97-8,104 cybernetics 22, 32-3 n.20 Davidson, Justin 92 Davitashvili, Eugenia 62 daycare centres 134,171 dead body disposal 82 death concept 37 Gannushkin Hospital 82, 83-4 medical museums 11,175-9 natural 175-6,177, 178-9 pure 176 social 85 death decade 37 de Beauvoir, Simone 7 dedushki 154, 231-2 dehumanization 81-3, 84-5 dementia 74, 81, 83, 84, 87n3 demographic shifts Britain 207 global 225, 228-9 Poland 186-7,196, 202 n,9 Soviet 1-3, 25 Denial of Death (Becker) 179 Department of Health Enlightenment 38 Department of Maternal and Child Health 168 de-Stalinization 188,192, 200 developmental physiology 53-6 Dilman, Vladimir 21, 32 n.16 diorama of dying soldiers 176,176-7 disposable soma 32 n.14 DNA 23, 31 n.8, 33 n.24 Doerr, Wilhelm 176 Dogel, A.C. 24 dolphin babies 61 Doronina, L 135 Dresden glass man 174 Dresden Museum of Hygiene 174 duality concept of ageing 36 Durmanov, Dmitry 118 East Germany 186, 235 education, health. See health education; museums of medicine education and training, medical 41, 210-11 EHRC (Equality and Human Rights Commission) (Britain) 212 Ehrlich, Paul 40,48 n.14 247 elder care body management 80-3, 84-5 conclusions 85-6 Gannushkin Psychiatric Hospital overview 75-8 between life and death 83-5 overcrowding and staff shortages 79-80 elderly population rates. See also demographic shifts British 207 Polish 186,193, 204Ո.38 Soviet 92, 95,108 n.27 urban 115,117 elevational ageing mechanisms 21,32 n. 16 elevators 78, 99,101 On the elimination of illiteracy in the RSFSR’ decree 38 empire, role of 233-4 employment of elderly
137,138-9, 212, 219 Endocrinological Museum 41 endocrinology 36-7, 41-3, 44-7 energy funds 54, 55-6, 60, 62,65 Energy Principle of Skeletal Muscles 55-6, 60, 65 Energy Principle of Skeletal Muscles (Arshavsky) 60, 65 Engels, Friedrich 55 Equality Act (British) 212 Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) (Britain) 212 Ermakova, L. 136 Esping-Andersen, Gøsta 225 ethnicity 232-4 experimental science, defined 52-3 experiments with animals. See animal experiments ‘Extending Life’ programme 25, 29-30 extrasensory phenomena 61-2,63 fairy tales 17, 30 n.l, 40,46, 48 n.16 families archives 154, 156-7 British elderly 213, 214, 215-17 global ageing 228-9 housing 115,116, 117,118-19,124 multigenerational 117,118,134 Polish elderly 194,196-9, 204 n.46 power dynamics 141-2 Family and Kinship in East London (Young and Wilmot) 215-17
248 Index Family Code 5,13 n.ll, 118 Family Life of Old People, The (Townsend) 216 For Family Reasons 137 farm handovers to state 194-5 farmers global 229,230 Poland 187,193-5,202 n.7-8,230 fashion 142,148 n.49 Featherstone, Katie 81-2 Fedorov, Nikolai 52 Feldsher and Midwife 169 feminism 208,211, 235 fertility 5, 228 Fightfor Life and Health, The (Bogdanov) 22 financial independence 141-2 Firsov, Zaharii 59,61 Five-Year-Plans 96,103,173 foetuses 57, 62 Fomin, G.N. 96 Foucault, Michel 201 n.3 free energy 19, 55, 56 free medical care systems 172,187, 211 Frolkis, Vladimir 23-4 Fundamentals ofEndocrinology 44-5 Gaidukov, N. 18 ganglia 24, 33 n.26 Gannushkin Psychiatric Hospital body management 84-5 conclusions 85-6 elder care overview 75-8 between life and death 83-5 overcrowding and staff shortages 79-80 gardens 101-2,122,139-40,147 n.34 Gebhard, Bruno 174 gender. See also women and ageing care homes 94,107 n. 17 disparity 5,117 elder care 85 housing 117,121 roles 137-8,147n.3O, 231-2 genetic-regulatory theory of ageing 23 geriatric cabinets 119,127n51 geriatrics background and overview 1,4 Britain 12, 210-11 global 226-7 Soviet Union 26-7, 73,236 n.2 German Democratic Republic 186,235 German population in Peoples Republic of Poland 188 gerontology background and overview 4,8-9, 17-18 biological pre-history 18-22 Britain 219-20 funding 1,226-7,236 n.2 growth 24-30 life expectancy 51-2 Gerontology Branch of the National Institutes of Health 25 geropsychiatric care. See Gannushkin Psychiatric Hospital gestational dominance 57 Gierek, Edward 190 Gilgamesh, legend of 17, 30 n.l
Giprogor (Russian Institute for Urban Planning and Investment Development) 100,110 n.70 Glass, David V. 208 glass man 174 global ageing background and overview 225-6 conclusions 235-6 gender 230-2 race, ethnicity and empire 232-4 rural 228-30 science 226-8 Goldshtein, B. 23 Gomulka, Władysław 190 Gorbachev, Mikhail 104 Gorer, Geoffrey 178-9 Gorev, Nikolai 25,26 Gorky, Maxim 53 Gosstroi USSR (Ministry of Construction and Architecture) 95, 96, 99 government support for mothers 170 Graham, Loren R. 167 grandchild care Britain 215, 216, 219 Soviet Union 122-3,131, 133-7, 139-41,196, 231-2 grandfathers 154,219,231-2 grandmothers. See babushki Grando, Alexander 167 Grandparents’ financial help to younger generations 219 Grant, Susan 167,179 gravidan therapy 52
Index gravitational shock 62 Great Patriotic War 5-6,117,149,234 Green House home 104 Gudiene, Velma 167 Hall, Donald 2 Hall, Stephen S. 227 hardening the body 59, 61,63-5, 68 n.58 Harsch, Donna 235 Hazan, Haim 7, 8 health education 35, 38,41. See also museums of medicine ‘Healthcare of Russia -1917’ exhibit 36 Heart of a Dog (Bulgakov) 41 heart rates 56 Herald of Endocrinology 41 hetero-transplantation 41-3, 45, 49 n.28 Hilton, Claire 210 historical turn 149-50,161 history of medicine 165, 166-7. See also museums of medicine Hoffmann, David L. 84 Holodomor 234 Holquist, Peter 84 home visitation system 171-2 homo-transplantation 45, 49 n.28 hormones 32 n.16-17,48 n.17 ‘Hormones and the Bolsheviks’ (Kremenstov) 36 household labour 135-8,140-1,142 housing. See also apartment housing background and overview 2,4,10 British 213-14,214 family 115,116,117,118-19,124 micro-districts 115-16,119, 120-3 policy 113-14 sociology 114-15 types 97, 115-17,140 Housing Maintenance Offices (ZhEK) 139 humanization 10,120 Husemann, Friedrich 176 hygiene 38 museums 35-6,168,172-3,174 social 26-7, 35,46,171,172 hypothalamus 28, 34 n.35 hypoxia 53, 57, 58 hysteresis 18,19,20, 31 n.8 249 IAG (International Association of Gerontology) 28,226 ‘ideal’ Soviet 9-10, 74, 83-4,143 identification of hospitalized elders 85 illiteracy 38,158 imbalance of living systems 19, 31 n.9 immaturity, physiological 57-9 immaturity, social 193,198, 200-1 immortality fairy tales 17,40 Soviet pursuit of 7-8, 37-8, 52 incentives to have children 5, 207-8 individual, place of the 3-5 individual development, theory of 54-5
individualism 74,132,136,145 industrialization 187,190, 237 n.15 inequalities 6,189-90, 218, 232-4, 235 infants 52, 54, 56, 57-61, 62, 64,235 Inglot, Thomas 190 Institute of Blood Transfusion 33 n.21,38 Institute of Experimental Endocrinology 41 Institute of Experimental Pathology and Therapy of the Academy of Sciences of Abkhazia 173,178 Institute of Gerontology and Experimental Pathology 54 Institute of Gerontology in Kiev ageing classification 34 n.34 care home design 102-3 funding 226 research 4, 9, 23, 25-30,143 Institute of Labour and Social Policy 191 Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics 62 ‘Instructions for designing homes for the elderly and disabled people’ 103 intergovernmental agencies 227-8 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 227 International Association of Gerontology (IAG) 28, 226 iron lung 174,181 n.23, 227 Iron wine 175 Ivanov, Porfiry 63,68 n.58 Ivanov, V. 26 Ivanova, Tatiana 157 Ivan Pavlov (Todes) 44 Joseph Rowntree Foundation 218
250 Index Kadzhaia, Valery 135 Kashikhin, Leon 159 Kaup, Migette 104 Keynes, John Maynard 207 Khan-Magomedov, Selim 120 Kharkov school of developmental physiology and biochemistry 19, 20-1 Kholodkovskii, N. 18 Khrushchev, Nikita 5, 6,13 n.ll, 107 n.14, 113-14 Kiev 25,114, 115,117 Kiev Zonal Scientific-Research Institute for Standard and Experimental Design 97,103 Kizel, A.A. 18-19 Koltsov, Nikolai 46-7 Komarov, Lev 51, 52, 54 Kommunist 138-9 Komsomol (organization) 151,157-8,164 n.35 Komsomol (village) 158 Korenchevsky, Vladimir 226 Koriakov, S. 96 Kostukijukievicus, Anatloiiu 167 Krasnaia Zvezda 134 Kravchenko, A.T. 173 Kravkov, Nikolai 40 Krementsov, Nikolai 36-7,43-4, 52,167 Krokodil 144,144-5 labour Britain 208-9 gender 5-6, 231,232 household 135-8,140-1,142 modern babushki 131-2,133,134,145 Poland 189 rejuvenation and life expectancy 37, 55-6 therapy workshops 92,100,101 Labour government of Britain 208, 209, 211 Last Refuge, The (Townsend) 213-14,214 Latvian Medical Exhibition 169,170, 170-1 Latvian Society for the Promotion of Health and Education 169 Latynina, A. 154,160-1 Lawton, Julia 82-3 Leibing, Annette 85 leisure 120,132, 133-4,139,142-5 Leningrad 27,101,103,114,115-16,117 Lepeshkin, V. 18 ‘Life, Ageing, and Death’ (Nagornyi) 20 life cycle. See ontogenesis life expectancy 146 n.6 Arshavsky 54, 55-6, 57, 58, 60 Britain 207,217,218 gerontology history 19, 20 global 231,234 rejuvenation 37, 55-6 women 6,132-3,152,217,231, 237 n.15 lifts, building 78, 99,101 ‘Like a Fish in Water’ 61 Literary Gazette 152,154,155,160-1 living alone 215, 216 living death 83-4 living
water 40,48 n.16 location and housing 116-17 loneliness 135,196, 215 longevity 178,231,234,237 n.15. See also life expectancy Lovell, Stephen 74 magic 40,46 ‘March of the Pilots’ (Herman) 36,47 n.3 Marchuk, P. 25 maternity 168-71,170 maternity hospitals 54,60 maternity houses 170,170-1 Matryona’s Home (Solzhenitsyn) 131 Mechnikov, Ilya 18, 25 medical education and training 41, 210-11 medical equipment shortages 77-8 ‘Medical exhibition with an exposition of birth control items’ 169 medical museums. See museums of medicine Medical Research Council (Britain) 211 Medvedev, Zhores 54 Mekas, Taurus 167 memory politics 149-50, 151-2 mental health. See also Gannushkin Psychiatric Hospital background and overview 73-5 dementia 74, 81, 83, 84, 87 n.3 home care design 102,104 metabolism 19-20,21,55, 56
Index Metchnikoff, Elie 51 metformin 227 metro stations 119 MG-03-1 care home plan 100 micelles 20, 32 n.10 micro-districts 115-16,119,120-3 mind-body dualism 76,88 n.19 Ministries of Social Security 179 Ministry of Construction and Architecture (Gosstroi USSR) 95,96,99 Ministry of Health (Britain) 210 Ministry of Healthcare of the USSR 28 Ministry of Internal Affairs 151 Ministry of Social Welfare 94,96,99,103 Mitchell, Timothy 4 mobility 99-100 modern babushki. See babushki molecules 18,19,20, 23, 33 n.22 Molkov, Alfred 35 Monty Python 179 Moscow 98,100,103,108 n.27,115 Moscow Society of Naturalists (MOIP) 54 Moscow University Surgical Clinic 41-3 Mother Heroines 170 mother-in-law apartments 140 mothers, government support for 170 multigenerational apartment housing 118 multigenerational families 117,118,134 Murzilka 156 Museum of Healthcare in Tashkent, Uzbekistan 168-9,171,172,173, 174 Museum of Medicine of Azerbaijan 171, 173,176-7, 177 Museum of Social Hygiene 35-6 Museum of the Institute of the Sanitary Enlightenment 35 Museum of the Sklifosovsky Institute 36 Museum of Traditional Medicine in Isfara, Tajikistan 175 museums of medicine. See also specific museums background and overview 165-6 child development 171,172 conclusions 179-80 hygiene 172-3 methodology of analysis 166-7, 180 n.2 old age and death 176-9 as propaganda 35-6 251 prophylactic healthcare 173,174,175 reproduction 168-71 Nagornyi, A.V. 19,20-1,25 Napalkov, Nikolai 228 Narkomzdrav (Peoples Commissariat of Health) 35, 38,47, 74, 169 National Health Service (NHS) (Britain) 210,211,212 National Institute
on Ageing (NIA) (U.S.) 226-7 National Museum of Abkhazia 178 National Museum of Medicine of Ukraine 167, 169, 171, 172-3,175,176 natural death 175-6,177,178-9 Nedelia 131,135,136,142,143 neighbours 115,117,120,121 nervous systems 33 n.26, 55, 57 neurohormonal regulation 21, 27, 29-30, 32 n.17 neurology and psychiatry convergence 76, 88 n.19 new wallet 188-9, 203 n.23 newborns 52, 54, 56, 57-61,62, 64, 235 NHS (National Health Service) (Britain) 210,211,212 NII (scientific-research institutes) 29, 34 n.37 Nikitin, Boris and Elena 59-60 Nikitin, V. 22-3 Nuffield Foundation 208, 215 nursery schools 134,171-2 nursing homes. See care homes objective-management method of planning 29, 34 n.36 ‘Old Communist’s Story, An (Sokolov) 156 old wallet 188,189,202 n.23 ontogenesis about 21,22-4, 32 n.12, 32 n.16 Arshavsky 54, 56-7, 65 child development 171-2 conclusions 179-80 hygiene 172-3 methodology of analysis 166-7 museum narratives overview 165-6 old age and death 175-9 prophylactic healthcare 173,174-5 reproduction 168-71
252 Oppel, Vladimir 45 organic psychoses 76, 88 ո. 14 outdoor space 101-2,121-3 overcrowding, hospital 77,79, 82 P-03-2 care home plan 100-1 paint colours for care homes 102-3 pansionāts 94, 97,107 n,17,108 n,25 Paperno, Irina 162 n.6 parallel-crossed organismal construction 22 paranormal phenomena 61-2 para-science 63,65 Party Central Committee 104 pathogenesis 26, 86,177 patient expectations 43 Pauls Stradins Museum of the History of Medicine 170,170-1,173-4,175 pavilion style care homes 101,110 n.78 Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich 24,44, 51, 64,177 Pavlovskaia, Elena 120-3 peasants 46-7,187. See also farmers pensioner’s homes, Polish 199, 204n54 pension policy in Peoples Republic of Poland conclusion 200-1 discourse 191-3 legal framework 187-91, 202 n.17, 202 n.23, 202 n.28 rural ageing 193-6 urban ageing 196-200, 204 n.46 pensions British 208, 209, 216, 218 global 229 labour 137,138,142, 208 pension age 124 n.l, 134,146 n.ll, 207, 209 Polish (see pension policy in Peoples Republic of Poland) reformó, 146 n.ll, 152,229 Peoples Commissariat of Health (Narkomzdrav) 35, 38, 47, 74,169 Peoples Republic of Poland and old age background and overview 185-7, 202 n.7-9 conclusions 200-1 discourse 191-3 legal framework for pension policy 187-91, 202 n.17, 202 n.23, 202 n.28 Index rural ageing 193-6, 230 urban ageing 196-200, 204 n.46 perceptions of and attitudes to the elderly 7-8 perestroika 104 Peri, Alexis 142 Perm City Women’s Soviet 157,160 personality 150 personhood 83-4,85, 86 Pfluger, E. 19 PGRs (State Agricultural Farms) 187,193 Pharmacy Museum 36 phenotypes 58, 60-1 physical
activity 9 Arshavsky 54, 55-7, 58-9, 61, 65 child rearing 59-61 physical-chemical study of ageing process 18-22 Physical Culture and Sport 60, 61 physiological collectivism 38, 52 physiological immaturity 57-9 Physiological Mechanisms and Patterns of Individual Development (Arshavsky) 55 physiological self-regulation 21 Pinch, The (Willetts) 218 Pioner 156 Pirogov, N.I. 35, 47 n.2 Pirogov Society 47 n.2 place of the individual 3-5 playgrounds 122,123 Poland, People’s Republic of. See People’s Republic of Poland and old age polio 173,174,181 n.23 Polish United Workers’ Party (PZPR) 190, 192 Poor Law 210,213 Popov, Gavriil 46 poverty in Britain 215, 217, 218 power dynamics of family 141-2 pregnancy 57, 61, 62,168-71 premature ageing 51, 57, 66 n.3 preventative medicine 36, 38, 73-4, 80-1, 174 private plot gardening 139-40,147 n.34 privileges, social 94,100,188-9,190, 203 n.23 Problem ofAgeing and Longevity, The (Nagornyi) 21, 23 Prokin, Alexander 41-3, 45, 49 n.21
Index pro-natalism 5 propaganda, medical background and overview 35 museums 35-6,39, 47 publications 43-5,46 ‘radical’ science 38, 40-3, 44-7 rejuvenation 36-8, 40-1,43,47 reproduction and child rearing 168, 169 prophylactic healthcare 74,173-5 proteins 18-19, 20, 23, 31 n.8 protoplasmic hysteresis 18,19,20, 31 n.8 pseudoscience 65 psychiatric care. See Gannushkin Psychiatric Hospital psychiatry and neurology convergence 76, 88 n.19 psychics 61-2 psychotropic medication 81 public hygiene 26-7, 35, 46,171,172-3 pure death 176 PZPR (Polish United Workers’ Party) 190, 192 queuers 196 quiet archival revolution. See archiving Soviet pensioners race 207, 232-4 Rakitin, Vasilii 158 rate-of-living theory 55 ‘Reactive Capacities of the Ageing Organism’ symposium 27-8 Red Cross Infant Nursery 169 rejuvenation 7 life expectancy 37, 55-6 medical propaganda 36-8,40-1,43,47 Rejuvenation (Vasilevsky) 40 reproduction 5,168-71 research, scientific Aquaculture 59, 61, 62-4, 63, 65 British 211 death 37-8 developmental physiology 54-8 endocrinology 44,45 global 226-7, 234 infant development 59-64, 63 Institute of Gerontology 24-30 life extension 40-1, 51-2, 60 ontogenesis 22-4 253 paranormal phenomena 61-2, 65 popularity 52-3 pre-gerentology history 18-22 psychiatry 73-4, 76,87 n.3 scientific-research institute 29, 34 n.37 urban ageing 113,114,116,120-3 research, social British 215-20 care homes 92, 97-8,103 work 208-9 retirement age 124 n.l, 134,146 n.ll Britain 209 modern babushki 133-4,139 Poland 188,189-90,191, 202 n.8 Revolutionary Experiments (Krementsov) 35-6 revolution in sciences 37,
44 roentgen equipment 78 roles, gender 137-8, 147 n.30,231-2 Round, John 229 Rozanov, Vladimir 45,49 n.27-8 Rubanenko, Boris Rafailovich 95,108 n.28 Rubner, Max 19, 55 Rudakov, P.G. 95, 97-8, 99,100,102 Rudeiko, VA. 109 n.41,110 n.78 rural ageing 193-6, 228-30 Russell, Bertrand 53 Russian Folk Medicine (Popov) 46 Russian Institute for Urban Planning and Investment Development (Giprogor) 100,110 n.70 Russian Medical Museum 35, 36, 39,42, 47 Russian Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists 73 Ružička, V. 19 Saltykov, R.A. 173 Samarina, A. 103 sanatoria 141,174-5 sanitation 171,172-3 Sarkizov-Serazini, Ivan 64-5 schizophrenia 76 science and story of ageing 3-4 science revolution 37, 44 Scientific Council on Applied Human Physiology 28 Scientific Council on Gerontology and Geriatrics 24-5, 28
254 Scientific Outlook, lhe (Russell) 53 scientific-research institutes (NII) 29, 34 n.37 Scotland 211 Second World War 5-6,117,149,234 ‘second youth’ 134,135,142,143 self-contained care homes 96-7,109 n.40 self-fulfillment 133-4 self-improvement 9-10,74-5, 83-4 Semashko, Nikolai A. 38,46, 74,173 semi-alternative science 65-6 senility 42-3 Seventeenth International Congress of Medicine 40 sexuality 168-9 Shapiro, V.D. 140,141 Shereshevskii, N. 24 Shervinsky, Vasily D. 41,44-5 Shibaeva, A.N. 169 Shmalgauzen, 1.21,24,25 Shock, Nathan W. 28,226 Shumeiko, Elena Vladimirovna 153 Sidenbladh, Erik 61 sidewalks 119 Sina, Ibn 168 single-family apartment housing 115,116 Sivaramakrishnan, Kavita 233 skeletal muscles principle 55-6,60,65 Skripalev, Vladimir 59, 60 smallpox 173 small-scale care homes 104 Smirnova, Oľga 109 n.45-6 social conscience 198 social death 85 social hygiene 26-7, 35,46,171,172-3 social immaturity 193,198, 200-1 socialism babushki 131-2,133,140 capitalism 225,227,232,235 care homes 93, 97,98,100,101 medicine 37,42 memory 150,153,155,160,161 Poland 190,191-2 race and ethnicity 234 rural ageing 230 Social Security (U.S.) 229,233 ‘Social Surveys of Old People’ 215 social welfare centres 104,200 socially useful work 11, 133-4, 136-7, 138,140 Index Society of Russian Doctors 35,47 n.2 Socio-cultural Aspects of the Formation ofMaterial-spatial Leisure Environments and Older People’s Interaction in Urban Near-house Territories (Pavlovskaia) 120-3 sociology 114,141-5 Sokolov, Grigoril 156 Sokolova, Anna 37 Sokolova, Galina 155-6,159, 160 Sokolova, Valentine Grigor’evna
149,150, 155-61,163 n.26 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 131 Soviet Academy of Medical Sciences 24-5, 26,28,29, 53,102 Soviet Academy of Sciences 25,27,28, 29,62 Soviet Commissariat of Health 173 Soviet Council of Ministers 104 Soviet Woman 142 specialists, medical 25-6, 29, 79 sports training 59, 60, 61 stable imbalance of living systems 19, 31 n.9 ‘Stadium in an Apartment’ column 60 staff shortages, hospital 79-80,82 Stańczak- Wiślicz, Katarzyna 192 standard of living 6,142,233 standardization 4, 96, 234 Starks, Tricia 37,167,171-2 State Agricultural Farms (PGRs) 187,193 State Archival Regulations of 1941 164 n.33 State Archive of the Perm Oblast 149,157 State Committee for Civil Construction and Architecture 96 ‘state effects’ 4 State Institute of Social Hygiene 35 Steinach, Eugene 40, 48 n.17 stereotypes 7, 217, 219, 220 stories, about 165-6 Strazheskii, N. 26 streets 119 stress response 61,65 stressful stimulation 58 styles and types, building. See also specific building styles and types apartment housing 97,109 n.45, 115-17,118 care homes 95-6, 99-101,110 n.78
Index supernatural 65 surveys British 215-17 care home design 93, 97-8, 99,109 n.46 grandchild raising 134,143 housing 120-1 swimming 59, 61, 62-4, 63, 65 ‘Swimming before Walking’ (Charkovsky) 61 syphilis 40,168-9 systems theory 22, 33 n.20 Szpak, Ewelina 230 Tallinn school of urban sociology 120 tank respirator 174, 181 n.23, 227 Tarkhanov, Ivan 51 technological revolution 135-6 teen obligation to grandparents 143-5,144 tektology 22, 32-3 n.20 testicle transplantation 41,43 theory of conditional reflexes 64 theory of dominant focus 57 theory of individual development 54-5 Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (Esping-Andersen) 225 tipizatsiia 96 tipovoe building style 95-6,100,103, 108 n.24, HOn.78 Todes, Daniel P. 44 ‘Towards the Causes of Ageing’ (Bauer) 19 Townsend, Peter 213-15,214, 216, 217 transfer of farms to state 194-5 transparent man 174 transplantation 41-3,45, 48 n.17,49 n.28 transportation 116,119 transporting patients 78-9, 82 treatment exclusion of elderly 211-12 Trzebiński, Jerzy 166 TsNIIEP zhilishcha (Central Scientific Research and Design Institute of Standard and Experimental Accommodation Design) 95,99, 100,103 types and styles, building. See styles and types, building Ukhtomsky, Alexei 53, 57 Ukrainian National Medical Museum 175, 177 255 United Kingdom 102. See also Britain’s ageing population United Nations (UN) 227, 228 United States care homes 104 research 226-7,234 rural ageing 228,230 USSR comparison 235 welfare 229, 233 urban ageing background and overview 10,113-15, 125 n.8 built environment 120-3 global 230 housing types 115-17 infrastructure
118-23 in Poland 187,196-200,204 n.46 scientific research 113,114,116,120-3 urban sociology 114,120 Urlanis, Boris 231, 237nl5 useful work 11,133-4,136-7, 138,140 vaccines 173 Vasilevsky, Lev 40-1, 43 venereal diseases 40,107 n.17,168-9 VIEM (All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine) 53-4 visionary biology 51-3 voivodeships 191, 203 n.30 volunteering 151, 152, 219 Voronov, S.A. 24 walking 119,123 Warren, Marjorie 210, 211 war representations 177 We and Our Children (Nikitin and Nikitin) 60 Wedderburn, Dorothy 213, 214, 215, 217 Week Like Any Other, A (Baranskaya) 135 welfare, social British 217, 219 global 225, 233 Polish 190,195-6,200 reforms 6,13 n. 15 West Germany 235 Western urbanist thought 114,125 n.8 WHO (World Health Organization) 34 n.34, 58,170-1, 175-6, 227-8 Willetts, David 218, 219 Wilmot, Peter 215-17
Index 256 women and ageing 5-6 activism 6,133,146 n.7,149,152 Britain 209,217, 218 communism 6,133,137-8 double burden 135,142,232 global ageing 230-2 life expectancy 6,132-3,152, 217,231, 237 n.15 Polands pension policy 198-200 Womens Soviet 157,160 Women’s Voluntary Service (WVS) (UK) 213 Wonderful Achievements of Science, The (Koltsov) 46 Woodford, study in 216-17 work efficiency 208-9 workhouses (UK) 213-14 working on oneself 9-10, 74-5, 83-4 World Health Organization (WHO) 34 n.34, 58, 170-1, 175-6,227-8 x-ray exams 78, 80 yards 121,122 Young, Michael 215-17 youth obligation to grandparents 143-5, 144 Zamkov, Alexey 52 Zavadovskii, Μ. 24 ZhEK (Housing Maintenance Offices) 139 Zumrad 175 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
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Contents List of figures List of table Glossary Note on transliteration Notes on contributors Acknowledgements vii viii ix x xi xiv Introduction: Ageing in a Soviet context 1 Parti Soviet gerontology: Ageing as a field of scientific study 1 2 3 The legend of Gilgamesh: Attempts at its realization in Soviet gerontology Vladislav Bezrukov and Yurii Duplenko 15 17 Medical propaganda: Fairy tales and miracles of surgery Maria Tutorskaya Winding up the clock of life: Soviet research into infant ‘mortality’ in the context of ageing bodies Anna Ozhiganova 35 51 Part 2 Care for older persons: Soviet geriatrics, spatial organization and social support 71 4 5 6 Ageing minds and bodies: Caring for older patients at a Soviet psychiatric hospital Aleksandra Marta Brokman 73 A comfortable old age: Designing care homes for older Soviet persons Susan Grant 91 Age and the city: Older persons in Soviet urban milieu and thought in the 1970s and 1980s Botakoz Kassymbekova 113 Part3 Narratives of ageing, public and private 7 The modern babushka: Rethinking older women in late socialism Danielle Leavitt-Quist 129 131
Contents vi 8 9 The right to a permanent collection: Archiving the lives of Soviet pensioners Alissa Klots and Maria Romashova 149 Soviet life cycle and ageing: Through the lens of museums of medicine Katarzyna Jarosz 165 Part 4 International contexts 183 10 The burden of old age: The fate of older people in the Peoples Republic of Poland Ewelina Szpak 185 11 Ageing and gerontology in Britain after 1945: The ‘menace’ of an ageing population Pat Thane 207 Epilogue: Socialist ageing in a global context James Chappel and Isaac Scarborough 225 Select bibliography Index 239 244
Index Page numbers in italics refer to figures and tables. Abel-Smith, Brian 215 abortion 168,169 Abrikosov, Aleksey Ivanovich 177 Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR 24-5, 26, 28,29, 53,102 Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR 25,26 Academy of Sciences of the USSR 25, 27, 28,29, 62 accessibility building 114,119 healthcare 12, 79,200,211-12,214,228 space and 97,102 to x-ray equipment 77-8, 80 active rest 174-5 activism of older people archiving 149-50,152,157-8 for communism 6,11 modern babushki 133,146 n.7 adaptational theory of ageing 22-4 adult dependents 138 Agamben, Giorgio 83 age discrimination 12, 211-12, 220 ageing, global. See global ageing ageing process background and overview 2, 7, 225 classifications 27, 34 n.34 dementia 74, 87 n.3 physical-chemical studies 18-22 premature 51, 57,66 n.3 visionary biology 51-3 Age-related Variability as a Result of the Laws of Mutual Interaction of Organismal Elements’ (Belov) 22 age shifts. See demographic shifts age thresholds 124 n.l, 134,146 n.ll agriculture. See also farmers global 229-30 Poland 187,193-5, 202 n.7 Akhmeteli, Mikhail 227-8 alcoholics 76 All-Union Conference on Ageing, the Genesis of Old Age and Preventing Premature Ageing 24 All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine (VIEM) 53-4 All-Union Society of Gerontologists and Geriatricians 27 All-Union Society of Old Bolsheviks 152, 163 n.17 All-Union Symposium on ‘Neurohormonal Regulation in Ontogenesis’ 27 All-Union Task Force 24,28 All-Union Television 61 Alpatov, Vladimir 54 Al’perovich, Mikhail 160 American Nursing Home is a Design Failure, The’
(Davidson) 92 Amosov, Nikolai 56 Amphibian Girl’ (Charkovsky) 61 anaemia 175 Anderson, W. Ferguson 211 Anichkov, Nikolay Nikolaevich 177 animal experiments Arshavsky 53, 55, 56-7, 58, 61 Charkovsky 61, 62 museums 173 animal transplantation 41-3,45,49 n.28 annuities 187,193-4,195,202 n.8 anti-ageing treatments 8,17,52. See also rejuvenation apartment housing age-specific distribution 119 background and overview 114 living conditions 94 research 97 room counts 118 service accommodation 96,108 n.21 sports training 60 types 97,109 n.45,115-17,118 Apgar, Virginia 58
Index Apgar Score 58 Aquaculture 59, 61, 62-4, 63, 65 Archive of Perm Oblast 157-8 Archive for Private Persons 153-5 archives, state 151,157-8,164 n.33, 230 archiving Soviet pensioners 149-61 background and overview 149-51 local history museums 151 mobilization of older citizens 151-3, 160 personal legacies 153-61, 164 n.33 Aronson, Louise 2 Arshavsky, Ilya about 9, 53,54-5 alternative practices of child development 59-61, 62-4, 63 contributions overview 64-6 energy principle of skeletal muscles 53-6 infant immaturity 56-9 Ashwin, Sarah 137 assimilation limit 19 As the World Ages (Sivaramakrishnan) 233 atheism 11, 38, 52, 155 Atrophy of the Heart, The 196-8 attitudes to and perceptions of older people 7-8 autobiographical texts 153,162 n.6 autonomy 115,124 autopsy 176 auto-transplantation 45,49 n.28 Azerbaijan Medical Museum 171,173, 176,176-7 babushki background and overview 6,7,10-11, 131-3 gender and family 133-8 grandchild care 122-3,131,133-7, 139-41,196,231 sociology 141-5 state and labour in the household 138-41 babyboomer generation 218 Baranov, Anatoly 3 Baranskaya, Natalya 135 Bauer, E. 18,19-20,24,31 n.9 245 Becker, Ernest 179 Belov, N. 21-2 Bergauer, V. 19 Bernstein, Seth 142 Bethnal Green, studies on 215-17 between life and death 83-5 Beveridge, William 207,208, 209, 212, 217 Beznikov, Vladislov 3, 28,228 Bidder, J. 21 Trig history’ 150,162 n.6 biological gerontology, about 8-9,226, 227 ‘Biological and Social Foundations of Ageing’ council 25 biopolitics 186,201 n.3 biopower 201 n.3 bio social death 85 birth control 35,168,169, 208, 211 birth rates British
207-8, 211 global 5,225 Soviet 135, 141,152,168 Black Eagle Pharmacological Museum 175 Blagoveshchenskii, A. 18 bloc style housing 100,101,109 n.45, HOn.78 blood donation 175 blood-related illnesses 175 blood transfusions 17, 22, 33 n.21, 38, 52 BMA (British Medical Association) 210, 211 Boddington, Paula 81-2 Body Soviet, The (Starks) 37 Bogdanov, Alexander 22, 32-3 n.20-1, 38, 52 Bogomolets, Aleksandr 20,24-6,32 n.10, 45-6, 51 Bolsheviks 9, 36-7, 53,151-2 breast cancer 212 breastfeeding 54, 59, 60,61,171 Brezhnev, Leonid 6,107 n.14,113-14, 190 Britain’s ageing population 207-20 age discrimination 12,211-12, 220 background and overview 207-8 geriatric medicine 12, 210-11 later life diversity 217-19, 220 research 215-17, 226
246 social care 213-14 work 208-9 British Geriatrics Society 210 British Medical Association (BMA) 210, 211 British Regulation and Quality Improvement Authority’s Care Standards for Nursing Homes 102 building access 114,119 building styles 95-7,101,103,108 n.21, 109 n.45,110 n.78. See also specific styles Bulankin, I. 22-3 Bulgakov, Mikhail 41, 47 Calasanti, Toni 6 Campbell, David 177 cancer 19-20, 211-12, 226 care homes 91-104 built environment 96-9 Covid-19 pandemic 212 demographics 2, 91, 95,105-6 n.3-4, 108 n.25, 214,214 design and construction 93-6,103-4 design background and overview 10, 91-3,106 n.6 hospital transfers to 86 interiors 99-101,102-3 outdoor spaces 101-2 preference 86,116,123 self-contained 96-7,109 n.40 small scale 94,104 styles 95-6, 99-101,110 n.78 care of grandchildren. See grandchild care cells 18-19, 20,23, 31 n.8,32 n.16,231 cellular metabolism 34 n.35, 55 centenarians 178 Central Council of Trade Unions (VTsSPS) 104 Central Scientific Research and Design Institute of Standard and Experimental Accommodation Design (TsNIIEPzhilishcha) 95, 99, 100, 103 centralized building style 110 n.78 Charkovsky, Igor 59, 61-3, 63, 65 Chebotarev, D. 25, 26-7, 28 Chekhov, Anton 176 chelation 23, 33 n.24 childbirth 170,170-1, 231. See also pregnancy Index child development 59-61, 62-4, 63,171-2. See also physiological immaturity childhood illnesses 59 child-rearing 59-61,122-3,169. See also grandchild care cholera 173 chromatin 18,23, 31 n.8, 33 n.24 chromosomes 231 Churchill, Winston 217 class hierarchies 94,159 classifications of ageing 27, 34 n.34 Clinical
Medicine Division of the Academy of Medical Sciences 26 cold strengthening 59, 61, 63, 64-5, 68 n.58 collectivism 136,187, 229, 230 colloids 18,19, 20, 31 n.3, 32 n.10, 33 n.22 commemorative campaigns. See memory politics Commission for the dissemination of hygienic knowledge 35 communal apartment housing 114, 115-17 communism activism 152 labour 11,139 men 137-8,147 n.30 Poland 187 propaganda 35, 37 values and morality 133,140-1,145 women 6,133,137-8 conferences and symposiums on gerontology 24, 27-8, 54 Conservative government of Britain 209, 214 consumerism 132,136 continence care 77, 81-2 contraception 35,168,169, 208, 211 convergence thesis 235 coronavirus pandemic 91,212 Council of Ministers 104,151 Crawford, Robert 84 creativity hypothesis 59 Crisis of Endocrinology, The (Bogomolets) 45-6 cryonics 8, 52 ‘Cultivating National Health’ exhibit 36 ‘cultivation of public health is the work of the working class’ slogan 38, 39
Index cultural activities 81, 97-8,104 cybernetics 22, 32-3 n.20 Davidson, Justin 92 Davitashvili, Eugenia 62 daycare centres 134,171 dead body disposal 82 death concept 37 Gannushkin Hospital 82, 83-4 medical museums 11,175-9 natural 175-6,177, 178-9 pure 176 social 85 death decade 37 de Beauvoir, Simone 7 dedushki 154, 231-2 dehumanization 81-3, 84-5 dementia 74, 81, 83, 84, 87n3 demographic shifts Britain 207 global 225, 228-9 Poland 186-7,196, 202 n,9 Soviet 1-3, 25 Denial of Death (Becker) 179 Department of Health Enlightenment 38 Department of Maternal and Child Health 168 de-Stalinization 188,192, 200 developmental physiology 53-6 Dilman, Vladimir 21, 32 n.16 diorama of dying soldiers 176,176-7 disposable soma 32 n.14 DNA 23, 31 n.8, 33 n.24 Doerr, Wilhelm 176 Dogel, A.C. 24 dolphin babies 61 Doronina, L 135 Dresden glass man 174 Dresden Museum of Hygiene 174 duality concept of ageing 36 Durmanov, Dmitry 118 East Germany 186, 235 education, health. See health education; museums of medicine education and training, medical 41, 210-11 EHRC (Equality and Human Rights Commission) (Britain) 212 Ehrlich, Paul 40,48 n.14 247 elder care body management 80-3, 84-5 conclusions 85-6 Gannushkin Psychiatric Hospital overview 75-8 between life and death 83-5 overcrowding and staff shortages 79-80 elderly population rates. See also demographic shifts British 207 Polish 186,193, 204Ո.38 Soviet 92, 95,108 n.27 urban 115,117 elevational ageing mechanisms 21,32 n. 16 elevators 78, 99,101 On the elimination of illiteracy in the RSFSR’ decree 38 empire, role of 233-4 employment of elderly
137,138-9, 212, 219 Endocrinological Museum 41 endocrinology 36-7, 41-3, 44-7 energy funds 54, 55-6, 60, 62,65 Energy Principle of Skeletal Muscles 55-6, 60, 65 Energy Principle of Skeletal Muscles (Arshavsky) 60, 65 Engels, Friedrich 55 Equality Act (British) 212 Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) (Britain) 212 Ermakova, L. 136 Esping-Andersen, Gøsta 225 ethnicity 232-4 experimental science, defined 52-3 experiments with animals. See animal experiments ‘Extending Life’ programme 25, 29-30 extrasensory phenomena 61-2,63 fairy tales 17, 30 n.l, 40,46, 48 n.16 families archives 154, 156-7 British elderly 213, 214, 215-17 global ageing 228-9 housing 115,116, 117,118-19,124 multigenerational 117,118,134 Polish elderly 194,196-9, 204 n.46 power dynamics 141-2 Family and Kinship in East London (Young and Wilmot) 215-17
248 Index Family Code 5,13 n.ll, 118 Family Life of Old People, The (Townsend) 216 For Family Reasons 137 farm handovers to state 194-5 farmers global 229,230 Poland 187,193-5,202 n.7-8,230 fashion 142,148 n.49 Featherstone, Katie 81-2 Fedorov, Nikolai 52 Feldsher and Midwife 169 feminism 208,211, 235 fertility 5, 228 Fightfor Life and Health, The (Bogdanov) 22 financial independence 141-2 Firsov, Zaharii 59,61 Five-Year-Plans 96,103,173 foetuses 57, 62 Fomin, G.N. 96 Foucault, Michel 201 n.3 free energy 19, 55, 56 free medical care systems 172,187, 211 Frolkis, Vladimir 23-4 Fundamentals ofEndocrinology 44-5 Gaidukov, N. 18 ganglia 24, 33 n.26 Gannushkin Psychiatric Hospital body management 84-5 conclusions 85-6 elder care overview 75-8 between life and death 83-5 overcrowding and staff shortages 79-80 gardens 101-2,122,139-40,147 n.34 Gebhard, Bruno 174 gender. See also women and ageing care homes 94,107 n. 17 disparity 5,117 elder care 85 housing 117,121 roles 137-8,147n.3O, 231-2 genetic-regulatory theory of ageing 23 geriatric cabinets 119,127n51 geriatrics background and overview 1,4 Britain 12, 210-11 global 226-7 Soviet Union 26-7, 73,236 n.2 German Democratic Republic 186,235 German population in Peoples Republic of Poland 188 gerontology background and overview 4,8-9, 17-18 biological pre-history 18-22 Britain 219-20 funding 1,226-7,236 n.2 growth 24-30 life expectancy 51-2 Gerontology Branch of the National Institutes of Health 25 geropsychiatric care. See Gannushkin Psychiatric Hospital gestational dominance 57 Gierek, Edward 190 Gilgamesh, legend of 17, 30 n.l
Giprogor (Russian Institute for Urban Planning and Investment Development) 100,110 n.70 Glass, David V. 208 glass man 174 global ageing background and overview 225-6 conclusions 235-6 gender 230-2 race, ethnicity and empire 232-4 rural 228-30 science 226-8 Goldshtein, B. 23 Gomulka, Władysław 190 Gorbachev, Mikhail 104 Gorer, Geoffrey 178-9 Gorev, Nikolai 25,26 Gorky, Maxim 53 Gosstroi USSR (Ministry of Construction and Architecture) 95, 96, 99 government support for mothers 170 Graham, Loren R. 167 grandchild care Britain 215, 216, 219 Soviet Union 122-3,131, 133-7, 139-41,196, 231-2 grandfathers 154,219,231-2 grandmothers. See babushki Grando, Alexander 167 Grandparents’ financial help to younger generations 219 Grant, Susan 167,179 gravidan therapy 52
Index gravitational shock 62 Great Patriotic War 5-6,117,149,234 Green House home 104 Gudiene, Velma 167 Hall, Donald 2 Hall, Stephen S. 227 hardening the body 59, 61,63-5, 68 n.58 Harsch, Donna 235 Hazan, Haim 7, 8 health education 35, 38,41. See also museums of medicine ‘Healthcare of Russia -1917’ exhibit 36 Heart of a Dog (Bulgakov) 41 heart rates 56 Herald of Endocrinology 41 hetero-transplantation 41-3, 45, 49 n.28 Hilton, Claire 210 historical turn 149-50,161 history of medicine 165, 166-7. See also museums of medicine Hoffmann, David L. 84 Holodomor 234 Holquist, Peter 84 home visitation system 171-2 homo-transplantation 45, 49 n.28 hormones 32 n.16-17,48 n.17 ‘Hormones and the Bolsheviks’ (Kremenstov) 36 household labour 135-8,140-1,142 housing. See also apartment housing background and overview 2,4,10 British 213-14,214 family 115,116,117,118-19,124 micro-districts 115-16,119, 120-3 policy 113-14 sociology 114-15 types 97, 115-17,140 Housing Maintenance Offices (ZhEK) 139 humanization 10,120 Husemann, Friedrich 176 hygiene 38 museums 35-6,168,172-3,174 social 26-7, 35,46,171,172 hypothalamus 28, 34 n.35 hypoxia 53, 57, 58 hysteresis 18,19,20, 31 n.8 249 IAG (International Association of Gerontology) 28,226 ‘ideal’ Soviet 9-10, 74, 83-4,143 identification of hospitalized elders 85 illiteracy 38,158 imbalance of living systems 19, 31 n.9 immaturity, physiological 57-9 immaturity, social 193,198, 200-1 immortality fairy tales 17,40 Soviet pursuit of 7-8, 37-8, 52 incentives to have children 5, 207-8 individual, place of the 3-5 individual development, theory of 54-5
individualism 74,132,136,145 industrialization 187,190, 237 n.15 inequalities 6,189-90, 218, 232-4, 235 infants 52, 54, 56, 57-61, 62, 64,235 Inglot, Thomas 190 Institute of Blood Transfusion 33 n.21,38 Institute of Experimental Endocrinology 41 Institute of Experimental Pathology and Therapy of the Academy of Sciences of Abkhazia 173,178 Institute of Gerontology and Experimental Pathology 54 Institute of Gerontology in Kiev ageing classification 34 n.34 care home design 102-3 funding 226 research 4, 9, 23, 25-30,143 Institute of Labour and Social Policy 191 Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics 62 ‘Instructions for designing homes for the elderly and disabled people’ 103 intergovernmental agencies 227-8 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 227 International Association of Gerontology (IAG) 28, 226 iron lung 174,181 n.23, 227 Iron wine 175 Ivanov, Porfiry 63,68 n.58 Ivanov, V. 26 Ivanova, Tatiana 157 Ivan Pavlov (Todes) 44 Joseph Rowntree Foundation 218
250 Index Kadzhaia, Valery 135 Kashikhin, Leon 159 Kaup, Migette 104 Keynes, John Maynard 207 Khan-Magomedov, Selim 120 Kharkov school of developmental physiology and biochemistry 19, 20-1 Kholodkovskii, N. 18 Khrushchev, Nikita 5, 6,13 n.ll, 107 n.14, 113-14 Kiev 25,114, 115,117 Kiev Zonal Scientific-Research Institute for Standard and Experimental Design 97,103 Kizel, A.A. 18-19 Koltsov, Nikolai 46-7 Komarov, Lev 51, 52, 54 Kommunist 138-9 Komsomol (organization) 151,157-8,164 n.35 Komsomol (village) 158 Korenchevsky, Vladimir 226 Koriakov, S. 96 Kostukijukievicus, Anatloiiu 167 Krasnaia Zvezda 134 Kravchenko, A.T. 173 Kravkov, Nikolai 40 Krementsov, Nikolai 36-7,43-4, 52,167 Krokodil 144,144-5 labour Britain 208-9 gender 5-6, 231,232 household 135-8,140-1,142 modern babushki 131-2,133,134,145 Poland 189 rejuvenation and life expectancy 37, 55-6 therapy workshops 92,100,101 Labour government of Britain 208, 209, 211 Last Refuge, The (Townsend) 213-14,214 Latvian Medical Exhibition 169,170, 170-1 Latvian Society for the Promotion of Health and Education 169 Latynina, A. 154,160-1 Lawton, Julia 82-3 Leibing, Annette 85 leisure 120,132, 133-4,139,142-5 Leningrad 27,101,103,114,115-16,117 Lepeshkin, V. 18 ‘Life, Ageing, and Death’ (Nagornyi) 20 life cycle. See ontogenesis life expectancy 146 n.6 Arshavsky 54, 55-6, 57, 58, 60 Britain 207,217,218 gerontology history 19, 20 global 231,234 rejuvenation 37, 55-6 women 6,132-3,152,217,231, 237 n.15 lifts, building 78, 99,101 ‘Like a Fish in Water’ 61 Literary Gazette 152,154,155,160-1 living alone 215, 216 living death 83-4 living
water 40,48 n.16 location and housing 116-17 loneliness 135,196, 215 longevity 178,231,234,237 n.15. See also life expectancy Lovell, Stephen 74 magic 40,46 ‘March of the Pilots’ (Herman) 36,47 n.3 Marchuk, P. 25 maternity 168-71,170 maternity hospitals 54,60 maternity houses 170,170-1 Matryona’s Home (Solzhenitsyn) 131 Mechnikov, Ilya 18, 25 medical education and training 41, 210-11 medical equipment shortages 77-8 ‘Medical exhibition with an exposition of birth control items’ 169 medical museums. See museums of medicine Medical Research Council (Britain) 211 Medvedev, Zhores 54 Mekas, Taurus 167 memory politics 149-50, 151-2 mental health. See also Gannushkin Psychiatric Hospital background and overview 73-5 dementia 74, 81, 83, 84, 87 n.3 home care design 102,104 metabolism 19-20,21,55, 56
Index Metchnikoff, Elie 51 metformin 227 metro stations 119 MG-03-1 care home plan 100 micelles 20, 32 n.10 micro-districts 115-16,119,120-3 mind-body dualism 76,88 n.19 Ministries of Social Security 179 Ministry of Construction and Architecture (Gosstroi USSR) 95,96,99 Ministry of Health (Britain) 210 Ministry of Healthcare of the USSR 28 Ministry of Internal Affairs 151 Ministry of Social Welfare 94,96,99,103 Mitchell, Timothy 4 mobility 99-100 modern babushki. See babushki molecules 18,19,20, 23, 33 n.22 Molkov, Alfred 35 Monty Python 179 Moscow 98,100,103,108 n.27,115 Moscow Society of Naturalists (MOIP) 54 Moscow University Surgical Clinic 41-3 Mother Heroines 170 mother-in-law apartments 140 mothers, government support for 170 multigenerational apartment housing 118 multigenerational families 117,118,134 Murzilka 156 Museum of Healthcare in Tashkent, Uzbekistan 168-9,171,172,173, 174 Museum of Medicine of Azerbaijan 171, 173,176-7, 177 Museum of Social Hygiene 35-6 Museum of the Institute of the Sanitary Enlightenment 35 Museum of the Sklifosovsky Institute 36 Museum of Traditional Medicine in Isfara, Tajikistan 175 museums of medicine. See also specific museums background and overview 165-6 child development 171,172 conclusions 179-80 hygiene 172-3 methodology of analysis 166-7, 180 n.2 old age and death 176-9 as propaganda 35-6 251 prophylactic healthcare 173,174,175 reproduction 168-71 Nagornyi, A.V. 19,20-1,25 Napalkov, Nikolai 228 Narkomzdrav (Peoples Commissariat of Health) 35, 38,47, 74, 169 National Health Service (NHS) (Britain) 210,211,212 National Institute
on Ageing (NIA) (U.S.) 226-7 National Museum of Abkhazia 178 National Museum of Medicine of Ukraine 167, 169, 171, 172-3,175,176 natural death 175-6,177,178-9 Nedelia 131,135,136,142,143 neighbours 115,117,120,121 nervous systems 33 n.26, 55, 57 neurohormonal regulation 21, 27, 29-30, 32 n.17 neurology and psychiatry convergence 76, 88 n.19 new wallet 188-9, 203 n.23 newborns 52, 54, 56, 57-61,62, 64, 235 NHS (National Health Service) (Britain) 210,211,212 NII (scientific-research institutes) 29, 34 n.37 Nikitin, Boris and Elena 59-60 Nikitin, V. 22-3 Nuffield Foundation 208, 215 nursery schools 134,171-2 nursing homes. See care homes objective-management method of planning 29, 34 n.36 ‘Old Communist’s Story, An (Sokolov) 156 old wallet 188,189,202 n.23 ontogenesis about 21,22-4, 32 n.12, 32 n.16 Arshavsky 54, 56-7, 65 child development 171-2 conclusions 179-80 hygiene 172-3 methodology of analysis 166-7 museum narratives overview 165-6 old age and death 175-9 prophylactic healthcare 173,174-5 reproduction 168-71
252 Oppel, Vladimir 45 organic psychoses 76, 88 ո. 14 outdoor space 101-2,121-3 overcrowding, hospital 77,79, 82 P-03-2 care home plan 100-1 paint colours for care homes 102-3 pansionāts 94, 97,107 n,17,108 n,25 Paperno, Irina 162 n.6 parallel-crossed organismal construction 22 paranormal phenomena 61-2 para-science 63,65 Party Central Committee 104 pathogenesis 26, 86,177 patient expectations 43 Pauls Stradins Museum of the History of Medicine 170,170-1,173-4,175 pavilion style care homes 101,110 n.78 Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich 24,44, 51, 64,177 Pavlovskaia, Elena 120-3 peasants 46-7,187. See also farmers pensioner’s homes, Polish 199, 204n54 pension policy in Peoples Republic of Poland conclusion 200-1 discourse 191-3 legal framework 187-91, 202 n.17, 202 n.23, 202 n.28 rural ageing 193-6 urban ageing 196-200, 204 n.46 pensions British 208, 209, 216, 218 global 229 labour 137,138,142, 208 pension age 124 n.l, 134,146 n.ll, 207, 209 Polish (see pension policy in Peoples Republic of Poland) reformó, 146 n.ll, 152,229 Peoples Commissariat of Health (Narkomzdrav) 35, 38, 47, 74,169 Peoples Republic of Poland and old age background and overview 185-7, 202 n.7-9 conclusions 200-1 discourse 191-3 legal framework for pension policy 187-91, 202 n.17, 202 n.23, 202 n.28 Index rural ageing 193-6, 230 urban ageing 196-200, 204 n.46 perceptions of and attitudes to the elderly 7-8 perestroika 104 Peri, Alexis 142 Perm City Women’s Soviet 157,160 personality 150 personhood 83-4,85, 86 Pfluger, E. 19 PGRs (State Agricultural Farms) 187,193 Pharmacy Museum 36 phenotypes 58, 60-1 physical
activity 9 Arshavsky 54, 55-7, 58-9, 61, 65 child rearing 59-61 physical-chemical study of ageing process 18-22 Physical Culture and Sport 60, 61 physiological collectivism 38, 52 physiological immaturity 57-9 Physiological Mechanisms and Patterns of Individual Development (Arshavsky) 55 physiological self-regulation 21 Pinch, The (Willetts) 218 Pioner 156 Pirogov, N.I. 35, 47 n.2 Pirogov Society 47 n.2 place of the individual 3-5 playgrounds 122,123 Poland, People’s Republic of. See People’s Republic of Poland and old age polio 173,174,181 n.23 Polish United Workers’ Party (PZPR) 190, 192 Poor Law 210,213 Popov, Gavriil 46 poverty in Britain 215, 217, 218 power dynamics of family 141-2 pregnancy 57, 61, 62,168-71 premature ageing 51, 57, 66 n.3 preventative medicine 36, 38, 73-4, 80-1, 174 private plot gardening 139-40,147 n.34 privileges, social 94,100,188-9,190, 203 n.23 Problem ofAgeing and Longevity, The (Nagornyi) 21, 23 Prokin, Alexander 41-3, 45, 49 n.21
Index pro-natalism 5 propaganda, medical background and overview 35 museums 35-6,39, 47 publications 43-5,46 ‘radical’ science 38, 40-3, 44-7 rejuvenation 36-8, 40-1,43,47 reproduction and child rearing 168, 169 prophylactic healthcare 74,173-5 proteins 18-19, 20, 23, 31 n.8 protoplasmic hysteresis 18,19,20, 31 n.8 pseudoscience 65 psychiatric care. See Gannushkin Psychiatric Hospital psychiatry and neurology convergence 76, 88 n.19 psychics 61-2 psychotropic medication 81 public hygiene 26-7, 35, 46,171,172-3 pure death 176 PZPR (Polish United Workers’ Party) 190, 192 queuers 196 quiet archival revolution. See archiving Soviet pensioners race 207, 232-4 Rakitin, Vasilii 158 rate-of-living theory 55 ‘Reactive Capacities of the Ageing Organism’ symposium 27-8 Red Cross Infant Nursery 169 rejuvenation 7 life expectancy 37, 55-6 medical propaganda 36-8,40-1,43,47 Rejuvenation (Vasilevsky) 40 reproduction 5,168-71 research, scientific Aquaculture 59, 61, 62-4, 63, 65 British 211 death 37-8 developmental physiology 54-8 endocrinology 44,45 global 226-7, 234 infant development 59-64, 63 Institute of Gerontology 24-30 life extension 40-1, 51-2, 60 ontogenesis 22-4 253 paranormal phenomena 61-2, 65 popularity 52-3 pre-gerentology history 18-22 psychiatry 73-4, 76,87 n.3 scientific-research institute 29, 34 n.37 urban ageing 113,114,116,120-3 research, social British 215-20 care homes 92, 97-8,103 work 208-9 retirement age 124 n.l, 134,146 n.ll Britain 209 modern babushki 133-4,139 Poland 188,189-90,191, 202 n.8 Revolutionary Experiments (Krementsov) 35-6 revolution in sciences 37,
44 roentgen equipment 78 roles, gender 137-8, 147 n.30,231-2 Round, John 229 Rozanov, Vladimir 45,49 n.27-8 Rubanenko, Boris Rafailovich 95,108 n.28 Rubner, Max 19, 55 Rudakov, P.G. 95, 97-8, 99,100,102 Rudeiko, VA. 109 n.41,110 n.78 rural ageing 193-6, 228-30 Russell, Bertrand 53 Russian Folk Medicine (Popov) 46 Russian Institute for Urban Planning and Investment Development (Giprogor) 100,110 n.70 Russian Medical Museum 35, 36, 39,42, 47 Russian Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists 73 Ružička, V. 19 Saltykov, R.A. 173 Samarina, A. 103 sanatoria 141,174-5 sanitation 171,172-3 Sarkizov-Serazini, Ivan 64-5 schizophrenia 76 science and story of ageing 3-4 science revolution 37, 44 Scientific Council on Applied Human Physiology 28 Scientific Council on Gerontology and Geriatrics 24-5, 28
254 Scientific Outlook, lhe (Russell) 53 scientific-research institutes (NII) 29, 34 n.37 Scotland 211 Second World War 5-6,117,149,234 ‘second youth’ 134,135,142,143 self-contained care homes 96-7,109 n.40 self-fulfillment 133-4 self-improvement 9-10,74-5, 83-4 Semashko, Nikolai A. 38,46, 74,173 semi-alternative science 65-6 senility 42-3 Seventeenth International Congress of Medicine 40 sexuality 168-9 Shapiro, V.D. 140,141 Shereshevskii, N. 24 Shervinsky, Vasily D. 41,44-5 Shibaeva, A.N. 169 Shmalgauzen, 1.21,24,25 Shock, Nathan W. 28,226 Shumeiko, Elena Vladimirovna 153 Sidenbladh, Erik 61 sidewalks 119 Sina, Ibn 168 single-family apartment housing 115,116 Sivaramakrishnan, Kavita 233 skeletal muscles principle 55-6,60,65 Skripalev, Vladimir 59, 60 smallpox 173 small-scale care homes 104 Smirnova, Oľga 109 n.45-6 social conscience 198 social death 85 social hygiene 26-7, 35,46,171,172-3 social immaturity 193,198, 200-1 socialism babushki 131-2,133,140 capitalism 225,227,232,235 care homes 93, 97,98,100,101 medicine 37,42 memory 150,153,155,160,161 Poland 190,191-2 race and ethnicity 234 rural ageing 230 Social Security (U.S.) 229,233 ‘Social Surveys of Old People’ 215 social welfare centres 104,200 socially useful work 11, 133-4, 136-7, 138,140 Index Society of Russian Doctors 35,47 n.2 Socio-cultural Aspects of the Formation ofMaterial-spatial Leisure Environments and Older People’s Interaction in Urban Near-house Territories (Pavlovskaia) 120-3 sociology 114,141-5 Sokolov, Grigoril 156 Sokolova, Anna 37 Sokolova, Galina 155-6,159, 160 Sokolova, Valentine Grigor’evna
149,150, 155-61,163 n.26 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 131 Soviet Academy of Medical Sciences 24-5, 26,28,29, 53,102 Soviet Academy of Sciences 25,27,28, 29,62 Soviet Commissariat of Health 173 Soviet Council of Ministers 104 Soviet Woman 142 specialists, medical 25-6, 29, 79 sports training 59, 60, 61 stable imbalance of living systems 19, 31 n.9 ‘Stadium in an Apartment’ column 60 staff shortages, hospital 79-80,82 Stańczak- Wiślicz, Katarzyna 192 standard of living 6,142,233 standardization 4, 96, 234 Starks, Tricia 37,167,171-2 State Agricultural Farms (PGRs) 187,193 State Archival Regulations of 1941 164 n.33 State Archive of the Perm Oblast 149,157 State Committee for Civil Construction and Architecture 96 ‘state effects’ 4 State Institute of Social Hygiene 35 Steinach, Eugene 40, 48 n.17 stereotypes 7, 217, 219, 220 stories, about 165-6 Strazheskii, N. 26 streets 119 stress response 61,65 stressful stimulation 58 styles and types, building. See also specific building styles and types apartment housing 97,109 n.45, 115-17,118 care homes 95-6, 99-101,110 n.78
Index supernatural 65 surveys British 215-17 care home design 93, 97-8, 99,109 n.46 grandchild raising 134,143 housing 120-1 swimming 59, 61, 62-4, 63, 65 ‘Swimming before Walking’ (Charkovsky) 61 syphilis 40,168-9 systems theory 22, 33 n.20 Szpak, Ewelina 230 Tallinn school of urban sociology 120 tank respirator 174, 181 n.23, 227 Tarkhanov, Ivan 51 technological revolution 135-6 teen obligation to grandparents 143-5,144 tektology 22, 32-3 n.20 testicle transplantation 41,43 theory of conditional reflexes 64 theory of dominant focus 57 theory of individual development 54-5 Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (Esping-Andersen) 225 tipizatsiia 96 tipovoe building style 95-6,100,103, 108 n.24, HOn.78 Todes, Daniel P. 44 ‘Towards the Causes of Ageing’ (Bauer) 19 Townsend, Peter 213-15,214, 216, 217 transfer of farms to state 194-5 transparent man 174 transplantation 41-3,45, 48 n.17,49 n.28 transportation 116,119 transporting patients 78-9, 82 treatment exclusion of elderly 211-12 Trzebiński, Jerzy 166 TsNIIEP zhilishcha (Central Scientific Research and Design Institute of Standard and Experimental Accommodation Design) 95,99, 100,103 types and styles, building. See styles and types, building Ukhtomsky, Alexei 53, 57 Ukrainian National Medical Museum 175, 177 255 United Kingdom 102. See also Britain’s ageing population United Nations (UN) 227, 228 United States care homes 104 research 226-7,234 rural ageing 228,230 USSR comparison 235 welfare 229, 233 urban ageing background and overview 10,113-15, 125 n.8 built environment 120-3 global 230 housing types 115-17 infrastructure
118-23 in Poland 187,196-200,204 n.46 scientific research 113,114,116,120-3 urban sociology 114,120 Urlanis, Boris 231, 237nl5 useful work 11,133-4,136-7, 138,140 vaccines 173 Vasilevsky, Lev 40-1, 43 venereal diseases 40,107 n.17,168-9 VIEM (All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine) 53-4 visionary biology 51-3 voivodeships 191, 203 n.30 volunteering 151, 152, 219 Voronov, S.A. 24 walking 119,123 Warren, Marjorie 210, 211 war representations 177 We and Our Children (Nikitin and Nikitin) 60 Wedderburn, Dorothy 213, 214, 215, 217 Week Like Any Other, A (Baranskaya) 135 welfare, social British 217, 219 global 225, 233 Polish 190,195-6,200 reforms 6,13 n. 15 West Germany 235 Western urbanist thought 114,125 n.8 WHO (World Health Organization) 34 n.34, 58,170-1, 175-6, 227-8 Willetts, David 218, 219 Wilmot, Peter 215-17
Index 256 women and ageing 5-6 activism 6,133,146 n.7,149,152 Britain 209,217, 218 communism 6,133,137-8 double burden 135,142,232 global ageing 230-2 life expectancy 6,132-3,152, 217,231, 237 n.15 Polands pension policy 198-200 Womens Soviet 157,160 Women’s Voluntary Service (WVS) (UK) 213 Wonderful Achievements of Science, The (Koltsov) 46 Woodford, study in 216-17 work efficiency 208-9 workhouses (UK) 213-14 working on oneself 9-10, 74-5, 83-4 World Health Organization (WHO) 34 n.34, 58, 170-1, 175-6,227-8 x-ray exams 78, 80 yards 121,122 Young, Michael 215-17 youth obligation to grandparents 143-5, 144 Zamkov, Alexey 52 Zavadovskii, Μ. 24 ZhEK (Housing Maintenance Offices) 139 Zumrad 175 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Sowjetunion |
| id | DE-604.BV048882885 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:46:41Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:48:45Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781350273795 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034147586 |
| oclc_num | 1388652449 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xv, 256 Seiten 6 Illustrationen |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20230830 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Bloomsbury Academic |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Geriatrics and ageing in the Soviet Union medical, political and social contexts edited by Susan Grant and Isaac McKean Scarborough London ; New York ; Oxford ; New Delhi ; Sydney Bloomsbury Academic 2023 xv, 256 Seiten 6 Illustrationen txt rdacontent sti rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1945-1991 gnd rswk-swf Alter (DE-588)4001446-0 gnd rswk-swf Gerontologie (DE-588)4071757-4 gnd rswk-swf Geriatrie (DE-588)4071745-8 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Older people / Soviet Union / Social conditions Older people / Services for / Soviet Union Geriatrics / Soviet Union Aging / Social aspects / Soviet Union Soviet Union / Social conditions Aging / Social aspects Geriatrics Older people / Services for Older people / Social conditions Social conditions Soviet Union (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Gerontologie (DE-588)4071757-4 s Geriatrie (DE-588)4071745-8 s Alter (DE-588)4001446-0 s Geschichte 1945-1991 z DE-604 Grant, Susan 1988- (DE-588)102694001X edt Scarborough, Isaac (DE-588)1162918489 edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034147586&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034147586&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Geriatrics and ageing in the Soviet Union medical, political and social contexts Alter (DE-588)4001446-0 gnd Gerontologie (DE-588)4071757-4 gnd Geriatrie (DE-588)4071745-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4001446-0 (DE-588)4071757-4 (DE-588)4071745-8 (DE-588)4077548-3 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Geriatrics and ageing in the Soviet Union medical, political and social contexts |
| title_auth | Geriatrics and ageing in the Soviet Union medical, political and social contexts |
| title_exact_search | Geriatrics and ageing in the Soviet Union medical, political and social contexts |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Geriatrics and ageing in the Soviet Union medical, political and social contexts |
| title_full | Geriatrics and ageing in the Soviet Union medical, political and social contexts edited by Susan Grant and Isaac McKean Scarborough |
| title_fullStr | Geriatrics and ageing in the Soviet Union medical, political and social contexts edited by Susan Grant and Isaac McKean Scarborough |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geriatrics and ageing in the Soviet Union medical, political and social contexts edited by Susan Grant and Isaac McKean Scarborough |
| title_short | Geriatrics and ageing in the Soviet Union |
| title_sort | geriatrics and ageing in the soviet union medical political and social contexts |
| title_sub | medical, political and social contexts |
| topic | Alter (DE-588)4001446-0 gnd Gerontologie (DE-588)4071757-4 gnd Geriatrie (DE-588)4071745-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Alter Gerontologie Geriatrie Sowjetunion Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034147586&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034147586&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT grantsusan geriatricsandageinginthesovietunionmedicalpoliticalandsocialcontexts AT scarboroughisaac geriatricsandageinginthesovietunionmedicalpoliticalandsocialcontexts |