Materials on the history of the Jews in Latvia: Volume 1
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Riga, Latvia
Shamir Association
2021
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Ortsregister Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | 393 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9789934906015 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Materials on the history of the Jews in Latvia |n Volume 1 |c chief editor Rabbi Dr.paed. Menachem Barkahan ; compilation and commentary: Dr.hist. Grigory Smirin ; editors: Dr.hist. Tatiana Alekseeva, Rita Bogdanova |
| 264 | 1 | |a Riga, Latvia |b Shamir Association |c 2021 | |
| 300 | |a 393 Seiten |b Illustrationen | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents Foreword. X History of the Jews in the Provinces of Livonia and Courland. 1 Appendices The History of the Jews of Courland and Their Situation in the Courland Provincial City of Mitau. 63 Historical Notes Regarding the Jews of Courland. 79 Armenian Manuscript in the Monastery Archive in Mtskheta. 89 Manuscripts and Incunabula, Kept in the Riga City Library. 91 Reuben Wunderbar: Obituary. 101 From Professor Mordechai Zalkin’s Article “From Reuben Wunderbar to Isaiah Berlin: The Formation of a Modern Jewish Intellectual in the Northern Part of the Baltics”. 107 A History of the Jewish Community School in Riga.115 Appendices On the Attendance of School. 143 The Character of the School. 147 Jews in Latvia: Courland and Semigallia, 1561-1923.151 Preface.151 Part I. Arrival of the Germans in Livonia and Subordination of Livonia, Courland, and Poland. 154 Courlandian Dukes and the Time of Their
Reign.156 Latvia. 157 The Proclamation of Latvia. 159 Bolsheviks in Latvia. 159 The Exile of the Bolsheviks from Latvia. 161 Conflict Between the Victors and the Agreement at Strazdenhof . 161 The First Constitutional Assembly of Latvia. 163 The Opening of the Saeima and the First President of the Nation. 164 When the Jews Settled in Courland.164
From Where did the Jews Enter Courland?. 167 Laws about Jews and Their Persecution Since Settling in Courland. 169 Brochures For and Against the Jews in Courland.177 Petition of the Mitau Jewish Society. 178 Connecting Courland to Russia. 179 Baron Hcyking for the Rights of Jews.182 The Application of Two Mitavian Jews.185 Laws about the Piltene Region. 186 Orders of the Russian Tsars about the Situation with Jews in Courland. 189 Religious and National State of Jews in Courland after Receiving Civil Rights at the End of the 18th Century. 193 General Education of Jews in Courland. 196 The Communities in Courland. 197 The Situation of the Courland Rabbis.198 World War and Anti-Semitic Press . 200 The Exile of Courland Jews. 200 Riga Assistance
Committees for the Deported. 202 Part II. Courland Cities: Communities, Societies, Rabbis, and Sages. 204 Ilûkste. 204 Auce. 207 Bauska. 208 Borovka. 217 Kuldîga. 217 Grobin. 227 Griva. 229 Doblen. 233 Aizpute. 234 Vindau. 246 Talsi. 249 Tarzheki .
249 Tukums.250
Jêkabpils. 254 Libau. 257 Mitau. 266 Nairi. 301 Sasmaka. 303 Palanga. 305 Piltene. 309 Frauenburg. 318 Kandava. 319 Sabile. 320 Subate. 321 Skais tkalne.322 Appendices Leon Ovchinsky. Autobiography. 327 A fragment from Μ. Mehler’s book, The Places of Our Memory. 335 Old Geographic Names in
Comparison with Modern Names. 373 Index. 379
Old Geographic Names in Comparison with Modern Names Old Name Aa, river Aknisha Aleksandrovsk Alt-Auts Antokol (suburb ofVilna) Bakhmut Modem Name Lielupe, river Aknîste Zemaicitj Naumiestis Auce Antakalnis (area of Vilnius) Artemovsk Balverzhishki Balbieriskis Baranov Baranow Bausk Bauska Belsk Bielsk Podlaski Birzhi Birzai Bobrovitsi Bobrovitsa Bocheikov Bocheikovo Bolderaa Bolderâja Borovka Silene Boyen, estate Boyas Brest-Litovsk Brest Brezini Brzeziny Butrimantse (Butrimontsi) Butrimonys Chekishki Cekiskê Chenstohov Czçstochowa Istanbul Constantinopole Gostini (part of the city of Plavinas) Dankere Danzig Gdansk Demen Demene Tartu Derpt Daugavpils Dinaburg Daugavgrîva (area of Riga) Dinamiunde Dobele Doblen Dolginovo Dolginov Dovgilishki (Dovgelishki) Dovgialishki Vierchniadzvinsk Drissa Druskininkai Druskeniki Dubulti Dubbeln Dviete Dveten, estate
374 GEOGRAPHIC NAME COMPARISON Dvinsk Eishishki Elizavetgrad Ezel, lake Ezno Frauenburg Friedrichshtadt Gazenpot Georgenburg Glazmanka Godutishki Goldingen Gorzhdi Griva-Zemgallen Grobin Grodna Ilia Illukst Kalvaria Keidani Kemmern Klikoli Kokenguzen Konigsberg Konstantinovo Korsovka Kossov Kovna/Kovno Kozlov Krakinovo Kreitsburg Kreslavka Kretingen/Krottingen Kroki Krozhi Kuibishev Kupishki Kurshani Leningrad Libava Daugavpils Eisiskés Kropyvnytskyi Saaremaa, lake Jieznas Saldus Jaunjelgava Aizpute Jurbarkas Gostini (part of the city of Plavinas) Adutishkis Kuldiga Gargzdai Griva (part of the city of Daugavpils) Grobinia Grodno Ilya Ilükste Gora Kalwaria Kédainiai Kemeri Klykoliai Koknese Kaliningrad Kvédarna Kärsava Kosôw Lacki Kaunas Michurinsk Krekenava Krustpils (part ofJêkabpils) Kräslava Kretinga Krakés Kraziai Samara Kupiskis Kurshenai St. Petersburg Liepaja
GEOGRAPHIC NAME COMPARISON Lifliandia Ligumi Linkovo Lissa Liutsin Livengof Lukniki Lukov Mariampol Mariengauzen Medinat-Zamut Memel Merech Mitava Mozheiki Nairi Neienburg Neishtadt Nemokshti New Dvor New G riva New Libava Nove-Miasto Novoaleksandrovsk Novo-Subbat Novo-Sventsiani Novo-Zhagori Old Griva Old Zhagori Pasvetin Paulsgnade Peterburg Petrograd Pikeli Pilten Piontnitsa Plien Plungiani Pokroi Polangen Vidzeme Lygumai Linkuva Lezno Ludza Lîvâni Luoké Lukow Marijampolé Vilaka Zemaitija Klaipéda Merkiné Jelgava Mazeikiai Jaunjelgava Jaunpils Kudirkos Naumiestis Nemaksciai Novy Dvûr Grïva (part of the city of Daugavpils) Jaunliepâja (part of the city of Liepaj) Zemaiciq Naumiestis Zarasai Subate Svencionys Zagaré Grïva (part of the city of Daugavpils) Zagaré Pasvitinys Ozolmuizas St. Petersburg St. Petersburg Pikeliai Piltene Pontnitsa Plienciems Plungé Pakruojis Palanga 375
GEOGRAPHIC NAME COMPARISON 376 Pompiani Ponedel Ponevezh Popeliani Poritsk Posvol Pozen Preli- Preni Presburg Pusholati Radin Rakishki Remten Retovo Rezhitsa Ribinishki Rimshani Rizhskoie seaside Rogovo Romanovo Rossieni Rozenovo Rozenovsk Rubinen Rudomina Ruen Rumshishiki Salanti Samogitia Sasmaken/Sasmaka Semigallia Sharavka Shavli Shavliani Shileli Shkudi Shlok Shloken Shlosberg Pumpénai Pandelis Panevézys Papilé Old Poritsk Pasvalys Poznah Preili Prienai Bratislava Pusalotas Radzyn Podlaski Rokishkis Remte Rietavas Rezekne Riebini Rimsênai Jürmala Raguva Lenino Raseiniai Zilupe Zilupe Rubene Rudamina Rüjiena Rumsiskés Salantai Zemaitija Valdemärpils Zemgale Sharovka Siauliai Siaulénai Silalé Skuodas Sloka (part of the city ofJurmala) Sloka (part of the city ofJurmala) Pilskalne
GEOGRAPHIC NAME COMPARISON Shrensk 377 Szrensk Szczecin Shubetse Subate Shvekshni Svéksna Siadi Seda Skopinishki Skapinishkis (Skapiskis?) Slobodka (sub. of Kovna) Vilijampolê (area of the city of Kaunas) Smilten Smiltene Snipishki (sub. of Vilna) Snipiskés Soloki Salakas Sredniki Seredzius Strazdumuiza (area of the city of Riga) Strazdengof Subbat Subate Sventsiani Svencionys Sverzhen Sverzhen’ Taisen Talsi Tarzheki Demene Taurogen Tauragé Telshi Telsiai Tilzit Sovetsk Torensberg Tornakalns (area of the city of Riga) Troki Trakai Tsabeln Sabile Tukkum Tukums Ushpol Uzpaliai Usviat Usviati Utsiani Utena Valk Valka Varakläni Varkliani Vegeri Vagariai Veshniai Vekshnia (Vekshni) Venden Cêsis Verzhbokovo (Verzhbolov) Virbalis Zasa Vessen Ukmergé Vilkomir Valmiera Vilmar Vilnius Vilna Vilnius Vilno Ventspils Vindava Zhirovka Vishenki Shtettin
378 GEOGRAPHIC NAME COMPARISON Vishnev Visoko-Litovsk Vizhuni Vladislavov Vobolniki Volkovishki Vorni Yakobshtadt Yanishki Yanov (Yanovo) Yurburg Yurev Zabludovo Zambrov Zdunskaia Volia Zelburg Zhagare Zheimeli Zhidiki Zhizhmori Zhmud Zhmudskaia county Zhmudskoie principality Vishnevo Visokoie Vizhuonos Kudirkos Naumiestis Vabalninkas Vilkaviskis Varniai Jëkabpils Joniskis Jonava Jurbarkas Tartu Zabludôw Zambrow Zdunska-Volia Zemgale Zagaré Zeimelis Zidikai Ziezmariai Zemaitija Zemaitija Zemaitija
Index A Aaron, Itzig/Itzkhak, 46-7,283 Aaronovich, Itzkhak Zeev ben Yehoshua, 242 Abraham, Moishe, 205 Abraham, Solomon ben, 96 Abramson, David, 46,243 Adelson family, 46, 85 agriculture (see livelihood) Aizpute/Gazenpot, 13, 37,167,187-9, 234; notable people of, 243-5; popula tion of, 235-6; rabbis of, 236-42; societies of, 197,235 Albi, Yosef, 96 Alexander 1,47,189 Alexander II, 104, 229,242 Aimer, Eliezer, 273 anti-Semitism, 29-43, 64-5,169-94, 200-4, 207-8, 218 Arkin, Eliezer Mende ben Chaim, 207 Armenia, 89-90 Arye, Yekhiel Michael ben, 241 Ashkenazi, Reuben Yoshua Zelig, 316 Ashkenazi, Yosef ben Israel, 256 Atlas, Meir, 262 Auce, 207 Avenarius, Johann, 98 В Baines (rabbi), 205 Baines, Yehuda Idel Chaim ben Zvi Hirsch, 262 Baleamo, Yehuda ibn, 97 Balmes, Abraham ben Meyer, 95 Baron brothers, 63-4 Bauman, Naphtalin Eliezer, 325 Bauska, 168,198; rabbis of, 209-17; societies of, 208-9 Bedarschi, Jedaiah ben Abraham (Penini), 53 Beilis, Menachem Mendel, 286 Benjamin, Behr ben Hakkadosch, 47 Benjamin, Dov Ber ben, 279
380 Benjaminson, Yerahmiel, 228-9 Ber, Dov ben Benjamin, 66 Berlin, Alexander Ziskind ben Shneur Zalman, 202-3 Berlin, Isaiah Mendelevich, 111-2,113-4 Berlin, Meyer ben Elchanan, 203, 321 Berman, Yosef Gidel, 307 Bernhard, Abraham, 48, 283 Bernstein, Abraham, 306 Bernstein, YosefYehuda, 317 Bernstein, Zvi Hirsch, 260-1 Biron, Ernst Johann von, 17-9, 65-6,157,173 Biron, Peter, 19,66,157,176 Black Hundred, 200, 286 Bloomberg, Moishe Yezhezkiel ben Dov Ber, 217 Blumenfeld, Moishe ben Shimon, 281 Blumenfeld, Simon, 47-8, 83-4, 280-1 Bluzman, Nahum Eliezer, 295 Bolsheviks, 159-62 Borkum brothers, 20, 66, 279 Borovka, 217 Briscorn, von (Briesskorn), 87 Brothers of the Sword, 1 Brutskus, Yuliy Davidovich, 151-2 Bryggen, Wilhelm Ernst von der, 19 Byron, Lord, 50 c Cahana-Cook, Shloime, 213 Cakste, Janis, 163-4 Cantor, Yehuda Leib ben Yosef, 192, 263 Carp, Chaim Itzkhak ben Shual, 308 Casimir, Friedrich, 170 Catherine II, 5,117 Catherine the Great, 24 Caucasus, 89-90 censorship, 6 Chaim, David, 231 Chaimovich, Israel Leib, 273-4 Charif, Zwi Hirsch, 49 cholera, 191,222-3, 290 Chron, Judel (Yehuda) ben Lazarus (Eliezer), 53, 281-2 INDEX
INDEX 381 communism, 160 Constitutional Assembly, 158,163 Cook, Abraham Itzkhak ha-Cohen, 108,213-4 Court Jews, 17-8, 24, 35; see also Favored Jews Crusades, 63 D Dajan, Yakov ben Ephraim (Yakobson), 84 Dalba, Zvi Hirsch ben Abraham Moses, 320-1 Datt, Mendel, 215-6 David, Eliyahu ben, 272-3 Deich, Benjamin, 322 Delmedigo, Yosef Solomon, 4 Demant, Bali Benjamin, 317 democratic unit, 158 Derpt School District, 116,130,135 Diet, Vilnius, 155 Dinezon, Yakov ben Mordechai, 262 Doblen, 233-4 Doblenskaya street, 15,175 Don-Ikh’ye, Chaim, 240 Don-Ikh’ye, Eliezer, 240 Don-Ikh’ye, Mendel, 240 Don-Ikh’ye, Shabtai, 239-40 Don-Ikh’ye, Yehuda Leib, 240 Don-Ikh’ye, Zvi Girsh, 239 Driesen, von (lieutenant-general), 87 Dubin, Mordechai (Metrik), 333 Dubitski, Abraham Shmuel ben Naphtali, 227 Dubnov, Semyon Markovich, 114 Dyemien (see Tarzheki/Dyemien) E economy, 28 education, 22, 30, 42-4, 60-2, 111, 115-25,194-7; see also Riga; education in Eisenstadt, Abraham Zvi, 231 Elchanan, Aaron ben, 210 Eliasberg, Eliyahu, 192,265 Eliasberg, Mordechai ben Yosef, 212 Eliasberg, Yonatan, 212
382 INDEX Elkana, Samuel ben, 71 Elrich, Bernhard, 49, 82,283 Ephraimson, Yekutiel, 215 Epstein, Chaim Fishel ben David Shloime, 262-3 Epstein, Yakov Eliyahu David, 322 Erlich, Abraham Abel, 278 Erlich, Adolf, 115,138-9 Estonia/Estland, 154,156,161 Ettinger, Michael, 258 Etzel, C. (mayor), 87 Euchel family (Eichel), 49, 80,244 expulsion of Jews, 14-9, 23-5, 38, 63-5,146,162,169-76,179,187,191-3, 200-3,218,257, 265, 275-6; see also anti-Semitism F Faivel, Yehezkiel, 308-9 Falk, Yosef Reuben ben Shraga, 300 famine, 160 Favoredjews, 5-7 Ferdinand, Ernest, 170 feudal government, 3 Feyertag, Moses Hanoch, 53 Frauenburg, 318-9 Friedland, Michael, 132 Friedlanderl, David, 50 Friedlander2, David, 194, 282-3 Friedman, Bentsion, 216 Friedman, Israel ben David, 53, 85, 272 Friedman, Shloime, Mendel, 216 Friedman, Yehiel, 302 Friedrichstadt {see Nairi/Friedrichstadt) Futerman, Benjamin, 205 G Galevi, David, 71 Galevi, Moishe Itzkhak ben Meshulam Zalman, 225-6 Galevi, Yekhutiel Zalman, 234 Galloway, Mordechai ben Ezekiel Sahlman, 323 Gazenpot {see Aizpute/Gazenpot) Geller, Abraham, 242
INDEX Geller, Yehoshua, 306-7 Geller, Yekhiel, 242 Georgia, 89-90 Germany, 154-62,168,193 Gershon, Yehuda ben Moishe, 319 Gershuni, Shmuel, 255 Gertskovich, Zvi Girsch, 322 Gertz, Markus (Mordechai), 51-2, 80-2,194,282 Gesel (rabbi), 227 Gessen, Yuliy Isidorovich (Hessen), 152,171-2 Ginzburg, Mordechai (Markus) Aaron ben Asher Magnus, 50-1, 113, 282 girls’ school, 138,145 Girshberg, Gershon (Gresham Hirschburg), 290 Girshovich, Shneur Zalman ben Abraham, 226-7 Goldingen (see Kuldîga/Goldingen) Goltz, Colmar Freiherr von der, 160-1 Gottfried, Georg, 178 Graetz, Heinrich, 244 Green, Chaim Meer, 228 Griva, 229; rabbis of, 230-3; synagogues of, 233 Grobin, 227-9 guilds, 6,11,24, 37, 234 Gurvich, Shimon, 284-5 H Hahn, Baron Fon (Gan), 86 Halevi, Yakov, 249 Halevi, Yehuda ben Mordechai (Markus Levy), 280 Halevi-Gurvich, Aaron ben Yosef, 236-7 Halevi-Gurvich, Yehoshua Falk ben Simon, 248 Harief, Shimon, 279-80 Harief, Zvi Hirsch ben Dov Berr, 270-1 Hasidic Judasim, 6,46, 80,109,114,205, 229,232-3,260,267,329 hauptmannschaft, 33-7,171 Hasenpoth (see Aizpute/Gazenpot) Herder, Johan Gottfried, 11 Hertzberg, Eliyahu ben Yosef, 315 Hertzberg, Yosef, 317 Herzenberg, Yosef ben Eliyahu, 261 Herzl, Theodore, 265-6 Heyking, Karl Henry, 182-3 383
384 INDEX Hieronimus, Johann, 98 Hirschburg, Zvi Hirsch, 295 Hirschfeld, Elyakim Girsh, 227 Hirshovitz, Isaac ben Yehuda Leib, 249 Hitelson, Israel ben Yehuda, 216 Holocaust, vii, 151,165,254, 335, 395 Holstein, Magnus, 156 Horwitz, Aaron, 52-3, 82-3 Hotel Jerusalem, 20, 266 I Ilükste, 204; rabbis of, 205-6; synagogues of, 206; societies of, 206 Inquisition, 201 Ioannovna, Anna, 173 loel, Abraham, 279 Ioff, Dov Ber, 213 Ioff, Yedel, 215 Ioffe, Eliyahu Shmuel ben Mordechai Leib, 321-2 Ioffe, Isaac, 165 Iron Division, 160-1 Isaac, Itzkhak, 269 Israel, Moishe, 232 Israelson, Baruch Yakov, 303 Israelson, Judah Israel, 218 Israelson, Menachem Mendel ben Israel Eiser, 273, 320 Israelson, Yakov ben Israel, 286-7 Itzkhak, Shloime, 239 J Jêkabpils/Yakobshtadt, 254-7 Jelgava (see Mitau/Jelgava) Jewish Committee for Aid and Reconstruction, 275-6 Jewish-Christian relations, 22, 24-33, 76, 87,177-9,184,187-8,194,201, 204,220 Josephus, Flavius, 94 К Kagan, Yehoshua Zelig ben Menachem Mendel, 241-2
INDEX Kagan-Bloch, Chaim Itzkhak, 214 Kagan-Blumenfeld, Yosef, 251 Kagan-Flexer, Yakov ben Abraham, 256 Kagan-Friedman, Yuri Lipman ben Sholom, 301-2 Kagan-Kan, Menachem Mendel ben Yehoshua Zelig, 318 Kagan-Kan, Shimon ben Itzkhak, 277 Kagan-Kan, Yehuda Leib ben Abraham, 302-3 Kagan-Klein, Hillel, 261-2 Kagan-Paul, Chaim Aaron Bezalel, 303 Kagan-Zher-Din, Abraham Zalman ben Moishe, 217 Kakhanman, Yosef, 330-1 Kandava, 319-20 Kant, Immanuel, 51, 81, 87-8 Kaplan, Vilkomir Volf Schaevich, 110,130,133-5,138,149 Karl (king), 169,174 Karl Christian Joseph of Saxony, 65 Katsnelson, Nisan ben Yosef, 265-6 Katz, Shmar’yagu, 240 Katz-Kagan, Meer Simha, 109 Kazennaya Office, 5, 8 Kettler, Ferdinand, 64 Kettler, Gotthard, 3,63,155-6,169 Kherson, 42,69,190 Kimkhi, David, 92-3, 98 Kimkhi, Moses, 93 Klachkin, Eiser Yakov, 324 Klachkin, Eli, 324 Klachkin, Naphtalin Gertz (Hertz) ben Nathan, 323-5 Klaz, Dov Ber, 300-1 Kleif, Daniel ben Chaim, 49,71, 88,243,278 Klein, Behr, 84 Klyachkin, Yehoshua Mordechai, 263 Knights, Courland, 31-2, 45, 66 knights, Teutonic, 155-6 Koppel, Moses Meer, 148 Koucci, Moses de, 96 Kovno Conference ofJewish Activists, 285-6 Kreslawe, Meyer, 20 Kuldîga/Goldingen, 217-27 Kyberus, David, 98 385
386 INDEX L Lachman, Yosef, 24-5, 54,177,244 Landeswehr, 160-2 Landrat board, 37 Landtag, 15-20, 34,188 Lapidus, Alexander Moishe, 211 Latgale, 158 Latvia, history of, 154-63 Latvian Central Refugee Committee, 164 Latvian Provisional National Council, 157-60 Leibowitz, Isaiah (Yeshayahu), 112-3 Leibowitz, Moishe Yehoshua ben David, 249 Leibowitz, Nechama, 113 Lernblat, Moishe ben Rafael, 304-5 Levenberg, Abraham Shmuel ben Moishe Aaron, 305 Levi, David, 54 Levi, Elijah, 58 Levi, Lipman, 17-8, 80,173-4, 266 Levi, Yehuda Markus, 54-5 Levin, Simon Volf, 109 Levinson, Eliyahu Dov Ber, 259-60 Levinson, Yehoshua, 284-5 Levinstein, Moishe Noson (Moses Nathan) ben Yoshua Gessel, 296 Levita, Eliyah, 96, 98 Libau/Liepäja, 191; population of, 257; rabbis and prominent people of, 260-6; societies of, 257-9; synagogues of, 259-60 Lichtenstein (doctor), 86 Lichtenstein, Eliezer Lipman, 252-3 Lichtenstein, Levi, 254 Lichtenstein, Mordechai ben Eliezer Lipman, 249, 251 Lichtenstein, Yakov, 320 Lichtenstein, Zvi Hirsch, 253-4 Lichtwer, Magnus Gottfried, 55 Liknitzki, Shmuel Zvi Hertz, 277 Liknitzki, Yehuda ben Shmuel Zvi Hertz, 277 Lilienthal, Max, 9-11,103,123-7 Lipkin, Arye Leib, 225 Lipkin, Israel, 222-3 Lipkin, Yeduda Lipman, 225 Lipkin, Zeev Volf, 219-25 Lipschitz, Dov Ber Zeev Volf, 247-8
INDEX Lipschitz, Yakov, 249 Lithuania, 14, 63,107-8, 204 Litvin, Israel ben Moishe, 318 livelihood (e.g., trade, manufacturing, and agriculture), 23-39, 43, 61,70, 165-92 Livishic, Yehezkiel, 212 Loewenstein, Mordechai ben Zvi Halevi, 264 Loewenstein-Strachunsky, loel David, 264 Löwenthal, Eliezer Elias, 55 Lyntsa, B., 140 Μ Magilnitsky, Menachem Mendel, 299 Maimonides, Moses, 94 Maier, Shloime Meer (Samuel), 301 Maltitz, A. de, 123 Mandelstam brothers, 109, 111 Manishevich, Mordechai, 257 Marcus, Benjamin, 248 Margolis, Avigdor, 230 Margolis, Eliyahu, 206,128 Margolis, Mordechai, 206 Margolis, Nachman Idel, 274 Mark, Yehuda, 308 Maseltoch, Solomon ben, 96 Maskavas Forstate, 5, 9 Medigo, Yosef Shlomo del, 194 Mehler, Meyer, 335 Meir, Eliyahu ben (Eli Klikoler), 312-5 Meirowitz, Yankel, 85 Meisel, V. A., 127 melamed/melamdim, 70,102, 219 Melech, Solomon ben, 97 Men, Menachem (Menk Vidzer), 239 Menachem, Yosef Shloime ben, 237-9 Mendelssohn, Moses, 52,193 Michelovitz, Yehuda Leb ben Yechiel, 208 Minkin, Baruch Zeev, 233 minyan, 73, 233, 294, 299 387
388 INDEX Mitau/Jelgava, 15,17,20, 64-6, 77,178-81,184-6,194-6; population of, 43, 67, 70; prominent people of, 278-89; rabbis of, 267-78; societies of; 44-5, 64, 71-6,197-8, 289-301; synagogues of, 266-7 Moishe, Yosef ben, 237 Mordvinov, Nikolai Semyonovich, 182 Miinchausen, Johann von, 13,165-6 Munister, Sebastian, 3, 97, 99 Muskat, Shloime Peisach ben Yosef, 208 Mylich, Georg Gottfried, 25-30 N Nachman, Benjamin, 10,125 Nahimovski, Dov Ber ben Israel, 227 Nairi/Friedrichstadt, 301-3 Nathan, Markus, 97 Neuenburg, 172 Neumann, Abraham ben Isaac, 9-10, 39,110,127-32 New Subate, 14 Nikolai I, 9,11, 38, 67,123,147,190, 305-6 Nikolai II, 200, 266, 330 Nisselowitz, Lazar (Eliezer ben Nisan), 216-7 Northern War, 4, 64 Nurok, Aaron ben Arye, 320 Nurok, Aaron Dov Ber, 264 Nurok, Mordechai, 275-6 Nurok, Zvi Hirsch ben Aaron, 274-5 О Oppenheim, Abraham, 215 Orthodox Judaism, 46, 74, 77,108 Ovchinsky, Leon, 151,153, 327-35 Ovchinsky, Levi ben Dov Ber Jonah, 276 Ovchinsky, Yosef Yakov ben Leon, 332-3 P pagans, 79, 94,154 Palanga/Polangen, 305-9 Palestine, 21, 26,152
INDEX 389 Paul I, 35-6,182 Peker, Shloime ben Feitel, 277 Peker, Solomon, 105 People’s Council of Latvia, 158-60 Peter 1,4 Peter’s Academy, 22 Petrus, Henry, 95 Philippson, Ludwig, 123 Philo Judaeus, 50-1 Piltene, 12-3, 37,186-9, 309-18 Pinkovich, Eliezer ben Shraga Itzkhak, 319 Pius VII, 47 Plettenburg, Walter von, 155 Poland, 3,13,15, 63,155-6,166,169,186-7 Polangen (see Palanga/Polangen) Polish Uprising of 1830, 305 population, 39-42, 67-70,190,195 Po rat, Kalman Zvi, 217 Poster Passport, 7 poverty, 26-30, 39,44-6, 60-1, 70-6, 85-6,118-22,131,181-4,191-2, 200-2, 208, 235,258-9, 300 Prel, Yoshua Yosef, 328 Prussia, 13, 24, 52,167 Pumpyanski, Aaron Eliyahu, 134-5 R rabbis: forgotten, 152-3; elections of, 199, 272, 309-11; situation of, 198-200 Rabiner, Mordechai ben Abraham, 209 Rabinovich, Abraham Aba ben Shaul, 207 Rabinovich, Eliezer Simcha, 253-4 Rabinovich, Gershon, 318 Rabinovich, Moishe Yehuda, 277 Rabinovich, Moses, 322 Rabinovich, Sholom, 227 Rabinovich, Zvi Hirsch, 274 Radziwill, Mikolay, 155-6 Rasker, Ar’e Leib, 304 Recke, Elizu von der, 50, 87 Recke, Georg Peter Magnus von der, 19,176 Regensburg, David, 247 Revel, Duber, 226
390 INDEX Revel, Nahum Shraga ben David, 226 Riga City Library, 91-9,102-3 Riga Jewish Committee, 202-3 Rigajewish Community, 131, 133 Rigajewish School, 115-41,149-50 Riga, 5-12, 38; education in, 9,12,117-41; population of, 11; societies of, 5, 8-9; see also Latvia, history of Rivlin family, 302 Robinson, Gershon ben Yosef, 307 Rosen, Yosef, 108-9 Roshal, Chaim Yakov, 331 Rotshildov house, 85 Rozovsky, Baruch Leib, 136,138 Rozovsky, Pinchas, 329 Rubenstein, Yosef, 79 Rubinson, Zeev Volf, 227-8 Russian Empire, 2, 4-8, 34-6, 67,102-3,123, 305; Ministry of Internal Affairs of, 9, 39,119,122,147,193; Senate of, 6, 35-6,117,166,180-5,192-3 S Saadja, 91 Sabile, 320-1 sacrifice, ritual, 21 Saeima, 164, 187 Saint Petersburg, 192 Salantai, 219 Salanter, Girshele/Herschel/Israel, 220-4 Samogitia/Zemaitija, 32,167-8 Samunov, Ephraim, 248 Samunov, Mordechai Yuri ben Aaron, 246-7 Sasmaka, 303-5 Schevelovich, Itzkhak Yakov ben Schuel, 208 Schlosberg, Abraham ben Ari Leib, 206 Schoenberg (see Skaistkalne/Schoenberg) Schoenfeld, Max, 285-6 Segal, Yehezkiel (David Levi), 291 Semigallia, 2,12,14-5, 63,151,154-6,168,177 settlements, early, 164-8 Seume, Lazarus Itzig, 55 Seven People, 295,297 Shalit, Meyer (Maurice) ben Moishe, 255-6
INDEX 391 Shapiro, Shaul, 313 Shavel, Yosef ben Mordechai, 257 Shein, Eliezer Zeev ben Abraham Zvi, 242 Shergei, Menachem Mendel Yehuda Leib, 287-9 Shmuel (rabbi), 301 Shmuel, Yoshua, 316-7 Shochet, Shabtai Chaim, 216 Shpitz, Levi Zvi, 308 Shulman, Isser, 254 Shushan-Emek, Mordechai ben Yosef Rafael, 254 Shvartsbrod, David, 150 Sigismund Augustus, 3 Sigismund II Augustus, 155-6 Simon, Chaim ben, 244-5 Skaistkalne/Schöenberg, 322-5 Skuodas, 167, 236 Sloboda, 208 Slokajewish Community, 117-9 Sloka, 5-9,38,117-21 Sofer, Abba Shabtai, 215 Solomon, Isaac and Moses (brothers), 10 Sotheirius, Yakov, 98 Stern, Loime Zalman, 278 Stern, Moses, 45 Stul, David, 319 Stul, Moishe Shloime (Shalom), 214-5, 319 Subate, 321-2 Sugal, Yosef ben Eliyahu, 278 Sweden, 4, 156 Syrkin, Ezekiel, 255 T Talsi/Talsen, 249 Tarzheki/Dyemien, 249-50 taxes, 3-9,12,26-42,67,76,79, 89-90,117,122-3,126,129,137,140,147-8, 169-73,179-90, 234-6, 266; see also anti-Semitism Teomim, Samuel ben Elkana (Ashkenazi), 56, 267-70 Titsner, Michael, 11 Tobias, Aaron Solomon, 56, 243 Tobias, Shalom Zvi, 321 trade {see livelihood)
392 traditions, 21-2, 73-7, 84, 91,107-11,114,246,250,279 Tsiyuni, Aaron Zelig, 231 Tsiyuni, Israel, 240 Tsiyuni, Itzkhak, 231-2 Tukums/Tukkum, 250-4 U über-hauptmannschaft (see hauptmannschaft) über-rats, 15-6, 64 USSR, 162 Uvarov, Sergey Semyonovich, 118,122,124, 223 V Vagius, Paul, 96 Vajner, Meer Eliyahu, 331 Valdek (prince), 81 Verbluner, Yakov Moishe, 295 Vilnius Gaon, 111 Vilnius, 3 Vindau/Ventspils, 246-8 Volf (attorney), 56, 82,283-4 Volozhinski, Itzkhak, 223-4 Volpert, Chaim Zvi Abraham, 233 Vonsh, Elimelech ben Ari, 205 w Wakhtel, 229 Welez, Yehuda, 97 Whalit, Elia ben Shloime, 203 Wilhelm, Friedrich, 52 Wittenheim, Friedrich Witte von, 20-3 World War 1,157-61, 164,200, 330, 333 World War II, vi, 335 Wunderbar, 9, 91,110,148,151; biography of, 1,101-5,284; as teacher, 124-30; works of, 56-60,111-2,178, 284 Wunsch, Christian Ulrich, 85-6 INDEX
INDEX Y Yakobson, Elias, 77 Yakobson, Ephraim Yakov ben Israel, 53, 276 Yakov (Trisker), 272 Yanover, Yehezkiel, 232 Yehiel, Asher ben, 53 Yehoshua, Sholom, 227 Yehuda, Isaac ben, 64-5 Yehuda, Itzkhak ben, 289 Yehuda, Yakov ben, 210-2 Yekutiel, David Ezekiel ben, 271 yeshiva, 74,195,222,311-2 z Zac, Menachem Mendel Dov Ber ben Isaac, 320 Zach, Menachem Mendel, 203 Zalman, Eliyahu ben Shlomo, 108 Zarkhi, Shimon ben Zorekh, 254-5 Zelig, Yehoshua, 239 Zeligman, Chaim David, 231 Zeligman, Dov Ber, 230 Zeligman, Michael Yakov, 230-1 Zemaitija (see Samogitia) Zemitans, 161 Zionism, 108,114,152,265,275 Zisel, Yekhutiel, 228 Zvi, Dov Ber ben, 316-7 Zvi, Eliyahu ben, 323 393 |
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Contents Foreword. X History of the Jews in the Provinces of Livonia and Courland. 1 Appendices The History of the Jews of Courland and Their Situation in the Courland Provincial City of Mitau. 63 Historical Notes Regarding the Jews of Courland. 79 Armenian Manuscript in the Monastery Archive in Mtskheta. 89 Manuscripts and Incunabula, Kept in the Riga City Library. 91 Reuben Wunderbar: Obituary. 101 From Professor Mordechai Zalkin’s Article “From Reuben Wunderbar to Isaiah Berlin: The Formation of a Modern Jewish Intellectual in the Northern Part of the Baltics”. 107 A History of the Jewish Community School in Riga.115 Appendices On the Attendance of School. 143 The Character of the School. 147 Jews in Latvia: Courland and Semigallia, 1561-1923.151 Preface.151 Part I. Arrival of the Germans in Livonia and Subordination of Livonia, Courland, and Poland. 154 Courlandian Dukes and the Time of Their
Reign.156 Latvia. 157 The Proclamation of Latvia. 159 Bolsheviks in Latvia. 159 The Exile of the Bolsheviks from Latvia. 161 Conflict Between the Victors and the Agreement at Strazdenhof . 161 The First Constitutional Assembly of Latvia. 163 The Opening of the Saeima and the First President of the Nation. 164 When the Jews Settled in Courland.164
From Where did the Jews Enter Courland?. 167 Laws about Jews and Their Persecution Since Settling in Courland. 169 Brochures For and Against the Jews in Courland.177 Petition of the Mitau Jewish Society. 178 Connecting Courland to Russia. 179 Baron Hcyking for the Rights of Jews.182 The Application of Two Mitavian Jews.185 Laws about the Piltene Region. 186 Orders of the Russian Tsars about the Situation with Jews in Courland. 189 Religious and National State of Jews in Courland after Receiving Civil Rights at the End of the 18th Century. 193 General Education of Jews in Courland. 196 The Communities in Courland. 197 The Situation of the Courland Rabbis.198 World War and Anti-Semitic Press . 200 The Exile of Courland Jews. 200 Riga Assistance
Committees for the Deported. 202 Part II. Courland Cities: Communities, Societies, Rabbis, and Sages. 204 Ilûkste. 204 Auce. 207 Bauska. 208 Borovka. 217 Kuldîga. 217 Grobin. 227 Griva. 229 Doblen. 233 Aizpute. 234 Vindau. 246 Talsi. 249 Tarzheki .
249 Tukums.250
Jêkabpils. 254 Libau. 257 Mitau. 266 Nairi. 301 Sasmaka. 303 Palanga. 305 Piltene. 309 Frauenburg. 318 Kandava. 319 Sabile. 320 Subate. 321 Skais tkalne.322 Appendices Leon Ovchinsky. Autobiography. 327 A fragment from Μ. Mehler’s book, The Places of Our Memory. 335 Old Geographic Names in
Comparison with Modern Names. 373 Index. 379
Old Geographic Names in Comparison with Modern Names Old Name Aa, river Aknisha Aleksandrovsk Alt-Auts Antokol (suburb ofVilna) Bakhmut Modem Name Lielupe, river Aknîste Zemaicitj Naumiestis Auce Antakalnis (area of Vilnius) Artemovsk Balverzhishki Balbieriskis Baranov Baranow Bausk Bauska Belsk Bielsk Podlaski Birzhi Birzai Bobrovitsi Bobrovitsa Bocheikov Bocheikovo Bolderaa Bolderâja Borovka Silene Boyen, estate Boyas Brest-Litovsk Brest Brezini Brzeziny Butrimantse (Butrimontsi) Butrimonys Chekishki Cekiskê Chenstohov Czçstochowa Istanbul Constantinopole Gostini (part of the city of Plavinas) Dankere Danzig Gdansk Demen Demene Tartu Derpt Daugavpils Dinaburg Daugavgrîva (area of Riga) Dinamiunde Dobele Doblen Dolginovo Dolginov Dovgilishki (Dovgelishki) Dovgialishki Vierchniadzvinsk Drissa Druskininkai Druskeniki Dubulti Dubbeln Dviete Dveten, estate
374 GEOGRAPHIC NAME COMPARISON Dvinsk Eishishki Elizavetgrad Ezel, lake Ezno Frauenburg Friedrichshtadt Gazenpot Georgenburg Glazmanka Godutishki Goldingen Gorzhdi Griva-Zemgallen Grobin Grodna Ilia Illukst Kalvaria Keidani Kemmern Klikoli Kokenguzen Konigsberg Konstantinovo Korsovka Kossov Kovna/Kovno Kozlov Krakinovo Kreitsburg Kreslavka Kretingen/Krottingen Kroki Krozhi Kuibishev Kupishki Kurshani Leningrad Libava Daugavpils Eisiskés Kropyvnytskyi Saaremaa, lake Jieznas Saldus Jaunjelgava Aizpute Jurbarkas Gostini (part of the city of Plavinas) Adutishkis Kuldiga Gargzdai Griva (part of the city of Daugavpils) Grobinia Grodno Ilya Ilükste Gora Kalwaria Kédainiai Kemeri Klykoliai Koknese Kaliningrad Kvédarna Kärsava Kosôw Lacki Kaunas Michurinsk Krekenava Krustpils (part ofJêkabpils) Kräslava Kretinga Krakés Kraziai Samara Kupiskis Kurshenai St. Petersburg Liepaja
GEOGRAPHIC NAME COMPARISON Lifliandia Ligumi Linkovo Lissa Liutsin Livengof Lukniki Lukov Mariampol Mariengauzen Medinat-Zamut Memel Merech Mitava Mozheiki Nairi Neienburg Neishtadt Nemokshti New Dvor New G riva New Libava Nove-Miasto Novoaleksandrovsk Novo-Subbat Novo-Sventsiani Novo-Zhagori Old Griva Old Zhagori Pasvetin Paulsgnade Peterburg Petrograd Pikeli Pilten Piontnitsa Plien Plungiani Pokroi Polangen Vidzeme Lygumai Linkuva Lezno Ludza Lîvâni Luoké Lukow Marijampolé Vilaka Zemaitija Klaipéda Merkiné Jelgava Mazeikiai Jaunjelgava Jaunpils Kudirkos Naumiestis Nemaksciai Novy Dvûr Grïva (part of the city of Daugavpils) Jaunliepâja (part of the city of Liepaj) Zemaiciq Naumiestis Zarasai Subate Svencionys Zagaré Grïva (part of the city of Daugavpils) Zagaré Pasvitinys Ozolmuizas St. Petersburg St. Petersburg Pikeliai Piltene Pontnitsa Plienciems Plungé Pakruojis Palanga 375
GEOGRAPHIC NAME COMPARISON 376 Pompiani Ponedel Ponevezh Popeliani Poritsk Posvol Pozen Preli- Preni Presburg Pusholati Radin Rakishki Remten Retovo Rezhitsa Ribinishki Rimshani Rizhskoie seaside Rogovo Romanovo Rossieni Rozenovo Rozenovsk Rubinen Rudomina Ruen Rumshishiki Salanti Samogitia Sasmaken/Sasmaka Semigallia Sharavka Shavli Shavliani Shileli Shkudi Shlok Shloken Shlosberg Pumpénai Pandelis Panevézys Papilé Old Poritsk Pasvalys Poznah Preili Prienai Bratislava Pusalotas Radzyn Podlaski Rokishkis Remte Rietavas Rezekne Riebini Rimsênai Jürmala Raguva Lenino Raseiniai Zilupe Zilupe Rubene Rudamina Rüjiena Rumsiskés Salantai Zemaitija Valdemärpils Zemgale Sharovka Siauliai Siaulénai Silalé Skuodas Sloka (part of the city ofJurmala) Sloka (part of the city ofJurmala) Pilskalne
GEOGRAPHIC NAME COMPARISON Shrensk 377 Szrensk Szczecin Shubetse Subate Shvekshni Svéksna Siadi Seda Skopinishki Skapinishkis (Skapiskis?) Slobodka (sub. of Kovna) Vilijampolê (area of the city of Kaunas) Smilten Smiltene Snipishki (sub. of Vilna) Snipiskés Soloki Salakas Sredniki Seredzius Strazdumuiza (area of the city of Riga) Strazdengof Subbat Subate Sventsiani Svencionys Sverzhen Sverzhen’ Taisen Talsi Tarzheki Demene Taurogen Tauragé Telshi Telsiai Tilzit Sovetsk Torensberg Tornakalns (area of the city of Riga) Troki Trakai Tsabeln Sabile Tukkum Tukums Ushpol Uzpaliai Usviat Usviati Utsiani Utena Valk Valka Varakläni Varkliani Vegeri Vagariai Veshniai Vekshnia (Vekshni) Venden Cêsis Verzhbokovo (Verzhbolov) Virbalis Zasa Vessen Ukmergé Vilkomir Valmiera Vilmar Vilnius Vilna Vilnius Vilno Ventspils Vindava Zhirovka Vishenki Shtettin
378 GEOGRAPHIC NAME COMPARISON Vishnev Visoko-Litovsk Vizhuni Vladislavov Vobolniki Volkovishki Vorni Yakobshtadt Yanishki Yanov (Yanovo) Yurburg Yurev Zabludovo Zambrov Zdunskaia Volia Zelburg Zhagare Zheimeli Zhidiki Zhizhmori Zhmud Zhmudskaia county Zhmudskoie principality Vishnevo Visokoie Vizhuonos Kudirkos Naumiestis Vabalninkas Vilkaviskis Varniai Jëkabpils Joniskis Jonava Jurbarkas Tartu Zabludôw Zambrow Zdunska-Volia Zemgale Zagaré Zeimelis Zidikai Ziezmariai Zemaitija Zemaitija Zemaitija
Index A Aaron, Itzig/Itzkhak, 46-7,283 Aaronovich, Itzkhak Zeev ben Yehoshua, 242 Abraham, Moishe, 205 Abraham, Solomon ben, 96 Abramson, David, 46,243 Adelson family, 46, 85 agriculture (see livelihood) Aizpute/Gazenpot, 13, 37,167,187-9, 234; notable people of, 243-5; popula tion of, 235-6; rabbis of, 236-42; societies of, 197,235 Albi, Yosef, 96 Alexander 1,47,189 Alexander II, 104, 229,242 Aimer, Eliezer, 273 anti-Semitism, 29-43, 64-5,169-94, 200-4, 207-8, 218 Arkin, Eliezer Mende ben Chaim, 207 Armenia, 89-90 Arye, Yekhiel Michael ben, 241 Ashkenazi, Reuben Yoshua Zelig, 316 Ashkenazi, Yosef ben Israel, 256 Atlas, Meir, 262 Auce, 207 Avenarius, Johann, 98 В Baines (rabbi), 205 Baines, Yehuda Idel Chaim ben Zvi Hirsch, 262 Baleamo, Yehuda ibn, 97 Balmes, Abraham ben Meyer, 95 Baron brothers, 63-4 Bauman, Naphtalin Eliezer, 325 Bauska, 168,198; rabbis of, 209-17; societies of, 208-9 Bedarschi, Jedaiah ben Abraham (Penini), 53 Beilis, Menachem Mendel, 286 Benjamin, Behr ben Hakkadosch, 47 Benjamin, Dov Ber ben, 279
380 Benjaminson, Yerahmiel, 228-9 Ber, Dov ben Benjamin, 66 Berlin, Alexander Ziskind ben Shneur Zalman, 202-3 Berlin, Isaiah Mendelevich, 111-2,113-4 Berlin, Meyer ben Elchanan, 203, 321 Berman, Yosef Gidel, 307 Bernhard, Abraham, 48, 283 Bernstein, Abraham, 306 Bernstein, YosefYehuda, 317 Bernstein, Zvi Hirsch, 260-1 Biron, Ernst Johann von, 17-9, 65-6,157,173 Biron, Peter, 19,66,157,176 Black Hundred, 200, 286 Bloomberg, Moishe Yezhezkiel ben Dov Ber, 217 Blumenfeld, Moishe ben Shimon, 281 Blumenfeld, Simon, 47-8, 83-4, 280-1 Bluzman, Nahum Eliezer, 295 Bolsheviks, 159-62 Borkum brothers, 20, 66, 279 Borovka, 217 Briscorn, von (Briesskorn), 87 Brothers of the Sword, 1 Brutskus, Yuliy Davidovich, 151-2 Bryggen, Wilhelm Ernst von der, 19 Byron, Lord, 50 c Cahana-Cook, Shloime, 213 Cakste, Janis, 163-4 Cantor, Yehuda Leib ben Yosef, 192, 263 Carp, Chaim Itzkhak ben Shual, 308 Casimir, Friedrich, 170 Catherine II, 5,117 Catherine the Great, 24 Caucasus, 89-90 censorship, 6 Chaim, David, 231 Chaimovich, Israel Leib, 273-4 Charif, Zwi Hirsch, 49 cholera, 191,222-3, 290 Chron, Judel (Yehuda) ben Lazarus (Eliezer), 53, 281-2 INDEX
INDEX 381 communism, 160 Constitutional Assembly, 158,163 Cook, Abraham Itzkhak ha-Cohen, 108,213-4 Court Jews, 17-8, 24, 35; see also Favored Jews Crusades, 63 D Dajan, Yakov ben Ephraim (Yakobson), 84 Dalba, Zvi Hirsch ben Abraham Moses, 320-1 Datt, Mendel, 215-6 David, Eliyahu ben, 272-3 Deich, Benjamin, 322 Delmedigo, Yosef Solomon, 4 Demant, Bali Benjamin, 317 democratic unit, 158 Derpt School District, 116,130,135 Diet, Vilnius, 155 Dinezon, Yakov ben Mordechai, 262 Doblen, 233-4 Doblenskaya street, 15,175 Don-Ikh’ye, Chaim, 240 Don-Ikh’ye, Eliezer, 240 Don-Ikh’ye, Mendel, 240 Don-Ikh’ye, Shabtai, 239-40 Don-Ikh’ye, Yehuda Leib, 240 Don-Ikh’ye, Zvi Girsh, 239 Driesen, von (lieutenant-general), 87 Dubin, Mordechai (Metrik), 333 Dubitski, Abraham Shmuel ben Naphtali, 227 Dubnov, Semyon Markovich, 114 Dyemien (see Tarzheki/Dyemien) E economy, 28 education, 22, 30, 42-4, 60-2, 111, 115-25,194-7; see also Riga; education in Eisenstadt, Abraham Zvi, 231 Elchanan, Aaron ben, 210 Eliasberg, Eliyahu, 192,265 Eliasberg, Mordechai ben Yosef, 212 Eliasberg, Yonatan, 212
382 INDEX Elkana, Samuel ben, 71 Elrich, Bernhard, 49, 82,283 Ephraimson, Yekutiel, 215 Epstein, Chaim Fishel ben David Shloime, 262-3 Epstein, Yakov Eliyahu David, 322 Erlich, Abraham Abel, 278 Erlich, Adolf, 115,138-9 Estonia/Estland, 154,156,161 Ettinger, Michael, 258 Etzel, C. (mayor), 87 Euchel family (Eichel), 49, 80,244 expulsion of Jews, 14-9, 23-5, 38, 63-5,146,162,169-76,179,187,191-3, 200-3,218,257, 265, 275-6; see also anti-Semitism F Faivel, Yehezkiel, 308-9 Falk, Yosef Reuben ben Shraga, 300 famine, 160 Favoredjews, 5-7 Ferdinand, Ernest, 170 feudal government, 3 Feyertag, Moses Hanoch, 53 Frauenburg, 318-9 Friedland, Michael, 132 Friedlanderl, David, 50 Friedlander2, David, 194, 282-3 Friedman, Bentsion, 216 Friedman, Israel ben David, 53, 85, 272 Friedman, Shloime, Mendel, 216 Friedman, Yehiel, 302 Friedrichstadt {see Nairi/Friedrichstadt) Futerman, Benjamin, 205 G Galevi, David, 71 Galevi, Moishe Itzkhak ben Meshulam Zalman, 225-6 Galevi, Yekhutiel Zalman, 234 Galloway, Mordechai ben Ezekiel Sahlman, 323 Gazenpot {see Aizpute/Gazenpot) Geller, Abraham, 242
INDEX Geller, Yehoshua, 306-7 Geller, Yekhiel, 242 Georgia, 89-90 Germany, 154-62,168,193 Gershon, Yehuda ben Moishe, 319 Gershuni, Shmuel, 255 Gertskovich, Zvi Girsch, 322 Gertz, Markus (Mordechai), 51-2, 80-2,194,282 Gesel (rabbi), 227 Gessen, Yuliy Isidorovich (Hessen), 152,171-2 Ginzburg, Mordechai (Markus) Aaron ben Asher Magnus, 50-1, 113, 282 girls’ school, 138,145 Girshberg, Gershon (Gresham Hirschburg), 290 Girshovich, Shneur Zalman ben Abraham, 226-7 Goldingen (see Kuldîga/Goldingen) Goltz, Colmar Freiherr von der, 160-1 Gottfried, Georg, 178 Graetz, Heinrich, 244 Green, Chaim Meer, 228 Griva, 229; rabbis of, 230-3; synagogues of, 233 Grobin, 227-9 guilds, 6,11,24, 37, 234 Gurvich, Shimon, 284-5 H Hahn, Baron Fon (Gan), 86 Halevi, Yakov, 249 Halevi, Yehuda ben Mordechai (Markus Levy), 280 Halevi-Gurvich, Aaron ben Yosef, 236-7 Halevi-Gurvich, Yehoshua Falk ben Simon, 248 Harief, Shimon, 279-80 Harief, Zvi Hirsch ben Dov Berr, 270-1 Hasidic Judasim, 6,46, 80,109,114,205, 229,232-3,260,267,329 hauptmannschaft, 33-7,171 Hasenpoth (see Aizpute/Gazenpot) Herder, Johan Gottfried, 11 Hertzberg, Eliyahu ben Yosef, 315 Hertzberg, Yosef, 317 Herzenberg, Yosef ben Eliyahu, 261 Herzl, Theodore, 265-6 Heyking, Karl Henry, 182-3 383
384 INDEX Hieronimus, Johann, 98 Hirschburg, Zvi Hirsch, 295 Hirschfeld, Elyakim Girsh, 227 Hirshovitz, Isaac ben Yehuda Leib, 249 Hitelson, Israel ben Yehuda, 216 Holocaust, vii, 151,165,254, 335, 395 Holstein, Magnus, 156 Horwitz, Aaron, 52-3, 82-3 Hotel Jerusalem, 20, 266 I Ilükste, 204; rabbis of, 205-6; synagogues of, 206; societies of, 206 Inquisition, 201 Ioannovna, Anna, 173 loel, Abraham, 279 Ioff, Dov Ber, 213 Ioff, Yedel, 215 Ioffe, Eliyahu Shmuel ben Mordechai Leib, 321-2 Ioffe, Isaac, 165 Iron Division, 160-1 Isaac, Itzkhak, 269 Israel, Moishe, 232 Israelson, Baruch Yakov, 303 Israelson, Judah Israel, 218 Israelson, Menachem Mendel ben Israel Eiser, 273, 320 Israelson, Yakov ben Israel, 286-7 Itzkhak, Shloime, 239 J Jêkabpils/Yakobshtadt, 254-7 Jelgava (see Mitau/Jelgava) Jewish Committee for Aid and Reconstruction, 275-6 Jewish-Christian relations, 22, 24-33, 76, 87,177-9,184,187-8,194,201, 204,220 Josephus, Flavius, 94 К Kagan, Yehoshua Zelig ben Menachem Mendel, 241-2
INDEX Kagan-Bloch, Chaim Itzkhak, 214 Kagan-Blumenfeld, Yosef, 251 Kagan-Flexer, Yakov ben Abraham, 256 Kagan-Friedman, Yuri Lipman ben Sholom, 301-2 Kagan-Kan, Menachem Mendel ben Yehoshua Zelig, 318 Kagan-Kan, Shimon ben Itzkhak, 277 Kagan-Kan, Yehuda Leib ben Abraham, 302-3 Kagan-Klein, Hillel, 261-2 Kagan-Paul, Chaim Aaron Bezalel, 303 Kagan-Zher-Din, Abraham Zalman ben Moishe, 217 Kakhanman, Yosef, 330-1 Kandava, 319-20 Kant, Immanuel, 51, 81, 87-8 Kaplan, Vilkomir Volf Schaevich, 110,130,133-5,138,149 Karl (king), 169,174 Karl Christian Joseph of Saxony, 65 Katsnelson, Nisan ben Yosef, 265-6 Katz, Shmar’yagu, 240 Katz-Kagan, Meer Simha, 109 Kazennaya Office, 5, 8 Kettler, Ferdinand, 64 Kettler, Gotthard, 3,63,155-6,169 Kherson, 42,69,190 Kimkhi, David, 92-3, 98 Kimkhi, Moses, 93 Klachkin, Eiser Yakov, 324 Klachkin, Eli, 324 Klachkin, Naphtalin Gertz (Hertz) ben Nathan, 323-5 Klaz, Dov Ber, 300-1 Kleif, Daniel ben Chaim, 49,71, 88,243,278 Klein, Behr, 84 Klyachkin, Yehoshua Mordechai, 263 Knights, Courland, 31-2, 45, 66 knights, Teutonic, 155-6 Koppel, Moses Meer, 148 Koucci, Moses de, 96 Kovno Conference ofJewish Activists, 285-6 Kreslawe, Meyer, 20 Kuldîga/Goldingen, 217-27 Kyberus, David, 98 385
386 INDEX L Lachman, Yosef, 24-5, 54,177,244 Landeswehr, 160-2 Landrat board, 37 Landtag, 15-20, 34,188 Lapidus, Alexander Moishe, 211 Latgale, 158 Latvia, history of, 154-63 Latvian Central Refugee Committee, 164 Latvian Provisional National Council, 157-60 Leibowitz, Isaiah (Yeshayahu), 112-3 Leibowitz, Moishe Yehoshua ben David, 249 Leibowitz, Nechama, 113 Lernblat, Moishe ben Rafael, 304-5 Levenberg, Abraham Shmuel ben Moishe Aaron, 305 Levi, David, 54 Levi, Elijah, 58 Levi, Lipman, 17-8, 80,173-4, 266 Levi, Yehuda Markus, 54-5 Levin, Simon Volf, 109 Levinson, Eliyahu Dov Ber, 259-60 Levinson, Yehoshua, 284-5 Levinstein, Moishe Noson (Moses Nathan) ben Yoshua Gessel, 296 Levita, Eliyah, 96, 98 Libau/Liepäja, 191; population of, 257; rabbis and prominent people of, 260-6; societies of, 257-9; synagogues of, 259-60 Lichtenstein (doctor), 86 Lichtenstein, Eliezer Lipman, 252-3 Lichtenstein, Levi, 254 Lichtenstein, Mordechai ben Eliezer Lipman, 249, 251 Lichtenstein, Yakov, 320 Lichtenstein, Zvi Hirsch, 253-4 Lichtwer, Magnus Gottfried, 55 Liknitzki, Shmuel Zvi Hertz, 277 Liknitzki, Yehuda ben Shmuel Zvi Hertz, 277 Lilienthal, Max, 9-11,103,123-7 Lipkin, Arye Leib, 225 Lipkin, Israel, 222-3 Lipkin, Yeduda Lipman, 225 Lipkin, Zeev Volf, 219-25 Lipschitz, Dov Ber Zeev Volf, 247-8
INDEX Lipschitz, Yakov, 249 Lithuania, 14, 63,107-8, 204 Litvin, Israel ben Moishe, 318 livelihood (e.g., trade, manufacturing, and agriculture), 23-39, 43, 61,70, 165-92 Livishic, Yehezkiel, 212 Loewenstein, Mordechai ben Zvi Halevi, 264 Loewenstein-Strachunsky, loel David, 264 Löwenthal, Eliezer Elias, 55 Lyntsa, B., 140 Μ Magilnitsky, Menachem Mendel, 299 Maimonides, Moses, 94 Maier, Shloime Meer (Samuel), 301 Maltitz, A. de, 123 Mandelstam brothers, 109, 111 Manishevich, Mordechai, 257 Marcus, Benjamin, 248 Margolis, Avigdor, 230 Margolis, Eliyahu, 206,128 Margolis, Mordechai, 206 Margolis, Nachman Idel, 274 Mark, Yehuda, 308 Maseltoch, Solomon ben, 96 Maskavas Forstate, 5, 9 Medigo, Yosef Shlomo del, 194 Mehler, Meyer, 335 Meir, Eliyahu ben (Eli Klikoler), 312-5 Meirowitz, Yankel, 85 Meisel, V. A., 127 melamed/melamdim, 70,102, 219 Melech, Solomon ben, 97 Men, Menachem (Menk Vidzer), 239 Menachem, Yosef Shloime ben, 237-9 Mendelssohn, Moses, 52,193 Michelovitz, Yehuda Leb ben Yechiel, 208 Minkin, Baruch Zeev, 233 minyan, 73, 233, 294, 299 387
388 INDEX Mitau/Jelgava, 15,17,20, 64-6, 77,178-81,184-6,194-6; population of, 43, 67, 70; prominent people of, 278-89; rabbis of, 267-78; societies of; 44-5, 64, 71-6,197-8, 289-301; synagogues of, 266-7 Moishe, Yosef ben, 237 Mordvinov, Nikolai Semyonovich, 182 Miinchausen, Johann von, 13,165-6 Munister, Sebastian, 3, 97, 99 Muskat, Shloime Peisach ben Yosef, 208 Mylich, Georg Gottfried, 25-30 N Nachman, Benjamin, 10,125 Nahimovski, Dov Ber ben Israel, 227 Nairi/Friedrichstadt, 301-3 Nathan, Markus, 97 Neuenburg, 172 Neumann, Abraham ben Isaac, 9-10, 39,110,127-32 New Subate, 14 Nikolai I, 9,11, 38, 67,123,147,190, 305-6 Nikolai II, 200, 266, 330 Nisselowitz, Lazar (Eliezer ben Nisan), 216-7 Northern War, 4, 64 Nurok, Aaron ben Arye, 320 Nurok, Aaron Dov Ber, 264 Nurok, Mordechai, 275-6 Nurok, Zvi Hirsch ben Aaron, 274-5 О Oppenheim, Abraham, 215 Orthodox Judaism, 46, 74, 77,108 Ovchinsky, Leon, 151,153, 327-35 Ovchinsky, Levi ben Dov Ber Jonah, 276 Ovchinsky, Yosef Yakov ben Leon, 332-3 P pagans, 79, 94,154 Palanga/Polangen, 305-9 Palestine, 21, 26,152
INDEX 389 Paul I, 35-6,182 Peker, Shloime ben Feitel, 277 Peker, Solomon, 105 People’s Council of Latvia, 158-60 Peter 1,4 Peter’s Academy, 22 Petrus, Henry, 95 Philippson, Ludwig, 123 Philo Judaeus, 50-1 Piltene, 12-3, 37,186-9, 309-18 Pinkovich, Eliezer ben Shraga Itzkhak, 319 Pius VII, 47 Plettenburg, Walter von, 155 Poland, 3,13,15, 63,155-6,166,169,186-7 Polangen (see Palanga/Polangen) Polish Uprising of 1830, 305 population, 39-42, 67-70,190,195 Po rat, Kalman Zvi, 217 Poster Passport, 7 poverty, 26-30, 39,44-6, 60-1, 70-6, 85-6,118-22,131,181-4,191-2, 200-2, 208, 235,258-9, 300 Prel, Yoshua Yosef, 328 Prussia, 13, 24, 52,167 Pumpyanski, Aaron Eliyahu, 134-5 R rabbis: forgotten, 152-3; elections of, 199, 272, 309-11; situation of, 198-200 Rabiner, Mordechai ben Abraham, 209 Rabinovich, Abraham Aba ben Shaul, 207 Rabinovich, Eliezer Simcha, 253-4 Rabinovich, Gershon, 318 Rabinovich, Moishe Yehuda, 277 Rabinovich, Moses, 322 Rabinovich, Sholom, 227 Rabinovich, Zvi Hirsch, 274 Radziwill, Mikolay, 155-6 Rasker, Ar’e Leib, 304 Recke, Elizu von der, 50, 87 Recke, Georg Peter Magnus von der, 19,176 Regensburg, David, 247 Revel, Duber, 226
390 INDEX Revel, Nahum Shraga ben David, 226 Riga City Library, 91-9,102-3 Riga Jewish Committee, 202-3 Rigajewish Community, 131, 133 Rigajewish School, 115-41,149-50 Riga, 5-12, 38; education in, 9,12,117-41; population of, 11; societies of, 5, 8-9; see also Latvia, history of Rivlin family, 302 Robinson, Gershon ben Yosef, 307 Rosen, Yosef, 108-9 Roshal, Chaim Yakov, 331 Rotshildov house, 85 Rozovsky, Baruch Leib, 136,138 Rozovsky, Pinchas, 329 Rubenstein, Yosef, 79 Rubinson, Zeev Volf, 227-8 Russian Empire, 2, 4-8, 34-6, 67,102-3,123, 305; Ministry of Internal Affairs of, 9, 39,119,122,147,193; Senate of, 6, 35-6,117,166,180-5,192-3 S Saadja, 91 Sabile, 320-1 sacrifice, ritual, 21 Saeima, 164, 187 Saint Petersburg, 192 Salantai, 219 Salanter, Girshele/Herschel/Israel, 220-4 Samogitia/Zemaitija, 32,167-8 Samunov, Ephraim, 248 Samunov, Mordechai Yuri ben Aaron, 246-7 Sasmaka, 303-5 Schevelovich, Itzkhak Yakov ben Schuel, 208 Schlosberg, Abraham ben Ari Leib, 206 Schoenberg (see Skaistkalne/Schoenberg) Schoenfeld, Max, 285-6 Segal, Yehezkiel (David Levi), 291 Semigallia, 2,12,14-5, 63,151,154-6,168,177 settlements, early, 164-8 Seume, Lazarus Itzig, 55 Seven People, 295,297 Shalit, Meyer (Maurice) ben Moishe, 255-6
INDEX 391 Shapiro, Shaul, 313 Shavel, Yosef ben Mordechai, 257 Shein, Eliezer Zeev ben Abraham Zvi, 242 Shergei, Menachem Mendel Yehuda Leib, 287-9 Shmuel (rabbi), 301 Shmuel, Yoshua, 316-7 Shochet, Shabtai Chaim, 216 Shpitz, Levi Zvi, 308 Shulman, Isser, 254 Shushan-Emek, Mordechai ben Yosef Rafael, 254 Shvartsbrod, David, 150 Sigismund Augustus, 3 Sigismund II Augustus, 155-6 Simon, Chaim ben, 244-5 Skaistkalne/Schöenberg, 322-5 Skuodas, 167, 236 Sloboda, 208 Slokajewish Community, 117-9 Sloka, 5-9,38,117-21 Sofer, Abba Shabtai, 215 Solomon, Isaac and Moses (brothers), 10 Sotheirius, Yakov, 98 Stern, Loime Zalman, 278 Stern, Moses, 45 Stul, David, 319 Stul, Moishe Shloime (Shalom), 214-5, 319 Subate, 321-2 Sugal, Yosef ben Eliyahu, 278 Sweden, 4, 156 Syrkin, Ezekiel, 255 T Talsi/Talsen, 249 Tarzheki/Dyemien, 249-50 taxes, 3-9,12,26-42,67,76,79, 89-90,117,122-3,126,129,137,140,147-8, 169-73,179-90, 234-6, 266; see also anti-Semitism Teomim, Samuel ben Elkana (Ashkenazi), 56, 267-70 Titsner, Michael, 11 Tobias, Aaron Solomon, 56, 243 Tobias, Shalom Zvi, 321 trade {see livelihood)
392 traditions, 21-2, 73-7, 84, 91,107-11,114,246,250,279 Tsiyuni, Aaron Zelig, 231 Tsiyuni, Israel, 240 Tsiyuni, Itzkhak, 231-2 Tukums/Tukkum, 250-4 U über-hauptmannschaft (see hauptmannschaft) über-rats, 15-6, 64 USSR, 162 Uvarov, Sergey Semyonovich, 118,122,124, 223 V Vagius, Paul, 96 Vajner, Meer Eliyahu, 331 Valdek (prince), 81 Verbluner, Yakov Moishe, 295 Vilnius Gaon, 111 Vilnius, 3 Vindau/Ventspils, 246-8 Volf (attorney), 56, 82,283-4 Volozhinski, Itzkhak, 223-4 Volpert, Chaim Zvi Abraham, 233 Vonsh, Elimelech ben Ari, 205 w Wakhtel, 229 Welez, Yehuda, 97 Whalit, Elia ben Shloime, 203 Wilhelm, Friedrich, 52 Wittenheim, Friedrich Witte von, 20-3 World War 1,157-61, 164,200, 330, 333 World War II, vi, 335 Wunderbar, 9, 91,110,148,151; biography of, 1,101-5,284; as teacher, 124-30; works of, 56-60,111-2,178, 284 Wunsch, Christian Ulrich, 85-6 INDEX
INDEX Y Yakobson, Elias, 77 Yakobson, Ephraim Yakov ben Israel, 53, 276 Yakov (Trisker), 272 Yanover, Yehezkiel, 232 Yehiel, Asher ben, 53 Yehoshua, Sholom, 227 Yehuda, Isaac ben, 64-5 Yehuda, Itzkhak ben, 289 Yehuda, Yakov ben, 210-2 Yekutiel, David Ezekiel ben, 271 yeshiva, 74,195,222,311-2 z Zac, Menachem Mendel Dov Ber ben Isaac, 320 Zach, Menachem Mendel, 203 Zalman, Eliyahu ben Shlomo, 108 Zarkhi, Shimon ben Zorekh, 254-5 Zelig, Yehoshua, 239 Zeligman, Chaim David, 231 Zeligman, Dov Ber, 230 Zeligman, Michael Yakov, 230-1 Zemaitija (see Samogitia) Zemitans, 161 Zionism, 108,114,152,265,275 Zisel, Yekhutiel, 228 Zvi, Dov Ber ben, 316-7 Zvi, Eliyahu ben, 323 393 |
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| spelling | Materials on the history of the Jews in Latvia Volume 1 chief editor Rabbi Dr.paed. Menachem Barkahan ; compilation and commentary: Dr.hist. Grigory Smirin ; editors: Dr.hist. Tatiana Alekseeva, Rita Bogdanova Riga, Latvia Shamir Association 2021 393 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Barkahan, Menachem (DE-588)136400752 edt Biedrība "Šamir" (DE-588)1106419081 isb (DE-604)BV048881268 1 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034146004&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034146004&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Ortsregister Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034146004&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Materials on the history of the Jews in Latvia |
| title | Materials on the history of the Jews in Latvia |
| title_alt | Materialy po istorii evreev Latvii |
| title_auth | Materials on the history of the Jews in Latvia |
| title_exact_search | Materials on the history of the Jews in Latvia |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Materials on the history of the Jews in Latvia |
| title_full | Materials on the history of the Jews in Latvia Volume 1 chief editor Rabbi Dr.paed. Menachem Barkahan ; compilation and commentary: Dr.hist. Grigory Smirin ; editors: Dr.hist. Tatiana Alekseeva, Rita Bogdanova |
| title_fullStr | Materials on the history of the Jews in Latvia Volume 1 chief editor Rabbi Dr.paed. Menachem Barkahan ; compilation and commentary: Dr.hist. Grigory Smirin ; editors: Dr.hist. Tatiana Alekseeva, Rita Bogdanova |
| title_full_unstemmed | Materials on the history of the Jews in Latvia Volume 1 chief editor Rabbi Dr.paed. Menachem Barkahan ; compilation and commentary: Dr.hist. Grigory Smirin ; editors: Dr.hist. Tatiana Alekseeva, Rita Bogdanova |
| title_short | Materials on the history of the Jews in Latvia |
| title_sort | materials on the history of the jews in latvia |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034146004&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034146004&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034146004&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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