Some thoughts about the evolution of human behavior: a literature survey
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Oxford
Archaeopress Archaeology
2021
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xi, 236 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781789699036 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Some thoughts about the evolution of human behavior |b a literature survey |c Arthur J. Boucot ; with edits by John M. Saul and John B. Southard (students of the author from the first day of his teaching career) |
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Archaeopress Archaeology |c 2021 | |
| 300 | |a xi, 236 Seiten | ||
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| 653 | 0 | |a Homme / Évolution | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Homme / Origines | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Human beings / Origin | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Human evolution | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Southard, John B. |0 (DE-588)1242934448 |4 ctb | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804184997656002561 |
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| adam_text | Contents Preface............................................................................................................................................... xi Acknowledgements............................................................................................................................xi Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 1 Thesis.................................................................................................................................................. 2 First Appearance of‘New’ Behaviors or New Technologies?............................................................ 3 Taxonomy........................................................................................................................................... 5 Quantum Evolution............................................................................................................................. 6 Nominin Evolution........................................................................................................................6 Data..................................................................................................................................................... 8 Summary....................................................................................................................................... 8 Skeletal
Features........................................................................................................................... 8 Hand......................................................................................................................................... 9 Handedness.............................................................................................................................. 9 Shoulder................................................................................................................................. 10 Brain Size and Morphology................................................................................................... 11 Infant Nutrition..................................................................................................................... 12 Legs and Bipedal Walking...................................................................................................... 14 Feet (Prehensile Toes)............................................................................................................ 14 Rib Cage.................................................................................................................................. 14 Legs and Arms........................................................................................................................ 15 Pelvis and Spine..................................................................................................................... 15 Neck and Position of the Foramen
Magnum.........................................................................15 Tooth Morphology.................................................................................................................15 Prognathism........................................................................................................................... 16 Sexual Dimorphism................................................................................................................ 16 Size and Robusticity...............................................................................................................16 Baculum.................................................................................................................................. 17 Hearing................................................................................................................................... 17 Mortality................................................................................................................................ 18 Soft-Tissue Evidence with Some Skeletal Basis.......................................................................... 18 Summary................................................................................................................................ 18 Digestive-Tract Morphology and Physiology........................................................................18 Soft-Tissue Evidence Supported by Molecular Information...................................................... 18 Penile
spines........................................................................................................................... 18 Smell.......................................................................................................................................19 Sexual Receptivity................................................................................................................. 19 Soft Tissue Variables with No Skeletal Evidence........................................................................20 Summary................................................................................................................................ 20 Vision......................................................................................................................................20 ‘Hairlessness’ and Skin........................................................................................................... 20
Sweat Glands................................................................................................................... 20 Estrus.............................................................................................................................. 21 Obstetric Implications (see also Pelvis and Spine, above).............................................21 Life Span.......................................................................................................................... 22 Menopause..................................................................................................................... 22 Behavioral Features.............................................................................................................. 22 Birth Interval...................................................................................................................22 Pair Bonding................................................................................................................... 22 Division of Labor............................................................................................................. 23 Other Behavioral Features.............................................................................................. 23 Physiological Features.......................................................................................................... 23 Diet.................................................................................................................................. 24
Summary.................................................................................................................... 24 Australopithecines and Prehominins........................................................... 26 Oldowan .................................................................................................................... 26 Acheulian................................................................................................................... 26 Middle Paleolithic...................................................................................................... 27 Upper Paleolithic....................................................................................................... 27 Natufian..................................................................................................................... 28 Mesolithic.................................................................................................................. 28 Neolithic..................................................................................................................... 28 Food Processing..................................................................................................................... 29 Querns, Grinders, and Grindstones................................................................................. 29 Cut Marks Made by Humans on Bone............................................................................. 30 Sources of
Food..................................................................................................................... 31 Evidence for Cultivation....................................................................................................... 31 Grain and Legumes.......................................................................................................... 33 Bread and Noodles........................................................................................................... 34 Cooking.................................................................................................................................. 34 Gathering and Processing Fruits, Seeds, and other Edible Plant Parts............................... 35 Acheulian......................................................................................................................... 35 Middle Pleistocene.......................................................................................................... 35 Late Paleolithic....................... 36 Mesolithic........................................................................................................................ 36 Natufian............................................................................................................................ 36 Neolithic and Bronze Age................................................................................................ 36 Hunting and Fishing.............................................................................................................. 37
Animal..............................................................................................................................37 Mammal..................................................................................................................... 37 Oldowan................................................................................................................ 37 Acheulian.............................................................................................................. 37 Middle Paleolithic................................................................................................ 38 Upper Paleolithic.................................................................................................. 38 Natufian................................................................................................................ 39 Neolithic and Late Paleolithic............................................................................. 39 Invertebrates, Chiefly Shellfish........ ......................................................................... 39 Middle Stone Age............................................ 39 ii
Upper Paleolithic.................................................................................................. 40 Neolithic............................................................................................................... 40 Fish.............................................................................................................................. 40 Lower Paleolithic.................................................................................................. 40 Middle Stone Age................................................................................................. 40 Late Stone Age...................................................................................................... 40 Natufian................................................................................................................ 41 Neolithic............................................................................................................... 41 Bronze Age............................................................................................................ 41 Birds............................................................................................................................ 41 Honey and Beeswax................................................................................................... 41 Alcoholic Beverages, Including Wine and Beer Plus Various Additives.................. 42 Summary.............................................................................................................. 42
Wine...................................................................................................................... 42 Mead...................................................................................................................... 43 Beer, Ale, and Allied Beverages............................................................................ 43 Distilled Beverages............................................................................................... 43 Farming.................................................................................................................................. 44 Summary.......................................................................................................................... 44 Domestic Animals and ‘Pets’........................................................................................... 47 Horses, Donkeys, Asses.............................................................................................. 47 Camels.........................................................................................................................48 Goats, Sheep............................................................................................................... 48 Dogs and Cats............................................................................................................. 48 Pigs.............................................................................................................................. 49
Cattle.......................................................................................................................... 49 Milk and Dairy Products.................................................................................................. 49 Cheese............................................................................................................................... 50 Storage Facilities.............................................................................................................. 50 Plow.................................................................................................................................. 51 Water Resources..................................................................................................................... 51 Summary.......................................................................................................................... 51 Wells.................................................................................................................................. 51 Siphons............................................................................................................................. 52 Cisterns............................................................................................................................. 52 Springs.............................................................................................................................. 52
Pipes.................................................................................................................................. 52 Water Wheels................................................................................................................... 52 Aqueducts.........................................................................................................................52 Dams................................................................................................................................. 53 Irrigation Systems........................................................................................................... 53 Egyptian...................................................................................................................... 53 Near Eastern............................................................................................................... 53 Chinese....................................................................................................................... 54 Southeast Asian......................................................................................................... 54 Human-Waste Disposal, Rubbish Disposal, Baths, and Drainage......................................... 54 Mohenjo-Daro ................................................................................................................. 56 iii
Minoan........................................................................................................................... 56 Greek and Roman........................................................................................................... 56 Greek............................................................................................................................... 56 Roman............................................................................................................................. 56 Behavioral-Technological Innovations............................................................................... 57 Tools and Materials..............................................................................................................58 Summary......................................................................................................................... 58 Stone and Bone Tools.................................................................................................... 58 Generalities............................................................................................................... 58 Oldowan.................................................................................................................... 59 Acheulian.................................................................................................................. 60 Middle Paleolithic..................................................................................................... 61 Upper
Paleolithic...................................................................................................... 61 Natufian.................................................................................................................... 61 Neolithic.................................................................................................................... 61 Chalcolithic................................................................................................................ 61 Bronze Age................................................................................................................. 61 Iron Age......................................................................................................................62 Tool Use........................................................................................................................... 62 Stone (see also Mining and Quarrying, below)................................................................. 62 Mining and Quarrying.................................................................................................... 63 Acheulian................................................................................................................... 63 Mesolithic and Late Paleolithic.................................................................................64 Bronze Age................................................................................................................. 64 Variscite and Cinnabar
Mines.................................................................................. 64 Amazonite, Amethyst, and Emerald Quarries and Turquoise Mines in Egypt........ 65 Mining of Flint and Obsidian.......................................................................................... 65 Neolithic and Middle Paleolithic Flint and Other Tool-Materials........................... 65 Bronze Age Obsidian Quarry......................................................................................66 Metal, and Metal Mining and Smelting...........................................................................66 Firesetting.................................................................................................................. 67 Mining and Quarrying Tools........................................................................................... 67 Neolithic and Younger Mines.................................................................................... 68 Ancient Copper Mines.....................................................................................................69 Europe........................................................................................................................ 69 Southeast Europe....................................................................................................... 69 Serbia.................................................................................................................... 69
Bulgaria................................................................................................................. 69 Eastern and Central Mediterranean.......................................................................... 69 Greece and the Aegean Islands..................................................................... ...... 69 Cyprus................................................................................................................... 70 Sardinia and Corsica............................................................................................ 70 Italy....................................................................................................................... 70 Iberia and the Western Mediterranean..................................................................... 70 Southwest Spain................................................................................................... 70 Portugal................................................................................................................ 70 Southeast and Central-East Spain.........................................................................70 iv
Northern Spain.................................................................................................... 71 France and the Western Alps.................................................................................... 71 Other Mines in Southern France........................................................................ 71 The French Alps................................................................................................... 71 Northern Europe........................................................................................................71 Ireland.................................................................................................................. 71 Britain.................................................................................................................. 71 Central and Eastern Europe...................................................................................... 72 The Austrian Mines............................................................................................. 72 Slovakia................................................................................................................ 72 Southern Urals.....................................................................................................72 Near East.................................................................................................................... 72 Asia............................................................................................................................. 73 Ancient Tin
Deposits.......................................................................................................73 Old World................................................................................................................... 73 South America........................................................................................................... 74 Ancient Lead, Silver, Gold, and Zinc Deposits................................................................ 74 Gold Mining.....................................................................................................................75 Salt Mining and Production.......................................................................................... 75 Ocher; Hematite Mining................................................................................................. 76 Brick.................................................................................................................................76 Wood and Reed (see also Hafting, Below)...................................................................... 77 Lacquerware................................................................................................................... 78 Bone................................................................................................................................ 78 Ivory................................................................................................................................ 78
Antler...............................................................................................................................79 Leather and Rawhide..................................................................................................... 79 Pottery and Ceramics (See Also Kilns, Pottery Wheels, Below).................................... 80 Ceramics.................................................................................................................... 80 Pottery....................................................................................................................... 80 Kilns..................................................................................................................... 81 Pottery Wheels................................................................................................... 81 Plaster and Bitumen................................................................................................. 81 Metal.......................................................................................................................... 83 Gold...................................................................................................................... 83 Copper and Bronze..............................................................................................83 Iron...................................................................................................................... 84
Glass........................................................................................................................... 84 Abrasives................................................................................................................... 85 Containers................................................................................................................ 85 Utensils..................................................................................................................... 85 Rope, String, Cords................................................................................................... 85 Hafting....................................................................................................................... 86 Middle Stone Age............................................................................................... 86 Late Stone Age.................................................................................................... 86 Neolithic............................................................................................................. 86 Post֊Neolithic..................................................................................................... 87 V
Warfare and Interpersonal Violence (See Also Hafting, Above)................................... 87 Summary................................................................................................................... 87 Intraspecific Violence...............................................................................................88 Evidence of Warfare..................................................................................................89 Neolithic and Younger........................................................................................ 90 Fortification......................................................................................................... 91 Projectiles............................................................................................................ 92 Armor, Including Shields and Weapons............................................................. 93 Hafting (see above).............................................................................................. 93 Textiles, Clothing, Basketry, Matting, Wooden Containers........................................... 93 Neolithic.................................................................................................................... 94 Copper Age................................................................................................................ 95 Bronze Age................................................................................................................. 95 Iron
Age......................................................................................................................95 Dyeing Materials.................................................................................................. 96 Bedding................................................................................................................ 96 Stone Age........................................................................................................96 Upper Paleolithic...........................................................................................96 Neolithic.........................................................................................................97 Property (see also Trading and Transport of Materials)............................................... 97 Trading and Transport of Materials............................................................................... 97 Oldowan..................................................................................................................... 98 Early Stone Age.......................................................................................................... 98 Middle Stone Age/Middle Paleolithic....................................................................... 99 Upper Paleolithic....................................................................................................... 99 Natufian..................................................................................................................... 99
Neolithic.................................................................................................................... 99 Bronze Age................................................................................................................ 100 Iron Age and Younger.............................................................................................. 103 Transportation............................................................................................................... 103 Summary...................................................................................................................103 Movement by Water and ‘Boats’.............................................................................. 103 Inferential Data........................................................................................................ 103 Indonesia and Nearby Islands............................................................................ 103 Australia and New Guinea (Sahul)......................................................................104 Islands East and North of Australia-New Guinea.............................................. 104 Bay of Bengal....................................................................................................... 104 Mediterranean Region........................................................................................ 104 Actual Data............................................................................................................... 105 Movement on
Land................................................................................................... 106 Horse................................................................................................................... 106 Carts, Wagons, Wheels, Axles............................................................................. 106 Roads................................................................................................................... 106 Heavy Transport...................................................................................................... 107 Fire (refer to Diet also, above)....................................................................................... 107 Summary................................................................................................................... 107 Evidence.............................................................................................................. 108 vi
Lower Paleolithic................................................................................................ 108 Acheulian............................................................................................................ 109 Middle Paleolithic.............................................................................................. 109 Upper Paleolithic................................................................................................ 110 Neolithic and Later............................................................................................ 110 Architecture..........................................................................................................................110 Shelter and Buildings..................................................................................................... 110 Acheulian.................................................................................................................. 110 Earlier Paleolithic..................................................................................................... Ill Middle Paleolithic..................................................................................................... Ill Upper Paleolithic...................................................................................................... Ill Natufian and Neolithic.............................................................................................Ill Door
Locks....................................................................................................................... 112 Measurements and Numbers.............................................................................................. 112 Scales, Balances, Weights.................................................................................................... 112 Religion................................................................................................................................. 112 Shrines.............................................................................................................................113 Divinities......................................................................................................................... 113 Burials, Afterlife, Memorials, and Monuments............................................................ 113 Summary................................................................................................................... 113 Lower Paleolithic...................................................................................................... 114 Middle Stone Age...................................................................................................... 114 Late Paleolithic......................................................................................................... 115 Natufian and Neolithic.............................................................................................115
Neolithic.................................................................................................................... 116 Iron Age..................................................................................................................... 117 Egyptian...............................................................................................................117 Ur......................................................................................................................... 117 Bronze Age, Minoan, Greek, and Roman.................................................................. 117 Cemeteries...................................................................................................................... 118 Cremations...................................................................................................................... 118 Gregariousness................................................................................................................118 Slavery and Prostitution................................................................................................ 118 Mass Deportations.......................................................................................................... 119 Human Disease............................................................................................................... 119 The Record...................................................................................................................... 120 Sources of Evidence Other Than
Skeletal................................................................ 121 Mummies.................................................................................................................. 122 Feces.......................................................................................................................... 122 Cancer................................................................................................................. 122 Rheumatic and Arthritic Diseases, Joint Diseases............................................. 123 Infectious Diseases................................................................................................... 123 Chagas Disease.................................................................................................... 123 Smallpox............................................................................................................. 123 Tuberculosis........................................................................................................ 124 Peptic Ulcers and Helicobacter pylori................................................................... 124 Typhoid Fever..................................................................................................... 124 vii
Typhus....................................................................................................................... 124 Malaria...................................................................................................................... 125 Toxoplasmosis.......................................................................................................... 125 Leprosy...................................................................................................................... 125 Leishmaniasis........................................................................................................... 125 Syphilis...................................................................................................................... 126 Lyme Disease............................................................................................................ 126 Plague and Trench Fever........................................................................................ 126 Rabies........................................................................................................................ 126 Sinusitis..................................................................................................................... 127 Gout........................................................................................................................... 127 Sleeping Sickness.................................................................................................... 127
Ergotism.................................................................................................................... 127 Rates of Evolution.......................................................................................................... 127 Diarrhea.................................................................................................................... 127 Amoebic Dysentery and Amoebic Liver Abscess................................................. 127 Protozoans................................................................................................................ 128 Lice and Fleas .................................................................................................................128 Lice............................................................................................................................. 128 Fleas........................................................................................................................... 129 Bedbugs......................................................................................................................129 Parasitic Diseases............................................................................................................129 Helminths.................................................................................................................. 129 Giant Kidney Worm.................................................................................................. 130
Schistosomiasis......................................................................................................... 130 Roundworms............................................................................................................. 130 Taenia Tapeworms.................................................................................................... 130 Fish Tapeworm.........................................................................................................131 Whipworms............................................................................................................... 131 Hookworms............................................................................................................... 131 Lancet Fluke and Sheep Liver Fluke.......................................................................132 Guinea Worm............................................................................................................ 132 Pinworm.................................................................................................................... 132 Echinostomiasis........................................................................................................ 132 Anthracosis................................................................................................................ 132 Lead Poisoning.......................................................................................................... 132
Osteomyelitis............................................................................................................ 133 Rickets and Scurvy................................................................................................... 133 Caries in Humans...................................................................................................... 133 Fractures.................................................................................................................... 134 Joint Disease.............................................................................................................. 134 Developmental Disorders.........................................................................................134 Infanticide and Uxoricide............................................................................................. 134 Trepanation and Skull Deformation............................................................................. 135 Cannabis and Opium...................................................................................................... 135 Medicine and Medicinal Plants..................................................................................... 136 Care of the Handicapped...................................................................................................... 137 viii
Summary................................................................................................................... 137 Early Paleolithic........................................................................................................ 137 Middle Paleolithic..................................................................................................... 137 Late Paleolithic......................................................................................................... 137 Neolithic to Present................................................................................................. 138 Communication.................................................................................................................... 138 Language................................................................................................................... 138 Writing...................................................................................................................... 139 Paper.......................................................................................................................... 140 Art........................................................................................................................................ 140 Summary......................................................................................................................... 140 Graphic Arts.................................................................................................................... 141 Lower Paleolithic
.................................................................................................... 142 Middle Paleolithic..................................................................................................... 142 Upper Paleolithic...................................................................................................... 143 Natufian.................................................................................................................... 143 Neolithic.................................................................................................................... 144 Plastic Arts...................................................................................................................... 144 Acheulian...................................................................................................................144 Middle Paleolithic..................................................................................................... 145 Upper Paleolithic...................................................................................................... 145 Natufian.................................................................................................................... 146 Neolithic.................................................................................................................... 146 Bronze Age................................................................................................................. 147
Ornaments...................................................................................................................... 147 Summary................................................................................................................... 147 Tattoos............................................................................................................................. 147 Decorative arts................................................................................................................ 147 Jewelry....................................................................................................................... 147 Beads.......................................................................................................................... 148 Acheulian...................................................................................................................148 Middle Stone Age...................................................................................................... 149 Paleolithic.................................................................................................................. 149 Natufian.................................................................................................................... 150 Neolithic.....................................................................................................................150 Bronze Age................................................................................................................. 151 Iron
Age..................................................................................................................... 151 Pendants.......................................................................................................................... 152 Middle Paleolithic..................................................................................................... 152 Upper Paleolithic...................................................................................................... 152 Neolithic.................................................................................................................... 152 Bronze Age.................................................................................................................152 Bracelets and Headdresses............................................................................................. 153 Earrings........................................................................................................................... 153 Pearls and Mother of Pearl............................................................................................. 154 Quartz Crystals................................................................................................................ 154 Various Minerals............................................................................................................. 154 ix
Amber and Lignite plus Jet........................................................................................... 154 Mirrors.......................................................................................................................... 154 Feathers......................................................................................................................... 155 Fossils............................................................................................................................. 155 Ocher and Malachite (see also Beads, Pendants, Ocher Mining, and Burials)............ 155 Abbevillian/Acheulian........................................................................................... 155 Middle Stone Age.....................................................................................................155 Upper Paleolithic.....................................................................................................156 Natufian................................................................................................................... 156 Neolithic................................................................................................................... 156 Music............................................................................................................................. 157 Cannibalism................................................................................................................... 158 Executions, Human Sacrifice, Banishment, Crime, Suicide.........................................158
Clothing (see also above: Textiles, Clothing, and Basketry; Beads and Pendants)...... 159 Needles..................................................................................................................... 160 Lighting......................................................................................................................... 160 Calendar........................................................................................................................ 160 Games............................................................................................................................ 161 Migrations...................................................................................................................... 161 Miscellaneous................................................................................................................ 162 Conclusions............................................................................................................................... 163 Bibliography............................................................................................................................. 165 x
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| adam_txt |
Contents Preface. xi Acknowledgements.xi Introduction. 1 Thesis. 2 First Appearance of‘New’ Behaviors or New Technologies?. 3 Taxonomy. 5 Quantum Evolution. 6 Nominin Evolution.6 Data. 8 Summary. 8 Skeletal
Features. 8 Hand. 9 Handedness. 9 Shoulder. 10 Brain Size and Morphology. 11 Infant Nutrition. 12 Legs and Bipedal Walking. 14 Feet (Prehensile Toes). 14 Rib Cage. 14 Legs and Arms. 15 Pelvis and Spine. 15 Neck and Position of the Foramen
Magnum.15 Tooth Morphology.15 Prognathism. 16 Sexual Dimorphism. 16 Size and Robusticity.16 Baculum. 17 Hearing. 17 Mortality. 18 Soft-Tissue Evidence with Some Skeletal Basis. 18 Summary. 18 Digestive-Tract Morphology and Physiology.18 Soft-Tissue Evidence Supported by Molecular Information. 18 Penile
spines. 18 Smell.19 Sexual Receptivity. 19 Soft Tissue Variables with No Skeletal Evidence.20 Summary. 20 Vision.20 ‘Hairlessness’ and Skin. 20
Sweat Glands. 20 Estrus. 21 Obstetric Implications (see also Pelvis and Spine, above).21 Life Span. 22 Menopause. 22 Behavioral Features. 22 Birth Interval.22 Pair Bonding. 22 Division of Labor. 23 Other Behavioral Features. 23 Physiological Features. 23 Diet. 24
Summary. 24 Australopithecines and Prehominins. 26 Oldowan . 26 Acheulian. 26 Middle Paleolithic. 27 Upper Paleolithic. 27 Natufian. 28 Mesolithic. 28 Neolithic. 28 Food Processing. 29 Querns, Grinders, and Grindstones. 29 Cut Marks Made by Humans on Bone. 30 Sources of
Food. 31 Evidence for Cultivation. 31 Grain and Legumes. 33 Bread and Noodles. 34 Cooking. 34 Gathering and Processing Fruits, Seeds, and other Edible Plant Parts. 35 Acheulian. 35 Middle Pleistocene. 35 Late Paleolithic. 36 Mesolithic. 36 Natufian. 36 Neolithic and Bronze Age. 36 Hunting and Fishing. 37
Animal.37 Mammal. 37 Oldowan. 37 Acheulian. 37 Middle Paleolithic. 38 Upper Paleolithic. 38 Natufian. 39 Neolithic and Late Paleolithic. 39 Invertebrates, Chiefly Shellfish. . 39 Middle Stone Age. 39 ii
Upper Paleolithic. 40 Neolithic. 40 Fish. 40 Lower Paleolithic. 40 Middle Stone Age. 40 Late Stone Age. 40 Natufian. 41 Neolithic. 41 Bronze Age. 41 Birds. 41 Honey and Beeswax. 41 Alcoholic Beverages, Including Wine and Beer Plus Various Additives. 42 Summary. 42
Wine. 42 Mead. 43 Beer, Ale, and Allied Beverages. 43 Distilled Beverages. 43 Farming. 44 Summary. 44 Domestic Animals and ‘Pets’. 47 Horses, Donkeys, Asses. 47 Camels.48 Goats, Sheep. 48 Dogs and Cats. 48 Pigs. 49
Cattle. 49 Milk and Dairy Products. 49 Cheese. 50 Storage Facilities. 50 Plow. 51 Water Resources. 51 Summary. 51 Wells. 51 Siphons. 52 Cisterns. 52 Springs. 52
Pipes. 52 Water Wheels. 52 Aqueducts.52 Dams. 53 Irrigation Systems. 53 Egyptian. 53 Near Eastern. 53 Chinese. 54 Southeast Asian. 54 Human-Waste Disposal, Rubbish Disposal, Baths, and Drainage. 54 Mohenjo-Daro . 56 iii
Minoan. 56 Greek and Roman. 56 Greek. 56 Roman. 56 Behavioral-Technological Innovations. 57 Tools and Materials.58 Summary. 58 Stone and Bone Tools. 58 Generalities. 58 Oldowan. 59 Acheulian. 60 Middle Paleolithic. 61 Upper
Paleolithic. 61 Natufian. 61 Neolithic. 61 Chalcolithic. 61 Bronze Age. 61 Iron Age.62 Tool Use. 62 Stone (see also Mining and Quarrying, below). 62 Mining and Quarrying. 63 Acheulian. 63 Mesolithic and Late Paleolithic.64 Bronze Age. 64 Variscite and Cinnabar
Mines. 64 Amazonite, Amethyst, and Emerald Quarries and Turquoise Mines in Egypt. 65 Mining of Flint and Obsidian. 65 Neolithic and Middle Paleolithic Flint and Other Tool-Materials. 65 Bronze Age Obsidian Quarry.66 Metal, and Metal Mining and Smelting.66 Firesetting. 67 Mining and Quarrying Tools. 67 Neolithic and Younger Mines. 68 Ancient Copper Mines.69 Europe. 69 Southeast Europe. 69 Serbia. 69
Bulgaria. 69 Eastern and Central Mediterranean. 69 Greece and the Aegean Islands. . 69 Cyprus. 70 Sardinia and Corsica. 70 Italy. 70 Iberia and the Western Mediterranean. 70 Southwest Spain. 70 Portugal. 70 Southeast and Central-East Spain.70 iv
Northern Spain. 71 France and the Western Alps. 71 Other Mines in Southern France. 71 The French Alps. 71 Northern Europe.71 Ireland. 71 Britain. 71 Central and Eastern Europe. 72 The Austrian Mines. 72 Slovakia. 72 Southern Urals.72 Near East. 72 Asia. 73 Ancient Tin
Deposits.73 Old World. 73 South America. 74 Ancient Lead, Silver, Gold, and Zinc Deposits. 74 Gold Mining.75 Salt Mining and Production. 75 Ocher; Hematite Mining. 76 Brick.76 Wood and Reed (see also Hafting, Below). 77 Lacquerware. 78 Bone. 78 Ivory. 78
Antler.79 Leather and Rawhide. 79 Pottery and Ceramics (See Also Kilns, Pottery Wheels, Below). 80 Ceramics. 80 Pottery. 80 Kilns. 81 Pottery Wheels. 81 Plaster and Bitumen. 81 Metal. 83 Gold. 83 Copper and Bronze.83 Iron. 84
Glass. 84 Abrasives. 85 Containers. 85 Utensils. 85 Rope, String, Cords. 85 Hafting. 86 Middle Stone Age. 86 Late Stone Age. 86 Neolithic. 86 Post֊Neolithic. 87 V
Warfare and Interpersonal Violence (See Also Hafting, Above). 87 Summary. 87 Intraspecific Violence.88 Evidence of Warfare.89 Neolithic and Younger. 90 Fortification. 91 Projectiles. 92 Armor, Including Shields and Weapons. 93 Hafting (see above). 93 Textiles, Clothing, Basketry, Matting, Wooden Containers. 93 Neolithic. 94 Copper Age. 95 Bronze Age. 95 Iron
Age.95 Dyeing Materials. 96 Bedding. 96 Stone Age.96 Upper Paleolithic.96 Neolithic.97 Property (see also Trading and Transport of Materials). 97 Trading and Transport of Materials. 97 Oldowan. 98 Early Stone Age. 98 Middle Stone Age/Middle Paleolithic. 99 Upper Paleolithic. 99 Natufian. 99
Neolithic. 99 Bronze Age. 100 Iron Age and Younger. 103 Transportation. 103 Summary.103 Movement by Water and ‘Boats’. 103 Inferential Data. 103 Indonesia and Nearby Islands. 103 Australia and New Guinea (Sahul).104 Islands East and North of Australia-New Guinea. 104 Bay of Bengal. 104 Mediterranean Region. 104 Actual Data. 105 Movement on
Land. 106 Horse. 106 Carts, Wagons, Wheels, Axles. 106 Roads. 106 Heavy Transport. 107 Fire (refer to Diet also, above). 107 Summary. 107 Evidence. 108 vi
Lower Paleolithic. 108 Acheulian. 109 Middle Paleolithic. 109 Upper Paleolithic. 110 Neolithic and Later. 110 Architecture.110 Shelter and Buildings. 110 Acheulian. 110 Earlier Paleolithic. Ill Middle Paleolithic. Ill Upper Paleolithic. Ill Natufian and Neolithic.Ill Door
Locks. 112 Measurements and Numbers. 112 Scales, Balances, Weights. 112 Religion. 112 Shrines.113 Divinities. 113 Burials, Afterlife, Memorials, and Monuments. 113 Summary. 113 Lower Paleolithic. 114 Middle Stone Age. 114 Late Paleolithic. 115 Natufian and Neolithic.115
Neolithic. 116 Iron Age. 117 Egyptian.117 Ur. 117 Bronze Age, Minoan, Greek, and Roman. 117 Cemeteries. 118 Cremations. 118 Gregariousness.118 Slavery and Prostitution. 118 Mass Deportations. 119 Human Disease. 119 The Record. 120 Sources of Evidence Other Than
Skeletal. 121 Mummies. 122 Feces. 122 Cancer. 122 Rheumatic and Arthritic Diseases, Joint Diseases. 123 Infectious Diseases. 123 Chagas Disease. 123 Smallpox. 123 Tuberculosis. 124 Peptic Ulcers and Helicobacter pylori. 124 Typhoid Fever. 124 vii
Typhus. 124 Malaria. 125 Toxoplasmosis. 125 Leprosy. 125 Leishmaniasis. 125 Syphilis. 126 Lyme Disease. 126 Plague and Trench Fever. 126 Rabies. 126 Sinusitis. 127 Gout. 127 Sleeping Sickness. 127
Ergotism. 127 Rates of Evolution. 127 Diarrhea. 127 Amoebic Dysentery and Amoebic Liver Abscess. 127 Protozoans. 128 Lice and Fleas .128 Lice. 128 Fleas. 129 Bedbugs.129 Parasitic Diseases.129 Helminths. 129 Giant Kidney Worm. 130
Schistosomiasis. 130 Roundworms. 130 Taenia Tapeworms. 130 Fish Tapeworm.131 Whipworms. 131 Hookworms. 131 Lancet Fluke and Sheep Liver Fluke.132 Guinea Worm. 132 Pinworm. 132 Echinostomiasis. 132 Anthracosis. 132 Lead Poisoning. 132
Osteomyelitis. 133 Rickets and Scurvy. 133 Caries in Humans. 133 Fractures. 134 Joint Disease. 134 Developmental Disorders.134 Infanticide and Uxoricide. 134 Trepanation and Skull Deformation. 135 Cannabis and Opium. 135 Medicine and Medicinal Plants. 136 Care of the Handicapped. 137 viii
Summary. 137 Early Paleolithic. 137 Middle Paleolithic. 137 Late Paleolithic. 137 Neolithic to Present. 138 Communication. 138 Language. 138 Writing. 139 Paper. 140 Art. 140 Summary. 140 Graphic Arts. 141 Lower Paleolithic
. 142 Middle Paleolithic. 142 Upper Paleolithic. 143 Natufian. 143 Neolithic. 144 Plastic Arts. 144 Acheulian.144 Middle Paleolithic. 145 Upper Paleolithic. 145 Natufian. 146 Neolithic. 146 Bronze Age. 147
Ornaments. 147 Summary. 147 Tattoos. 147 Decorative arts. 147 Jewelry. 147 Beads. 148 Acheulian.148 Middle Stone Age. 149 Paleolithic. 149 Natufian. 150 Neolithic.150 Bronze Age. 151 Iron
Age. 151 Pendants. 152 Middle Paleolithic. 152 Upper Paleolithic. 152 Neolithic. 152 Bronze Age.152 Bracelets and Headdresses. 153 Earrings. 153 Pearls and Mother of Pearl. 154 Quartz Crystals. 154 Various Minerals. 154 ix
Amber and Lignite plus Jet. 154 Mirrors. 154 Feathers. 155 Fossils. 155 Ocher and Malachite (see also Beads, Pendants, Ocher Mining, and Burials). 155 Abbevillian/Acheulian. 155 Middle Stone Age.155 Upper Paleolithic.156 Natufian. 156 Neolithic. 156 Music. 157 Cannibalism. 158 Executions, Human Sacrifice, Banishment, Crime, Suicide.158
Clothing (see also above: Textiles, Clothing, and Basketry; Beads and Pendants). 159 Needles. 160 Lighting. 160 Calendar. 160 Games. 161 Migrations. 161 Miscellaneous. 162 Conclusions. 163 Bibliography. 165 x |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:48:14Z |
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| isbn | 9781789699036 |
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| spelling | Boucot, Arthur J. 1924-2017 Verfasser (DE-588)121237001 aut Some thoughts about the evolution of human behavior a literature survey Arthur J. Boucot ; with edits by John M. Saul and John B. Southard (students of the author from the first day of his teaching career) Oxford Archaeopress Archaeology 2021 xi, 236 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Mensch (DE-588)4038639-9 gnd rswk-swf Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd rswk-swf Human evolution Human beings / Origin Homme / Évolution Homme / Origines (DE-588)4167870-9 Literaturbericht gnd-content Mensch (DE-588)4038639-9 s Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 s DE-604 Saul, John M. 1937- (DE-588)1235412393 ctb Southard, John B. (DE-588)1242934448 ctb Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-78969-904-3 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034130253&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Boucot, Arthur J. 1924-2017 Some thoughts about the evolution of human behavior a literature survey Mensch (DE-588)4038639-9 gnd Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4038639-9 (DE-588)4071050-6 (DE-588)4167870-9 |
| title | Some thoughts about the evolution of human behavior a literature survey |
| title_auth | Some thoughts about the evolution of human behavior a literature survey |
| title_exact_search | Some thoughts about the evolution of human behavior a literature survey |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Some thoughts about the evolution of human behavior a literature survey |
| title_full | Some thoughts about the evolution of human behavior a literature survey Arthur J. Boucot ; with edits by John M. Saul and John B. Southard (students of the author from the first day of his teaching career) |
| title_fullStr | Some thoughts about the evolution of human behavior a literature survey Arthur J. Boucot ; with edits by John M. Saul and John B. Southard (students of the author from the first day of his teaching career) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Some thoughts about the evolution of human behavior a literature survey Arthur J. Boucot ; with edits by John M. Saul and John B. Southard (students of the author from the first day of his teaching career) |
| title_short | Some thoughts about the evolution of human behavior |
| title_sort | some thoughts about the evolution of human behavior a literature survey |
| title_sub | a literature survey |
| topic | Mensch (DE-588)4038639-9 gnd Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Mensch Evolution Literaturbericht |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034130253&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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