Holdings: The emergence of the state

The emergence of the state: a comparative analysis of Kosovo and South Sudan

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Mohammed, Idrees Mousa (Author)
Format:	Thesis Book
Language:	English
Published:	Wiesbaden Springer VS [2022]
Series:	(Re-)konstruktionen - internationale und globale Studien Research
Subjects:	Staat Entstehung State building Kosovo Staat Südsudan Statehood South Sudan Independence stateness problem Hochschulschrift
Online Access:	Inhaltstext http://www.springer.com/ Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis
Physical Description:	XV, 207 Seiten 21 cm x 14.8 cm
ISBN:	9783658402839 3658402830

Staff View

MARC


LEADER	00000nam a22000008c 4500
001	BV048820238
003	DE-604
005	20231127
007	t
008	230217s2022 gw m\|\|\| 00\|\|\| eng d
015			\|a 22,N47 \|2 dnb
016	7		\|a 127298978X \|2 DE-101
020			\|a 9783658402839 \|c Broschur : circa EUR 90.94 (DE) (freier Preis), circa EUR 93.49 (AT) (freier Preis), circa CHF 100.50 (freier Preis), circa EUR 84.99 \|9 978-3-658-40283-9
020			\|a 3658402830 \|9 3-658-40283-0
024	3		\|a 9783658402839
028	5	2	\|a Bestellnummer: 978-3-658-40283-9
028	5	2	\|a Bestellnummer: 89219907
035			\|a (OCoLC)1374547454
035			\|a (DE-599)DNB127298978X
040			\|a DE-604 \|b ger \|e rda
041	0		\|a eng
044			\|a gw \|c XA-DE-HE
049			\|a DE-355 \|a DE-12
084			\|a OST \|q DE-12 \|2 fid
084			\|a MG 91030 \|0 (DE-625)122872:12037 \|2 rvk
084			\|8 1\p \|a 320 \|2 23sdnb
100	1		\|a Mohammed, Idrees Mousa \|e Verfasser \|4 aut
245	1	0	\|a The emergence of the state \|b a comparative analysis of Kosovo and South Sudan \|c Idrees Mousa Mohammed
264		1	\|a Wiesbaden \|b Springer VS \|c [2022]
300			\|a XV, 207 Seiten \|c 21 cm x 14.8 cm
336			\|b txt \|2 rdacontent
337			\|b n \|2 rdamedia
338			\|b nc \|2 rdacarrier
490	0		\|a (Re-)konstruktionen - internationale und globale Studien
490	0		\|a Research
502			\|b Dissertation \|c Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena \|d 2022
650	0	7	\|a Staat \|0 (DE-588)4056618-3 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
650	0	7	\|a Entstehung \|0 (DE-588)4156614-2 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
650	0	7	\|a State building \|0 (DE-588)7504224-1 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
651		7	\|a Kosovo \|0 (DE-588)4032571-4 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
651		7	\|a Staat Südsudan \|0 (DE-588)7755222-2 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
653			\|a Statehood
653			\|a Kosovo
653			\|a South Sudan
653			\|a Independence
653			\|a stateness problem
655		7	\|0 (DE-588)4113937-9 \|a Hochschulschrift \|2 gnd-content
689	0	0	\|a Kosovo \|0 (DE-588)4032571-4 \|D g
689	0	1	\|a Staat Südsudan \|0 (DE-588)7755222-2 \|D g
689	0	2	\|a State building \|0 (DE-588)7504224-1 \|D s
689	0		\|5 DE-604
689	1	0	\|a Kosovo \|0 (DE-588)4032571-4 \|D g
689	1	1	\|a Staat Südsudan \|0 (DE-588)7755222-2 \|D g
689	1	2	\|a Staat \|0 (DE-588)4056618-3 \|D s
689	1	3	\|a Entstehung \|0 (DE-588)4156614-2 \|D s
689	1		\|5 DE-604
710	2		\|a Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden \|0 (DE-588)1043386068 \|4 pbl
776	0	8	\|i Erscheint auch als \|n Online-Ausgabe \|z 978-3-658-40284-6
856	4	2	\|m X:MVB \|q text/html \|u http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=56fada76cacf48d4acf86cf6ad40301f&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm \|3 Inhaltstext
856	4	2	\|m X:MVB \|u http://www.springer.com/
856	4	2	\|m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment \|q application/pdf \|u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034085973&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA \|3 Inhaltsverzeichnis
856	4	2	\|m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment \|q application/pdf \|u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034085973&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA \|3 Literaturverzeichnis
940	1		\|n oe
940	1		\|q BSB_NED_20231127
999			\|a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034085973
883	1		\|8 1\p \|a vlb \|d 20221117 \|q DE-101 \|u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#vlb
942	1	1	\|c 909 \|e 22/bsb \|f 0905 \|g 62
942	1	1	\|c 909 \|e 22/bsb \|f 0905 \|g 4975
942	1	1	\|c 909 \|e 22/bsb \|f 0904 \|g 4975

Record in the Search Index

_version_	1804184912153018368
adam_text	Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 2 The The The The The The The The Statehood, Stateness Problem, and State’s Survival and Partition ................................................................................... Statehood ............................................................................................ 2.1.1 Empirical Statehood ............................................................ 2.1.2 Juridical Statehood .............................................................. 2.2 Stateness Problem.............................................................................. 2.2.1 The Rise of the Agenda of the Stateness Problem .......... 2.2.2 The Definition of the Stateness Problem........................... 2.2.3 The Characteristics of the Stateness Problem................... 2.2.4 The Consequences of the Stateness Problem ................... 2.3 State’s Survival and Partition: The Outcomes of the Stateness Problem.................................................................. 2.3.1 State’s Survival .................................................................... 2.3.2 State’s Partition .................................................................... 2.4 The Constructed Conceptual Approach ......................................... 2.5 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 2.1 1 1 2 3 7 8 9 10 14 Background .............................................................................. Problem Statement .................................................................. Literature Review ..................................................................... Significance .............................................................................. Purpose Statement .................................................................. Questions .................................................................................. Methodology ............................................................................ Structure.................................................................................... 17 17 17 22 23 23 26 27 31 33 33 38 42 44 xi Contents xii 3 The Stateness Problem: The Case of Kosovo ......................................... 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4 The Outcome of the Stateness Problem: The Case of Kosovo .......... 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5 The Historical Background ............................................................. The Characteristics of the Stateness Problem ............................... The Consequences of the Stateness Problem................................ The External Involvement in the Stateness Problem ................... Conclusion ......................................................................................... 47 47 57 66 73 81 83 83 90 98 106 110 113 113 120 127 133 140 The Outcome of the Stateness Problem: The Case of South Sudan............................................................................................................ 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 7 The Instrument of Involvement in the Stateness Problem........... The Partition Outcome of the Stateness Problem ......................... The Role of External Powers in the Outcome of the Stateness Problem.................................................................. The Post-Independence Context of Kosovo .................................. Conclusion ......................................................................................... The Stateness Problem: The Case of South Sudan ............................... 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 6 The Historical Background .............................................................. The Characteristics of the Stateness Problem ............................... The Consequences of the Stateness Problem................................. The External Involvement in the Stateness Problem ................... Conclusion ......................................................................................... 141 The Instrument of External Involvement in the Stateness Problem .................................................................................... 141 The Partition Outcome of the Stateness Problem ......................... The Role of External Powers in the Outcome of the Stateness Problem.................................................................. The Post-Independence Context of South Sudan ......................... Conclusion ......................................................................................... The Emergence of Kosovo and South Sudan: A Cross-Case Analysis ........................................................................................................ 7.1 7.2 The Similar Commonality of the Occurrence of the Stateness Problem......................................................... The Similar Commonality of the External Involvement in the Stateness Problem ......................................................... 173 173 177 149 158 168 171 Contents 7.3 7.4 xiii The Similar Commonality of the Role of External Powers in the Partition Outcome of the Stateness Problem ............ 180 Conclusion ......................................................................................... 183 Conclusion................................................................................................................ 185 References................................................................................................................ 191 References Ahmed, Einas. 2009. “The Comprehensive Peace Agreement and the Dynamics of Post Conflict Political Partnership in Sudan.” Africa Spectrum 44 (3): 133-147. Ahtisaari, Martti. 2008. “Conflict Resolution: The Case of Kosovo.” Irish Studies in Interna tional Affairs 19: 183-187. Albino, Oliver. 1970. The Sudan: A Southern Viewpoint. London: Oxford University Press. Alier, Abel. 1990. Southern Sudan: Too Many Agreements Dishonoured. Exeter: Ithaca Press. Allen, Karen. 2015. “Why does South Sudan matter so much to the US?” BBC News, 31 August, 2015. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34083964. Allin, Dana et al. 2001. W/wt Statusfor Kosovo ? Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies. Amnesty International. 1995. Amnesty International Briefing Leaflet. London, England: Amnesty International Publications. Anonymous. 1985. “Report from the South: Khartoum’s Greatest Challenge.” MERIP Reports (135): 10-14. Anter, Andreas. 2014. Max Weber’s Theory of the Modern State: Origins, Structure and Significance. Translated by Keith Tribe. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Antonenko, Oksana. 2007. Russia and the Deadlock over Kosovo. Paris: Russia/NIS Center. Bagby, Laurie. Hobbes s Leviathan: Reader’s Guide. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. Barutciski, Michael. 1999. “Western Diplomacy and the Kosovo Refugee Crisis.” Forced Migration Review 5:8-10. Batakovic, Dusan. 1992. The Kosovo Chronicles. Belgrade: Plato. Batakovic, Dusan. 2015. “Kosovo and Metohija: History, Memory, Identity.” In The Chris tian Heritage of Kosovo and Metohija: The Historical and Spiritual Heartland of the Serbian People, edited by Bishop Maxim, 569-609. Los Angeles: Sebastian Press. Bates, Robert. 2008. “The Logic of State Failure: Learning from Late-Century Africa.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 25 (4): 297-314. BBC. 2006. “New Kosovo PM Wants Independence.” Accessed February 5, 2021.http:// news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4794258.stm. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature 2022 I. M. Mohammed, The Emergence of the State, (Re-)konstruktionen Internationale und Globale Studien, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40284-6 191 192 References Bearak, Max. 2016. “The U.S. Midwifed South Sudan Five Years Ago. Now it is on the Brink of Falling Apart.” The Washington Post. July 11, 2016. https://www.washingto npost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/07/ll/the-u-s-midwifed-southsudan-five-yearsago-now-it-is-on-the-brink-of-falling-apart/. Bebler, Anton. 2015. “The Serbia-Kosovo Conflict.” In “Frozen Conflicts” in Europe, edited by Anton Bebler, 151-171. Berlin: Barbara Budrich Publishers. Bell, Bowyer. 1975. “The Conciliation of Insurgency; The Sudanese Experience.” The Jour nal of Military History 39 (3): 105-113. Bellamy, Alex. 2002. Kosovo and International Society. New York: Palgrave. Belloni, Roberto. 2008. State Building and International Intervention in Bosnia. New York: Routledge. Bennett, Christopher. 1995. Yugoslavia’s Bloody Collapse: Causes, Course and Conse quences. New York: New York University Press. Bereketeab, Redie. 2017. “The Collapse of IGAD Peace Mediation in the Current South Sudan Civil War: When National Interest Dictates Peace Mediation.” Journal ofAfrican Foreign Affairs 4 (1 2): 147-164. Berhanu, Kassahun. 2014. “Implications of Southern Sudan’s Independence for the Horn of Africa and Beyond.” In Post-Referendum Sudan National and Regional Questions, edited by Samson Wassara and Al-Tayib Al-Abdin, 51-71. Dakar: CODES RIA. Beshir, Mohamed. 1968. The Southern Sudan: Background to Conflict. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., Publishers. Beshir, Mohamed. 1974. Revolution and Nationalism in the Sudan. London: Rex Collings Ltd. Bieber, Florian. 2002. “Nationalist Mobilization and Stories of Serb Suffering: The Kosovo Myth from 600th Anniversary to the Present.” Rethinking History 6(1): 94-110. Bieber, Florian. 2003. “Introduction.” In Understanding the War in Kosovo, edited by Florian Bieber and Zidan Daskalovski, 1-10. London: Frank Cass Publishers. Blagojevic, Marina. 2000. “The Migrations of Serbs from Kosovo during the 1970s and 1980s: Trauma and/or Catharsis.” In The Road to War in Serbia: Trauma and Catharsis, edited by Nebojsa Popov, 212-246. Budapest: CEU Press. Brosche, Johan. 2008. “CPA-New Sudan, Old Sudan or Two Sudan? A Review of the Imple mentation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.” In Post-conflict Peace- building in the Horn of Africa, edited by Johansson Dahre, 16-41. Lund: Lund University. Brosche, Johan. 2009. Sharing Power - Enabling Peace? Evaluating Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement 2005. Uppsala: Uppsala University. Burr, Millard. 1998. Quantifying Genocide in Southern Sudan and the Nuba Mountains 19831998. New York: US Committee for Refugees. Caplan, Richard. 1998. “International Diplomacy and the Crisis in Kosovo.” International Affairs 74 (4): 745-761. Caplan, Richard. 2005. International Governance of War-Torn Territories: Rule and Recon struction. New York: Oxford University Press. Carney, Timothy. 2007. Some Assembly Required. Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agree ment. Washington: United States Institute of Peace. Carson, Christopher. 2013. “The Dayton Accords and the Escalating Tensions in Kosovo.” Berkeley Undergraduate Journal 26 (1): 68-84. References 193 Chanie, Bantayehu. 2021. “Sudan and South Sudan: An Unamicable Political Divorce.” Global Change, Peace Security 33 (1): 61-76. Chauvet, Lisa et al. 2011. “The Cost of Failing States and the Limits to Sovereignty.” In Frag ile States: Causes, Costs, and Responses, edited by Wim Naude et al., 91-110. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chauvet, Lisa, and Paul Collier. 2008. “What are the Preconditions for Turnarounds in Fail ing States?” Conflict Management and Peace Science 25 (4): 332-348. Cirjakovic, Zoran. 2001. ‘Kosovonized’ Bosnia.” In Kosovo: The Politics ofDelusion, edited by Michael Waller et.al, 71-78. New York: Routledge. Civic, Melanne, and Michael Miklaucic. 2011. “The State and the Use of Force: Monopolyand Legitimacy.” In Monopoly of Force: The Nexus of DDR and SSR, edited by Melanne Civic and Michael Miklaucic, xv-3. Washington: National Defense University Press. Clapham, Christopher. 2000. “Failed States and Non-States in the Modern International Order.” Conference on Failed States, Florence, April. Clark, Howard. Civil Resistance in Kosovo. London: Pluto Press. CNN. 1999. “Transcript: Clinton Addresses Nation on Yugoslavia Strike.” Accessed Decem ber 10, 2020. http://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/03/25/clinton.transc ript/. Collins, Robert. 1999. “Africans, Arabs, and Islamists: From the Conference Tables to the Battlefields in the Sudan.” African Studies Review 42 (2): 105-123. Collins, Robert. 2007. “Civil Wars in the Sudan.” History Compass (5/6): 1778-1805. Collins, Robert. 2008. A History of Modern Sudan. New York: Cambridge University Press. Collins, Robert. 2017. The Southern Sudan in Historical Perspective. New York: Routledge. Copnall, James. 2014. A poisonous Thorn in our Hearts: Sudan and South Sudan’s Bitter and Incomplete Divorce. London: Hurst. Cox, John. 2002. The History of Serbia. Westport: Greenwood Press. Crampton, Ben. 2012. “Kosovo.” In Exit Strategies and State Building, edited by Richard Caplan, 159-176. New York: Oxford University Press. Crawford, James. 2OO6.The Creation of States in International Law. Oxford: Oxford Univer sity Press. Crawford, James. 2012. Brownlie’s Principles of Public International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Curley, Edwin, ed. 1994. Leviathan. Indiana: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. Cviic, Christopher. 2005. “Kosovo 1945-2005.” International Affairs 81 (4): 851-860. Daskalovski, Zidan. 2003. “Claims to Kosovo: Nationalism and Self-Determination.” In Understanding the War in Kosovo, edited by Florian Bieber and Zidan Daskalovski, 11-28. London: Frank Cass Publishers. Davidson, Jason. 2011. America ’s Allies and War: Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq. New York: Palgrav. Davies, Elizabeth. 2004. “Sudan Fury over Genocide Claim as US Seeks Sanctions.” The Independent, September 11,2004. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/sud anfury-over-genocide-claim-as-usseeks-sanctions-545800.html. Day, Adam. 2018. Preventive Diplomacy and the Southern Sudan Independence Referendum (2010-11). United Nations University Centre for Policy Research. 194 References De Maio, Jennifer. 2009. Confronting Ethnic Conflict: The Role of Third Parties in Managing Africa’s Civil Wars. Plymouth: Lexington Books. De Waal, Alex. 2007. “Sudan: International Dimensions to the State and its Crisis.” London: Crisis States Research Centre. De Waal, Alex. 2010. “Sudan’s Choices: Scenarios beyond the CPA.” In Sudan - No Easy Ways Ahead, edited by Heinrich Boll Foundation, 9-28. Berlin: Heinrich-Boll-Stiftung. De Waal, Alex. 2016. “Writing Human Rights and Getting It Wrong.” Boston Review, June 06, 2016. https://www.bostonreview.net/world/alex-de-waal-writing-human-rights. De Waal, Alex. 2017. “Peace and the Security in Sudan, 2002-11.” African Security Review 26 (2): 180-198. De Waal, Alex. 2020. “The Ambiguities of Self-Determination: IGAD and the Secession of South Sudan.” Nations and Nationalism 27 (1): 80-95. Della Porta, Donatella. 2008. “Comparative Analysis: Case-Oriented Versus Variable Ori ented Research.” In Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences: A Pluralist Perspective, edited by Donatella Della Porta and Michael Keating, 198-222. New York: Cambridge University Press. Demjaha, Agon. 2020. “Kosovo’s Strategy for Recognition and Engagement.” In The Poli tics of Recognition and Engagement EU Member State Relations with Kosovo, edited by Ioannis Armakolas and James Ker-Lindsay, 19-41. Switzerland: Palgrave. Deng, Francis. 1995. War of Visions: Conflict of Identities in the Sudan. Washington: Brookings Institution Press. Deng, Francis. 2005. “African Renaissance: Towards a New Sudan.” Eorced Migration Review (24): 6-8. Deng, von Francis et al. 1996. Sovereignty as Responsibility: Conflict Management in Africa. Washington: The Brookings Institution. Dobbins, James. 2003. America ’s Role in Nation-Building: From Germany to Iraq: From Germany to Iraq. Arlington: RAND. Dobbins, James. 2008. “An Independent Kosovo Was a Part of the U.N.’s Plan.” Accessed January 2, 2021. https://www.rand.org/blog/2008/02/an-independent-kosovo-was-a-partofthe-u_n_s-plan.html. Dorff, Robert H. 1996. “Democratization and Failed States: The Challenge of Ungovernabil ity.” Parameters, 26 (2): 17-31. Dragnich, Alex, and Slavko Todorovich. 1984. The Saga of Kosovo: Focus on SerbianAlbanian Relations. New York: Columbia University press. Drezov, Kyril . 2001. “Collateral Damage: The Impact on Macedonia of the Kosovo War.” In Kosovo: The Politics of Delusion, edited by Michael Waller et al, 59-71. New York: Routledge. Dusza, Karl. 1989. “Max Weber’s Conception of the State.” International Journal ofPolitics, Culture, and Society 3 (1): 71-105. El-Affendi, Abdelwahab. 2001. “The Impasse in the IGAD Peace Process for Sudan: The Limits of Regional Peacemaking?” African Affairs 100 (401): 581-599. El-Affendi, Abdelwahab. 2007. “ The View from the North: The CPA’s Hopes and Multiple Disappointments.” In a conference on ‘The Current Peace and Security Challenges in the Horn of Africa’, Inter Africa Group and Centre for Policy Research and Dialogue. Ellis, Mark. 2000. “The Consequences of the Kosovo Conflict on Southeastern Europe.” The International Lawyer 34 (4): 1193-1221. References 195 Ezrow, Natasha, and Erica Frantz. 2013. Failed States and Institutional Decay: Under standing Instability and Poverty in the Developing World. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. Felgenhauer, Pavel. 2007. “The Tactics and Strategic Goals of Russia’s Stand on the Indepen dence of Kosovo.” Accessed January 25, 2021. http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/ portal/rielcano_en/about-elcano/presentation. Franco, Leonardo. 1999. Situation of Human Rights in the Sudan. А/54/ 467, 14 October. Rone, Jemera. 2003. Sudan, Oil, and Human Rights. New York: Human Rights Watch. Fukuyama, Francis, ed. 2006. Nation-Building: Beyond Afghanistan and Iraq. Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Fukuyama, Francis. 2004. State Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century. New York: Cornell University Press. Gacesa, Nikola. 1989. “Settlement of Kosovo and Metohija after World War I and the Agrar ian Reform.” In Kosovo: Past and Present, edited by Gordana Filipovic, 100-112. Belgrad: Review of International Affairs. Gagakuma, Wisdom, and Zigiju Samuel. 2016. “Effectiveness of Capacity Building Pro grams in Fragile States: The Ethiopia Case.” In State Fragility and State Building in Africa, edited by Dele Olowu and Paulos Chanie, 135-163. London: Springer. Geddes, Barbara. 2003. Paradigms and Sand Castles: Theory Building in Comparative Politics. Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Geldenhuys, Deon. 2009. Contested States in World Politics. London: Palgrave. George, Alexander, and Andrew Bennett. 2005. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: MIT Press. Gerring, John. 2007. Case Study Research: Principles and Practices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gerth, Hans, and Wright Mills, ed. 1946. From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press. Ghani, Ashraf, and Clare Lockhart. 2008. Fixing Fragile States: A Frameworkfor Rebuilding a Fractured World. New York: Oxford University Press. Gibney, Matthew. 1999. “Kosovo and Beyond: Popular and Unpopular Refugees.” Forced Migration Review 5:28-30. Given, Lisa, ed. 2008. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Gray, Richard. 1971. “The Southern Sudan.” Journal of Contemporary History 6 (1): 108120. Guliyeva, Gulara. 2011. “Kosovo’s Independence: Re-Examining the Principles Established by the EC Badinter Commission in Light of the ICJ’s Advisory Opinion.” In Kosovo: A Precedent? The Declaration ofIndependence, the Advisory Opinion and Implications for Statehood, Self- Determination and Minority Rights, edited by James Summers, 279-303. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. Gulyas, Laszlo, and Gabor Csullog. 2015. “History of Kosovo from the First Balkan War to the End ofWorld War 11(1912-1945).” West Bohemian Historical Review 5 (2): 219-237. Guzina, Dejan. 2003. “Kosovo or Kosova-Could it Be Both? The Case of Interlocking Ser bian and Albanian Nationalism.” In Understanding the War in Kosovo, edited by Florian Bieber and Zidan Daskalovski, 29-50. London: Frank Cass Publishers. 196 References Hall, Richard. 2011. “The Balkan Wars 1912-1913.” International Encyclopedia of the First World War October 8, 2014. Accessed September 12, 2020. https://encyclopedia.19141918online.net/article/balkan_wars_l 912-1913. Hamid, Gamal. 1996. Population Displacement in the Sudan: Patterns, Responses, Coping Strategies. New York: Centre for Migration Studies. Hamilton, Rebecca. 2011. “U.S. Played Key Role in Southern Sudan’s Long Journey to Inde pendence.” The Atlantic, July 9, 2011. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/ 201 l/07/us-played-key-role-in-southernsudans-long-journey-to-independence/241660/. Hamilton, Rebecca. 2012. “Special Report: The Wonks who Sold Washington on South Sudan.” Reuters, July 11, 2012. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-south-sudan-mid wives/special-report-the-wonks-who-sold-washington-on-south-sudan-idUSBRE86A0G C20120711. Hassan, Ahmed. 2009. “The Rise and Fall of the Sudan Alliance Forces (1).” African Argu ments, October 8, 2009. https://africanarguments.org/2009/10/08/the-rise-and-fall-ofthesudan-alliance-forces-1/. Hayden, William. 1998. “The Kosovo Conflict and Forced Migration: The Strategic Use of Displacement and the Obstacles to International Protection.” The Journal ofHumanitar ian Assistance, February 14, 216. https://sites.tufts.edu/jha/archives/133. Healy, Sally. 2011. “Seeking Peace and Security in the Horn of Africa: the Contribution of the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development.” International Affairs il (1): 105120. Hedges, Chris. 1999. “Kosovo’s Next Masters?” Foreign Affairs 78 (3): 24-42. Helman, Gerald, and Steven Ratner.1992-1993. “Saving Failed States.” Foreign Policy 89, 3-20. Hemmer, Jort. 2010. “Southern Sudan: the New Kid on the Block? Assessing the Neigh bourhood on the Threshold of Southern Sudan’s Self-determination Referendum.” Tha Hague: Clingendael. Herbst, Jeffrey. 2004. “Let Them Fail: State Failure in Theory and Practice: Implications for Policy.” In When States Fail: Causes and Consequences, edited by Robert Rotberg, JOTSI 9. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Himmrich, Julia. 2020. “Germany: From Cautious Recogniser to Kosovo’s Key EU Ally.” In The Politics of Recognition and Engagement EU Member State Relations with Kosovo, edited by Ioannis Armakolas and James Ker-Lindsay, 61-83. Switzerland: Palgrave. Hoigilt, Jacob et al. 2010. “The Sudan Referendum and Neighbouring Countries: Egypt and Uganda.” Grönland: Peace Research Institute Oslo. Hox, Joop, and Hennie Boeije. 2005. “Data Collection, Primary vs. Secondary.” In Encyclo pedia of Social Measurement, Volume 1, edited by Kimberly Kempf-Leonard, 593-599. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Huliaras, Asteris. 2006. “Evangelists, Oil Companies, and Terrorists: The Bush Administra tion’s Policy towards Sudan.” Orbis 50 (4): 709-724. Hutchinson, Sharon. 2001. “A Curse from God? Religious and Political Dimensions of the Post- 1991 Rise of Ethnic Violence in South Sudan.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 39 (2): 307-331. ICG. 1998. The Albanian Question in Macedonia: Implications of the Kosovo Conflict for Inter-Ethnic Relations in Macedonia. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. References 197 ICG. 1999a. The Balkan Refugee Crisis: Regional and Long-Term Perspectives. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 1999b. War in the Balkans: Consequences of the Kosovo Conflict and Future Options for Kosovo and the Region. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2001. Kosovo: A Strategy for Economic Development. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2002a. God, Oil and Country: Changing the Logic of War in Sudan. Brussels: Interna tional Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2002b. Ending Starvation as a Weapon of War in Sudan. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2002c. Sudan’s Best Chance for Peace: How Not To Lose It. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2003a. Sudan: Towards an Incomplete Peace. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2005. Garang’s Death: Implications for Peace in Sudan. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2006. Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement: The Long Road Ahead. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2008. Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement: Beyond the Crisis. Brussels: Interna tional Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2010a. Negotiating Sudan’s North-South Future. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2010b. Sudan: Regional Perspectives on the Prospect of Southern Independence. Brus sels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2021. Toward a Viable Future for South Sudan. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICISS. 2001. The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. Ottawa: International Development Research Center. Idris, Amir. 2013. Identity, Citizenship, and Violence in Two Sudans: Reimagining a Common Future. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Ignatieff, Michael. 2002. “Intervention and State Failure.” Dissent 49 (1): 114-123. IICK. 2000. The Kosovo Report: Conflict, International Response, Lesson Learned. New York: Oxford University Press. IMF. 1999. “The Economic Consequences of the Kosovo Crisis: An Updated Assessment.” IMF May 25, 1999. https://www.imf.org/externaVpubs/ft/kosovo/052599.htm. IMF. 2001. “Kosovo—Progress in Institution-Building and the Economic Policy Challenges Ahead.” Accessed January 12, 2021. https://www.imf.org/externaVnp/eul/kosovo/2001/ eng/120601.htm. Iqbal, Zaryab, and Harvey Starr. 2016. State Failure in the Modem World. California: Stanford University Press. Jackson, Robert, and Carl Rosberg. 1982. “Why Africa’s Weak States Persist: The Empirical and the Juridical in Statehood.” World Politics 35 (1): 1-24. Jackson, Robert, and Carl Rosberg. 1986. “Sovereignty and Underdevelopment: Juridical Statehood in the African Crisis.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 24 (1): 1-31. Jackson, Robert. 1993. Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World. New York: Cambridge University Press. 198 References Jackson, Robert. 1993. Quad-State::: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Jackson, Robert. 1998. “Surrogate Sovereignty? Great Power Responsibility and “Failed States”.” Institute of International Relations, University of British Columbia. Jackson, Robert. 2007. Sovereignty: Evolution of an Idea. Cambridge: Polity Press. Jamie, Faiz. 2017. “The Dynamics of National Identity Building in South Sudan.” In State Building and National Identity Reconstruction in the Horn of Africa, edited by Redie Bereketeab, 211-225. Switzerland: Springer. Janjic, Dusan et al. 2009. “Kosovo Under the Milosevic Regime.” In Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies: A Scholars’ Initiative, edited by Charles Ingrao and Thomas Emmert, 272-301. Indiana: Purdue University Press. Johnson, Douglas. 1998. “The Sudan People’s Liberation Army and the Problem of Func tionalism.” In African Guerrillas, edited by Christopher Clapham, 53-73. Oxford: James Currey. Johnson, Douglas. 2003. The Root Causes ofSudan ’s Civil Wars. Indiana: Indiana University. Johnson, Douglas. 2009. “The Nuer Civil Wars.” In Changing Identification and Alliances in North-east Africa, vol. II: Sudan, Uganda and the Ethiopia-Sudan Borderlands, edited by Schlee Gunther and Elizabeth Watson, 31-49. New York: Berghahn Books. Johnson, Douglas. 2012. “Twentieth-Century Wars.” In The Sudan Handbook, edited by John Ryle et al., 209-225. London: Rift Valley Institute. Johnson, Douglas. 2013. “New Sudan or South Sudan? The Multiple Meanings of SelfDetermination in Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement.” Civil Wars 15 (2): 141156. Johnson, Hilde. 2016. South Sudan: The untold Story from Independence to Civil War. London: LB. Tauris Co. Ltd. Jok, Jok. 2007. Sudan: Race, Religion and Violence. Oxford: Oneworld. Judah, Tim. 2000. “The Kosovo Liberation Army.” Perceptions: 61-77. Judah, Tim. 2002. Kosovo: War and Revenge. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Judah, Tim. 2008. Kosovo: What Everybody Needs to Know. New York: Oxford. Kamrava, Mehran, ed. 2016. Fragile Politics: Weak States in the Greater Middle East. London: C. Hurst Co. (Publishers) Ltd. Kavka, Gregory. 1999. “Hobbes’s War of All against All.” In The Social Contract Theorists, edited by Christopher Morris, 1-23. Maryland: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, INC. Kebbede, Girma. 1999. “South Sudan: A War-Torn and Divided Region.” In Sudan’s Predicament: Civil War, Displacement, and Ecological Degradation, 47-64 edited by Kebbede, Grima. Aidershot: Ashgate. Kebbede, Girma. 1999. “Sudan: The North-South Conflict in Historical Perspective.” In Sudan ’s Predicament: Civil War, Displacement, and Ecological Degradation, edited by Grima Kebbede. Aidershot: Ashgate. Ker-Lindsay, James, and Ioannis Armakolas. 2020. “Kosovo, EU Member States and the Recognition-Engagement Nexus.” In The Politics of Recognition and Engagement EU Member State Relations with Kosovo, edited by Ioannis Armakolas and James KerLindsay, 1-19. Switzerland: Palgrave. Ker-Lindsay, James. 2009. Kosovo: The Path to Contested Statehood in the Balkans. London: I.B.Tauris Co Ltd. References 199 Ker-Lindsay, James. 2020. “The United Kingdom: Kosovo’s Strongest Supporter in Europe.” In The Politics ofRecognition and Engagement EU Member State Relations with Kosovo, edited by Ioannis Armakolas and James Ker-Lindsay, 41-61. Switzerland: Palgrave. Khutsishvili, George, and Albrecht Schnabel. 2000. “The Kosovo Conflict: The Balkans and Southern Caucasus.” In Kosovo and the Challenge of Humanitarian Intervention: Selec tive Indignation, Collective Action, and International Citizenship, edited by Albrecht Schnabel and Ramesh Thakur, 64-82. New York: The United Nations University Press. Kilroy, Walt. 2020. “South Sudan.” In Routledge Handbook of State Recognition, edited by Gezim Visoka, John Doyle and Edward Newman, 391-402. New York: Routledge. Kim, Julie and Steven Woehrel. 2008. Kosovo and U.S. Policy: Background to Independence. Washington: Congressional Research Service. King, Gary et al. 1994. Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Kouchner, Bernard and Carl Bildt. 2008. “Why Serbia Will Join the EU.” Accessed February 8, 2021. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/why-serbia-will-join-the-eu-3pf0615rgk7 . Krasner, Stephen, and Carlos Pascual. 2005. “Addressing State Failure.” Foreign affairs 84 (4): 153-163. Krasner, Stephen. 1999. Sovereignty: Organized Hypocracy. New Jersey: Princeton Univer sity Press. Krasner, Stephen. 2004. “Sharing Sovereignty: New Institutions for Collapsed and Failing States.” International Security 29 (2): 85-120. Kubo, Keiichi. 2010. “Why Kosovar Albanians Took Up Arms against the Serbian Regime: The Genesis and Expansion of the UÇK in Kosovo.” Europe-Asia Studies 62 (7): 11351152. Kuhle, Lene, and Carsten Laustsen. 2006. “The Kosovo Myth: Nationalism and Revenge.” In Kosovo Between War and Peace: Nationalism, Peacebuilding, and International Trustee ship, edited by Tonny Knudsen and Carsten Laustsen, 19-36. New York: Routledge. Ladouceur, Paul. 1975. “The Southern Sudan: A Forgotten War and a Forgotten Peace.” International Journal 30 (2): 406^127. Landman, Todd. 2008. Issues and Methods in Comparative Politics: An Introduction. New York: Routledge. Langford, Tonya. 1999. “Things Fall Apart: State Failure and the Politics of Intervention.” International Studies Review 1 (1): 59-79. Lee, Jesse. 2010. “President Obama in Ministerial Meeting on Sudan: “The Fate of Mil lions”.” The White House, September 24, 2010. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/ blog/2010/09/24/president-obama-ministerial-meeting-sudan-fate-millions. Lehne, Stefan. 2009. Resolving Kosovo’s Status. Vienna: Austrian Institute for International Affairs. Lemay-Hebert, Nicolas . 2013. “Rethinking Weberian Approaches to Statebuilding.” In The Routledge Handbook of International Statebuilding, edited by David Chandler and Tim othy Sisk, 3-15. New York: Routledge. LeRiche, Matthew, and Matthew Arnold. 2013. South Sudan: From Revolution to Indepen dence. New York: Oxford University Press. Lesch, Ann. 1987. “A View from Khartoum.” Foreign Affairs 65 (4): 807-827. Lesch, Ann. 2002. “Osama bin Laden’s “Business” in Sudan.” Current History. 203-209. 200 References Lindsay, James. 2009. Kosovo: The Path to Contested Statehood in the Balkans. New York: by I.B.Tauris Co Ltd. Lynch, Colum. 2014. “The U.S. Helped Create South Sudan. Can Washington Save It From Civil War?” Foreign Policy, May 2, 2014. https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/05/02/the-u-shelped-create-south-sudan-can-washington-save-it-from-civil-war/. Lyons, Terrence. 2004. “Transforming the Institutions of War: Postconflict Elections and the Reconstruction of Failed States.” In When States Fail: Causes and Consequences, edited by Robert Rotberg, 153-170. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Malcolm, Noel. 1998a. Kosovo: A Short History. New York: New York University Press. Malcolm, Noel. 1998b. “The Battle of Kosovo.” Accessed May 20, 1998. https://www.pro spectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/thebattleofkosovo . Malek, Martin. 2006. “State Failure in the South Caucasus: Proposals for an Analytical Framework.” Transition Studies Review 13 (2): 441-460. Malwal, Bona. 2015. Sudan and South Sudan: From One to Two. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Mampilly, Zachariah. 2011. Rebel Rulers: Insurgent Governance and Civilian Life during War. London: Cornell University Press. Matus, Jason . 2006. “The Three Areas: A Template for Regional Agreements.” In Peace by Piece: Addressing Sudan’s Conflicts, edited by Mark Simmons and Peter Dixon. 34-38. London: Conciliation Resources. Mawson, Andrew. 1991. “Murahaleen Raids on the Dinka, 1985-89.” Disasters 15 (2): 137149. Mayall, James. 2005. “The Legacy of Colonialism.” In Making States Work: State Failure and the Crisis of Governance, edited by Simon Chesterman et al., 36-59. New York: United Nations University Press. Mayotte, Judy. 1994. “Civil War in Sudan: The Paradox of Human Rights and National Sovereignty.” Journal of International Ajfairs 47 (2): 497-524. McCormick, Ту. 2015. “Unmade in the USA: The Inside Story of a Foreign Policy Fail ure.” Foreign Policy, 2015. https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/02/25/unmade-in-the-usasouth-sudanbush-obama/. McCormick, Ту. 2015. “Unmade in the USA: The Inside Story of a Foreign Policy Failure.” Foreign Policy, 2015. https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/02/25/unmade-in-the-usa south-sudan-bush-obama/. Mehmeti, Jeton. 2020. “Kosovo: State-Building in the Making.” In Political History of the Balkans (1989-2018), edited by Jozsef Duro and Zoltan Egeresi, 77-91. Budapest: Dialog Campus. Meierhenrich, Jens. 2004. “Forming States after Failure.” In When States Fail: Causes and Consequences, edited by Robert Rotberg, 153-170. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Mertus, Julie. 1999. Kosovo: How Myths and Truths Started a War. California and London: University of California Press. Mertus, Julie. 2009. “Operation Allied Force: Handmaiden of Independent Kosovo.” Inter national Ajfairs 85 (3): 461-476. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Diaspora of Kosovo, n.d. Accessed February 6,2021. https:// www.rks-gov.net/EN/f40/republic-of-kosovo/constitution. References 201 Mohammed, Nadir. 1993. “Militarization in Sudan: Trends and Determinants.” Armed Forces Society 19 (3): 411-433. Mohammed, Nadir. 2017. “The Sudan: The Cost of the Second Civil War (1983-1993).” In The Economics of Conflict and Peace, edited by Jurgen Brauer and William Gissy, 239257. New York: Routledge. Mulaj, Klejda. 2008. “Resisting an Oppressive Regime: The Case of Kosovo Liberation Army.” Studies in Conflict Terrorism 31 (12): 1103-1119. Murithi, Tim. 2009. “Inter-governmental Authority on Development on the Ground: Com paring Interventions in Sudan and Somalia.” African Security (2): 136-157. Murshed, Mansoob, and Philip Verwimp. 2011. “Enforcing Peace Agreements in Frag ile States through Commitment Technology.” In Fragile States: Causes, Costs, and Responses, edited by Wim Naude et al., 151-166. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Musekiwa, Norbert. 2016. “The Impact of Fragility on Social Services: The Case of Zimbab wean State, 2000-2008.” In State Fragility and State Building in Africa, edited by Dele Olowu and Paulos Chanie, 91-113. London: Springer. NATO. 1998a. “Statement by the Secretary General Following the ACTWARN Decision.” Accessed December 20, 2020. https://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1998/p980924e.htm. NATO. 1998b. “Transcript of the Press Conference by Secretary General, Dr. Javier Solana.” Accessed December 20, 2020. https://www.nato.int/docu/speech/1998/s981013b.htm. Natsios, Andrew. 2012. Sudan, South Sudan, And Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know. New York: Oxford University Press. Naude, Wim, and Mark McGillivray. 2011. “Fragile States: An Overview.” In Fragile States: Causes, Costs, and Responses, edited by Wim Naude et al., 1-32. Oxford: Oxford University Press. New York Times. 2015. “South Sudan’s Agony.” New York Times, June 27, 2015. https:// www.nytimes.com/2015/06/28/opinion/sunday/south-sudans-agony.html . Newey, Glen. 2008. Hobbes and Leviathan. New York: Routledge. Newman, Edward, and Gezim Visoka. 2018. “The Foreign Policy of State Recognition: Kosovo’s Diplomatic Strategy to Join International Society.” Foreign Policy Analysis 14 (3): 367-387. Nmoma, Veronica. 2006. “The Shift in United States-Sudan Relations: A Troubled Relation ship and the Need for Mutual Cooperation.” The Journal of Conflict Studies: 44-70. O’Balance, Edgar. 2000. Sudan, Civil War and Terrorism, 1956-99. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Ocal, Mehmet and Ayse Celenk. 2010. “Making of a New State in the Balkans: Kosovo.” Insight Turkey 12 (4): 167-183. Ofuho, Cirino. 2006. “Negotiating Peace: Restarting a Moribund Process.” In Peace by Piece: Addressing Sudan’s Conflicts, edited by Mark Simmons and Peter Dixon, 20-22. London: Conciliation Resources. Olowu, Dele, and Paulos Chanie, ed. 2016. State Fragility and State Building in Africa. London: Springer. Ottaway, Marina, and Bethany Lacina. 2003. “International Interventions and Imperialism: Lessons from the 1990s.” SAIS Review 23 (2): 71-92. Ottaway, Marina, and Stefan Mair. 2004. “States at Risk and Failed States: Putting Security First.” Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 202 References Ottaway, Marina. 1987. “Post-Numeiri Sudan: One Year On.” Third World Quarterly 9 (3): 891-905. Ottaway, Marina. 2002. “Rebuilding State Institutions in Collapsed States.” Development and Change 33 (5): 1001-1023. Paris, Roland. 2002. “Kosovo and the Metaphor War.” Political Science Quarterly 117 (3): 423 450. Patrick, Stewart. 2006. “Weak States and Global Threats: Assessing Evidence of Spillovers.” Center for Global Development. Patrick, Stewart. 2007. ““Failed” States and Global Security: Empirical Questions and Policy Dilemmas.” International Studies Review 9 (4): 644-662. Pavkovic, Aleksandar. 2000. The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia: Nationalism and War in the Balkans. New York: St. Martin’s Press, LLC. Pavkovic, Aleksandar. 2001. “Kosovo Kosova: A Land of Conflicting Myths.” In Kosovo: The Politics of Delusion, edited by Michael Waller et al., 3-10. New York: Routledge. Pavlakovic, Vjeran, and Sabrina Ramet. 2004. “Albanian and Serb Rivalry in Kosovo: Real ist and Universalist Perspectives on Sovereignty.” In De Facto States: The Quest for Sovereignty, edited by Tozun Bahcheli et al., 74-101. London and New York: Routledge. Pavlovic, Aleksandar. 2019. “Forging the Enemy: The Transformation of Common SerbianAlbanian traits into enmity and Political Hostility.” In Rethinking Serbian-Albanian Rela tions: Fighting Out the Enemy, edited by Aleksandar Pavlovic et al., 3-22. New York: Routledge. Perritt, Henry. 2010. The Road to Independence for Kosovo: A Chronicle of the Ahtisaari Plan. New York: Cambridge University Press. Pettifer, James. 2013. The Kosova Liberation Army: Underground War to Balkan Insurgency, 1948-2001. London: Hurst Company. Poggo, Scopas. 2009. The First Sudanese Civil War: Africans, Arabs, and Israelis in the Southern Sudan, 1955-1972. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Priest, Dana. 1999. “Kosovo Land Threat May Have Won War.” Washington Post, September 19, 1999. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/daily/sept99/airwarl9.htm. Prunier, Gerard. 2004. “Rebel Movements and Proxy Warfare: Uganda, Sudan and the Congo (1986-99).” African Affairs 103 (412): 359-383. Pula, Besnik. 2004. “The Emergence of the Kosovo “Parallel State,” 1998-1992.” National ities Papers 32 (4): 797-826. Ragin, Charles. 1987. The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantita tive Strategies. California: University of California Press. Ragin, Charles. 1999. “The Distinctiveness of Case-oriented Research.” Health Services Research 34 (5): 1137-1152. Ragin, Charles. 2015. “Case-Oriented Research.” In International Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition, Volume 3, edited by James D. Wright, 187-193. Oxford: Elsevier. Rai, David. 2002. Statehood and the law of self-determination. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. Ramet, Sabrina. 2002. Balkan Babel: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia from the Death of Tito to the Fall of Milosevic. Colorado: Westview Press. Reitan, Ruth. 2000. “Strategic Nonviolent Conflict in Kosovo.” Peace Change 25 (1): 71102. References 203 Rettman, Andrew. 2007. “France and NATO Welcome Ahtisaari Plan for Kosovo Future.” Accessed February 8, 2021. https://euobserver.com/foreign/23364. Reuter, Jens. 1999. “Kosovo 1998.” In OSCE Yearbook 1998, edited by IFSH, 183-194. Hamburg: Baden-Baden. Riegl, Martin, and Bohumil Dobos. 2017. (Super)Power Rule: Comparative Analysis of Par ent States.” In Unrecognized States and Secession in the 21st Century, edited by Martin Riegl and Bohumil Dobos, 85-108. Cham: Springer. Rogel, Carole. 2004. The Breakup of Yugoslavia and its Aftermath. Westport: Greenwood Press. Rogier, Emeric. 2005. No More Hills Ahead? The Sudan’s Tortuous Ascent to Heights of Peace. The Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations. Rolandsen, Oystein and Martin Daly. 2016. A History of South Sudan: From Slavery to Independence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Rolandsen, Oystein. 2011a. “A False Start: Between War and Peace in the Southern Sudan, 1956-62.” Journal ofAfrican History 52 (1): 105-123. Rolandsen, Oystein. 2011b. “A Quick Fix? A Retrospective Analysis of the Sudan Compre hensive Peace Agreement.” Review of African Political Economy 38 (130): 551-564. Rone, Jemera. 2003. “Sudan: Oil War.” Review ofAfrican Political Economy 30 (97): 504510. Rone, Jemera. 2003. Sudan, Oil, and Human Rights. New York: Human Rights Watch. Ronen. Yehudit. 2002. “Sudan and the United States: Is a Decade of Tension Winding Down?” Middle East Policy 9 (1): 94-108. Rotberg, Robert, ed. 2003. State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror. Washington: Brookings Institution Press. Rotberg, Robert, ed. 2004. When States Fail: Causes and Consequences. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Rrecaj, Besfort. 2011. “A Contemporary Interpretation of the Principles of Sovereignty, Ter ritorial Integrity and Self-Determination, and the Kosovo Conundrum.” In Kosovo: A Precedent? The Declaration of Independence, the Advisory Opinion and Implications for Statehood, Self-Determination and Minority Rights, edited by James Summers, 109-142. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. Ruay, Deng. 1994. The Politic of Two Sudans: The South and the North 1821-1969. Uppsala: The Scandinavian Institute of African Studies. Ruecker, Joachim. 2011. Standards and Status: How Kosovo Became Independent. Munich; Berlin: Verlag Otto Sagner. Salih, Kamal. 1990. “The Sudan, 1985-9: The Fading Democracy.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 28 (2): 199-224. Salih, Mohamed. 1989. ‘“New Wine in Old Bottles’ : Tribal Militias and the Sudanese State.” Review of African Political Economy (45/46): 168-174. Salla, Michael. 1995. “Kosovo, Non-violence and the Break-up of Yugoslavia.” Security Dialogue 26 (4): 427-438. Schoch, Bruno. 2020. “Kosovo: Monitored Secession.” In TheNagomo-KarabakhDeadlock: Insights from Successful Conflict Settlements, edited by Azer Babayev et al., 119-143. Wiesbaden: Springer. 204 References Schomerus, Mareike and Lotje de Vries. 2019. “A State of Contradiction: Sudan’s Unity Goes South.” In Secessionism in African Politics: Aspiration, Grievance, Performance, Disenchantment, edited by Lotje de Vries et al., 423^155. Switzerland: Palgrave. Schwartz, Stephen. 2000. Kosovo: Background to a War. Hungary: Interpress. Scott, Philippa. 1985. “The Sudan Peoples’ Liberation Movement (SPLM) and Liberation Army (SPLA).” Review ofAfrican Political Economy (33): 69-82. Shaw, Malcolm. 2008. International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Shepherd, George. 1966. “National Integration and the Southern Sudan.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 4 (2): 193-212. Shinn, David. 2004. “Addis Ababa Agreement: Was It Destined to Fail and Are There Lessons for the Current Sudan Peace Process?” Annales d’Ethiopie 20” 239-259. Sidahmed, Abdel Salam, and Alsir Sidahmed. 2005. Sudan. New York: Rutledge Curzon. Silverstein, Ken. 2005. “Official Pariah Sudan Valuable to America’s War on Terrorism.” Los Angeles Times, April 29, 2005. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-apr-29fgsudan29-story.html. Simmons, Mark and Peter Dixon. 2006. Peace by Piece: Addressing Sudan s Conflicts. London: Conciliation Resources. Smyth, Frank. 1998. “A New Game: The Clinton Administration on Africa.” World Policy Journal 15 (2): 82-92. Snodgrass, Donald. 2004. “Restoring Economic Functioning in Failed States.” In When States Fail: Causes and Consequences, edited by Robert Rotberg, 256-269. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Stahn, Carsten. 2008. The Law and Practice of International Territorial Administration: Versailles to Iraq and Beyond. New York: Cambridge University Press. State Portal of the Republic of Kosovo, n.d. “Constitution.” Accessed February 7, 2021. https://www.rks-gov.net/EN/f40/republic-of-kosovo/constitution. Sterio, Milena. 2010. “On the Right to External Self-Determination: “Selfistans,” Secession, and the Great Powers’ Rule.” Minnesota Journal oflnt l Law 19 (1): 137-177. Stewart, Frances and Graham Brown. 2010. Fragile States. Oxford: Center for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity. Stiansen, Endre. 2006. How Important is Religion? The Case of the Sudan Peace Negotia tions. Oslo: International Peace Research Institute. Taylor, Andrew. 2013. State Failure. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Tellnes, Jostein. 2006. “The Unexpected Deal: Oil and the IGAD Process.” In Peace by Piece: Addressing Sudan’s Conflicts, edited by Mark Simmons and Peter Dixon, 38^12. London: Conciliation Resources. The Economist. 1997. “Kosovo on the Brink.” Accessed October 1, 2020. https://www.eco nomist.com/europe/1997/10/30/on-the-brink. Tierney, Stephen. 2011. “The Long Intervention in Kosovo: A Self-Determination Impera tive?” In Kosovo: A Precedent? The Declaration of Independence, the Advisory Opinion and Implicationsfor Statehood, Self- Determination and Minority Rights, edited by James Summers, 249-279. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. Troebst, Stefan. 1999a. “The Kosovo Conflict, 1998.” German Science Foundation 17. Troebst, Stefan. 1999b. “The Kosovo Conflict.” In SIPRI Yearbook 1999: Armaments, Dis armament and International Security, edited by Billie Bielckus et al., 47-61. New York: Oxford University Press. References 205 U.S. Department of State. 2006. “Statement by the Contact Group on the Future of Kosovo.” Accessed January 6, 2021. https://2001-2009.state.gOv/p/eur/rls/or/62459.htm. U.S. Embassy in Sudan, n.d. “U.S. - Sudan Relations.” Accessed May 30, 2020. https://sd. usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/us-sudan-relations/ . Udovicki, Jasminka. 2000. “Kosovo.” In Burn this House: The Making and Unmaking of Yugoslavia, edited by Jasminka Udovicki and James Ridgeway, 314-366. Durham: Duke University Press. UK Parliament. 1999. “Kosovo.” Accessed December 12, 2020. https://publications.parlia ment.uk/pa/cml99899/cmhansrd/vo990323/debtext/90323-06.htm. UN. 1998a. “Security Council Imposes Arms Embargo on Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Pending Action to Resolve Kosovo Crisis.” Accessed December 15, 2020. https://www. un.org/press/en/1998/19980331.SC6496.html. UN. 1998b. “Security Council Demands all Parties End Hostilities and Maintain a Ceasefire in Kosovo.” Accessed December 15, 2020. https://www.un.org/press/en/1998/19980923. sc6577.html. UN. 1999a. “Resolution 1244.” Accessed January 5, 2021. https://digitallibrary.un.org/rec ord/274488?ln=en. UN. 1999b. “Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo.” Accessed January 5, 2021. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/404 967?ln=en. UN. 2002. “Security Council, 57th Year.” Accessed January 6,2021. https://digitallibrary.un. org/record/463260?ln=en. UN. 2005a. “Letter dated 7 October 2005 from the Secretary-General addressed to the Presi dent of the Security Council.” Accessed January 6, 2021. https://www.securitycouncilrep ort.org/un-documents/document/kos-s2005-635.php. UN. 2005b. “Statement by the President of the Security Council.” Accessed January 6, 2021. https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/un-documents/document/kos-sprst-2005-51.php. UN. 2005c. “Letter Dated 10 November 2005 from the President of the Security Council Addressed to the Secretary-General.” Accessed January 6, 2021. https://www.securityc ouncilreport.org/un-documents/document/kos-s2005-709.php. UN. 2006. “Kosovo Special Representative Briefs Security Council on Status Process; Says Progress Continues, but Affected by Uncertainty about Future.” Accessed February 7, 2121 .https ://www.un.org/press/en/2006/sc8827.doc.htm. UN. 2007. “Letter Dated 26 March 2007 from the Secretary-General Addressed to the Pres ident of the Security Council.” Accessed January 6, 2021. https://undocs.Org/en/S/2007/ 168/Add.l. UNMIK. 2000a. “On the Kosovo Joint Interim Administrative Structure.” Accessed Jan uary 15, 2021. https://unmik.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/regulations/02english/E20 00regs/RE2000_01.htm. UNMIK. 2000b. “On the Municipal Elections in Kosovo.” Accessed January 10, 2021. https://unmik.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/regulations/02english/E2000regs/RE2 000_39.htm. UNMIK. 2001. “A Constitutional Framework for Provisional Self-Government in Kosovo.” Accessed January 12, 2021. https://unmik.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/regulations/ 02english/E2001regs/RE2001_09.pdf. 206 References US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. 2012. “Chairman Kerry Statement at Hearing on Sudan.” Accessed May 30, 2020. https://www.foreign.senate.gov/press/chair/release/ chairman-kerry-statement-at-hearing-onsudan-. vanHouten, Pieter. 2010. “Negotiating International Policies on Kosovo.” In Deadlocks in Multilateral Negotiations: Causes and Solutions, edited by Amrita Narlikar, 210-232. New York: Cambridge University Press. Vickers, Miranda. 1998. Between Serb and Albanian: A History of Kosovo. New York: Columbia University Press. Vickers, Miranda. 2001. “Tirana’s Uneasy Role in the Kosovo Crisis, 1998-1999.” In Kosovo: The Politics of Delusion, edited by Michael Waller et.al., 30-36. New York: Routledge. Vioska, Gezim. 2019. “Kosovo: Between Western and Non-Western States.” In The Western Balkans in the World: Linkages and Relations with External Actors, edited by Florian Bieber and Nikolaos Tzifakis. London: Routledge. von Einsiedel, Sebastian. 2005. “Policy Responses to State Failure.” In Making States Work: State Failure and the Crisis of Governance, edited by Simon Chesterman et al., 13-35. New York: United Nations University Press. Vujacic, Veljko. 2016. “Kosovo: A Case Study in the Unintended Consequences of Commu nist Nationality Policy, 1968-1986.” In Kosovo and Serbia: Contested Options and Shared Consequences, edited by Leandrit Mehmeti and Branislav Radeljic, 14-37. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Walliman, Nicholas. 2011. Research Methods: The Basics. New York: Routledge. Warner, Lesley. 2011. “Southern Sudan: Understanding US interests and equities at the end of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.” In Regional Security in the Post-Cold War Horn of Africa, edited by Roba Sharamo and Berouk Mesh, 189-221. Addis Ababa: Institute for Security Studies. Wassara, Samson. 2010. “Rebels, Militias and Governance in Sudan.” In Militias, Rebels and Islamist Militants, edited by Wafula Okumu and Augustine Ikelegbe, 255-286. Tshwane: Institute for Security Studies. Weller, Marc. 2008a. Negotiating the Final Status of Kosovo. Paris: Institute for Security Studies. Weller, Marc. 2008b. “The Vienna Negotiations on the Final Status for Kosovo.” Interna tional Ajfairs 84 (4): 659-681. Weller, Marc. 2008c. “Kosovo’s Final Status.” International Affairs 84 (6): 1223-1243. Wilde, Ralph. 2001. “From Danzig to East Timor and beyond: the Role of International Territorial Administration.” American Journal ofInternational Law95 (3): 583-606. Wilson, Jeremy. 2006. “Law and Order in an Emerging Democracy: Lessons from the Recon struction of Kosovo’s Police and Justice System.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 605 (1): 152-177. Wolff, Stefan. 2003. “The Limits of Non-Military International Intervention: A Case Study of the Kosovo Conflict.” In Understanding the War in Kosovo, edited by Florian Bieber and Zidan Daskalovski, 77-98. London: Frank Cass Publishers. Wondu, Steven and Ann Lesch. 2000. Battle for Peace in Sudan: An Analysis of the Abuja Conferences, 1992-1993. Maryland: University Press of America. References 207 Woodward, Peter. 2006. “Peacemaking in Sudan.” In Ending Africa ’s Wars: Progressing to Peace, edited by Oliver Furley and Roy May, 167-179. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited. Woodward, Peter. 2006. “Peacemaking in Sudan.” In Ending Africa’s Wars: Progressing to Peace, edited by Oliver Furley and Roy May, 177-188. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited. Yannis, Alexandros. 2004. “The UN as Government in Kosovo.” Global Governance 10 (1): 67-81. Yihun, Belete. 2013. “Ethiopia’s Role in South Sudan’s March to Independence, 19551991.” African Studies Quarterly 14 (1, 2): 35-54. Ylonen, Aleksi. 2011. “The Failure of “Making Unity Attractive”: The Uncertain Future of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement Implementation in Sudan.” In Regional Security in the Post-Cold War Horn ofAfrica, edited by Roba Sharamo and Berouk Mesfi, 147-188. Addis Ababa: Institute for Security Studies. Ylonen, Aleksi. 2012. “Limits of ‘Peace through Statebuilding’ in Southern Sudan: Chal lenges to State Legitimacy, Governance and Economic Development during the Compre hensive Peace Agreement Implementation, 2005-2011.” Journal of Conflictology 3 (2): 28-40. Ylonen, Aleksi. 2014. “Security Regionalism and Flaws of Externally Forged Peace in Sudan: The IGAD Peace Process and its Aftermath.” African Journal on Conflict Res olution 14 (2): 13-39. Yoh, John. 2010. “The Road Map Countdown - Dynamics and Implications of Possible Divorce.” In Sudan-No Easy Ways Ahead, edited by Heinrich Boll Foundation, 51-60. Berlin: Heinrich-Boll-Stiftung. Young, John. 2003. “Sudan: Liberation Movements, Regional Armies, Ethnic Militias Peace.” Review ofAfrican Political Economy 30 (97): 423-434. Young, John. 2005. “Sudan: A Flawed Peace Process Leading to a Flawed Peace.” Review ofAfrican Political Economy 32 (103): 99-113. Young, John. 2007a. “Sudan IGAD Peace Process: An Evaluation.” Sudan Tribune. Young, John. 2007b. “Sudan’s Peace Process: Laying the Basis for Future Conflict.” In a Conference on ‘The Current Peace and Security Challenges in the Horn of Africa’, InterAfrica Group and Centre for Policy Research and Dialogue. Young, John. 2012. The Fate of Sudan: The Origins and Consequences of a Flawed Peace Process. London: Zed Books. Young, John. 2019. South Sudan’s Civil War: Violence, Insurgency and Failed Peacemaking. London: Zed Books Ltd. YouTube. 2019. “Kosovo: A Chronology of Genocide.” Accessed August 06, 2021. https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhcT925oKDs t=8767s. Zartman, William, ed. 1995.Collapsed States: The Disintegration and Restoration of Legiti mate Authority. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers. Zdravkovski, Aleksander, and Sabrina Ramet. 2019. “The Proposed Territorial Exchange between Serbia and Kosovo.” Insight Turkey 21 (2): 10-22. Zeitlin, Irving. 1997. Rulers and Ruled: An Introduction to Classical Political Theory from Plato to the Federalists. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Zirojevic, Olga. 2000. “Kosovo in the Collective Memory.” In The Road to War in Serbia: Trauma and Catharsis, edited by Nebojsa Popov, 189-211. Budapest: CEU Press.
adam_txt	Contents 1 Introduction . 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 2 The The The The The The The The Statehood, Stateness Problem, and State’s Survival and Partition . Statehood . 2.1.1 Empirical Statehood . 2.1.2 Juridical Statehood . 2.2 Stateness Problem. 2.2.1 The Rise of the Agenda of the Stateness Problem . 2.2.2 The Definition of the Stateness Problem. 2.2.3 The Characteristics of the Stateness Problem. 2.2.4 The Consequences of the Stateness Problem . 2.3 State’s Survival and Partition: The Outcomes of the Stateness Problem. 2.3.1 State’s Survival . 2.3.2 State’s Partition . 2.4 The Constructed Conceptual Approach . 2.5 Conclusion . 2.1 1 1 2 3 7 8 9 10 14 Background . Problem Statement . Literature Review . Significance . Purpose Statement . Questions . Methodology . Structure. 17 17 17 22 23 23 26 27 31 33 33 38 42 44 xi Contents xii 3 The Stateness Problem: The Case of Kosovo . 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4 The Outcome of the Stateness Problem: The Case of Kosovo . 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5 The Historical Background . The Characteristics of the Stateness Problem . The Consequences of the Stateness Problem. The External Involvement in the Stateness Problem . Conclusion . 47 47 57 66 73 81 83 83 90 98 106 110 113 113 120 127 133 140 The Outcome of the Stateness Problem: The Case of South Sudan. 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 7 The Instrument of Involvement in the Stateness Problem. The Partition Outcome of the Stateness Problem . The Role of External Powers in the Outcome of the Stateness Problem. The Post-Independence Context of Kosovo . Conclusion . The Stateness Problem: The Case of South Sudan . 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 6 The Historical Background . The Characteristics of the Stateness Problem . The Consequences of the Stateness Problem. The External Involvement in the Stateness Problem . Conclusion . 141 The Instrument of External Involvement in the Stateness Problem . 141 The Partition Outcome of the Stateness Problem . The Role of External Powers in the Outcome of the Stateness Problem. The Post-Independence Context of South Sudan . Conclusion . The Emergence of Kosovo and South Sudan: A Cross-Case Analysis . 7.1 7.2 The Similar Commonality of the Occurrence of the Stateness Problem. The Similar Commonality of the External Involvement in the Stateness Problem . 173 173 177 149 158 168 171 Contents 7.3 7.4 xiii The Similar Commonality of the Role of External Powers in the Partition Outcome of the Stateness Problem . 180 Conclusion . 183 Conclusion. 185 References. 191 References Ahmed, Einas. 2009. “The Comprehensive Peace Agreement and the Dynamics of Post Conflict Political Partnership in Sudan.” Africa Spectrum 44 (3): 133-147. Ahtisaari, Martti. 2008. “Conflict Resolution: The Case of Kosovo.” Irish Studies in Interna tional Affairs 19: 183-187. Albino, Oliver. 1970. The Sudan: A Southern Viewpoint. London: Oxford University Press. Alier, Abel. 1990. Southern Sudan: Too Many Agreements Dishonoured. Exeter: Ithaca Press. Allen, Karen. 2015. “Why does South Sudan matter so much to the US?” BBC News, 31 August, 2015. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34083964. Allin, Dana et al. 2001. W/wt Statusfor Kosovo ? Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies. Amnesty International. 1995. Amnesty International Briefing Leaflet. London, England: Amnesty International Publications. Anonymous. 1985. “Report from the South: Khartoum’s Greatest Challenge.” MERIP Reports (135): 10-14. Anter, Andreas. 2014. Max Weber’s Theory of the Modern State: Origins, Structure and Significance. Translated by Keith Tribe. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Antonenko, Oksana. 2007. Russia and the Deadlock over Kosovo. Paris: Russia/NIS Center. Bagby, Laurie. Hobbes's Leviathan: Reader’s Guide. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. Barutciski, Michael. 1999. “Western Diplomacy and the Kosovo Refugee Crisis.” Forced Migration Review 5:8-10. Batakovic, Dusan. 1992. The Kosovo Chronicles. Belgrade: Plato. Batakovic, Dusan. 2015. “Kosovo and Metohija: History, Memory, Identity.” In The Chris tian Heritage of Kosovo and Metohija: The Historical and Spiritual Heartland of the Serbian People, edited by Bishop Maxim, 569-609. Los Angeles: Sebastian Press. Bates, Robert. 2008. “The Logic of State Failure: Learning from Late-Century Africa.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 25 (4): 297-314. BBC. 2006. “New Kosovo PM Wants Independence.” Accessed February 5, 2021.http:// news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4794258.stm. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature 2022 I. M. Mohammed, The Emergence of the State, (Re-)konstruktionen Internationale und Globale Studien, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40284-6 191 192 References Bearak, Max. 2016. “The U.S. Midwifed South Sudan Five Years Ago. Now it is on the Brink of Falling Apart.” The Washington Post. July 11, 2016. https://www.washingto npost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/07/ll/the-u-s-midwifed-southsudan-five-yearsago-now-it-is-on-the-brink-of-falling-apart/. Bebler, Anton. 2015. “The Serbia-Kosovo Conflict.” In “Frozen Conflicts” in Europe, edited by Anton Bebler, 151-171. Berlin: Barbara Budrich Publishers. Bell, Bowyer. 1975. “The Conciliation of Insurgency; The Sudanese Experience.” The Jour nal of Military History 39 (3): 105-113. Bellamy, Alex. 2002. Kosovo and International Society. New York: Palgrave. Belloni, Roberto. 2008. State Building and International Intervention in Bosnia. New York: Routledge. Bennett, Christopher. 1995. Yugoslavia’s Bloody Collapse: Causes, Course and Conse quences. New York: New York University Press. Bereketeab, Redie. 2017. “The Collapse of IGAD Peace Mediation in the Current South Sudan Civil War: When National Interest Dictates Peace Mediation.” Journal ofAfrican Foreign Affairs 4 (1 2): 147-164. Berhanu, Kassahun. 2014. “Implications of Southern Sudan’s Independence for the Horn of Africa and Beyond.” In Post-Referendum Sudan National and Regional Questions, edited by Samson Wassara and Al-Tayib Al-Abdin, 51-71. Dakar: CODES RIA. Beshir, Mohamed. 1968. The Southern Sudan: Background to Conflict. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., Publishers. Beshir, Mohamed. 1974. Revolution and Nationalism in the Sudan. London: Rex Collings Ltd. Bieber, Florian. 2002. “Nationalist Mobilization and Stories of Serb Suffering: The Kosovo Myth from 600th Anniversary to the Present.” Rethinking History 6(1): 94-110. Bieber, Florian. 2003. “Introduction.” In Understanding the War in Kosovo, edited by Florian Bieber and Zidan Daskalovski, 1-10. London: Frank Cass Publishers. Blagojevic, Marina. 2000. “The Migrations of Serbs from Kosovo during the 1970s and 1980s: Trauma and/or Catharsis.” In The Road to War in Serbia: Trauma and Catharsis, edited by Nebojsa Popov, 212-246. Budapest: CEU Press. Brosche, Johan. 2008. “CPA-New Sudan, Old Sudan or Two Sudan? A Review of the Imple mentation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.” In Post-conflict Peace- building in the Horn of Africa, edited by Johansson Dahre, 16-41. Lund: Lund University. Brosche, Johan. 2009. Sharing Power - Enabling Peace? Evaluating Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement 2005. Uppsala: Uppsala University. Burr, Millard. 1998. Quantifying Genocide in Southern Sudan and the Nuba Mountains 19831998. New York: US Committee for Refugees. Caplan, Richard. 1998. “International Diplomacy and the Crisis in Kosovo.” International Affairs 74 (4): 745-761. Caplan, Richard. 2005. International Governance of War-Torn Territories: Rule and Recon struction. New York: Oxford University Press. Carney, Timothy. 2007. Some Assembly Required. Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agree ment. Washington: United States Institute of Peace. Carson, Christopher. 2013. “The Dayton Accords and the Escalating Tensions in Kosovo.” Berkeley Undergraduate Journal 26 (1): 68-84. References 193 Chanie, Bantayehu. 2021. “Sudan and South Sudan: An Unamicable Political Divorce.” Global Change, Peace Security 33 (1): 61-76. Chauvet, Lisa et al. 2011. “The Cost of Failing States and the Limits to Sovereignty.” In Frag ile States: Causes, Costs, and Responses, edited by Wim Naude et al., 91-110. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chauvet, Lisa, and Paul Collier. 2008. “What are the Preconditions for Turnarounds in Fail ing States?” Conflict Management and Peace Science 25 (4): 332-348. Cirjakovic, Zoran. 2001. "‘Kosovonized’ Bosnia.” In Kosovo: The Politics ofDelusion, edited by Michael Waller et.al, 71-78. New York: Routledge. Civic, Melanne, and Michael Miklaucic. 2011. “The State and the Use of Force: Monopolyand Legitimacy.” In Monopoly of Force: The Nexus of DDR and SSR, edited by Melanne Civic and Michael Miklaucic, xv-3. Washington: National Defense University Press. Clapham, Christopher. 2000. “Failed States and Non-States in the Modern International Order.” Conference on Failed States, Florence, April. Clark, Howard. Civil Resistance in Kosovo. London: Pluto Press. CNN. 1999. “Transcript: Clinton Addresses Nation on Yugoslavia Strike.” Accessed Decem ber 10, 2020. http://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/03/25/clinton.transc ript/. Collins, Robert. 1999. “Africans, Arabs, and Islamists: From the Conference Tables to the Battlefields in the Sudan.” African Studies Review 42 (2): 105-123. Collins, Robert. 2007. “Civil Wars in the Sudan.” History Compass (5/6): 1778-1805. Collins, Robert. 2008. A History of Modern Sudan. New York: Cambridge University Press. Collins, Robert. 2017. The Southern Sudan in Historical Perspective. New York: Routledge. Copnall, James. 2014. A poisonous Thorn in our Hearts: Sudan and South Sudan’s Bitter and Incomplete Divorce. London: Hurst. Cox, John. 2002. The History of Serbia. Westport: Greenwood Press. Crampton, Ben. 2012. “Kosovo.” In Exit Strategies and State Building, edited by Richard Caplan, 159-176. New York: Oxford University Press. Crawford, James. 2OO6.The Creation of States in International Law. Oxford: Oxford Univer sity Press. Crawford, James. 2012. Brownlie’s Principles of Public International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Curley, Edwin, ed. 1994. Leviathan. Indiana: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. Cviic, Christopher. 2005. “Kosovo 1945-2005.” International Affairs 81 (4): 851-860. Daskalovski, Zidan. 2003. “Claims to Kosovo: Nationalism and Self-Determination.” In Understanding the War in Kosovo, edited by Florian Bieber and Zidan Daskalovski, 11-28. London: Frank Cass Publishers. Davidson, Jason. 2011. America ’s Allies and War: Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq. New York: Palgrav. Davies, Elizabeth. 2004. “Sudan Fury over Genocide Claim as US Seeks Sanctions.” The Independent, September 11,2004. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/sud anfury-over-genocide-claim-as-usseeks-sanctions-545800.html. Day, Adam. 2018. Preventive Diplomacy and the Southern Sudan Independence Referendum (2010-11). United Nations University Centre for Policy Research. 194 References De Maio, Jennifer. 2009. Confronting Ethnic Conflict: The Role of Third Parties in Managing Africa’s Civil Wars. Plymouth: Lexington Books. De Waal, Alex. 2007. “Sudan: International Dimensions to the State and its Crisis.” London: Crisis States Research Centre. De Waal, Alex. 2010. “Sudan’s Choices: Scenarios beyond the CPA.” In Sudan - No Easy Ways Ahead, edited by Heinrich Boll Foundation, 9-28. Berlin: Heinrich-Boll-Stiftung. De Waal, Alex. 2016. “Writing Human Rights and Getting It Wrong.” Boston Review, June 06, 2016. https://www.bostonreview.net/world/alex-de-waal-writing-human-rights. De Waal, Alex. 2017. “Peace and the Security in Sudan, 2002-11.” African Security Review 26 (2): 180-198. De Waal, Alex. 2020. “The Ambiguities of Self-Determination: IGAD and the Secession of South Sudan.” Nations and Nationalism 27 (1): 80-95. Della Porta, Donatella. 2008. “Comparative Analysis: Case-Oriented Versus Variable Ori ented Research.” In Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences: A Pluralist Perspective, edited by Donatella Della Porta and Michael Keating, 198-222. New York: Cambridge University Press. Demjaha, Agon. 2020. “Kosovo’s Strategy for Recognition and Engagement.” In The Poli tics of Recognition and Engagement EU Member State Relations with Kosovo, edited by Ioannis Armakolas and James Ker-Lindsay, 19-41. Switzerland: Palgrave. Deng, Francis. 1995. War of Visions: Conflict of Identities in the Sudan. Washington: Brookings Institution Press. Deng, Francis. 2005. “African Renaissance: Towards a New Sudan.” Eorced Migration Review (24): 6-8. Deng, von Francis et al. 1996. Sovereignty as Responsibility: Conflict Management in Africa. Washington: The Brookings Institution. Dobbins, James. 2003. America ’s Role in Nation-Building: From Germany to Iraq: From Germany to Iraq. Arlington: RAND. Dobbins, James. 2008. “An Independent Kosovo Was a Part of the U.N.’s Plan.” Accessed January 2, 2021. https://www.rand.org/blog/2008/02/an-independent-kosovo-was-a-partofthe-u_n_s-plan.html. Dorff, Robert H. 1996. “Democratization and Failed States: The Challenge of Ungovernabil ity.” Parameters, 26 (2): 17-31. Dragnich, Alex, and Slavko Todorovich. 1984. The Saga of Kosovo: Focus on SerbianAlbanian Relations. New York: Columbia University press. Drezov, Kyril . 2001. “Collateral Damage: The Impact on Macedonia of the Kosovo War.” In Kosovo: The Politics of Delusion, edited by Michael Waller et al, 59-71. New York: Routledge. Dusza, Karl. 1989. “Max Weber’s Conception of the State.” International Journal ofPolitics, Culture, and Society 3 (1): 71-105. El-Affendi, Abdelwahab. 2001. “The Impasse in the IGAD Peace Process for Sudan: The Limits of Regional Peacemaking?” African Affairs 100 (401): 581-599. El-Affendi, Abdelwahab. 2007. “ The View from the North: The CPA’s Hopes and Multiple Disappointments.” In a conference on ‘The Current Peace and Security Challenges in the Horn of Africa’, Inter Africa Group and Centre for Policy Research and Dialogue. Ellis, Mark. 2000. “The Consequences of the Kosovo Conflict on Southeastern Europe.” The International Lawyer 34 (4): 1193-1221. References 195 Ezrow, Natasha, and Erica Frantz. 2013. Failed States and Institutional Decay: Under standing Instability and Poverty in the Developing World. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. Felgenhauer, Pavel. 2007. “The Tactics and Strategic Goals of Russia’s Stand on the Indepen dence of Kosovo.” Accessed January 25, 2021. http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/ portal/rielcano_en/about-elcano/presentation. Franco, Leonardo. 1999. Situation of Human Rights in the Sudan. А/54/ 467, 14 October. Rone, Jemera. 2003. Sudan, Oil, and Human Rights. New York: Human Rights Watch. Fukuyama, Francis, ed. 2006. Nation-Building: Beyond Afghanistan and Iraq. Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Fukuyama, Francis. 2004. State Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century. New York: Cornell University Press. Gacesa, Nikola. 1989. “Settlement of Kosovo and Metohija after World War I and the Agrar ian Reform.” In Kosovo: Past and Present, edited by Gordana Filipovic, 100-112. Belgrad: Review of International Affairs. Gagakuma, Wisdom, and Zigiju Samuel. 2016. “Effectiveness of Capacity Building Pro grams in Fragile States: The Ethiopia Case.” In State Fragility and State Building in Africa, edited by Dele Olowu and Paulos Chanie, 135-163. London: Springer. Geddes, Barbara. 2003. Paradigms and Sand Castles: Theory Building in Comparative Politics. Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Geldenhuys, Deon. 2009. Contested States in World Politics. London: Palgrave. George, Alexander, and Andrew Bennett. 2005. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: MIT Press. Gerring, John. 2007. Case Study Research: Principles and Practices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gerth, Hans, and Wright Mills, ed. 1946. From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press. Ghani, Ashraf, and Clare Lockhart. 2008. Fixing Fragile States: A Frameworkfor Rebuilding a Fractured World. New York: Oxford University Press. Gibney, Matthew. 1999. “Kosovo and Beyond: Popular and Unpopular Refugees.” Forced Migration Review 5:28-30. Given, Lisa, ed. 2008. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Gray, Richard. 1971. “The Southern Sudan.” Journal of Contemporary History 6 (1): 108120. Guliyeva, Gulara. 2011. “Kosovo’s Independence: Re-Examining the Principles Established by the EC Badinter Commission in Light of the ICJ’s Advisory Opinion.” In Kosovo: A Precedent? The Declaration ofIndependence, the Advisory Opinion and Implications for Statehood, Self- Determination and Minority Rights, edited by James Summers, 279-303. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. Gulyas, Laszlo, and Gabor Csullog. 2015. “History of Kosovo from the First Balkan War to the End ofWorld War 11(1912-1945).” West Bohemian Historical Review 5 (2): 219-237. Guzina, Dejan. 2003. “Kosovo or Kosova-Could it Be Both? The Case of Interlocking Ser bian and Albanian Nationalism.” In Understanding the War in Kosovo, edited by Florian Bieber and Zidan Daskalovski, 29-50. London: Frank Cass Publishers. 196 References Hall, Richard. 2011. “The Balkan Wars 1912-1913.” International Encyclopedia of the First World War October 8, 2014. Accessed September 12, 2020. https://encyclopedia.19141918online.net/article/balkan_wars_l 912-1913. Hamid, Gamal. 1996. Population Displacement in the Sudan: Patterns, Responses, Coping Strategies. New York: Centre for Migration Studies. Hamilton, Rebecca. 2011. “U.S. Played Key Role in Southern Sudan’s Long Journey to Inde pendence.” The Atlantic, July 9, 2011. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/ 201 l/07/us-played-key-role-in-southernsudans-long-journey-to-independence/241660/. Hamilton, Rebecca. 2012. “Special Report: The Wonks who Sold Washington on South Sudan.” Reuters, July 11, 2012. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-south-sudan-mid wives/special-report-the-wonks-who-sold-washington-on-south-sudan-idUSBRE86A0G C20120711. Hassan, Ahmed. 2009. “The Rise and Fall of the Sudan Alliance Forces (1).” African Argu ments, October 8, 2009. https://africanarguments.org/2009/10/08/the-rise-and-fall-ofthesudan-alliance-forces-1/. Hayden, William. 1998. “The Kosovo Conflict and Forced Migration: The Strategic Use of Displacement and the Obstacles to International Protection.” The Journal ofHumanitar ian Assistance, February 14, 216. https://sites.tufts.edu/jha/archives/133. Healy, Sally. 2011. “Seeking Peace and Security in the Horn of Africa: the Contribution of the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development.” International Affairs il (1): 105120. Hedges, Chris. 1999. “Kosovo’s Next Masters?” Foreign Affairs 78 (3): 24-42. Helman, Gerald, and Steven Ratner.1992-1993. “Saving Failed States.” Foreign Policy 89, 3-20. Hemmer, Jort. 2010. “Southern Sudan: the New Kid on the Block? Assessing the Neigh bourhood on the Threshold of Southern Sudan’s Self-determination Referendum.” Tha Hague: Clingendael. Herbst, Jeffrey. 2004. “Let Them Fail: State Failure in Theory and Practice: Implications for Policy.” In When States Fail: Causes and Consequences, edited by Robert Rotberg, JOTSI 9. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Himmrich, Julia. 2020. “Germany: From Cautious Recogniser to Kosovo’s Key EU Ally.” In The Politics of Recognition and Engagement EU Member State Relations with Kosovo, edited by Ioannis Armakolas and James Ker-Lindsay, 61-83. Switzerland: Palgrave. Hoigilt, Jacob et al. 2010. “The Sudan Referendum and Neighbouring Countries: Egypt and Uganda.” Grönland: Peace Research Institute Oslo. Hox, Joop, and Hennie Boeije. 2005. “Data Collection, Primary vs. Secondary.” In Encyclo pedia of Social Measurement, Volume 1, edited by Kimberly Kempf-Leonard, 593-599. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Huliaras, Asteris. 2006. “Evangelists, Oil Companies, and Terrorists: The Bush Administra tion’s Policy towards Sudan.” Orbis 50 (4): 709-724. Hutchinson, Sharon. 2001. “A Curse from God? Religious and Political Dimensions of the Post- 1991 Rise of Ethnic Violence in South Sudan.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 39 (2): 307-331. ICG. 1998. The Albanian Question in Macedonia: Implications of the Kosovo Conflict for Inter-Ethnic Relations in Macedonia. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. References 197 ICG. 1999a. The Balkan Refugee Crisis: Regional and Long-Term Perspectives. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 1999b. War in the Balkans: Consequences of the Kosovo Conflict and Future Options for Kosovo and the Region. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2001. Kosovo: A Strategy for Economic Development. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2002a. God, Oil and Country: Changing the Logic of War in Sudan. Brussels: Interna tional Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2002b. Ending Starvation as a Weapon of War in Sudan. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2002c. Sudan’s Best Chance for Peace: How Not To Lose It. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2003a. Sudan: Towards an Incomplete Peace. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2005. Garang’s Death: Implications for Peace in Sudan. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2006. Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement: The Long Road Ahead. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2008. Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement: Beyond the Crisis. Brussels: Interna tional Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2010a. Negotiating Sudan’s North-South Future. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2010b. Sudan: Regional Perspectives on the Prospect of Southern Independence. Brus sels: International Crisis Group Press. ICG. 2021. Toward a Viable Future for South Sudan. Brussels: International Crisis Group Press. ICISS. 2001. The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. Ottawa: International Development Research Center. Idris, Amir. 2013. Identity, Citizenship, and Violence in Two Sudans: Reimagining a Common Future. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Ignatieff, Michael. 2002. “Intervention and State Failure.” Dissent 49 (1): 114-123. IICK. 2000. The Kosovo Report: Conflict, International Response, Lesson Learned. New York: Oxford University Press. IMF. 1999. “The Economic Consequences of the Kosovo Crisis: An Updated Assessment.” IMF May 25, 1999. https://www.imf.org/externaVpubs/ft/kosovo/052599.htm. IMF. 2001. “Kosovo—Progress in Institution-Building and the Economic Policy Challenges Ahead.” Accessed January 12, 2021. https://www.imf.org/externaVnp/eul/kosovo/2001/ eng/120601.htm. Iqbal, Zaryab, and Harvey Starr. 2016. State Failure in the Modem World. California: Stanford University Press. Jackson, Robert, and Carl Rosberg. 1982. “Why Africa’s Weak States Persist: The Empirical and the Juridical in Statehood.” World Politics 35 (1): 1-24. Jackson, Robert, and Carl Rosberg. 1986. “Sovereignty and Underdevelopment: Juridical Statehood in the African Crisis.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 24 (1): 1-31. Jackson, Robert. 1993. Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World. New York: Cambridge University Press. 198 References Jackson, Robert. 1993. Quad-State::: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Jackson, Robert. 1998. “Surrogate Sovereignty? Great Power Responsibility and “Failed States”.” Institute of International Relations, University of British Columbia. Jackson, Robert. 2007. Sovereignty: Evolution of an Idea. Cambridge: Polity Press. Jamie, Faiz. 2017. “The Dynamics of National Identity Building in South Sudan.” In State Building and National Identity Reconstruction in the Horn of Africa, edited by Redie Bereketeab, 211-225. Switzerland: Springer. Janjic, Dusan et al. 2009. “Kosovo Under the Milosevic Regime.” In Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies: A Scholars’ Initiative, edited by Charles Ingrao and Thomas Emmert, 272-301. Indiana: Purdue University Press. Johnson, Douglas. 1998. “The Sudan People’s Liberation Army and the Problem of Func tionalism.” In African Guerrillas, edited by Christopher Clapham, 53-73. Oxford: James Currey. Johnson, Douglas. 2003. The Root Causes ofSudan ’s Civil Wars. Indiana: Indiana University. Johnson, Douglas. 2009. “The Nuer Civil Wars.” In Changing Identification and Alliances in North-east Africa, vol. II: Sudan, Uganda and the Ethiopia-Sudan Borderlands, edited by Schlee Gunther and Elizabeth Watson, 31-49. New York: Berghahn Books. Johnson, Douglas. 2012. “Twentieth-Century Wars.” In The Sudan Handbook, edited by John Ryle et al., 209-225. London: Rift Valley Institute. Johnson, Douglas. 2013. “New Sudan or South Sudan? The Multiple Meanings of SelfDetermination in Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement.” Civil Wars 15 (2): 141156. Johnson, Hilde. 2016. South Sudan: The untold Story from Independence to Civil War. London: LB. Tauris Co. Ltd. Jok, Jok. 2007. Sudan: Race, Religion and Violence. Oxford: Oneworld. Judah, Tim. 2000. “The Kosovo Liberation Army.” Perceptions: 61-77. Judah, Tim. 2002. Kosovo: War and Revenge. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Judah, Tim. 2008. Kosovo: What Everybody Needs to Know. New York: Oxford. Kamrava, Mehran, ed. 2016. Fragile Politics: Weak States in the Greater Middle East. London: C. Hurst Co. (Publishers) Ltd. Kavka, Gregory. 1999. “Hobbes’s War of All against All.” In The Social Contract Theorists, edited by Christopher Morris, 1-23. Maryland: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, INC. Kebbede, Girma. 1999. “South Sudan: A War-Torn and Divided Region.” In Sudan’s Predicament: Civil War, Displacement, and Ecological Degradation, 47-64 edited by Kebbede, Grima. Aidershot: Ashgate. Kebbede, Girma. 1999. “Sudan: The North-South Conflict in Historical Perspective.” In Sudan ’s Predicament: Civil War, Displacement, and Ecological Degradation, edited by Grima Kebbede. Aidershot: Ashgate. Ker-Lindsay, James, and Ioannis Armakolas. 2020. “Kosovo, EU Member States and the Recognition-Engagement Nexus.” In The Politics of Recognition and Engagement EU Member State Relations with Kosovo, edited by Ioannis Armakolas and James KerLindsay, 1-19. Switzerland: Palgrave. Ker-Lindsay, James. 2009. Kosovo: The Path to Contested Statehood in the Balkans. London: I.B.Tauris Co Ltd. References 199 Ker-Lindsay, James. 2020. “The United Kingdom: Kosovo’s Strongest Supporter in Europe.” In The Politics ofRecognition and Engagement EU Member State Relations with Kosovo, edited by Ioannis Armakolas and James Ker-Lindsay, 41-61. Switzerland: Palgrave. Khutsishvili, George, and Albrecht Schnabel. 2000. “The Kosovo Conflict: The Balkans and Southern Caucasus.” In Kosovo and the Challenge of Humanitarian Intervention: Selec tive Indignation, Collective Action, and International Citizenship, edited by Albrecht Schnabel and Ramesh Thakur, 64-82. New York: The United Nations University Press. Kilroy, Walt. 2020. “South Sudan.” In Routledge Handbook of State Recognition, edited by Gezim Visoka, John Doyle and Edward Newman, 391-402. New York: Routledge. Kim, Julie and Steven Woehrel. 2008. Kosovo and U.S. Policy: Background to Independence. Washington: Congressional Research Service. King, Gary et al. 1994. Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Kouchner, Bernard and Carl Bildt. 2008. “Why Serbia Will Join the EU.” Accessed February 8, 2021. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/why-serbia-will-join-the-eu-3pf0615rgk7 . Krasner, Stephen, and Carlos Pascual. 2005. “Addressing State Failure.” Foreign affairs 84 (4): 153-163. Krasner, Stephen. 1999. Sovereignty: Organized Hypocracy. New Jersey: Princeton Univer sity Press. Krasner, Stephen. 2004. “Sharing Sovereignty: New Institutions for Collapsed and Failing States.” International Security 29 (2): 85-120. Kubo, Keiichi. 2010. “Why Kosovar Albanians Took Up Arms against the Serbian Regime: The Genesis and Expansion of the UÇK in Kosovo.” Europe-Asia Studies 62 (7): 11351152. Kuhle, Lene, and Carsten Laustsen. 2006. “The Kosovo Myth: Nationalism and Revenge.” In Kosovo Between War and Peace: Nationalism, Peacebuilding, and International Trustee ship, edited by Tonny Knudsen and Carsten Laustsen, 19-36. New York: Routledge. Ladouceur, Paul. 1975. “The Southern Sudan: A Forgotten War and a Forgotten Peace.” International Journal 30 (2): 406^127. Landman, Todd. 2008. Issues and Methods in Comparative Politics: An Introduction. New York: Routledge. Langford, Tonya. 1999. “Things Fall Apart: State Failure and the Politics of Intervention.” International Studies Review 1 (1): 59-79. Lee, Jesse. 2010. “President Obama in Ministerial Meeting on Sudan: “The Fate of Mil lions”.” The White House, September 24, 2010. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/ blog/2010/09/24/president-obama-ministerial-meeting-sudan-fate-millions. Lehne, Stefan. 2009. Resolving Kosovo’s Status. Vienna: Austrian Institute for International Affairs. Lemay-Hebert, Nicolas . 2013. “Rethinking Weberian Approaches to Statebuilding.” In The Routledge Handbook of International Statebuilding, edited by David Chandler and Tim othy Sisk, 3-15. New York: Routledge. LeRiche, Matthew, and Matthew Arnold. 2013. South Sudan: From Revolution to Indepen dence. New York: Oxford University Press. Lesch, Ann. 1987. “A View from Khartoum.” Foreign Affairs 65 (4): 807-827. Lesch, Ann. 2002. “Osama bin Laden’s “Business” in Sudan.” Current History. 203-209. 200 References Lindsay, James. 2009. Kosovo: The Path to Contested Statehood in the Balkans. New York: by I.B.Tauris Co Ltd. Lynch, Colum. 2014. “The U.S. Helped Create South Sudan. Can Washington Save It From Civil War?” Foreign Policy, May 2, 2014. https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/05/02/the-u-shelped-create-south-sudan-can-washington-save-it-from-civil-war/. Lyons, Terrence. 2004. “Transforming the Institutions of War: Postconflict Elections and the Reconstruction of Failed States.” In When States Fail: Causes and Consequences, edited by Robert Rotberg, 153-170. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Malcolm, Noel. 1998a. Kosovo: A Short History. New York: New York University Press. Malcolm, Noel. 1998b. “The Battle of Kosovo.” Accessed May 20, 1998. https://www.pro spectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/thebattleofkosovo . Malek, Martin. 2006. “State Failure in the South Caucasus: Proposals for an Analytical Framework.” Transition Studies Review 13 (2): 441-460. Malwal, Bona. 2015. Sudan and South Sudan: From One to Two. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Mampilly, Zachariah. 2011. Rebel Rulers: Insurgent Governance and Civilian Life during War. London: Cornell University Press. Matus, Jason . 2006. “The Three Areas: A Template for Regional Agreements.” In Peace by Piece: Addressing Sudan’s Conflicts, edited by Mark Simmons and Peter Dixon. 34-38. London: Conciliation Resources. Mawson, Andrew. 1991. “Murahaleen Raids on the Dinka, 1985-89.” Disasters 15 (2): 137149. Mayall, James. 2005. “The Legacy of Colonialism.” In Making States Work: State Failure and the Crisis of Governance, edited by Simon Chesterman et al., 36-59. New York: United Nations University Press. Mayotte, Judy. 1994. “Civil War in Sudan: The Paradox of Human Rights and National Sovereignty.” Journal of International Ajfairs 47 (2): 497-524. McCormick, Ту. 2015. “Unmade in the USA: The Inside Story of a Foreign Policy Fail ure.” Foreign Policy, 2015. https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/02/25/unmade-in-the-usasouth-sudanbush-obama/. McCormick, Ту. 2015. “Unmade in the USA: The Inside Story of a Foreign Policy Failure.” Foreign Policy, 2015. https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/02/25/unmade-in-the-usa south-sudan-bush-obama/. Mehmeti, Jeton. 2020. “Kosovo: State-Building in the Making.” In Political History of the Balkans (1989-2018), edited by Jozsef Duro and Zoltan Egeresi, 77-91. Budapest: Dialog Campus. Meierhenrich, Jens. 2004. “Forming States after Failure.” In When States Fail: Causes and Consequences, edited by Robert Rotberg, 153-170. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Mertus, Julie. 1999. Kosovo: How Myths and Truths Started a War. California and London: University of California Press. Mertus, Julie. 2009. “Operation Allied Force: Handmaiden of Independent Kosovo.” Inter national Ajfairs 85 (3): 461-476. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Diaspora of Kosovo, n.d. Accessed February 6,2021. https:// www.rks-gov.net/EN/f40/republic-of-kosovo/constitution. References 201 Mohammed, Nadir. 1993. “Militarization in Sudan: Trends and Determinants.” Armed Forces Society 19 (3): 411-433. Mohammed, Nadir. 2017. “The Sudan: The Cost of the Second Civil War (1983-1993).” In The Economics of Conflict and Peace, edited by Jurgen Brauer and William Gissy, 239257. New York: Routledge. Mulaj, Klejda. 2008. “Resisting an Oppressive Regime: The Case of Kosovo Liberation Army.” Studies in Conflict Terrorism 31 (12): 1103-1119. Murithi, Tim. 2009. “Inter-governmental Authority on Development on the Ground: Com paring Interventions in Sudan and Somalia.” African Security (2): 136-157. Murshed, Mansoob, and Philip Verwimp. 2011. “Enforcing Peace Agreements in Frag ile States through Commitment Technology.” In Fragile States: Causes, Costs, and Responses, edited by Wim Naude et al., 151-166. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Musekiwa, Norbert. 2016. “The Impact of Fragility on Social Services: The Case of Zimbab wean State, 2000-2008.” In State Fragility and State Building in Africa, edited by Dele Olowu and Paulos Chanie, 91-113. London: Springer. NATO. 1998a. “Statement by the Secretary General Following the ACTWARN Decision.” Accessed December 20, 2020. https://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1998/p980924e.htm. NATO. 1998b. “Transcript of the Press Conference by Secretary General, Dr. Javier Solana.” Accessed December 20, 2020. https://www.nato.int/docu/speech/1998/s981013b.htm. Natsios, Andrew. 2012. Sudan, South Sudan, And Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know. New York: Oxford University Press. Naude, Wim, and Mark McGillivray. 2011. “Fragile States: An Overview.” In Fragile States: Causes, Costs, and Responses, edited by Wim Naude et al., 1-32. Oxford: Oxford University Press. New York Times. 2015. “South Sudan’s Agony.” New York Times, June 27, 2015. https:// www.nytimes.com/2015/06/28/opinion/sunday/south-sudans-agony.html . Newey, Glen. 2008. Hobbes and Leviathan. New York: Routledge. Newman, Edward, and Gezim Visoka. 2018. “The Foreign Policy of State Recognition: Kosovo’s Diplomatic Strategy to Join International Society.” Foreign Policy Analysis 14 (3): 367-387. Nmoma, Veronica. 2006. “The Shift in United States-Sudan Relations: A Troubled Relation ship and the Need for Mutual Cooperation.” The Journal of Conflict Studies: 44-70. O’Balance, Edgar. 2000. Sudan, Civil War and Terrorism, 1956-99. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Ocal, Mehmet and Ayse Celenk. 2010. “Making of a New State in the Balkans: Kosovo.” Insight Turkey 12 (4): 167-183. Ofuho, Cirino. 2006. “Negotiating Peace: Restarting a Moribund Process.” In Peace by Piece: Addressing Sudan’s Conflicts, edited by Mark Simmons and Peter Dixon, 20-22. London: Conciliation Resources. Olowu, Dele, and Paulos Chanie, ed. 2016. State Fragility and State Building in Africa. London: Springer. Ottaway, Marina, and Bethany Lacina. 2003. “International Interventions and Imperialism: Lessons from the 1990s.” SAIS Review 23 (2): 71-92. Ottaway, Marina, and Stefan Mair. 2004. “States at Risk and Failed States: Putting Security First.” Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 202 References Ottaway, Marina. 1987. “Post-Numeiri Sudan: One Year On.” Third World Quarterly 9 (3): 891-905. Ottaway, Marina. 2002. “Rebuilding State Institutions in Collapsed States.” Development and Change 33 (5): 1001-1023. Paris, Roland. 2002. “Kosovo and the Metaphor War.” Political Science Quarterly 117 (3): 423 450. Patrick, Stewart. 2006. “Weak States and Global Threats: Assessing Evidence of Spillovers.” Center for Global Development. Patrick, Stewart. 2007. ““Failed” States and Global Security: Empirical Questions and Policy Dilemmas.” International Studies Review 9 (4): 644-662. Pavkovic, Aleksandar. 2000. The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia: Nationalism and War in the Balkans. New York: St. Martin’s Press, LLC. Pavkovic, Aleksandar. 2001. “Kosovo\Kosova: A Land of Conflicting Myths.” In Kosovo: The Politics of Delusion, edited by Michael Waller et al., 3-10. New York: Routledge. Pavlakovic, Vjeran, and Sabrina Ramet. 2004. “Albanian and Serb Rivalry in Kosovo: Real ist and Universalist Perspectives on Sovereignty.” In De Facto States: The Quest for Sovereignty, edited by Tozun Bahcheli et al., 74-101. London and New York: Routledge. Pavlovic, Aleksandar. 2019. “Forging the Enemy: The Transformation of Common SerbianAlbanian traits into enmity and Political Hostility.” In Rethinking Serbian-Albanian Rela tions: Fighting Out the Enemy, edited by Aleksandar Pavlovic et al., 3-22. New York: Routledge. Perritt, Henry. 2010. The Road to Independence for Kosovo: A Chronicle of the Ahtisaari Plan. New York: Cambridge University Press. Pettifer, James. 2013. The Kosova Liberation Army: Underground War to Balkan Insurgency, 1948-2001. London: Hurst Company. Poggo, Scopas. 2009. The First Sudanese Civil War: Africans, Arabs, and Israelis in the Southern Sudan, 1955-1972. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Priest, Dana. 1999. “Kosovo Land Threat May Have Won War.” Washington Post, September 19, 1999. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/daily/sept99/airwarl9.htm. Prunier, Gerard. 2004. “Rebel Movements and Proxy Warfare: Uganda, Sudan and the Congo (1986-99).” African Affairs 103 (412): 359-383. Pula, Besnik. 2004. “The Emergence of the Kosovo “Parallel State,” 1998-1992.” National ities Papers 32 (4): 797-826. Ragin, Charles. 1987. The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantita tive Strategies. California: University of California Press. Ragin, Charles. 1999. “The Distinctiveness of Case-oriented Research.” Health Services Research 34 (5): 1137-1152. Ragin, Charles. 2015. “Case-Oriented Research.” In International Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition, Volume 3, edited by James D. Wright, 187-193. Oxford: Elsevier. Rai, David. 2002. Statehood and the law of self-determination. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. Ramet, Sabrina. 2002. Balkan Babel: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia from the Death of Tito to the Fall of Milosevic. Colorado: Westview Press. Reitan, Ruth. 2000. “Strategic Nonviolent Conflict in Kosovo.” Peace Change 25 (1): 71102. References 203 Rettman, Andrew. 2007. “France and NATO Welcome Ahtisaari Plan for Kosovo Future.” Accessed February 8, 2021. https://euobserver.com/foreign/23364. Reuter, Jens. 1999. “Kosovo 1998.” In OSCE Yearbook 1998, edited by IFSH, 183-194. Hamburg: Baden-Baden. Riegl, Martin, and Bohumil Dobos. 2017. "(Super)Power Rule: Comparative Analysis of Par ent States.” In Unrecognized States and Secession in the 21st Century, edited by Martin Riegl and Bohumil Dobos, 85-108. Cham: Springer. Rogel, Carole. 2004. The Breakup of Yugoslavia and its Aftermath. Westport: Greenwood Press. Rogier, Emeric. 2005. No More Hills Ahead? The Sudan’s Tortuous Ascent to Heights of Peace. The Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations. Rolandsen, Oystein and Martin Daly. 2016. A History of South Sudan: From Slavery to Independence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Rolandsen, Oystein. 2011a. “A False Start: Between War and Peace in the Southern Sudan, 1956-62.” Journal ofAfrican History 52 (1): 105-123. Rolandsen, Oystein. 2011b. “A Quick Fix? A Retrospective Analysis of the Sudan Compre hensive Peace Agreement.” Review of African Political Economy 38 (130): 551-564. Rone, Jemera. 2003. “Sudan: Oil War.” Review ofAfrican Political Economy 30 (97): 504510. Rone, Jemera. 2003. Sudan, Oil, and Human Rights. New York: Human Rights Watch. Ronen. Yehudit. 2002. “Sudan and the United States: Is a Decade of Tension Winding Down?” Middle East Policy 9 (1): 94-108. Rotberg, Robert, ed. 2003. State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror. Washington: Brookings Institution Press. Rotberg, Robert, ed. 2004. When States Fail: Causes and Consequences. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Rrecaj, Besfort. 2011. “A Contemporary Interpretation of the Principles of Sovereignty, Ter ritorial Integrity and Self-Determination, and the Kosovo Conundrum.” In Kosovo: A Precedent? The Declaration of Independence, the Advisory Opinion and Implications for Statehood, Self-Determination and Minority Rights, edited by James Summers, 109-142. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. Ruay, Deng. 1994. The Politic of Two Sudans: The South and the North 1821-1969. Uppsala: The Scandinavian Institute of African Studies. Ruecker, Joachim. 2011. Standards and Status: How Kosovo Became Independent. Munich; Berlin: Verlag Otto Sagner. Salih, Kamal. 1990. “The Sudan, 1985-9: The Fading Democracy.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 28 (2): 199-224. Salih, Mohamed. 1989. ‘“New Wine in Old Bottles’ : Tribal Militias and the Sudanese State.” Review of African Political Economy (45/46): 168-174. Salla, Michael. 1995. “Kosovo, Non-violence and the Break-up of Yugoslavia.” Security Dialogue 26 (4): 427-438. Schoch, Bruno. 2020. “Kosovo: Monitored Secession.” In TheNagomo-KarabakhDeadlock: Insights from Successful Conflict Settlements, edited by Azer Babayev et al., 119-143. Wiesbaden: Springer. 204 References Schomerus, Mareike and Lotje de Vries. 2019. “A State of Contradiction: Sudan’s Unity Goes South.” In Secessionism in African Politics: Aspiration, Grievance, Performance, Disenchantment, edited by Lotje de Vries et al., 423^155. Switzerland: Palgrave. Schwartz, Stephen. 2000. Kosovo: Background to a War. Hungary: Interpress. Scott, Philippa. 1985. “The Sudan Peoples’ Liberation Movement (SPLM) and Liberation Army (SPLA).” Review ofAfrican Political Economy (33): 69-82. Shaw, Malcolm. 2008. International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Shepherd, George. 1966. “National Integration and the Southern Sudan.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 4 (2): 193-212. Shinn, David. 2004. “Addis Ababa Agreement: Was It Destined to Fail and Are There Lessons for the Current Sudan Peace Process?” Annales d’Ethiopie 20” 239-259. Sidahmed, Abdel Salam, and Alsir Sidahmed. 2005. Sudan. New York: Rutledge Curzon. Silverstein, Ken. 2005. “Official Pariah Sudan Valuable to America’s War on Terrorism.” Los Angeles Times, April 29, 2005. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-apr-29fgsudan29-story.html. Simmons, Mark and Peter Dixon. 2006. Peace by Piece: Addressing Sudan's Conflicts. London: Conciliation Resources. Smyth, Frank. 1998. “A New Game: The Clinton Administration on Africa.” World Policy Journal 15 (2): 82-92. Snodgrass, Donald. 2004. “Restoring Economic Functioning in Failed States.” In When States Fail: Causes and Consequences, edited by Robert Rotberg, 256-269. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Stahn, Carsten. 2008. The Law and Practice of International Territorial Administration: Versailles to Iraq and Beyond. New York: Cambridge University Press. State Portal of the Republic of Kosovo, n.d. “Constitution.” Accessed February 7, 2021. https://www.rks-gov.net/EN/f40/republic-of-kosovo/constitution. Sterio, Milena. 2010. “On the Right to External Self-Determination: “Selfistans,” Secession, and the Great Powers’ Rule.” Minnesota Journal oflnt'l Law 19 (1): 137-177. Stewart, Frances and Graham Brown. 2010. Fragile States. Oxford: Center for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity. Stiansen, Endre. 2006. How Important is Religion? The Case of the Sudan Peace Negotia tions. Oslo: International Peace Research Institute. Taylor, Andrew. 2013. State Failure. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Tellnes, Jostein. 2006. “The Unexpected Deal: Oil and the IGAD Process.” In Peace by Piece: Addressing Sudan’s Conflicts, edited by Mark Simmons and Peter Dixon, 38^12. London: Conciliation Resources. The Economist. 1997. “Kosovo on the Brink.” Accessed October 1, 2020. https://www.eco nomist.com/europe/1997/10/30/on-the-brink. Tierney, Stephen. 2011. “The Long Intervention in Kosovo: A Self-Determination Impera tive?” In Kosovo: A Precedent? The Declaration of Independence, the Advisory Opinion and Implicationsfor Statehood, Self- Determination and Minority Rights, edited by James Summers, 249-279. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. Troebst, Stefan. 1999a. “The Kosovo Conflict, 1998.” German Science Foundation 17. Troebst, Stefan. 1999b. “The Kosovo Conflict.” In SIPRI Yearbook 1999: Armaments, Dis armament and International Security, edited by Billie Bielckus et al., 47-61. New York: Oxford University Press. References 205 U.S. Department of State. 2006. “Statement by the Contact Group on the Future of Kosovo.” Accessed January 6, 2021. https://2001-2009.state.gOv/p/eur/rls/or/62459.htm. U.S. Embassy in Sudan, n.d. “U.S. - Sudan Relations.” Accessed May 30, 2020. https://sd. usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/us-sudan-relations/ . Udovicki, Jasminka. 2000. “Kosovo.” In Burn this House: The Making and Unmaking of Yugoslavia, edited by Jasminka Udovicki and James Ridgeway, 314-366. Durham: Duke University Press. UK Parliament. 1999. “Kosovo.” Accessed December 12, 2020. https://publications.parlia ment.uk/pa/cml99899/cmhansrd/vo990323/debtext/90323-06.htm. UN. 1998a. “Security Council Imposes Arms Embargo on Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Pending Action to Resolve Kosovo Crisis.” Accessed December 15, 2020. https://www. un.org/press/en/1998/19980331.SC6496.html. UN. 1998b. “Security Council Demands all Parties End Hostilities and Maintain a Ceasefire in Kosovo.” Accessed December 15, 2020. https://www.un.org/press/en/1998/19980923. sc6577.html. UN. 1999a. “Resolution 1244.” Accessed January 5, 2021. https://digitallibrary.un.org/rec ord/274488?ln=en. UN. 1999b. “Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo.” Accessed January 5, 2021. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/404 967?ln=en. UN. 2002. “Security Council, 57th Year.” Accessed January 6,2021. https://digitallibrary.un. org/record/463260?ln=en. UN. 2005a. “Letter dated 7 October 2005 from the Secretary-General addressed to the Presi dent of the Security Council.” Accessed January 6, 2021. https://www.securitycouncilrep ort.org/un-documents/document/kos-s2005-635.php. UN. 2005b. “Statement by the President of the Security Council.” Accessed January 6, 2021. https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/un-documents/document/kos-sprst-2005-51.php. UN. 2005c. “Letter Dated 10 November 2005 from the President of the Security Council Addressed to the Secretary-General.” Accessed January 6, 2021. https://www.securityc ouncilreport.org/un-documents/document/kos-s2005-709.php. UN. 2006. “Kosovo Special Representative Briefs Security Council on Status Process; Says Progress Continues, but Affected by Uncertainty about Future.” Accessed February 7, 2121 .https ://www.un.org/press/en/2006/sc8827.doc.htm. UN. 2007. “Letter Dated 26 March 2007 from the Secretary-General Addressed to the Pres ident of the Security Council.” Accessed January 6, 2021. https://undocs.Org/en/S/2007/ 168/Add.l. UNMIK. 2000a. “On the Kosovo Joint Interim Administrative Structure.” Accessed Jan uary 15, 2021. https://unmik.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/regulations/02english/E20 00regs/RE2000_01.htm. UNMIK. 2000b. “On the Municipal Elections in Kosovo.” Accessed January 10, 2021. https://unmik.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/regulations/02english/E2000regs/RE2 000_39.htm. UNMIK. 2001. “A Constitutional Framework for Provisional Self-Government in Kosovo.” Accessed January 12, 2021. https://unmik.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/regulations/ 02english/E2001regs/RE2001_09.pdf. 206 References US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. 2012. “Chairman Kerry Statement at Hearing on Sudan.” Accessed May 30, 2020. https://www.foreign.senate.gov/press/chair/release/ chairman-kerry-statement-at-hearing-onsudan-. vanHouten, Pieter. 2010. “Negotiating International Policies on Kosovo.” In Deadlocks in Multilateral Negotiations: Causes and Solutions, edited by Amrita Narlikar, 210-232. New York: Cambridge University Press. Vickers, Miranda. 1998. Between Serb and Albanian: A History of Kosovo. New York: Columbia University Press. Vickers, Miranda. 2001. “Tirana’s Uneasy Role in the Kosovo Crisis, 1998-1999.” In Kosovo: The Politics of Delusion, edited by Michael Waller et.al., 30-36. New York: Routledge. Vioska, Gezim. 2019. “Kosovo: Between Western and Non-Western States.” In The Western Balkans in the World: Linkages and Relations with External Actors, edited by Florian Bieber and Nikolaos Tzifakis. London: Routledge. von Einsiedel, Sebastian. 2005. “Policy Responses to State Failure.” In Making States Work: State Failure and the Crisis of Governance, edited by Simon Chesterman et al., 13-35. New York: United Nations University Press. Vujacic, Veljko. 2016. “Kosovo: A Case Study in the Unintended Consequences of Commu nist Nationality Policy, 1968-1986.” In Kosovo and Serbia: Contested Options and Shared Consequences, edited by Leandrit Mehmeti and Branislav Radeljic, 14-37. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Walliman, Nicholas. 2011. Research Methods: The Basics. New York: Routledge. Warner, Lesley. 2011. “Southern Sudan: Understanding US interests and equities at the end of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.” In Regional Security in the Post-Cold War Horn of Africa, edited by Roba Sharamo and Berouk Mesh, 189-221. Addis Ababa: Institute for Security Studies. Wassara, Samson. 2010. “Rebels, Militias and Governance in Sudan.” In Militias, Rebels and Islamist Militants, edited by Wafula Okumu and Augustine Ikelegbe, 255-286. Tshwane: Institute for Security Studies. Weller, Marc. 2008a. Negotiating the Final Status of Kosovo. Paris: Institute for Security Studies. Weller, Marc. 2008b. “The Vienna Negotiations on the Final Status for Kosovo.” Interna tional Ajfairs 84 (4): 659-681. Weller, Marc. 2008c. “Kosovo’s Final Status.” International Affairs 84 (6): 1223-1243. Wilde, Ralph. 2001. “From Danzig to East Timor and beyond: the Role of International Territorial Administration.” American Journal ofInternational Law95 (3): 583-606. Wilson, Jeremy. 2006. “Law and Order in an Emerging Democracy: Lessons from the Recon struction of Kosovo’s Police and Justice System.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 605 (1): 152-177. Wolff, Stefan. 2003. “The Limits of Non-Military International Intervention: A Case Study of the Kosovo Conflict.” In Understanding the War in Kosovo, edited by Florian Bieber and Zidan Daskalovski, 77-98. London: Frank Cass Publishers. Wondu, Steven and Ann Lesch. 2000. Battle for Peace in Sudan: An Analysis of the Abuja Conferences, 1992-1993. Maryland: University Press of America. References 207 Woodward, Peter. 2006. “Peacemaking in Sudan.” In Ending Africa ’s Wars: Progressing to Peace, edited by Oliver Furley and Roy May, 167-179. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited. Woodward, Peter. 2006. “Peacemaking in Sudan.” In Ending Africa’s Wars: Progressing to Peace, edited by Oliver Furley and Roy May, 177-188. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited. Yannis, Alexandros. 2004. “The UN as Government in Kosovo.” Global Governance 10 (1): 67-81. Yihun, Belete. 2013. “Ethiopia’s Role in South Sudan’s March to Independence, 19551991.” African Studies Quarterly 14 (1, 2): 35-54. Ylonen, Aleksi. 2011. “The Failure of “Making Unity Attractive”: The Uncertain Future of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement Implementation in Sudan.” In Regional Security in the Post-Cold War Horn ofAfrica, edited by Roba Sharamo and Berouk Mesfi, 147-188. Addis Ababa: Institute for Security Studies. Ylonen, Aleksi. 2012. “Limits of ‘Peace through Statebuilding’ in Southern Sudan: Chal lenges to State Legitimacy, Governance and Economic Development during the Compre hensive Peace Agreement Implementation, 2005-2011.” Journal of Conflictology 3 (2): 28-40. Ylonen, Aleksi. 2014. “Security Regionalism and Flaws of Externally Forged Peace in Sudan: The IGAD Peace Process and its Aftermath.” African Journal on Conflict Res olution 14 (2): 13-39. Yoh, John. 2010. “The Road Map Countdown - Dynamics and Implications of Possible Divorce.” In Sudan-No Easy Ways Ahead, edited by Heinrich Boll Foundation, 51-60. Berlin: Heinrich-Boll-Stiftung. Young, John. 2003. “Sudan: Liberation Movements, Regional Armies, Ethnic Militias Peace.” Review ofAfrican Political Economy 30 (97): 423-434. Young, John. 2005. “Sudan: A Flawed Peace Process Leading to a Flawed Peace.” Review ofAfrican Political Economy 32 (103): 99-113. Young, John. 2007a. “Sudan IGAD Peace Process: An Evaluation.” Sudan Tribune. Young, John. 2007b. “Sudan’s Peace Process: Laying the Basis for Future Conflict.” In a Conference on ‘The Current Peace and Security Challenges in the Horn of Africa’, InterAfrica Group and Centre for Policy Research and Dialogue. Young, John. 2012. The Fate of Sudan: The Origins and Consequences of a Flawed Peace Process. London: Zed Books. Young, John. 2019. South Sudan’s Civil War: Violence, Insurgency and Failed Peacemaking. London: Zed Books Ltd. YouTube. 2019. “Kosovo: A Chronology of Genocide.” Accessed August 06, 2021. https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhcT925oKDs t=8767s. Zartman, William, ed. 1995.Collapsed States: The Disintegration and Restoration of Legiti mate Authority. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers. Zdravkovski, Aleksander, and Sabrina Ramet. 2019. “The Proposed Territorial Exchange between Serbia and Kosovo.” Insight Turkey 21 (2): 10-22. Zeitlin, Irving. 1997. Rulers and Ruled: An Introduction to Classical Political Theory from Plato to the Federalists. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Zirojevic, Olga. 2000. “Kosovo in the Collective Memory.” In The Road to War in Serbia: Trauma and Catharsis, edited by Nebojsa Popov, 189-211. Budapest: CEU Press.
any_adam_object	1
any_adam_object_boolean	1
author	Mohammed, Idrees Mousa
author_facet	Mohammed, Idrees Mousa
author_role	aut
author_sort	Mohammed, Idrees Mousa
author_variant	i m m im imm
building	Verbundindex
bvnumber	BV048820238
classification_rvk	MG 91030
ctrlnum	(OCoLC)1374547454 (DE-599)DNB127298978X
discipline	Politologie
discipline_str_mv	Politologie
format	Thesis Book
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>03518nam a22007938c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV048820238</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20231127 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230217s2022 gw m\|\|\| 00\|\|\| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="015" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">22,N47</subfield><subfield code="2">dnb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="016" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">127298978X</subfield><subfield code="2">DE-101</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9783658402839</subfield><subfield code="c">Broschur : circa EUR 90.94 (DE) (freier Preis), circa EUR 93.49 (AT) (freier Preis), circa CHF 100.50 (freier Preis), circa EUR 84.99</subfield><subfield code="9">978-3-658-40283-9</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3658402830</subfield><subfield code="9">3-658-40283-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9783658402839</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="028" ind1="5" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Bestellnummer: 978-3-658-40283-9</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="028" ind1="5" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Bestellnummer: 89219907</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1374547454</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DNB127298978X</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">gw</subfield><subfield code="c">XA-DE-HE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-355</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">MG 91030</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)122872:12037</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">320</subfield><subfield code="2">23sdnb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mohammed, Idrees Mousa</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">The emergence of the state</subfield><subfield code="b">a comparative analysis of Kosovo and South Sudan</subfield><subfield code="c">Idrees Mousa Mohammed</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Wiesbaden</subfield><subfield code="b">Springer VS</subfield><subfield code="c">[2022]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XV, 207 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="c">21 cm x 14.8 cm</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(Re-)konstruktionen - internationale und globale Studien</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Research</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="502" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">Dissertation</subfield><subfield code="c">Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena</subfield><subfield code="d">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Staat</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4056618-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Entstehung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4156614-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">State building</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)7504224-1</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Kosovo</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4032571-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Staat Südsudan</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)7755222-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Statehood</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kosovo</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">South Sudan</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Independence</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">stateness problem</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="655" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4113937-9</subfield><subfield code="a">Hochschulschrift</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd-content</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Kosovo</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4032571-4</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Staat Südsudan</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)7755222-2</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">State building</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)7504224-1</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Kosovo</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4032571-4</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Staat Südsudan</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)7755222-2</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Staat</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4056618-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Entstehung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4156614-2</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="710" ind1="2" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1043386068</subfield><subfield code="4">pbl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">978-3-658-40284-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">X:MVB</subfield><subfield code="q">text/html</subfield><subfield code="u">http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=56fada76cacf48d4acf86cf6ad40301f&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltstext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">X:MVB</subfield><subfield code="u">http://www.springer.com/</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034085973&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034085973&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Literaturverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">BSB_NED_20231127</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034085973</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">vlb</subfield><subfield code="d">20221117</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#vlb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0905</subfield><subfield code="g">62</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0905</subfield><subfield code="g">4975</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0904</subfield><subfield code="g">4975</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
genre	(DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content
genre_facet	Hochschulschrift
geographic	Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 gnd Staat Südsudan (DE-588)7755222-2 gnd
geographic_facet	Kosovo Staat Südsudan
id	DE-604.BV048820238
illustrated	Not Illustrated
index_date	2024-07-03T21:32:53Z
indexdate	2024-07-10T09:46:52Z
institution	BVB
institution_GND	(DE-588)1043386068
isbn	9783658402839 3658402830
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034085973
oclc_num	1374547454
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-12
owner_facet	DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-12
physical	XV, 207 Seiten 21 cm x 14.8 cm
psigel	BSB_NED_20231127
publishDate	2022
publishDateSearch	2022
publishDateSort	2022
publisher	Springer VS
record_format	marc
series2	(Re-)konstruktionen - internationale und globale Studien Research
spelling	Mohammed, Idrees Mousa Verfasser aut The emergence of the state a comparative analysis of Kosovo and South Sudan Idrees Mousa Mohammed Wiesbaden Springer VS [2022] XV, 207 Seiten 21 cm x 14.8 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier (Re-)konstruktionen - internationale und globale Studien Research Dissertation Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena 2022 Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 gnd rswk-swf Entstehung (DE-588)4156614-2 gnd rswk-swf State building (DE-588)7504224-1 gnd rswk-swf Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 gnd rswk-swf Staat Südsudan (DE-588)7755222-2 gnd rswk-swf Statehood Kosovo South Sudan Independence stateness problem (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 g Staat Südsudan (DE-588)7755222-2 g State building (DE-588)7504224-1 s DE-604 Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 s Entstehung (DE-588)4156614-2 s Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden (DE-588)1043386068 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-658-40284-6 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=56fada76cacf48d4acf86cf6ad40301f&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext X:MVB http://www.springer.com/ Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034085973&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034085973&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis 1\p vlb 20221117 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#vlb
spellingShingle	Mohammed, Idrees Mousa The emergence of the state a comparative analysis of Kosovo and South Sudan Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 gnd Entstehung (DE-588)4156614-2 gnd State building (DE-588)7504224-1 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4056618-3 (DE-588)4156614-2 (DE-588)7504224-1 (DE-588)4032571-4 (DE-588)7755222-2 (DE-588)4113937-9
title	The emergence of the state a comparative analysis of Kosovo and South Sudan
title_auth	The emergence of the state a comparative analysis of Kosovo and South Sudan
title_exact_search	The emergence of the state a comparative analysis of Kosovo and South Sudan
title_exact_search_txtP	The emergence of the state a comparative analysis of Kosovo and South Sudan
title_full	The emergence of the state a comparative analysis of Kosovo and South Sudan Idrees Mousa Mohammed
title_fullStr	The emergence of the state a comparative analysis of Kosovo and South Sudan Idrees Mousa Mohammed
title_full_unstemmed	The emergence of the state a comparative analysis of Kosovo and South Sudan Idrees Mousa Mohammed
title_short	The emergence of the state
title_sort	the emergence of the state a comparative analysis of kosovo and south sudan
title_sub	a comparative analysis of Kosovo and South Sudan
topic	Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 gnd Entstehung (DE-588)4156614-2 gnd State building (DE-588)7504224-1 gnd
topic_facet	Staat Entstehung State building Kosovo Staat Südsudan Hochschulschrift
url	http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=56fada76cacf48d4acf86cf6ad40301f&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://www.springer.com/ http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034085973&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034085973&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT mohammedidreesmousa theemergenceofthestateacomparativeanalysisofkosovoandsouthsudan AT springerfachmedienwiesbaden theemergenceofthestateacomparativeanalysisofkosovoandsouthsudan

Holdings

There is no print copy available.

Interlibrary loan Place Request Caution: Not in THWS collection! Description

MARC

Record in the Search Index

There is no print copy available.

Similar Items