We the people: an introduction to American politics
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
W. W. Norton & Company
[2023]
|
| Ausgabe: | 14th essentials edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xxxvi, 503 Seiten, A1 - A147 Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 262 grams |
| ISBN: | 9781324034797 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a We the people |b an introduction to American politics |c Benjamin Ginsberg, Theodore J. Lowi, Margaret Weir, Caroline J. Tolbert, Andrea L. Campbell, Megan Ming Francis, Robert J. Spitzer |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Preface xxiii Acknowledgments xxix About the Authors xxxv PART I FOUNDATIONS 1 Americans and Their Political Values 2 Government 5 Is Government Needed? 5 Different Forms of Government 5 Limiting Government 7 Democracy in the United States 8 Participation in Government Is How People Have a Say in What Happens 8 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Forms of Government 9 Citizenship Is Based on Participation, Knowledge, and Efficacy 11 Who Are Americans? 13 Immigration Has Changed American Identity 13 Who Are Americans in the Twenty-First Century? 14 WHO ARE AMERICANS? An Increasingly Diverse Nation 15 Liberty, Equality, and Justice Are American Political Values 20 Liberty Means Freedom 20 Equality Means Treating People Fairly 21 Justice Is an Unfinished Project 23 HOWTO Debate Respectfully 24 What Americans Think about Government Trust in Government Has Declined 27 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Americans and Their Political Values 29 CONTENTS 27
2 The Founding* and the Constitution зо The First Founding: Interests and Conflicts 33 Native Nations and Colonia! Life 33 British Taxes and Colonial Interests 34 Political Strife Radicalized the Colonists 34 Enslaved Africans and the Colonial Economy 35 The Declaration of Independence Explained Why the Colonists Wanted to Break with Great Britain 36 The European Enlightenment Influenced the Founders 37 The Articles of Confederation Created America s First National Government 38 The Failure of the Articles of Confederation Made the “Second Founding” Necessary 39 Shays’ Rebellion 40 The Constitutional Convention and the Great Compromise 41 The Constitution and Slavery 42 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Were the Framers of the Constitution? 43 The Constitution Created Both Bold Powers and Sharp Limits on Power 47 The Legislative Branch Was Designed to Be the Most Powerful 49 The Executive Branch Created a Brand-New Office 50 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Democratic Systems 51 The Judicial Branch Was a Check on Too Much Democracy 52 National Unity and Power Set the New Constitution Apart from the Old Articles 52 The Constitution Establishes the Process for Amendment and Ratification 53 Constitutional Limits on the National Government’s Power 56 Ratification of the Constitution Was Difficult 59 Federalists and Antifederalists Fought Bitterly over the Wisdom of the New Constitution 59 Compromise Contributed to the Success of the New System 61 WHAT DO YOU THINK? The Constitution 62 CONTENTS xi
3 Federalism 64 Federalism Is Established by the Constitution 67 Political Ramifications of Federalism 68 The Powers of the National Government 69 The Powers of State Government 69 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Federal and Unitary Countries 70 States’ Obligations to One Another 72 Local Government and the Constitution 73 HOWTO Make Your Voice Heard at a Local Meeting 74 National and State Powers Have Shifted over Time 76 Restraining National Power with Dual Federalism 76 How the Supreme Court Responded to Demands for a Larger Federal Role 77 The New Deal: New Roles for Government 79 Cooperative Federalism and the Use of Categorical Grants 79 Regulated Federalism and the Rise of National Standards 81 Federalism Today Is as Important as Ever 83 States Rights 83 State Control over National Policies 84 Federal-State Tensions in Two Issue Areas 86 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Benefits from Federal Spending? 87 State-Local Tensions 89 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Federalism 91 4 Civil Liberties 92 The Bill of Rights Originated with Opponents of the Constitution 95 The Fourteenth Amendment Nationalized the Bill of Rights through Incorporation 96 The First Amendment Guarantees Freedom of Religion 100 Separation between Church and State Free Exercise of Religion 101 100 The First Amendment’s Freedom of Speech and of the Press Ensure the Free Exchange of Ideas юз xii CONTENTS
Political Speech 103 Fighting Words and Hate Speech 104 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Civil Liberties in Global Perspective 105 Student Speech 106 Commercial Speech 107 Symbolic Speech, Speech Plus, and the Rights of Assembly and Petition 107 Freedom of the Press 108 The Second Amendment Protects the Right to Bear Arms 110 Rights of the Criminally Accused Are Based on Due Process of Law 113 The Fourth Amendment and Searches and Seizures 114 The Fifth Amendment 114 The Sixth Amendment and the Right to Counsel 116 The Eighth Amendment and Cruel and Unusual Punishment 117 The Right to Privacy Means the Right to Be Left Alone 119 Eminent Domain 119 Birth Control 119 Abortion 119 Sexual Orientation 120 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Abortion Rights after Dobbs 121 WHAT DO YOUTHINK? Civil Liberties 123 5 Civil Rights 124 What Are Civil Rights, and How Are They Achieved? 127 Defining Civil Rights 127 Achieving Civil Rights 127 Strategies Used by Social· Movements 128 The Civil Rights Movement, 1600s-1960s Slavery and the Abolitionist Movement 131 The Civil War Amendments and Their Aftermath 132 Organizing against Racial Violence 134 The Fight for Education Equality and the Weakening of Jim Crow 134 The Civil Rights Movement after Brown 136 The Civil Rights Acts 137 CONTENTS 131 xiii
Civil Rights Have Been Extended to Other Groups 142 The Women s Rights Movement 142 Latinos 144 Asian Americans 144 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Global Economic Gender Equality 145 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Are America’s Immigrants? 147 Native Americans 148 Disabled Americans 149 LGBTQ Americans 150 Civil Rights Today 152 Affirmative Action 152 Immigration 153 Arab, Middle Eastern, and Muslim Americans 155 The Criminal Justice System 156 The Racial Justice Movement 156 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Civil Rights 159 PART II POLITICS β Public Opinion iso Public Opinion Is Defined by Basic Values and Beliefs 163 Political Values 164 Political Ideology 164 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Are Conservatives? Who Are Liberals? 167 How We Form Political Opinions 170 Political Socialization 170 Social Groups and Public Opinion 172 Political Leaders 176 Political Knowledge 176 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Comparative Trust in Government 177 Public Opinion Can Shape Government Policy 179 Government Responsiveness to Public Opinion 180 Does Everyone’s Opinion Count Equally? 181 Measuring Public Opinion Is Crucial to Understanding It 182 Measuring Public Opinion from Surveys 182 When Polls Are Wrong 184 HOWTO Evaluate a Poll 186 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Public Opinion 189 xiv CONTENTS
7 The Media and Political Information 190 The Media Are Indispensable to American Democracy 193 Key Roles of the Media Journalism 194 The Profit Motive 193 197 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Globa! Freedom of the Press 199 How the Media Shape News and Information 201 There Are Many Sources of Political News Sources of Political News 204 204 How the News Is Delivered 205 The Rise of Media Technology Companies 210 WHO ARE AMERICANS? How Do Americans Get Their Political News? 211 The Quality of Political News 213 What Americans Think of the Media 214 Polarized Information Environments and Media Bias 214 Misinformation 216 HOWTO Evaluate a News Source 218 Government Regulation of the Media 219 Effects on Knowledge and Tolerance WHAT DO YOU THINK? The Media 219 221 8 Political Parties and Interest Groups շշշ What Are Political Parties? 225 Parties and Democracy 226 How Political Parties Form and Change Party Polarization of Congress 227 232 Parties in Elections and Government 234 Recruiting Candidates 234 Party Rules and Organizations Define How Parties Operate 234 Parties Seek to Control Government 235 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Comparing Party Systems 236 Party Identification and Polarization Guide Voters 238 Party Identification Today 239 Who Are Republicans and Democrats? 240 CONTENTS XV
WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Identifies with Which Party? 241 Affective Polarization 243 Minor Parties 244 There Are Many Types of Interest Groups 245 Types of Interest Groups 246 Why Do Interest Groups Form? 248 HOW TO Start an Advocacy Group 250 What Interests Are Not Represented? 252 What Do Interest Groups Do? 253 Interest Groups Influence Congress through Lobbying 254 Using the Courts 257 How Influential Are Interest Groups? 258 Measuring Interest Group Influence 259 Regulating Lobbying 259 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Political Partiesand Interest Groups 260 d Participation, Campaigns, and Elections 262 Who Participates and How? 265 Riots and Protests 265 Political Participation in Elections 266 Online Political Participation 268 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Voter Turnout in Comparison 269 Socioeconomic Status 270 Age 270 Race and Ethnicity 270 Gender 272 Religion 272 State Electoral Laws Regulate Most Voting 273 Registration Requirements 276 Voter Identification Requirements 277 The Ballot 277 HOW TO Register... and Vote 278 Presidential Elections 280 Election Campaigns 282 Campaign Consultants and Volunteers 283 Fundraising 283 Campaign Strategy 284 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Are Presidential Battleground States Representative of the Country? 289 ХѴІ CONTENTS
How Voters Decide 291 Partisan Loyalty 291 Issues and Policy Preferences 291 Candidate Characteristics 292 The 2022 National Elections: A Contest between Two Candidates Not on the Ballot? 292 The Backdrop: A Divided Nation 293 The Campaign 296 The Issues 297 The Results 298 The 2022 Elections and the Future of American Politics 299 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Participation, Campaigns, and Elections 301 part in INSTITUTIONS ю Congress 302 Congress Represents the American People 305 House and Senate: Differences in Representation 305 Trustee versus Delegate Representation 306 Descriptive versus Substantive Representation 307 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Are the Members of Congress? 309 Congressional Elections 311 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Women’s Legislative Representation 313 HOWTO Contact Your Member of Congress 316 Congressional Organization Determines Power 318 Party Leadership 318 The Committee System 319 The Staff System 322 How a Bill Becomes a Law 323 Regular Order 325 Unorthodox Lawmaking 330 Who Influences Congressional Decision-Making? 333 Constituency 334 Interest Groups 334 Party 335 When Congress Has Trouble Deciding 336 Congress Does More Than Make Laws 338 Oversight 338 CONTENTS ХѴІІ
Advice and Consent: Special Senate Powers Impeachment 339 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Congress 11 The Presidency 339 341 342 Presidential Power Is Rooted in the Constitution 345 Expressed Powers 346 Implied Powers 352 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Comparative Constitutional Executive Authority 353 Delegated Powers 354 Inherent Powers 355 Presidents Claim Many Institutional Powers 357 The Cabinet 358 The White House Staff 358 The Executive Office of the President 358 The Vice Presidency 359 The President s Party 360 The First Spouse 360 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Are America’s Presidents? 361 Presidential Power Grew in the Twentieth Century 363 Going Public 363 The Administrative Strategy 365 The Limits of Presidential Power: Checks and Balances 369 WHAT DO YOU THINK? The Presidency 371 12 The Bureaucracy 37a What Is the Federal Bureaucracy? 375 What Bureaucrats Do 375 How the Bureaucracy Is Organized 379 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Bureaucracy in Comparison 380 HOWTO Apply for a Federa! Job 384 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Are Bureaucrats? Who Are Federal Bureaucrats? Populating the Bureaucracy 389 Size of the Bureaucracy 390 Private Contracting 391 xviii CONTENTS 388 387
Managing the Bureaucracy 392 The President as Chief Executive 393 Congressional Control 395 Presidential-Congressional Struggle for Bureaucratic Control: A Case Study 397 Judicial Oversight 398 Whistleblowing 398 Citizen Oversight 399 The Difficulties of Bureaucratic Control 399 WHAT DO YOU THINK? The Bureaucracy 401 13 The Federal Courts 402 The Legal System Settles Disputes 405 Cases and the Law 405 Types of Courts 406 Federal Courts Hear a Small Percentage of All Cases 411 Federal Trial Courts 411 Federal Appellate Courts 412 The Supreme Court 412 Traditional Limitations on the Federal Courts 413 Federal Court Expansion 413 How Judges Are Appointed 414 Democracy and Supreme Court Appointments 417 The Power of the Supreme Court Is Judicial Review 418 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Are Federal Judges? 419 Judicial Review of Acts of Congress 420 Judicial Review of State Actions 420 Judicial Review of Federal Agency Actions 422 Judicial Review and Presidential Power 422 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Courts in Comparison 423 Most Cases Reach the Supreme Court by Appeal 424 Accessing the Court 424 Beyond the Judges: Key Players in the Federal Court Process 427 Lobbying for Access: Interests and the Court 427 The Supreme Court’s Procedures 428 Supreme Court Decisions Are Influenced by Activism and Ideology 432 Influences on Supreme Court Decision-Making 432 WHAT DO YOU THINK? The Federal Courts 437 contents xix
PART IV POLICY 14 Domestic Policy 438 The Government Shapes Economic Policy with Three Tools 441 Fiscal Policies 441 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Global Tax Rates 444 Monetary Policies 445 Regulation and Antitrust Policy 447 Economic Policy Is Inherently Political 449 How Much Should the Government Intervene in the Economy? 449 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Pays the Most in Taxes? 451 The Welfare State Was Created to Address Insecurity 453 Foundations of the Welfare State 454 Social Policies Open Opportunity 458 Education Policies 459 Health Policies 460 Housing Policies 464 Who Gets What from Social Policy? 465 Elderly People 465 The Middle and Upper Classes 466 The Working Poor 466 The Nonworking Poor 468 Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Women, and Children 468 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Domestic Policy 470 15 Foreign Policy 472 The Goals of Foreign Policy 475 Security 475 Economic Prosperity 480 Promoting U.S. Ideals Overseas 481 American Foreign Policy Is Shaped by Government and Nongovernment Actors 483 The President and the Executive Branch AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Foreign Aid in Comparison 485 Congress 488 Interest Groups 490 XX CONTENTS 483
Tools of American Foreign Policy: Diplomacy, Money, and Force 491 Diplomacy 491 The United Nations 492 The International Monetary Structure 492 Economic Aid and Sanctions 493 Collective Security 494 Military Force 494 Soft Power 495 Arbitration 496 Daunting Foreign Policy Issues Face the United States 497 A Powerful China and a Resurgent Russia 497 Nuclear Proliferation in Iran and North Korea 498 Trade Policy 499 Global Environmental Policy 500 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Benefits from International Trade? 501 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Foreign Policy 503 Appendix The Declaration of Independence A1 The Articles of Confederation A5 The Constitution of the United States of America A11 Amendments to the Constitution A21 The Federalist Papers A31 The Anti-Federalist Papers A39 Presidents and Vice Presidents A45 Endnotes A49 Credits A89 Glossary/lndex A93 CONTENTS xxi
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Contents Preface xxiii Acknowledgments xxix About the Authors xxxv PART I FOUNDATIONS 1 Americans and Their Political Values 2 Government 5 Is Government Needed? 5 Different Forms of Government 5 Limiting Government 7 Democracy in the United States 8 Participation in Government Is How People Have a Say in What Happens 8 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Forms of Government 9 Citizenship Is Based on Participation, Knowledge, and Efficacy 11 Who Are Americans? 13 Immigration Has Changed American Identity 13 Who Are Americans in the Twenty-First Century? 14 WHO ARE AMERICANS? An Increasingly Diverse Nation 15 Liberty, Equality, and Justice Are American Political Values 20 Liberty Means Freedom 20 Equality Means Treating People Fairly 21 Justice Is an Unfinished Project 23 HOWTO Debate Respectfully 24 What Americans Think about Government Trust in Government Has Declined 27 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Americans and Their Political Values 29 CONTENTS 27
2 The Founding* and the Constitution зо The First Founding: Interests and Conflicts 33 Native Nations and Colonia! Life 33 British Taxes and Colonial Interests 34 Political Strife Radicalized the Colonists 34 Enslaved Africans and the Colonial Economy 35 The Declaration of Independence Explained Why the Colonists Wanted to Break with Great Britain 36 The European Enlightenment Influenced the Founders 37 The Articles of Confederation Created America's First National Government 38 The Failure of the Articles of Confederation Made the “Second Founding” Necessary 39 Shays’ Rebellion 40 The Constitutional Convention and the Great Compromise 41 The Constitution and Slavery 42 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Were the Framers of the Constitution? 43 The Constitution Created Both Bold Powers and Sharp Limits on Power 47 The Legislative Branch Was Designed to Be the Most Powerful 49 The Executive Branch Created a Brand-New Office 50 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Democratic Systems 51 The Judicial Branch Was a Check on Too Much Democracy 52 National Unity and Power Set the New Constitution Apart from the Old Articles 52 The Constitution Establishes the Process for Amendment and Ratification 53 Constitutional Limits on the National Government’s Power 56 Ratification of the Constitution Was Difficult 59 Federalists and Antifederalists Fought Bitterly over the Wisdom of the New Constitution 59 Compromise Contributed to the Success of the New System 61 WHAT DO YOU THINK? The Constitution 62 CONTENTS xi
3 Federalism 64 Federalism Is Established by the Constitution 67 Political Ramifications of Federalism 68 The Powers of the National Government 69 The Powers of State Government 69 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Federal and Unitary Countries 70 States’ Obligations to One Another 72 Local Government and the Constitution 73 HOWTO Make Your Voice Heard at a Local Meeting 74 National and State Powers Have Shifted over Time 76 Restraining National Power with Dual Federalism 76 How the Supreme Court Responded to Demands for a Larger Federal Role 77 The New Deal: New Roles for Government 79 Cooperative Federalism and the Use of Categorical Grants 79 Regulated Federalism and the Rise of National Standards 81 Federalism Today Is as Important as Ever 83 States' Rights 83 State Control over National Policies 84 Federal-State Tensions in Two Issue Areas 86 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Benefits from Federal Spending? 87 State-Local Tensions 89 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Federalism 91 4 Civil Liberties 92 The Bill of Rights Originated with Opponents of the Constitution 95 The Fourteenth Amendment Nationalized the Bill of Rights through Incorporation 96 The First Amendment Guarantees Freedom of Religion 100 Separation between Church and State Free Exercise of Religion 101 100 The First Amendment’s Freedom of Speech and of the Press Ensure the Free Exchange of Ideas юз xii CONTENTS
Political Speech 103 Fighting Words and Hate Speech 104 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Civil Liberties in Global Perspective 105 Student Speech 106 Commercial Speech 107 Symbolic Speech, Speech Plus, and the Rights of Assembly and Petition 107 Freedom of the Press 108 The Second Amendment Protects the Right to Bear Arms 110 Rights of the Criminally Accused Are Based on Due Process of Law 113 The Fourth Amendment and Searches and Seizures 114 The Fifth Amendment 114 The Sixth Amendment and the Right to Counsel 116 The Eighth Amendment and Cruel and Unusual Punishment 117 The Right to Privacy Means the Right to Be Left Alone 119 Eminent Domain 119 Birth Control 119 Abortion 119 Sexual Orientation 120 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Abortion Rights after Dobbs 121 WHAT DO YOUTHINK? Civil Liberties 123 5 Civil Rights 124 What Are Civil Rights, and How Are They Achieved? 127 Defining Civil Rights 127 Achieving Civil Rights 127 Strategies Used by Social· Movements 128 The Civil Rights Movement, 1600s-1960s Slavery and the Abolitionist Movement 131 The Civil War Amendments and Their Aftermath 132 Organizing against Racial Violence 134 The Fight for Education Equality and the Weakening of Jim Crow 134 The Civil Rights Movement after Brown 136 The Civil Rights Acts 137 CONTENTS 131 xiii
Civil Rights Have Been Extended to Other Groups 142 The Women's Rights Movement 142 Latinos 144 Asian Americans 144 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Global Economic Gender Equality 145 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Are America’s Immigrants? 147 Native Americans 148 Disabled Americans 149 LGBTQ Americans 150 Civil Rights Today 152 Affirmative Action 152 Immigration 153 Arab, Middle Eastern, and Muslim Americans 155 The Criminal Justice System 156 The Racial Justice Movement 156 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Civil Rights 159 PART II POLITICS β Public Opinion iso Public Opinion Is Defined by Basic Values and Beliefs 163 Political Values 164 Political Ideology 164 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Are Conservatives? Who Are Liberals? 167 How We Form Political Opinions 170 Political Socialization 170 Social Groups and Public Opinion 172 Political Leaders 176 Political Knowledge 176 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Comparative Trust in Government 177 Public Opinion Can Shape Government Policy 179 Government Responsiveness to Public Opinion 180 Does Everyone’s Opinion Count Equally? 181 Measuring Public Opinion Is Crucial to Understanding It 182 Measuring Public Opinion from Surveys 182 When Polls Are Wrong 184 HOWTO Evaluate a Poll 186 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Public Opinion 189 xiv CONTENTS
7 The Media and Political Information 190 The Media Are Indispensable to American Democracy 193 Key Roles of the Media Journalism 194 The Profit Motive 193 197 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Globa! Freedom of the Press 199 How the Media Shape News and Information 201 There Are Many Sources of Political News Sources of Political News 204 204 How the News Is Delivered 205 The Rise of Media Technology Companies 210 WHO ARE AMERICANS? How Do Americans Get Their Political News? 211 The Quality of Political News 213 What Americans Think of the Media 214 Polarized Information Environments and Media Bias 214 Misinformation 216 HOWTO Evaluate a News Source 218 Government Regulation of the Media 219 Effects on Knowledge and Tolerance WHAT DO YOU THINK? The Media 219 221 8 Political Parties and Interest Groups շշշ What Are Political Parties? 225 Parties and Democracy 226 How Political Parties Form and Change Party Polarization of Congress 227 232 Parties in Elections and Government 234 Recruiting Candidates 234 Party Rules and Organizations Define How Parties Operate 234 Parties Seek to Control Government 235 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Comparing Party Systems 236 Party Identification and Polarization Guide Voters 238 Party Identification Today 239 Who Are Republicans and Democrats? 240 CONTENTS XV
WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Identifies with Which Party? 241 Affective Polarization 243 Minor Parties 244 There Are Many Types of Interest Groups 245 Types of Interest Groups 246 Why Do Interest Groups Form? 248 HOW TO Start an Advocacy Group 250 What Interests Are Not Represented? 252 What Do Interest Groups Do? 253 Interest Groups Influence Congress through Lobbying 254 Using the Courts 257 How Influential Are Interest Groups? 258 Measuring Interest Group Influence 259 Regulating Lobbying 259 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Political Partiesand Interest Groups 260 d Participation, Campaigns, and Elections 262 Who Participates and How? 265 Riots and Protests 265 Political Participation in Elections 266 Online Political Participation 268 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Voter Turnout in Comparison 269 Socioeconomic Status 270 Age 270 Race and Ethnicity 270 Gender 272 Religion 272 State Electoral Laws Regulate Most Voting 273 Registration Requirements 276 Voter Identification Requirements 277 The Ballot 277 HOW TO Register. and Vote 278 Presidential Elections 280 Election Campaigns 282 Campaign Consultants and Volunteers 283 Fundraising 283 Campaign Strategy 284 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Are Presidential Battleground States Representative of the Country? 289 ХѴІ CONTENTS
How Voters Decide 291 Partisan Loyalty 291 Issues and Policy Preferences 291 Candidate Characteristics 292 The 2022 National Elections: A Contest between Two Candidates Not on the Ballot? 292 The Backdrop: A Divided Nation 293 The Campaign 296 The Issues 297 The Results 298 The 2022 Elections and the Future of American Politics 299 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Participation, Campaigns, and Elections 301 part in INSTITUTIONS ю Congress 302 Congress Represents the American People 305 House and Senate: Differences in Representation 305 Trustee versus Delegate Representation 306 Descriptive versus Substantive Representation 307 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Are the Members of Congress? 309 Congressional Elections 311 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Women’s Legislative Representation 313 HOWTO Contact Your Member of Congress 316 Congressional Organization Determines Power 318 Party Leadership 318 The Committee System 319 The Staff System 322 How a Bill Becomes a Law 323 Regular Order 325 Unorthodox Lawmaking 330 Who Influences Congressional Decision-Making? 333 Constituency 334 Interest Groups 334 Party 335 When Congress Has Trouble Deciding 336 Congress Does More Than Make Laws 338 Oversight 338 CONTENTS ХѴІІ
Advice and Consent: Special Senate Powers Impeachment 339 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Congress 11 The Presidency 339 341 342 Presidential Power Is Rooted in the Constitution 345 Expressed Powers 346 Implied Powers 352 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Comparative Constitutional Executive Authority 353 Delegated Powers 354 Inherent Powers 355 Presidents Claim Many Institutional Powers 357 The Cabinet 358 The White House Staff 358 The Executive Office of the President 358 The Vice Presidency 359 The President's Party 360 The First Spouse 360 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Are America’s Presidents? 361 Presidential Power Grew in the Twentieth Century 363 Going Public 363 The Administrative Strategy 365 The Limits of Presidential Power: Checks and Balances 369 WHAT DO YOU THINK? The Presidency 371 12 The Bureaucracy 37a What Is the Federal Bureaucracy? 375 What Bureaucrats Do 375 How the Bureaucracy Is Organized 379 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Bureaucracy in Comparison 380 HOWTO Apply for a Federa! Job 384 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Are Bureaucrats? Who Are Federal Bureaucrats? Populating the Bureaucracy 389 Size of the Bureaucracy 390 Private Contracting 391 xviii CONTENTS 388 387
Managing the Bureaucracy 392 The President as Chief Executive 393 Congressional Control 395 Presidential-Congressional Struggle for Bureaucratic Control: A Case Study 397 Judicial Oversight 398 Whistleblowing 398 Citizen Oversight 399 The Difficulties of Bureaucratic Control 399 WHAT DO YOU THINK? The Bureaucracy 401 13 The Federal Courts 402 The Legal System Settles Disputes 405 Cases and the Law 405 Types of Courts 406 Federal Courts Hear a Small Percentage of All Cases 411 Federal Trial Courts 411 Federal Appellate Courts 412 The Supreme Court 412 Traditional Limitations on the Federal Courts 413 Federal Court Expansion 413 How Judges Are Appointed 414 Democracy and Supreme Court Appointments 417 The Power of the Supreme Court Is Judicial Review 418 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Are Federal Judges? 419 Judicial Review of Acts of Congress 420 Judicial Review of State Actions 420 Judicial Review of Federal Agency Actions 422 Judicial Review and Presidential Power 422 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Courts in Comparison 423 Most Cases Reach the Supreme Court by Appeal 424 Accessing the Court 424 Beyond the Judges: Key Players in the Federal Court Process 427 Lobbying for Access: Interests and the Court 427 The Supreme Court’s Procedures 428 Supreme Court Decisions Are Influenced by Activism and Ideology 432 Influences on Supreme Court Decision-Making 432 WHAT DO YOU THINK? The Federal Courts 437 contents xix
PART IV POLICY 14 Domestic Policy 438 The Government Shapes Economic Policy with Three Tools 441 Fiscal Policies 441 AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Global Tax Rates 444 Monetary Policies 445 Regulation and Antitrust Policy 447 Economic Policy Is Inherently Political 449 How Much Should the Government Intervene in the Economy? 449 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Pays the Most in Taxes? 451 The Welfare State Was Created to Address Insecurity 453 Foundations of the Welfare State 454 Social Policies Open Opportunity 458 Education Policies 459 Health Policies 460 Housing Policies 464 Who Gets What from Social Policy? 465 Elderly People 465 The Middle and Upper Classes 466 The Working Poor 466 The Nonworking Poor 468 Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Women, and Children 468 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Domestic Policy 470 15 Foreign Policy 472 The Goals of Foreign Policy 475 Security 475 Economic Prosperity 480 Promoting U.S. Ideals Overseas 481 American Foreign Policy Is Shaped by Government and Nongovernment Actors 483 The President and the Executive Branch AMERICA SIDE BY SIDE Foreign Aid in Comparison 485 Congress 488 Interest Groups 490 XX CONTENTS 483
Tools of American Foreign Policy: Diplomacy, Money, and Force 491 Diplomacy 491 The United Nations 492 The International Monetary Structure 492 Economic Aid and Sanctions 493 Collective Security 494 Military Force 494 Soft Power 495 Arbitration 496 Daunting Foreign Policy Issues Face the United States 497 A Powerful China and a Resurgent Russia 497 Nuclear Proliferation in Iran and North Korea 498 Trade Policy 499 Global Environmental Policy 500 WHO ARE AMERICANS? Who Benefits from International Trade? 501 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Foreign Policy 503 Appendix The Declaration of Independence A1 The Articles of Confederation A5 The Constitution of the United States of America A11 Amendments to the Constitution A21 The Federalist Papers A31 The Anti-Federalist Papers A39 Presidents and Vice Presidents A45 Endnotes A49 Credits A89 Glossary/lndex A93 CONTENTS xxi |
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| author | Ginsberg, Benjamin 1947- Lowi, Theodore J. 1931-2017 Weir, Margaret 1952- Tolbert, Caroline J. 1966- Campbell, Andrea Louise 1966- Francis, Megan Ming 1981- Spitzer, Robert J. 1953- |
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| author_facet | Ginsberg, Benjamin 1947- Lowi, Theodore J. 1931-2017 Weir, Margaret 1952- Tolbert, Caroline J. 1966- Campbell, Andrea Louise 1966- Francis, Megan Ming 1981- Spitzer, Robert J. 1953- |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1376410601 (DE-599)BVBBV048801441 |
| discipline | Politologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Politologie |
| edition | 14th essentials edition |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Einführung |
| geographic | USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | USA |
| id | DE-604.BV048801441 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:27:53Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:46:18Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781324034797 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034067559 |
| oclc_num | 1376410601 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| physical | xxxvi, 503 Seiten, A1 - A147 Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 262 grams |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | W. W. Norton & Company |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Ginsberg, Benjamin 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)133187438 aut We the people an introduction to American politics Benjamin Ginsberg, Theodore J. Lowi, Margaret Weir, Caroline J. Tolbert, Andrea L. Campbell, Megan Ming Francis, Robert J. Spitzer 14th essentials edition New York W. W. Norton & Company [2023] © 2023 xxxvi, 503 Seiten, A1 - A147 Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 262 grams txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier bisacsh / POLITICAL SCIENCE / American Government / General bisacsh / POLITICAL SCIENCE / Constitutions Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 s DE-604 Lowi, Theodore J. 1931-2017 Verfasser (DE-588)170149900 aut Weir, Margaret 1952- Verfasser (DE-588)14372648X aut Tolbert, Caroline J. 1966- Verfasser (DE-588)139735151 aut Campbell, Andrea Louise 1966- Verfasser (DE-588)17366430X aut Francis, Megan Ming 1981- Verfasser (DE-588)1053638221 aut Spitzer, Robert J. 1953- Verfasser (DE-588)1074851455 aut Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034067559&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ginsberg, Benjamin 1947- Lowi, Theodore J. 1931-2017 Weir, Margaret 1952- Tolbert, Caroline J. 1966- Campbell, Andrea Louise 1966- Francis, Megan Ming 1981- Spitzer, Robert J. 1953- We the people an introduction to American politics bisacsh / POLITICAL SCIENCE / American Government / General bisacsh / POLITICAL SCIENCE / Constitutions Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046584-6 (DE-588)4078704-7 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | We the people an introduction to American politics |
| title_auth | We the people an introduction to American politics |
| title_exact_search | We the people an introduction to American politics |
| title_exact_search_txtP | We the people an introduction to American politics |
| title_full | We the people an introduction to American politics Benjamin Ginsberg, Theodore J. Lowi, Margaret Weir, Caroline J. Tolbert, Andrea L. Campbell, Megan Ming Francis, Robert J. Spitzer |
| title_fullStr | We the people an introduction to American politics Benjamin Ginsberg, Theodore J. Lowi, Margaret Weir, Caroline J. Tolbert, Andrea L. Campbell, Megan Ming Francis, Robert J. Spitzer |
| title_full_unstemmed | We the people an introduction to American politics Benjamin Ginsberg, Theodore J. Lowi, Margaret Weir, Caroline J. Tolbert, Andrea L. Campbell, Megan Ming Francis, Robert J. Spitzer |
| title_short | We the people |
| title_sort | we the people an introduction to american politics |
| title_sub | an introduction to American politics |
| topic | bisacsh / POLITICAL SCIENCE / American Government / General bisacsh / POLITICAL SCIENCE / Constitutions Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | bisacsh / POLITICAL SCIENCE / American Government / General bisacsh / POLITICAL SCIENCE / Constitutions Politisches System USA Einführung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034067559&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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