Early christianity in Athens, Attica, and adjacent areas: from Paul to Justinian I (1st-6th cent. AD)
"This volume focuses on Christianity in Attica and its metropolis, Athens, from Paul's initial visit in the first century up to the closing of the philosophical schools under the reign of Justinian I in the sixth century. Underscoring the relevance of epigraphic resources and the importanc...
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Leiden ; Boston
Brill
[2023]
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Ancient judaism and early christianity
volume 114 Early christianity in Greece volume 1 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | "This volume focuses on Christianity in Attica and its metropolis, Athens, from Paul's initial visit in the first century up to the closing of the philosophical schools under the reign of Justinian I in the sixth century. Underscoring the relevance of epigraphic resources and the importance of methodological sophistication in analysing especially archaeological evidence, it readdresses many questions on the basis of a larger body of evidence and aims to combine literary, epigraphic, and archaeological evidence in order to create the outlines of a narrative of the rise and development of Christianity in the area. It is the first interdisciplinary study on the local history of Christianity in the area"-- |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 599 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Pläne |
| ISBN: | 9789004509603 |
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Contents Preface хні List of Figures Abbreviations i xv xxiii Introduction: The Christianization of Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas from Paul to the End of the Reign ofJustinian I (527-565) 1 1 Previous Research on the Christianization of Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas 4 1.1 The Initial Research about the Beginnings of Christianity in Athens 4 1.2 Athenian Christianity until Late Antiquity: Alison Frantz and Frank R. Trombley 5 1.3 Recent Studies Drawing on Epigraphy and Archaeology 7 2 Literary Sources for the Study of Christianity in Athens 10 2.1 1 Thess 3:1 and Acts 17:15-18:1; 20:2 10 2.2 The Athenian Apologists 13 2.3 Other Literary References to Christianity in Athens and Attica 19 2.4 The Bishops ofAthens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas 20 3 Christian Inscriptions from Athens, Attica, and Adj acent Areas 21 3.1 Introduction 21 3.2 Identifying Christian Inscriptions 22 3.3 Classifying, Dating, and Locating Christian Inscriptionsfrom Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas 23 4 Archaeological Evidence on Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas 24 4.1 Introduction 24 4.2 Research History: Excavating the Evidence 27 4.3 Research History: Discussing the Evidence 32 5 Setting Limits and Crossing Boundaries 37 2 Stability and Crisis in Athens and Attica from Paul’s Visit to the End of Justinian’s Rule (a Geographical and Historical Overview) 40 1 The Physical Environment: Introduction 40 2 Geographical Overview 40 2.1 Mountains 43 2.2 Plains 46 2.3 Seacoast 50 2.4 Rivers 52
VIII 3 4 5 CONTENTS Population and Settlement 53 3.1 Population 53 3.2 Settlement 55 Administration 60 4.1 General 60 4.2 The Late Antique Poleis or civitates according to the Synecdemus 61 4.3 Relevance of the Status ofa Polis with Ecclesiastical Administration 63 Historical Outline of Attica between the First and the Sixth Centuries 65 5.1 The First and Second Centuries 65 5.2 The Third Century 66 5.3 The Fourth Century 68 5.4 The Fifth Century 71 5.5 The Sixth Century 74 3 Christianity and Philosophy in Polytheistic Athens, Attica, and Adj acent Areas 76 1 Introduction 76 2 Luke’s Paul and Athenian Polytheism 78 2.1 The Lukan Paul before the Areopagus {Acts 77) 78 2.2 Polytheism in Roman Athens 84 3 Second-Century Christian Apologists 88 3.1 The Sacred City-Scape in Second-Century Athens 88 3.2 Aristides ofAthens 95 3.3 Athenagoras 102 3.4 Summary 110 4 Religion in Athens in the Third and Fourth Centuries ոշ 4.1 The Third Century 112 4.2 The Fourth Century ny 5 Christian Theologians and Athenian Paideia in the Fourth Century 123 5.1 Prohaeresius versus Himerius 123 5.2 Gregory ofNazianzus and Basil of Caesarea 133 5.3 Diodore of Tarsus andJohn Chrysostom 138 5.4 Summary 142
CONTENTS 5 7 IX Christianity and the City of Athena: From the Late Fourth until the Mid-Sixth Century 143 6.1 Christian Emperors Encroaching on Polytheistic Athens 143 6.2 The ‘Religious Turn’ of the Neoplatonic School in Athens 149 6.3 When the Sad End Is Not the Said End 156 Conclusion 160 4 The Expansion of Christianity: Archaeological Evidence 163 1 Introduction 163 2 The Transformation of Cultic Spaces 164 2.1 The Lasting Use ofPagan Temples and Sanctuaries 164 2.2 Natural Cultic Locations in Attica 168 2.3 IndicationsforJewish Presence andJewish Cult 173 2.4 The enkainion as the raison d’être ofa Church 174 2.5 Christian Cult Spaces in the Urban Zone (asty) 174 2.6 Christian Cultic Spaces in Minor Towns and the Countryside 185 3 The Transformation of Burial Spaces 199 3.1 The Topography ofAthenian Cemeteries 199 3.2 The Topography of Cemeteries in Attica and Adjacent Areas 202 3.3 Construction of Graves 205 3.4 Corporeal Treatment 209 3.5 Multiple Burial 211 3.6 Objects Found in Graves 212 3,7 Any Privileged Burials? 216 3.8 The Transformation ofBurial Practices 218 3.9 Conclusions: Tradition and Transformation in Burial Practice 226 5 Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas: A Survey of the Epigraphic Evidence 233 1 Introduction to the Christian Inscriptions of Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas 233 2 Christian Identity Markers 238 3 Persons Identified as Christian by Inscriptions on Monuments from Athens and Surroundings 243 3.1 Introduction 243 3.2 Names as Markers ofPersonal Identity 245 3.3 Toponyms and Ethnonyms 262 3.4 Summary 263
x CONTENTS 4 5 6 7 Persons Identified as Christian by Inscriptions on Locatable Monuments from the Territory of Athens 264 Persons Identified as Christian by Inscriptions on Monuments from Piraeus 266 Attic Christianity beyond Athens 268 6.1 Introduction 268 6.2 Eleusis: The New Saviour 268 6.3 Monuments toward Lavrion 272 6.4 Monumentsfrom the Attic Mesogeia Plain 274 6.5 Liturgical Formula on the Graves in the Basilica on Amygdaleza Hill (Starnata) 282 Christianity in Areas Adjacent to Attica 283 7.1 The Megarid 283 7.2 The Islands 287 6 Aspects of Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas 292 1 Introduction 292 2 Gender and Family Relations 294 3 Occupations and Social Status 296 3.1 Occupations 296 3.2 Social Status and Authority 298 4 Churches as Loci 300 4.1 Churches as Locations 300 4.2 Churches as Buildings 302 4.3 By Whom Was Church Construction Funded? 303 4.4 Control ofAgricultural Surplus by the Church? 304 4.5 Evidencefor Monastic Life 305 5 Churches as Organized Institution 306 5.1 Belonging to the Church, Serving the Lord 306 5.2 Clergy 308 5.3 Martyrs 3u 6 The Role of the Bible and Theology in Inscriptions 312 6.1 Introduction 312 6.2 Inscribed Theology 313 6.3 Biblical Allusions in Liturgical Texts 317 6.4 Keeping Grave Desecrators at Bay: Formulas ofImprecation 7 Religious Violence 323 8 Organization of Cemeteries 326 8.1 Who Administered Burial Spaces? 326 8.2 Purchase ofa Tomb 328 320
XI CONTENTS 9 ю Christian Hope for Life after Death 329 Changing the Religious Landscape 332 10.1 The Once Polytheistic City under the Ruie of Christian Emperors 332 10.2 Consolidating Worship at Various Locations 10.3 Dissolving Cults, Absorbing Functions 338 334 7 Résumé: Expansion of Early Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas 342 1 A Summary of the Contents 343 2 An Exemplary Résumé of the Characteristics of Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Regions 345 2.1 From the Perspective ofArchaeology 345 2.2 From the Perspective ofEpigraphy 347 3 Factors Determining the Rise of Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Regions 352 3.1 Introduction 352 3.2 Intellectual Factors: Athenian Philosophical and Christianity’s Biblical Traditions 353 3.3 Religious Factors: Athenian Polytheism and the Triune Christian Creator God 356 3.4 Social Factors Impeding Christianity’s Spread, in Athens and Attica 361 3.5 Economic Factors: Early Christian Settlements and the Harbours ofAttica 363 3.6 Ecclesiastical Factors: Churches within an Attic and Achaean Network 363 4 Conclusion 364 Appendix: Catalogues Catalogue A: Early Christian Churches in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas 369 Part i : The Urban Zone of Athens Ilasty) 369 Part 11 : Minor Towns and the Rural Countryside 434 Part in: Adjacent Areas 481 The Megarid 481 Aigina 484 Salamis 488
XII Catalogue В: Late Antique Cemeteries of Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas 489 Part i: The Urban Zone of Athens (asty) 489 Cemeteries outside the Valerianic City Wall 489 Cemeteries inside the Valerianic City Wall 501 Part 11: Attica and Adjacent Areas 506 Bibliography 512 Concordance of Inscriptions 562 Index of Ancient Sources 565 Index of Personal Names 582 Index of Places 585 Index of Buildings and Monuments 589 Index of Selected Subjects and Persons 591 CONTENTS |
| adam_txt |
Contents Preface хні List of Figures Abbreviations i xv xxiii Introduction: The Christianization of Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas from Paul to the End of the Reign ofJustinian I (527-565) 1 1 Previous Research on the Christianization of Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas 4 1.1 The Initial Research about the Beginnings of Christianity in Athens 4 1.2 Athenian Christianity until Late Antiquity: Alison Frantz and Frank R. Trombley 5 1.3 Recent Studies Drawing on Epigraphy and Archaeology 7 2 Literary Sources for the Study of Christianity in Athens 10 2.1 1 Thess 3:1 and Acts 17:15-18:1; 20:2 10 2.2 The Athenian Apologists 13 2.3 Other Literary References to Christianity in Athens and Attica 19 2.4 The Bishops ofAthens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas 20 3 Christian Inscriptions from Athens, Attica, and Adj acent Areas 21 3.1 Introduction 21 3.2 Identifying Christian Inscriptions 22 3.3 Classifying, Dating, and Locating Christian Inscriptionsfrom Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas 23 4 Archaeological Evidence on Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas 24 4.1 Introduction 24 4.2 Research History: Excavating the Evidence 27 4.3 Research History: Discussing the Evidence 32 5 Setting Limits and Crossing Boundaries 37 2 Stability and Crisis in Athens and Attica from Paul’s Visit to the End of Justinian’s Rule (a Geographical and Historical Overview) 40 1 The Physical Environment: Introduction 40 2 Geographical Overview 40 2.1 Mountains 43 2.2 Plains 46 2.3 Seacoast 50 2.4 Rivers 52
VIII 3 4 5 CONTENTS Population and Settlement 53 3.1 Population 53 3.2 Settlement 55 Administration 60 4.1 General 60 4.2 The Late Antique Poleis or civitates according to the Synecdemus 61 4.3 Relevance of the Status ofa Polis with Ecclesiastical Administration 63 Historical Outline of Attica between the First and the Sixth Centuries 65 5.1 The First and Second Centuries 65 5.2 The Third Century 66 5.3 The Fourth Century 68 5.4 The Fifth Century 71 5.5 The Sixth Century 74 3 Christianity and Philosophy in Polytheistic Athens, Attica, and Adj acent Areas 76 1 Introduction 76 2 Luke’s Paul and Athenian Polytheism 78 2.1 The Lukan Paul before the Areopagus {Acts 77) 78 2.2 Polytheism in Roman Athens 84 3 Second-Century Christian Apologists 88 3.1 The Sacred City-Scape in Second-Century Athens 88 3.2 Aristides ofAthens 95 3.3 Athenagoras 102 3.4 Summary 110 4 Religion in Athens in the Third and Fourth Centuries ոշ 4.1 The Third Century 112 4.2 The Fourth Century ny 5 Christian Theologians and Athenian Paideia in the Fourth Century 123 5.1 Prohaeresius versus Himerius 123 5.2 Gregory ofNazianzus and Basil of Caesarea 133 5.3 Diodore of Tarsus andJohn Chrysostom 138 5.4 Summary 142
CONTENTS 5 7 IX Christianity and the City of Athena: From the Late Fourth until the Mid-Sixth Century 143 6.1 Christian Emperors Encroaching on Polytheistic Athens 143 6.2 The ‘Religious Turn’ of the Neoplatonic School in Athens 149 6.3 When the Sad End Is Not the Said End 156 Conclusion 160 4 The Expansion of Christianity: Archaeological Evidence 163 1 Introduction 163 2 The Transformation of Cultic Spaces 164 2.1 The Lasting Use ofPagan Temples and Sanctuaries 164 2.2 Natural Cultic Locations in Attica 168 2.3 IndicationsforJewish Presence andJewish Cult 173 2.4 The enkainion as the raison d’être ofa Church 174 2.5 Christian Cult Spaces in the Urban Zone (asty) 174 2.6 Christian Cultic Spaces in Minor Towns and the Countryside 185 3 The Transformation of Burial Spaces 199 3.1 The Topography ofAthenian Cemeteries 199 3.2 The Topography of Cemeteries in Attica and Adjacent Areas 202 3.3 Construction of Graves 205 3.4 Corporeal Treatment 209 3.5 Multiple Burial 211 3.6 Objects Found in Graves 212 3,7 Any Privileged Burials? 216 3.8 The Transformation ofBurial Practices 218 3.9 Conclusions: Tradition and Transformation in Burial Practice 226 5 Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas: A Survey of the Epigraphic Evidence 233 1 Introduction to the Christian Inscriptions of Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas 233 2 Christian Identity Markers 238 3 Persons Identified as Christian by Inscriptions on Monuments from Athens and Surroundings 243 3.1 Introduction 243 3.2 Names as Markers ofPersonal Identity 245 3.3 Toponyms and Ethnonyms 262 3.4 Summary 263
x CONTENTS 4 5 6 7 Persons Identified as Christian by Inscriptions on Locatable Monuments from the Territory of Athens 264 Persons Identified as Christian by Inscriptions on Monuments from Piraeus 266 Attic Christianity beyond Athens 268 6.1 Introduction 268 6.2 Eleusis: The New Saviour 268 6.3 Monuments toward Lavrion 272 6.4 Monumentsfrom the Attic Mesogeia Plain 274 6.5 Liturgical Formula on the Graves in the Basilica on Amygdaleza Hill (Starnata) 282 Christianity in Areas Adjacent to Attica 283 7.1 The Megarid 283 7.2 The Islands 287 6 Aspects of Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas 292 1 Introduction 292 2 Gender and Family Relations 294 3 Occupations and Social Status 296 3.1 Occupations 296 3.2 Social Status and Authority 298 4 Churches as Loci 300 4.1 Churches as Locations 300 4.2 Churches as Buildings 302 4.3 By Whom Was Church Construction Funded? 303 4.4 Control ofAgricultural Surplus by the Church? 304 4.5 Evidencefor Monastic Life 305 5 Churches as Organized Institution 306 5.1 Belonging to the Church, Serving the Lord 306 5.2 Clergy 308 5.3 Martyrs 3u 6 The Role of the Bible and Theology in Inscriptions 312 6.1 Introduction 312 6.2 Inscribed Theology 313 6.3 Biblical Allusions in Liturgical Texts 317 6.4 Keeping Grave Desecrators at Bay: Formulas ofImprecation 7 Religious Violence 323 8 Organization of Cemeteries 326 8.1 Who Administered Burial Spaces? 326 8.2 Purchase ofa Tomb 328 320
XI CONTENTS 9 ю Christian Hope for Life after Death 329 Changing the Religious Landscape 332 10.1 The Once Polytheistic City under the Ruie of Christian Emperors 332 10.2 Consolidating Worship at Various Locations 10.3 Dissolving Cults, Absorbing Functions 338 334 7 Résumé: Expansion of Early Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas 342 1 A Summary of the Contents 343 2 An Exemplary Résumé of the Characteristics of Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Regions 345 2.1 From the Perspective ofArchaeology 345 2.2 From the Perspective ofEpigraphy 347 3 Factors Determining the Rise of Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Regions 352 3.1 Introduction 352 3.2 Intellectual Factors: Athenian Philosophical and Christianity’s Biblical Traditions 353 3.3 Religious Factors: Athenian Polytheism and the Triune Christian Creator God 356 3.4 Social Factors Impeding Christianity’s Spread, in Athens and Attica 361 3.5 Economic Factors: Early Christian Settlements and the Harbours ofAttica 363 3.6 Ecclesiastical Factors: Churches within an Attic and Achaean Network 363 4 Conclusion 364 Appendix: Catalogues Catalogue A: Early Christian Churches in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas 369 Part i : The Urban Zone of Athens Ilasty) 369 Part 11 : Minor Towns and the Rural Countryside 434 Part in: Adjacent Areas 481 The Megarid 481 Aigina 484 Salamis 488
XII Catalogue В: Late Antique Cemeteries of Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas 489 Part i: The Urban Zone of Athens (asty) 489 Cemeteries outside the Valerianic City Wall 489 Cemeteries inside the Valerianic City Wall 501 Part 11: Attica and Adjacent Areas 506 Bibliography 512 Concordance of Inscriptions 562 Index of Ancient Sources 565 Index of Personal Names 582 Index of Places 585 Index of Buildings and Monuments 589 Index of Selected Subjects and Persons 591 CONTENTS |
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| geographic | Attika (DE-588)4003455-0 gnd Athen (DE-588)4003366-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Attika Athen |
| id | DE-604.BV048686551 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:26:37Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T03:20:53Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789004509603 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034060835 |
| oclc_num | 1376407248 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-20 DE-11 DE-384 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-M491 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-20 DE-11 DE-384 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-M491 |
| physical | XXV, 599 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Pläne |
| psigel | gbd_4_2305 BSB_NED_20230605 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Brill |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Ancient judaism and early christianity Early christianity in Greece |
| series2 | Ancient judaism and early christianity Early christianity in Greece |
| spelling | Breytenbach, Cilliers 1954- Verfasser (DE-588)11017786X aut Early christianity in Athens, Attica, and adjacent areas from Paul to Justinian I (1st-6th cent. AD) by Cilliers Breytenbach, Elli Tzavella Leiden ; Boston Brill [2023] © 2023 XXV, 599 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Pläne txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ancient judaism and early christianity volume 114 Early christianity in Greece volume 1 Includes bibliographical references and index "This volume focuses on Christianity in Attica and its metropolis, Athens, from Paul's initial visit in the first century up to the closing of the philosophical schools under the reign of Justinian I in the sixth century. Underscoring the relevance of epigraphic resources and the importance of methodological sophistication in analysing especially archaeological evidence, it readdresses many questions on the basis of a larger body of evidence and aims to combine literary, epigraphic, and archaeological evidence in order to create the outlines of a narrative of the rise and development of Christianity in the area. It is the first interdisciplinary study on the local history of Christianity in the area"-- Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Frühchristentum (DE-588)4129954-1 gnd rswk-swf Attika (DE-588)4003455-0 gnd rswk-swf Athen (DE-588)4003366-1 gnd rswk-swf Church history / Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 Athen [59 B3] (DE-2581)TH000009580 gbd Attika [Barrington p. 59] (DE-2581)TH000009572 gbd Christentum (DE-2581)TH000005769 gbd Athen (DE-588)4003366-1 g Attika (DE-588)4003455-0 g Frühchristentum (DE-588)4129954-1 s Geschichte z DE-604 Tzavella, Elli Verfasser (DE-588)1284210316 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-90-04-52459-0 Ancient judaism and early christianity volume 114 (DE-604)BV019379432 114 Early christianity in Greece volume 1 (DE-604)BV048897499 1 Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034060835&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Breytenbach, Cilliers 1954- Tzavella, Elli Early christianity in Athens, Attica, and adjacent areas from Paul to Justinian I (1st-6th cent. AD) Ancient judaism and early christianity Early christianity in Greece Frühchristentum (DE-588)4129954-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4129954-1 (DE-588)4003455-0 (DE-588)4003366-1 |
| title | Early christianity in Athens, Attica, and adjacent areas from Paul to Justinian I (1st-6th cent. AD) |
| title_auth | Early christianity in Athens, Attica, and adjacent areas from Paul to Justinian I (1st-6th cent. AD) |
| title_exact_search | Early christianity in Athens, Attica, and adjacent areas from Paul to Justinian I (1st-6th cent. AD) |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Early christianity in Athens, Attica, and adjacent areas from Paul to Justinian I (1st-6th cent. AD) |
| title_full | Early christianity in Athens, Attica, and adjacent areas from Paul to Justinian I (1st-6th cent. AD) by Cilliers Breytenbach, Elli Tzavella |
| title_fullStr | Early christianity in Athens, Attica, and adjacent areas from Paul to Justinian I (1st-6th cent. AD) by Cilliers Breytenbach, Elli Tzavella |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early christianity in Athens, Attica, and adjacent areas from Paul to Justinian I (1st-6th cent. AD) by Cilliers Breytenbach, Elli Tzavella |
| title_short | Early christianity in Athens, Attica, and adjacent areas |
| title_sort | early christianity in athens attica and adjacent areas from paul to justinian i 1st 6th cent ad |
| title_sub | from Paul to Justinian I (1st-6th cent. AD) |
| topic | Frühchristentum (DE-588)4129954-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Frühchristentum Attika Athen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034060835&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV019379432 (DE-604)BV048897499 |
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