Reproductive biology of angiosperms: concepts and laboratory methods
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| Format: | Buch |
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| Sprache: | English |
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Cambridge ; New York, NY
Cambridge University Press
2022
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xxvii, 503 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781009160407 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Reproductive biology of angiosperms |b concepts and laboratory methods |c Yash Mangla, Priyanka Khanduri, Charu Khosla Gupta |
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge ; New York, NY |b Cambridge University Press |c 2022 | |
| 300 | |a xxvii, 503 Seiten | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Geschlechtliche Fortpflanzung |0 (DE-588)4269896-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 653 | |a Reproductive biology | ||
| 653 | |a Pollination | ||
| 653 | |a Plant reproductive systems | ||
| 653 | 0 | |a Angiosperms / Reproduction | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Bedecktsamer |0 (DE-588)4144254-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Geschlechtliche Fortpflanzung |0 (DE-588)4269896-0 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mangla, Yash |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gupta, Charu Khosla |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Khanduri, Priyanka |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-1-00916-041-4 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034055736&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Image Sources Chapter 1. An Introduction to the Reproductive Biology of Flowering Plants 1.1 Different Aspects of Reproductive Biology of Flowering Plants 1.2 Scope of Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms The Flower Introduction Organization of a Flower Sexual Diversity in Angiosperms Origin of Flower Induction of Flowering ABCDE Model of Floral Organ Development Glossary Key Questions Practicals Exercise 2.1: To study important morphological features of randomly selected flowers Exercise 2.2: To observe the sexuality of randomly selected flowers Chapter 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Chapter 3. Brief Historical Account on Transformation of Classical Embryology to Integrated Reproductive Biology 25 3.1 Early Discoveries 3.2 Era of Exploration 3.3 Years that Laid the Foundation 3.4 Broadening Horizons 3.5 Integration of Ecological, Evolutionary and Genetical Approaches to the Study of Plant Reproductive Systems Chapter 4. The Anther and Male Gametophyte 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Anther Structure and Development хуц xxi ххщ xxv 1 1 5 9 9 11 14 16 18 18 20 21 21 23 25 26 27 30 35 4q 40 41
Contents 4.2.1 Structure 41 Development 4.2.2.1 Phase I 4.2.2.2 Phasell 4.3 Anther Wall Layers 4.3.1 Epidermis 42 43 45 45 46 4.3.2 Endothecium 4.3.3 Middle Layers 4.3.4 Tapetum 4.4 Anther Dehiscence 48 51 52 57 4.5 Pollen Development 4.5.1 Microsporogenesis 60 60 4.2.2 4.5.1.1 4.5.2 Cytokinesis during Microsporogenesis 4.5.1.2 Role of Callose during Microsporogenesis Microgametogenesis 4.5.2.1 4.5.2.2 Vegetative and Generative cell Bi- and Tri-cellular Pollen Grains 64 66 66 68 69 4.6 Male Germ Unit (MGU) 71 4.6.1 Structure 4.6.2 Functions 4.6.3 Sperm Dimorphism 4.7 Pollen Wall·. Structure, Synthesis and Features 4.7.1 Pollen Wall Structure 4.7.2 Pollen Wall Synthesis 4.7.3 Pollen Coat Substances 4.8 Characteristics of Pollen 4.8.1 Pollen Dispersal Unit 4.8.2 Pollen Aperture 4.8.3 Pollen Polarity 4.8.4 Pollen Symmetry 4.8.5 Pollen Shape 4.9 NPC System 4.10 Nemec Phenomenon 4.11 Pollen Development and Metabolism 72 72 74 74 75 75 80 81 82 85 87 88 88 88 89 91 Glossary Key Questions Practicals Exercise 4.1: To study anther wall layers and microsporogenesis Exercise 4.2: To study a mature anther and its dehiscence Exercise 4.3: To study the ultrastructure of pollen wall layers using transmission electron micrograph 1qq 93 95 96 97
Contents ix Exercise 4.4: To identify the cellular stage of pollen at the time of anther dehiscence 100 Exercise 4.5: To study the ultrastructure of male germ unit Exercise 4.6: To test the pollen grain fertility and viability Exercise 4.7: To estimate the production of pollen grains in a flower Exercise 4.8: To study the morphological features (shape, exine pattern and aperture) of pollen grains of different species 108 The Ovule and Female Gametophyte Introduction Basic Structure of Ovule Development of Ovule Ovule Diversity 5.4.1 Types of Ovule on the Basis of Degree of Curvature 5.4.2 Types of Ovule on the Basis of Thickness of Nucellus 5.5 Structures Associated with Ovules 5.6 Development of Female Gametophyte 5.6.1 Megasporogenesis 5.6.2 Selection of Functional Megaspore and Types of Embryo Sac Development 5.6.3 Megagametogenesis 5.6.4 Different Types of Embryo Sac 5.6.4.1 Monosporic Embryo Sacs 5.6.4.2 Bisporic Embryo Sacs 5.6.4.3 Tetrasporic Embryo Sacs 5.6.4A Embryo Sac Development in Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium 5.7 Cellular Anatomy and Ultrastructure of Cells of Embryo Sac 5.7.1 Egg Cell 5.7.2 Synergids 5.7.3 Central Cell 5.7.4 Antipodal Cells 5.8 Unique Ovules and Embryo Sacs Glossary Key Questions Practical Exercise 5.1: To study different types of ovules Exercise 5.2: To study special ovular structures Exercise 5.3: To study monosporic, bisporic and tetrasporic types of embryo sac development 159 Exercise 5.4: To study Polygonum-type of embryo sac development Exercise 5.5: To study the ultrastructure of egg cell, synergids and central cell Exercise 5.6: To
estimate number of ovules in a flower Exercise 5.7: To assess the receptivity of ovules using Toluidine Blue Ό’ test Chapter 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 102 103 107 119 119 120 121 122 122 126 127 131 132 132 136 138 138 139 140 143 144 145 147 150 150 151 153 154 155 158 163 164 166 168
X Contents Chapter 6. Pollination 6.1 Introduction 174 ^ 6.2 Types of Pollination: Self and Cross 6.2.1 Self-Pollination 175 ,~, i/o 6.2.2 Cross-Pollination 6.3 Mechanisms to Promote Cross-Pollination 6.4 Modes of Pollination 6.5 Abiotic Pollination 6.5.1 179 , 01 lol Ig2 Pollination by Wind: Anemophily 182 6.5.2 Pollination by Water: Hydrophily 6.6 Biotic Pollination 185 188 6.6.1 Pollination by Insects: Entomophily 6.6.1.1 6.6.1.2 6.6.1.3 6.6.1.4 6.6.2 6.6.3 Bee and Wasp Pollination Fly Pollination Ant Pollination Butterfly Pollination 6.6.1.5 Moth Pollination 6.6.1.6 Beetle Pollination Pollination by Birds: Ornithophily Pollination by Bats: Chiropterophily 188 189 191 192 192 193 195 195 198 6.6.4 Pollination by Snail: Malacophily 6.6.5 Some Unusual Pollinators 6.7 Ambophily 6.8 Pollen Storage 6.8.1 Methods of Pollen Storage 198 199 202 202 203 6.8.2 Utility of Pollen Storage: Some Examples Glossary Key Questions Practicals Exercise 6.1: To study the time of anther dehiscence Exercise 6.2: To study the histochemistry of floral rewards Exercise 6.3: To study the floral features of various species and discuss them in context of pollination syndrome 204 205 205 Chapter 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3 Pollen-Pistil Interactions and Fertilization Introduction Stigma and Style Pollen-Pistil Interactions 7.3.1 Pollen Capture and Adhesion 7.3.2 Pollen Hydration 7.3.3 Pollen Germination 7.3.4 Penetration of Stigma by Pollen Tube 206 207 211 216 216 217 221 222 225 225 226
xi Contents 7.3.5 Pollen Tube Growth 7.3.5.1 Pollen Tube Cytoplasm 7.3.5.2 Pollen Tube Wall 7.4 Pollen Tube Guidance: Cues from Sporophytic Tissue, Stylar Exudates and Ovule 7.5 Pollen Tube Entry into Ovule and Embryo Sac 7.6 Double Fertilization 7.7 Unique Cases 7.8 In vitro Pollen Tube Germination Glossary Key Questions Practicals Exercise 7.1: To study the stigma and the styles of different flowers Exercise 7.2: To study the stigma receptivity by cytochemical localization of non-specific esterases and peroxidase activity 244 Exercise 7.3: To test germinability of pollen grains under in vitro condition through various methods 247 Exercise 7.4: To study the pollen tube path in the pistil by decolorized aniline blue staining 249 Self-Incompatibility Introduction Self-incompatibility: Classification and Types Genetic Control of Self-incompatibility 8.3.1 Homomorphic Self-incompatibility 8.3.1.1 Gametophytic Self-incompatibility (GSI) 8.3.1.2 Sporophytic Self-incompatibility (SSI) 8.3.2 Two-loci or Bi-factorial System 8.3.3 Heteromorphic Self-incompatibility 8.4 Pollen and Pollen Tube Rejection 8.4.1 Homomorphic Systems 8.4.1.1 Sporophytic Self-incompatibility System 8.4.1.2 Gametophytic Self-incompatibility System 8.4.2 Heteromorphic Systems 8.5 Methods to Overcome Self-incompatibility 8.5.1 Mixed Pollination 8.5.2 Bud Pollination 8.5.3 Stub Pollination 8.5.4 Intra Ovarian Pollination 8.5.5 In vitro Pollination and Fertilization 8.5.6 Modification of Stigmatic Surface 8.5.7 Heat Treatment of Style Chapter 8. 8.1 8.2 8.3 227 227 229 231 233 233 236 240 242 243 244 257 257 258
259 259 260 261 262 262 264 264 265 267 271 273 273 273 274 274 275 275 275
Contents ^ 8.5.8 Irradiation 8.5.9 Increased Level of Carbon Dioxide 8.5.10 Parasexual Hybridization 8.5.11 Genome Editing Glossary Key Questions Practicals Exercise 8.1: To To determine the interspecific incompatibility in species using semi in vivo pollination and decolorized aniline blue staining method Exercise 8.2: To determine the type of homomorphic self-incompatibility (GSI or SSI) in a species by employing semi in vivo pollination and decolorized aniline blue staining method 281 Exercise 8.3: To determine the mating/breeding system of a species using in vivo manual pollination 282 Exercise 8.4: To calculate Index of Self-incompatibility ( I SI ) Exercise 8.5: To analyze the breeding system of a species by calculating its Pollen: Ovule ratio 285 Chapter 9. Endosperm 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Ultrastructural Changes in the Central Cell and Formation of Primary Endosperm Nucleus 9.3 Types of Endosperm 9.3.1 Nuclear Endosperm 9.3.2 Cellular Endosperm 9.3.3 Helobial Endosperm 9.4 Some Unusual Types of Endosperm 9.4.1 Composite Endosperm 9.4.2 Ruminate Endosperm 9.5 Cellularization of Nuclear Endosperm 9.6 Endosperm in Cereals 9.7 Hormonal Regulation of Endosperm 9.8 Functions of Endosperm 9.8.1 Nutrition of Embryo 9.8.2 Regulation of Embryo Development 9.8.3 Seed Development 9.8.4 Seed Germination 9.9 Nutritive Tissues other than Endosperm 9.9.1 Pseudoembryo Sac/Nucellar Plasmodium 9.9.2 Perisperm 9.9.3 Chalazosperm 276 276 276 277 277 278 279 284 289 289 290 292 293 297 300 302 302 302 303 306 312 313 313 313 314 315 315 315 316 317
xiii Contents Glossary Key Questions Practical« Exercise 9.1: To dissect and study free-nuclear type of endosperm from developing seeds 317 318 319 Chapter 10. Zygotic Embryogenesis 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Structure of the Embryo 10.3 Egg to Zygote: Post-Fertilization Changes, Ultrastructure and Polarity 10.4 Embryogeny: From Zygote to Multi-cellular Embryo 10.4.1 Types of Embryo Development 10.4.2 Early Embryogenesis: Octant Configurations of Pro-embryo 10.5 Embryogenesis and Embryo Patterning 10.5.1 Embryogenesis and Embryo Pattern Formation in Dicots 10.5.2 Embryogenesis in Monocots 10.5.3 Embryogenesis in Poaceae 10.6 Unusual Features of Embryo and Embryogenesis in Some Angiosperms 10.6.1 Embryo Development in Paeonia 10.6.2 Reduced Embryos ‘ 10.7 Suspensor 10.7.1 Structure 10.7.2 Ultrastructure 10.7.3 Role of Suspensor 10.8 Embryo Nourishment Glossary Key Questions Practicals Exercise 10.1: To study zygotic embryogenesis in dicots using micrographs Exercise 10.2: To dissect young embryo from developing seed 324 324 324 325 327 328 329 332 332 334 339 340 341 341 342 342 344 345 347 349 349 Chapter 11. Polyembryony and Apomixis 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Polyembryony 11.2.1 Cleavage of Zygote or Proembryos 11.2.2 Formation of Embryos from Cells of Embryo Sac other than Egg Cell 11.2.3 Presence of More than One Embryo Sac within Same Ovule 11.2.4 Formation of Embryos by Sporophytic Tissue of Ovule 11.3 Classification of Polyembryony 11.4 Causes and Inheritance of Polyembryony 11.5 Practical Applicationsand Significance of Polyembryony 11.6 Apomixis 357 357 359 359 360 361 361
363 364 365 365 350 351
ИУ Contents 11.7 Types of Apomixis 11.7.1 Sporophytic Apomixis 11.7.2 Gametophytic Apomixis 11.7.2.1 Dipïospory 11.7.2.2 Apospory Role of Pollination in Embryo and Endosperm Development among Apomicts Genetics of Apomixis Potential Applications of Apomixis Methods to Screen and Study Apomixis Glossary Key Questions Practicals 11.8 11.9 11.10 11.11 Exercise 11.1: To screen apomixis in ovules using histo-clearing technique Exercise 11.2: To study the polyembryony in seeds Exercise 11.3: To determine the type of embryo by enumerating key features Chapter 12. Seed 366 367 367 357 370 373 373 375 379 380 381 382 386 387 390 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Structure and Morphology of Seeds 12.3 Types of Seed 12.3.1 Classification 1: Based on Ovule Type 12.3.2 Classification 2: Based on Embryo Size, Shape and Position 12.3.3 Other Types 12.4 Seed Coat 12.4.1 Structure and Development 12.4.2 Functions of Seed Coat 12.5 Specialized Seed Associated Structures/Appendages 12.6 Seed Dispersal 12.6.1 Advantages of Dispersal 12.6.2 Mechanisms of Dispersal 12.6.2.1 Autochory 12.6.2.2 Anemochory 12.6.2.3 Hydrochory 12.6.2.4 Zoochory Glossary Key Questions 390 392 394 394 395 396 398 398 406 409 412 413 413 414 417 418 420 424 425 Practicals Exercise 12.1: To calculate the mass and determine the shape (seed traits) of different seeds Exercise 12.2: To classify different types of seeds Exercise 12.3: To study seed dispersal mechanisms in various species 426 428 428
Contents KV Exercise 12.4: To calculate percentage seed viability, germinability and seed vigor 428 Exercise 12.5: To calculate the ovule: seed ratio 431 Exercise 12.6: Observation of seed dispersal mechanism 432 Chapter 13. Plant Germline Transformation 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Plant Germline Transformation 13.3 Male Germline Transformation 13.3.1 Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation 13.3.2 Particle Bombardment Method 13.3.3 MAGELITR 13.3.4 Microinjection 13.3.5 Sonication 13.3.6 Electroporation 13.4 Female Germline Transformation 13.4.1 In Planta Agroinfiltration 13.4.2 Floral Dip 13.4.3 Floral Spray 13.4.4 Pollen Tube Mediated Transformation 13.4.5 Ovary/Pistil Drip Transformation 13.5 Factors Influencing Germline Transformation Glossary Key Questions 436 436 437 439 442 444 444 445 445 445 446 447 447 448 449 449 450 451 452 Practicals Exercise 13.1: To identify the uninucleate stage of pollen grains and demonstration of technique of anther culture 452 Exercise 13.2: To demonstrate the floral dip method of germline transformation 456 Index Color Plates 463 473
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Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Image Sources Chapter 1. An Introduction to the Reproductive Biology of Flowering Plants 1.1 Different Aspects of Reproductive Biology of Flowering Plants 1.2 Scope of Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms The Flower Introduction Organization of a Flower Sexual Diversity in Angiosperms Origin of Flower Induction of Flowering ABCDE Model of Floral Organ Development Glossary Key Questions Practicals Exercise 2.1: To study important morphological features of randomly selected flowers Exercise 2.2: To observe the sexuality of randomly selected flowers Chapter 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Chapter 3. Brief Historical Account on Transformation of Classical Embryology to Integrated Reproductive Biology 25 3.1 Early Discoveries 3.2 Era of Exploration 3.3 Years that Laid the Foundation 3.4 Broadening Horizons 3.5 Integration of Ecological, Evolutionary and Genetical Approaches to the Study of Plant Reproductive Systems Chapter 4. The Anther and Male Gametophyte 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Anther Structure and Development хуц xxi ххщ xxv 1 1 5 9 9 11 14 16 18 18 20 21 21 23 25 26 27 30 35 4q 40 41
Contents 4.2.1 Structure 41 Development 4.2.2.1 Phase I 4.2.2.2 Phasell 4.3 Anther Wall Layers 4.3.1 Epidermis 42 43 45 45 46 4.3.2 Endothecium 4.3.3 Middle Layers 4.3.4 Tapetum 4.4 Anther Dehiscence 48 51 52 57 4.5 Pollen Development 4.5.1 Microsporogenesis 60 60 4.2.2 4.5.1.1 4.5.2 Cytokinesis during Microsporogenesis 4.5.1.2 Role of Callose during Microsporogenesis Microgametogenesis 4.5.2.1 4.5.2.2 Vegetative and Generative cell Bi- and Tri-cellular Pollen Grains 64 66 66 68 69 4.6 Male Germ Unit (MGU) 71 4.6.1 Structure 4.6.2 Functions 4.6.3 Sperm Dimorphism 4.7 Pollen Wall·. Structure, Synthesis and Features 4.7.1 Pollen Wall Structure 4.7.2 Pollen Wall Synthesis 4.7.3 Pollen Coat Substances 4.8 Characteristics of Pollen 4.8.1 Pollen Dispersal Unit 4.8.2 Pollen Aperture 4.8.3 Pollen Polarity 4.8.4 Pollen Symmetry 4.8.5 Pollen Shape 4.9 NPC System 4.10 Nemec Phenomenon 4.11 Pollen Development and Metabolism 72 72 74 74 75 75 80 81 82 85 87 88 88 88 89 91 Glossary Key Questions Practicals Exercise 4.1: To study anther wall layers and microsporogenesis Exercise 4.2: To study a mature anther and its dehiscence Exercise 4.3: To study the ultrastructure of pollen wall layers using transmission electron micrograph 1qq 93 95 96 97
Contents ix Exercise 4.4: To identify the cellular stage of pollen at the time of anther dehiscence 100 Exercise 4.5: To study the ultrastructure of male germ unit Exercise 4.6: To test the pollen grain fertility and viability Exercise 4.7: To estimate the production of pollen grains in a flower Exercise 4.8: To study the morphological features (shape, exine pattern and aperture) of pollen grains of different species 108 The Ovule and Female Gametophyte Introduction Basic Structure of Ovule Development of Ovule Ovule Diversity 5.4.1 Types of Ovule on the Basis of Degree of Curvature 5.4.2 Types of Ovule on the Basis of Thickness of Nucellus 5.5 Structures Associated with Ovules 5.6 Development of Female Gametophyte 5.6.1 Megasporogenesis 5.6.2 Selection of Functional Megaspore and Types of Embryo Sac Development 5.6.3 Megagametogenesis 5.6.4 Different Types of Embryo Sac 5.6.4.1 Monosporic Embryo Sacs 5.6.4.2 Bisporic Embryo Sacs 5.6.4.3 Tetrasporic Embryo Sacs 5.6.4A Embryo Sac Development in Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium 5.7 Cellular Anatomy and Ultrastructure of Cells of Embryo Sac 5.7.1 Egg Cell 5.7.2 Synergids 5.7.3 Central Cell 5.7.4 Antipodal Cells 5.8 Unique Ovules and Embryo Sacs Glossary Key Questions Practical Exercise 5.1: To study different types of ovules Exercise 5.2: To study special ovular structures Exercise 5.3: To study monosporic, bisporic and tetrasporic types of embryo sac development 159 Exercise 5.4: To study Polygonum-type of embryo sac development Exercise 5.5: To study the ultrastructure of egg cell, synergids and central cell Exercise 5.6: To
estimate number of ovules in a flower Exercise 5.7: To assess the receptivity of ovules using Toluidine Blue Ό’ test Chapter 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 102 103 107 119 119 120 121 122 122 126 127 131 132 132 136 138 138 139 140 143 144 145 147 150 150 151 153 154 155 158 163 164 166 168
X Contents Chapter 6. Pollination 6.1 Introduction 174 ^ 6.2 Types of Pollination: Self and Cross 6.2.1 Self-Pollination 175 ,~, i/o 6.2.2 Cross-Pollination 6.3 Mechanisms to Promote Cross-Pollination 6.4 Modes of Pollination 6.5 Abiotic Pollination 6.5.1 179 , 01 lol Ig2 Pollination by Wind: Anemophily 182 6.5.2 Pollination by Water: Hydrophily 6.6 Biotic Pollination 185 188 6.6.1 Pollination by Insects: Entomophily 6.6.1.1 6.6.1.2 6.6.1.3 6.6.1.4 6.6.2 6.6.3 Bee and Wasp Pollination Fly Pollination Ant Pollination Butterfly Pollination 6.6.1.5 Moth Pollination 6.6.1.6 Beetle Pollination Pollination by Birds: Ornithophily Pollination by Bats: Chiropterophily 188 189 191 192 192 193 195 195 198 6.6.4 Pollination by Snail: Malacophily 6.6.5 Some Unusual Pollinators 6.7 Ambophily 6.8 Pollen Storage 6.8.1 Methods of Pollen Storage 198 199 202 202 203 6.8.2 Utility of Pollen Storage: Some Examples Glossary Key Questions Practicals Exercise 6.1: To study the time of anther dehiscence Exercise 6.2: To study the histochemistry of floral rewards Exercise 6.3: To study the floral features of various species and discuss them in context of pollination syndrome 204 205 205 Chapter 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3 Pollen-Pistil Interactions and Fertilization Introduction Stigma and Style Pollen-Pistil Interactions 7.3.1 Pollen Capture and Adhesion 7.3.2 Pollen Hydration 7.3.3 Pollen Germination 7.3.4 Penetration of Stigma by Pollen Tube 206 207 211 216 216 217 221 222 225 225 226
xi Contents 7.3.5 Pollen Tube Growth 7.3.5.1 Pollen Tube Cytoplasm 7.3.5.2 Pollen Tube Wall 7.4 Pollen Tube Guidance: Cues from Sporophytic Tissue, Stylar Exudates and Ovule 7.5 Pollen Tube Entry into Ovule and Embryo Sac 7.6 Double Fertilization 7.7 Unique Cases 7.8 In vitro Pollen Tube Germination Glossary Key Questions Practicals Exercise 7.1: To study the stigma and the styles of different flowers Exercise 7.2: To study the stigma receptivity by cytochemical localization of non-specific esterases and peroxidase activity 244 Exercise 7.3: To test germinability of pollen grains under in vitro condition through various methods 247 Exercise 7.4: To study the pollen tube path in the pistil by decolorized aniline blue staining 249 Self-Incompatibility Introduction Self-incompatibility: Classification and Types Genetic Control of Self-incompatibility 8.3.1 Homomorphic Self-incompatibility 8.3.1.1 Gametophytic Self-incompatibility (GSI) 8.3.1.2 Sporophytic Self-incompatibility (SSI) 8.3.2 Two-loci or Bi-factorial System 8.3.3 Heteromorphic Self-incompatibility 8.4 Pollen and Pollen Tube Rejection 8.4.1 Homomorphic Systems 8.4.1.1 Sporophytic Self-incompatibility System 8.4.1.2 Gametophytic Self-incompatibility System 8.4.2 Heteromorphic Systems 8.5 Methods to Overcome Self-incompatibility 8.5.1 Mixed Pollination 8.5.2 Bud Pollination 8.5.3 Stub Pollination 8.5.4 Intra Ovarian Pollination 8.5.5 In vitro Pollination and Fertilization 8.5.6 Modification of Stigmatic Surface 8.5.7 Heat Treatment of Style Chapter 8. 8.1 8.2 8.3 227 227 229 231 233 233 236 240 242 243 244 257 257 258
259 259 260 261 262 262 264 264 265 267 271 273 273 273 274 274 275 275 275
Contents ^ 8.5.8 Irradiation 8.5.9 Increased Level of Carbon Dioxide 8.5.10 Parasexual Hybridization 8.5.11 Genome Editing Glossary Key Questions Practicals Exercise 8.1: To To determine the interspecific incompatibility in species using semi in vivo pollination and decolorized aniline blue staining method Exercise 8.2: To determine the type of homomorphic self-incompatibility (GSI or SSI) in a species by employing semi in vivo pollination and decolorized aniline blue staining method 281 Exercise 8.3: To determine the mating/breeding system of a species using in vivo manual pollination 282 Exercise 8.4: To calculate Index of Self-incompatibility ( I SI ) Exercise 8.5: To analyze the breeding system of a species by calculating its Pollen: Ovule ratio 285 Chapter 9. Endosperm 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Ultrastructural Changes in the Central Cell and Formation of Primary Endosperm Nucleus 9.3 Types of Endosperm 9.3.1 Nuclear Endosperm 9.3.2 Cellular Endosperm 9.3.3 Helobial Endosperm 9.4 Some Unusual Types of Endosperm 9.4.1 Composite Endosperm 9.4.2 Ruminate Endosperm 9.5 Cellularization of Nuclear Endosperm 9.6 Endosperm in Cereals 9.7 Hormonal Regulation of Endosperm 9.8 Functions of Endosperm 9.8.1 Nutrition of Embryo 9.8.2 Regulation of Embryo Development 9.8.3 Seed Development 9.8.4 Seed Germination 9.9 Nutritive Tissues other than Endosperm 9.9.1 Pseudoembryo Sac/Nucellar Plasmodium 9.9.2 Perisperm 9.9.3 Chalazosperm 276 276 276 277 277 278 279 284 289 289 290 292 293 297 300 302 302 302 303 306 312 313 313 313 314 315 315 315 316 317
xiii Contents Glossary Key Questions Practical« Exercise 9.1: To dissect and study free-nuclear type of endosperm from developing seeds 317 318 319 Chapter 10. Zygotic Embryogenesis 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Structure of the Embryo 10.3 Egg to Zygote: Post-Fertilization Changes, Ultrastructure and Polarity 10.4 Embryogeny: From Zygote to Multi-cellular Embryo 10.4.1 Types of Embryo Development 10.4.2 Early Embryogenesis: Octant Configurations of Pro-embryo 10.5 Embryogenesis and Embryo Patterning 10.5.1 Embryogenesis and Embryo Pattern Formation in Dicots 10.5.2 Embryogenesis in Monocots 10.5.3 Embryogenesis in Poaceae 10.6 Unusual Features of Embryo and Embryogenesis in Some Angiosperms 10.6.1 Embryo Development in Paeonia 10.6.2 Reduced Embryos ‘ 10.7 Suspensor 10.7.1 Structure 10.7.2 Ultrastructure 10.7.3 Role of Suspensor 10.8 Embryo Nourishment Glossary Key Questions Practicals Exercise 10.1: To study zygotic embryogenesis in dicots using micrographs Exercise 10.2: To dissect young embryo from developing seed 324 324 324 325 327 328 329 332 332 334 339 340 341 341 342 342 344 345 347 349 349 Chapter 11. Polyembryony and Apomixis 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Polyembryony 11.2.1 Cleavage of Zygote or Proembryos 11.2.2 Formation of Embryos from Cells of Embryo Sac other than Egg Cell 11.2.3 Presence of More than One Embryo Sac within Same Ovule 11.2.4 Formation of Embryos by Sporophytic Tissue of Ovule 11.3 Classification of Polyembryony 11.4 Causes and Inheritance of Polyembryony 11.5 Practical Applicationsand Significance of Polyembryony 11.6 Apomixis 357 357 359 359 360 361 361
363 364 365 365 350 351
ИУ Contents 11.7 Types of Apomixis 11.7.1 Sporophytic Apomixis 11.7.2 Gametophytic Apomixis 11.7.2.1 Dipïospory 11.7.2.2 Apospory Role of Pollination in Embryo and Endosperm Development among Apomicts Genetics of Apomixis Potential Applications of Apomixis Methods to Screen and Study Apomixis Glossary Key Questions Practicals 11.8 11.9 11.10 11.11 Exercise 11.1: To screen apomixis in ovules using histo-clearing technique Exercise 11.2: To study the polyembryony in seeds Exercise 11.3: To determine the type of embryo by enumerating key features Chapter 12. Seed 366 367 367 357 370 373 373 375 379 380 381 382 386 387 390 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Structure and Morphology of Seeds 12.3 Types of Seed 12.3.1 Classification 1: Based on Ovule Type 12.3.2 Classification 2: Based on Embryo Size, Shape and Position 12.3.3 Other Types 12.4 Seed Coat 12.4.1 Structure and Development 12.4.2 Functions of Seed Coat 12.5 Specialized Seed Associated Structures/Appendages 12.6 Seed Dispersal 12.6.1 Advantages of Dispersal 12.6.2 Mechanisms of Dispersal 12.6.2.1 Autochory 12.6.2.2 Anemochory 12.6.2.3 Hydrochory 12.6.2.4 Zoochory Glossary Key Questions 390 392 394 394 395 396 398 398 406 409 412 413 413 414 417 418 420 424 425 Practicals Exercise 12.1: To calculate the mass and determine the shape (seed traits) of different seeds Exercise 12.2: To classify different types of seeds Exercise 12.3: To study seed dispersal mechanisms in various species 426 428 428
Contents KV Exercise 12.4: To calculate percentage seed viability, germinability and seed vigor 428 Exercise 12.5: To calculate the ovule: seed ratio 431 Exercise 12.6: Observation of seed dispersal mechanism 432 Chapter 13. Plant Germline Transformation 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Plant Germline Transformation 13.3 Male Germline Transformation 13.3.1 Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation 13.3.2 Particle Bombardment Method 13.3.3 MAGELITR 13.3.4 Microinjection 13.3.5 Sonication 13.3.6 Electroporation 13.4 Female Germline Transformation 13.4.1 In Planta Agroinfiltration 13.4.2 Floral Dip 13.4.3 Floral Spray 13.4.4 Pollen Tube Mediated Transformation 13.4.5 Ovary/Pistil Drip Transformation 13.5 Factors Influencing Germline Transformation Glossary Key Questions 436 436 437 439 442 444 444 445 445 445 446 447 447 448 449 449 450 451 452 Practicals Exercise 13.1: To identify the uninucleate stage of pollen grains and demonstration of technique of anther culture 452 Exercise 13.2: To demonstrate the floral dip method of germline transformation 456 Index Color Plates 463 473 |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:25:28Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:45:57Z |
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| isbn | 9781009160407 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Reproductive biology of angiosperms concepts and laboratory methods Yash Mangla, Priyanka Khanduri, Charu Khosla Gupta Cambridge ; New York, NY Cambridge University Press 2022 xxvii, 503 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Bedecktsamer (DE-588)4144254-4 gnd rswk-swf Geschlechtliche Fortpflanzung (DE-588)4269896-0 gnd rswk-swf Reproductive biology Pollination Plant reproductive systems Angiosperms / Reproduction Bedecktsamer (DE-588)4144254-4 s Geschlechtliche Fortpflanzung (DE-588)4269896-0 s DE-604 Mangla, Yash Sonstige oth Gupta, Charu Khosla Sonstige oth Khanduri, Priyanka Sonstige oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-00916-041-4 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034055736&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Reproductive biology of angiosperms concepts and laboratory methods |
| title_auth | Reproductive biology of angiosperms concepts and laboratory methods |
| title_exact_search | Reproductive biology of angiosperms concepts and laboratory methods |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Reproductive biology of angiosperms concepts and laboratory methods |
| title_full | Reproductive biology of angiosperms concepts and laboratory methods Yash Mangla, Priyanka Khanduri, Charu Khosla Gupta |
| title_fullStr | Reproductive biology of angiosperms concepts and laboratory methods Yash Mangla, Priyanka Khanduri, Charu Khosla Gupta |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reproductive biology of angiosperms concepts and laboratory methods Yash Mangla, Priyanka Khanduri, Charu Khosla Gupta |
| title_short | Reproductive biology of angiosperms |
| title_sort | reproductive biology of angiosperms concepts and laboratory methods |
| title_sub | concepts and laboratory methods |
| topic | Bedecktsamer (DE-588)4144254-4 gnd Geschlechtliche Fortpflanzung (DE-588)4269896-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bedecktsamer Geschlechtliche Fortpflanzung |
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