The globalization of rural plays in the twenty-first century:
"The Globalization of Rural Plays in the Twenty-First Century excavates the neglected ideological substratum of peasant folk plays by closely analyzing the promotion, exploitation, and transformation of traditional practices from northeastern Romania and southwest Ukraine"
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London
Lexington Books
[2023]
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "The Globalization of Rural Plays in the Twenty-First Century excavates the neglected ideological substratum of peasant folk plays by closely analyzing the promotion, exploitation, and transformation of traditional practices from northeastern Romania and southwest Ukraine" |
| Beschreibung: | xiii, 327 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781666915433 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents List of Figures and Tables vii ix Acknowledgments Introduction 1 Chapter One: Heleşteni Community and Its Plays 19 Chapter Two: Ruginoasa Community and Its Plays 89 Chapter Three: Rural Customary Communities and Their System of Values 135 Chapter Four: Portraying of Peasantry and Rural Plays in Peasant Studies and Mummers’Plays Studies 181 Chapter Five: The Evolution of Play/Game—From Rural Plays to Video Games 215 Chapter Six: From Community Plays to Transnational Cultural Heritage 257 Afterword 281 Appendix I 291 Appendix II 295 AppendixIII 301 Bibliography 305 Index 315 About the Author 327 v
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Index Page references for figures and tables are italicized. The 1907 Romanian Peasants Revolt, 102-3, 142, 185 Abrahams, Roger D., 194 Adevărul (newspaper), 94 Adorno, Theodor, 269, 278; cultural industry, 269, 278 Africa, 183,190; East and West Africa, 82; Northern Africa, 186 Age of Discovery, 215 Aghiorghiesei, Gheorghe (interviewee), 51 agrarian societies and agricultural societies, 24, 80, 228, 230, 232, 235, 236, 240, 249, 250, 255, 289 agriculture, 20, 120, 123, 124, 131, 160, 161, 163, 204, 217, 228, 229, 238, 239, 275, 276; agricultural producers, 56; Agricultural Revolution, 239; peasant agriculture, 16 Akram-Lodhi, A. Haroon, 276 Albania, 112, 134n8, 144, 273 alcohol: alcohol consumption, 3, 50,164, 201, 204; brandy or țuică, 87n23,167; drinking and drunkenness, 37, 51, 70, 112, 164, 168, 174, 201, 231; wine, 21, 167, 205 Alexa, Mihai (interviewee), 275 Alexa, Mitică (interviewee), 76, 165, 173,251,252, 264 Alexa, Roxana (interviewee), 76, 251 analytic philosophy, 223 Anatolia, 192 animals, 2, 98, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 173, 234, 239, 248, 252, 293 animosities, 129, 224 Antena 1 TV, 89, 92 antieks (mummers), 231 Antrobus village, Cheshire region, England, 196-97, 204 Araghi, Farshad A., 276 Arizpe, Lourdes, 178 Armenian, 19, 20 arnăut, and arnăuți, 111-14,134n8, 144, 153, 260 Asia, 183, 186 The Atherstone Ball Game, 129 Atlantic Ocean, 186 Australia, 190 Austria, 201; Austro-Hungarian Empire, 184 autarky, 135, 136, 154, 160, 178, 186 315
316 Index Axial Age (800 BC-600 AD), 235 Azerbaijan, 273 Ba game, Scotland, 233-34, 286 Bacău, Bacău County, Romania, 251 Băcești, Vaslui, Romania, 20, 26 Bădeni, Iași, Romania, 180ո6 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 8, 78, 186, 187 Balean, Ionel (interviewee), 122-25 Balean, Michi (interviewee), 103-5, 107-8, 110-11, 113, 116-18, 120-22 Balkan region, 134nl0 Bālošu (novel character), 150-51 BASF, 56 Baskervill, Charles Read, 191 battle: mummers battle with sticks, 89-133, ІЗЗпЗ, 133n5, 134n9; traditional battle with sticks, 89-133, ІЗЗпЗ, 133n5, 134n9, 286 bear: Play of the Bear, 146-48, 180n6, 283 Beatty, Arthur, 86nl7, 190 Becker, Ernest, 222, 253-55 Belcești, Iași, Romania, 113 Belgium, 122, 125, 274 belsnickels (mummers), 231 Benedict, Ruth, 127 Bettelheim, Bruno, 80 Birică (novel character), 149 BitTV Pașcani, 92 Black Sea, 270 Blaga, Lucian, 289 Blăgești, Iași, Romania, 143 Bogatyrev, Petr, 187 Bordea, Lică (local inhabitant of Heleșteni), 76 Boston, Massachusetts, 216,231, 282 Bourdieu, Pierre, 38-39, 83, 272, 279 bourgeois, 50 Brănești, Ilfov, Romania, 85n6 Brody, Alan, 195, 202-3 Brown, Stuart, 79 Bruckner, Pascal, 243 Bryceson, Deborah, 276 Bucharest, Romania, 275, 282-84 Bucovina or Bukovina, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine, 265-69; International Festival of Cultural Traditions—Bucovina ’s Malanca, 271, 272, 278 Buddhism, 248, 250 Budieni, Gorj, Romania, 3-6 Bugioaia, Iași, Romania, 98,105, 120 Bulgaria, 209 Buflol, Eastern Spain, 119, 129 Burson, Anne C., 195 Bushmen, 239—41, 247 Buzău, Romania, 261 Buzkashi, 130 Byzantine mimes, 229 Caillois, Roger, 16, 285-86 Căiuții (Small
Horses), 75, 284 California, 257 Călușarii, 149-53, 156, 219 Camaney, Miguel, 157 Canada, 10, 71, 186, 191, 200, 201, 208 Cange (sieur du), Charles du Fresne, 77, 87nl9 Cantemir, Dimitrie, King of Moldova, 22-23, 48, 143 capitalism, 83, 122, 130, 131, 158, 186, 249, 281, 289 Caraman, Petru, 171 Cargo Cult, 144 carnival, 8, 78, 187, 260, 285 Catholic church, 193 Cawte, Edwin Christopher, 191 Ceaușescu, Nicolae, 16n3, 73, 131 Cernăuțeanu (local inhabitant of Ruginoasa), 104, 112 Cervula, 291-92, 293n3 Chambers, Edmund, 191 Chaplin, Charlie, 268 Chavo (interviewee), 156-57 Chayanov, Alexander, 182 Chelaru, Gheorghiță (interviewee), 258 Chelaru, Mariana (interviewee), 258 Chernivtsi or Cernăuți, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine, 261, 265, 266, 268,
Index 269, 271, 278; Bucovina Art Center for Conservation and Promotion of the Traditional Romanian Culture Cernăuți (Chernivtsi), 267; Hotel Oasis, Chernivtsi, 266; Philharmonic Square, Chernivtsi, 270; Sobornaia Square, Chernivtsi, 267 Chiaramonte, Louis J, 201 China, 61,233 Chiperi, Andreea (interviewee), 168 Chiperi, Florin (interviewee), 51, 63-65, 76, 160-61, 174, 270 Chiriac (local inhabitant of Ruginoasa), 118 Chomsky, Noam, 225; and universal grammar, 225 Christianity, 228, 229, 248, 250, 291 Christmas, 6, 7, 17n8, 22, 23, 33, 54-55, 175, 200-201, 216, 219, 231, 231, 283; Christmas Eve, 2 Cioran, Emil, 257 Claidei (local inhabitant of Ruginoasa), 117 Clark, John, 85n3 class struggle, 186, 211 collectivization of agriculture, 106, 134n7; or cooperativization of agriculture, 130 Columbus, Christopher, 215 commodification, 130, 131, 229, 235, 237, 238, 240, 281 Communism, 20, 29, 30, 34, 37, 39, 55, 76, 96, 103, 104, 105, 120, 124, 131, 141, 209, 259, 262,283; Communist authorities, 5, 105 community, 3, 6,19, 42, 82, 83, 138, 153, 165, 174, 175, 192, 201, 204, 216, 225, 246, 248, 249; community games, 233; community plays, 222, 223,257; customary community, 135, 146, 178, 179nl, 181, 186, 188, 224, 229, 279, 281; local communities, 16, 83, 84, 138, 158, 212; village community, 31, 83, 87n26, 159, 165, 166 317 consumerism, 231, 258,281; consumer society, 9; consumption, 16,135,136 coronavirus pandemic, 16, 282, 283, 284 Cosma, Mihai (interviewee), 251 Cosma, Nicoleta (interviewee), 251 Cosma, Ștefan (interviewee), 251-52 Costa Rica, 273 Costești, Iași, Romania, 55
Costeștii din Vale, Dâmbovița, Romania, 142 Coțovanu (local inhabitant of Ruginoasa), 122 Crăcană, Dorel (interviewee), 35 Crăciun, Boris, 102, 120 Craiova, Dolj, Romania, 82, 283 Creangă, Ion, 74, 102, 106, 127, 268; The Bag -with Two Pennies {Punguța cu Doi Bani), 268 Creed, Gerald W., 209 Crișu, Aurel (interviewee), 25 Cucuteni, Iași, Romania, 45, 51, 152, 172, 266; Cucuteni (Neolithic) culture, 20 Cuejd, Neamț, Romania, 207 Culianu or Couliano, Ioan Petru, 217, 226-28, 230, 238, 250, 255, 288; and mind games, 227, 228, 238, 250, 255 cultural history, 13; Cuza locality, 301 cultural micro-ecosystems, 83, 133, 178, 184, 211, 213, 221, 222, 223, 224, 228, 229, 266, 271, 277 cultural relativism, 223 Cumont, Franz, 230 Curecheru, Constantin (interviewee), 39-40, 56 Cuza, Alexandru Ioan, 89, 90, 99, 112, 144; Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, 174 Dacians, 98 Dalton, George, 140, 183 Danube river, 147 Dealul Drăghici, Ruginoasa, 99
318 the death of peasantry, 16n2, 273; depeasantification and depeasantization, 38, 259,272, 279; de-ruralization, 130; new peasantry, 123, 157 decolonialization, 213 deconstruction, 213 deer: deer’s death and resurrection, 42, 49, 299; deer team, 42-5 8, 60, 68, 70, 71, 75, 170, 252, 258, 260, 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 269, 270, 271, 278, 282; Play of the Deer, 22-23,42-58,91,98, 114, 126, 143^45, 148, 152-53, 168, 172, 174, 175, 198, 219, 240, 248, 260, 264, 286, 291, 295 Democratic Party (of Romania), 68 demography, and demographic decline, 49, 52, 53 Denmark, 24, 208 Derrida, Jacques, 255-56 Derșida, Sălaj, Romania, 2 devil, 34 Dobrowolski, Kazimierz, 159 Dolj, (county), 154-55 Dosoftei or Barila Dimitrie, Moldova’s metropolitan, 22, 143 Drace-Francis, Alex, 140 Dracon, 98 Dracula, 74 drag (clothing), 34, 69, 73, 76, 78, 87n30 Dumbrăvița, Iași, Romania, 92, 95-96, 98-100, 103-6, 128 Durkheim, Emil, 182 Easter, 6 Eastern Romania 7, 45, 97, 198 ecclesiastical interdictions of mummers’ plays, 143, 193, 229, 248 echo chamber, 244 Ecuador, 201 Edict of Milan, 229 Eforie Nord, Constanța, Romania, 270 Egypt, 255 Index Eliade, Mircea, 246 England, 10, 24, 85n3, 86n9, 122, 125, 129, 190, 196-98,216,219, 273, 274, 282 Estonia, 24,208 ethnocentrism, 133 Euphrates, 229 Eurasia, 212 Europe, 23, 48, 59, 148, 158, 159, 178, 186, 194; Central Europe, 184; Eastern Europe, 184, 216, 281; Northern Europe, 22; rural Europe, 158; Western Europe, 40, 53, 61, 86nl6, 122, 182 European Union, 56, 58, 61 exploitation, 139, 141, 142, 159, 183, 186; exploiting classes 9, 142, 145, 186 Facebook,
244, 245, 251, 269, 274, 279 Fălticeni, Suceava, Romania, 103 family, 163, 164, 165, 174, 184 fight, 89-133, 153, 186, 234, 247, 248, 249, 256 Finland, 24 Flămânzi, Botoșani, Romania, 102 folk plays, 22, 23, 24, 42, 142, 160, 166, 173, 175, 186, 188,216,217,218, 224, 230, 231, 237, 244, 249; folk drama, 192, 194, 195; folk theater, 190, 191, 203, 205, 206 folklore, 183, 185; festivalisation, 263, 264, 265, 272, 278; folklore festivals, 126, 257-79; folklore studies, 23, 58; Folkloristics, 10, 59, 83, 93, 126, 127, 128, 130, 132, 178, 184, 189, 190, 201, 203, 205, 209, 212, 265; Romantic Folkloristics, 93; urbanization of rural plays, 263, 264, 265, 272, 278, 282 food: food given to mummers, 70, 145, 167, 169; food rituals, 113, 140 football, 15 Formal and Applied Axiology, 137 Fox, Katy, 277
Index France, 84,140, 274, 284; Second French Empire, 184 Frazer, Sir James, 189-90, 209 Freudianism, 211 Frumușica, Botoșani, Romania, 102 Gailey, Alan, 192 Gallo-Roman, 84 Galtung, Johan, 91, 100, 101, 132 game, 11, 129, 133, ІЗЗпІ, ІЗЗпЗ, 215֊ 57, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289; game universe, 16; rural game, 96 Geertz, Clifford James, 139 gender roles, 36, 100, 108, 202, 209 Gennep, Arnold van, 28 Germany, 201, 284; German Empire, 184; German Folkloristics, 190 Gheorghe, Ștefan, King of Moldova, 21 Giddens, Anthony, 79-80 Glassie, Henry, 189, 203-4 globalization, 11, 83, 158, 208, 209, 272, 273, 276, 279, 281, 282; global capitalism, 128, 130, 131, 245, 258; global society, 123, 158, 208, 272, 281; global transformations, 12 goat, 22, 23, 24, 63, 130, 167, 168, 172, 198, 284; Christmas Goat, 23, 219; goat team 23-42, 57, 60, 68, 70, 71, 75, 166, 170, 258, 260, 282; New Year Goat, 23; Play of the Goat, 22, 23-42, 58, 68, 86ՈՈ10-11, 86nl5, 91, 105, 114, 119, 126, 143, 147, 148, 206, 207, 240, 275, 286 Godelier, Maurice, 183 Goilav, 19 Goilav, Ariton, 20 Goilav, George, 20 Golay, Christophe, 274 Graeber, David, 139, 180n3 grand narrative, 157, 178, 181, 211, 212, 215; little narratives (petits récits), 181,212,213 Great Britain, 72, 192 319 Greece, 61; Ancient Greece, 190, 203, 233; Greek Olympics, 240; Greek Pythagoreans, 230 Green, Thomas A., 195 Grimm, brothers (Jacob and Wilhelm), 190 Guigudel, Costică (novel character), 151 Gulf of St. Lawrence, 202 Gunnel, Terry, 199-200, 208-9 Gypsy, 45, 48, 51, 98, 102, 143, 146; bulibașa, 47, 50; căldărari, 98, 112, 114, 116, 126, 260;
Gypsy-king, 47, 50; Romani people, 46, 268 Halloween, 21, 60,168,196 Halpern, Joel Martin, 184 Halpert, Herbert, 82, 194, 200-201 Handiin, Oscar E., 266 Hâra, Constantin (interviewee), 52, 56, 163, 174-75 Hâra, Dana (interviewee), 168-69, 173 Hâra, Doina (interviewee), 76,164, 168-69, 171,251 Hâra, Evelina (interviewee), 65-66 Harari, Yuval Noah, 215 Hârlău, Iași, Romania, 262 Hărmăneasa, Iași, Romania, 24, 34-35, 51,54, 60,70, 72, 85nl, 161, 275, 301-2 Hărmănești, Iași, Romanía, 98 Hartman, Robert, 135-38, 160, 176, 180ո4 Heintz, Monica, 275; Behind the Masks (documentary), 275 Heleșteni, Iași, Romania, 7, 19-84, 85nl, 85n3, 86nll, 86nl6, 106, 113, 114, 126, 132-33, 135, 145, 147-49, 160-63, 165-66, 168, 172, 174-75, 198, 252, 258, 259, 265-66, 270-71, 282, 286, 301-3 Helm, Alex, 191, 192 heritage: heritagisation, 185,191, 192, 208, 258, 259, 264, 276, 281; heritage studies, 259, 277; and intangible cultural heritage, 11, 21,
320 Index 208, 263, 265, 266, 271, 272, 276, 281; safeguarding, 84,259, 263, 265, 277,279; transnational cultural heritage, 257, 258, 271, 278 Hero-Combat Play, 196, 197, 219 Hessayon, Ariel, 129 Hildebrandt, Swedish ambassador’s secretary, 21 Historical Materialist Dialectics, 183 Hobbes, Thomas and Hobbesian, 213 hobbyhorse, 198 Hobsbawm, Eric, 16n2, 273, 276 hogmanaymen, 192, 203 Homo Sapiens, 228, 243 homosexuality, 177 Horkheimer, Max, 269, 278; cultural industry, 268, 269, 271, 278 Horneț, Catrinea (interviewee), 25 Hornet, Petriča (interviewee), 53 Huizinga, Johan 9, 187, 217, 235, 240-41, 256nl human: human community, 230, 241; human consciousness, 250,255, 288, 289; human cultural evolution, 237; human freedom, 16, 178, 179, 23 8, 241; human identity, 220; human interaction, 236; human mind, 130, 207, 216, 220, 224, 226, 228, 230, 234, 241, 247, 250, 288; human situations, 247; human society, 236, 237, 239, 244; humanity, 179; humanity crisis, 130; humans’ plays, 238; stratified human societies, 227, 272 Humulești, Iași, Romania, 102 Hungarians, 162, 256n2 Hussein, Saddam, 73 Iași City, 21-22, 40, 66, 82, 118, 119, 120,174,262; Iași City Bureau of Statistics, 52-53, 303; Iași County, 1, 43, 46, 52, 61, 89, 96, 107, 132, 152, 180n6, 264 Ibrăileanu, Garabet, 19 Ibsen, Henrik, 24 identity, 244,247, 281; communal identity, 196, 201, 224; human identity, 220; national identity, 123, 256, 284; peasant identity, 21, 84, 123, 186; transnational identity, 123 Hinca (novel character), 149 indecency, 151, 152 India, 190, 230 industrial revolution, 28,188, 192, 212, 215, 230,
232, 238, 239, 240, 241,242, 245, 251,255, 286; industrial development, 38; industrial production, 16n3, 160; industrial societies, 233, 234,235; industrialization, 28, 39, 83, 181, 183, 189, 198, 203, 216, 232, 233, 235, 237, 258 inequalities, and social inequalities, 58, 120-26, 174, 177, 224, 229, 233, 240, 281, 288, 289; unequal access to strategic resources, 233 interethnic relations, 50 Iorga, Nicolae, 21, 185 iPhone, 245, 267, 269-70; iPad, 252 Iran, 230 Ireland, 72, 192 Irod, 25, 219, 256n2; and Irozi, 25; and King Herod, 256n2 irony, 25, 45, 68, 84, 143, 145 Ishi, Yana tribe, 257 Islam, 248 Israel, 274 Italy, 40, 53, 61, 80, 81, 12225, 265, 282 Ivan Turbincă, 74 Jagna (novel character), 147 Jakobson, Roman, 187 Jasper, Karl, 235 Jew and Jews, 45, 48, 51, 143 Jiu Valley, 16n3, 127 joc and jocuri, 16nl, 133nl, 217, 222, 230, 232, 239, 250, 282; jocus, 256 Judaism, 248
Index Kalendis, 77, 291, 292 Kant, Immanuel, 179, 225 Kautsky, Karl, 8-9, 182 Kay, Cristobai, 276 Kearney, Michael, 123,12627,183, 187 Kirkwall, Orkney Islands, Scotland, 233 Kluckhohn, Clyde, 135, 136, 138-39, 160, 176-77, 180nn3^1 Königsberg, 179 Kroeber, Alfred, 257 Kroeber, Theodora, 257 Kundera, Milan, 76-77 Labrador, Canada, 72 Lackland, John, King of England, 2 Laden, Osama bin, 73 Lăsata Secului (November 14 Day), 43, 112 Leeward Islands, 191 Lelo Burti game, Shukhuti, Western Georgia, 130, 234, 286 Liteni, Iași, Romania, 261 Liungman, Waldemar, 229 London, 245 Lovelace, Martin J., 197-98 Lupu, Dănuț (interviewee), 121 Lupu, Dumitru (interviewee), 104, НО, 115, 122,126 Lupu, Gica (interviewee), 100,109 Lupu, Mihai (interviewee), 97, 98, 100, 105, 113, 114, 119-20 Lupu, Vasile (local inhabitant of Heleșteni), 163 Lupu, Vasile, King of Moldova, 21 Lyotard, Jean-François, 181, 211 Madgearu, Virgil, 185-86 Maghercă (local inhabitant of Ruginoasa), 104 magic, 238; ritual magic, 16n5; magical thinking, 248 Magnum Opus, 196 Malaby, Thomas, 249 321 Malanca, 91, 94, 100, 105, 109, 110-20, 124-26, 132, 144, 153-53, 260, 267, 268, 271, 284 manhood, 96,110-20 Maoist dictatorship, 227 market economy, 232, 237, 281, 283 marriage, 95, 112-16, 148, 179nl; marital market, 127, 144 Marx, Karl, 140-41, 182; Marxist vision, 5 mask, 21, 23, 24, 33, 44, 58, 59, 60, 61, 68, 81, 82, 89, 100, 104, 131, 132, 196, 203,208,247, 289; deer mask, 44; face mask or surgical mask, 16, 284, 285; fur masks, 89, 95, 96, 100, 219; goat mask, 24, 63; mascoidă, 25, 29, 86nl2; masked people, 21 masquerade,
74, 187, 209 mass media, 97; mass-mediatization, 258, 264, 265, 278 Mavericks, 219 McGill University, 227 Mead, Margaret, 95, 133n4 Meillassoux, Claude, 183-84 Melanesia, 144 Mendras, Henry, 135,176 Mexican: mummers, 157; Revolution, 156, 157; singers, 267 microhistory, 91, 158 Middle Ages, 45, 143, 197, 229, 233, 241, 248 migration, 49, 53, 54,130,288; and migrants, 30, 53, 58, 61, 80, 82, 124, 252, 277; circular migration, 54; labor migration, 11, 53, 54, 81, 120-26, 204, 277, 281; long-term migration, 54 military, 24—29, 111-14; military service, 98 Millington, Peter Thomas, 198-99 mob football, 234 mockery, 3, 23, 48, 73, 74, 78, 144, 145 mode of production, 182, 216, 230, 237, 250
322 Index modernity, 96, 130, 189, 209, 211, 258, 259, 265, 272; modem society, 212, 252, 257, 265, 288; modem thinking, 181, 211; modernization, 38, 83, 131, 197, 203, 210 Mogił, Jeffrey, 227 Moldova (region of Romania) 1, 19, 85ո4, 85ո8, 89, 198, 264; Moldovian Kingdom, 21-23, 143; Moldova Republic (country), 157 money, 21, 30, 31, 34, 35, 37, 38, 40, 45, 49, 55, 56, 67, 70, 74, 82, 112, 113, 114, 124, 167, 172, 175, 192, 198,215,231,232, 234, 238, 252, 287 Monsanto, 56 Morgan, Lewis H., 189 The Morometes (novel), 149-53 Movileni, Iași, Romania, 19, 20, 35, 54, 60, 85nl, 86nll, 301-3 mummers, 34, 58-82, 107, 145, 146, 157, 168, 169, 170, 188-210, 216, 231, 251, 260, 273, 283, 285, 286, 289; age of mummers, 60, 63, 68, 70; mummers’ guessing game, 58, 70-77, 202; mummers’ house-visit, 58, 60, 70-77, 80, 197, 198, 219; mummers’ parade, 59; mummers’ plays 10, 42,5 8-82, 129, 148, 174, 176, 178, 181, 188-210, 222, 223, 229, 233, 234, 246, 248, 249, 250, 258, 262, 263, 272, 276, 289; mummers’ play studies 10; mummers’ speech disguise, 58, 70-77; mummers’ teams, 58-82; mumming, 190, 192, 193, 197, 200, 201,208, 228, 232 nationalism, 126, 141, 183, 184, 185, 190, 209, 211, 212; nation-state, 126, 159, 182, 183 Neagota, Bogdan, 85n4, 87n31, 274; Orma Sodalitas Anthropologica (association), 274 Nechifor, Costică (interviewee), 1056, 119, 122 Nechifor, Gabi (interviewee), 107 New Guinea, 144 New Year, 6, 7, 17n8, 21, 23, 33, 53, 61-62, 70, 94, 99-100, 105, 109, 169, 173, 175; Old Year, 94, 101, 115, 122, 126, 128, 260, 282 Newfoundland, Canada, 10, 71-72, 82, 194, 198, 200-201, 208,
219 Nilā (novel character), 149 Nissenbaum, Stephen, 216, 231 noble savage, 126 North America, 183, 227 North-Eastern Romania, 1, 83 Norway, 10, 24, 208 North-Western Romania, 2 Nottingham, England, 245 Oboroceni, Iași, Romania, 24, 35-36, 40, 50-54, 58, 60, 70, 72, 74, 76, 85nl, 86nI8, 163, 164, 168, 173-75, 251,258, 264, 301-2 Obrebski, Joseph, 179nl ontological security, 79, 80 Oprișan, Horea Barbu, 111, 205 Orăștie, Hunedoara, Romania, 85n3 Ordish, Thomas Fairman, 189-90, 206 Oriental Carpathians, 19 Orthodox Church, 34 Orwell, George, 227; and Big Brother, 227; and Ministry of Truth, 227; and Newspeak, 227; and Syme (character of the novel 1984), 227 Ottoman, 22, 23, 143; Ottoman Empire, 184 Păcală, The Trickster, 9, 17n6, 73 pageants, 21, 60; pageantry, 60 Pamplona, Northern Spain, 119, 129 pantomime, 70-77; pantomimic mummers, 33, 58, 59, 60, 70-77, 80, 145, 147, 148, 149, 172, 260 Papadima, Ovidiu, 205 Paparudele, 6, 16ո5
Index Paris Ouest Nanterre La Defense University, France, 275 Pașcani, Iași, Romania, 41, 90, 99, 103, 112, 118, 120, 260-62, 264, 282 patrimonialization and patrimonialized, 43, 126, 128, 257, 265, 277, 279 Pattison, Susan, 204 Peacock, Norman, 191 peasant, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 27, 36, 46, 48, 49, 78, 83,89, 90, 95,112,114, 123, 124, 127, 129, 136, 140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 153, 158, 173, 177, 181, 184, 185,190, 204, 211, 212, 232, 234, 265, 266, 272, 273, 285, 289; peasant community, 153,184, 263; peasant culture 9, 272, 276, 279; peasant life, 7; peasant nature 6; peasant mode of production, 83, 140, 158; peasant plays 2, 136; peasants’ play 7, 215,232, 240; peasant robustness 7; peasant society, 79, 83, 239; peasant studies 8, 10, 11, 181, 183,187, 238; peasant values, 10, 271; peasants’ traditions, 53, 129,184; proletarianized peasants 1, 30, 232, 237 peasantry, 172, 178, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 206, 216, 234, 276, 288; problema țărănească/peasantry issue, 184, 185, 212 The Peasants (novel), 146^49, 180n7 personhood, 174,175 Philadelphia, 231; Philadelphia Mummers’ Parade, 268, 272, 278 philosophy of religion, 15 Piatra Neamț, Neamț county, Romania, 261 Pitești, Argeș, Romania, 275; Dacia— Renault Group, 275 Plato, 255 play, 1, 4, 9, 11, 42, 44, 48, 79, 80, 129, 133, 168, 174, 181, 186, 187, 188210, 215-57, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289; brutal play 9; children’s play, 4; deceiving plays, 10; erotic plays, 10; 323 folk plays, 17n8, 146, 153, 177, 178, 188-210, 215, 216, 218, 230, 232, 248, 251, 259, 264, 276; play studies 9, 11, 130,142; and plays, 19, 80, 15 8,166, 242,
246; realm of play, 9; winter plays, 22 Ploeg, Van der, 123, 272, 276, 278 Poland, 16n2 Polanyi, Karl, 237; Satanic mill, 237; substantivist economics, 237 Polina (novel character), 150 Polytechnic Institute of Bucharest, 275 Ponca tribe, 241 poporanism, 185 Portugal, 61 postmodern, 14 postsocialism 11, 30, 35, 42, 76,77, 78, 82, 90, 96, 120, 122, 177, 210, 251,259, 283; and postsocialist society, 13 poverty and poor people, 48, 49, 50, 55, 121, 142, 144, 145, 174, 175, 177, 184, 186, 224, 231,232, 240 Preda, Marin, 127, 149,153 Preobrazhensky, Yevgeni, 182 PRO TV, 91 Propp, Vladimir, 187 Puebla City, Mexico, 156, 157 Pulitzer Prize, 253 Quack Doctor, 190, 194, 199 Rabelais, François, 8, 186 reality TV, 118 Rebreanu, Liviu, 127 reciprocity (positive, balanced, negative), 166, 167, 172, 173, 175, 192, 202, 224 Redfield, Robert, 153, 183, 277 Rediu, Iași, Romania, 98-100, 104-6, 108-9, 110, 115, 120-22,126 religion, 5, 193, 211, 229, 246; religious ceremonies and rituals 6, 164, 165, 175, 246
324 Index resurrection, 86ո8, 248; death and resurrection, 203, 219, 231, 273 Reymont, Władysław, 146-48, 153, 180ո7 Rhine, 229 Rio de Janeiro carnival, 268, 278 ritual, 3, 6, 21, 28, 31, 35, 37, 42, 44, 49, 50, 52, 58, 63, 69, 72, 81, 82, 84, 93, 95, 97, 98, 116, 117, 127, 129, 133, 145, 159, 169, 175, 189, 192, 210, 231, 234, 237, 240, 242, 243, 248, 263; community rituals, 12; rite of passage, 26, 38, 42; ritual drama, 191, 192, 194; ritual magic, 16; winter rituals, 55 rivalry, 178 Robb, Graham, 84 Robert, Alexa (interviewee), 252 Robinson, William I., 130, 132 Roman (city), Iași, Romania, 112, 275 Romance languages, 256 Romania, 1, 7, 16nnl-4, 17n6, 58, 61, 69, 104, 128, 133, 133ՈՈ1-2, 141, 157, 185, 198, 205, 206, 208, 216, 227, 259, 262, 267, 270, 274, 277; and Romanians, 25, 46, 68, 69, 84, 89, 93, 96, 132, 275 Romania ’s Got Talent, 92 Romanian: army, 20, 26, 154,157; countryside, 45; industrialization 1, 28; peasants, 27, 256; rural south, 3; society, 96,133; state, 128 Romanian Communist Party, 16n3; Socialist Romania, 1 Rome, Italy, 123; Ancient Rome, 190, 233; citizens, 256; Colosseum, 233, 235, 240, 286; culture, 222, 229; Holy Roman Empire, 184; society, 233 Romos, Hunedoara, Romania, 85n3 Romoșel, Hunedoara, Romania, 85n3 Ross village, Newfoundland, Canada, 202 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 126,132 Royal Shrovetide Football, 233, 286 rugby, 15 Ruginoasa, Iași, Romania, 65, 89-133, 183n6, 135, 149, 160, 175, 234, 260, 261, 265, 282 rurality and rural community, 1, 28, 45, 79, 83, 128, 158, 166, 188, 190, 238; rural culture 1, 8,16n2, 39, 41, 123, 160, 259, 268,
269, 272, 276, 277; rural custom, 92; rural game, 89, 133nnl-2; rural plays 11, 23, 38, 53, 58, 83, 136, 142, 143, 149, 150, 153, 154, 157, 158, 159, 160, 166, 176, 178, 193,213,215,216, 255, 257, 258, 263, 281, 283, 289; rural societies 9; rural universe, 127, 136, 147, 147, 153, 271, 276, 285; rural world, 6, 8, 50, 275, 277, 285 Russia, 10, 23-24, 182, 185, 186, 208; Russian army, 19; Russian Empire, 184 Rybkowski, Jan, 147, 180n7 Saint Melania, 268 Sămănătorism (sowing ideas), 185 Sartori, Giovani, 243; and Homo Videns, 243-44; and multimedia revolution, 243 satire, 48, 74, 143, 144, 186, 224 Saturnalia, 175, 231 Saudi Arabia, 248 Schmidt, Leopold, 199 Schopenhauer, Arthur, 225 Scientific Revolution, 215, 236 Scotland, 191,201 Scott, James C., 186 Scripcaru, Ion (interviewee), 55 Scripcaru, Petru (interviewee), 57 sexuality, 77, 78, 79, 151, 152, 179, 209, 246, 247, 249, 289 Shakespeare, William, 24 shaman, 190 Shanin, Teodor, 153 Shrove Tuesday, 85n6 Sirețel, Iași, Romania, 112 Slavici, Ioan, 127
Index social media, 15 Sophocles, 24 Soulcaking Play, 196, 204 South America, 183 Southern Romania 6, 82, 154 Spain, 40, 53, 54, 61, 119, 123, 282; Spanish Empire, 184 Spitzer, Manfred, 244,250; and digital dementia, 244 St. George Play, 190; St. George and the Dragon, 231 Stere, Constantin, 185 Sticlăria, Iași, Romania, 40, 47, 56, 180n6, 266 Stirling, Paul, 266 story, 6, 79, 276; stories 1, 2, 79; stories and fairy tales 80; story and collective memory, 79, 276 Story, George Morley, 82, 200 Stroiești, Botoșani, Romania, 102 Structuralism, 183 Strunga, Iași, 47 Sturdza (landlord in Ruginoasa), 103 Sturdza, Mihail, 20 Suceava, Romania, 102, 261, 283 Sweden, 10, 24, 208 The Sword Play, 203 Szeklers, 256n2 Szwed, John F., 202 țară or country or countryside, 16n4 Târâitul, 91, 109, 110-20, 124, 132 Țărănismul (Peasantism), 185 Târgul-Frumos, Iași, Romania, 41, 120 television, 242, 243 Teodorescu (landlord in Ruginoasa), 103 Terray, Emmanuel, 183 theatre, 45, 196, 229 Thrace (Ancient), 201 Tiddy, Reginald J. E., 190 Tillis, Steve, 195 Tita (novel character), 149 Toarbă, Vasile (mayor of Ruginoasa), 106 Tőkés, László, 73 325 Tolstoy, Leo Nikolayevich, 201 totalitarianism, 227 touristicization, 258 tradition, 8, 25, 53, 83, 90, 92, 95, 125, 133n6, 220, 230, 262, 274, 275; rural traditions, 3 5, 41,263, 277, 279; traditional culture, 159; traditionalism and traditional, 39, 125, 128 Transylvania, 85n4 Trinidad, 201 Trubetzkoy, Nikolai, 187 Trump, Donald, 268 Tulcea, Tulcea county, Romania, 261 Turkle, Sherry, 244, 250 TVRI, 92 Twitter, 244^45, 269, 279 Ukraine, 24, 157, 278;
Ukrainians, 271 unemployment, 77 UNESCO 2003 Convention for Intangible Cultural Heritage, 259; UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage, 272-74 Ungureanu, Cosmin (interviewee), 110, 113, 114, 115, 116, 121, 125-26 United Nations, 274 United States of America, 1, 7, 56,128, 156, 162, 168, 169, 186, 192,216, 232, 284; American, 206, 268 Vaidei, Hunedoara, Romania, 85n4 Valea Mare, Iași, Romania, 113 values, 38, 83, 129, 135-79, 180n3, 241, 244, 245, 249, 250, 288; peasants system of values, 135-79, 181, 186, 187, 213, 217, 223, 266, 277, 281; peasants’values, 10, 11, 133, 13579, 275; rural values, 128, 135-79 Vascani, Iași, Romania, 47, 98 Vatra Domei, Suceava, Romania, 261,262, 268 Verdery, Katherine, 277 Vestal Virgins, 256n3
326 Veterinary Medicine University of Iași, Romania, 121 Via Campesina, (The Peasants Way), 273-74, 279 video games, 215, 228, 244, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252; Bloodborne, 247; Captain Novolin, 247; Ghost of Tsushima, 247; Horizon Zero Dawn, 247; Icarus Proudbottom, 241՛, The Last of Us, 247; Mister Mosquito, 247; Pokemon, 248; Street Fighter, 247; Sven, 247 Villa, Pancho, 156 violence, 62, 63, 75-77, 80, 84, 91, 100, 101, 103, 106, 110-20, 124, 127, 128, 131, 132, 139, 204,213, 233, 244, 247, 248, 249, 255, 289; cultural violence, 91, 100, 101, 102; mild physical violence, 62, 63, 66, 67, 68,131, 165; physical violence, 4, 100, 32, 75-77, 110-20, 244; symbolyc violence, 11, 38, 39, 272, 272, 279; theories of violence, 91, 97, 100, 101,132; violence as a cultural performance, 91, 97, 132; violent confruntation, 91,129; violent game, 130 Vissarion, I.C., 142 Voice ofAmerica (radio), 142 Voicu, Cornelia (interviewee), 40, 264 Index Volintirești, Iași, Romania, 303 Vulcan, Hunedoara, Romania, 282 Walachia, 90 Wales, 191 Welling, Swedish ambasador, 21-23, 85n4, 143 Whitehead, Neil L., 91, 97 Whitsuntide, 6, 156 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 212, 217-27, 237, 250, 254, 288, 290; and family resemblances, 219; and language games, 211, 212, 217, 218, 219, 220, 223, 225, 227, 228, 230, 237, 241, 254; and life forms or forms of life, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 254 Wolf, Eric, 153, 157-58, 183, 266 The Wooing Ceremony, 203 working-class culture, 216, 234, 236, 237, 240, 241, 245 World War II, 1, 7, 19, 20, 25-26, 46, 55, 127, 184, 200, 227 Wright, Frank Lloyd, 230 YouTube,
92, 132-33, 269, 274, 279 Yugoslavia, 16n2 Zaharia, Alin (interviewee), 53, 80-81 Zapata, Emiliano, 156 Zece Prăjini, Iași, Romania, 113 Zelenin, Dmitry, 187
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Contents List of Figures and Tables vii ix Acknowledgments Introduction 1 Chapter One: Heleşteni Community and Its Plays 19 Chapter Two: Ruginoasa Community and Its Plays 89 Chapter Three: Rural Customary Communities and Their System of Values 135 Chapter Four: Portraying of Peasantry and Rural Plays in Peasant Studies and Mummers’Plays Studies 181 Chapter Five: The Evolution of Play/Game—From Rural Plays to Video Games 215 Chapter Six: From Community Plays to Transnational Cultural Heritage 257 Afterword 281 Appendix I 291 Appendix II 295 AppendixIII 301 Bibliography 305 Index 315 About the Author 327 v
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Index Page references for figures and tables are italicized. The 1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt, 102-3, 142, 185 Abrahams, Roger D., 194 Adevărul (newspaper), 94 Adorno, Theodor, 269, 278; cultural industry, 269, 278 Africa, 183,190; East and West Africa, 82; Northern Africa, 186 Age of Discovery, 215 Aghiorghiesei, Gheorghe (interviewee), 51 agrarian societies and agricultural societies, 24, 80, 228, 230, 232, 235, 236, 240, 249, 250, 255, 289 agriculture, 20, 120, 123, 124, 131, 160, 161, 163, 204, 217, 228, 229, 238, 239, 275, 276; agricultural producers, 56; Agricultural Revolution, 239; peasant agriculture, 16 Akram-Lodhi, A. Haroon, 276 Albania, 112, 134n8, 144, 273 alcohol: alcohol consumption, 3, 50,164, 201, 204; brandy or țuică, 87n23,167; drinking and drunkenness, 37, 51, 70, 112, 164, 168, 174, 201, 231; wine, 21, 167, 205 Alexa, Mihai (interviewee), 275 Alexa, Mitică (interviewee), 76, 165, 173,251,252, 264 Alexa, Roxana (interviewee), 76, 251 analytic philosophy, 223 Anatolia, 192 animals, 2, 98, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 173, 234, 239, 248, 252, 293 animosities, 129, 224 Antena 1 TV, 89, 92 antieks (mummers), 231 Antrobus village, Cheshire region, England, 196-97, 204 Araghi, Farshad A., 276 Arizpe, Lourdes, 178 Armenian, 19, 20 arnăut, and arnăuți, 111-14,134n8, 144, 153, 260 Asia, 183, 186 The Atherstone Ball Game, 129 Atlantic Ocean, 186 Australia, 190 Austria, 201; Austro-Hungarian Empire, 184 autarky, 135, 136, 154, 160, 178, 186 315
316 Index Axial Age (800 BC-600 AD), 235 Azerbaijan, 273 Ba game, Scotland, 233-34, 286 Bacău, Bacău County, Romania, 251 Băcești, Vaslui, Romania, 20, 26 Bădeni, Iași, Romania, 180ո6 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 8, 78, 186, 187 Balean, Ionel (interviewee), 122-25 Balean, Michi (interviewee), 103-5, 107-8, 110-11, 113, 116-18, 120-22 Balkan region, 134nl0 Bālošu (novel character), 150-51 BASF, 56 Baskervill, Charles Read, 191 battle: mummers battle with sticks, 89-133, ІЗЗпЗ, 133n5, 134n9; traditional battle with sticks, 89-133, ІЗЗпЗ, 133n5, 134n9, 286 bear: Play of the Bear, 146-48, 180n6, 283 Beatty, Arthur, 86nl7, 190 Becker, Ernest, 222, 253-55 Belcești, Iași, Romania, 113 Belgium, 122, 125, 274 belsnickels (mummers), 231 Benedict, Ruth, 127 Bettelheim, Bruno, 80 Birică (novel character), 149 BitTV Pașcani, 92 Black Sea, 270 Blaga, Lucian, 289 Blăgești, Iași, Romania, 143 Bogatyrev, Petr, 187 Bordea, Lică (local inhabitant of Heleșteni), 76 Boston, Massachusetts, 216,231, 282 Bourdieu, Pierre, 38-39, 83, 272, 279 bourgeois, 50 Brănești, Ilfov, Romania, 85n6 Brody, Alan, 195, 202-3 Brown, Stuart, 79 Bruckner, Pascal, 243 Bryceson, Deborah, 276 Bucharest, Romania, 275, 282-84 Bucovina or Bukovina, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine, 265-69; International Festival of Cultural Traditions—Bucovina ’s Malanca, 271, 272, 278 Buddhism, 248, 250 Budieni, Gorj, Romania, 3-6 Bugioaia, Iași, Romania, 98,105, 120 Bulgaria, 209 Buflol, Eastern Spain, 119, 129 Burson, Anne C., 195 Bushmen, 239—41, 247 Buzău, Romania, 261 Buzkashi, 130 Byzantine mimes, 229 Caillois, Roger, 16, 285-86 Căiuții (Small
Horses), 75, 284 California, 257 Călușarii, 149-53, 156, 219 Camaney, Miguel, 157 Canada, 10, 71, 186, 191, 200, 201, 208 Cange (sieur du), Charles du Fresne, 77, 87nl9 Cantemir, Dimitrie, King of Moldova, 22-23, 48, 143 capitalism, 83, 122, 130, 131, 158, 186, 249, 281, 289 Caraman, Petru, 171 Cargo Cult, 144 carnival, 8, 78, 187, 260, 285 Catholic church, 193 Cawte, Edwin Christopher, 191 Ceaușescu, Nicolae, 16n3, 73, 131 Cernăuțeanu (local inhabitant of Ruginoasa), 104, 112 Cervula, 291-92, 293n3 Chambers, Edmund, 191 Chaplin, Charlie, 268 Chavo (interviewee), 156-57 Chayanov, Alexander, 182 Chelaru, Gheorghiță (interviewee), 258 Chelaru, Mariana (interviewee), 258 Chernivtsi or Cernăuți, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine, 261, 265, 266, 268,
Index 269, 271, 278; Bucovina Art Center for Conservation and Promotion of the Traditional Romanian Culture Cernăuți (Chernivtsi), 267; Hotel Oasis, Chernivtsi, 266; Philharmonic Square, Chernivtsi, 270; Sobornaia Square, Chernivtsi, 267 Chiaramonte, Louis J, 201 China, 61,233 Chiperi, Andreea (interviewee), 168 Chiperi, Florin (interviewee), 51, 63-65, 76, 160-61, 174, 270 Chiriac (local inhabitant of Ruginoasa), 118 Chomsky, Noam, 225; and universal grammar, 225 Christianity, 228, 229, 248, 250, 291 Christmas, 6, 7, 17n8, 22, 23, 33, 54-55, 175, 200-201, 216, 219, 231, 231, 283; Christmas Eve, 2 Cioran, Emil, 257 Claidei (local inhabitant of Ruginoasa), 117 Clark, John, 85n3 class struggle, 186, 211 collectivization of agriculture, 106, 134n7; or cooperativization of agriculture, 130 Columbus, Christopher, 215 commodification, 130, 131, 229, 235, 237, 238, 240, 281 Communism, 20, 29, 30, 34, 37, 39, 55, 76, 96, 103, 104, 105, 120, 124, 131, 141, 209, 259, 262,283; Communist authorities, 5, 105 community, 3, 6,19, 42, 82, 83, 138, 153, 165, 174, 175, 192, 201, 204, 216, 225, 246, 248, 249; community games, 233; community plays, 222, 223,257; customary community, 135, 146, 178, 179nl, 181, 186, 188, 224, 229, 279, 281; local communities, 16, 83, 84, 138, 158, 212; village community, 31, 83, 87n26, 159, 165, 166 317 consumerism, 231, 258,281; consumer society, 9; consumption, 16,135,136 coronavirus pandemic, 16, 282, 283, 284 Cosma, Mihai (interviewee), 251 Cosma, Nicoleta (interviewee), 251 Cosma, Ștefan (interviewee), 251-52 Costa Rica, 273 Costești, Iași, Romania, 55
Costeștii din Vale, Dâmbovița, Romania, 142 Coțovanu (local inhabitant of Ruginoasa), 122 Crăcană, Dorel (interviewee), 35 Crăciun, Boris, 102, 120 Craiova, Dolj, Romania, 82, 283 Creangă, Ion, 74, 102, 106, 127, 268; The Bag -with Two Pennies {Punguța cu Doi Bani), 268 Creed, Gerald W., 209 Crișu, Aurel (interviewee), 25 Cucuteni, Iași, Romania, 45, 51, 152, 172, 266; Cucuteni (Neolithic) culture, 20 Cuejd, Neamț, Romania, 207 Culianu or Couliano, Ioan Petru, 217, 226-28, 230, 238, 250, 255, 288; and mind games, 227, 228, 238, 250, 255 cultural history, 13; Cuza locality, 301 cultural micro-ecosystems, 83, 133, 178, 184, 211, 213, 221, 222, 223, 224, 228, 229, 266, 271, 277 cultural relativism, 223 Cumont, Franz, 230 Curecheru, Constantin (interviewee), 39-40, 56 Cuza, Alexandru Ioan, 89, 90, 99, 112, 144; Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, 174 Dacians, 98 Dalton, George, 140, 183 Danube river, 147 Dealul Drăghici, Ruginoasa, 99
318 the death of peasantry, 16n2, 273; depeasantification and depeasantization, 38, 259,272, 279; de-ruralization, 130; new peasantry, 123, 157 decolonialization, 213 deconstruction, 213 deer: deer’s death and resurrection, 42, 49, 299; deer team, 42-5 8, 60, 68, 70, 71, 75, 170, 252, 258, 260, 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 269, 270, 271, 278, 282; Play of the Deer, 22-23,42-58,91,98, 114, 126, 143^45, 148, 152-53, 168, 172, 174, 175, 198, 219, 240, 248, 260, 264, 286, 291, 295 Democratic Party (of Romania), 68 demography, and demographic decline, 49, 52, 53 Denmark, 24, 208 Derrida, Jacques, 255-56 Derșida, Sălaj, Romania, 2 devil, 34 Dobrowolski, Kazimierz, 159 Dolj, (county), 154-55 Dosoftei or Barila Dimitrie, Moldova’s metropolitan, 22, 143 Drace-Francis, Alex, 140 Dracon, 98 Dracula, 74 drag (clothing), 34, 69, 73, 76, 78, 87n30 Dumbrăvița, Iași, Romania, 92, 95-96, 98-100, 103-6, 128 Durkheim, Emil, 182 Easter, 6 Eastern Romania 7, 45, 97, 198 ecclesiastical interdictions of mummers’ plays, 143, 193, 229, 248 echo chamber, 244 Ecuador, 201 Edict of Milan, 229 Eforie Nord, Constanța, Romania, 270 Egypt, 255 Index Eliade, Mircea, 246 England, 10, 24, 85n3, 86n9, 122, 125, 129, 190, 196-98,216,219, 273, 274, 282 Estonia, 24,208 ethnocentrism, 133 Euphrates, 229 Eurasia, 212 Europe, 23, 48, 59, 148, 158, 159, 178, 186, 194; Central Europe, 184; Eastern Europe, 184, 216, 281; Northern Europe, 22; rural Europe, 158; Western Europe, 40, 53, 61, 86nl6, 122, 182 European Union, 56, 58, 61 exploitation, 139, 141, 142, 159, 183, 186; exploiting classes 9, 142, 145, 186 Facebook,
244, 245, 251, 269, 274, 279 Fălticeni, Suceava, Romania, 103 family, 163, 164, 165, 174, 184 fight, 89-133, 153, 186, 234, 247, 248, 249, 256 Finland, 24 Flămânzi, Botoșani, Romania, 102 folk plays, 22, 23, 24, 42, 142, 160, 166, 173, 175, 186, 188,216,217,218, 224, 230, 231, 237, 244, 249; folk drama, 192, 194, 195; folk theater, 190, 191, 203, 205, 206 folklore, 183, 185; festivalisation, 263, 264, 265, 272, 278; folklore festivals, 126, 257-79; folklore studies, 23, 58; Folkloristics, 10, 59, 83, 93, 126, 127, 128, 130, 132, 178, 184, 189, 190, 201, 203, 205, 209, 212, 265; Romantic Folkloristics, 93; urbanization of rural plays, 263, 264, 265, 272, 278, 282 food: food given to mummers, 70, 145, 167, 169; food rituals, 113, 140 football, 15 Formal and Applied Axiology, 137 Fox, Katy, 277
Index France, 84,140, 274, 284; Second French Empire, 184 Frazer, Sir James, 189-90, 209 Freudianism, 211 Frumușica, Botoșani, Romania, 102 Gailey, Alan, 192 Gallo-Roman, 84 Galtung, Johan, 91, 100, 101, 132 game, 11, 129, 133, ІЗЗпІ, ІЗЗпЗ, 215֊ 57, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289; game universe, 16; rural game, 96 Geertz, Clifford James, 139 gender roles, 36, 100, 108, 202, 209 Gennep, Arnold van, 28 Germany, 201, 284; German Empire, 184; German Folkloristics, 190 Gheorghe, Ștefan, King of Moldova, 21 Giddens, Anthony, 79-80 Glassie, Henry, 189, 203-4 globalization, 11, 83, 158, 208, 209, 272, 273, 276, 279, 281, 282; global capitalism, 128, 130, 131, 245, 258; global society, 123, 158, 208, 272, 281; global transformations, 12 goat, 22, 23, 24, 63, 130, 167, 168, 172, 198, 284; Christmas Goat, 23, 219; goat team 23-42, 57, 60, 68, 70, 71, 75, 166, 170, 258, 260, 282; New Year Goat, 23; Play of the Goat, 22, 23-42, 58, 68, 86ՈՈ10-11, 86nl5, 91, 105, 114, 119, 126, 143, 147, 148, 206, 207, 240, 275, 286 Godelier, Maurice, 183 Goilav, 19 Goilav, Ariton, 20 Goilav, George, 20 Golay, Christophe, 274 Graeber, David, 139, 180n3 grand narrative, 157, 178, 181, 211, 212, 215; little narratives (petits récits), 181,212,213 Great Britain, 72, 192 319 Greece, 61; Ancient Greece, 190, 203, 233; Greek Olympics, 240; Greek Pythagoreans, 230 Green, Thomas A., 195 Grimm, brothers (Jacob and Wilhelm), 190 Guigudel, Costică (novel character), 151 Gulf of St. Lawrence, 202 Gunnel, Terry, 199-200, 208-9 Gypsy, 45, 48, 51, 98, 102, 143, 146; bulibașa, 47, 50; căldărari, 98, 112, 114, 116, 126, 260;
Gypsy-king, 47, 50; Romani people, 46, 268 Halloween, 21, 60,168,196 Halpern, Joel Martin, 184 Halpert, Herbert, 82, 194, 200-201 Handiin, Oscar E., 266 Hâra, Constantin (interviewee), 52, 56, 163, 174-75 Hâra, Dana (interviewee), 168-69, 173 Hâra, Doina (interviewee), 76,164, 168-69, 171,251 Hâra, Evelina (interviewee), 65-66 Harari, Yuval Noah, 215 Hârlău, Iași, Romania, 262 Hărmăneasa, Iași, Romania, 24, 34-35, 51,54, 60,70, 72, 85nl, 161, 275, 301-2 Hărmănești, Iași, Romanía, 98 Hartman, Robert, 135-38, 160, 176, 180ո4 Heintz, Monica, 275; Behind the Masks (documentary), 275 Heleșteni, Iași, Romania, 7, 19-84, 85nl, 85n3, 86nll, 86nl6, 106, 113, 114, 126, 132-33, 135, 145, 147-49, 160-63, 165-66, 168, 172, 174-75, 198, 252, 258, 259, 265-66, 270-71, 282, 286, 301-3 Helm, Alex, 191, 192 heritage: heritagisation, 185,191, 192, 208, 258, 259, 264, 276, 281; heritage studies, 259, 277; and intangible cultural heritage, 11, 21,
320 Index 208, 263, 265, 266, 271, 272, 276, 281; safeguarding, 84,259, 263, 265, 277,279; transnational cultural heritage, 257, 258, 271, 278 Hero-Combat Play, 196, 197, 219 Hessayon, Ariel, 129 Hildebrandt, Swedish ambassador’s secretary, 21 Historical Materialist Dialectics, 183 Hobbes, Thomas and Hobbesian, 213 hobbyhorse, 198 Hobsbawm, Eric, 16n2, 273, 276 hogmanaymen, 192, 203 Homo Sapiens, 228, 243 homosexuality, 177 Horkheimer, Max, 269, 278; cultural industry, 268, 269, 271, 278 Horneț, Catrinea (interviewee), 25 Hornet, Petriča (interviewee), 53 Huizinga, Johan 9, 187, 217, 235, 240-41, 256nl human: human community, 230, 241; human consciousness, 250,255, 288, 289; human cultural evolution, 237; human freedom, 16, 178, 179, 23 8, 241; human identity, 220; human interaction, 236; human mind, 130, 207, 216, 220, 224, 226, 228, 230, 234, 241, 247, 250, 288; human situations, 247; human society, 236, 237, 239, 244; humanity, 179; humanity crisis, 130; humans’ plays, 238; stratified human societies, 227, 272 Humulești, Iași, Romania, 102 Hungarians, 162, 256n2 Hussein, Saddam, 73 Iași City, 21-22, 40, 66, 82, 118, 119, 120,174,262; Iași City Bureau of Statistics, 52-53, 303; Iași County, 1, 43, 46, 52, 61, 89, 96, 107, 132, 152, 180n6, 264 Ibrăileanu, Garabet, 19 Ibsen, Henrik, 24 identity, 244,247, 281; communal identity, 196, 201, 224; human identity, 220; national identity, 123, 256, 284; peasant identity, 21, 84, 123, 186; transnational identity, 123 Hinca (novel character), 149 indecency, 151, 152 India, 190, 230 industrial revolution, 28,188, 192, 212, 215, 230,
232, 238, 239, 240, 241,242, 245, 251,255, 286; industrial development, 38; industrial production, 16n3, 160; industrial societies, 233, 234,235; industrialization, 28, 39, 83, 181, 183, 189, 198, 203, 216, 232, 233, 235, 237, 258 inequalities, and social inequalities, 58, 120-26, 174, 177, 224, 229, 233, 240, 281, 288, 289; unequal access to strategic resources, 233 interethnic relations, 50 Iorga, Nicolae, 21, 185 iPhone, 245, 267, 269-70; iPad, 252 Iran, 230 Ireland, 72, 192 Irod, 25, 219, 256n2; and Irozi, 25; and King Herod, 256n2 irony, 25, 45, 68, 84, 143, 145 Ishi, Yana tribe, 257 Islam, 248 Israel, 274 Italy, 40, 53, 61, 80, 81, 12225, 265, 282 Ivan Turbincă, 74 Jagna (novel character), 147 Jakobson, Roman, 187 Jasper, Karl, 235 Jew and Jews, 45, 48, 51, 143 Jiu Valley, 16n3, 127 joc and jocuri, 16nl, 133nl, 217, 222, 230, 232, 239, 250, 282; jocus, 256 Judaism, 248
Index Kalendis, 77, 291, 292 Kant, Immanuel, 179, 225 Kautsky, Karl, 8-9, 182 Kay, Cristobai, 276 Kearney, Michael, 123,12627,183, 187 Kirkwall, Orkney Islands, Scotland, 233 Kluckhohn, Clyde, 135, 136, 138-39, 160, 176-77, 180nn3^1 Königsberg, 179 Kroeber, Alfred, 257 Kroeber, Theodora, 257 Kundera, Milan, 76-77 Labrador, Canada, 72 Lackland, John, King of England, 2 Laden, Osama bin, 73 Lăsata Secului (November 14 Day), 43, 112 Leeward Islands, 191 Lelo Burti game, Shukhuti, Western Georgia, 130, 234, 286 Liteni, Iași, Romania, 261 Liungman, Waldemar, 229 London, 245 Lovelace, Martin J., 197-98 Lupu, Dănuț (interviewee), 121 Lupu, Dumitru (interviewee), 104, НО, 115, 122,126 Lupu, Gica (interviewee), 100,109 Lupu, Mihai (interviewee), 97, 98, 100, 105, 113, 114, 119-20 Lupu, Vasile (local inhabitant of Heleșteni), 163 Lupu, Vasile, King of Moldova, 21 Lyotard, Jean-François, 181, 211 Madgearu, Virgil, 185-86 Maghercă (local inhabitant of Ruginoasa), 104 magic, 238; ritual magic, 16n5; magical thinking, 248 Magnum Opus, 196 Malaby, Thomas, 249 321 Malanca, 91, 94, 100, 105, 109, 110-20, 124-26, 132, 144, 153-53, 260, 267, 268, 271, 284 manhood, 96,110-20 Maoist dictatorship, 227 market economy, 232, 237, 281, 283 marriage, 95, 112-16, 148, 179nl; marital market, 127, 144 Marx, Karl, 140-41, 182; Marxist vision, 5 mask, 21, 23, 24, 33, 44, 58, 59, 60, 61, 68, 81, 82, 89, 100, 104, 131, 132, 196, 203,208,247, 289; deer mask, 44; face mask or surgical mask, 16, 284, 285; fur masks, 89, 95, 96, 100, 219; goat mask, 24, 63; mascoidă, 25, 29, 86nl2; masked people, 21 masquerade,
74, 187, 209 mass media, 97; mass-mediatization, 258, 264, 265, 278 Mavericks, 219 McGill University, 227 Mead, Margaret, 95, 133n4 Meillassoux, Claude, 183-84 Melanesia, 144 Mendras, Henry, 135,176 Mexican: mummers, 157; Revolution, 156, 157; singers, 267 microhistory, 91, 158 Middle Ages, 45, 143, 197, 229, 233, 241, 248 migration, 49, 53, 54,130,288; and migrants, 30, 53, 58, 61, 80, 82, 124, 252, 277; circular migration, 54; labor migration, 11, 53, 54, 81, 120-26, 204, 277, 281; long-term migration, 54 military, 24—29, 111-14; military service, 98 Millington, Peter Thomas, 198-99 mob football, 234 mockery, 3, 23, 48, 73, 74, 78, 144, 145 mode of production, 182, 216, 230, 237, 250
322 Index modernity, 96, 130, 189, 209, 211, 258, 259, 265, 272; modem society, 212, 252, 257, 265, 288; modem thinking, 181, 211; modernization, 38, 83, 131, 197, 203, 210 Mogił, Jeffrey, 227 Moldova (region of Romania) 1, 19, 85ո4, 85ո8, 89, 198, 264; Moldovian Kingdom, 21-23, 143; Moldova Republic (country), 157 money, 21, 30, 31, 34, 35, 37, 38, 40, 45, 49, 55, 56, 67, 70, 74, 82, 112, 113, 114, 124, 167, 172, 175, 192, 198,215,231,232, 234, 238, 252, 287 Monsanto, 56 Morgan, Lewis H., 189 The Morometes (novel), 149-53 Movileni, Iași, Romania, 19, 20, 35, 54, 60, 85nl, 86nll, 301-3 mummers, 34, 58-82, 107, 145, 146, 157, 168, 169, 170, 188-210, 216, 231, 251, 260, 273, 283, 285, 286, 289; age of mummers, 60, 63, 68, 70; mummers’ guessing game, 58, 70-77, 202; mummers’ house-visit, 58, 60, 70-77, 80, 197, 198, 219; mummers’ parade, 59; mummers’ plays 10, 42,5 8-82, 129, 148, 174, 176, 178, 181, 188-210, 222, 223, 229, 233, 234, 246, 248, 249, 250, 258, 262, 263, 272, 276, 289; mummers’ play studies 10; mummers’ speech disguise, 58, 70-77; mummers’ teams, 58-82; mumming, 190, 192, 193, 197, 200, 201,208, 228, 232 nationalism, 126, 141, 183, 184, 185, 190, 209, 211, 212; nation-state, 126, 159, 182, 183 Neagota, Bogdan, 85n4, 87n31, 274; Orma Sodalitas Anthropologica (association), 274 Nechifor, Costică (interviewee), 1056, 119, 122 Nechifor, Gabi (interviewee), 107 New Guinea, 144 New Year, 6, 7, 17n8, 21, 23, 33, 53, 61-62, 70, 94, 99-100, 105, 109, 169, 173, 175; Old Year, 94, 101, 115, 122, 126, 128, 260, 282 Newfoundland, Canada, 10, 71-72, 82, 194, 198, 200-201, 208,
219 Nilā (novel character), 149 Nissenbaum, Stephen, 216, 231 noble savage, 126 North America, 183, 227 North-Eastern Romania, 1, 83 Norway, 10, 24, 208 North-Western Romania, 2 Nottingham, England, 245 Oboroceni, Iași, Romania, 24, 35-36, 40, 50-54, 58, 60, 70, 72, 74, 76, 85nl, 86nI8, 163, 164, 168, 173-75, 251,258, 264, 301-2 Obrebski, Joseph, 179nl ontological security, 79, 80 Oprișan, Horea Barbu, 111, 205 Orăștie, Hunedoara, Romania, 85n3 Ordish, Thomas Fairman, 189-90, 206 Oriental Carpathians, 19 Orthodox Church, 34 Orwell, George, 227; and Big Brother, 227; and Ministry of Truth, 227; and Newspeak, 227; and Syme (character of the novel 1984), 227 Ottoman, 22, 23, 143; Ottoman Empire, 184 Păcală, The Trickster, 9, 17n6, 73 pageants, 21, 60; pageantry, 60 Pamplona, Northern Spain, 119, 129 pantomime, 70-77; pantomimic mummers, 33, 58, 59, 60, 70-77, 80, 145, 147, 148, 149, 172, 260 Papadima, Ovidiu, 205 Paparudele, 6, 16ո5
Index Paris Ouest Nanterre La Defense University, France, 275 Pașcani, Iași, Romania, 41, 90, 99, 103, 112, 118, 120, 260-62, 264, 282 patrimonialization and patrimonialized, 43, 126, 128, 257, 265, 277, 279 Pattison, Susan, 204 Peacock, Norman, 191 peasant, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 27, 36, 46, 48, 49, 78, 83,89, 90, 95,112,114, 123, 124, 127, 129, 136, 140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 153, 158, 173, 177, 181, 184, 185,190, 204, 211, 212, 232, 234, 265, 266, 272, 273, 285, 289; peasant community, 153,184, 263; peasant culture 9, 272, 276, 279; peasant life, 7; peasant nature 6; peasant mode of production, 83, 140, 158; peasant plays 2, 136; peasants’ play 7, 215,232, 240; peasant robustness 7; peasant society, 79, 83, 239; peasant studies 8, 10, 11, 181, 183,187, 238; peasant values, 10, 271; peasants’ traditions, 53, 129,184; proletarianized peasants 1, 30, 232, 237 peasantry, 172, 178, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 206, 216, 234, 276, 288; problema țărănească/peasantry issue, 184, 185, 212 The Peasants (novel), 146^49, 180n7 personhood, 174,175 Philadelphia, 231; Philadelphia Mummers’ Parade, 268, 272, 278 philosophy of religion, 15 Piatra Neamț, Neamț county, Romania, 261 Pitești, Argeș, Romania, 275; Dacia— Renault Group, 275 Plato, 255 play, 1, 4, 9, 11, 42, 44, 48, 79, 80, 129, 133, 168, 174, 181, 186, 187, 188210, 215-57, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289; brutal play 9; children’s play, 4; deceiving plays, 10; erotic plays, 10; 323 folk plays, 17n8, 146, 153, 177, 178, 188-210, 215, 216, 218, 230, 232, 248, 251, 259, 264, 276; play studies 9, 11, 130,142; and plays, 19, 80, 15 8,166, 242,
246; realm of play, 9; winter plays, 22 Ploeg, Van der, 123, 272, 276, 278 Poland, 16n2 Polanyi, Karl, 237; Satanic mill, 237; substantivist economics, 237 Polina (novel character), 150 Polytechnic Institute of Bucharest, 275 Ponca tribe, 241 poporanism, 185 Portugal, 61 postmodern, 14 postsocialism 11, 30, 35, 42, 76,77, 78, 82, 90, 96, 120, 122, 177, 210, 251,259, 283; and postsocialist society, 13 poverty and poor people, 48, 49, 50, 55, 121, 142, 144, 145, 174, 175, 177, 184, 186, 224, 231,232, 240 Preda, Marin, 127, 149,153 Preobrazhensky, Yevgeni, 182 PRO TV, 91 Propp, Vladimir, 187 Puebla City, Mexico, 156, 157 Pulitzer Prize, 253 Quack Doctor, 190, 194, 199 Rabelais, François, 8, 186 reality TV, 118 Rebreanu, Liviu, 127 reciprocity (positive, balanced, negative), 166, 167, 172, 173, 175, 192, 202, 224 Redfield, Robert, 153, 183, 277 Rediu, Iași, Romania, 98-100, 104-6, 108-9, 110, 115, 120-22,126 religion, 5, 193, 211, 229, 246; religious ceremonies and rituals 6, 164, 165, 175, 246
324 Index resurrection, 86ո8, 248; death and resurrection, 203, 219, 231, 273 Reymont, Władysław, 146-48, 153, 180ո7 Rhine, 229 Rio de Janeiro carnival, 268, 278 ritual, 3, 6, 21, 28, 31, 35, 37, 42, 44, 49, 50, 52, 58, 63, 69, 72, 81, 82, 84, 93, 95, 97, 98, 116, 117, 127, 129, 133, 145, 159, 169, 175, 189, 192, 210, 231, 234, 237, 240, 242, 243, 248, 263; community rituals, 12; rite of passage, 26, 38, 42; ritual drama, 191, 192, 194; ritual magic, 16; winter rituals, 55 rivalry, 178 Robb, Graham, 84 Robert, Alexa (interviewee), 252 Robinson, William I., 130, 132 Roman (city), Iași, Romania, 112, 275 Romance languages, 256 Romania, 1, 7, 16nnl-4, 17n6, 58, 61, 69, 104, 128, 133, 133ՈՈ1-2, 141, 157, 185, 198, 205, 206, 208, 216, 227, 259, 262, 267, 270, 274, 277; and Romanians, 25, 46, 68, 69, 84, 89, 93, 96, 132, 275 Romania ’s Got Talent, 92 Romanian: army, 20, 26, 154,157; countryside, 45; industrialization 1, 28; peasants, 27, 256; rural south, 3; society, 96,133; state, 128 Romanian Communist Party, 16n3; Socialist Romania, 1 Rome, Italy, 123; Ancient Rome, 190, 233; citizens, 256; Colosseum, 233, 235, 240, 286; culture, 222, 229; Holy Roman Empire, 184; society, 233 Romos, Hunedoara, Romania, 85n3 Romoșel, Hunedoara, Romania, 85n3 Ross village, Newfoundland, Canada, 202 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 126,132 Royal Shrovetide Football, 233, 286 rugby, 15 Ruginoasa, Iași, Romania, 65, 89-133, 183n6, 135, 149, 160, 175, 234, 260, 261, 265, 282 rurality and rural community, 1, 28, 45, 79, 83, 128, 158, 166, 188, 190, 238; rural culture 1, 8,16n2, 39, 41, 123, 160, 259, 268,
269, 272, 276, 277; rural custom, 92; rural game, 89, 133nnl-2; rural plays 11, 23, 38, 53, 58, 83, 136, 142, 143, 149, 150, 153, 154, 157, 158, 159, 160, 166, 176, 178, 193,213,215,216, 255, 257, 258, 263, 281, 283, 289; rural societies 9; rural universe, 127, 136, 147, 147, 153, 271, 276, 285; rural world, 6, 8, 50, 275, 277, 285 Russia, 10, 23-24, 182, 185, 186, 208; Russian army, 19; Russian Empire, 184 Rybkowski, Jan, 147, 180n7 Saint Melania, 268 Sămănătorism (sowing ideas), 185 Sartori, Giovani, 243; and Homo Videns, 243-44; and multimedia revolution, 243 satire, 48, 74, 143, 144, 186, 224 Saturnalia, 175, 231 Saudi Arabia, 248 Schmidt, Leopold, 199 Schopenhauer, Arthur, 225 Scientific Revolution, 215, 236 Scotland, 191,201 Scott, James C., 186 Scripcaru, Ion (interviewee), 55 Scripcaru, Petru (interviewee), 57 sexuality, 77, 78, 79, 151, 152, 179, 209, 246, 247, 249, 289 Shakespeare, William, 24 shaman, 190 Shanin, Teodor, 153 Shrove Tuesday, 85n6 Sirețel, Iași, Romania, 112 Slavici, Ioan, 127
Index social media, 15 Sophocles, 24 Soulcaking Play, 196, 204 South America, 183 Southern Romania 6, 82, 154 Spain, 40, 53, 54, 61, 119, 123, 282; Spanish Empire, 184 Spitzer, Manfred, 244,250; and digital dementia, 244 St. George Play, 190; St. George and the Dragon, 231 Stere, Constantin, 185 Sticlăria, Iași, Romania, 40, 47, 56, 180n6, 266 Stirling, Paul, 266 story, 6, 79, 276; stories 1, 2, 79; stories and fairy tales 80; story and collective memory, 79, 276 Story, George Morley, 82, 200 Stroiești, Botoșani, Romania, 102 Structuralism, 183 Strunga, Iași, 47 Sturdza (landlord in Ruginoasa), 103 Sturdza, Mihail, 20 Suceava, Romania, 102, 261, 283 Sweden, 10, 24, 208 The Sword Play, 203 Szeklers, 256n2 Szwed, John F., 202 țară or country or countryside, 16n4 Târâitul, 91, 109, 110-20, 124, 132 Țărănismul (Peasantism), 185 Târgul-Frumos, Iași, Romania, 41, 120 television, 242, 243 Teodorescu (landlord in Ruginoasa), 103 Terray, Emmanuel, 183 theatre, 45, 196, 229 Thrace (Ancient), 201 Tiddy, Reginald J. E., 190 Tillis, Steve, 195 Tita (novel character), 149 Toarbă, Vasile (mayor of Ruginoasa), 106 Tőkés, László, 73 325 Tolstoy, Leo Nikolayevich, 201 totalitarianism, 227 touristicization, 258 tradition, 8, 25, 53, 83, 90, 92, 95, 125, 133n6, 220, 230, 262, 274, 275; rural traditions, 3 5, 41,263, 277, 279; traditional culture, 159; traditionalism and traditional, 39, 125, 128 Transylvania, 85n4 Trinidad, 201 Trubetzkoy, Nikolai, 187 Trump, Donald, 268 Tulcea, Tulcea county, Romania, 261 Turkle, Sherry, 244, 250 TVRI, 92 Twitter, 244^45, 269, 279 Ukraine, 24, 157, 278;
Ukrainians, 271 unemployment, 77 UNESCO 2003 Convention for Intangible Cultural Heritage, 259; UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage, 272-74 Ungureanu, Cosmin (interviewee), 110, 113, 114, 115, 116, 121, 125-26 United Nations, 274 United States of America, 1, 7, 56,128, 156, 162, 168, 169, 186, 192,216, 232, 284; American, 206, 268 Vaidei, Hunedoara, Romania, 85n4 Valea Mare, Iași, Romania, 113 values, 38, 83, 129, 135-79, 180n3, 241, 244, 245, 249, 250, 288; peasants system of values, 135-79, 181, 186, 187, 213, 217, 223, 266, 277, 281; peasants’values, 10, 11, 133, 13579, 275; rural values, 128, 135-79 Vascani, Iași, Romania, 47, 98 Vatra Domei, Suceava, Romania, 261,262, 268 Verdery, Katherine, 277 Vestal Virgins, 256n3
326 Veterinary Medicine University of Iași, Romania, 121 Via Campesina, (The Peasants ' Way), 273-74, 279 video games, 215, 228, 244, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252; Bloodborne, 247; Captain Novolin, 247; Ghost of Tsushima, 247; Horizon Zero Dawn, 247; Icarus Proudbottom, 241՛, The Last of Us, 247; Mister Mosquito, 247; Pokemon, 248; Street Fighter, 247; Sven, 247 Villa, Pancho, 156 violence, 62, 63, 75-77, 80, 84, 91, 100, 101, 103, 106, 110-20, 124, 127, 128, 131, 132, 139, 204,213, 233, 244, 247, 248, 249, 255, 289; cultural violence, 91, 100, 101, 102; mild physical violence, 62, 63, 66, 67, 68,131, 165; physical violence, 4, 100, 32, 75-77, 110-20, 244; symbolyc violence, 11, 38, 39, 272, 272, 279; theories of violence, 91, 97, 100, 101,132; violence as a cultural performance, 91, 97, 132; violent confruntation, 91,129; violent game, 130 Vissarion, I.C., 142 Voice ofAmerica (radio), 142 Voicu, Cornelia (interviewee), 40, 264 Index Volintirești, Iași, Romania, 303 Vulcan, Hunedoara, Romania, 282 Walachia, 90 Wales, 191 Welling, Swedish ambasador, 21-23, 85n4, 143 Whitehead, Neil L., 91, 97 Whitsuntide, 6, 156 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 212, 217-27, 237, 250, 254, 288, 290; and family resemblances, 219; and language games, 211, 212, 217, 218, 219, 220, 223, 225, 227, 228, 230, 237, 241, 254; and life forms or forms of life, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 254 Wolf, Eric, 153, 157-58, 183, 266 The Wooing Ceremony, 203 working-class culture, 216, 234, 236, 237, 240, 241, 245 World War II, 1, 7, 19, 20, 25-26, 46, 55, 127, 184, 200, 227 Wright, Frank Lloyd, 230 YouTube,
92, 132-33, 269, 274, 279 Yugoslavia, 16n2 Zaharia, Alin (interviewee), 53, 80-81 Zapata, Emiliano, 156 Zece Prăjini, Iași, Romania, 113 Zelenin, Dmitry, 187 |
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| geographic | Ukraine Südwest (DE-588)4522542-4 gnd Rumänien Nordost (DE-588)4608168-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Ukraine Südwest Rumänien Nordost |
| id | DE-604.BV048652405 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:20:07Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:45:05Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781666915433 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034027164 |
| oclc_num | 1376408879 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xiii, 327 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20230413 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Lexington Books |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Rus, Alin Verfasser (DE-588)1285183967 aut The globalization of rural plays in the twenty-first century Alin Rus Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London Lexington Books [2023] © 2023 xiii, 327 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "The Globalization of Rural Plays in the Twenty-First Century excavates the neglected ideological substratum of peasant folk plays by closely analyzing the promotion, exploitation, and transformation of traditional practices from northeastern Romania and southwest Ukraine" Bauerndrama (DE-588)4349662-3 gnd rswk-swf Ukraine Südwest (DE-588)4522542-4 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien Nordost (DE-588)4608168-9 gnd rswk-swf Folk literature, Romanian / Bukovina (Romania and Ukraine) / History and criticism Folk drama, Romanian / Bukovina (Romania and Ukraine) / History and criticism Folklore / Bukovina (Romania and Ukraine) Theater / Bukovina (Romania and Ukraine) Folk drama, Romanian Folk literature, Romanian Folklore Theater Europe / Bukovina Criticism, interpretation, etc Rumänien Nordost (DE-588)4608168-9 g Ukraine Südwest (DE-588)4522542-4 g Bauerndrama (DE-588)4349662-3 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-66691-544-0 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034027164&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034027164&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034027164&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Rus, Alin The globalization of rural plays in the twenty-first century Bauerndrama (DE-588)4349662-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4349662-3 (DE-588)4522542-4 (DE-588)4608168-9 |
| title | The globalization of rural plays in the twenty-first century |
| title_auth | The globalization of rural plays in the twenty-first century |
| title_exact_search | The globalization of rural plays in the twenty-first century |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The globalization of rural plays in the twenty-first century |
| title_full | The globalization of rural plays in the twenty-first century Alin Rus |
| title_fullStr | The globalization of rural plays in the twenty-first century Alin Rus |
| title_full_unstemmed | The globalization of rural plays in the twenty-first century Alin Rus |
| title_short | The globalization of rural plays in the twenty-first century |
| title_sort | the globalization of rural plays in the twenty first century |
| topic | Bauerndrama (DE-588)4349662-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bauerndrama Ukraine Südwest Rumänien Nordost |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034027164&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034027164&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034027164&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rusalin theglobalizationofruralplaysinthetwentyfirstcentury |