Imagining Slovene socialist modernity: the urban redesign of Ljubljana's beloved Trnovo neighborhood, 1951-1989
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West Lafayette, Indiana
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[2023]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Central European studies
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix INTRODUCTION i i. VISIONS OF UPSCALE SOCIALIST MODERNITY “Above-Standard” High-Rises in the Trnovo Neighborhood s Historic Core z. HIGH SOCIALISM’S PROMISES FOR SOCIALIST LIVING Murgles Single-Family Homes and the Individual’s Paradise 3. WHERE THE SOCIALIST FOLK LIVE Rakova Jelša’s Vernacular but Unsanctioned Architecture Pushes the Boundaries of the Socialist Cityin High Socialism 4. THE HISTORIC DISTRICT THAT WASN’T History Revisited and Jože Plečnik’s Eternal Architecture Surpassed 23 65 92 127 EPILOGUE 178 Notes 181 Bibliography Index 215 227 About the Author 249
BIBLIOGRAPHY PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS Arhitekt Sinteza Slovenski etnograf Varstvo spomenikov ARCHIVAL SOURCES Zavod za varstvo kulturne dediščine Slovenije, območna enota Ljubljana (ZVKDS) [Institute for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of Slovenia, Ljubljana Regional Office] Archives and Photograph Archive on Krakovo Archives and Photograph Archive on Trnovo Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana (ZAL) * [Historical Archives of Ljubljana] Fond LJU 30—District People’s Committee Ljubljana (name when accessed in zoi 3) Fond LJU ίγ—Ward People s Committee VI (Rakovnik-Vič), 1945-1952 (name when accessed in 2010) Fond LJU 79—Municipal Peoples Committee Ljubljana-Vič, 1955-1961 (name when accessed in 2010) Fond LJU 80 —Assembly of Municipality of Ljubljana Vič-Rudnik (name when accessed in 2010 and 2013) Fond LJU 80/1 —Assembly of Municipality of Ljubljana Vič-Rudnik (name when accessed in 2013) Fond LJU 80/2—Assembly ofMunicipality of Ljubljana Vič-Rudnik (name when accessed in 2013) Fond LJU 402/4—Municipal Peoples Committee—Assembly of Ljubljana Center (name when accessed in 2014) Fond LJU 465—Municipal People’s Committee Ljubljana, Presidency, 1945-1955 (name when accessed in 2010 and 2013) PLANNING, PRESERVATION, AND CONSERVATION DOCUMENTS Dokumentacijazarealizacijo zazidalne zasnove za del območja urejanja VS2/2 (Trnovoj-Eipprova ulica. Ljubljana: ZIL—TOZD Urbanizem, LUZ Ljubljanski Urbanistični Zavod, 1988. Dopolnitev zazidalnga načrta za severni del VS-i— Trnovo. Ljubljana: Zavod za Izgradnjo Ljubljana,ZIL—TOZD Urbanizem, 1983, adopted 1986. *The Historical Archives of Ljubljana
reorganized their holdings a few times during my research. For clarity, I list the name of an individual collection (find) in the year I accessed it.
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INDEX Page numbers in italics refer tofigures A art nouveau architecture, 133 adobe bricks, too Atelier Dom, 198Ո25 After the Planners (Goodman), 159 Athens Charter, 38 agricultural structures, 16,17,96, too, 10г, Austria, architecture trends from, 67 202Ո30 Austro-Hungarian Empire, 7,24,67 Agrokombinat Barje, 114 Appalachia, 3 В Architect {Arhitekt, journal), 34,80,146,151, Basic Law on Housing Cooperatives, 115 176; Dwellingsfor Our Conditions and, 70-71; Scandinavian inspirations and, 75-76; socialist urbanity and, 26-28; ur ban planning research and, 29. See also Synthesis {Sinteza, journal) architects, 21; Eastern European, 5, 86; Hungarian, 106; Slovene, 24,25-26,66, 70-71,75-76,103-6. See abo specific people Architectural Museum, 153,158-59,167-69, 168,170 architecture: folk/traditional, 3-4,99-101, Basic Organization of Associated Labor Urbanism, 120,173 Basic Urban Principlesfor the Directive Plan ofLjubljana, 96-97 Bauman, Richard, 3 Belgrade, 24,188Ո24; illegal construction in, 98 Ben-Amos, Dan, i8ini Berman, Marshall, 3 Bežan, Marjan, 190Ո40 Bezek, Julija, 44 105-6,108,144,196Ո4,20Ш16; histori- Bežigrad, 179 cizing, 127; individualism in, 88-89;na- Bill, Max, 76 tional, 4,20,101; rural, 66-68, roo, 101, “black construction” {črnagradnja}. See un 104,106,144-46; Scandinavian inspira sanctioned architecture tions in, 30-32,70,72,75-76, 81, 88; ver Bogenšperk Castle, 52 nacular, 94-95, 99-106,108-10,125-26, Bosnia, 8 196Ո4,20tni6,2Օ2Ո20. See also built en Briggs, Charles, 3 vironment; planning; unsanctioned ar brotherhood and unity, 7 chitecture ; and
individual architects building materials, 100 archives: Corpus of Slovene Architecture, 167; silence of, 19-20, 48, 82,156,162 built environment: everyday socialist, 99110; neighborhood history and, 6; preser Arh, Mojca, 170 vationists’ management of, 22; socialist, art conservation, 129-31, 207ПЮ in Rakova Jelša, 110-22; socialist vernacu art history, 130-31,173. See also Vienna School lar, 99-101. See abo architecture Built with Faith (Sciorra), too
228 INDEX C Construction Land Fund, 173 Cankar, Izidor, 17,68,130,15 г carré, 135-36,139-41,146,178, 21ՕՈ37 Castle Hill, i Castle Tower, 2 Central Europe, 1,180; historic preserva tion as profession in, 128; Krakovo signif icance in, 147 Cerknica Lake, 52 Cevc, Emiljan, 136-37,147 Change and Supplement to the Construction Planfor theArea ofthe Construction Island VS-iand VS-102—Trnovo, 167-70 “Change to the Intended Use ofLand in Rakova Jelša,” 114 Construction Planfor RakovaJelša, 120-22, 122-21 chic socialism, 9-10,32-34,179 Church of the Holy Rood (Križanke), 151-52 Church Road. See Eipprova Road СІАМ. See International Congresses of Modern Architecture cinder blocks, 100 City Museum ofLjubljana, 207Ո12 class divides, 88,89,125 collective lobbying, 112-13,115-18 collective solidarity, 89 Cominform Crisis, 7,25 Commission for Old Ljubljana, 209Ո29 Commission on Nationalization, 69 Communal Fund, 114 comprehensive planning, 30,138,187Ո20 Comrade {Tovariš) (magazine), 23 Conference ofArchitects on Housing, 31 Congress ofthe International Federation for Housing and Planning, 31 Conservation Categorization and Conservation Guidelines: Eipprova Road, Partii (Ljubljana Regional Institute for Historic Preservation), 160,172 Conservation Report, 209Ո31 Conservation Report-Art Historical Monumentsand Urbanism-Krakovo, 138 construction: “black” {črnagradnja), 98; of housing, in Hungary, 96; of Murgle, 89; popular, 103; prefabricated, 67, 71; quality of, 119; unsanctioned, 98-99,119 Construction Planfor Soseska S-i Trnovofor theArea ofthe Construction Island VS-i Trnovo,
45,50,198Ո25; single-family housing and, 78-79 Construction Planfor theArea VS 102/2—RakovaJelša, 1—Architectonic Portion, in Construction Plan for Trnovo, 153-54 Construction Planfor VS-i, 45 consumer society and consumerism, 5,32-34, 65,76-77,197Ո19,189Ո28 Corpus ofSlovene Architecture archive, 167 Council for Housing Matters, 208Ո13 Council for Urbanism, 113 councils, 7-8 Croatia, 8 cultural landscapes, 145 cvartal, 38 Czechoslovakia, 5,77,131; building materials Used ІП, 5, IOO, 20ІП20 Czech Republic, 130 D Decree on Coordinating the General Plan for the Urban Development of the City ofLjubljana, 45-46 Decree on the Change to the Plan, 168 Decree on the Protection ofImmovable CulturalMonuments and ofNature in the Central and Wider Area ofthe City of Ljubljana, 141 Department fot Communal and Construction Affairs, 118 Department for Managing and Renting Construction-Appropriate Land, 118 Department of Legal Affairs, 113-14 design projects, requirements for, 187Ո20 directed housing construction {usmerjena stanovanjskagradnja), 154,198Ո23 Division for Historic Preservation, 207Ո12 Djilas, Milovan, 125 Dobrava, 106
INDEX Documentationfor the Realization ofthe Construction Basisfor Part 229 Finžgar, Fran Šaleški, 17,68 First Part ofthe Documentationfor ofthe Management Area VS 2/2 the Realization ofa Portion ofthe (Trnovo)—Eipprova Road, 173 Reconstruction ofVS-i— Trnovo, 154-55, Dvořák, Max, 130-31,207Ո10 Dwellingsfor Our Conditions (exhibit), 27,28, US, 156-58,165 first Yugoslavia (term), 7. See also Kingdom 72-74,14 6,17 9; local in, 3 9; “One-Family Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes Houses in Slovenia” buildingon, 86; socialist modern design articulated through, 70-7$ Dyckman, John, 35 Fister, Peter, 167 E folk crafts, 203Ո33 early architectural modernism, 31,57-62, folk lifeways, 56 folklore studies, 3-4, ։8։nj, 195Ո96; method tji East Berlin, 127 Easter earthquake of 1895,13,23,66 Eastern Europe: historic sites in, 128; social ist cityin, 4-5; urbanization of, 6; urban spaces during socialism in, 127 East Germany, 76; sociahst realism in, 127 economic concerns, 154-56 Eipper, Ernest, 157 Fitch, James Marston, 130 Five-Year Plan, 107-8 folk architecture, 3-4,99-101, Г05-6,108, 144, 196Ո4,2oini6 ologies and, 17-19. See also ethnology folkloristics, 3-4, ։8։ni, 201П16 folklorists, 144, 195096 Frankfurt kitchen, 67 furniture, 28·, Scandinavian design in, 76 Fürst, Danilo, 75 G Eipprova Road, 48,155-57,161-62,170-7։, 171-72,173-74 Eisenstadt, Shmuel, 3 electrical grid, 49-50,96 Elektro Ljubljana, 117 Emona, J34,136 Gaberščik, Boris, 160 Gabrijan, Dušan, 105,152 gardens: “folksy” vegetable, 51-57; Krakovo, Emonska Street, 136 ethnic identities, 9 33 77 General Law on the Management and Use
of ethnographic monuments, 144 ethnology, 107-ю, 144,201П16,203Ո32. See also folklore studies everyday architecture. See vernacular archi tecture everyday socialist built environment, 99-110 everyday structures. See vernacular architec ture exceptionalism, 119-20,180 Municipal Lands, Ј89П35 General Urban Plan (GUP), 5։, 76,78, J42- F Fabiani, Max, 24,145 Faculty of Architecture, 167 federal executive council, 189Ո34 5^,55, W, Trnovo, 51-54,54-55,5 6-5 7, 60,62 GDR (German Democratic Republic), 5, 43,145,147; creation of, 40-43,41·, pres ervation studies for, 138; Rakova Jelša classification in, 96,113-14,118; Rakova Jelša development plan referencing, 12։ geographers, 144 German Democratic Republic (GDR), 5, 33 77 Glasnik (magazine), 44 The Glory ofthe Duchy ofCarniola (Valvasor), 12,52,54,136,142 good life, 32-34 Goodman, Robert, 159
230 INDEX Gorenje, jj Gorenjska house, іо 8 Gorizia, 103 Trnovo, 68-69; Ljubljana growth and, 93-94; panel, 5; policies for, 34,47,77, date plans and, 147 Gradaška Road, 173 green spaces, 50; Rakova Jelša as, 96-98 Guček, Milan, 163-65 GUP. See General Urban Plan 78, i86nio; single-family in high so cialism period, 77; single-family in in terwar period, 66-68; socialist, in Trnovo, 78-90; vernacular, 93-96, 99-103 housing cooperatives, 115-16,118-20 housing districts, 154 housing funds, 77,112,114,116,198Ո22 “Housing Management and Urbanization in Slovenia,” 77 housing market, 77,78,91,189^9,198Ո23 housing reforms, 97,189Ո35 Hradčany castle complex, 58 Hungary, 33,77; architects of, 106; housing construction in, 96 H I hayracks, 104,105-6,202Ո30 Herder, Johann, 56 high-rises, Trnovo plans for, 44-50,15357.165 high socialism, 29,34,76-77; exiting, 146- ICCROM (International Center for the Study of Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property), 145 illegal construction. See unsanctioned archi tecture illegal self-building, 94-95 improvisation, 97 individualism, 89 industrial design, 73 industrialization, 144, i86nio Gorjup, Dušan, 122-21,160 GP Technika, 192Ո69 Gradaščica River, 11,51,135,171-72·, conserva tion of, 171-73; Eipprova Road and, 15657, iği; embankments, i¡, 48, 59, 61,148, t¡o,159; high-rise plans and, 47-48,15455,192Ո72,198Ո15; historic structures along, 147,158; houses along, 69; housing near, 69; sewer plans and, 49; Trnovo up 47; “One-Family Houses in Slovenia” and, 85-88; Rakova Jelša and, 95,125 Historical Archives of Ljubljana, 18 Historical
Ljubljana, 133,136,141 historically significant sites, 131-32; politics of culture and, 128 historicization, 144 historicizing architecture, 127 historic preservation, 127,167; in early social ism, 129-37; meanings of, 129; as profes sion, 128; proposals for Trnovo historic core buildings, 170-72; of Trnovo his toric core, 169-70 Historic Preservation Assessment and Conservation Guidelines: Eipprova Road, Part I (Ljubljana Regional Institute for Historic Preservation), 137,170-72 homesteads, 67-68 house commune, 93 housing: as commodity, 153-54; interwar informal utility connections, 96 infrastructure, 49-50,76, 77,169-70, 192Ո69; Rakova Jelša and, 117,121,125 Inspectorate for Crafts, 69 Institute for Social Development of Ljubljana, 120 Institute for the Management of Old Ljubljana, 42,132,138,140,208Ш5 Institute for the Protection of Cultural Heritage ofSlovenia, 18 International Center for the Study of Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM), 145 International Congresses of Modern Architecture (СІАМ), 3z, 37-39
INDEX 231 international connections, 35-36 boundaries of, 209Ո13; conservation re interwar monuments, 127 ports, J71-72,174, 209Ո29, 209Ո31; doc interwar period: art conservation during, umenting, 167; Eipprova Road and, 161- 131; single-family homes in towns and vil 62; gardens, ¡2, sj, 134,17S , high socialism lages, 66-68; Trnovo housing, 6 8 - 6 9 and, 147; preservation and, 133-42, 169; inward-facing discourses, 90 Protection Zone status, 210Ո37; as ru Iskra, 33,189Ո30 ral preserve, 146; single-family houses in, Ivanšek, France, 21, 65,75,91,95, rey, 15a; 69; street network of, 64,78,128,136,137·, Dwellingsfor Our Conditions and, 70-71, stylistic redefining of, 138-42; Valvasor 74; individualism opposed by, 89; Murgle descriptions of, 52-53 and, 66,81; “One-Family Houses in Krakovo: Existing Conditions and Slovenia,” 85-88,90; Scandinavia and, 32; Construction Plan (Ljubljana Institute for single-family homes and, 79-80; soseska Historic Preservation), 139-40 and, 37 Ivanšek, Marta, 70,75,80-81,90-91,95 Krakovo Levee, 13s, 174 Krakovo: ProtectedAmbientArea (Ljubljana Institute for Historic Preservation), 134, Jakopič, Rihard, 68 I39 W-V,I4O Krakovska Road, 134,135,140 Jeanneret, Charles-Édouard (Le Corbusier), Kralj, Niko, 28,71-72,75 31-31,51,75 Jernejec, Mitja, 37-39,75 Kranj, 145,207ПЮ Krečič, Peter, 16,152-53,163-65,212Ո69; Jože Plečnik and the Otto Wagner School Architectural Museum and, 167-69; ur (Pozzetto), 151 ban plan response by, 158-62 Jugovec, Oton, 106 Kregar, Rado, 67 Jurčeva Path, ízt Kremenšek, Slavko, 107 Krim, 2 К Kristl, Stane, ići-62,212Ո69
Kamnik Alps, t Kulić, Vladimir, 185Ո40, ւ88ոշւ Kanalizacija, 49 Kardelj, Edvard, 7,18,44 L Karst house, 108 Labor (newspaper), 16,18,49,158,162-63 Karunova Road, 4,153,168, 170,171 Lajovic, Janez, 71,72 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, 7, Lapajne, Miloš, 70 14 5б, 59 Kitsch exhibition, 10g late socialism, 90,176; interwar monuments Kladežna Road, 135 and, 127; preservation in, 147-53; Rakova Jelša and, 122,125 Klagenfurt, 67 Law on Natural and Cultural Heritage, 167 Kobe, Boris, 68 Law on Regional Planning, 30 Kokole, Vladimir, 144-45 Law on the Nationalization of Rental Konjušnica stables, 147,154-55 Kotěra, Jan, 57 Kotkin, Steven, 4 Kozolec (building popularly known as), 106 Krakovo, 11-14, 22, 41, 48,234,176-77; Properties and Construction Land, 77 Law on Urban Planning, 30 Le Corbusier (Charles-Édouard Jeanneret), 31-32,51,75 LeNormand, Brigitte, 98
232 INDEX Lettuce-Village {Solatendorf), 16,134,179; local discourses: inward-facing, 90; urban becoming soseska, 43-44 Ljubljana, 1-1,12·, Easter earthquake and, 13- spaces and, 127-28 LUZ. See Ljubljana Urban Institute 14; General Urban Plan for (see General Urban Plan}·, growth of, 29,93-94,143; Μ Historical, 133,136,141; historically signif Macedonia, 9,105; preservation profession icant sites, 131-32; improvisationalpreser in,130 vation, 131-32; mid-1960s development, Magnetic Mountain (Kotkin), 4 138; as modern urban city, 176; National Magnitogorsk, 38 Gallery, 152; neighborhoods of, 22; Plečnik Malešič, Martina, 82 plans for, 58-591 preservation agency, Mali Graben, 91,97,192Ո72,198Ո25; Rakova 138,207012; railway and growth of, 13; Jelša boundaries and, 121 Rakovajelša incorporation into, 120-22; Maribor, 67 single-family housing in, 66-68; soseska market capitalism, 33 districts, 39; unregulated growth in, 96; ur market reforms, 77 ban development in, 145; urban planners material culture, i8ini of, 21,24; Valvasor descriptions of, 51-54, May, Ernst, 38 5 6 ; World War II and, 14. See ако Trnovo Mesar, Jože, 67 Ljubljana Castle, 14 microraìon, 3 8 Ljubljana Castle Tower, 1-2 Mihevc, Edo, 106 Ljubljana housing authorities, Miloševič, Slobodan, 8 Ljubljana-Vič-Rudnik Municipality and, Mirje neighborhood, 47,66 ПЗ-15 Ljubljana Institute for Historic Preservation, modernism, 103-6; early, 31,57-62,152; pre 157.139-40 Ljubljana Market, 179 modernity: constructing socialist, 94-96; war conceptions of, 151 defining, 3; everyday encounter with, Ljubljana Moor {Barje},
г, 12, i6,80 3-4; prewar encounters with, 50-51; in Ljubljana Regional Institute for Historic sociahst Yugoslav context, 63-64. See ако Preservation, 170,172 Ljubljana Urban Institute (LUZ), 159,173, 198Ո25; greater Trnovo plans, 44-45; GUP by, 40; Krakovo and, 141; Rakova Jelša and, 112-14,120 Ljubljana-Vič-Rudnik Municipality, 112-13, socialist modernity Molė, Vojeslav, 130 monuments, 127,141; ethnographic, 144; National Liberation Struggle, i¡i Monuments Conservation (journal), 42,133, 139,143,144 179; Ljubljana housing authorities and, mud bricks, 100 113-15; Rakovajelša plan adopted by, 121; Municipal Citizens’ Assembly of Ljubljana, Rakovajelša self-organization attempt and, 116-17; Rakovajelša tensions with, 117-19 Ljubljanica River, 1-2, 12,255, 14° И^ 173, preservation study committee, 132 Municipal Citizens’ Assembly of Ljubljana-Center, 41-42,138,141; preser vation working group, 132 274; embankments, 48,59,61,14g, 157, ібў, Municipality ofLjubljana, 173 housing near, 66,69; Rakovajelša bound Municipality of Ljubljana-Center, 167 aries and, 97,121; sewer plans and, 49; Municipal Waterworks Ljubljana, 49 Trnovo update plans and, 140,147,154-56 Murgle housing development, 91, 95; con local communities, 8 struction of, 89; individualism and, 89;
INDEX state socialism and, 88; Trnovo outer pe rimeter and, 88 Murgle neighborhood, i6, 21, 64,80-86, Si- ¡S, 87·, complicating aspects of one-family houses in, 88-90 233 pan-Yugoslav organizations, 30-31 parking, 89,122,156,179 Patterson, Patrick, 32 The Peasant Home in the Slovene Pannonian World exhibition, 10g Mušič, Marjan, 105 Peirce, Charles Sanders, 11 Mušič, Vladimir (Braco), 35-36,38-39,71, People s Revolution monuments, 141 Permanent Conference of Towns of Yugoslavia, 70,179 72,190Ո40 N Perry, Clarence, 38 national architecture, 4, 2.0, ιοί national folk, 53,56,107,108,100, no, 195Ո96 National Gallery, 152. Peršin, Aleksander, 122-21,160,192Ո69 National Liberation Struggle monument, Ці, 167 National Liberation War, 151 Nebotičnik, 60,145 neighborhood unit, 38. Sec soseska The Netu Class (Djilas), 125 Neto World (Novi svet) (magazine), 40 Non-Aligned Movement, 33 Nova Gorica, 103 О Office for Historic Preservation, 108ПІ3 Office for Managing and Renting Land, 118 Old Ljubljana, 58,133,143,209Ո23 old residents of Trnovo {stari Trnovčani), 164 Omahen, Janko, 67 “One-Family Houses in Slovenia” (Ivanšek, F.), 85-88,90 oral narrative: reports of, 194Ո90; signifi cance of, 19-20; on Trnovo, 18 Otorepec, Mojca Terčelj, 16 Ottoman Empire, 7 our bright future, 7,33,125,136 “Our Housing Environment” ( Jernejec), 3740 outbuildings. See agricultural structures P panel housing, 5 Pannonian house, 108,10g pan-Slavic movements, 56 Pibernik, Anton, 37,71,72 Piran, 145 planning, 185Ո7 Plečnik, Jože, 2,27,78, 126, 129,179; Le Corbusier and, 32; Gradaščica River em bankments, ry,
48,59,61,148, iso, 157, 172·, innerTrnovo and, 68; late 1960s re considerations, 152-53; Ljubljanica River embankments, 48,59, 61,14g, 157, i6$·, master plan proposals, 24; in post war period, 14^,144-50, 151,251; preser vation ofworks of, 133-34, bG 167-69, 173-74; residence, 68,153,158-59; social ism and, 21; socialist modernity and, 5762; Trnovo and, 16,21-22,50-51,17677; Trnovo Bridge, is, 60-61,175·, works of, 148 Plečniks Ljubljana {Plečnikova Ljubljana), 59-61,148 Pogačnik, Andrej, 37 politics of culture, historic sites and, 128 popular architecture, io 1. See also vernacular architecture popular construction, 103. See also vernacu lar architecture Pozzetto, Marko, 152 prefabricated construction, 67,71 Prelovšek, Damjan, 152 Prelovšek, Matko, 58,148 premodernity, 56-57,62, no Prešeren, France, 16,159,177,179 preservationists, 143-45,208Ո13,208Ո151 GUP and, 41-42; improvisation by, 13132; self-management and, 144
234 INDEX Programmatic Portion ofthe Construction Plan, 44,46-50,147 Project Atelier Ljubljana, 45,138,I9inć4, 209Ո28 Revolution Square, 42 Riegl, Alois, 131 row homes (terrace homes), 71-72,74,91; in dividualism and, 89; France Ivaniek on, 80; in Murgle neighborhood, 80-81, 82, go·, in Rakova Jelša werkplan, 121-22, Project on the Protection of Natural and Cultural Heritage, 167 Proposalfor the Sanation ofRakovaJelša, 98 Proposalfor the Withdrawal ofthe Construction Planfor the Area 122-23 Rozman, Ksenija, 139, 209Ո31 VS-i— Trnovo, 43 “Protection of Immoveable Cultural Monuments in the Area of the Ljubljana-Center Municipality” {Monuments Protection), 143 “The Protection of Settlements and Landscapes in Light of Their Transformation” (Kokole), 144 Rudnik, 112 rural architecture, 66-68,100, 101,704, іоб, Protection Zone status, 210Ո37 public buildings, 117 public program, 157,77г R railways, 13 Rakova Jelša, 16, 21-22, 64,9։, 91,111, 163; classifications of, 96,98,118; high so cialism and, 95,11$; immigration to, 112; Ljubljana incorporation of, 110-22; lob bying by residents of, 112-13; LUZ and, 113-14; planning participation from, 119- Rožna dolina, 66 J44-46 rural village communities, 67,146 s Saturday Supplement, 159 Scandinavia: design examples from, 37; fur niture design from, 76; inspirations from, 50-31.75 Sciorra, Joseph, 100 SCT, 161 second Yugoslavia (term), 7 self-building, 98; illegal, 94-95; lobbying for, 112-13 self-determination, 195Ո96 self-help, 115 self-management, 7,153; preservationists and, 144 Sert, Josep Lluís, 38 20; public perception of, 122;
reclassifica tion ofland in, 118; self-organization at Sever, Savin, 71,72 sewer system. See wastewater management tempt, 115-17; single-family homes in, 124·, socialist built environment in, 110- shopping tourism, 33 silence of the archives, J9-20,48,82,156, 22; structures of, 102; traits of residences in, 101; unsanctioned development in, 96-99 162 single-family homes, 77,103,103,166·, com plicating aspects of, 88-90; in inter rational furniture, 71 Ravnikar, Edvard, 32,57,70,75,80 RealPests (film), 16,92-93 regionalplans, 187Ո20 Rems, Roman, 44,160,212Ո69 republic offices, i86nio “The Restoration of the Krakovo Reliefin Ljubljana” (Cevc), 136 warperiod towns and villages, 66-68; Ivanšekand, 79-80; 1968-1972 plans, 78-79; in Rakova Jelša, 124·, self-built, 94-95 Šlajmer, Marko, 35 The Slovene Ethnographer (journal), 107 Slovene Ethnographic Museum, 108, no Slovene ethnologists, 107-10
INDEX 235 Slovene national costume, log Split municipality, 190Ո40 Slovenia: businesses in, 33; geography of, 8; Stalin, Josef, 7; Tito split with, 15 historic preservation as profession in, 118-30; independence, 8,178-80 Šmarna Gora, г stari Trnovčani (old residents of Trnovo), 164 social discontent, 88 state reorganization, 153-54 socialism, i-z, 6; architecture and, 65; cen trality of urban in, 185Ո7; folk crafts un der, 103Ո33; historic preservation in early, state socialism, 107,119, i86nio; Murgle and, 119-37; oral narrative during, 19-10; as unifying ideological force, 9-10; urban modern and, 141-46; vernacular in, no- 11; Yugoslav state, 15,76-77. See abo high socialism; late socialism; state socialism socialist cities, 179; comprehensive planning for, 138; in Eastern Europe, 4-5; exten sion to edges, 96-99; temporal edge of, 133; upscale soseska districts, 49-50; ver nacular structures in, 101-3 socialist housing, in Trnovo, 44-51, 78-90, 96-99,105, no-11,110-14,153-56,1^0, 165-66,172·, and all otherfigures in these pages socialist modernity: constructing, 94-96; ex isting cities and, 13; historic preservation and, 118; local complications to, 51-61; Plečnik and, 57-61; Rakova Jelša and, too socialist planning, participatingin, 119-10 socialist realism, 117 socialist urban planning, early, 16-19 socialist vernacular built environment, 99IOI social provisions, 49-50 social solidarity, 89 Society ofArchitects of Slovenia, 71 soil issues, Trnovo, 154-56 Solatendorf. See Lettuce-Village soseska, 37-40,63-64,78,146,198nz5; up scale districts, 49-50 Soviet planning
models, 185Ո7 Soviet Union: dissolution of, 8; housing pro grams, 5; Yugoslavia and, 15 Spinčič, Ivo, 67 Split 3.35,39 Starc, Nives, 190Ո40 state housing funds, 198Ո11 88; urban planners and, 15 state-sponsored consumerism, 31,189Ո19 Statute ofthe Ljubljana-Center Municipality, 167 Stelė, France, 58,130-31,145,148, 107П10 St.John the Baptist Bridge. See Trnovo Bridge 33,7i Štule, Josef, 131 ՏէօէշՀ Šumi, Nace, 41,131-34,136-39,109Ո31 Supplement to the Construction Plan, 136 Švabičeva Road, 156,165, J71 Synthesis (journal), 19,33-35,37,76,80. See also Architect [Arhitekt, journal) T Technical Portion ofthe Construction Planfor VS-iand VS-102—Trnovo, 46,47,4950; on local complications, 51 Tehnika, 50 telephone lines, 49,96 terrace homes. See row homes “Terrace Homes in Slovenia” (Ivanšek, E), 79-80 Tito, Josip Broz, 7-8,110,153; New Year’s Day radio address of 1947,13,94; Non-Aligned Movement and, 33; Stalin split with, 15 Titova Street, iit-zz, 191071,198Ո15 Tomažič, France, 67 Town Commons, 198Ո15 traditional architecture. See folk architecture transportation: automobilefor, 89; rail way impact on, 13; Rakovajelša and, hi; rights-of-way for, 41; storage for, 91 Trata row home, 71,72 Trieste, 13, 67
236 INDEX Trnovo, շ, io-i8, zo, 42,9 і,126; development plan for, 21,43-49,45-46,147; Easter earthquake and, 13; emerging nostalgia in, 162-64; engagement success in, 165; first urban modernity encounters in, 5051; gardens, 51-54,54֊55, ,6-17, бо, 6г·, high-rise plans, 48-49,153-57,161-62,165; high-rises, 165-66·, historic preservation and, 127,167,169-72; interwar period housing, 68-69; interwar period repu tation, 51-52; late socialism and, 14748 ; Ljubljana-Vič-Rudnik Municipality and, n 2; local responses and changes to urban plan, 157-65; medieval origins of greater, 134-37; Murgle and outer perim eter of, 88; 1968-1972plans, 78-79; plan ningdesignations for, 198Ո25; Plečnik and, 59,61,148; Plečnik works preserved in, 173-74; redevelopment plans, 156·, unity in design, 79 University ofEdward Kardelj, 167 University ofLjubljana, 58 unsanctioned architecture, 93-94, 98-99, 125-26; construction quality of, 119 unsanctioned construction, 98-99 urban development, 27,145,208Ո20 Urban Institute, 29, i86nio urbanism, i86nio Urbanism—Fairy Talesand Truth (Mušič), 36 urban planners, 21, 24, 63-64; international connections, 35-36; Mušič considerations single-family homes, 166·, under social ism, 178; socialist housing in (see socialist for successful, 36; self-building and, 95; state socialism and, 25; Trnovo historic core preservation and, 169-70 urban planning, i86nio, 187Ո20; early so cialist, 26-29; first period of Slovenian, 27; high socialism and, 29; in interwar period, 24; laws and, 30; research in, 29; zoning in, 191Ո63 housing, in Trnovo); soil issues in, 15456;
street network preservation in, 128; urban spaces: local discourses and, 127-28; as readable text, 127-28; of socialist-era Eastern Europe, 127 structures of, 102; Valvasor descriptions °С SI-54, 56 Trnovo andKrakovo (brochure), 179 Trnovo Birder-Men and Salad-Ladies (Otorepec), 16 Trnovo Bridge, 15,59,60-61,148,150,175·, conservation of, 173 Trnovo Church, 12-13,15,134,147-48,157, 175·, conservation of, 173; high-rise plans and, 48; Plečnik and, 58-59; Vrhovnik and, 53; World Warlland, 14 The Trnovo Parish in Ljubljana (Vrhovnik), 16,53,68,164 Trnovo soseska plans, 44-49,45-46 Trnovo Wharf, 48,69,155,160-61,170,172 Trnovska Road, 165,172 U United States: historic preservation mean ings in, 129; historic sites in, 128; zoning in, 191Ո63 utility connections, informal, 96 V Valvasor, Johann Weichardvon, 12-13,51-54, 56,136,137,140,142 vegetable gardens, “folksy,” 51-57 vernacular, 6; in socialism, 110-22 vernacular architecture, 94-95,99-106,10810,120,125-26,196Ո4,201П16,202Ո26 vernacular housing, 93 vernacular structures, 101-3,104,125-26 Vič, 112 Vič-Rudnik, 12։ Vienna, 13 Vienna School, 130-31,133,176 village rural, 138-42 villas, 66 Vogelna Road, 172 Voices ofModernity (Briggs and Bauman), 3 Vrhovnik, Ivan, 16,53-54,68,164,195Ո96
237 INDEX VS-i, 192Ո72, 198Ո15; changes to plans for, 154; planning for, 44-47,45-46, Yugoslav state socialism, 25,76-77 Yugoslavia: breakup of, 8; “chic socialism” of, 9-10, 32-34,179; collective solidar ity and, 89; Cominform Crisis and, 7, 25; consumer society and consumerism in, single-family housing in, 66,78-79 VS-102,49,66,78,192Ո72,198Ո25 VS 102/2, 112,122-23 Vurnik, Ivan, 27,61,67 5,32-34, 65, 76-77,197ПІ9,189Ո28; de sign styles in, 30-31; economic growth in, 8; ethnic identities in, 9; exception W alism of, 180; first (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes), 7,24,56,59,75; Wagner, Otto, 57,152 wastewater management, 49-50,96, no, housing programs, 5,33-34; market re forms in, 33, 77, 91; modernization in, 144; nationalism and, 9-10; in post war era, 7-9, 23-24; preservation work in, 131; reorganization in, i86nio; sec ond Yugoslavia (term), 7; Soviet bloc and, 25; state reorganization in, 153-54; state socialism in, 25,76-77; unsanc tioned housing construction quality in, 119; workers’ self-management in, 7-8, 116-18,125,192Ո69 water supply, 96 Whisnant, David, 3 Williams, Michael Ann, 3 worker-run companies, 189Ո30 workers’ self-management, 7-8,33,153-54 World War II: Ljubljana and, 14; Yugoslavia and, 7 Wreath ofSonnets (Prešeren), 16,159,179 Wright, Frank Lloyd, 31 33^53-54 Y Yugo-house (jugo-hiïa), 101-2 Yugoslav Army, 8 Yugoslav Constitution of 19 53,26,30 Yugoslav Constitution of 1963,29,33 Yugoslav Constitution of 1974,8,90,93,112, 120,153-54,187Ո20 z Železnik, Alenka, 170,172 Železnik, Milan, 143-45 Ziherlova Street, 165 zoning, 41,191Ո63 Zupan,
Ivan, 67 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
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CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix INTRODUCTION i i. VISIONS OF UPSCALE SOCIALIST MODERNITY “Above-Standard” High-Rises in the Trnovo Neighborhood s Historic Core z. HIGH SOCIALISM’S PROMISES FOR SOCIALIST LIVING Murgles Single-Family Homes and the Individual’s Paradise 3. WHERE THE SOCIALIST FOLK LIVE Rakova Jelša’s Vernacular but Unsanctioned Architecture Pushes the Boundaries of the Socialist Cityin High Socialism 4. THE HISTORIC DISTRICT THAT WASN’T History Revisited and Jože Plečnik’s Eternal Architecture Surpassed 23 65 92 127 EPILOGUE 178 Notes 181 Bibliography Index 215 227 About the Author 249
BIBLIOGRAPHY PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS Arhitekt Sinteza Slovenski etnograf Varstvo spomenikov ARCHIVAL SOURCES Zavod za varstvo kulturne dediščine Slovenije, območna enota Ljubljana (ZVKDS) [Institute for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of Slovenia, Ljubljana Regional Office] Archives and Photograph Archive on Krakovo Archives and Photograph Archive on Trnovo Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana (ZAL) * [Historical Archives of Ljubljana] Fond LJU 30—District People’s Committee Ljubljana (name when accessed in zoi 3) Fond LJU ίγ—Ward People s Committee VI (Rakovnik-Vič), 1945-1952 (name when accessed in 2010) Fond LJU 79—Municipal Peoples Committee Ljubljana-Vič, 1955-1961 (name when accessed in 2010) Fond LJU 80 —Assembly of Municipality of Ljubljana Vič-Rudnik (name when accessed in 2010 and 2013) Fond LJU 80/1 —Assembly of Municipality of Ljubljana Vič-Rudnik (name when accessed in 2013) Fond LJU 80/2—Assembly ofMunicipality of Ljubljana Vič-Rudnik (name when accessed in 2013) Fond LJU 402/4—Municipal Peoples Committee—Assembly of Ljubljana Center (name when accessed in 2014) Fond LJU 465—Municipal People’s Committee Ljubljana, Presidency, 1945-1955 (name when accessed in 2010 and 2013) PLANNING, PRESERVATION, AND CONSERVATION DOCUMENTS Dokumentacijazarealizacijo zazidalne zasnove za del območja urejanja VS2/2 (Trnovoj-Eipprova ulica. Ljubljana: ZIL—TOZD Urbanizem, LUZ Ljubljanski Urbanistični Zavod, 1988. Dopolnitev zazidalnga načrta za severni del VS-i— Trnovo. Ljubljana: Zavod za Izgradnjo Ljubljana,ZIL—TOZD Urbanizem, 1983, adopted 1986. *The Historical Archives of Ljubljana
reorganized their holdings a few times during my research. For clarity, I list the name of an individual collection (find) in the year I accessed it.
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INDEX Page numbers in italics refer tofigures A art nouveau architecture, 133 adobe bricks, too Atelier Dom, 198Ո25 After the Planners (Goodman), 159 Athens Charter, 38 agricultural structures, 16,17,96, too, 10г, Austria, architecture trends from, 67 202Ո30 Austro-Hungarian Empire, 7,24,67 Agrokombinat Barje, 114 Appalachia, 3 В Architect {Arhitekt, journal), 34,80,146,151, Basic Law on Housing Cooperatives, 115 176; Dwellingsfor Our Conditions and, 70-71; Scandinavian inspirations and, 75-76; socialist urbanity and, 26-28; ur ban planning research and, 29. See also Synthesis {Sinteza, journal) architects, 21; Eastern European, 5, 86; Hungarian, 106; Slovene, 24,25-26,66, 70-71,75-76,103-6. See abo specific people Architectural Museum, 153,158-59,167-69, 168,170 architecture: folk/traditional, 3-4,99-101, Basic Organization of Associated Labor Urbanism, 120,173 Basic Urban Principlesfor the Directive Plan ofLjubljana, 96-97 Bauman, Richard, 3 Belgrade, 24,188Ո24; illegal construction in, 98 Ben-Amos, Dan, i8ini Berman, Marshall, 3 Bežan, Marjan, 190Ո40 Bezek, Julija, 44 105-6,108,144,196Ո4,20Ш16; histori- Bežigrad, 179 cizing, 127; individualism in, 88-89;na- Bill, Max, 76 tional, 4,20,101; rural, 66-68, roo, 101, “black construction” {črnagradnja}. See un 104,106,144-46; Scandinavian inspira sanctioned architecture tions in, 30-32,70,72,75-76, 81, 88; ver Bogenšperk Castle, 52 nacular, 94-95, 99-106,108-10,125-26, Bosnia, 8 196Ո4,20tni6,2Օ2Ո20. See also built en Briggs, Charles, 3 vironment; planning; unsanctioned ar brotherhood and unity, 7 chitecture ; and
individual architects building materials, 100 archives: Corpus of Slovene Architecture, 167; silence of, 19-20, 48, 82,156,162 built environment: everyday socialist, 99110; neighborhood history and, 6; preser Arh, Mojca, 170 vationists’ management of, 22; socialist, art conservation, 129-31, 207ПЮ in Rakova Jelša, 110-22; socialist vernacu art history, 130-31,173. See also Vienna School lar, 99-101. See abo architecture Built with Faith (Sciorra), too
228 INDEX C Construction Land Fund, 173 Cankar, Izidor, 17,68,130,15 г carré, 135-36,139-41,146,178, 21ՕՈ37 Castle Hill, i Castle Tower, 2 Central Europe, 1,180; historic preserva tion as profession in, 128; Krakovo signif icance in, 147 Cerknica Lake, 52 Cevc, Emiljan, 136-37,147 Change and Supplement to the Construction Planfor theArea ofthe Construction Island VS-iand VS-102—Trnovo, 167-70 “Change to the Intended Use ofLand in Rakova Jelša,” 114 Construction Planfor RakovaJelša, 120-22, 122-21 chic socialism, 9-10,32-34,179 Church of the Holy Rood (Križanke), 151-52 Church Road. See Eipprova Road СІАМ. See International Congresses of Modern Architecture cinder blocks, 100 City Museum ofLjubljana, 207Ո12 class divides, 88,89,125 collective lobbying, 112-13,115-18 collective solidarity, 89 Cominform Crisis, 7,25 Commission for Old Ljubljana, 209Ո29 Commission on Nationalization, 69 Communal Fund, 114 comprehensive planning, 30,138,187Ո20 Comrade {Tovariš) (magazine), 23 Conference ofArchitects on Housing, 31 Congress ofthe International Federation for Housing and Planning, 31 Conservation Categorization and Conservation Guidelines: Eipprova Road, Partii (Ljubljana Regional Institute for Historic Preservation), 160,172 Conservation Report, 209Ո31 Conservation Report-Art Historical Monumentsand Urbanism-Krakovo, 138 construction: “black” {črnagradnja), 98; of housing, in Hungary, 96; of Murgle, 89; popular, 103; prefabricated, 67, 71; quality of, 119; unsanctioned, 98-99,119 Construction Planfor Soseska S-i Trnovofor theArea ofthe Construction Island VS-i Trnovo,
45,50,198Ո25; single-family housing and, 78-79 Construction Planfor theArea VS 102/2—RakovaJelša, 1—Architectonic Portion, in Construction Plan for Trnovo, 153-54 Construction Planfor VS-i, 45 consumer society and consumerism, 5,32-34, 65,76-77,197Ո19,189Ո28 Corpus ofSlovene Architecture archive, 167 Council for Housing Matters, 208Ո13 Council for Urbanism, 113 councils, 7-8 Croatia, 8 cultural landscapes, 145 cvartal, 38 Czechoslovakia, 5,77,131; building materials Used ІП, 5, IOO, 20ІП20 Czech Republic, 130 D Decree on Coordinating the General Plan for the Urban Development of the City ofLjubljana, 45-46 Decree on the Change to the Plan, 168 Decree on the Protection ofImmovable CulturalMonuments and ofNature in the Central and Wider Area ofthe City of Ljubljana, 141 Department fot Communal and Construction Affairs, 118 Department for Managing and Renting Construction-Appropriate Land, 118 Department of Legal Affairs, 113-14 design projects, requirements for, 187Ո20 directed housing construction {usmerjena stanovanjskagradnja), 154,198Ո23 Division for Historic Preservation, 207Ո12 Djilas, Milovan, 125 Dobrava, 106
INDEX Documentationfor the Realization ofthe Construction Basisfor Part 229 Finžgar, Fran Šaleški, 17,68 First Part ofthe Documentationfor ofthe Management Area VS 2/2 the Realization ofa Portion ofthe (Trnovo)—Eipprova Road, 173 Reconstruction ofVS-i— Trnovo, 154-55, Dvořák, Max, 130-31,207Ո10 Dwellingsfor Our Conditions (exhibit), 27,28, US, 156-58,165 first Yugoslavia (term), 7. See also Kingdom 72-74,14 6,17 9; local in, 3 9; “One-Family Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes Houses in Slovenia” buildingon, 86; socialist modern design articulated through, 70-7$ Dyckman, John, 35 Fister, Peter, 167 E folk crafts, 203Ո33 early architectural modernism, 31,57-62, folk lifeways, 56 folklore studies, 3-4, ։8։nj, 195Ո96; method tji East Berlin, 127 Easter earthquake of 1895,13,23,66 Eastern Europe: historic sites in, 128; social ist cityin, 4-5; urbanization of, 6; urban spaces during socialism in, 127 East Germany, 76; sociahst realism in, 127 economic concerns, 154-56 Eipper, Ernest, 157 Fitch, James Marston, 130 Five-Year Plan, 107-8 folk architecture, 3-4,99-101, Г05-6,108, 144, 196Ո4,2oini6 ologies and, 17-19. See also ethnology folkloristics, 3-4, ։8։ni, 201П16 folklorists, 144, 195096 Frankfurt kitchen, 67 furniture, 28·, Scandinavian design in, 76 Fürst, Danilo, 75 G Eipprova Road, 48,155-57,161-62,170-7։, 171-72,173-74 Eisenstadt, Shmuel, 3 electrical grid, 49-50,96 Elektro Ljubljana, 117 Emona, J34,136 Gaberščik, Boris, 160 Gabrijan, Dušan, 105,152 gardens: “folksy” vegetable, 51-57; Krakovo, Emonska Street, 136 ethnic identities, 9 33 77 General Law on the Management and Use
of ethnographic monuments, 144 ethnology, 107-ю, 144,201П16,203Ո32. See also folklore studies everyday architecture. See vernacular archi tecture everyday socialist built environment, 99-110 everyday structures. See vernacular architec ture exceptionalism, 119-20,180 Municipal Lands, Ј89П35 General Urban Plan (GUP), 5։, 76,78, J42- F Fabiani, Max, 24,145 Faculty of Architecture, 167 federal executive council, 189Ո34 5^,55, W, Trnovo, 51-54,54-55,5 6-5 7, 60,62 GDR (German Democratic Republic), 5, 43,145,147; creation of, 40-43,41·, pres ervation studies for, 138; Rakova Jelša classification in, 96,113-14,118; Rakova Jelša development plan referencing, 12։ geographers, 144 German Democratic Republic (GDR), 5, 33 77 Glasnik (magazine), 44 The Glory ofthe Duchy ofCarniola (Valvasor), 12,52,54,136,142 good life, 32-34 Goodman, Robert, 159
230 INDEX Gorenje, jj Gorenjska house, іо 8 Gorizia, 103 Trnovo, 68-69; Ljubljana growth and, 93-94; panel, 5; policies for, 34,47,77, date plans and, 147 Gradaška Road, 173 green spaces, 50; Rakova Jelša as, 96-98 Guček, Milan, 163-65 GUP. See General Urban Plan 78, i86nio; single-family in high so cialism period, 77; single-family in in terwar period, 66-68; socialist, in Trnovo, 78-90; vernacular, 93-96, 99-103 housing cooperatives, 115-16,118-20 housing districts, 154 housing funds, 77,112,114,116,198Ո22 “Housing Management and Urbanization in Slovenia,” 77 housing market, 77,78,91,189^9,198Ո23 housing reforms, 97,189Ո35 Hradčany castle complex, 58 Hungary, 33,77; architects of, 106; housing construction in, 96 H I hayracks, 104,105-6,202Ո30 Herder, Johann, 56 high-rises, Trnovo plans for, 44-50,15357.165 high socialism, 29,34,76-77; exiting, 146- ICCROM (International Center for the Study of Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property), 145 illegal construction. See unsanctioned archi tecture illegal self-building, 94-95 improvisation, 97 individualism, 89 industrial design, 73 industrialization, 144, i86nio Gorjup, Dušan, 122-21,160 GP Technika, 192Ո69 Gradaščica River, 11,51,135,171-72·, conserva tion of, 171-73; Eipprova Road and, 15657, iği; embankments, i¡, 48, 59, 61,148, t¡o,159; high-rise plans and, 47-48,15455,192Ո72,198Ո15; historic structures along, 147,158; houses along, 69; housing near, 69; sewer plans and, 49; Trnovo up 47; “One-Family Houses in Slovenia” and, 85-88; Rakova Jelša and, 95,125 Historical Archives of Ljubljana, 18 Historical
Ljubljana, 133,136,141 historically significant sites, 131-32; politics of culture and, 128 historicization, 144 historicizing architecture, 127 historic preservation, 127,167; in early social ism, 129-37; meanings of, 129; as profes sion, 128; proposals for Trnovo historic core buildings, 170-72; of Trnovo his toric core, 169-70 Historic Preservation Assessment and Conservation Guidelines: Eipprova Road, Part I (Ljubljana Regional Institute for Historic Preservation), 137,170-72 homesteads, 67-68 house commune, 93 housing: as commodity, 153-54; interwar informal utility connections, 96 infrastructure, 49-50,76, 77,169-70, 192Ո69; Rakova Jelša and, 117,121,125 Inspectorate for Crafts, 69 Institute for Social Development of Ljubljana, 120 Institute for the Management of Old Ljubljana, 42,132,138,140,208Ш5 Institute for the Protection of Cultural Heritage ofSlovenia, 18 International Center for the Study of Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM), 145 International Congresses of Modern Architecture (СІАМ), 3z, 37-39
INDEX 231 international connections, 35-36 boundaries of, 209Ո13; conservation re interwar monuments, 127 ports, J71-72,174, 209Ո29, 209Ո31; doc interwar period: art conservation during, umenting, 167; Eipprova Road and, 161- 131; single-family homes in towns and vil 62; gardens, ¡2, sj, 134,17S', high socialism lages, 66-68; Trnovo housing, 6 8 - 6 9 and, 147; preservation and, 133-42, 169; inward-facing discourses, 90 Protection Zone status, 210Ո37; as ru Iskra, 33,189Ո30 ral preserve, 146; single-family houses in, Ivanšek, France, 21, 65,75,91,95, rey, 15a; 69; street network of, 64,78,128,136,137·, Dwellingsfor Our Conditions and, 70-71, stylistic redefining of, 138-42; Valvasor 74; individualism opposed by, 89; Murgle descriptions of, 52-53 and, 66,81; “One-Family Houses in Krakovo: Existing Conditions and Slovenia,” 85-88,90; Scandinavia and, 32; Construction Plan (Ljubljana Institute for single-family homes and, 79-80; soseska Historic Preservation), 139-40 and, 37 Ivanšek, Marta, 70,75,80-81,90-91,95 Krakovo Levee, 13s, 174 Krakovo: ProtectedAmbientArea (Ljubljana Institute for Historic Preservation), 134, Jakopič, Rihard, 68 I39 W-V,I4O Krakovska Road, 134,135,140 Jeanneret, Charles-Édouard (Le Corbusier), Kralj, Niko, 28,71-72,75 31-31,51,75 Jernejec, Mitja, 37-39,75 Kranj, 145,207ПЮ Krečič, Peter, 16,152-53,163-65,212Ո69; Jože Plečnik and the Otto Wagner School Architectural Museum and, 167-69; ur (Pozzetto), 151 ban plan response by, 158-62 Jugovec, Oton, 106 Kregar, Rado, 67 Jurčeva Path, ízt Kremenšek, Slavko, 107 Krim, 2 К Kristl, Stane, ići-62,212Ո69
Kamnik Alps, t Kulić, Vladimir, 185Ո40, ւ88ոշւ Kanalizacija, 49 Kardelj, Edvard, 7,18,44 L Karst house, 108 Labor (newspaper), 16,18,49,158,162-63 Karunova Road, 4,153,168, 170,171 Lajovic, Janez, 71,72 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, 7, Lapajne, Miloš, 70 14 5б, 59 Kitsch exhibition, 10g late socialism, 90,176; interwar monuments Kladežna Road, 135 and, 127; preservation in, 147-53; Rakova Jelša and, 122,125 Klagenfurt, 67 Law on Natural and Cultural Heritage, 167 Kobe, Boris, 68 Law on Regional Planning, 30 Kokole, Vladimir, 144-45 Law on the Nationalization of Rental Konjušnica stables, 147,154-55 Kotěra, Jan, 57 Kotkin, Steven, 4 Kozolec (building popularly known as), 106 Krakovo, 11-14, 22, 41, 48,234,176-77; Properties and Construction Land, 77 Law on Urban Planning, 30 Le Corbusier (Charles-Édouard Jeanneret), 31-32,51,75 LeNormand, Brigitte, 98
232 INDEX Lettuce-Village {Solatendorf), 16,134,179; local discourses: inward-facing, 90; urban becoming soseska, 43-44 Ljubljana, 1-1,12·, Easter earthquake and, 13- spaces and, 127-28 LUZ. See Ljubljana Urban Institute 14; General Urban Plan for (see General Urban Plan}·, growth of, 29,93-94,143; Μ Historical, 133,136,141; historically signif Macedonia, 9,105; preservation profession icant sites, 131-32; improvisationalpreser in,130 vation, 131-32; mid-1960s development, Magnetic Mountain (Kotkin), 4 138; as modern urban city, 176; National Magnitogorsk, 38 Gallery, 152; neighborhoods of, 22; Plečnik Malešič, Martina, 82 plans for, 58-591 preservation agency, Mali Graben, 91,97,192Ո72,198Ո25; Rakova 138,207012; railway and growth of, 13; Jelša boundaries and, 121 Rakovajelša incorporation into, 120-22; Maribor, 67 single-family housing in, 66-68; soseska market capitalism, 33 districts, 39; unregulated growth in, 96; ur market reforms, 77 ban development in, 145; urban planners material culture, i8ini of, 21,24; Valvasor descriptions of, 51-54, May, Ernst, 38 5 6 ; World War II and, 14. See ако Trnovo Mesar, Jože, 67 Ljubljana Castle, 14 microraìon, 3 8 Ljubljana Castle Tower, 1-2 Mihevc, Edo, 106 Ljubljana housing authorities, Miloševič, Slobodan, 8 Ljubljana-Vič-Rudnik Municipality and, Mirje neighborhood, 47,66 ПЗ-15 Ljubljana Institute for Historic Preservation, modernism, 103-6; early, 31,57-62,152; pre 157.139-40 Ljubljana Market, 179 modernity: constructing socialist, 94-96; war conceptions of, 151 defining, 3; everyday encounter with, Ljubljana Moor {Barje},
г, 12, i6,80 3-4; prewar encounters with, 50-51; in Ljubljana Regional Institute for Historic sociahst Yugoslav context, 63-64. See ако Preservation, 170,172 Ljubljana Urban Institute (LUZ), 159,173, 198Ո25; greater Trnovo plans, 44-45; GUP by, 40; Krakovo and, 141; Rakova Jelša and, 112-14,120 Ljubljana-Vič-Rudnik Municipality, 112-13, socialist modernity Molė, Vojeslav, 130 monuments, 127,141; ethnographic, 144; National Liberation Struggle, i¡i Monuments Conservation (journal), 42,133, 139,143,144 179; Ljubljana housing authorities and, mud bricks, 100 113-15; Rakovajelša plan adopted by, 121; Municipal Citizens’ Assembly of Ljubljana, Rakovajelša self-organization attempt and, 116-17; Rakovajelša tensions with, 117-19 Ljubljanica River, 1-2, 12,255, 14° И^ 173, preservation study committee, 132 Municipal Citizens’ Assembly of Ljubljana-Center, 41-42,138,141; preser vation working group, 132 274; embankments, 48,59,61,14g, 157, ібў, Municipality ofLjubljana, 173 housing near, 66,69; Rakovajelša bound Municipality of Ljubljana-Center, 167 aries and, 97,121; sewer plans and, 49; Municipal Waterworks Ljubljana, 49 Trnovo update plans and, 140,147,154-56 Murgle housing development, 91, 95; con local communities, 8 struction of, 89; individualism and, 89;
INDEX state socialism and, 88; Trnovo outer pe rimeter and, 88 Murgle neighborhood, i6, 21, 64,80-86, Si- ¡S, 87·, complicating aspects of one-family houses in, 88-90 233 pan-Yugoslav organizations, 30-31 parking, 89,122,156,179 Patterson, Patrick, 32 The Peasant Home in the Slovene Pannonian World exhibition, 10g Mušič, Marjan, 105 Peirce, Charles Sanders, 11 Mušič, Vladimir (Braco), 35-36,38-39,71, People s Revolution monuments, 141 Permanent Conference of Towns of Yugoslavia, 70,179 72,190Ո40 N Perry, Clarence, 38 national architecture, 4, 2.0, ιοί national folk, 53,56,107,108,100, no, 195Ո96 National Gallery, 152. Peršin, Aleksander, 122-21,160,192Ո69 National Liberation Struggle monument, Ці, 167 National Liberation War, 151 Nebotičnik, 60,145 neighborhood unit, 38. Sec soseska The Netu Class (Djilas), 125 Neto World (Novi svet) (magazine), 40 Non-Aligned Movement, 33 Nova Gorica, 103 О Office for Historic Preservation, 108ПІ3 Office for Managing and Renting Land, 118 Old Ljubljana, 58,133,143,209Ո23 old residents of Trnovo {stari Trnovčani), 164 Omahen, Janko, 67 “One-Family Houses in Slovenia” (Ivanšek, F.), 85-88,90 oral narrative: reports of, 194Ո90; signifi cance of, 19-20; on Trnovo, 18 Otorepec, Mojca Terčelj, 16 Ottoman Empire, 7 our bright future, 7,33,125,136 “Our Housing Environment” ( Jernejec), 3740 outbuildings. See agricultural structures P panel housing, 5 Pannonian house, 108,10g pan-Slavic movements, 56 Pibernik, Anton, 37,71,72 Piran, 145 planning, 185Ո7 Plečnik, Jože, 2,27,78, 126, 129,179; Le Corbusier and, 32; Gradaščica River em bankments, ry,
48,59,61,148, iso, 157, 172·, innerTrnovo and, 68; late 1960s re considerations, 152-53; Ljubljanica River embankments, 48,59, 61,14g, 157, i6$·, master plan proposals, 24; in post war period, 14^,144-50, 151,251; preser vation ofworks of, 133-34, bG 167-69, 173-74; residence, 68,153,158-59; social ism and, 21; socialist modernity and, 5762; Trnovo and, 16,21-22,50-51,17677; Trnovo Bridge, is, 60-61,175·, works of, 148 Plečniks Ljubljana {Plečnikova Ljubljana), 59-61,148 Pogačnik, Andrej, 37 politics of culture, historic sites and, 128 popular architecture, io 1. See also vernacular architecture popular construction, 103. See also vernacu lar architecture Pozzetto, Marko, 152 prefabricated construction, 67,71 Prelovšek, Damjan, 152 Prelovšek, Matko, 58,148 premodernity, 56-57,62, no Prešeren, France, 16,159,177,179 preservationists, 143-45,208Ո13,208Ո151 GUP and, 41-42; improvisation by, 13132; self-management and, 144
234 INDEX Programmatic Portion ofthe Construction Plan, 44,46-50,147 Project Atelier Ljubljana, 45,138,I9inć4, 209Ո28 Revolution Square, 42 Riegl, Alois, 131 row homes (terrace homes), 71-72,74,91; in dividualism and, 89; France Ivaniek on, 80; in Murgle neighborhood, 80-81, 82, go·, in Rakova Jelša werkplan, 121-22, Project on the Protection of Natural and Cultural Heritage, 167 Proposalfor the Sanation ofRakovaJelša, 98 Proposalfor the Withdrawal ofthe Construction Planfor the Area 122-23 Rozman, Ksenija, 139, 209Ո31 VS-i— Trnovo, 43 “Protection of Immoveable Cultural Monuments in the Area of the Ljubljana-Center Municipality” {Monuments Protection), 143 “The Protection of Settlements and Landscapes in Light of Their Transformation” (Kokole), 144 Rudnik, 112 rural architecture, 66-68,100, 101,704, іоб, Protection Zone status, 210Ո37 public buildings, 117 public program, 157,77г R railways, 13 Rakova Jelša, 16, 21-22, 64,9։, 91,111, 163; classifications of, 96,98,118; high so cialism and, 95,11$; immigration to, 112; Ljubljana incorporation of, 110-22; lob bying by residents of, 112-13; LUZ and, 113-14; planning participation from, 119- Rožna dolina, 66 J44-46 rural village communities, 67,146 s Saturday Supplement, 159 Scandinavia: design examples from, 37; fur niture design from, 76; inspirations from, 50-31.75 Sciorra, Joseph, 100 SCT, 161 second Yugoslavia (term), 7 self-building, 98; illegal, 94-95; lobbying for, 112-13 self-determination, 195Ո96 self-help, 115 self-management, 7,153; preservationists and, 144 Sert, Josep Lluís, 38 20; public perception of, 122;
reclassifica tion ofland in, 118; self-organization at Sever, Savin, 71,72 sewer system. See wastewater management tempt, 115-17; single-family homes in, 124·, socialist built environment in, 110- shopping tourism, 33 silence of the archives, J9-20,48,82,156, 22; structures of, 102; traits of residences in, 101; unsanctioned development in, 96-99 162 single-family homes, 77,103,103,166·, com plicating aspects of, 88-90; in inter rational furniture, 71 Ravnikar, Edvard, 32,57,70,75,80 RealPests (film), 16,92-93 regionalplans, 187Ո20 Rems, Roman, 44,160,212Ո69 republic offices, i86nio “The Restoration of the Krakovo Reliefin Ljubljana” (Cevc), 136 warperiod towns and villages, 66-68; Ivanšekand, 79-80; 1968-1972 plans, 78-79; in Rakova Jelša, 124·, self-built, 94-95 Šlajmer, Marko, 35 The Slovene Ethnographer (journal), 107 Slovene Ethnographic Museum, 108, no Slovene ethnologists, 107-10
INDEX 235 Slovene national costume, log Split municipality, 190Ո40 Slovenia: businesses in, 33; geography of, 8; Stalin, Josef, 7; Tito split with, 15 historic preservation as profession in, 118-30; independence, 8,178-80 Šmarna Gora, г stari Trnovčani (old residents of Trnovo), 164 social discontent, 88 state reorganization, 153-54 socialism, i-z, 6; architecture and, 65; cen trality of urban in, 185Ո7; folk crafts un der, 103Ո33; historic preservation in early, state socialism, 107,119, i86nio; Murgle and, 119-37; oral narrative during, 19-10; as unifying ideological force, 9-10; urban modern and, 141-46; vernacular in, no- 11; Yugoslav state, 15,76-77. See abo high socialism; late socialism; state socialism socialist cities, 179; comprehensive planning for, 138; in Eastern Europe, 4-5; exten sion to edges, 96-99; temporal edge of, 133; upscale soseska districts, 49-50; ver nacular structures in, 101-3 socialist housing, in Trnovo, 44-51, 78-90, 96-99,105, no-11,110-14,153-56,1^0, 165-66,172·, and all otherfigures in these pages socialist modernity: constructing, 94-96; ex isting cities and, 13; historic preservation and, 118; local complications to, 51-61; Plečnik and, 57-61; Rakova Jelša and, too socialist planning, participatingin, 119-10 socialist realism, 117 socialist urban planning, early, 16-19 socialist vernacular built environment, 99IOI social provisions, 49-50 social solidarity, 89 Society ofArchitects of Slovenia, 71 soil issues, Trnovo, 154-56 Solatendorf. See Lettuce-Village soseska, 37-40,63-64,78,146,198nz5; up scale districts, 49-50 Soviet planning
models, 185Ո7 Soviet Union: dissolution of, 8; housing pro grams, 5; Yugoslavia and, 15 Spinčič, Ivo, 67 Split 3.35,39 Starc, Nives, 190Ո40 state housing funds, 198Ո11 88; urban planners and, 15 state-sponsored consumerism, 31,189Ո19 Statute ofthe Ljubljana-Center Municipality, 167 Stelė, France, 58,130-31,145,148, 107П10 St.John the Baptist Bridge. See Trnovo Bridge 33,7i Štule, Josef, 131 ՏէօէշՀ Šumi, Nace, 41,131-34,136-39,109Ո31 Supplement to the Construction Plan, 136 Švabičeva Road, 156,165, J71 Synthesis (journal), 19,33-35,37,76,80. See also Architect [Arhitekt, journal) T Technical Portion ofthe Construction Planfor VS-iand VS-102—Trnovo, 46,47,4950; on local complications, 51 Tehnika, 50 telephone lines, 49,96 terrace homes. See row homes “Terrace Homes in Slovenia” (Ivanšek, E), 79-80 Tito, Josip Broz, 7-8,110,153; New Year’s Day radio address of 1947,13,94; Non-Aligned Movement and, 33; Stalin split with, 15 Titova Street, iit-zz, 191071,198Ո15 Tomažič, France, 67 Town Commons, 198Ո15 traditional architecture. See folk architecture transportation: automobilefor, 89; rail way impact on, 13; Rakovajelša and, hi; rights-of-way for, 41; storage for, 91 Trata row home, 71,72 Trieste, 13, 67
236 INDEX Trnovo, շ, io-i8, zo, 42,9 і,126; development plan for, 21,43-49,45-46,147; Easter earthquake and, 13; emerging nostalgia in, 162-64; engagement success in, 165; first urban modernity encounters in, 5051; gardens, 51-54,54֊55, ,6-17, бо, 6г·, high-rise plans, 48-49,153-57,161-62,165; high-rises, 165-66·, historic preservation and, 127,167,169-72; interwar period housing, 68-69; interwar period repu tation, 51-52; late socialism and, 14748 ; Ljubljana-Vič-Rudnik Municipality and, n 2; local responses and changes to urban plan, 157-65; medieval origins of greater, 134-37; Murgle and outer perim eter of, 88; 1968-1972plans, 78-79; plan ningdesignations for, 198Ո25; Plečnik and, 59,61,148; Plečnik works preserved in, 173-74; redevelopment plans, 156·, unity in design, 79 University ofEdward Kardelj, 167 University ofLjubljana, 58 unsanctioned architecture, 93-94, 98-99, 125-26; construction quality of, 119 unsanctioned construction, 98-99 urban development, 27,145,208Ո20 Urban Institute, 29, i86nio urbanism, i86nio Urbanism—Fairy Talesand Truth (Mušič), 36 urban planners, 21, 24, 63-64; international connections, 35-36; Mušič considerations single-family homes, 166·, under social ism, 178; socialist housing in (see socialist for successful, 36; self-building and, 95; state socialism and, 25; Trnovo historic core preservation and, 169-70 urban planning, i86nio, 187Ո20; early so cialist, 26-29; first period of Slovenian, 27; high socialism and, 29; in interwar period, 24; laws and, 30; research in, 29; zoning in, 191Ո63 housing, in Trnovo); soil issues in, 15456;
street network preservation in, 128; urban spaces: local discourses and, 127-28; as readable text, 127-28; of socialist-era Eastern Europe, 127 structures of, 102; Valvasor descriptions °С SI-54, 56 Trnovo andKrakovo (brochure), 179 Trnovo Birder-Men and Salad-Ladies (Otorepec), 16 Trnovo Bridge, 15,59,60-61,148,150,175·, conservation of, 173 Trnovo Church, 12-13,15,134,147-48,157, 175·, conservation of, 173; high-rise plans and, 48; Plečnik and, 58-59; Vrhovnik and, 53; World Warlland, 14 The Trnovo Parish in Ljubljana (Vrhovnik), 16,53,68,164 Trnovo soseska plans, 44-49,45-46 Trnovo Wharf, 48,69,155,160-61,170,172 Trnovska Road, 165,172 U United States: historic preservation mean ings in, 129; historic sites in, 128; zoning in, 191Ո63 utility connections, informal, 96 V Valvasor, Johann Weichardvon, 12-13,51-54, 56,136,137,140,142 vegetable gardens, “folksy,” 51-57 vernacular, 6; in socialism, 110-22 vernacular architecture, 94-95,99-106,10810,120,125-26,196Ո4,201П16,202Ո26 vernacular housing, 93 vernacular structures, 101-3,104,125-26 Vič, 112 Vič-Rudnik, 12։ Vienna, 13 Vienna School, 130-31,133,176 village rural, 138-42 villas, 66 Vogelna Road, 172 Voices ofModernity (Briggs and Bauman), 3 Vrhovnik, Ivan, 16,53-54,68,164,195Ո96
237 INDEX VS-i, 192Ո72, 198Ո15; changes to plans for, 154; planning for, 44-47,45-46, Yugoslav state socialism, 25,76-77 Yugoslavia: breakup of, 8; “chic socialism” of, 9-10, 32-34,179; collective solidar ity and, 89; Cominform Crisis and, 7, 25; consumer society and consumerism in, single-family housing in, 66,78-79 VS-102,49,66,78,192Ո72,198Ո25 VS 102/2, 112,122-23 Vurnik, Ivan, 27,61,67 5,32-34, 65, 76-77,197ПІ9,189Ո28; de sign styles in, 30-31; economic growth in, 8; ethnic identities in, 9; exception W alism of, 180; first (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes), 7,24,56,59,75; Wagner, Otto, 57,152 wastewater management, 49-50,96, no, housing programs, 5,33-34; market re forms in, 33, 77, 91; modernization in, 144; nationalism and, 9-10; in post war era, 7-9, 23-24; preservation work in, 131; reorganization in, i86nio; sec ond Yugoslavia (term), 7; Soviet bloc and, 25; state reorganization in, 153-54; state socialism in, 25,76-77; unsanc tioned housing construction quality in, 119; workers’ self-management in, 7-8, 116-18,125,192Ո69 water supply, 96 Whisnant, David, 3 Williams, Michael Ann, 3 worker-run companies, 189Ո30 workers’ self-management, 7-8,33,153-54 World War II: Ljubljana and, 14; Yugoslavia and, 7 Wreath ofSonnets (Prešeren), 16,159,179 Wright, Frank Lloyd, 31 33^53-54 Y Yugo-house (jugo-hiïa), 101-2 Yugoslav Army, 8 Yugoslav Constitution of 19 53,26,30 Yugoslav Constitution of 1963,29,33 Yugoslav Constitution of 1974,8,90,93,112, 120,153-54,187Ո20 z Železnik, Alenka, 170,172 Železnik, Milan, 143-45 Ziherlova Street, 165 zoning, 41,191Ո63 Zupan,
Ivan, 67 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Aplenc, Veronica E. 1968- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1295762536 |
| author_facet | Aplenc, Veronica E. 1968- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Aplenc, Veronica E. 1968- |
| author_variant | v e a ve vea |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048623981 |
| classification_rvk | NQ 8240 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1371318530 (DE-599)BVBBV048623981 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1951-1989 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1951-1989 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Ljubljana-Trnovo (DE-588)4422069-8 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Ljubljana-Trnovo |
| id | DE-604.BV048623981 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:14:20Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:43:18Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781612498133 9781612498126 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033999129 |
| oclc_num | 1371318530 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-255 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-255 |
| physical | x, 237 Seiten Illustrationen, Pläne |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20230626 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Purdue University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Central European studies |
| spelling | Aplenc, Veronica E. 1968- Verfasser (DE-588)1295762536 aut Imagining Slovene socialist modernity the urban redesign of Ljubljana's beloved Trnovo neighborhood, 1951-1989 Veronica E. Aplenc West Lafayette, Indiana Purdue University Press [2023] x, 237 Seiten Illustrationen, Pläne txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Central European studies Geschichte 1951-1989 gnd rswk-swf Städtebau (DE-588)4056795-3 gnd rswk-swf Sozialismus (DE-588)4055785-6 gnd rswk-swf Stadtplanung (DE-588)4056754-0 gnd rswk-swf Ljubljana-Trnovo (DE-588)4422069-8 gnd rswk-swf Ljubljana-Trnovo (DE-588)4422069-8 g Sozialismus (DE-588)4055785-6 s Städtebau (DE-588)4056795-3 s Stadtplanung (DE-588)4056754-0 s Geschichte 1951-1989 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-1-61249-814-0 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-61249-815-7 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033999129&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033999129&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033999129&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Aplenc, Veronica E. 1968- Imagining Slovene socialist modernity the urban redesign of Ljubljana's beloved Trnovo neighborhood, 1951-1989 Städtebau (DE-588)4056795-3 gnd Sozialismus (DE-588)4055785-6 gnd Stadtplanung (DE-588)4056754-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4056795-3 (DE-588)4055785-6 (DE-588)4056754-0 (DE-588)4422069-8 |
| title | Imagining Slovene socialist modernity the urban redesign of Ljubljana's beloved Trnovo neighborhood, 1951-1989 |
| title_auth | Imagining Slovene socialist modernity the urban redesign of Ljubljana's beloved Trnovo neighborhood, 1951-1989 |
| title_exact_search | Imagining Slovene socialist modernity the urban redesign of Ljubljana's beloved Trnovo neighborhood, 1951-1989 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Imagining Slovene socialist modernity the urban redesign of Ljubljana's beloved Trnovo neighborhood, 1951-1989 |
| title_full | Imagining Slovene socialist modernity the urban redesign of Ljubljana's beloved Trnovo neighborhood, 1951-1989 Veronica E. Aplenc |
| title_fullStr | Imagining Slovene socialist modernity the urban redesign of Ljubljana's beloved Trnovo neighborhood, 1951-1989 Veronica E. Aplenc |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imagining Slovene socialist modernity the urban redesign of Ljubljana's beloved Trnovo neighborhood, 1951-1989 Veronica E. Aplenc |
| title_short | Imagining Slovene socialist modernity |
| title_sort | imagining slovene socialist modernity the urban redesign of ljubljana s beloved trnovo neighborhood 1951 1989 |
| title_sub | the urban redesign of Ljubljana's beloved Trnovo neighborhood, 1951-1989 |
| topic | Städtebau (DE-588)4056795-3 gnd Sozialismus (DE-588)4055785-6 gnd Stadtplanung (DE-588)4056754-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Städtebau Sozialismus Stadtplanung Ljubljana-Trnovo |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033999129&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033999129&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033999129&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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