Evolution and speciation in plants:
"The total number of plant species may not exceed 374,000 species. The angiosperms, for example, with 1,664 variety per species are 8 times more amenable to generation of new varieties than that (210 variety per species) of animals. A comparison of these values with 1.5 million species in anima...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton ; London ; New York
CRC Press
2022
|
| Ausgabe: | First edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | "The total number of plant species may not exceed 374,000 species. The angiosperms, for example, with 1,664 variety per species are 8 times more amenable to generation of new varieties than that (210 variety per species) of animals. A comparison of these values with 1.5 million species in animals (Pandian, 2021b) suggests a contrastingly different scenario. Plants have evolved 7.7 times more racial/variety diversity than speciation in animals. Despite sessility and with only 374,000 species, plants have amazingly opted for an alternate route of diversification namely variety diversity, which has provided them ~ 8 times better scope for greater diversity. A clear message is that evolution need not necessarily lead to speciation. Instead, it may opt for racial and/or numerical diversity"-- |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xi, 345 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781032192116 9781032192130 |
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| 250 | |a First edition | ||
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| 520 | 3 | |a "The total number of plant species may not exceed 374,000 species. The angiosperms, for example, with 1,664 variety per species are 8 times more amenable to generation of new varieties than that (210 variety per species) of animals. A comparison of these values with 1.5 million species in animals (Pandian, 2021b) suggests a contrastingly different scenario. Plants have evolved 7.7 times more racial/variety diversity than speciation in animals. Despite sessility and with only 374,000 species, plants have amazingly opted for an alternate route of diversification namely variety diversity, which has provided them ~ 8 times better scope for greater diversity. A clear message is that evolution need not necessarily lead to speciation. Instead, it may opt for racial and/or numerical diversity"-- | |
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| adam_text | Contents Preface iii Acknowledgements v 1. General Introduction Introduction 1.1 Classification and Evolution 1.2 Life Cycles 1.3 Species and Diversity 1.4 Racial/Variety Diversity 1.5 Numerical Diversity 1 1 3 7 16 18 30 Part A: Environmental Factors 2. Photosynthesis and Chemosynthesis Introduction 2.1 Photosynthesis 2.2 Nitrogen Acquisition 2.2.1 Direct Acquisition 2.2.2 Indirect N2-fixation 2.3 Secondary Plant Metabolites 2.3.1 Beneficial SPMs 2.3.2 Allelopathy 35 35 35 38 39 45 50 50 52 3. Phototrophic Heterotrophy Introduction 3.1 Carnivorous Plants 3.2 Epiphytes 3.3 Parasitic Plants 53 53 53 56 57 4. Spatial Distribution Introduction 4.1 Horizontal Distribution 4.2 Aquatic Habitat 4.3 Montane Habitat 4.4 Harsh Habitat: The Deserts 60 60 61 65 67 70
viii Evolution and Speciation in Plants Part B: Life History Traits Bl: Sexuality 5. Monoecy: Reproductive Systems Introduction 5.1 Algae and Sexuality 5.2 Systems and Technical Terms 5.3 Escapade from Selfing 80 80 80 82 89 6. Dioecy and Sex Ratio Introduction 6.1 Land Plants 6.2 Sex Ratio 92 92 92 94 7. Polyploids - Hybrids - Grafts Introduction 7.1 Polyploidy: Incidence and Types 7.2 Beneficial Polyploids 7.3 Hybridization 7.4 Graft Hybridization 7.5 Pollinator Shift 7.6 Diversity and Speciation 100 100 100 104 106 108 110 112 8. Parthenogenesis - Apomixis Introduction 8.1 Types and Incidence 8.2 Genes and Transgenics 113 113 113 117 9. Clonáis and Stem Cells Introduction 9.1 Clonal Forms 9.2 Taxonomic Distribution 9.3 Special Cases 9.4 Sternness and Meristem 9.5 Meristems and Stem Cells 9.6 Tissue Types and Clonality 9.7 Tissue Culture—The New Era 119 119 120 123 130 132 134 136 142 Part C: Gametogenesis and Fertilization 10. Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis Introduction 10.1 Haplontic Gametogenesis 10.2 Land Colonization: The Pioneers 10.3 Gametes and Quantification 145 145 145 149 151
Contents ix 11. Heterogamety - Sex Genes Introduction 11.1 The Non-Angiosperms 11.2 Dioecy and Heterogamety 154 154 155 155 12. Annuals - Herbs - Semelpares Introduction 12.1 Annuals and Perennials 12.2 Herbs and Trees 12.3 Resource Allocation 12.4 Semelparity and Iteroparity 12.5 Taxonomic Distribution 159 159 159 161 162 166 167 13. Pollination and Coevolution Introduction 13.1 Biotic and Abiotic Pollination 13.2 Zoophilous Pollination 13.2.1 Pollens and Stigmas 13.2.2 Pollen Viability and Vigor 13.2.3 Pollinators and Pollinated Plants 13.2.4 Attraction and Rewards 13.2.5 Pollination and Pollen Limitation 13.3 Wind Pollination - Anemophily 13.4 Aquatic Angiosperms - Hydrophily 13.5 Coevolution and Diversity 177 177 177 179 179 181 182 185 190 192 194 196 14. Self- and Cross-Fertilization Introduction 14.1 Algae 14.2 Pioneering Land Plants 14.3 Aquatic Gamete Transfer 14.4 Transfer of Pollens 14.5 Cleistogamy 14.6 Genes and Incompatibility 14.7 Quantitative Estimation 200 200 200 201 202 204 205 207 207 15. Spores - Seeds - Dispersal Introduction 15.1 Algae 15.2 Bryophytes 15.3 Tracheophytes 15.4 Gymnosperms 15.5 Angiosperms 209 209 209 211 213 216 216
x Evolution and Speciation in Plants Part D: Germination and Development 16. Germination and Recruitment Introduction 16.1 Algae 16.2 Bryophytes and Tracheophytes 16.3 Flowering Plants 16.4 Germination Stages 225 225 225 227 228 231 17. Brooders and Vivipares Introduction 17.1 Taxonomic Distribution 17.2 Characteristics of Viviparity 17.3 Types of Viviparity 233 233 233 234 236 18. Sex Determination Introduction 18.1 Lower Plants 18.2 Flowering Plants 237 237 237 239 19. Hormones and Differentiation Introduction 19.1 Phytohormones 19.2 Vertebrate Hormones 19.3 Characteristics of Plant Hormones 246 246 246 249 251 Part E: Past, Present and Future 20. Past: Weathering and Oxygenation Introduction 20.1 Geological Time Table 20.2 Weathering and Landscape 20.3 Oxygenation of Atmosphere 255 255 255 258 25^ 21. Present: Conservation and Dormancy Introduction 21.1 Dormancy 21.1.1 Algal Spores 21.1.2 Spores of Bryophytes 21.1.3 Fern Spores 21.1.4 Seeds of Angiosperms 21.2 The Longest Dormancy 21.3 Insitu and Ех-situ Conservation 261 261 261 262 266 266 268 270 273 22. Future: Climate Change Introduction 22.1 Air-Water Interaction 22.2 Algae 274 274 274 276
Contents xi 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 Bryophytes and Ferns Flowering Plants Pollinators and Pollinizers Green Shoots and New Hopes 280 280 283 285 23. References 286 Author Index 321 Species Index 332 Subject Index Author s Biography 344 347
|
| adam_txt |
Contents Preface iii Acknowledgements v 1. General Introduction Introduction 1.1 Classification and Evolution 1.2 Life Cycles 1.3 Species and Diversity 1.4 Racial/Variety Diversity 1.5 Numerical Diversity 1 1 3 7 16 18 30 Part A: Environmental Factors 2. Photosynthesis and Chemosynthesis Introduction 2.1 Photosynthesis 2.2 Nitrogen Acquisition 2.2.1 Direct Acquisition 2.2.2 Indirect N2-fixation 2.3 Secondary Plant Metabolites 2.3.1 Beneficial SPMs 2.3.2 Allelopathy 35 35 35 38 39 45 50 50 52 3. Phototrophic Heterotrophy Introduction 3.1 Carnivorous Plants 3.2 Epiphytes 3.3 Parasitic Plants 53 53 53 56 57 4. Spatial Distribution Introduction 4.1 Horizontal Distribution 4.2 Aquatic Habitat 4.3 Montane Habitat 4.4 Harsh Habitat: The Deserts 60 60 61 65 67 70
viii Evolution and Speciation in Plants Part B: Life History Traits Bl: Sexuality 5. Monoecy: Reproductive Systems Introduction 5.1 Algae and Sexuality 5.2 Systems and Technical Terms 5.3 Escapade from Selfing 80 80 80 82 89 6. Dioecy and Sex Ratio Introduction 6.1 Land Plants 6.2 Sex Ratio 92 92 92 94 7. Polyploids - Hybrids - Grafts Introduction 7.1 Polyploidy: Incidence and Types 7.2 Beneficial Polyploids 7.3 Hybridization 7.4 Graft Hybridization 7.5 Pollinator Shift 7.6 Diversity and Speciation 100 100 100 104 106 108 110 112 8. Parthenogenesis - Apomixis Introduction 8.1 Types and Incidence 8.2 Genes and Transgenics 113 113 113 117 9. Clonáis and Stem Cells Introduction 9.1 Clonal Forms 9.2 Taxonomic Distribution 9.3 Special Cases 9.4 Sternness and Meristem 9.5 Meristems and Stem Cells 9.6 Tissue Types and Clonality 9.7 Tissue Culture—The New Era 119 119 120 123 130 132 134 136 142 Part C: Gametogenesis and Fertilization 10. Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis Introduction 10.1 Haplontic Gametogenesis 10.2 Land Colonization: The Pioneers 10.3 Gametes and Quantification 145 145 145 149 151
Contents ix 11. Heterogamety - Sex Genes Introduction 11.1 The Non-Angiosperms 11.2 Dioecy and Heterogamety 154 154 155 155 12. Annuals - Herbs - Semelpares Introduction 12.1 Annuals and Perennials 12.2 Herbs and Trees 12.3 Resource Allocation 12.4 Semelparity and Iteroparity 12.5 Taxonomic Distribution 159 159 159 161 162 166 167 13. Pollination and Coevolution Introduction 13.1 Biotic and Abiotic Pollination 13.2 Zoophilous Pollination 13.2.1 Pollens and Stigmas 13.2.2 Pollen Viability and Vigor 13.2.3 Pollinators and Pollinated Plants 13.2.4 Attraction and Rewards 13.2.5 Pollination and Pollen Limitation 13.3 Wind Pollination - Anemophily 13.4 Aquatic Angiosperms - Hydrophily 13.5 Coevolution and Diversity 177 177 177 179 179 181 182 185 190 192 194 196 14. Self- and Cross-Fertilization Introduction 14.1 Algae 14.2 Pioneering Land Plants 14.3 Aquatic Gamete Transfer 14.4 Transfer of Pollens 14.5 Cleistogamy 14.6 Genes and Incompatibility 14.7 Quantitative Estimation 200 200 200 201 202 204 205 207 207 15. Spores - Seeds - Dispersal Introduction 15.1 Algae 15.2 Bryophytes 15.3 Tracheophytes 15.4 Gymnosperms 15.5 Angiosperms 209 209 209 211 213 216 216
x Evolution and Speciation in Plants Part D: Germination and Development 16. Germination and Recruitment Introduction 16.1 Algae 16.2 Bryophytes and Tracheophytes 16.3 Flowering Plants 16.4 Germination Stages 225 225 225 227 228 231 17. Brooders and Vivipares Introduction 17.1 Taxonomic Distribution 17.2 Characteristics of Viviparity 17.3 Types of Viviparity 233 233 233 234 236 18. Sex Determination Introduction 18.1 Lower Plants 18.2 Flowering Plants 237 237 237 239 19. Hormones and Differentiation Introduction 19.1 Phytohormones 19.2 Vertebrate Hormones 19.3 Characteristics of Plant Hormones 246 246 246 249 251 Part E: Past, Present and Future 20. Past: Weathering and Oxygenation Introduction 20.1 Geological Time Table 20.2 Weathering and Landscape 20.3 Oxygenation of Atmosphere 255 255 255 258 25^ 21. Present: Conservation and Dormancy Introduction 21.1 Dormancy 21.1.1 Algal Spores 21.1.2 Spores of Bryophytes 21.1.3 Fern Spores 21.1.4 Seeds of Angiosperms 21.2 The Longest Dormancy 21.3 Insitu and Ех-situ Conservation 261 261 261 262 266 266 268 270 273 22. Future: Climate Change Introduction 22.1 Air-Water Interaction 22.2 Algae 274 274 274 276
Contents xi 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 Bryophytes and Ferns Flowering Plants Pollinators and Pollinizers Green Shoots and New Hopes 280 280 283 285 23. References 286 Author Index 321 Species Index 332 Subject Index Author's Biography 344 347 |
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| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:09:48Z |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Pandian, T. J. 1939- Verfasser (DE-588)1055745602 aut Evolution and speciation in plants T.J. Pandian (Valli Nivas, 9 Old Natham Road, Madurai 625014, TN, India) First edition Boca Raton ; London ; New York CRC Press 2022 xi, 345 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index "The total number of plant species may not exceed 374,000 species. The angiosperms, for example, with 1,664 variety per species are 8 times more amenable to generation of new varieties than that (210 variety per species) of animals. A comparison of these values with 1.5 million species in animals (Pandian, 2021b) suggests a contrastingly different scenario. Plants have evolved 7.7 times more racial/variety diversity than speciation in animals. Despite sessility and with only 374,000 species, plants have amazingly opted for an alternate route of diversification namely variety diversity, which has provided them ~ 8 times better scope for greater diversity. A clear message is that evolution need not necessarily lead to speciation. Instead, it may opt for racial and/or numerical diversity"-- Vielfalt (DE-588)4312811-7 gnd rswk-swf Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzenart (DE-588)4297311-9 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd rswk-swf Plants / Evolution Plant species Plant diversity Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 s Pflanzenart (DE-588)4297311-9 s Vielfalt (DE-588)4312811-7 s Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-003-25815-5 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033975839&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Pandian, T. J. 1939- Evolution and speciation in plants Vielfalt (DE-588)4312811-7 gnd Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd Pflanzenart (DE-588)4297311-9 gnd Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4312811-7 (DE-588)4071050-6 (DE-588)4297311-9 (DE-588)4045539-7 |
| title | Evolution and speciation in plants |
| title_auth | Evolution and speciation in plants |
| title_exact_search | Evolution and speciation in plants |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Evolution and speciation in plants |
| title_full | Evolution and speciation in plants T.J. Pandian (Valli Nivas, 9 Old Natham Road, Madurai 625014, TN, India) |
| title_fullStr | Evolution and speciation in plants T.J. Pandian (Valli Nivas, 9 Old Natham Road, Madurai 625014, TN, India) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution and speciation in plants T.J. Pandian (Valli Nivas, 9 Old Natham Road, Madurai 625014, TN, India) |
| title_short | Evolution and speciation in plants |
| title_sort | evolution and speciation in plants |
| topic | Vielfalt (DE-588)4312811-7 gnd Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd Pflanzenart (DE-588)4297311-9 gnd Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd |
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