Russian-American nuclear nonproliferation dialogue: lessons learned and road ahead
This book explores the history of the nuclear nonproliferation dialogue between Russia (USSR) and the United States. By looking into the particulars of bilateral cooperation on NPT, Cooperative Threat Reduction program, arms control, and other issues, the authors offer lessons to be learned in preve...
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Zusammenfassung: | This book explores the history of the nuclear nonproliferation dialogue between Russia (USSR) and the United States. By looking into the particulars of bilateral cooperation on NPT, Cooperative Threat Reduction program, arms control, and other issues, the authors offer lessons to be learned in preventing nuclear confrontations in the future. The book has been prepared in coordination between Russian and American scholars and experts and is a result of a series of Track 2.5 events devoted to restoring the nonproliferation cooperation between Russia and the United States. Covering all the aspects of the bilateral partnership since 1960 until today, this book will interest scholars of great power conflicts and nonproliferation. The workshop and the consequent work on the monograph became possible thanks to generous organizational & financial support from Centre russe d'etudes politiques (Geneva) and the Center for Policy Studies in Russia (Monterey, USA). Dr.Vladimir A.Orlov is expert in international security and Russias foreign policy. Dr. Orlov is the PIR Centers Director and founder, as well as member of its Executive Board. Dr. Orlov is Professor at MGIMO University (since 2017) where he teaches Russian foreign and security policy as well as nuclear non-proliferation (since 2013). He has also been part of UN Secretary General's Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters from 2014-2018. Dr. Orlov is Founder (1993) & President of the Trialogue Club International. Mr.Semenov D. Semenov graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) in 2019. Since 2019, he has worked in the PIR Center as a coordinator of the "Russia and Nuclear Nonproliferation" program and a research fellow. |
Beschreibung: | xxviii, 385 Seiten Illustrationen |
ISBN: | 9789811917158 |
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Contents 1 Preface: The Road Ahead Will Be Mastered By the Walking 1 Vladimir A. Orlov 2 Introduction Vladimir A. Orlov and Sergey D. Semenov P art I 3 4 9 Soviet/Russian-American Cooperation on NPT Negotiations and Extension Negotiations on Articles I and П of NPT: History and Lessons Learned Daria Selezneva Origins of the Multilateral Nuclear Force Proposal Start of Negotiations on the Non-Proliferation Treaty Drafting of Articles I and II of the Non-Proliferation Treaty Revival of the Nuclear Sharing Issue after the End of the Cold War Conclusions Russian-American Cooperation on NPT Extension: Lessons Learned 17 20 25 31 36 45 49 Daria Selezneva XV
xvi CONTENTS In the Lead-Up to the 1995 Review and Extension Conference Preparations for the Review and ExtensionConference Views on the NPT’s Extension Before the 1995 Conference Deliberations Negotiation of the ‘Package DeaP Negotiation of the Resolution on the Middle East Conclusions 51 55 58 63 69 70 75 Part II Russian-American Dialogue on Regional Challenges to Nonproliferation 5 Dialogue on the Iranian Nuclear Program: Lessons Learned and Ignored (1992-2020) Adlan Margoev Policy Foundations 1992-2000. The U.S. Adjusts Russian Policy 2001-2010. Russia Balances Out U.S. Policy on Iran 2011-2016. Russia Facilitates Negotiations 2017-2020. The U.S. Unravels the Deal Conclusion 6 Exchanges on Establishment of a Zone Free of Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Middle East Natalia Artemenkova Introduction Ideas on the Establishment of a Nuclear-Weapons-Free Zone in the Middle East 1995 Review and Extension Conference Factors Contributing to Successful Cooperation 2000 NPT Review Conference 2010 NPT Review Conference, Glion and Geneva The 2012 Conference und the Informal Multilateral Consultation Process Factors Contributing to Succesful Cooperation Results of the 2005 and 2015 Review Conferences Study of Russian and U.S. Proposals Preparing for the 10th NPT Review Conference Conclusions 77 78 80 88 98 105 112 115 116 117 118 122 123 123 127 131 132 134 136 140
CONTENTS xvii Part ПІ Russian-American Dialogue on Arms Control Negotiations of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty Amb. Yuri Nazarkin Article VI of NPT and the Beginning of the Soviet—U.S. 145 Dialogue Interruption of the Dialogue in Early 1980s and Its Resumption The Role of Offense-Defense Relationship in the Dialogue START Negotiations After Reykjavik Summit 1989: New Stage of START Defense and Space Debates in 1989-1991 Negotiations on START in 1989-1991 Political Struggle in Moscow and Washington Around 146 START Internal Diplomacy Conclusions Comparing Approaches Towards Global Zero in the Modern Period Vladislav Chernavskikh 1995-2000: NPT Review Process and Progress on Article VI Obligations 2009-2016: The ‘Prague Speech’ Period 2016-2020: The Trump Administration Looking Ahead and Lessons Learned Nuclear Sharing Arrangements: Military-Technical Aspects and Controversies Nikita Degtyarev and Sergey D. Semenov NATO Nuclear Sharing Arrangements: A Primer The Tacit Understanding Did the Soviet Union Have Its Own Nuclear Sharing? From 1967 to 1991: Decline in Numbers of Us Nuclear Warheads and Systems Deployed in Europe After the Cold War: In Search of Raison d’etre Reemergence of Russian-US. Debate on Nuclear Sharing What Prompted the Reappraisal of the Russian Position? Conclusions 147 148 150 151 152 155 158 161 163 167 168 176 194 201 207 208 212 213 214 216 224 226 228
xviii CONTENTS Part IV Russian-American Cooperation on Nuclear Security and Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy 10 11 Cooperative Threat Reduction and Nuclear Security Initiatives in Bilateral Relations Alexey Polyakov Cooperative Threat Reduction Overview G8 Global Partnership Overview Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism Overview Key Lessons of Cooperation Origins of Russia’s Discontent with Cooperation Conclusions Cooperation on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy Veronika Bedenko Tinding the Way Out of the Cold War HE U-LE U Agreement Plutonium Management Disposition Agreement (PMDA) Lab-to-Lab Cooperation Recent Attempts to Restore Cooperation Prospects for Future Cooperation Conclusions 235 236 238 241 242 237 261 263 264 2 64 269 275 278 278 282 Part V Russian-American Nonproliferation and Arms Control Dialogue Since 1991: From Patronage to Failed Partnership . What’s Next? 12 13 Interaction on Nuclear Nonproliferation in 1990s Through a Prism of Archival Documents 287 Evgenii Kholodnov Removal of Nuclear Weapons from Ukraine Contradictions on Iran Nuclear and Missile Programs The Cooperative Threat Reduction Program Teltsin-Clinton Dialogue on NPT Extension Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Conclusions 287 293 301 309 310 313 Dialogue on Nuclear Issues: Road to Failed Partnership Anastasia Ponamareva and Sergey Ponamarev United States in Pursuit of Absolute Security 315 316
CONTENTS The Law of Force or the Force of Law? Same Game, Different Players—Same Song, Different Chorus Gain an Inch and Ask for a Yard Utilitarian Ethics in Action Conclusions 14 15 ХІХ 320 321 324 330 332 Dialogue on Nuclear Nonproliferation Under Trump Administration 335 Sergey D. Semenov Failure and Legacy of 2015 NPTReview Conference 337 The 2017-2022 NPT Review Cycle 344 Nuclear Ban and Humanitarian Initiative 349 CEND: Creating Excuses for No Disarmament? 350 New START Implementation and Extension Debates 352 P5: Any Chances for Successful Engagement? 354 Iran Nuclear Deal 356 IAEA Safeguards 358 Why No Cooperation? 360 Prospects for the Future 363 Lessons Learned 364 Conclusions Vladimir A. Orlov and Sergey D. Semenov 1966-1991: Superpower Cooperation 1991—2000: Rise and Fall of U.S. Patronage 2001-2008: Consolidation of Unilateralism in U.S. Approaches to Nonproliferation 2009—2015: Reset Error 404 2016-Present: Distrust and Rhetoric. What’s Next? Index 367 368 370 371 372 374 377
Index A ABM, 146, 148, 150, 152, 153, 155, 163, 164, 174, 177, 185, 186 ABM Treaty, 147-150, 152-154, 164, 171-173, 178, 182, 188 Afghanistan, 80, 96, 147, 164 Africa, 51, 54, 55, 59, 60, 67-69, 168, 171, 248, 27! Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 90, 91, 94, 95 Akhromeyev, Sergey, 150 ALCM, 156, 157 Amano, Yukiya, 104 Amrollakhi, Reza, 83 Angarsk, 91 Antonov, Anatoly, 125, 126, 132, 136, 204 AP, 138, 190, 358, 359 Arab-Israeli war, 118 Arms control, vii, 19-21, 29, 31, 40, 41, 43, 50, 71, 72, 83, 116, 121, 122, 125, 126, 131-133, 141, 146, 147, 151, 159, 161-163, 172, 173, 175-183, 185-188, 194, 196-198, 200-203, 206, 226-228, 251, 306, 335, 336, 345, 346, 351-355, 360, 361, 365 Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 21, 72, 121, 153, 169 Arms Control and Regional Security (ACRS), 122, 138 Arms Control Today, 228 Article VI, 53, 54, 58, 146, 147, 164, 170, 173, 175, 180, 181, 190, 191, 204-206, 349 Aspin, Leslie, 250, 251, 301 Atlantic Nuclear Force, 27 В B61, 226, 227 B61-12, 44, 45 Baklanov, Oleg, 158, 159 Baklitsky, Andrey, 200 Ballistic missile, 104, 107, 111, 182 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022 V. A. Orlov and S. D. Semenov (eds.), Russian-American Nuclear Nonproliferation Dialogue, https://doi.org/! 0.1007/978-981-19-1716-5 377
378 INDEX Bangkok Treaty, 354 Beijing, 354, 355 Belarus, 168, 236, 247, 248, 301, 302, 306 Beloyarsk, 271 Benin, 60 Berdennikov, Grigory, 56, 60-62, 65, 71, 118-120, 126, 137, 169 Berlin, 185 Beschloss, Michael R., 160 Big Five, 157, 159 Billingslea, Marshall, 354 BN-800 fest reactor, 271 Bolton, John, 108, 133, 356, 362 Brazil, 94, 171 Brooks, Linton, 153, 163 Budapest, 340 Budapest Memorandum, 122, 192, 248, 340 Bunn, George, 29, 31, 33, 54 Burt, Richard, 151, 153, 157, 160, 161 Bushehr, 79, 81, 84, 86-89, 93, 95, 101, 109, 358 Bush, George W., 21, 88, 95-97, 133, 151, 152, 163, 178-182, 251 ВWC, 138 c C-300, 96 Camp David summit, 255 Canada, 51, 52, 57, 61, 67, 69, 238 CCND, 198 CEND, 197-199, 348, 350, 352 Central Committee of the Communist party, 162 Centrifúge, 83, 96, 100, 102, 107, 109 Chemical weapon, 130, 137, 200, 238, 243-246, 249, 254-258, 306, 344-346, 360 Cheney, Richard, 161, 250 Chernobyl, 245 Chernomyrdin, Viktor, 84, 95 China, 17, 28, 52, 53, 55, 62, 63, 91, 92, 102, 109, 174, 196-198, 200, 225, 226, 354, 357, 365 Christopher, Warren, 60 CIS, 248, 249, 281 Clinton, ВіП, 39, 58, 59, 66, 82, 86, 122, 123, 169, 173, 206, 252, 265-267, 269, 270, 302, 304 Cold War, vii, 19, 20, 36-38, 40, 44, 64, 145, 147, 168, 179, 196, 200, 202, 205, 250, 251, 264, 268, 274, 275, 305, 308, 335, 336, 361 Conference on Disarmament, 56, 349 Congress, 82, 100, 105, 107, 188, 251, 252, 257, 340, 342, 352, 359, 361, 364 Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, 241 Cooper, Henry, 153 Countryman, Thomas, 122, 123, 126, 128-130, 133, 136, 138, 139, 341, 352
COVID-19, 263, 363, 364 Crimea, 362 CSTO, 363 CTBT, 51, 54, 64, 67, 123, 124, 133, 138, 170, 171, 173, 195, 199, 206, 347, 348 CTR, 50, 82, 167, 236-238, 242, 243, 249, 252, 253, 261, 267, 276, 301, 302, 305, 306, 308 Cuba, 24, 225 CWC, 130, 138, 244, 249 D DDPR, 40, 41, 43, 44, 46 De Palma, Samuel, 33 Detinov, Nikolay, 153
INDEX Dhanapaia, Jayantha, 50, 51, 63, 65, 68, 69, 71, 72, 119, 140 Disarmament, vii, 41, 50, 51, 53, 54, 67, 69, 70, 73, 118, 133, 136-138, 141, 167-172, 174-178, 181, 186, 189-201, 203-206, 225, 253, 258, 263, 264, 269, 271, 302, 305, 342-347, 349-354, 362, 363 Dismantlement, 244-246, 249, 256-258, 264, 266, 344 Dobrynin, Anatoly, 146, 203 DoD, 24, 236, 252, 301, 362 DTRA, 252 Dudin, Mikhail, 103 E E3, 91, 95, 97, 110 Egypt, 43, 52, 59, 65, 70, 71, 118, 119, 125, 126, 128, 129, 132, 137, 139, 171, 341, 342, 363 Einhorn, Robert, 94, 100, 101, 338 ElBaradei, Mohamed, 91, 94 ENDC, 26, 29-32, 34 Europe, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 38^0, 42-47, 53, 147, 164, 177, 186, 189, 208, 226-228, 252, 271, 307 Evstafiev, Igor, 83 F Fissile materials, 238, 276, 307 Flynn, Michael, 105 FMCT, 126, 132, 171, 354 Ford, Christopher, 196, 345, 350, 356, 358, 363 Fordow, 91, 101, 102, 109, 357 Foreign Policy Concept, 80 Foster, William, 21, 26, 33, 146 France, 20, 23, 27, 40, 57, 62, 63, 170, 174, 258, 342, 365 379 G G8, 236, 238, 243, 246, 249, 252-257, 261 Geneva, 18, 31, 32, 56, 61, 64, 109, 120, 123, 125, 130, 131, 135, 145, 148-151, 156-163, 276, 345 Germany, 20-23, 25-27, 29, 33, 35, 38, 39, 41, 44, 151 Global Missile and Missile Technologies Non-Proliferation Control System, 172 Global Partnership, 13, 236, 238, 242-247, 249, 252-261 Global zero, 176, 193, 194, 206 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 148, 150, 158-160, 203, 250, 276, 355 Gordon, Philip, 126 Gore, Albert, 60, 67, 84, 95 Gottemoeller, Rose, 204 GPALS, 152, 163, 164 Grachev, Pavel, 304 Graham, Thomas, 50, 122, 131, 169 Gravity bomb, 20, 44, 45,
156 Gromyko, Andrey, 26-28, 32-34, 335 Grossi, Rafael, 110 H Heavy bomber, 149, 155-157, 353 Heavy missiles, 155, 156, 160, 161 Heavy water, 103, 107 Helsinki, 127, 129, 135 HEU, 13, 264-268, 275, 282 HEU LEU, 264, 266-268 HEU-LEU Agreement, 13, 266-268 Hoover Institution, 176 Humanitarian Initiative, 349
380 INDEX IAEA, 71, 79, 81, 91-97, 100, 102-104, 110, 119, 123, 124, 170, 190, 242, 254, 259, 260, 263, 279, 280, 307, 347, 348, 358, 359, 361-363 ICBM, 149, 155, 156, 158, 160-162, 183-185, 353 Ilkaev, Radii, 277 INARA, 105 India, 58, 151, 171, 248, 253 INF Treaty, 42, 149, 152, 158, 192, 197, 200, 203, 204, 340, 344—348, 352, 360 INSTEX, 110 INTERPOL, 254 IPNDV, 344, 351 Iran, 13, 39, 43, 53, 54, 60, 71, 73, 77-86, 88-112, 118, 124, 127, 128, 131-133, 136, 137, 225, 226, 274, 293, 341, 346, 348, 356, 357, 362, 365, 374 Iran nuclear program, 77-79, 84, 86, 89, 92-94, 96, 97, 99, 111, 133 Iraq, 96, 110, 123, 168,248 Israel, 59, 70, 71, 73, 79, 80, 111, 118, 119, 123, 125-131, 133, 136-139, 253, 341, 342, 356, 360, 363, 374 J JCPOA, 78, 101-109, 111, 112, 344, 347, 348, 356-358, 360, 361, 365, 374 Johnson, Lyndon, 26, 28, 30, 32, 33 JPoA, 101 JVE, 277 К Kananaskis summit, 238, 244 Kapralov, Yuri, 174 Kazakhstan, 103, 161, 168, 225, 236, 247, 248, 301, 302, 306, 350 Kennedy, John, 24 KGB, 162 Khatami, Mohammad, 95, 96 Khrushchev, Nikita, 24 Kislyak, Sergey, 60, 120, 122, 137, 228 Kokoshin, Andrey, 270 Kortunov, Andrey, 273 Kozyrev, Andrei, 60 Kuchinov, Vladimir, 103 Kuznetsov, Yuri, 153 Kvitinsky, Yuri, 203 Kyiv, 88 Kyi, John, 340, 342, 352, 359, 361 L Lavrov, Sergey, 99, 124, 273, 336 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 52, 276 League of Arab States, 140 LEU, 13, 94, 101, 265-267 Levin, Carl, 124 Lisbon Protocol, 248 Lisbon summit of NATO, 40 Los Alamos, 15 3, 275, 276 Lugar, Richard, 236 Lukin, Vladimir, 81 Μ Masterkov, Lem, 153 Mattis, James, 105, 356 McCain, John,
340, 342, 352, 359, 361 McCain, JohnMcCain, John, 340 McMaster, Herbert, 105 McNamara, Robert, 29, 146 Medvedev, Dmitry, 96, 176 MEWMDFZ, 116, 123, 132, 134, 135, 139, 140, 341, 348
INDEX Middle East, 50, 59, 65, 69, 70, 72, 73, 78, 80, 116-120, 122-126, 128, 129, 131-139, 141, 169, 255, 337, 340, 342, 347, 363, 374 Mikhailov, Viktor, 83, 267 Military Industrial Commission, 162 Minatom, 265, 266 Missile defense, 124, 137, 152, 171-173, 178, 182, 184, 187, 189, 199, 352 Moiseyev, Mikhail, 163 Morsi, Mohamed, 128 Moscow, vii, 18-20, 23, 29, 31, 33, 34, 42, 50, 60, 79, 83-86, 88, 92, 94-96, 108, 109, 112, 116, 119, 122-124, 126, 129, 134, 135, 140, 145-147, 153, 156-161, 163, 177, 187, 193, 202, 204, 225, 250, 255, 256, 270, 276, 336, 342, 345, 348, 349, 352, 355, 359-361, 365 МОХ, 269-271 Multi-Lateral Force, 21-29, 31, 35, 210, 229 N NAC, 36, 171, 172, 174-176 NAM, 41, 42, 51-55, 57, 59, 60, 68, 70, 72, 169, 225, 226 Narashima, Rao, 58 National Security Strategy, 89, 90 NATO, 18-29, 31, 35-46, 51, 53, 172, 186, 187, 189, 192, 199, 224, 225, 227-229, 249, 272, 340, 347 Nazarkin, Yuri, 160 New York, 32, 33, 42, 50, 65, 108, 118, 126, 132, 139, 158, 160, 161, 345 NFC, 124, 282, 359, 360 Nigeria, 54, 65 381 Nitze, Paul, 35, 150, 151, 203 NNSA, 188 NNWS, 18, 33, 35, 41, 51, 63, 67, 72, 73, 169, 170, 174, 175, 180, 189, 191, 194, 198, 200, 349, 351, 363 Non-proliferation, vii, viii, 18, 24-26, 28-32, 35, 36, 41, 47, 50, 52, 54, 67, 69, 73, 81, 112, 122, 128, 129, 133, 139, 140, 164, 167, 169, 171, 175, 181, 190, 226, 228, 229, 235-238, 245, 247-250, 253, 261, 263, 264, 271, 274, 278, 281, 305, 335-337, 344-349, 351, 352, 357, 358, 360-366, 374 North Atlantic Council, 28 North Korea, 91, 133, 168, 171, 248, 347, 348, 356 Norway, 39, 41, 246, 256, 344 NPG, 29,
37 NPP, 79, 81, 84, 86-89, 93, 109, 271, 358 NPR, 181, 186, 195, 227 NPT, vii, 17-19, 21, 23-25, 27-31, 33-37, 39, 41^3, 45, 47, 49-54, 56-64, 66-70, 72, 73, 79, 86, 90, 91, 109, 116-128, 130-133, 135-137, 139-141, 146, 147, 164, 167-171, 180, 181, 189, 190, 192-194, 198-200, 202, 204-206, 224, 225, 229, 236, 237, 242, 253, 263, 264, 279, 305, 336, 337, 342, 344, 346, 348-350, 354-356, 358, 360, 363, 365 NPTREC, 50-52, 54-57, 60, 62-65, 67-71, 73, 86, 118, 120, 122, 136, 168 NPT RevCon, 36, 41, 64, 68, 116, 123-128, 131-139, 180, 191-193, 198, 206, 235, 236,
382 INDEX 242, 263, 264, 337, 338, 340-342, 344, 355, 356, 362-365 NPT Review and Extension Conference, 119, 121 NPT Review Cycle, 337, 344, 347, 348, 350, 356 NPT Review Process, 41, 120, 170, 189, 194, 356 NSG, 348 NTI, 344 Nuclear arsenal, 20, 146, 167, 171, 175, 178, 187, 188, 195-197, 227, 247, 347, 354 Nuclear Club, 24 Nuclear deterrence, 21, 25, 31, 40, 43 Nuclear deterrent, 187, 350 Nuclear energy, vii, 79, 80, 84, 86, 263, 274, 279-283, 348, 358 Nuclear fuel, 93, 124, 245-247, 256, 269, 279, 281, 282, 359, 360 Nuclear parity, 178 Nuclear policy, 28, 29, 37, 44, 46, 47, 178, 180, 182, 208, 226, 229 Nuclear Power, 79, 182, 247, 269, 278, 280, 281, 283, 358, 365 Nuclear reactor, 264, 271, 283 Nuclear security, vii, 82, 236, 237, 249, 253, 254, 259, 260, 282, 304, 306, 348 Nuclear sharing, vii, 18-20, 31, 34, 36, 37, 39, 41-47, 192, 199, 224, 225, 229, 340, 347, 350 Nuclear Terrorism Convention, 241 Nuclear warhead, 155, 157, 159, 183, 185, 254, 301, 304-306, 342, 344 Nuclear weapons, vii, 13, 17-23, 25-31, 33-43, 45—47, 50, 53, 54, 58, 62, 79, 84, 118, 128, 133, 134, 149, 170, 171, 174-177, 179, 181, 186-191, 194-198, 200, 202, 203, 205, 208, 210, 224-230, 247-250, 260, 264-266, 269, 270, 275, 278, 282, 301, 305, 306, 336, 342-344, 349-351, 354, 356, 357 Nunn-Lugar Program, 13, 50, 167, 268, 301, 302, 306, 307 Nunn, Sam, 236, 250, 251 NWFZ, 26, 70, 116-119, 348 NWS, 21, 60, 63, 68, 72, 169-172, 174, 175, 189, 192-194, 200, 203, 205, 336, 342, 350, 354, 355 О Obama, Barack, 38, 40, 90, 91, 94, 95, 98, 100, 105, 106, 111, 123, 124, 132, 176, 177, 181, 182, 185, 186,
188, 190, 196, 202, 206, 337, 340-342, 351, 352, 359, 361 OPCW, 360, 362 Open Skies Treaty, 344, 347, 360 Operational Code, 14 Orlov, Vladimir, 340 P5, 56, 62, 65, 71, 78, 92-94, 97, 99-102, 123, 125, 126, 131, 133, 172-175, 190, 192, 193, 198, 199, 205, 253, 354-356, 365 P5+1, 78, 94, 97, 99-102, 123, 131 Pakistan, 248, 253 Peaceful use, vii, 79, 279, 280 Perry, Bill, 40 Perry, William, 304 Pershing, 147
INDEX Persian Gulf, 111, 140 Phased Adaptive Approach, 163, 164 Philippines, 225 Plutonium, 269-271, 273, 274, 307 PMDA, 269, 272, 273, 275 Politburo, 159 Pompeo, Michael, 336, 357 Pompeo, Mikhael, 108, 111 Potter, William, 342 Powell, Colin, 163 Prague speech, 176, 181, 194 PrepCom, 55, 57, 61, 90, 109, 126, 128, 129, 134, 135, 198-200, 225, 337, 338, 342, 345-350, 352, 354, 356, 362, 363, 365 Presidential Nuclear Initiative, 167, 226 Proliferation, 21, 35, 36, 43, 45, 50, 82, 93, 98, 112, 122, 131, 167, 172, 179, 210, 225, 236, 238, 247, 249, 251, 260, 282, 283, 302, 336, 337, 345 Proliferation Security Initiative, 259 Prompt Global Strike, 182, 185 Putin, Vladimir, 85, 98, 185, 194, 244, 271-273, 353, 364 R R8cD, 111, 278, 280 Radioactive waste, 245, 256, 269, 279 Rasmussen, Anders Fogh, 39 Reagan, Ronald, 147-151, 203, 355 Review Conference, 126, 130, 141 Reykjavik, 145, 148-151, 155, 156, 158 Rosatom, 102, 103, 109, 268, 278, 280, 357, 361 Roshchin, Alexei, 33 Rouhani, Hassan, 101 RTG, 257 Rusk, David Dean, 23, 26-28, 32 383 Russian Federal Atomic Energy Agency, 245 Russian Federation, 13, 19, 33, 37-10, 42, 46, 47, 50-53, 55-57, 61-63, 66, 67, 69, 71-73, 77-99, 101-103, 108, 109, 112, 116, 118, 120, 122-126, 129-141, 155, 169-174, 176-190, 192-200, 202-206, 224-230, 235-238, 241-250, 252-261, 264-266, 268-274, 276-278, 280-283, 301, 302, 304-307, 335-338, 340-366 Ryabkov, Sergey, 99, 125, 132, 195, 227, 354, 355 Safeguards, 71, 79, 91, 93, 95, 119, 123, 125, 133, 138, 170, 190, 263, 279, 347, 348, 358-361 Saint Petersburg, 103 SALT, 43, 147, 156, 202 SALT I, 147 SALT
II, 147, 156 Sandia National Laboratory, 276 San Juan Capistrano laboratory, 153 Saudi Arabia, 79 Savannah River, 271 Schlesinger, James, 40, 46 Schultz, George, 277 SDI, 147-150, 152, 153, 163, 164 Section 123 Agreement, 340, 342, 352, 359, 361 Security equation, 336 Senate, 28, 35, 123, 124, 147, 171, 186, 252, 340, 342, 352, 359, 361 Shaker, Mohammed, 28 Sherman, Wendy, 102 Shevardnadze, Eduard, 150—152, 157, 160, 161, 277
384 INDEX Shustov, Vladimir, 33 Silo launcher, 160, 161 64-Point Action Plan, 191 SLBM, 155, 158, 162, 184, 185, 353 SLC, 359, 361 SLCM, 157 Smith, David, 153 Smith, Gerard, 21, 24 SNF, 93, 177, 178 Soleimani, Qasem, 110 SORT, 177, 179-181 South Africa, 55, 60, 67, 170, 225 Space, 150, 152, 153, 188 Space, 148 SRAM, 156 SS-18, 155, 160 SS-20, 147 START I, 64, 122, 150, 167, 170 START II, 64, 122, 167, 170, 173, 188 START III, 123, 125, 126, 162, 164, 177, 181, 183-189, 191, 195, 197, 202, 204, 227, 340, 342, 347, 348, 352-355, 359, 361 START Treaty, 150-152, 154, 158, 159, 161, 163, 167, 170, 178, 187, 348 State Department, 24, 32, 33, 106, 116, 196, 350 State Duma, 81, 85 Strategic stability, 172-174, 176, 178, 182, 183, 185, 187, 192, 201, 272, 352 Submarine, 22, 23, 155, 210, 238, 243-247, 249, 254-258 SVR RF, 62, 83 Syria, 65, 71, 99, 103, 130, 137, 194, 200, 225, 272, 274, 345, 346, 362 T Talbott, Strobe, 160 Tallinn, 39 Tehran, 53, 54, 91, 92, 94-96, 101, 105, 109-112, 126, 127, 347, 348, 356 Thirteen steps, 191 Thompson, Llewellyn, 31 Tillerson, Rex, 105, 108 Timerbaev, Roland, viii, 33, 60, 121, 147, 212 TNW, 227, 228 TPNW, 198-201, 348-350, 365 Transparency, 68, 79, 86, 95, 174, 175, 178, 180, 183, 185, 186, 254, 257, 258, 260, 265, 266, 268, 359 Trump, Donald, 105-108, 110-112, 137, 194, 196, 197, 336, 337, 344, 345, 351-353, 360, 361, 363, 364, 374 TTBT, 277 Turkey, 20, 94 2003 Paris Agreement, 91 UK, 20, 22, 27, 40, 55, 57, 61, 73, 170, 243, 246, 258, 337, 340, 341, 344, 345, 355, 365 Ukraine, 13, 88, 103, 168, 188, 194, 200, 236, 247, 248, 267, 272, 278, 301,
302, 306, 337, 338 Ulyanov, Mikhail, 41, 42, 127, 129, 137, 226, 227, 273, 274, 343, 357 UN GA, 32, 118, 137, 346, 350, 355 UNICRI, 254 UNOCT, 254 UNODC, 254 UN SC, 63, 91, 92, 94-96, 108, 112, 124, 169, 177, 241, 357, 358, 363
INDEX Uranium, 89, 94, 101-103, 109, 264-266, 268-270, 275, 282, 357 USA, 13, 17-21, 23-25, 27-35, 39-12, 45-47, 50-53, 55-57, 59, 60, 62, 63, 66, 67, 69-73, 77-90, 92-94, 96, 97, 101, 103, 105, 109-112, 116-120, 122, 123, 126-131, 133-141, 155, 168, 169, 173, 174, 177-181, 188, 189, 192, 194, 196-201, 203-206, 208, 210, 224—231, 235-237, 241-243, 246-249, 252-254, 258-261, 264-266, 269-275, 277, 278, 280, 281, 283, 304-306, 335-338, 340-342, 344-366, 374 U.S. Atomic Energy Act, 19 USEC, 265, 266 USSR, viii, 17-21, 23-27, 29-35, 45, 51, 80, 85, 86, 117, 118, 132, 146-150, 152, 153, 155, 156, 159, 160, 162, 167, 203, 210, 224, 225, 229, 242, 245, 247, 251, 264, 271, 276, 302, 335 V Valdai, 273 Vance, Cyrus, 271 Verification, 100, 102, 110, 113, 133, 158, 177, 178, 180, 183, 266, 268, 277, 344, 351, 354, 359 Vienna, 94, 137, 273, 345, 357 WER, 101, 270 385 W Wall Street Journal, 106, 176 Warsaw Pact, 19, 26, 39 Washington, vii, 18, 20, 28, 31, 34, 42, 46, 50, 57, 58, 83, 86, 95, 97, 99, 101, 105, 110, 112, 116-119, 122-124, 127-129, 131, 132, 134-136, 140, 145, 147-149, 156-161, 163, 173, 187, 193, 198, 202, 231, 251, 271, 336, 345, 347, 349, 352, 353, 355, 357, 359, 360, 362, 364, 365 Weapons-grade plutonium, 270 Weapons-grade uranium, 83 White House, 106, 251, 304 WMD, 85, 120, 124, 128, 134, 135, 137, 138, 141, 236-238, 242-245, 247, 248, 252, 253, 255, 282, 302, 351 WMDFZ, 116, 117, 122, 124-126, 131, 135-139, 337, 347, 363, 374 Wood, Robert, 349 Wyoming, 150-154 Y Yazov, Dmitry, 161 Yeltsin, Boris, 122, 266, 267, 269, 270, 304 Yermakov, Vladimir, 345, 354 Yugoslavia, 172
Z Zangger Committee, 170 Bayerische I Staatsbibliothek I |
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Contents 1 Preface: The Road Ahead Will Be Mastered By the Walking 1 Vladimir A. Orlov 2 Introduction Vladimir A. Orlov and Sergey D. Semenov P art I 3 4 9 Soviet/Russian-American Cooperation on NPT Negotiations and Extension Negotiations on Articles I and П of NPT: History and Lessons Learned Daria Selezneva Origins of the Multilateral Nuclear Force Proposal Start of Negotiations on the Non-Proliferation Treaty Drafting of Articles I and II of the Non-Proliferation Treaty Revival of the Nuclear Sharing Issue after the End of the Cold War Conclusions Russian-American Cooperation on NPT Extension: Lessons Learned 17 20 25 31 36 45 49 Daria Selezneva XV
xvi CONTENTS In the Lead-Up to the 1995 Review and Extension Conference Preparations for the Review and ExtensionConference Views on the NPT’s Extension Before the 1995 Conference Deliberations Negotiation of the ‘Package DeaP Negotiation of the Resolution on the Middle East Conclusions 51 55 58 63 69 70 75 Part II Russian-American Dialogue on Regional Challenges to Nonproliferation 5 Dialogue on the Iranian Nuclear Program: Lessons Learned and Ignored (1992-2020) Adlan Margoev Policy Foundations 1992-2000. The U.S. Adjusts Russian Policy 2001-2010. Russia Balances Out U.S. Policy on Iran 2011-2016. Russia Facilitates Negotiations 2017-2020. The U.S. Unravels the Deal Conclusion 6 Exchanges on Establishment of a Zone Free of Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Middle East Natalia Artemenkova Introduction Ideas on the Establishment of a Nuclear-Weapons-Free Zone in the Middle East 1995 Review and Extension Conference Factors Contributing to Successful Cooperation 2000 NPT Review Conference 2010 NPT Review Conference, Glion and Geneva The 2012 Conference und the Informal Multilateral Consultation Process Factors Contributing to Succesful Cooperation Results of the 2005 and 2015 Review Conferences Study of Russian and U.S. Proposals Preparing for the 10th NPT Review Conference Conclusions 77 78 80 88 98 105 112 115 116 117 118 122 123 123 127 131 132 134 136 140
CONTENTS xvii Part ПІ Russian-American Dialogue on Arms Control Negotiations of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty Amb. Yuri Nazarkin Article VI of NPT and the Beginning of the Soviet—U.S. 145 Dialogue Interruption of the Dialogue in Early 1980s and Its Resumption The Role of Offense-Defense Relationship in the Dialogue START Negotiations After Reykjavik Summit 1989: New Stage of START Defense and Space Debates in 1989-1991 Negotiations on START in 1989-1991 Political Struggle in Moscow and Washington Around 146 START Internal Diplomacy Conclusions Comparing Approaches Towards Global Zero in the Modern Period Vladislav Chernavskikh 1995-2000: NPT Review Process and Progress on Article VI Obligations 2009-2016: The ‘Prague Speech’ Period 2016-2020: The Trump Administration Looking Ahead and Lessons Learned Nuclear Sharing Arrangements: Military-Technical Aspects and Controversies Nikita Degtyarev and Sergey D. Semenov NATO Nuclear Sharing Arrangements: A Primer The Tacit Understanding Did the Soviet Union Have Its Own Nuclear Sharing? From 1967 to 1991: Decline in Numbers of Us Nuclear Warheads and Systems Deployed in Europe After the Cold War: In Search of Raison d’etre Reemergence of Russian-US. Debate on Nuclear Sharing What Prompted the Reappraisal of the Russian Position? Conclusions 147 148 150 151 152 155 158 161 163 167 168 176 194 201 207 208 212 213 214 216 224 226 228
xviii CONTENTS Part IV Russian-American Cooperation on Nuclear Security and Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy 10 11 Cooperative Threat Reduction and Nuclear Security Initiatives in Bilateral Relations Alexey Polyakov Cooperative Threat Reduction Overview G8 Global Partnership Overview Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism Overview Key Lessons of Cooperation Origins of Russia’s Discontent with Cooperation Conclusions Cooperation on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy Veronika Bedenko Tinding the Way Out of the Cold War HE U-LE U Agreement Plutonium Management Disposition Agreement (PMDA) Lab-to-Lab Cooperation Recent Attempts to Restore Cooperation Prospects for Future Cooperation Conclusions 235 236 238 241 242 237 261 263 264 2 64 269 275 278 278 282 Part V Russian-American Nonproliferation and Arms Control Dialogue Since 1991: From Patronage to Failed Partnership . What’s Next? 12 13 Interaction on Nuclear Nonproliferation in 1990s Through a Prism of Archival Documents 287 Evgenii Kholodnov Removal of Nuclear Weapons from Ukraine Contradictions on Iran Nuclear and Missile Programs The Cooperative Threat Reduction Program Teltsin-Clinton Dialogue on NPT Extension Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Conclusions 287 293 301 309 310 313 Dialogue on Nuclear Issues: Road to Failed Partnership Anastasia Ponamareva and Sergey Ponamarev United States in Pursuit of Absolute Security 315 316
CONTENTS The Law of Force or the Force of Law? Same Game, Different Players—Same Song, Different Chorus Gain an Inch and Ask for a Yard Utilitarian Ethics in Action Conclusions 14 15 ХІХ 320 321 324 330 332 Dialogue on Nuclear Nonproliferation Under Trump Administration 335 Sergey D. Semenov Failure and Legacy of 2015 NPTReview Conference 337 The 2017-2022 NPT Review Cycle 344 Nuclear Ban and Humanitarian Initiative 349 CEND: Creating Excuses for No Disarmament? 350 New START Implementation and Extension Debates 352 P5: Any Chances for Successful Engagement? 354 Iran Nuclear Deal 356 IAEA Safeguards 358 Why No Cooperation? 360 Prospects for the Future 363 Lessons Learned 364 Conclusions Vladimir A. Orlov and Sergey D. Semenov 1966-1991: Superpower Cooperation 1991—2000: Rise and Fall of U.S. Patronage 2001-2008: Consolidation of Unilateralism in U.S. Approaches to Nonproliferation 2009—2015: Reset Error 404 2016-Present: Distrust and Rhetoric. What’s Next? Index 367 368 370 371 372 374 377
Index A ABM, 146, 148, 150, 152, 153, 155, 163, 164, 174, 177, 185, 186 ABM Treaty, 147-150, 152-154, 164, 171-173, 178, 182, 188 Afghanistan, 80, 96, 147, 164 Africa, 51, 54, 55, 59, 60, 67-69, 168, 171, 248, 27! Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 90, 91, 94, 95 Akhromeyev, Sergey, 150 ALCM, 156, 157 Amano, Yukiya, 104 Amrollakhi, Reza, 83 Angarsk, 91 Antonov, Anatoly, 125, 126, 132, 136, 204 AP, 138, 190, 358, 359 Arab-Israeli war, 118 Arms control, vii, 19-21, 29, 31, 40, 41, 43, 50, 71, 72, 83, 116, 121, 122, 125, 126, 131-133, 141, 146, 147, 151, 159, 161-163, 172, 173, 175-183, 185-188, 194, 196-198, 200-203, 206, 226-228, 251, 306, 335, 336, 345, 346, 351-355, 360, 361, 365 Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 21, 72, 121, 153, 169 Arms Control and Regional Security (ACRS), 122, 138 Arms Control Today, 228 Article VI, 53, 54, 58, 146, 147, 164, 170, 173, 175, 180, 181, 190, 191, 204-206, 349 Aspin, Leslie, 250, 251, 301 Atlantic Nuclear Force, 27 В B61, 226, 227 B61-12, 44, 45 Baklanov, Oleg, 158, 159 Baklitsky, Andrey, 200 Ballistic missile, 104, 107, 111, 182 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022 V. A. Orlov and S. D. Semenov (eds.), Russian-American Nuclear Nonproliferation Dialogue, https://doi.org/! 0.1007/978-981-19-1716-5 377
378 INDEX Bangkok Treaty, 354 Beijing, 354, 355 Belarus, 168, 236, 247, 248, 301, 302, 306 Beloyarsk, 271 Benin, 60 Berdennikov, Grigory, 56, 60-62, 65, 71, 118-120, 126, 137, 169 Berlin, 185 Beschloss, Michael R., 160 Big Five, 157, 159 Billingslea, Marshall, 354 BN-800 fest reactor, 271 Bolton, John, 108, 133, 356, 362 Brazil, 94, 171 Brooks, Linton, 153, 163 Budapest, 340 Budapest Memorandum, 122, 192, 248, 340 Bunn, George, 29, 31, 33, 54 Burt, Richard, 151, 153, 157, 160, 161 Bushehr, 79, 81, 84, 86-89, 93, 95, 101, 109, 358 Bush, George W., 21, 88, 95-97, 133, 151, 152, 163, 178-182, 251 ВWC, 138 c C-300, 96 Camp David summit, 255 Canada, 51, 52, 57, 61, 67, 69, 238 CCND, 198 CEND, 197-199, 348, 350, 352 Central Committee of the Communist party, 162 Centrifúge, 83, 96, 100, 102, 107, 109 Chemical weapon, 130, 137, 200, 238, 243-246, 249, 254-258, 306, 344-346, 360 Cheney, Richard, 161, 250 Chernobyl, 245 Chernomyrdin, Viktor, 84, 95 China, 17, 28, 52, 53, 55, 62, 63, 91, 92, 102, 109, 174, 196-198, 200, 225, 226, 354, 357, 365 Christopher, Warren, 60 CIS, 248, 249, 281 Clinton, ВіП, 39, 58, 59, 66, 82, 86, 122, 123, 169, 173, 206, 252, 265-267, 269, 270, 302, 304 Cold War, vii, 19, 20, 36-38, 40, 44, 64, 145, 147, 168, 179, 196, 200, 202, 205, 250, 251, 264, 268, 274, 275, 305, 308, 335, 336, 361 Conference on Disarmament, 56, 349 Congress, 82, 100, 105, 107, 188, 251, 252, 257, 340, 342, 352, 359, 361, 364 Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, 241 Cooper, Henry, 153 Countryman, Thomas, 122, 123, 126, 128-130, 133, 136, 138, 139, 341, 352
COVID-19, 263, 363, 364 Crimea, 362 CSTO, 363 CTBT, 51, 54, 64, 67, 123, 124, 133, 138, 170, 171, 173, 195, 199, 206, 347, 348 CTR, 50, 82, 167, 236-238, 242, 243, 249, 252, 253, 261, 267, 276, 301, 302, 305, 306, 308 Cuba, 24, 225 CWC, 130, 138, 244, 249 D DDPR, 40, 41, 43, 44, 46 De Palma, Samuel, 33 Detinov, Nikolay, 153
INDEX Dhanapaia, Jayantha, 50, 51, 63, 65, 68, 69, 71, 72, 119, 140 Disarmament, vii, 41, 50, 51, 53, 54, 67, 69, 70, 73, 118, 133, 136-138, 141, 167-172, 174-178, 181, 186, 189-201, 203-206, 225, 253, 258, 263, 264, 269, 271, 302, 305, 342-347, 349-354, 362, 363 Dismantlement, 244-246, 249, 256-258, 264, 266, 344 Dobrynin, Anatoly, 146, 203 DoD, 24, 236, 252, 301, 362 DTRA, 252 Dudin, Mikhail, 103 E E3, 91, 95, 97, 110 Egypt, 43, 52, 59, 65, 70, 71, 118, 119, 125, 126, 128, 129, 132, 137, 139, 171, 341, 342, 363 Einhorn, Robert, 94, 100, 101, 338 ElBaradei, Mohamed, 91, 94 ENDC, 26, 29-32, 34 Europe, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 38^0, 42-47, 53, 147, 164, 177, 186, 189, 208, 226-228, 252, 271, 307 Evstafiev, Igor, 83 F Fissile materials, 238, 276, 307 Flynn, Michael, 105 FMCT, 126, 132, 171, 354 Ford, Christopher, 196, 345, 350, 356, 358, 363 Fordow, 91, 101, 102, 109, 357 Foreign Policy Concept, 80 Foster, William, 21, 26, 33, 146 France, 20, 23, 27, 40, 57, 62, 63, 170, 174, 258, 342, 365 379 G G8, 236, 238, 243, 246, 249, 252-257, 261 Geneva, 18, 31, 32, 56, 61, 64, 109, 120, 123, 125, 130, 131, 135, 145, 148-151, 156-163, 276, 345 Germany, 20-23, 25-27, 29, 33, 35, 38, 39, 41, 44, 151 Global Missile and Missile Technologies Non-Proliferation Control System, 172 Global Partnership, 13, 236, 238, 242-247, 249, 252-261 Global zero, 176, 193, 194, 206 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 148, 150, 158-160, 203, 250, 276, 355 Gordon, Philip, 126 Gore, Albert, 60, 67, 84, 95 Gottemoeller, Rose, 204 GPALS, 152, 163, 164 Grachev, Pavel, 304 Graham, Thomas, 50, 122, 131, 169 Gravity bomb, 20, 44, 45,
156 Gromyko, Andrey, 26-28, 32-34, 335 Grossi, Rafael, 110 H Heavy bomber, 149, 155-157, 353 Heavy missiles, 155, 156, 160, 161 Heavy water, 103, 107 Helsinki, 127, 129, 135 HEU, 13, 264-268, 275, 282 HEU LEU, 264, 266-268 HEU-LEU Agreement, 13, 266-268 Hoover Institution, 176 Humanitarian Initiative, 349
380 INDEX IAEA, 71, 79, 81, 91-97, 100, 102-104, 110, 119, 123, 124, 170, 190, 242, 254, 259, 260, 263, 279, 280, 307, 347, 348, 358, 359, 361-363 ICBM, 149, 155, 156, 158, 160-162, 183-185, 353 Ilkaev, Radii, 277 INARA, 105 India, 58, 151, 171, 248, 253 INF Treaty, 42, 149, 152, 158, 192, 197, 200, 203, 204, 340, 344—348, 352, 360 INSTEX, 110 INTERPOL, 254 IPNDV, 344, 351 Iran, 13, 39, 43, 53, 54, 60, 71, 73, 77-86, 88-112, 118, 124, 127, 128, 131-133, 136, 137, 225, 226, 274, 293, 341, 346, 348, 356, 357, 362, 365, 374 Iran nuclear program, 77-79, 84, 86, 89, 92-94, 96, 97, 99, 111, 133 Iraq, 96, 110, 123, 168,248 Israel, 59, 70, 71, 73, 79, 80, 111, 118, 119, 123, 125-131, 133, 136-139, 253, 341, 342, 356, 360, 363, 374 J JCPOA, 78, 101-109, 111, 112, 344, 347, 348, 356-358, 360, 361, 365, 374 Johnson, Lyndon, 26, 28, 30, 32, 33 JPoA, 101 JVE, 277 К Kananaskis summit, 238, 244 Kapralov, Yuri, 174 Kazakhstan, 103, 161, 168, 225, 236, 247, 248, 301, 302, 306, 350 Kennedy, John, 24 KGB, 162 Khatami, Mohammad, 95, 96 Khrushchev, Nikita, 24 Kislyak, Sergey, 60, 120, 122, 137, 228 Kokoshin, Andrey, 270 Kortunov, Andrey, 273 Kozyrev, Andrei, 60 Kuchinov, Vladimir, 103 Kuznetsov, Yuri, 153 Kvitinsky, Yuri, 203 Kyiv, 88 Kyi, John, 340, 342, 352, 359, 361 L Lavrov, Sergey, 99, 124, 273, 336 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 52, 276 League of Arab States, 140 LEU, 13, 94, 101, 265-267 Levin, Carl, 124 Lisbon Protocol, 248 Lisbon summit of NATO, 40 Los Alamos, 15 3, 275, 276 Lugar, Richard, 236 Lukin, Vladimir, 81 Μ Masterkov, Lem, 153 Mattis, James, 105, 356 McCain, John,
340, 342, 352, 359, 361 McCain, JohnMcCain, John, 340 McMaster, Herbert, 105 McNamara, Robert, 29, 146 Medvedev, Dmitry, 96, 176 MEWMDFZ, 116, 123, 132, 134, 135, 139, 140, 341, 348
INDEX Middle East, 50, 59, 65, 69, 70, 72, 73, 78, 80, 116-120, 122-126, 128, 129, 131-139, 141, 169, 255, 337, 340, 342, 347, 363, 374 Mikhailov, Viktor, 83, 267 Military Industrial Commission, 162 Minatom, 265, 266 Missile defense, 124, 137, 152, 171-173, 178, 182, 184, 187, 189, 199, 352 Moiseyev, Mikhail, 163 Morsi, Mohamed, 128 Moscow, vii, 18-20, 23, 29, 31, 33, 34, 42, 50, 60, 79, 83-86, 88, 92, 94-96, 108, 109, 112, 116, 119, 122-124, 126, 129, 134, 135, 140, 145-147, 153, 156-161, 163, 177, 187, 193, 202, 204, 225, 250, 255, 256, 270, 276, 336, 342, 345, 348, 349, 352, 355, 359-361, 365 МОХ, 269-271 Multi-Lateral Force, 21-29, 31, 35, 210, 229 N NAC, 36, 171, 172, 174-176 NAM, 41, 42, 51-55, 57, 59, 60, 68, 70, 72, 169, 225, 226 Narashima, Rao, 58 National Security Strategy, 89, 90 NATO, 18-29, 31, 35-46, 51, 53, 172, 186, 187, 189, 192, 199, 224, 225, 227-229, 249, 272, 340, 347 Nazarkin, Yuri, 160 New York, 32, 33, 42, 50, 65, 108, 118, 126, 132, 139, 158, 160, 161, 345 NFC, 124, 282, 359, 360 Nigeria, 54, 65 381 Nitze, Paul, 35, 150, 151, 203 NNSA, 188 NNWS, 18, 33, 35, 41, 51, 63, 67, 72, 73, 169, 170, 174, 175, 180, 189, 191, 194, 198, 200, 349, 351, 363 Non-proliferation, vii, viii, 18, 24-26, 28-32, 35, 36, 41, 47, 50, 52, 54, 67, 69, 73, 81, 112, 122, 128, 129, 133, 139, 140, 164, 167, 169, 171, 175, 181, 190, 226, 228, 229, 235-238, 245, 247-250, 253, 261, 263, 264, 271, 274, 278, 281, 305, 335-337, 344-349, 351, 352, 357, 358, 360-366, 374 North Atlantic Council, 28 North Korea, 91, 133, 168, 171, 248, 347, 348, 356 Norway, 39, 41, 246, 256, 344 NPG, 29,
37 NPP, 79, 81, 84, 86-89, 93, 109, 271, 358 NPR, 181, 186, 195, 227 NPT, vii, 17-19, 21, 23-25, 27-31, 33-37, 39, 41^3, 45, 47, 49-54, 56-64, 66-70, 72, 73, 79, 86, 90, 91, 109, 116-128, 130-133, 135-137, 139-141, 146, 147, 164, 167-171, 180, 181, 189, 190, 192-194, 198-200, 202, 204-206, 224, 225, 229, 236, 237, 242, 253, 263, 264, 279, 305, 336, 337, 342, 344, 346, 348-350, 354-356, 358, 360, 363, 365 NPTREC, 50-52, 54-57, 60, 62-65, 67-71, 73, 86, 118, 120, 122, 136, 168 NPT RevCon, 36, 41, 64, 68, 116, 123-128, 131-139, 180, 191-193, 198, 206, 235, 236,
382 INDEX 242, 263, 264, 337, 338, 340-342, 344, 355, 356, 362-365 NPT Review and Extension Conference, 119, 121 NPT Review Cycle, 337, 344, 347, 348, 350, 356 NPT Review Process, 41, 120, 170, 189, 194, 356 NSG, 348 NTI, 344 Nuclear arsenal, 20, 146, 167, 171, 175, 178, 187, 188, 195-197, 227, 247, 347, 354 Nuclear Club, 24 Nuclear deterrence, 21, 25, 31, 40, 43 Nuclear deterrent, 187, 350 Nuclear energy, vii, 79, 80, 84, 86, 263, 274, 279-283, 348, 358 Nuclear fuel, 93, 124, 245-247, 256, 269, 279, 281, 282, 359, 360 Nuclear parity, 178 Nuclear policy, 28, 29, 37, 44, 46, 47, 178, 180, 182, 208, 226, 229 Nuclear Power, 79, 182, 247, 269, 278, 280, 281, 283, 358, 365 Nuclear reactor, 264, 271, 283 Nuclear security, vii, 82, 236, 237, 249, 253, 254, 259, 260, 282, 304, 306, 348 Nuclear sharing, vii, 18-20, 31, 34, 36, 37, 39, 41-47, 192, 199, 224, 225, 229, 340, 347, 350 Nuclear Terrorism Convention, 241 Nuclear warhead, 155, 157, 159, 183, 185, 254, 301, 304-306, 342, 344 Nuclear weapons, vii, 13, 17-23, 25-31, 33-43, 45—47, 50, 53, 54, 58, 62, 79, 84, 118, 128, 133, 134, 149, 170, 171, 174-177, 179, 181, 186-191, 194-198, 200, 202, 203, 205, 208, 210, 224-230, 247-250, 260, 264-266, 269, 270, 275, 278, 282, 301, 305, 306, 336, 342-344, 349-351, 354, 356, 357 Nunn-Lugar Program, 13, 50, 167, 268, 301, 302, 306, 307 Nunn, Sam, 236, 250, 251 NWFZ, 26, 70, 116-119, 348 NWS, 21, 60, 63, 68, 72, 169-172, 174, 175, 189, 192-194, 200, 203, 205, 336, 342, 350, 354, 355 О Obama, Barack, 38, 40, 90, 91, 94, 95, 98, 100, 105, 106, 111, 123, 124, 132, 176, 177, 181, 182, 185, 186,
188, 190, 196, 202, 206, 337, 340-342, 351, 352, 359, 361 OPCW, 360, 362 Open Skies Treaty, 344, 347, 360 Operational Code, 14 Orlov, Vladimir, 340 P5, 56, 62, 65, 71, 78, 92-94, 97, 99-102, 123, 125, 126, 131, 133, 172-175, 190, 192, 193, 198, 199, 205, 253, 354-356, 365 P5+1, 78, 94, 97, 99-102, 123, 131 Pakistan, 248, 253 Peaceful use, vii, 79, 279, 280 Perry, Bill, 40 Perry, William, 304 Pershing, 147
INDEX Persian Gulf, 111, 140 Phased Adaptive Approach, 163, 164 Philippines, 225 Plutonium, 269-271, 273, 274, 307 PMDA, 269, 272, 273, 275 Politburo, 159 Pompeo, Michael, 336, 357 Pompeo, Mikhael, 108, 111 Potter, William, 342 Powell, Colin, 163 Prague speech, 176, 181, 194 PrepCom, 55, 57, 61, 90, 109, 126, 128, 129, 134, 135, 198-200, 225, 337, 338, 342, 345-350, 352, 354, 356, 362, 363, 365 Presidential Nuclear Initiative, 167, 226 Proliferation, 21, 35, 36, 43, 45, 50, 82, 93, 98, 112, 122, 131, 167, 172, 179, 210, 225, 236, 238, 247, 249, 251, 260, 282, 283, 302, 336, 337, 345 Proliferation Security Initiative, 259 Prompt Global Strike, 182, 185 Putin, Vladimir, 85, 98, 185, 194, 244, 271-273, 353, 364 R R8cD, 111, 278, 280 Radioactive waste, 245, 256, 269, 279 Rasmussen, Anders Fogh, 39 Reagan, Ronald, 147-151, 203, 355 Review Conference, 126, 130, 141 Reykjavik, 145, 148-151, 155, 156, 158 Rosatom, 102, 103, 109, 268, 278, 280, 357, 361 Roshchin, Alexei, 33 Rouhani, Hassan, 101 RTG, 257 Rusk, David Dean, 23, 26-28, 32 383 Russian Federal Atomic Energy Agency, 245 Russian Federation, 13, 19, 33, 37-10, 42, 46, 47, 50-53, 55-57, 61-63, 66, 67, 69, 71-73, 77-99, 101-103, 108, 109, 112, 116, 118, 120, 122-126, 129-141, 155, 169-174, 176-190, 192-200, 202-206, 224-230, 235-238, 241-250, 252-261, 264-266, 268-274, 276-278, 280-283, 301, 302, 304-307, 335-338, 340-366 Ryabkov, Sergey, 99, 125, 132, 195, 227, 354, 355 Safeguards, 71, 79, 91, 93, 95, 119, 123, 125, 133, 138, 170, 190, 263, 279, 347, 348, 358-361 Saint Petersburg, 103 SALT, 43, 147, 156, 202 SALT I, 147 SALT
II, 147, 156 Sandia National Laboratory, 276 San Juan Capistrano laboratory, 153 Saudi Arabia, 79 Savannah River, 271 Schlesinger, James, 40, 46 Schultz, George, 277 SDI, 147-150, 152, 153, 163, 164 Section 123 Agreement, 340, 342, 352, 359, 361 Security equation, 336 Senate, 28, 35, 123, 124, 147, 171, 186, 252, 340, 342, 352, 359, 361 Shaker, Mohammed, 28 Sherman, Wendy, 102 Shevardnadze, Eduard, 150—152, 157, 160, 161, 277
384 INDEX Shustov, Vladimir, 33 Silo launcher, 160, 161 64-Point Action Plan, 191 SLBM, 155, 158, 162, 184, 185, 353 SLC, 359, 361 SLCM, 157 Smith, David, 153 Smith, Gerard, 21, 24 SNF, 93, 177, 178 Soleimani, Qasem, 110 SORT, 177, 179-181 South Africa, 55, 60, 67, 170, 225 Space, 150, 152, 153, 188 Space, 148 SRAM, 156 SS-18, 155, 160 SS-20, 147 START I, 64, 122, 150, 167, 170 START II, 64, 122, 167, 170, 173, 188 START III, 123, 125, 126, 162, 164, 177, 181, 183-189, 191, 195, 197, 202, 204, 227, 340, 342, 347, 348, 352-355, 359, 361 START Treaty, 150-152, 154, 158, 159, 161, 163, 167, 170, 178, 187, 348 State Department, 24, 32, 33, 106, 116, 196, 350 State Duma, 81, 85 Strategic stability, 172-174, 176, 178, 182, 183, 185, 187, 192, 201, 272, 352 Submarine, 22, 23, 155, 210, 238, 243-247, 249, 254-258 SVR RF, 62, 83 Syria, 65, 71, 99, 103, 130, 137, 194, 200, 225, 272, 274, 345, 346, 362 T Talbott, Strobe, 160 Tallinn, 39 Tehran, 53, 54, 91, 92, 94-96, 101, 105, 109-112, 126, 127, 347, 348, 356 Thirteen steps, 191 Thompson, Llewellyn, 31 Tillerson, Rex, 105, 108 Timerbaev, Roland, viii, 33, 60, 121, 147, 212 TNW, 227, 228 TPNW, 198-201, 348-350, 365 Transparency, 68, 79, 86, 95, 174, 175, 178, 180, 183, 185, 186, 254, 257, 258, 260, 265, 266, 268, 359 Trump, Donald, 105-108, 110-112, 137, 194, 196, 197, 336, 337, 344, 345, 351-353, 360, 361, 363, 364, 374 TTBT, 277 Turkey, 20, 94 2003 Paris Agreement, 91 UK, 20, 22, 27, 40, 55, 57, 61, 73, 170, 243, 246, 258, 337, 340, 341, 344, 345, 355, 365 Ukraine, 13, 88, 103, 168, 188, 194, 200, 236, 247, 248, 267, 272, 278, 301,
302, 306, 337, 338 Ulyanov, Mikhail, 41, 42, 127, 129, 137, 226, 227, 273, 274, 343, 357 UN GA, 32, 118, 137, 346, 350, 355 UNICRI, 254 UNOCT, 254 UNODC, 254 UN SC, 63, 91, 92, 94-96, 108, 112, 124, 169, 177, 241, 357, 358, 363
INDEX Uranium, 89, 94, 101-103, 109, 264-266, 268-270, 275, 282, 357 USA, 13, 17-21, 23-25, 27-35, 39-12, 45-47, 50-53, 55-57, 59, 60, 62, 63, 66, 67, 69-73, 77-90, 92-94, 96, 97, 101, 103, 105, 109-112, 116-120, 122, 123, 126-131, 133-141, 155, 168, 169, 173, 174, 177-181, 188, 189, 192, 194, 196-201, 203-206, 208, 210, 224—231, 235-237, 241-243, 246-249, 252-254, 258-261, 264-266, 269-275, 277, 278, 280, 281, 283, 304-306, 335-338, 340-342, 344-366, 374 U.S. Atomic Energy Act, 19 USEC, 265, 266 USSR, viii, 17-21, 23-27, 29-35, 45, 51, 80, 85, 86, 117, 118, 132, 146-150, 152, 153, 155, 156, 159, 160, 162, 167, 203, 210, 224, 225, 229, 242, 245, 247, 251, 264, 271, 276, 302, 335 V Valdai, 273 Vance, Cyrus, 271 Verification, 100, 102, 110, 113, 133, 158, 177, 178, 180, 183, 266, 268, 277, 344, 351, 354, 359 Vienna, 94, 137, 273, 345, 357 WER, 101, 270 385 W Wall Street Journal, 106, 176 Warsaw Pact, 19, 26, 39 Washington, vii, 18, 20, 28, 31, 34, 42, 46, 50, 57, 58, 83, 86, 95, 97, 99, 101, 105, 110, 112, 116-119, 122-124, 127-129, 131, 132, 134-136, 140, 145, 147-149, 156-161, 163, 173, 187, 193, 198, 202, 231, 251, 271, 336, 345, 347, 349, 352, 353, 355, 357, 359, 360, 362, 364, 365 Weapons-grade plutonium, 270 Weapons-grade uranium, 83 White House, 106, 251, 304 WMD, 85, 120, 124, 128, 134, 135, 137, 138, 141, 236-238, 242-245, 247, 248, 252, 253, 255, 282, 302, 351 WMDFZ, 116, 117, 122, 124-126, 131, 135-139, 337, 347, 363, 374 Wood, Robert, 349 Wyoming, 150-154 Y Yazov, Dmitry, 161 Yeltsin, Boris, 122, 266, 267, 269, 270, 304 Yermakov, Vladimir, 345, 354 Yugoslavia, 172
Z Zangger Committee, 170 Bayerische I Staatsbibliothek I |
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fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV048589163</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230222</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">221201s2022 a||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9789811917158</subfield><subfield code="c">hardback</subfield><subfield code="9">978-981-19-1715-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1007/978-981-19-1716-5</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1362873871</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV048589163</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Russian-American nuclear nonproliferation dialogue</subfield><subfield code="b">lessons learned and road ahead</subfield><subfield code="c">Vladimir A. Orlov, Sergey D. Semenov, (editors)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Singapore</subfield><subfield code="b">Palgrave Macmillan</subfield><subfield code="c">[2022]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xxviii, 385 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">This book explores the history of the nuclear nonproliferation dialogue between Russia (USSR) and the United States. By looking into the particulars of bilateral cooperation on NPT, Cooperative Threat Reduction program, arms control, and other issues, the authors offer lessons to be learned in preventing nuclear confrontations in the future. The book has been prepared in coordination between Russian and American scholars and experts and is a result of a series of Track 2.5 events devoted to restoring the nonproliferation cooperation between Russia and the United States. Covering all the aspects of the bilateral partnership since 1960 until today, this book will interest scholars of great power conflicts and nonproliferation. The workshop and the consequent work on the monograph became possible thanks to generous organizational & financial support from Centre russe d'etudes politiques (Geneva) and the Center for Policy Studies in Russia (Monterey, USA). Dr.Vladimir A.Orlov is expert in international security and Russias foreign policy. Dr. Orlov is the PIR Centers Director and founder, as well as member of its Executive Board. Dr. Orlov is Professor at MGIMO University (since 2017) where he teaches Russian foreign and security policy as well as nuclear non-proliferation (since 2013). He has also been part of UN Secretary General's Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters from 2014-2018. Dr. Orlov is Founder (1993) & President of the Trialogue Club International. Mr.Semenov D. Semenov graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) in 2019. 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illustrated | Illustrated |
index_date | 2024-07-03T21:07:06Z |
indexdate | 2024-11-01T11:00:37Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9789811917158 |
language | English |
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publisher | Palgrave Macmillan |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Russian-American nuclear nonproliferation dialogue lessons learned and road ahead Vladimir A. Orlov, Sergey D. Semenov, (editors) Singapore Palgrave Macmillan [2022] xxviii, 385 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier This book explores the history of the nuclear nonproliferation dialogue between Russia (USSR) and the United States. By looking into the particulars of bilateral cooperation on NPT, Cooperative Threat Reduction program, arms control, and other issues, the authors offer lessons to be learned in preventing nuclear confrontations in the future. The book has been prepared in coordination between Russian and American scholars and experts and is a result of a series of Track 2.5 events devoted to restoring the nonproliferation cooperation between Russia and the United States. Covering all the aspects of the bilateral partnership since 1960 until today, this book will interest scholars of great power conflicts and nonproliferation. The workshop and the consequent work on the monograph became possible thanks to generous organizational & financial support from Centre russe d'etudes politiques (Geneva) and the Center for Policy Studies in Russia (Monterey, USA). Dr.Vladimir A.Orlov is expert in international security and Russias foreign policy. Dr. Orlov is the PIR Centers Director and founder, as well as member of its Executive Board. Dr. Orlov is Professor at MGIMO University (since 2017) where he teaches Russian foreign and security policy as well as nuclear non-proliferation (since 2013). He has also been part of UN Secretary General's Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters from 2014-2018. Dr. Orlov is Founder (1993) & President of the Trialogue Club International. Mr.Semenov D. Semenov graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) in 2019. Since 2019, he has worked in the PIR Center as a coordinator of the "Russia and Nuclear Nonproliferation" program and a research fellow. Geschichte 1960- gnd rswk-swf Kernwaffe (DE-588)4003434-3 gnd rswk-swf Nonproliferation (DE-588)4331181-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Nuclear nonproliferation / Russia (Federation) Nuclear nonproliferation / United States Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / United States United States / Foreign relations / Russia (Federation) Diplomatic relations Nuclear nonproliferation Russia (Federation) United States (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Kernwaffe (DE-588)4003434-3 s Nonproliferation (DE-588)4331181-7 s Geschichte 1960- z DE-604 Arloŭ, Uladzimir Aljakseevič 1953- Sonstige (DE-588)103243976 oth Semenov, Sergey D. Sonstige (DE-588)1271922819 oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-981-19-1716-5 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033964876&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033964876&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
spellingShingle | Russian-American nuclear nonproliferation dialogue lessons learned and road ahead Kernwaffe (DE-588)4003434-3 gnd Nonproliferation (DE-588)4331181-7 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4003434-3 (DE-588)4331181-7 (DE-588)4078704-7 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4077548-3 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
title | Russian-American nuclear nonproliferation dialogue lessons learned and road ahead |
title_auth | Russian-American nuclear nonproliferation dialogue lessons learned and road ahead |
title_exact_search | Russian-American nuclear nonproliferation dialogue lessons learned and road ahead |
title_exact_search_txtP | Russian-American nuclear nonproliferation dialogue lessons learned and road ahead |
title_full | Russian-American nuclear nonproliferation dialogue lessons learned and road ahead Vladimir A. Orlov, Sergey D. Semenov, (editors) |
title_fullStr | Russian-American nuclear nonproliferation dialogue lessons learned and road ahead Vladimir A. Orlov, Sergey D. Semenov, (editors) |
title_full_unstemmed | Russian-American nuclear nonproliferation dialogue lessons learned and road ahead Vladimir A. Orlov, Sergey D. Semenov, (editors) |
title_short | Russian-American nuclear nonproliferation dialogue |
title_sort | russian american nuclear nonproliferation dialogue lessons learned and road ahead |
title_sub | lessons learned and road ahead |
topic | Kernwaffe (DE-588)4003434-3 gnd Nonproliferation (DE-588)4331181-7 gnd |
topic_facet | Kernwaffe Nonproliferation USA Russland Sowjetunion Aufsatzsammlung |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033964876&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033964876&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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