Anti-americanism in Latin America and the Caribbean:
Whether rising up from fiery leaders such as Venezuela's Hugo Chavez and Cuba's Fidel Castro or from angry masses of Brazilian workers and Mexican peasants, anti U.S. sentiment in Latin America and the Caribbean today is arguably stronger than ever. It is also a threat to U.S. leadership i...
Gespeichert in:
Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
---|---|
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
New York ; Oxford
Berghahn Books
[2006]
|
Schriftenreihe: | Explorations in Culture and International History
3 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | FAW01 FAB01 FCO01 FHA01 FKE01 FLA01 UPA01 UBG01 Volltext |
Zusammenfassung: | Whether rising up from fiery leaders such as Venezuela's Hugo Chavez and Cuba's Fidel Castro or from angry masses of Brazilian workers and Mexican peasants, anti U.S. sentiment in Latin America and the Caribbean today is arguably stronger than ever. It is also a threat to U.S. leadership in the hemisphere and the world. Where has this resentment come from? Has it arisen naturally from imperialism and globalization, from economic and social frustrations? Has it served opportunistic politicians? Does Latin America have its own style of anti Americanism? What about national variations? How does cultural anti Americanism affect politics, and vice versa? What roles have religion, literature, or cartoons played in whipping up sentiment against 'el yanqui'? Finally, how has the United States reacted to all this? This book brings leaders in the field of U.S. Latin American relations together with the most promising young scholars to shed historical light on the present implications of hostility to the United States in Latin America and the Caribbean. In essays that carry the reader from Revolutionary Mexico to Peronist Argentina, from Panama in the nineteenth century to the West Indies' mid century independence movement, and from Colombian drug runners to liberation theologists, the authors unearth little known campaigns of resistance and probe deeper into episodes we thought we knew well. They argue that, for well over a century, identifying the United States as the enemy has rung true to Latin Americans and has translated into compelling political strategies. Combining history with political and cultural analysis, this collection breaks the mold of traditional diplomatic history by seeing anti Americanism through the eyes of those who expressed it. It makes clear that anti Americanism, far from being a post 9/11 buzzword, is rather a real force that casts a long shadow over U.S. Latin American relations |
Beschreibung: | Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 07. Nov 2022) |
Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource (316 Seiten) |
ISBN: | 9780857456953 |
DOI: | 10.1515/9780857456953 |
Internformat
MARC
LEADER | 00000nmm a2200000zcb4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | BV048571163 | ||
003 | DE-604 | ||
005 | 00000000000000.0 | ||
007 | cr|uuu---uuuuu | ||
008 | 221122s2006 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d | ||
020 | |a 9780857456953 |9 978-0-85745-695-3 | ||
024 | 7 | |a 10.1515/9780857456953 |2 doi | |
035 | |a (ZDB-23-DGG)9780857456953 | ||
035 | |a (OCoLC)1424561147 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV048571163 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
041 | 0 | |a eng | |
049 | |a DE-1043 |a DE-1046 |a DE-858 |a DE-Aug4 |a DE-859 |a DE-860 |a DE-473 |a DE-739 | ||
082 | 0 | |a 303.48/23073 |2 22 | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Anti-americanism in Latin America and the Caribbean |c ed. by Alan McPherson |
264 | 1 | |a New York ; Oxford |b Berghahn Books |c [2006] | |
264 | 4 | |c © 2006 | |
300 | |a 1 Online-Ressource (316 Seiten) | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
490 | 0 | |a Explorations in Culture and International History |v 3 | |
500 | |a Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 07. Nov 2022) | ||
520 | |a Whether rising up from fiery leaders such as Venezuela's Hugo Chavez and Cuba's Fidel Castro or from angry masses of Brazilian workers and Mexican peasants, anti U.S. sentiment in Latin America and the Caribbean today is arguably stronger than ever. It is also a threat to U.S. leadership in the hemisphere and the world. Where has this resentment come from? Has it arisen naturally from imperialism and globalization, from economic and social frustrations? Has it served opportunistic politicians? Does Latin America have its own style of anti Americanism? What about national variations? How does cultural anti Americanism affect politics, and vice versa? What roles have religion, literature, or cartoons played in whipping up sentiment against 'el yanqui'? Finally, how has the United States reacted to all this? This book brings leaders in the field of U.S. Latin American relations together with the most promising young scholars to shed historical light on the present implications of hostility to the United States in Latin America and the Caribbean. In essays that carry the reader from Revolutionary Mexico to Peronist Argentina, from Panama in the nineteenth century to the West Indies' mid century independence movement, and from Colombian drug runners to liberation theologists, the authors unearth little known campaigns of resistance and probe deeper into episodes we thought we knew well. They argue that, for well over a century, identifying the United States as the enemy has rung true to Latin Americans and has translated into compelling political strategies. Combining history with political and cultural analysis, this collection breaks the mold of traditional diplomatic history by seeing anti Americanism through the eyes of those who expressed it. It makes clear that anti Americanism, far from being a post 9/11 buzzword, is rather a real force that casts a long shadow over U.S. Latin American relations | ||
546 | |a In English | ||
650 | 7 | |a HISTORY / Latin America / General |2 bisacsh | |
650 | 4 | |a Anti-Americanism |z Latin America | |
700 | 1 | |a Bowman, Kirk |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Britton, John A. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Dorn, Glenn J. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a McPherson, Alan |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a McPherson, Alan |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Parker, Jason |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Rivas, Darlene |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Ryan, David |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Taffet, Jeffrey F. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Walker, William O. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953 |x Verlag |z URL des Erstveröffentlichers |3 Volltext |
912 | |a ZDB-23-DGG | ||
999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033947192 | ||
966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953 |l FAW01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FAW_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953 |l FAB01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FAB_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953 |l FCO01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FCO_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953 |l FHA01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FHA_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953 |l FKE01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FKE_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953 |l FLA01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FLA_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953 |l UPA01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q UPA_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953 |l UBG01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q UBG_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804184589165395968 |
---|---|
adam_txt | |
any_adam_object | |
any_adam_object_boolean | |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV048571163 |
collection | ZDB-23-DGG |
ctrlnum | (ZDB-23-DGG)9780857456953 (OCoLC)1424561147 (DE-599)BVBBV048571163 |
dewey-full | 303.48/23073 |
dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
dewey-ones | 303 - Social processes |
dewey-raw | 303.48/23073 |
dewey-search | 303.48/23073 |
dewey-sort | 3303.48 523073 |
dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
discipline | Soziologie |
discipline_str_mv | Soziologie |
doi_str_mv | 10.1515/9780857456953 |
format | Electronic eBook |
fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>04620nmm a2200601zcb4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV048571163</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">00000000000000.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr|uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">221122s2006 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780857456953</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-85745-695-3</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1515/9780857456953</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ZDB-23-DGG)9780857456953</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1424561147</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV048571163</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-1043</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1046</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-858</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Aug4</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-859</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-860</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-739</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">303.48/23073</subfield><subfield code="2">22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Anti-americanism in Latin America and the Caribbean</subfield><subfield code="c">ed. by Alan McPherson</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">New York ; Oxford</subfield><subfield code="b">Berghahn Books</subfield><subfield code="c">[2006]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="c">© 2006</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 Online-Ressource (316 Seiten)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Explorations in Culture and International History</subfield><subfield code="v">3</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 07. Nov 2022)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Whether rising up from fiery leaders such as Venezuela's Hugo Chavez and Cuba's Fidel Castro or from angry masses of Brazilian workers and Mexican peasants, anti U.S. sentiment in Latin America and the Caribbean today is arguably stronger than ever. It is also a threat to U.S. leadership in the hemisphere and the world. Where has this resentment come from? Has it arisen naturally from imperialism and globalization, from economic and social frustrations? Has it served opportunistic politicians? Does Latin America have its own style of anti Americanism? What about national variations? How does cultural anti Americanism affect politics, and vice versa? What roles have religion, literature, or cartoons played in whipping up sentiment against 'el yanqui'? Finally, how has the United States reacted to all this? This book brings leaders in the field of U.S. Latin American relations together with the most promising young scholars to shed historical light on the present implications of hostility to the United States in Latin America and the Caribbean. In essays that carry the reader from Revolutionary Mexico to Peronist Argentina, from Panama in the nineteenth century to the West Indies' mid century independence movement, and from Colombian drug runners to liberation theologists, the authors unearth little known campaigns of resistance and probe deeper into episodes we thought we knew well. They argue that, for well over a century, identifying the United States as the enemy has rung true to Latin Americans and has translated into compelling political strategies. Combining history with political and cultural analysis, this collection breaks the mold of traditional diplomatic history by seeing anti Americanism through the eyes of those who expressed it. It makes clear that anti Americanism, far from being a post 9/11 buzzword, is rather a real force that casts a long shadow over U.S. Latin American relations</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">In English</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">HISTORY / Latin America / General</subfield><subfield code="2">bisacsh</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Anti-Americanism</subfield><subfield code="z">Latin America</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Bowman, Kirk</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Britton, John A.</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Dorn, Glenn J.</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">McPherson, Alan</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">McPherson, Alan</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Parker, Jason</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Rivas, Darlene</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ryan, David</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Taffet, Jeffrey F.</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Walker, William O.</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="z">URL des Erstveröffentlichers</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033947192</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953</subfield><subfield code="l">FAW01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FAW_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953</subfield><subfield code="l">FAB01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FAB_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953</subfield><subfield code="l">FCO01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FCO_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953</subfield><subfield code="l">FHA01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FHA_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953</subfield><subfield code="l">FKE01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FKE_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953</subfield><subfield code="l">FLA01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FLA_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953</subfield><subfield code="l">UPA01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">UPA_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953</subfield><subfield code="l">UBG01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">UBG_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
id | DE-604.BV048571163 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
index_date | 2024-07-03T21:02:18Z |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:41:44Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9780857456953 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033947192 |
oclc_num | 1424561147 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-1043 DE-1046 DE-858 DE-Aug4 DE-859 DE-860 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-739 |
owner_facet | DE-1043 DE-1046 DE-858 DE-Aug4 DE-859 DE-860 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-739 |
physical | 1 Online-Ressource (316 Seiten) |
psigel | ZDB-23-DGG ZDB-23-DGG FAW_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FAB_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FCO_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FHA_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FKE_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FLA_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG UPA_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG UBG_PDA_DGG |
publishDate | 2006 |
publishDateSearch | 2006 |
publishDateSort | 2006 |
publisher | Berghahn Books |
record_format | marc |
series2 | Explorations in Culture and International History |
spelling | Anti-americanism in Latin America and the Caribbean ed. by Alan McPherson New York ; Oxford Berghahn Books [2006] © 2006 1 Online-Ressource (316 Seiten) txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Explorations in Culture and International History 3 Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 07. Nov 2022) Whether rising up from fiery leaders such as Venezuela's Hugo Chavez and Cuba's Fidel Castro or from angry masses of Brazilian workers and Mexican peasants, anti U.S. sentiment in Latin America and the Caribbean today is arguably stronger than ever. It is also a threat to U.S. leadership in the hemisphere and the world. Where has this resentment come from? Has it arisen naturally from imperialism and globalization, from economic and social frustrations? Has it served opportunistic politicians? Does Latin America have its own style of anti Americanism? What about national variations? How does cultural anti Americanism affect politics, and vice versa? What roles have religion, literature, or cartoons played in whipping up sentiment against 'el yanqui'? Finally, how has the United States reacted to all this? This book brings leaders in the field of U.S. Latin American relations together with the most promising young scholars to shed historical light on the present implications of hostility to the United States in Latin America and the Caribbean. In essays that carry the reader from Revolutionary Mexico to Peronist Argentina, from Panama in the nineteenth century to the West Indies' mid century independence movement, and from Colombian drug runners to liberation theologists, the authors unearth little known campaigns of resistance and probe deeper into episodes we thought we knew well. They argue that, for well over a century, identifying the United States as the enemy has rung true to Latin Americans and has translated into compelling political strategies. Combining history with political and cultural analysis, this collection breaks the mold of traditional diplomatic history by seeing anti Americanism through the eyes of those who expressed it. It makes clear that anti Americanism, far from being a post 9/11 buzzword, is rather a real force that casts a long shadow over U.S. Latin American relations In English HISTORY / Latin America / General bisacsh Anti-Americanism Latin America Bowman, Kirk Sonstige oth Britton, John A. Sonstige oth Dorn, Glenn J. Sonstige oth McPherson, Alan Sonstige oth Parker, Jason Sonstige oth Rivas, Darlene Sonstige oth Ryan, David Sonstige oth Taffet, Jeffrey F. Sonstige oth Walker, William O. Sonstige oth https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953 Verlag URL des Erstveröffentlichers Volltext |
spellingShingle | Anti-americanism in Latin America and the Caribbean HISTORY / Latin America / General bisacsh Anti-Americanism Latin America |
title | Anti-americanism in Latin America and the Caribbean |
title_auth | Anti-americanism in Latin America and the Caribbean |
title_exact_search | Anti-americanism in Latin America and the Caribbean |
title_exact_search_txtP | Anti-americanism in Latin America and the Caribbean |
title_full | Anti-americanism in Latin America and the Caribbean ed. by Alan McPherson |
title_fullStr | Anti-americanism in Latin America and the Caribbean ed. by Alan McPherson |
title_full_unstemmed | Anti-americanism in Latin America and the Caribbean ed. by Alan McPherson |
title_short | Anti-americanism in Latin America and the Caribbean |
title_sort | anti americanism in latin america and the caribbean |
topic | HISTORY / Latin America / General bisacsh Anti-Americanism Latin America |
topic_facet | HISTORY / Latin America / General Anti-Americanism Latin America |
url | https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857456953 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT bowmankirk antiamericanisminlatinamericaandthecaribbean AT brittonjohna antiamericanisminlatinamericaandthecaribbean AT dornglennj antiamericanisminlatinamericaandthecaribbean AT mcphersonalan antiamericanisminlatinamericaandthecaribbean AT parkerjason antiamericanisminlatinamericaandthecaribbean AT rivasdarlene antiamericanisminlatinamericaandthecaribbean AT ryandavid antiamericanisminlatinamericaandthecaribbean AT taffetjeffreyf antiamericanisminlatinamericaandthecaribbean AT walkerwilliamo antiamericanisminlatinamericaandthecaribbean |