Information wars in the Baltic States: Russia's long shadow
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| Schriftenreihe: | The Palgrave Macmillan series in international political communication
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| Beschreibung: | xvi, 311 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9783030999865 |
| ISSN: | 2945-6126 |
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| adam_text | Contents 1 Introduction Janis Chakars and Indra Ekmanis 1 Part I The Weight of History 2 3 9 Echoes of the Past: Media and History in the Baltic Battlespace Janis Chakars and Indra Ekmanis 11 Russian Disinformation: The Forest Brothers, Baltic Resistance, and NATO Joseph Μ. Ellis 35 Part II The Weight of Ethnicity 4 53 Making Sense of Public Media in Times of Geo-Political Crisis: Latvian Public Media and their Ethno-Linguistic Majority and Minority Audiences 55 Jānis Juzefovičs vii
viii CONTENTS 5 Building Bridges: Estonian- and Russian-Speaking TV Audiences and the Value of Estonian Public Service Broadcasting, 2010-2020 81 Andres Jõesaar 6 Building or Banning? Russian-Language TV in Latvia 93 Solvita Denisa-Liepniece Part III The Digital Challenges 121 7 Bots, Trolls, Elves, and the Information War in Lithuania: Theoretical Considerations and Practical Problems 123 Asta Zelenkauskaite 8 Robotrolling in the Baltic States 141 Monika Hanley, Aki-Mauri Huhtinen, and Miika Sartonen Part ГѴ The Responses 9 Disinformation Analysis and Citizen Activism in the “Post-Truth” Era: The Case ofDebunkEU.org 167 169 Viktor Denisenko 10 The Perils of Defense in an Information War: Media, Minorities, and the Threat Next Door 187 Sergei Kruk and Ilva Skulte 11 NATO’s Response to Information Warfare Threats 205 Monika Hanley Part V The Complications 12 “Let Them Flee to Sweden: There, Everyone Looks at Them More Politely”: Gay Propaganda and LGBT Rights in the Baltic States 227 Clinton Glenn 225
CONTENTS 13 The Best of Enemies: Identity, Recursion, and the Convergence of Kremlin and Estonian Strategic Narratives in the Global Populist Discourse Noel Foster Part VI Epilogue 14 Epilogue: Baltic Journalists Respond toDisinformation Gunta Sloga Index ІХ 263 295 297 305
Index1 A Aaviksoo, Jaak, 284 Ābola, Natālija, 96,101 Active measures, 37, 38, 40, 171 Aleksejev, Vadim, 96 Alter A, 96 Alt-right, 270-272, 270n4, 277, 287n29 Arāja, Dita, 98 Atlantic Charter, 44 Audience research, 57 Beitika, leva, 98 Belte, Ivars, 110 Beria, Lavernty, 45 Biden, Joe, 160, 243, 280, 280n23, 283-286 Bilt, Carl, 13-15, 24, 25, 31 Bots, 6, 28,123,142,145,146, 148-161,170,210,211, 217, 251 Bronze soldier, 24,104,173, 206, 267 В Baltic States, 1-7,13-17, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26-31, 36-38,40-43, 45,46, 48-50, 77, 94,101,104,124, 133,134,141-162,172,173, 180, 205-207,210,211, 215-220, 227-255, 264, 265, 274, 279, 285, 298-301, 303 C Central and Eastern Europe, 14,49, 56, 77, 228, 229, 232, 235 Cognitive security, 214 Conservatism, 275 Corruption, 102, 244, 253, 273, 278, 280, 285 Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 J. Chakars, I. Ekmanis (eds.), Information Wars in the Baltic States, The Palgrave Macmillan Series in International Political Communication, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99987-2 305
306 INDEX COVID֊19 vaccination and ethnicity, 198 vaccination and socio-economic conditions, 198 Crimea, 4, 27, 29, 83, 85, 100-106, 108,111-113,155n3,171,173, 174,176,188, 250, 300 D Daukšas, Viktoras, 175,179,180 DebunkEU.org, 6,169-183 Debunking, 134,135,175, 177-183, 299 “Deep State,” 285, 286 DELFI, 106,110,112,125,195 Demaskuok, 125,175 Diena, 17, 231 Digital Forensic Research Lab, 39 Dimants, Ainārs, 18, 27, 107, 108,110 Disinformation, 4-6,12, 20, 26-31, 35-51, 83,107,112, 123-125, 123nl, 132-135,142,143, 147, 151,156-162,156n4,169-171, 174-183,191,193, 205-209, 211, 212, 214, 216, 217, 220, 243nl2, 250-254, 303 Domburs, Jānis, 103 E Eesti Ekspress, 270 Eesti Kirjandus, 11 Eesti Päevaleht, 265nl, 269, 270n4 Eesti Postimees, 11,17 Eesti Rahvusringhääling/Estonia Public Broadcasting (ERR), 2, 82-84, 83nl, 87-90,110 Eesti Vanemad, 271 Elections, 21, 24, 25, 30, 82, 83,124, 147,151,154,159,170,176, 179,188,193, 201,211,213, 241, 243, 244, 264, 275nl8, 283, 284, 286 Elves (Internet), 176 Estonia, 1, 3, 5, 6,12-14,17,19, 20, 22-24, 26-28, 31, 36, 39^5, 47, 48, 51, 58, 59, 81-84, 84n3, 88, 94,101,103,104,106,110, 143-145, 148,149,151-155, 157,172,173,180,181,194nl, 205, 206, 216, 219, 228, 230, 230n3, 231, 231n4, 235, 236, 241-245, 250, 251, 253, 254, 264-269, 269n2, 269n3, 270n4, 270n5, 270n7, 271-275, 271n8, 271n9, 271Ո10,271nll, 273nl3, 273nl4, 274nl5, 277-280, 283-285, 287, 288, 298, 299, 301 Estonian broadcasting, 82 Estonian Defense Forces, 269ոՅ,284 Estonian news, 87 Estonian Parliament, 241, 244, 275 Estonian Public Broadcasting, 5, 83nl, 84, 85, 87,90, 91, 110,
301 Estonian speakers, 36, 88 Ethnic minorities, 15nl, 98, 100,188,198,199ո2, 200, 201 representation in politics (see Minorities) ETV+, see Estonian Public Broadcasting Euromaidan, 40, 171 European Broadcast Union (EBU), 96 European Union (EU), 7, 14, 26, 28-30, 40, 82, 94,101,169, 172,212,215,219, 228,229, 243, 245-247, 249, 254, 255, 276n20, 301
INDEX F Facebook, 1, 2,142,144,145,147, 155,160,162,176,177,196, 211-214, 216, 239, 267, 270ո6, 273nl2, 273nl3,274nl6, 298 Family values, 243, 277 Forest brothers, 5, 35-51 France, 170, 206, 219, 230n3, 252, 264,284 G Gay propaganda, 227-255 Gazeta Wyborcza, 14 Gender ideology, 228, 232, 235, 253,254 Georgia, 16, 39, 40,104,188, 206, 207, 220 Geotargeting, 213 Germany, 42,43,160,170,171, 206, 219, 249, 273 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 16, 30 Grybauskaite, Dalia, 125, 245 H Hanso, Hannes, 284 Helme, Mart, 241nll, 243, 244, 270n5, 271, 276-278, 276n20, 280-283, 280n23, 281n24, 282n27,285,286, 287n29 Holsteins, Jānis, 103 Homophobia, 228,230, 244, 246,253 Hungary, 160, 228, 229, 229nl, 285 Hybrid war, 14,187-189,191, 193,300 I Illiberalism, 77 Information operations, 3, 206, 208, 209, 214, 215, 217-220, 264, 266-269, 269n2, 288 307 Information warfare (IW), 24, 30, 37, 38,40, 57, 64, 65, 70, 76,124, 125,130,132-134,144, 171-173,181,183,190, 196, 205-220 information battlespace, 38 International politics, 62, 63, 66, 67, 71, 268 Internet, 26, 28,106,108,113,124, 126,128-130,176,188, 202, 211,213,228,242 Isamaa, 241, 265, 270n7, 285 Istanbul Convention, 249 J Jakobson, Carl Robert, 12,18,19 Jannsen, Eugen, 11, 21 Jannsen, Johann Voldemar, 11,12, 17-19, 31 Journalism, 11,18-20, 25, 55, 56, 60, 69, 76, 96,105,112,125,198, 200,250, 297, 299 journalists, 4, 6, 12,19-22, 41, 47n2, 56, 68, 69, 71, 76, 95, 96,102,103,105,107,109, 110,125,133,161,170, 174-176,182,192-196, 244, 250, 251Ո14, 270n4, 297-303 К Kaljulaid, Kersti, 243, 276, 282, 283 Kaljurand, Marina, 57, 76, 282, 283 Kallas, Kaja,
244, 282, 283 Kennan, George, 13,15,16, 23-25 Keskerakond, 241, 265, 270n7, 275nl8, 285 KGB, 37, 96n2 Kiselev, Dmitry, 27 Kleckins, Äbrams, 103 Kols, Rihards, НО, 190 Kovalchuk, Yury, 26, 112
308 INDEX Kremlin, 4, 6, 7, 26, 29, 40, 58, 68, 102,106ո5,107, 111, 141,156, 161, 170-174, 176, 181, 182, 187, 188, 194, 206, 210, 215, 235ո7, 244, 249, 250, 253, 263-288, 300-302 Kross, Jaan, 11,12,17-19, 21 Laar, Mart, 35, 42, 44, 45, 50 Language language referendum, 105 Latvian language, 61, 93, 96-98, 100,105,107, 111, 192,194 minority language, 98, 113 Russian language, 5, 26, 27, 31, 39, 59, 61, 83, 87, 89, 90, 93-114,145,147,148, 150-160, 175, 187,189, 193, 196,197, 210, 216-218, 230, 243, 251, 266, 275nl7, 277, 278, 301, 303 Latvia, 1-3, 5-7,13-15,17,19-23, 26-31, 35, 36, 39-43, 45,47, 48,51,55,58, 60,61,63, 65, 66, 68-70, 72-77, 93-114,141, 143-145,147-149,151-155, 157,159, 172,173, 176,180, 187-190,192,193,197-202, 200n3, 205-207, 211, 215-217, 219, 228, 230, 230n3, 231, 231n4, 233, 235-241, 251-254, 265, 298, 299, 301 Latvian Commercial broadcasters LNT, 100,108 ORT, 100,188 Pervyi Baltiiskii Kanal (PBK), 26, 27, 84, 84n4, 87, 101-103,105,107-110, 112,113,189 TV3,100,108,195 TV5,100,102-104,107,110 TV5 Rīga, 100,102 Latvian Parliament, 97,103,189, 238-240, 252, 253 Latvian Public Television Latvian TV, 95 LTV, 75, 94, 96, 96n2, 98, 99,101-113 LTV1, 97, 99,102,109, 111, 195 LTV2, 97-99 LTV7, 27, 99-106,108-113, 189 Latvian Radio, 100,106,108, 109,111-113 Latvian Riflemen, 43 Latvian television(LTV), 75, 94, 96-113, 96n2, 201 Latvijas sabiedriskais medijs/Public Broadcasting of Latvia (LSM), see Public media Lauristin, Marju, 86, 282 Lenin, Vladimir, 21, 22 LGBT rights, 6, 227-255, 302 Lietuvos nacionalinis radijas ir televizij a/Lithuanian National Radio and
Television (LRT), 126, 230, 247, 249, 250, 250nl3 Lithuania, 3, 5-7,13,14nl, 19, 20, 22, 24, 27, 28, 31, 36, 40-49, 47n2,101,106,123, 125, 143-145,148,149,151-155, 157-159,161,170,172-174, 176,180,181,205,206,215, 216, 219, 228-231, 230n3, 231n4, 233-236, 233n5, 241, 245-250, 253, 298, 300-302 Lithuanian Parliament, 245-247 Ločmele-Luņeva, Regīna, 96 LTV, see Public Media, Latvian public television
INDEX M Maaleht, 270 Media attitudes, 57, 60, 61, 66, 69, 71, 73, 76,198, 200 audiences, 5, 26, 27, 55, 57-61, 63, 67, 69, 71-73, 76, 86, 111, 161,187,191-193 effects, 39, 128, 187,188,191, 192,198, 202 independence, 20, 65 institutions, 5, 55-57, 59-61, 64-67, 69, 71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 85, 86 political instrumentalization of, 26, 57, 76 regulators, 189, 251 trust, 6, 56, 82,188, 198-200, 300 use, 57, 61-63, 77,198, 300 Western, 25, 38, 63, 74, 75 Memory politics, 47 Military, 4,17, 27, 28, 30, 38,40,42, 43, 48-50,. 110,125,148,149, 151,153,156,157n5,159,171, 173,174,178,188-190, 207-209, 214, 218-220, 273nl4, 300-302 Minorities ethnic minorities, 15nl, 98, 100, 188,198,199n2, 200, 201 non-Latvian language audience, 100 Russian-language audience, 100 Russophones, 94,102, 275nl8 Misinformation, 4, 25, 37, 38, 72, 123,123nl, 134,142,170,172, 179,180,183, 239, 254, 286, 300 Misogyny, 277, 282-283 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 14 Mūrniece, Ināra, 108,193 309 N Narodnoe Radio, 85 National security, 2,13, 58,108, 174,288 Nationalism, 13,18,173, 286, 302 NATO Strategic Communication Centre of Excellence, 142,189 Nazism, 41,43, 48,173 Network structure, 130-131 News media trust in, 6,188,198-200 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 3, 5-7,14, 28, 29, 31, 35-51, 82, 94,102, 111, 125, 126,141,143-145,147-161, 171-174,176, 205-220, 249, 265,267, 271, 283-285, 287, 288, 301, 302 Novodvorskis, Vladimirs, 99 О Objektiiv, 266, 269-271, 270ո4 Õhtuleht, 231, 269 Ordine influence, 130, 134 Operation Infektion, 38, 49 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, 98 P Partisanship, 72
Pervyi Baltiiskii Kanal (PBK), 26, 27, 84, 84n4, 87,101-103,105, 107-110,112,113,189 Pervyi Kanai, 188,189 Peskov, Dmitri, 4, 283 Poland, 5, 41, 43, 48,126,141, 143-145,148-160,175,176, 180, 206, 207, 219, 228, 229, 236, 239, 246, 248, 270n4, 285
310 INDEX Polarization, 59,180, 240, 253, 302 Populism, 264, 265, 288 Postimees, 12,18, 231, 269, 303 Post-truth, 169-183,193 Propaganda, 2, 4,16, 20, 24, 26, 27, 37,40,45, 50, 66-73, 75, 77, 82, 95,101,102,110,124,134, 169,171-176,181-183,187, 190-192, 201, 207, 210, 227-255, 271, 288, 301, 303 Public media, 26,106,108,109, 111, 113,238-240, 240nl0 Estonian Public Broadcasting (ERR), 2, 82-85, 83nl, 87-90, 110, 230, 230n3, 242-244, 251, 254, 270, 271, 273nl3, 275, 285, 301 Latvian public radio, 55, 61, 62, 69 Latvian public television, 56, 61, 94, 96, 96n2, 98, 99,101-114 public radio, 27, 61, 63, 64, 67, 76 public television, 105, 111, 188,195 Public opinion, representation of, 197, 200 Putin, Vladimir, 3, 23, 24, 26, 28-30, 40, 68, 74,103,106,125,133, 153, 207, 228, 273, 276 R Raadio 4, 83nl, 85 Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 16 Ramanauskas, Adolfas, 46 See also “Vanagas” Reirs, Jānis, 110 Riigikogu, see Estonian Parliament RTRRossiya, 107,189,191 Russia, 1-4, 6, 7,13-16, 24, 26, 27, 29-31, 37-40, 42,48-51, 55, 57, 59, 60, 62, 65, 67-70, 72-76, 81, 82, 84-87, 84n4, 91, 94-96, 100-107,109-114,124,125, 135,141-144,147,149,150, 155, 155n3,156,171-174,176, 178,181,187-193,196-200, 200n3, 202, 205-207, 209-212, 215-216, 218-220, 228, 229, 239, 249-253, 255, 264, 268, 271-274, 273nl2, 276, 276n20, 285, 287, 288, 298, 303 Russian Federation, 3, 5,172,174, 187,191,205 Russian Federation television, 191 Russian-language media in the Baltics, 150,216 Russian-language speakers, 26, 57, 58, 73, 74, 94, 96,102,105-108, 110-112,141, 216, 265, 266, 274, 275nl8, 276 Russian media, 6,
25-27, 29, 31,48, 57, 70, 72, 74,101,107,149, 159,161,173,198,202,210, 215, 218, 244, 250 Russian television, 6, 59, 69, 84, 95, 97,188,192, 250 Russian-speakers in the Baltics, 217 Russian-speakers in Estonia, 265 Russian-speakers in Finland, 39 Russian-speakers in Latvia, 202 Russia Today (RT), 24, 27,112,149, 156,158,182,215,244, 250, 250nl3, 251 Russification, 95, 106 Russkoje Radio, 85 Russophone, see Russian-language speakers S Saar, Indrek, 280, 282 Saeima, see Latvian Parliament
INDEX Sārts, Janis, 110, 208 Security, 2,4, 7,13,14,15nl, 20, 28, 29, 35,45,47, 58,93,104, 106-108,111,113,114,142, 162,171,173,174,180,182, 197, 214, 215, 217, 269n2, 273nl4, 277, 283-285, 288 Seimas, see Lithuanian Parliament Singing Revolution, 14 Sky Plus, 85 Sky Radio, 85 Slovenia, 228, 229nl, 232 Snore, Edvīns, 106 Social identity theory (SIT), 266-268 Social media, 1, 3, 5, 37-40,48,63, 83, 124,127,128,131-133,135, 141-147,150-153,156,158-162, 172,178,200,200n3,201,205, 206,209-219,248,267,269, 302 Solodov, Oleg, 26,112 Soviet Story, The, 48 Soviet Union Soviet Media, 70 Sputnik, 1, 2,155,156,156n4, 215, 251, 272, 273nl2, 273nl3, 274, 274nl6, 287, 301 Strategic communication, 28, 31, 40, 106n5,144,172,179, 206-210, 301 Survey data, 61, 62 Television, 3, 6, 7, 22, 27, 28, 55-59, 61-64, 67, 69, 73-76, 81-91, 161,180,188-195,197, 199-201, 200n3, 210, 218, 228, 230, 250, 251, 300, 301 Russian-language, 5, 6, 93-114, 217, 301 311 Threaded structure, 131-132 Traditional values, 228, 239, 250, 252, 273 Trolls (Internet), 31, 39,123,144, 145,157,162,170,175-177, 181, 211,243nl2, 250-253 Twitter, 3, 5, 36, 50,127,144-160, 162, 211-213 U Ukraine, 3, 4, 7,16, 27, 29, 30, 39, 40, 43,48, 57, 59, 60, 66, 67, 82,83,94, 97,106-113,133, 150,155n3,161,171-173,176, 188, 206, 207, 209, 216, 220, 251, 279 Ušakovs, Nils, 102, 240nl0 V Vanagaitė, Rūta, 46, 47ո2 “Vanagas,” 46, 47 Vesti, 87,158 Vikerraadio, 83nl, 85 Violence, 45,160, 232, 237, 238, 249, 252, 253, 269 Voice of America (VOA), 16, 22, 23 World War II, 5,14,16, 20, 24, 28, 29, 36, 45,46, 50, 82, 104,143,149,157,190, 216, 274 Z
Zakharova, Marina, 283 Žemaitis, Jonas, 45 Bayerisch^ i Staatsbibliothek München I
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Contents 1 Introduction Janis Chakars and Indra Ekmanis 1 Part I The Weight of History 2 3 9 Echoes of the Past: Media and History in the Baltic Battlespace Janis Chakars and Indra Ekmanis 11 Russian Disinformation: The Forest Brothers, Baltic Resistance, and NATO Joseph Μ. Ellis 35 Part II The Weight of Ethnicity 4 53 Making Sense of Public Media in Times of Geo-Political Crisis: Latvian Public Media and their Ethno-Linguistic Majority and Minority Audiences 55 Jānis Juzefovičs vii
viii CONTENTS 5 Building Bridges: Estonian- and Russian-Speaking TV Audiences and the Value of Estonian Public Service Broadcasting, 2010-2020 81 Andres Jõesaar 6 Building or Banning? Russian-Language TV in Latvia 93 Solvita Denisa-Liepniece Part III The Digital Challenges 121 7 Bots, Trolls, Elves, and the Information War in Lithuania: Theoretical Considerations and Practical Problems 123 Asta Zelenkauskaite 8 Robotrolling in the Baltic States 141 Monika Hanley, Aki-Mauri Huhtinen, and Miika Sartonen Part ГѴ The Responses 9 Disinformation Analysis and Citizen Activism in the “Post-Truth” Era: The Case ofDebunkEU.org 167 169 Viktor Denisenko 10 The Perils of Defense in an Information War: Media, Minorities, and the Threat Next Door 187 Sergei Kruk and Ilva Skulte 11 NATO’s Response to Information Warfare Threats 205 Monika Hanley Part V The Complications 12 “Let Them Flee to Sweden: There, Everyone Looks at Them More Politely”: Gay Propaganda and LGBT Rights in the Baltic States 227 Clinton Glenn 225
CONTENTS 13 The Best of Enemies: Identity, Recursion, and the Convergence of Kremlin and Estonian Strategic Narratives in the Global Populist Discourse Noel Foster Part VI Epilogue 14 Epilogue: Baltic Journalists Respond toDisinformation Gunta Sloga Index ІХ 263 295 297 305
Index1 A Aaviksoo, Jaak, 284 Ābola, Natālija, 96,101 Active measures, 37, 38, 40, 171 Aleksejev, Vadim, 96 Alter A, 96 Alt-right, 270-272, 270n4, 277, 287n29 Arāja, Dita, 98 Atlantic Charter, 44 Audience research, 57 Beitika, leva, 98 Belte, Ivars, 110 Beria, Lavernty, 45 Biden, Joe, 160, 243, 280, 280n23, 283-286 Bilt, Carl, 13-15, 24, 25, 31 Bots, 6, 28,123,142,145,146, 148-161,170,210,211, 217, 251 Bronze soldier, 24,104,173, 206, 267 В Baltic States, 1-7,13-17, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26-31, 36-38,40-43, 45,46, 48-50, 77, 94,101,104,124, 133,134,141-162,172,173, 180, 205-207,210,211, 215-220, 227-255, 264, 265, 274, 279, 285, 298-301, 303 C Central and Eastern Europe, 14,49, 56, 77, 228, 229, 232, 235 Cognitive security, 214 Conservatism, 275 Corruption, 102, 244, 253, 273, 278, 280, 285 'Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 J. Chakars, I. Ekmanis (eds.), Information Wars in the Baltic States, The Palgrave Macmillan Series in International Political Communication, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99987-2 305
306 INDEX COVID֊19 vaccination and ethnicity, 198 vaccination and socio-economic conditions, 198 Crimea, 4, 27, 29, 83, 85, 100-106, 108,111-113,155n3,171,173, 174,176,188, 250, 300 D Daukšas, Viktoras, 175,179,180 DebunkEU.org, 6,169-183 Debunking, 134,135,175, 177-183, 299 “Deep State,” 285, 286 DELFI, 106,110,112,125,195 Demaskuok, 125,175 Diena, 17, 231 Digital Forensic Research Lab, 39 Dimants, Ainārs, 18, 27, 107, 108,110 Disinformation, 4-6,12, 20, 26-31, 35-51, 83,107,112, 123-125, 123nl, 132-135,142,143, 147, 151,156-162,156n4,169-171, 174-183,191,193, 205-209, 211, 212, 214, 216, 217, 220, 243nl2, 250-254, 303 Domburs, Jānis, 103 E Eesti Ekspress, 270 Eesti Kirjandus, 11 Eesti Päevaleht, 265nl, 269, 270n4 Eesti Postimees, 11,17 Eesti Rahvusringhääling/Estonia Public Broadcasting (ERR), 2, 82-84, 83nl, 87-90,110 Eesti Vanemad, 271 Elections, 21, 24, 25, 30, 82, 83,124, 147,151,154,159,170,176, 179,188,193, 201,211,213, 241, 243, 244, 264, 275nl8, 283, 284, 286 Elves (Internet), 176 Estonia, 1, 3, 5, 6,12-14,17,19, 20, 22-24, 26-28, 31, 36, 39^5, 47, 48, 51, 58, 59, 81-84, 84n3, 88, 94,101,103,104,106,110, 143-145, 148,149,151-155, 157,172,173,180,181,194nl, 205, 206, 216, 219, 228, 230, 230n3, 231, 231n4, 235, 236, 241-245, 250, 251, 253, 254, 264-269, 269n2, 269n3, 270n4, 270n5, 270n7, 271-275, 271n8, 271n9, 271Ո10,271nll, 273nl3, 273nl4, 274nl5, 277-280, 283-285, 287, 288, 298, 299, 301 Estonian broadcasting, 82 Estonian Defense Forces, 269ոՅ,284 Estonian news, 87 Estonian Parliament, 241, 244, 275 Estonian Public Broadcasting, 5, 83nl, 84, 85, 87,90, 91, 110,
301 Estonian speakers, 36, 88 Ethnic minorities, 15nl, 98, 100,188,198,199ո2, 200, 201 representation in politics (see Minorities) ETV+, see Estonian Public Broadcasting Euromaidan, 40, 171 European Broadcast Union (EBU), 96 European Union (EU), 7, 14, 26, 28-30, 40, 82, 94,101,169, 172,212,215,219, 228,229, 243, 245-247, 249, 254, 255, 276n20, 301
INDEX F Facebook, 1, 2,142,144,145,147, 155,160,162,176,177,196, 211-214, 216, 239, 267, 270ո6, 273nl2, 273nl3,274nl6, 298 Family values, 243, 277 Forest brothers, 5, 35-51 France, 170, 206, 219, 230n3, 252, 264,284 G Gay propaganda, 227-255 Gazeta Wyborcza, 14 Gender ideology, 228, 232, 235, 253,254 Georgia, 16, 39, 40,104,188, 206, 207, 220 Geotargeting, 213 Germany, 42,43,160,170,171, 206, 219, 249, 273 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 16, 30 Grybauskaite, Dalia, 125, 245 H Hanso, Hannes, 284 Helme, Mart, 241nll, 243, 244, 270n5, 271, 276-278, 276n20, 280-283, 280n23, 281n24, 282n27,285,286, 287n29 Holsteins, Jānis, 103 Homophobia, 228,230, 244, 246,253 Hungary, 160, 228, 229, 229nl, 285 Hybrid war, 14,187-189,191, 193,300 I Illiberalism, 77 Information operations, 3, 206, 208, 209, 214, 215, 217-220, 264, 266-269, 269n2, 288 307 Information warfare (IW), 24, 30, 37, 38,40, 57, 64, 65, 70, 76,124, 125,130,132-134,144, 171-173,181,183,190, 196, 205-220 information battlespace, 38 International politics, 62, 63, 66, 67, 71, 268 Internet, 26, 28,106,108,113,124, 126,128-130,176,188, 202, 211,213,228,242 Isamaa, 241, 265, 270n7, 285 Istanbul Convention, 249 J Jakobson, Carl Robert, 12,18,19 Jannsen, Eugen, 11, 21 Jannsen, Johann Voldemar, 11,12, 17-19, 31 Journalism, 11,18-20, 25, 55, 56, 60, 69, 76, 96,105,112,125,198, 200,250, 297, 299 journalists, 4, 6, 12,19-22, 41, 47n2, 56, 68, 69, 71, 76, 95, 96,102,103,105,107,109, 110,125,133,161,170, 174-176,182,192-196, 244, 250, 251Ո14, 270n4, 297-303 К Kaljulaid, Kersti, 243, 276, 282, 283 Kaljurand, Marina, 57, 76, 282, 283 Kallas, Kaja,
244, 282, 283 Kennan, George, 13,15,16, 23-25 Keskerakond, 241, 265, 270n7, 275nl8, 285 KGB, 37, 96n2 Kiselev, Dmitry, 27 Kleckins, Äbrams, 103 Kols, Rihards, НО, 190 Kovalchuk, Yury, 26, 112
308 INDEX Kremlin, 4, 6, 7, 26, 29, 40, 58, 68, 102,106ո5,107, 111, 141,156, 161, 170-174, 176, 181, 182, 187, 188, 194, 206, 210, 215, 235ո7, 244, 249, 250, 253, 263-288, 300-302 Kross, Jaan, 11,12,17-19, 21 Laar, Mart, 35, 42, 44, 45, 50 Language language referendum, 105 Latvian language, 61, 93, 96-98, 100,105,107, 111, 192,194 minority language, 98, 113 Russian language, 5, 26, 27, 31, 39, 59, 61, 83, 87, 89, 90, 93-114,145,147,148, 150-160, 175, 187,189, 193, 196,197, 210, 216-218, 230, 243, 251, 266, 275nl7, 277, 278, 301, 303 Latvia, 1-3, 5-7,13-15,17,19-23, 26-31, 35, 36, 39-43, 45,47, 48,51,55,58, 60,61,63, 65, 66, 68-70, 72-77, 93-114,141, 143-145,147-149,151-155, 157,159, 172,173, 176,180, 187-190,192,193,197-202, 200n3, 205-207, 211, 215-217, 219, 228, 230, 230n3, 231, 231n4, 233, 235-241, 251-254, 265, 298, 299, 301 Latvian Commercial broadcasters LNT, 100,108 ORT, 100,188 Pervyi Baltiiskii Kanal (PBK), 26, 27, 84, 84n4, 87, 101-103,105,107-110, 112,113,189 TV3,100,108,195 TV5,100,102-104,107,110 TV5 Rīga, 100,102 Latvian Parliament, 97,103,189, 238-240, 252, 253 Latvian Public Television Latvian TV, 95 LTV, 75, 94, 96, 96n2, 98, 99,101-113 LTV1, 97, 99,102,109, 111, 195 LTV2, 97-99 LTV7, 27, 99-106,108-113, 189 Latvian Radio, 100,106,108, 109,111-113 Latvian Riflemen, 43 Latvian television(LTV), 75, 94, 96-113, 96n2, 201 Latvijas sabiedriskais medijs/Public Broadcasting of Latvia (LSM), see Public media Lauristin, Marju, 86, 282 Lenin, Vladimir, 21, 22 LGBT rights, 6, 227-255, 302 Lietuvos nacionalinis radijas ir televizij a/Lithuanian National Radio and
Television (LRT), 126, 230, 247, 249, 250, 250nl3 Lithuania, 3, 5-7,13,14nl, 19, 20, 22, 24, 27, 28, 31, 36, 40-49, 47n2,101,106,123, 125, 143-145,148,149,151-155, 157-159,161,170,172-174, 176,180,181,205,206,215, 216, 219, 228-231, 230n3, 231n4, 233-236, 233n5, 241, 245-250, 253, 298, 300-302 Lithuanian Parliament, 245-247 Ločmele-Luņeva, Regīna, 96 LTV, see Public Media, Latvian public television
INDEX M Maaleht, 270 Media attitudes, 57, 60, 61, 66, 69, 71, 73, 76,198, 200 audiences, 5, 26, 27, 55, 57-61, 63, 67, 69, 71-73, 76, 86, 111, 161,187,191-193 effects, 39, 128, 187,188,191, 192,198, 202 independence, 20, 65 institutions, 5, 55-57, 59-61, 64-67, 69, 71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 85, 86 political instrumentalization of, 26, 57, 76 regulators, 189, 251 trust, 6, 56, 82,188, 198-200, 300 use, 57, 61-63, 77,198, 300 Western, 25, 38, 63, 74, 75 Memory politics, 47 Military, 4,17, 27, 28, 30, 38,40,42, 43, 48-50,. 110,125,148,149, 151,153,156,157n5,159,171, 173,174,178,188-190, 207-209, 214, 218-220, 273nl4, 300-302 Minorities ethnic minorities, 15nl, 98, 100, 188,198,199n2, 200, 201 non-Latvian language audience, 100 Russian-language audience, 100 Russophones, 94,102, 275nl8 Misinformation, 4, 25, 37, 38, 72, 123,123nl, 134,142,170,172, 179,180,183, 239, 254, 286, 300 Misogyny, 277, 282-283 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 14 Mūrniece, Ināra, 108,193 309 N Narodnoe Radio, 85 National security, 2,13, 58,108, 174,288 Nationalism, 13,18,173, 286, 302 NATO Strategic Communication Centre of Excellence, 142,189 Nazism, 41,43, 48,173 Network structure, 130-131 News media trust in, 6,188,198-200 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 3, 5-7,14, 28, 29, 31, 35-51, 82, 94,102, 111, 125, 126,141,143-145,147-161, 171-174,176, 205-220, 249, 265,267, 271, 283-285, 287, 288, 301, 302 Novodvorskis, Vladimirs, 99 О Objektiiv, 266, 269-271, 270ո4 Õhtuleht, 231, 269 Ordine influence, 130, 134 Operation Infektion, 38, 49 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, 98 P Partisanship, 72
Pervyi Baltiiskii Kanal (PBK), 26, 27, 84, 84n4, 87,101-103,105, 107-110,112,113,189 Pervyi Kanai, 188,189 Peskov, Dmitri, 4, 283 Poland, 5, 41, 43, 48,126,141, 143-145,148-160,175,176, 180, 206, 207, 219, 228, 229, 236, 239, 246, 248, 270n4, 285
310 INDEX Polarization, 59,180, 240, 253, 302 Populism, 264, 265, 288 Postimees, 12,18, 231, 269, 303 Post-truth, 169-183,193 Propaganda, 2, 4,16, 20, 24, 26, 27, 37,40,45, 50, 66-73, 75, 77, 82, 95,101,102,110,124,134, 169,171-176,181-183,187, 190-192, 201, 207, 210, 227-255, 271, 288, 301, 303 Public media, 26,106,108,109, 111, 113,238-240, 240nl0 Estonian Public Broadcasting (ERR), 2, 82-85, 83nl, 87-90, 110, 230, 230n3, 242-244, 251, 254, 270, 271, 273nl3, 275, 285, 301 Latvian public radio, 55, 61, 62, 69 Latvian public television, 56, 61, 94, 96, 96n2, 98, 99,101-114 public radio, 27, 61, 63, 64, 67, 76 public television, 105, 111, 188,195 Public opinion, representation of, 197, 200 Putin, Vladimir, 3, 23, 24, 26, 28-30, 40, 68, 74,103,106,125,133, 153, 207, 228, 273, 276 R Raadio 4, 83nl, 85 Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 16 Ramanauskas, Adolfas, 46 See also “Vanagas” Reirs, Jānis, 110 Riigikogu, see Estonian Parliament RTRRossiya, 107,189,191 Russia, 1-4, 6, 7,13-16, 24, 26, 27, 29-31, 37-40, 42,48-51, 55, 57, 59, 60, 62, 65, 67-70, 72-76, 81, 82, 84-87, 84n4, 91, 94-96, 100-107,109-114,124,125, 135,141-144,147,149,150, 155, 155n3,156,171-174,176, 178,181,187-193,196-200, 200n3, 202, 205-207, 209-212, 215-216, 218-220, 228, 229, 239, 249-253, 255, 264, 268, 271-274, 273nl2, 276, 276n20, 285, 287, 288, 298, 303 Russian Federation, 3, 5,172,174, 187,191,205 Russian Federation television, 191 Russian-language media in the Baltics, 150,216 Russian-language speakers, 26, 57, 58, 73, 74, 94, 96,102,105-108, 110-112,141, 216, 265, 266, 274, 275nl8, 276 Russian media, 6,
25-27, 29, 31,48, 57, 70, 72, 74,101,107,149, 159,161,173,198,202,210, 215, 218, 244, 250 Russian television, 6, 59, 69, 84, 95, 97,188,192, 250 Russian-speakers in the Baltics, 217 Russian-speakers in Estonia, 265 Russian-speakers in Finland, 39 Russian-speakers in Latvia, 202 Russia Today (RT), 24, 27,112,149, 156,158,182,215,244, 250, 250nl3, 251 Russification, 95, 106 Russkoje Radio, 85 Russophone, see Russian-language speakers S Saar, Indrek, 280, 282 Saeima, see Latvian Parliament
INDEX Sārts, Janis, 110, 208 Security, 2,4, 7,13,14,15nl, 20, 28, 29, 35,45,47, 58,93,104, 106-108,111,113,114,142, 162,171,173,174,180,182, 197, 214, 215, 217, 269n2, 273nl4, 277, 283-285, 288 Seimas, see Lithuanian Parliament Singing Revolution, 14 Sky Plus, 85 Sky Radio, 85 Slovenia, 228, 229nl, 232 Snore, Edvīns, 106 Social identity theory (SIT), 266-268 Social media, 1, 3, 5, 37-40,48,63, 83, 124,127,128,131-133,135, 141-147,150-153,156,158-162, 172,178,200,200n3,201,205, 206,209-219,248,267,269, 302 Solodov, Oleg, 26,112 Soviet Story, The, 48 Soviet Union Soviet Media, 70 Sputnik, 1, 2,155,156,156n4, 215, 251, 272, 273nl2, 273nl3, 274, 274nl6, 287, 301 Strategic communication, 28, 31, 40, 106n5,144,172,179, 206-210, 301 Survey data, 61, 62 Television, 3, 6, 7, 22, 27, 28, 55-59, 61-64, 67, 69, 73-76, 81-91, 161,180,188-195,197, 199-201, 200n3, 210, 218, 228, 230, 250, 251, 300, 301 Russian-language, 5, 6, 93-114, 217, 301 311 Threaded structure, 131-132 Traditional values, 228, 239, 250, 252, 273 Trolls (Internet), 31, 39,123,144, 145,157,162,170,175-177, 181, 211,243nl2, 250-253 Twitter, 3, 5, 36, 50,127,144-160, 162, 211-213 U Ukraine, 3, 4, 7,16, 27, 29, 30, 39, 40, 43,48, 57, 59, 60, 66, 67, 82,83,94, 97,106-113,133, 150,155n3,161,171-173,176, 188, 206, 207, 209, 216, 220, 251, 279 Ušakovs, Nils, 102, 240nl0 V Vanagaitė, Rūta, 46, 47ո2 “Vanagas,” 46, 47 Vesti, 87,158 Vikerraadio, 83nl, 85 Violence, 45,160, 232, 237, 238, 249, 252, 253, 269 Voice of America (VOA), 16, 22, 23 World War II, 5,14,16, 20, 24, 28, 29, 36, 45,46, 50, 82, 104,143,149,157,190, 216, 274 Z
Zakharova, Marina, 283 Žemaitis, Jonas, 45 Bayerisch^ i Staatsbibliothek München I |
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| id | DE-604.BV048564578 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:00:58Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:41:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783030999865 |
| issn | 2945-6126 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033940705 |
| oclc_num | 1356734806 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xvi, 311 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20230215 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Palgrave Macmillan |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | The Palgrave Macmillan series in international political communication |
| spelling | Information wars in the Baltic States Russia's long shadow Janis Chakars, Indra Ekmanis (editors) Cham, Switzerland Palgrave Macmillan [2022] © 2022 xvi, 311 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Palgrave Macmillan series in international political communication 2945-6126 Political Communication International Relations Communication in politics International relations Desinformation (DE-588)4252093-9 gnd rswk-swf Propaganda (DE-588)4076374-2 gnd rswk-swf Information warfare (DE-588)4461975-3 gnd rswk-swf Baltikum (DE-588)4004379-4 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Information warfare (DE-588)4461975-3 s Propaganda (DE-588)4076374-2 s Desinformation (DE-588)4252093-9 s Baltikum (DE-588)4004379-4 g DE-604 Chakars, Janis edt Ekmanis, Indra (DE-588)1183384564 edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-030-99987-2 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033940705&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033940705&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Information wars in the Baltic States Russia's long shadow Political Communication International Relations Communication in politics International relations Desinformation (DE-588)4252093-9 gnd Propaganda (DE-588)4076374-2 gnd Information warfare (DE-588)4461975-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4252093-9 (DE-588)4076374-2 (DE-588)4461975-3 (DE-588)4004379-4 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Information wars in the Baltic States Russia's long shadow |
| title_auth | Information wars in the Baltic States Russia's long shadow |
| title_exact_search | Information wars in the Baltic States Russia's long shadow |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Information wars in the Baltic States Russia's long shadow |
| title_full | Information wars in the Baltic States Russia's long shadow Janis Chakars, Indra Ekmanis (editors) |
| title_fullStr | Information wars in the Baltic States Russia's long shadow Janis Chakars, Indra Ekmanis (editors) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Information wars in the Baltic States Russia's long shadow Janis Chakars, Indra Ekmanis (editors) |
| title_short | Information wars in the Baltic States |
| title_sort | information wars in the baltic states russia s long shadow |
| title_sub | Russia's long shadow |
| topic | Political Communication International Relations Communication in politics International relations Desinformation (DE-588)4252093-9 gnd Propaganda (DE-588)4076374-2 gnd Information warfare (DE-588)4461975-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Political Communication International Relations Communication in politics International relations Desinformation Propaganda Information warfare Baltikum Russland Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033940705&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033940705&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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