Kutuzov: a life in war and peace
"The first modern English-language biography of Mikhail Golenischev-Kutuzov, the famed Russian Field Marshal and central character of Leo Tolstoy's epic "War and Peace." One of the most important military minds of the period, he is credited with defeating Napoleon and saving Russ...
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| Zusammenfassung: | "The first modern English-language biography of Mikhail Golenischev-Kutuzov, the famed Russian Field Marshal and central character of Leo Tolstoy's epic "War and Peace." One of the most important military minds of the period, he is credited with defeating Napoleon and saving Russia, though his fame is not limited to the Napoleonic wars. As it often happens with national heroes, Kutuzov gradually became larger than life, a messianic character who led Holy Russia against the evils of the Revolution and anarchy; the Soviet leaders later exploited his personality for even more grandiose schemes. The real Kutuzov was gradually replaced by a mythical character who appeared at a time of great danger to save Russia. The impact of this propaganda can be still seen in modern Russia: In 2000, the public opinion poll showed that majority of the Russians consider Kutuzov as "the Person of the 19th Century," far ahead of famous writers Alexander Pushkin and Leo Tolstoy, composer Peter Tchaikovsky or scientist Dmitry Mendeleyev, while the 2017 public opinion poll placed Kutuzov in the top twenty of the most distinguished historical personalities in world history (slightly behind Napoleon). As much as Kutuzov is venerated in Russia, he remains an overlooked figure in the West, with Western historiography comprising of just a handful of titles in English, French or German, the vast majority of them translations of older Soviet works or derived from them. This book provides a new biography of the field marshal, examining his personal life and military/diplomatic accomplishments, and relying on a wide range of primary and secondary sources as well as Russian archival material. Mikaberidze offers a fresh look at the historical figure whose character remains elusive but whose accomplishments are irrefutable."-- |
| Beschreibung: | xxi, 789 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts (teilweise farbig) |
| ISBN: | 9780197546734 |
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| 653 | 0 | |a Napoleonic Wars, 1800-1815 / Campaigns / Russia | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS List of Maps ix Acknowledgments Author’s Note Prologue xi xiii xvii PART I CHAPTER I A Boy from Pskov Province, 1747-1762 CHAPTER 2 The Masters and the Apprentice, 1763—1771 CHAPTER 3 At Death’s Door, 1772-1785 CHAPTER 4 “An Eagle from the Lofty Flock,” 1786-1789 CHAPTER 5 “The Gutters Dyed with Blood,” 1790 CHAPTER 6 “The Glorious Hero of Macin,” 1791-1792 3 20 39 50 64 82 PART II CHAPTER 7 The Envoy of Her Imperial Majesty, 1793 CHAPTER 8 At the Court of the Sultan, 1794 97 113 CHAPTER 9 Military Philosophe and Courtier, 1794-1797 CHAPTER 10 The Wrathful Czar, 1796-1801 CHAPTER 11 Walking the Tightrope, 1801-1804 146 168 133
Vill I CONTENTS PART III CHAPTER 12 Confronting Napoleon, 1805 CHAPTER 13 “The Glorious Retreat” CHAPTER 14 The Tale of Two Ruses CHAPTER 15 The Eclipse of Austerlitz 183 206 226 237 PART IV CHAPTER 16 The Wilderness Years, 1806—1808 267 CHAPTER 17 The Carnage on the Danube, 1809 278 CHAPTER l8 Call to Arms, 1810—1811 295 CHAPTER 19 The Master of War, 1811 319 CHAPTER 20 Between War and Peace, January—June 1812 PART V CHAPTER 2 I The Fateful Year CHAPTER 22 The Road to Borodino CHAPTER 23 The Hollow Victory CHAPTER 24 The Torrent and the Sponge 405 CHAPTER 25 “The Old Fox of the North” 424 CHAPTER 26 The Turning Point CHAPTER 27 “The Golden Bridge” CHAPTER 28 The Chase CHAPTER 29 The Great Escape CHAPTER 30 The Last Campaign 345 361 383 446 455 466 480 Epilogue 509 Notes 521 Select Bibliography Index 757 497 735 332
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbreviations CIOIDR: Chteniya v Imperatorskom Obschestve Istorii i Dvenostei Rossiiskikh General Staff Archives՛. Otechestvennaya voina 1812 goda. Materiały Voenno-Uchebnogo Arkhiva Glavnoga Shtaba. 21 volumes. St. Petersburg: Voen.-uchen. Kom. Gl. Shtaba, 1905-1914. Journal of the Outgoing Correspondence of the Commander in Chief. Podrobnyi zhumal iskhodyashikh bumag Sobstvennoi kantselyarii Glavnokomandyushego Soedinennymi Armiyami General-Feldmarshala Knyazya Kutuzova-Smolenskago v 1812 godu, ed ited by V. Nikolskii and N. Polikarpov. In Trudy Moskovskago otdela imperatorskago Russkago Voenno-istoricheskago obschestva, volume II (Moscow: Tip. Shtaba Moskov. Voen. Okruga, 1912). The Kutuzov Papers՛. “Arkhiv knyazya Μ. I. Golenischeva-Kutuzova Smolenskogo 1745-1813 gg.” In Russkaya starina, 1870—1872. Proceedings of the Committee of Ministers: Zhurnaly Komiteta ministrov, 1810—1812 gg. St. Petersburg: V. Bezobrazov, 1891. PSZ: Polnoe sobrante zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii r 1649 goda. 45 volumes. St. Petersburg: Tip. II Otd. Sobstv. Ego Imperat. Velichestva Kantselyarii, 1830. RGADA: Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents, Moscow. RGVIA: Russian State Military Historical Archives, Moscow. SIRIO: Sborník Imperatorskago russkago istoricheskago obschestva. 148 volumes. St. Petersburg, 1867-1916. TIRVIO: Trudy imperatorskogo Russkogo voenno-istoricheskogo obschestva. 7 volumes. St. Petersburg: Gr. Skachkov, 1909-1912. TSGIA: Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg. VPR: Vneshnaya politika Rossit XIX. I nochala XX veka; dokumenti Rossiiskogo
Ministerstva Inostrannikh del. Series i, 8 volumes. Moscow: Gos. izd. polit, lit., 1960—1995.
736 i SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Institutions Archives du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères Archives Nationales, Paris Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin Presidential Library Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg Institute of the Russian Literature (Pushkinskii Dom) of the Russian Academy of Sciences Lithuanian State Historical Archive National Digital Library of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation Nekrasov Central Library of Moscow Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents Russian State Library Russian State Military Historical Archive State Archive of the Pskov Region, Russia Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine Periodicals Gazette Nationale, ou Le Moniteur Universel Istoricheskii vestnik Istoricheskii, statisticheskii I geograficheskii zhurnal Otechestvennye zapiski Russkaya starina Russkii arkhiv Russkii invalid Sankt-Peterburgskie vedomosti Sborník imperatorskogo russkogo istoricheskogo obshhestva Severnaya pochta Syn Otechestva The Times (London) Vestnik Evropy Voenno-Istoricheskii vestnik Voennyi sborník Kutuzov’s Private Correspondence “Arkhiv knyazya M. I. Golenischeva-Kutuzova Smolenskogo 1745-1813 gg.” Russkaya starina 3 (1870): 249-258; 11 (1870): 498-514; 1 (1871): 49-60; 2 (1871): 201-204; 2 (1872): 257-269; 5 (1872): 647-660, 698-705. “Dva pis’ma general-majora Mikhaila Illarionovicha Golenischeva-Kutuzova Smolenskogo.” Zapiski imp. Odesskogo о-va istorii i drevnostei, 1881, XXII, t. 12,486. Fel’dmarshal-general M.I. Kutuzov. Pis’ma, zapiski, eds. N.I. Ryazanov and N. Shakhmagonov (Moscow: Voen. Izd. 1989). “Iz lichnoj perepiski (1811-1813
gg·)·” Znamya 5 (1948): 89-120.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY I 737 “Perepiska knyazya M. I. Kutuzova s rodnymi.” Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnoga prosveshheniya i (1912): 1—36. “Pis’ma avstriiskogo imperatora Frantsa I k M. I. Kutuzovu, 1805 g.” Russkaya starina 4 (1870): 325-344. “Pis’ma к docheri grafine E. M. Tiesengauzen 1803-1813 gg.” Russkaya starina 6 (1874): ЗЗ8-377· “Pis’mo k zhene.” Russkaya starina 1 (1870): 500-501; 4 (1874): 647. Kutuzov’s Military Correspondence Dokumenty shtaba M. I. Kutuzova, 1805-1806. Edited by S. Salimov and B. Tungusov. Vilnius: Gos. Izdateľstvo Polit, i Nauchnoi Literatury, 1951. Fel’dmarshal Kutuzov; sborník dokumentov i materialov. Edited by N. Korobkov. Moscow: Gospolitizdat, 1947. Fel’dmarshal Kutuzov: dokumenty, dnevniki, vospominaniya. Edited by A. Val’kovich and A. Kapitonov. Moscow: Arkheog. Tsentr., 1995. Kutuzov v dunaiskih knyazhestvah: sbornik dokumentov. Kishinev: Gos. Izd-vo Moldavii, 1948. M. I. Kutuzov: Sbornik dokumentov. Edited by Liubomir Beskrovnyi. 5 volumes. Moscow: Voeniszdat, 1950-1956. Materiały po Otechestvennoi voine. Podrobnyi zhurnal iskhodyashikh bumag sobstvennoi kantselyarii Glavnokomanduyushego soedinennymi armiyami general-feľdmarshala Kutuzova Smolenskogo v 1812 g. 2 volumes. Edited by V. Nikol’skii. Moscow: Tip. Shtaba Moskov. Voen. Okruga, 1912. Primechaniya 0 pekhotnoi sluzhbe voobshhe i 0 egerskoi osobenno. Edited by Liubomir Beskrovnyi. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1955. Sources 1812-1814: relyatsii, pis’ma, dnevniki. Edited by A. Afanasyev. Moscow: Terra, 1992. Adams, John Quincy. Writings of John Quincy Adams. Edited by Worthington Chauncey Ford.
New York: Macmillan, 1913. Adams, Michael. Napoleon and Russia. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2006. Aksan, Virginia H. An Ottoman Statesman in War and Peace: Ahmed Resmi Efendi, 1700-1781. Leiden: Brill, 1995. Aksan, Virginia H. Ottoman Wars, 1700-1870: An Empire Besieged. New York: Pearson, 2007. Alexander, John T. Catherine the Great: Life and Legend. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Alombert, Paul Claude. Campagne de ľan 14 (1805): Le corps d’armée aux ordres du maréchal Mortier. Combat de Dürrenstein. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1897. Alombert, Paul Claude, and Jean Lambert Alphonse Colin. La Campagne de 1805 en Allemagne. Paris: R. Chapelot, 1902. Altschuler, Roman. “Kutuzov как vnnyi pedagog—Direktor Kadetskogo Korpusa. ” In Voprosy voennoi istorii Rossit XVIII ipervoipoloviny XIX veka, 251—262. Moscow, 1969.
738 I select bibliography Andreyev, Alexander. Knyaz’ Vasilit Mikhailovich Dolgorukov-Krymskii. Dokumentál’noe zhizneopisanie. Istoricheskaya khronika XVIII veka. Moscow: Mezh. Tsentr otrasllevoi informatiki Gosatomnadzora Rossii, 1997. Anekdoty ili dostopamyatnye skazaniya ob ego svetlosti general-fel'dmarshale knyaze Mlkhaile lllarionoviche Golenischeve-Kutuzove Smoleńskom, nachinaya s pervykh let ego sluzhby do konchiny, s priobsheniem nekotoryh ego pisem, dostopamyatnyh ego rechei i prikazov. 2 volumes. St. Petersburg, 1814. Antonov, A. Pervyi kadetskii korpus. St. Petersburg: Skoropechatnya Rashkova, 1906. Arkhangel’skii, Alexander. Aleksandr I. Moscow: Molodaya gvardiya, 2012. Arkhiv bratyev Turgenevykh. St. Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1911. Arkhiv knyazya Vorontsova. 40 volumes. Moscow: Tip. Gracheva, 1870—1895. Austin, Paul Britten. 1812: Napoleon’s Invasion of Russia. Combined edition. London, 2000. Bailleu, Paul, ed. Briefwechsel könig Friedrich Wilhelm’s III und der koniğin Luise mit kaiser Alexander I. Leipzig: S. Hirzel, 1900. Balyazin, Waldemar. Fel’dmarshal Aí. B. Barclay de Tolly: zhizn’ i polkovodcheskaya deyateľnosť. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1990. Balyazin, Waldemar. Mikhail Kutuzov. Mamarff. Moskovskii rabochii, 1991. Bantysh-Kamenskii, Dmitrii. Biografii rossiiskikh generalissimusov i generalfeld’marshalov. St. Petersburg: Tip. Tretyago Dept. Min. Gos. Imushestv, 1840. Bantysh-Kamenskii, Dmitrii. Slovar’ dostopamyatnykh lyudei Russkoi zemli. Volume i. St. Petersburg, 1847. Barclay de Tolly, Mikhail. Izobrazhenie voennykh deistvii i-oi armii v
1812 godu. Moscow, 1859. Also Chteniya v Imperatorskom Moskovskom obshestve istorii i drevnosti 2 (1858): 1-32. Barran, Thomas. Russia Reads Rousseau, 1762-1825. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2002. Barskov, Yakov, ed. Perepiska moskovskikh masonov XVUI-go veka, 1780-1 усу 2 gg. Petrograd: Izd. Otd. Rus. yaz. i slovesnosti Imperatorskoi akad. Nauk, 1915. Bartenev, A. Biografiya generalissimusov i general-fel’dmarshalov Rossiiskoi imperatorskoi armii. St. Petersburg, 1912. Bartenev, A. “Knyaz’ Mikhail Illarionovich Golenischev-Kutuzov Smolenskii.” Voenno-istoricheskii sbornik 3 (1912): 1-14. Beer, Adolf. ZehnJahre Oesterreichischer Politik, 1801-1810. Leipzig: Brodhaus, 1877. Belloc, Hilaire. Napoleon’s Campaign of 1812 and the Retreat from Moscow. New York, 1926. Benckendorf, Alexander. “Iz memuarov grafa A. Kh. Benckendorfa.” Rossiisskii arkhiv 18 (2 009). http://feb-web.ru/feb/rosarc/rai/rai-2 5 8-.htm. Bennigsen, Levin. Mémoires du Général Bennigsen. Edited by Eutrope Cazalas. 3 volumes. Paris, 1908. Bennigsen, Levin. Pis’ma o voine 1812 goda. Translated and edited by P. Maikov. Kyiv, 1912.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY I 7J9 Bennigsen, Levin. “Zapiski grafa L. L. Bennigsena o kampanii 1812 g.” Russkaya starina 138, nos. 4, 6(1909); vol. 139, nos. 7, 9 (1909); vol. 140, nos. 11-12(1909). Berg, Gregor von. Autobiographie des Generalen der Infanterie Gregor von Berg. Dresden: E. Blochman, 1871. Beskrovnyi, L. Otechestvennaia voina 1812 goda. Moscow, 1968. Beskrovnyi, L. Otechestvennaya voina 1812 goda i kontrnastuplenie Kutuzova. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of SSSR, 1951. Beskrovnyi, L., and G. Mescheryakov. Borodino: dokumenty, pis’ma, vospominaniya. Moscow, 1962. Bessonov, V. Tarutinskoe srazhenie. Moscow: Kniga, 2008. Bestuzhev-Riumin, A. “Proizshestviya v stolitse Moskve do vtorzheniya v onuyu nepriyatelya.” Chteniya v Imperatorskom Moskovskom obshestve istorii i drevnosti 2 (1859), V, 69-89. Bezotosnyi, Viktor. Donskoi generalitet i Ataman Platov v 1812 godu: Maloizvestnye i neizvestnye fakty na fone znamenitykh sobytii. Moscow, 1999. Bezotosnyi, Viktor. Napoleonovskie voiny. Moscow: Veche, 2010. Bezotosnyi, Viktor, ed. Otechestvennaia voina 1812 goda: Entsiklopedia. Moscow, 2004. Bezsonov, Ivan. Bitva v Maloyaroslavtse. Kaluga: Tip. Gubern. Pravlenia, 1912. Blum, Jerome. Lord and Peasant in Russia from the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1971. Bochkov, E. “Tseremonial pogrebeniya M. I. Golenischeva-Kutuzova: Neizvestnye stranitsy.” Museum Borodisnkoe Pole, https://www.borodino.ru/wp-content/ uploads/2017/08/18_Bochkov_E. A.pdf. Bogdanovich, Modest. Istoriya otechestvennoi voiny 1812 goda po dostaveným istochnikam. St.
Petersburg: S. Strugovshikov and Co., 1859. Bogdanovich, Modest. Istoriya tsarstvovaniya imp. Aleksandra I i Rossit v ego vremya. 6 volumes. St. Petersburg, 1869—1871. Bogdanovich, Modest. Istoriya voiny 1813 goda za nezavisimosť Germanii 00 dostovernym istochnikam. St. Petersburg, 1863. Bogdanovich, Modest. Pokhody Rumyantseva, Potemkina i Suvorova v Turtsii. St. Petersburg: E. Weymar, 1852. Bogolyubov, A. Polkovodcheskoe iskusstvo A. V Suvorova. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1939. Borisov, S. Kutuzov. Ocherk zhizni i deyatel’nosti velikoga russkogo polkovodtsa. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1938. Borodino v vospominaniyakh sovremennikov. St. Petersburg, 2001. Boudon, Jacques-Olivier. Napoléon et la campagne de Russie 1812. Paris: Armand Colin, 2012. Boyarintsev, V. Μ. I. Kutuzov—pobediteľ Napoleona. Moscow: Russkii Lad, 2013. Bragin, Mikhail. Polkovodets Kutuzov. Moscow: Gospolitizdat, 1944. English edi tion: Field Marshal Kutuzov: A Short Biography. Moscow: Foreign Languages Pub. House, 1944. French edition: Μ. Koutouzov. Paris: R. Julliard, 1947. Briekner, A., ed., Materiały dlya zhizneopisaniya Grafa Nikity Petrovicha Panina (1770-1837). St. Petersburg: Tip. Imp. Akademiis Nauk, 1890.
74° I SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Brückner, Alexander. Smert’ Pavla I. St. Petersburg: Μ. V. Pirozhkov, 1907. Butovskii, I. Fel’dmarshal knyaz Golenischev-Kutuzov pri kontse i nachale svoego boevogo poprishha. Pervaya voina imperatora Aleksandra s Napoleonom v ī8oļ g. St. Petersburg, 1858. Buturlin, Dimitri. Istoriya nashestviya imperatora Napoleona na Rossiyu v 1812 g. St. Petersburg: Voen. Tip. Glavnogo Shtaba, 1823. Buturlin, Dmitri. “Kutuzov v 1812 godu.” Russkaya starina 10(1894): 201-220; n (1894): 193-213; 12 (1894): 133-154. Capefigue, Jean-Baptiste Honore Raymond. L’Europe pendant le Consulat et l’Empire de Napoléon. Paris: Pitois-Levrault, 1840. Castle, Ian. Austerlitz: Napoleon and the Eagles of Europe. Barnsley: Pen Sword, 2005. Cate, Curtis. The War of the Two Emperors. The Duel Between Napoleon and Alexander: Russia 1812. New York, 1985. Cathcart, George. Commentaries on the War in Russia and Germany in 1812 and 1813. London: John Murray, 1850. Caulaincourt, Armand-Augustin-Louis, Marquis de. AÍÄwira du Général de Caulaincourt, duc de Vicente, grand écuyer de l’empereur. Paris: Plon, 1933. Cavender, Mary W. Nests of the Gentry: Family, Estate and Local Loyalties in Provincial Russia. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2007. Chechulin, Nikolai. Russkoe provintsialnoe obschestvo vo vtoroi polovine XVIII veka. St. Petersburg: Tip. V. S. Balasheva, 1889. Chichagov, Pavel. Memoires inédits de l’Amiral Tchitchagoff. Campagnes de la Russie en 1812 contre la Turquie, l’Autriche et la France. Berlin: E Schneider, 1855. Chichagov, Pavel. “Pisma admirala Chichagova к
imperatoru Aleksandru I.” Sborník imperatorskogo russkogo istoricheskogo obschestva 6 (1871). Choiseul-Gouffier, Sophie de. Historical Memoirs of the Emperor Alexander I and the Court of Russia. London: Kegan Paul, 1904. Clausewitz, Carl von. Der Feldzug von 1812 in Russland, der Feldzug von 1813 bis zum Waffenstillstand und der Feldzug von 1814 in Frankreich. Edited by Marie von Clausewitz. Berlin: Ferdinand Dümmler, 1835. Conermann, Stephan. “Das Eigene und das Fremde: der Bericht der Gesandtschaft Musala Rasihs nach St. Petersburg 1792-1794.” Archivům Ottomanicum 17 (1999): 249—263. Crossard, Jean Baptiste Louis de. Mémoires militaires et historiques. Volume 4. Paris: Migneret, 1829. Czartoryski, Adam. Memoirs of Prince Adam Czartoryski and His Correspondence with Alexander I. Edited by Adam Gielgud. 2 volumes. London: Remington, 1888. Damas, Roger de. Memoirs of the Comte Roger de Damas, 1787-1806. Edited and annotated by Jacques Rambaud. London: Chapman and Hall, 1913. Davies, B. Empire and Military Revolution in Eastern Europe: Russia’s Turkish Wars in the Eighteenth Century. London: Continuum, 2011. Davies, Brian. The Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774. Catherine II and the Ottoman Empire. London: Bloomsbury, 2016.
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Petersburg: Tip. Trenke, 1912. Zhilin, P. Kontrnastuplenie Kutuzova v 1812 godu. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1950. Zhilin, P. Kontrnastuplenie russkoi armii v 1812 godu. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1953. Zhilin, P. Kutuzov. Zhizn’ i polkovodcheskaya deyateľnosť. Moscow: Voennoe Izdatel’stvo, 1978. Zhilin, P. Pazgrom turetskoi armii v 1811 godu. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1952. Zhirkevich, Ivan. “Zapiski 1789-1848 gg.” Russkaya starina IX, no. 2 (1874): 207244; X (1874): 633-666; XI (1874): 411-450, 642-664. Zhizn’ i voennye podvigi general-fel’dmarshala, svetleishego knyazya Mikhaila lllarionovicha Golenischeva-Kutuzova Smolenskogo. S opisaniem rodoslovnoj ego familii. St. Petersburg, 1813. Zhmodikov, Alexander and Yurii Zhmodikov, Tactics of the Russian Army in the Napoleonic Wars. West Chester, OH: The Nafziger Collection, 2003. Zhurnal voennykh deistvii armei Eya imperatorskago Velichestva 1770 goda. St. Petersburg: War College, 1771. Zhurnaly Komiteta ministrov, 1810-1812 gg. St. Petersburg: V. Bezobrazov, 1891.
INDEX For the benefit of digital users, indexed terms that span two pages (e.g,, 52-53) may, on occasion, appear on only one of those pages. Note: Page references followed by a “t” indicate table; “f’ indicate figure. Abalykhin, Boris, 718Ո.3 Abdul Hamid Efendi, 309 Abdulhamid I (sultan), 44-45 Abdul Hamid I (sultan), 47-48 Adams, Charles Francis, 673η.32, 729η.59 Adams, John Quincy, 350-51, 404, 425֊ 26, 453։ 494 in diplomacy, 644-45Ո.8 memoirs of, 723Ո.68 reputation with, 698η.5 adultery, 300-5 Aegerström, Fedor, 175 affairs, 300-5 Age of Reason, 80-81 Agha, Boşnak, 315-16 Ahmed Cevdet, 84-85 Ahmed Pasha authority of, 309, 330-31 in battle, 315-16, 330-31 diplomacy with, 313-14, 329, 331 leadership of, 37-38, 322, 327 strategy of, 318, 320-21, 322 Ahmed Resmi Efendi, 32-33, 35 Ainslie, Robert, 122-23 Akhsharumov, Dmitri, 514 Akimov, D., 642Ո.44 Alexander I, 165, 167 Austria and, 653Ո.3 authority of, 282, 284, 310, 316-17, 333-35- 348-49, 437-38,445,480, 501-2, 503, 653-54Ո.15, 726Ո.23 Barclay de Tolly and, 355-56, 358-59, 470-71, 484-85, 669Ո.59, 671-72Ո.20 benevolence of, 510-11 Bennigsen and, 172 Bonaparte and, 183-84, 244-45, 247, 320, 335-36, 342, 434֊зб, 637Ո.49 Chichagov and, 337—38, 494, 661П.32 correspondence with, бобп.63, 608Ո.87, 608Ո.89, 614Ո.52, 618Ո.89, 62in.32, 631Ո.97, 631П.102, 724Ո.4 criticism of, 488 to Czartoryski, 242 Denmark to, 183 diplomacy of, 189-90 family of, 595Ո.104, 599Ո.3 France to, 347, 469 Francis and, 217-18, 238, 240 Frederick William HI and, 502 in history, 504-5, 515 Kochubey and, 58ın.93 Kutuzov, Catherine (wife) and, 510-11
leadership of, 246, 252, 258, 330, 480-81, 628η.49 military of, 188-89 Moscow to, 498-99
758 i INDEX Alexander I (cont.) Murat and, 373 Naryshkin, Μ., and, 470-71 Ottoman Empire to, 310 Pahlen and, 168-69 Prozorovskii and, 291, 293-94, 643Ո.65 Prussia to, 208, 237 psychology of, 240-43, 257, 261, 276, 435-36, 669Ո.61 public opinion and, 490-94, 495-96, 500, 722η.53 relationship with, 171-74,195-96, 209, 225, 232, 238-39, 245, 254-56, 26263, 267-69, 276-77, 350-51, 359, 363-64, 371-72, 403-4, 4i8 427-շ8, 433-34, 443-44, 453֊54, 497֊98, 504-5, 506-7, 614Ո.56, 6t8n-90, 659-60Ո.14 reputation of, 168-71, 239, 262-63, 358-59, 509-ю reserve forces to, 675Ո.56 Rostopchin and, 418-19, 689η.9 Savary and, 245 service to, 174-77 in society, 346-47 strategy of, 2x 1-і2, 298-99 Sweden and, 185 war to, 184, 498-99 wealth of, 268-69 Wilson and, 430, 493-94, 500, 722η.52 Alexander II, 511 Alexander Nevskii, 3-4, 506 Alexandra Pavlovna (grand duchess), 585-86Ո.47 Ali Bey, 67-68 Ali Pasha, 275 ambassadorship. See diplomacy Amherst, Jeffery, 53-54 ammunition, 405-6 ancestry, 3-7 Angeli, Franz, 110-11, 123-24 Angeli, Moritz von, 609Ո.99 Anhalt, Friedrich von, 133, 134-35, 13637, 140-41. 144 Anhalt, Victor Amadeus, 60 Anna (empress), 27 Anna loanovna (empress), 133-34, 169 Anna Petrovna, 62 Arakcheyev, Aleksey, 239, 356-57, 443-44, 470-71, 639η. 13 aristocracy czars to, 13 in Europe, 43-44 nobility and, 8, 10 serfs and, 10 Armistice of Slobozia, 278, 282 Army of Moldavia, 647η.52 in battle, 315-17 leadership of, 278-81, 300-5, 309-14, 317-18, 663Ո.52 provisions for, 283-84, 305-9 reputation of, 291-92 strategy with, 658Ո.75 Army of Podolia challenges of, 198-202, 243 as First Army,
186-87, 188-90, 218 leadership of, 190-96, 218-19 success of, 215-16, 237 Arndt, Ernst Moritz, 491-92 Artels, 603η.31 Art of Victory (Suvorov), 20-21 The Art of Victory (Longworth), 532-33Ո.1 assassination, 164-67, 168-69, 171-72, 184, 594η.100 Assembly of the Nobility, 349-50 Astrakhanskii Infantry Regiment, 19, 20-21, 23, 532Ո.87, 533Ո.3 Âtıfzade Ömer Vahid Efendi, 57in.47 Auersperg, Karl Joseph Franz von, 227 Auffenberg, Franz Xaver von, 199 Augustus III, 22 Austria. See also specific topics Alexander I and, 653Ո.3 Bagration and, 231, 623Ո.42 Bonaparte and, 193, 216-17, 282, 291, 600Ո.8, 619Ո.9 Britain and, 161-62, 269, 469 diplomacy in, 227-28, 512-13 to Elisabeth Alexeyevna, 633η. 123 France and, 64, 157-58, 185, 199, 21617, 218-19, 226-30, 235-36, 261, 579Ո.78, 639Ո.13 Germany and, 269, 469, 503 Joseph II of, 54-55, 64 Josias of, 65 Leopold of, 64 military of, 626Ո.28 Murat in, 227-28 Ottoman Empire and, 226 Poland and, 486
INDEX Prussia and, 97, 98, 109—10, 124-2 5, 129, 150, 498 reputation in, 494 Russia and, 26-27, 159-60, 186-99, 202-5, 209-10, 211, 216-18, 23743, 249-52, 260-61, 481, 602η.28 sacrifices by, 211 in Second Coalition War, 157-58, 16061, 185, 242-43 strategy of, 212 to Suvorov, 159-60 time in, 43-44 War of the Austrian Succession, 26-27 war to, 242-43, 259 d’Autichamp, Jean-François de Beaumont, 160-61 Aydoslu Mehmed Pasha, 67-68, 77-78 Babadag, 87-88, 561η.19, 566η.51 Baggovut, Karl Gustav von, 450-51, 692-93Ո.62 Bagration, Peter, xviii-xix, 60, 195--96 Austria and, 231, 623Ո.42 Barclay de Tolly and, 364, 376-77 in battle, 230, 250, 390-91 celebration of, 404 in cluster, 678Ո.95 correspondence with, 629Ո.65 Cossacks and, 229-30 death of, 439-40, 696η. 106 escape by, 234 frustration of, 370 injuries of, 401-2, 678Ո.96 Lannes and, 255 leadership of, 207, 246, 249-50, 298, 354-55 Miloradovich and, 235-36, 242-43, 613Ո.44 Murat and, 620η.27 observations of, 389-90 to Olry, 628Ո.56 Parkinson on, 619η. 17 Prozorovskii to, 291-92 psychology of, 378 reinforcements for, 214-15, 387-88, 391-92 relationship with, 378-79, 438 reports from, 389, 613Ո.38, 619-20Ո.18, 623Ո.44 reputation of, 230, 353, 356-57, 387-88 I 759 Rostopchin and, 690η. 31 sacrifice of, 232-33, 234 service of, 362-63, 373, 388-89, 622η.36 soldiers to, 381 strategy of, 210-11, 214, 400-1, 432-33 surrender to, 419-20 Tuchkov, N., and, 390 Yermolov and, 622η.35 Balashev, Alexander, 356-57, 470-71 Balkans, 109 Balmain, Antoine de, 48-49 Balyabin, Stepan, 432-33 Barclay de Tolly, Mikhail, xiv, 60, 317, 323, 334-35, 378
Alexander I and, 355-56, 358-59,470-71, 484-85, 669Ո.59, 671-72Ո.20 Bagration and, 364, 376-77 in battle, 347, 354-55, 400 Bennigsen and, 379, 388-89, 415-16, 427, 500, 677η.83 Bonaparte to, 398-99 celebration of, 404 in cluster, 678Ո.95 correspondence with, 654Ո.22, 655Ո.29, 686Ո.85 in diplomacy, 672Ո.23 Dokhturov and, 412-13, 414 leadership of, 346-47, 352, 354, 355-56, 387 Mikhailovskii-Danilevskii on, 439 on Moscow, 674η. 5 2 Napoleonic Wars and, 510, 522Ո.7 Niebuhr on, 664η.3 observations of, 366, 386-87, 394-95, 405, 692η.54 preparation by, 361, 367, 383-84 promotions of, 667Ո.33 psychology of, 365-66 Rayevskii on, 363-64 relationship with, 368, 387, 399-400, 413-14, 416-17, 438, 649-50Ո.79, 725Ո.15 reputation of, 352-53, 355, 357-58, 367-68, 397, 416, 420-21, 437-38, 439 5ϊ4 522-23n.11 resignation of, 440 Rostopchin and, 418 service of, 362-64, 371-72, 378 soldiers to, 405
7бо I INDEX Barclay de Tolly, Mikhail {cont.) strategy of, 432-33 surrender to, 413, 415 Yermolov and, 439-40 Barozzi, Ivan, in-12, 122-23, 319-20 Barrau, Pierre-Armand, 455 Baskakov, Nikolai, 523-24Ո.7 Bassewitz, Henning Friedrich von, 11-12 battle maps, 380/ Battle of Trafalgar, 244 Batyushkov, Konstancin, 416 Bauer, Wilhelm in battle, 537Ո.53 in Russo-Ottoman War, no-11 service under, 29, 30, 31-32, 35 Baur, Karl Fedorovich, 176 Beauharnais, Eugène de, 386-88, 397, 466-67, 474, 475 Beauretour, Alexandre Michaud de, 424-25, 435 Beauvollier, Pierre-Louis de, 454 Bedrinskaya, Anna (mother), 6-8 Bedrinskaya, Praskovya (maternal grandmother), 8 Bedrinskii, Illarion (maternal grandfather), 6-7 Bennigsen, Levin Alexander I and, 172 ambition of, 438, 440, 450-51, 453-54 in assassination, 164-65, 167 Barclay de Tolly and, 379, 388-89, 41516, 427, 500, 677Ո.83 Bonaparte and, 272-73 consultation with, 481 criticism from, 477-78, 710Ո.45 in diplomacy, 273-74 leadership of, 207-8, 356-57, 414-16, 429 Löwenstern and, 463 memoirs of, 418, 693Ո.68 Miloradovich and, 450, 700Ո.28 after Napoleonic Wars, 510 observations of, 378, 402 psychology of, 365 reconnaissance from, 463 relationship with, 60, 364-65, 430, 438, 439, 448, 452-53, 464-65, 671Ո.5, 672η.23 reputation of, 413-14, 451-52 Rostopchin and, 438 scholarship on, 60 in. 17 service of, 186-87, 370-71, 450 staff of, 448 strategy of, 449 support for, 411 Toll and, 371-72, 449, 477-78 Wilson and, 361—62 Berg, Gregor von attitude of, 191, 199-200, 605Ո.47, 605Ո.50 observations of, 212-13, 255 in service, 252, 255-56 Bernadotte, Jean
Baptiste, 358-59 Berthier, Louis-Alexandre, xviii-xix, 216-17, 428-29, 706Ո.4 Beshentsova, Praskovya (paternal grandmother), 6-7 Beskrovnyi, Liubomir, 518-19, 526Ո.21, 718Ո.3 Bessières, Jean Baptiste, 397-98, 429-30 Betskoi, Ivan, 133-34, 135 Bezborodko, Alexander, 97-98,131 Bezotosnyi, Viktor, 519 Bezsonov, Ivan, 369-70 Bibikova, Agrafena, 555η.59 Bibikova, Alexander, 555η.59 Bibikova, Catherine. See Kutuzov, Catherine (wife) Bibikova, Ilya, 46 Biot, Hubert, 447 birth records, 7, 526Ո.19, 526η.21, 527Ո.24 Black Sea, 659Ո.9, 663η.54 Black Sea Cossacks, 562-63Ո.29 Blücher, Gebhard Leberecht von, xviii-xix, 502 Bogdan, Gotthard Johann, 470-71 Bogdanov, Dementii, 372-73 Bogdanovich, Modest, 383-84, 515, 678Ո.92, 731Ո.23 Bogoslovskaya, Lyubov, 526η.22 Bolgovskii, Dmitri, 455, 458 Bolotov, Andrei, 8 Bonammy, Charles-August, 391-92 Bonaparte, Napoleon, xviii-xix Alexander I and, 183-84, 244-45, 247, 320, 335-36, 342, 434-36, 637Ո.49 ammunition and, 405-6 Austria and, 193, 216-17, 282, 291, 600Ո.8, 619Ո.9 to Barclay de Tolly, 398-99 in battle, 234, 256-57 Bennigsen and, 272-73
INDEX I 761 to Britain, 184-85 Caulaincourt and, 483—84, 706Ո.4 chasing, 469-72, 497-504 Chernyshev and, 652Ո.104 Chichagov and, 480-81, 485, 494-96, 719-20Ո.19 communication with, 236, 420 confrontation with, 368-69 containment of, 411-12 to Council of War, 247-48, 250 defeat of, 509, 514 destruction by, 497-98 diplomacy with, 150-53, 184-85, 228, 230-33, 245, 246-49, 258, 283, 335, 359.443-45 escape of, 487-88, 494-95, 515 to Europe, 269, 305-6, 493, 497 failure of, 192-216, 475-79, 498 fame of, 494, 506 flying detachments for, 473-74 to France, 407 Francis and, 228 Frederick William HI and, 497 Germany and, 183 in history, 487, 521-22Ո.6, 522-23n.11 ideology of, 407 intelligence on, 201, 203, 251, 354-59, 366, 455, 488, 628Ո.49, 711П.13 jagers to, 375, 387 leadership of, 215, 373, 385, 393, 400-1, 459-02 Mack von Leiberich and, 204-5, 609Ո.96 Mortier and, 224-25 Moscow to, 402—3, 421-23, 434-36, 454, 689-90Ո.18 Murat and, 228, 233, 428-30, 447, 614Ո.47, 620Ո.20 observations of, 396-97 Ottoman Empire and, 274—76 in Poland, 501 policy with, 402-3, 408-9, 415-16, 429, 436-45, 446-47, 462-65, 499-500, 719-20Ո.19 in politics, 489 prisoners of war from, 163-64, 218-19 propaganda by, 262, 400 Prussia and, 194-95 psychology of, 238, 340-41, 351, 368, 384-85, 393-94, 400-3, 489-90, 627Ո.38 reconnaissance by, 374-76, 473 reinforcements for, 248-49, 399 religion and, 689η. 14 reputation with, 231, 263, 366-67, 368, 372, 374-75, 426-31, 454, 697n.n1, 706η. I IO in retreat, 488-90 rise of, 128-29 Rostopchin on, 404 Russia and, 162-63, 183-89, 210-13, 235-36, 336-37, 345-47, З51-5З,
363-64, 377, 383-85, 397-98, 404, 406-7, 416-17 to Selim III, 275-76 setbacks for, 466-68, 472-75, 483-87 soldiers of, 394, 401-2 to Soviet Russia, 517-19 to Stalin, xx strategy of, 187-88, 189, 194-95, 196֊ 97, 199, 215-18, 226-28, 244-45, 246-48, 255-59, 324, 334-35, 35455, 360, 375-76, 387, 395-40°, 455, 699η. x i success of, 203, 204-5, 206-9, 24I_43 257-58, 259-62, 280-81,401 supplies for, 427-28, 433-34 Turks to, 318, 331 to United States, 701η.34 victory over, 237-43 war against, 364-65, 366-70, 372-74, 392-95 weather to, 383, 471 in Western culture, xix to Wittgenstein, 485-86 Borozdin, Mikhail, 460 Boswell, James, xxi Bouquet, Henry, 53-54 Bradke, Georg von, 304 Bradley, Omar, 517 Bragin, Mikhail, 525-26Ո.17 Britain Austria and, 161—62, 269, 469 in Battle of Trafalgar, 244 Bonaparte to, 184-85 Bucharest to, 300-1 Catherine II to, 84 diplomacy with, 148, 668Ո.50 Dutch Republic and, 124-25 Europe and, 262 France and, 109-10, 162, 447-48 history in, xviii military of, 53-54, 545n.11
762 I INDEX Britain (cont.) in Napoleonic Wars, 464-65, 558Ո.92 news in, 564η.45 Norway and, 164 Paul I to, 184 Platov in, 303-4 policy in, 592Ո.77 Prussia and, 17-18, 84 reputation in, 268-69, 490-91, 507, 602η.24 Russia and, 59, 77-78, 88, 162-63, 36162, 561Ո.23, 593Ո.88 Spain and, 84 Sweden and, 163-64, 244, 337-38 war with, 337 Broers, Michael, 521-22Ո.6 Bronevskii, Semen, 236 Broussier, Jean-Baptiste, 457 Bruce, Yakov, 5 36η. 36 Bruyère, Jean de La, 142 Bucholtz, Ο., 678η.95 Bugeaud, Robert, 224 Bug Jäger Corps in battle, 50-52, 53-55, 56-61, 62-63, 65 with Cossacks, 88 divisions in, 75-76, 83 at Izmail, 74 leadership of, 549η.6, 554-55Ո.55, 559Ո.2, 562-63Ո.29, 563η.37 to Potemkin, G., 66 Bulatov, Mikhail, 322, 654Ո.22 Bulgakov, Alexander, 418-19, 437-38, 665Ո.10 Bunina, A., 721-22Ո.40 bureaucracy military, 137 to Paul I, 147 in politics, 573Ո.75 Butenev, Apolinarii, 390-91 Butovskii, Ivan, 195-96 Buturlin, Dmitri, 514-15 Buxhöwden, Friedrich Wilhelm, 186-87, 228-29, 235, 236, 250-51, 253-54, 257 Bykov, Ivan, 137 Byron, George Gordon, 70, 79 Cadet Corps age in, 582η. 15 appointment to, 133-36 family in, 530Ո.63, 535Ո.31 leadership of, 589Ո.26 to Paul I, 149 reform of, 138-45, 583-84Ո.32, 584Ո.38 reputation with, 136-38 Toll in, 365-66 wealth of, 137-38, 584η.34 Caillard, Antoine Bernard, 150-51 Callières, François de, 119-20 Canada, 17-18 Cardinal Laws, 97 Castelnau, Gabriel de, 550η.10, 557-58Ո.89 casualties, 79-80 Cathcart, George, 668-69Ո.53 Catherine (grand duchess), 356, 406-7, 435-36, 493-94, 498-99 Catherine II (Catherine the Great) authority of, 532Ո.87 to
Britain, 84 correspondence with, 127-30 in coup, 19 death of, 146-49, 337-38 in diplomacy, 97-98, no, 118-19, 126-27 education to, 135-36 France to, 121 imperialism to, 66, 79-80 leadership of, 45, 47-48, 55-56, 99, 100, 122, 13í, 577Ո.44 legacy of, 165, 173, 270-71 Ottoman Empire and, 27 Poland and, 22-23, 24, 142-43, *77 Potemkin, G., and, 45-46, 54-55, 57, 60-61, 68-69, 547-480.38, 563η.33 Pushkin on, 143 recognition from, 5-6 reconnaissance for, 568Ո.10 reform after, 146-49 relationship with, 532Ո.83, 559Ո.98, 569Ո.25, 574Ո.3, 580η.80 reputation with, 43, 55, 81, 92-93, 98100, 109-10, 141 Rostopchin to, 141-42 Sinel’nikov on, 533Ո.6 support for, 107, 108 Sweden to, 97 Voltaire and, 509 war to, 36-37
INDEX I 763 Caulaincourt, Armand-Auguste de, 395-96, 446-47, 461-62, 483-84, 7ο6η·4, 7ο6η·5 Caulaincourt, Auguste-Jean de, 395-97 cavalry, 31, 33-34, 87, 699Ո.8 censorship, 148-49 Central Asia, 516-17 Chambray, Georges de, 385, 405-6, 673Ո.35 Chandler, David, 602η.28 Charles (archduke) communication with, 229 Francis and, 210 leadership of, 158, 185, 187-88, 189, 236 relationship with, 2 r i strategy of, 207-8, 237 Vienna to, 210-11 Charles Frederick (of Baden), 599η. 3 Charles Louis (of Baden), 599η. 3 Chernyshev, Gregory, 69, 551Ո.15, 65 2Ո.104, 660Ո.18, 664η.3 Chertkov, V., 543Ո.41 Chichagov, Paul Alexander I and, 337-38, 494, 661П.32 Bonaparte and, 480-81, 485, 494-96, 719-20Ո.19 criticism of, 487-88, 491 in diplomacy, 662Ո.39, 663Ո.49 to Langeron, 484 leadership of, 480, 486, 718η.7 to Maistre, J., 661Ո.30 Oertel and, 481-82, 718Ո.8 relationship with, 339-41, 342, 482, 689-90Ո.18 reputation of, 338-39, 482-83, 484, 486, 661Ո.34, 719Ո.13 service of, 369, 469, 486-87, 724η.2 in Ukraine, 427 Wittgenstein and, 47 3, 481, 484-85, 498 Chicherin, Alexander, 423, 448, 478, SB-H Chikhacheva, Natalya, 524η. 11 childhood education in, 12-15 family in, 7-11, 529η.54 military in, 14-17 Choiseul, Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de, 103, 107-8, 722Ո.53, 722-23Ո.56 Christoph von Münnich, Burkhard, 14-15, 19 Chuikevich, Peter, бббп.30 Clausewitz, Carl von in history, 518 after Napoleonic Wars, 510 observations of, 362-63, 383-84, 39495, 399-400,405, 479, 687Ո.90 soldiers to, 393, 398, 473 strategy of, 370, 371-72, 401, 676Ո.73 Wittgenstein and, 485 Cobenzl, Johann Ludwig Joseph Graf von,
148, 187-88, 198, 204-5 Colbert, Édouard, 615Ո.63 colonialism, 17-18 combat training, 53 The Commander (Josselson, Μ., and Josselson, D.), 522Ո.7 communism, 516—19 Compans, Jean Dominique, 387—88, 460 compensation, 78-79 Constantine (grand duke), 154, 170-71, 237, 251, 296, 355-56, 5θ4η·34 Constantine Pavlovich (grand duke), 176 Convention of Tauroggen, 497, 501-2 Corvinus, Matthias, 226 Cossacks assistance from, 54-55, 62-63, 65-66, 77,85-86, 313,432-33 Bagration and, 229-30 in battle, 379 Black Sea, 562-63Ո.29 Bug Jäger Corps with, 88 Davout and, 466-67 Efremov with, 699Ո.8 in Finland, 585Ո.46 flying detachments and, 447, 474-7 5, 484 France and, 244-45, 442, 460-61 jägers and, 74-75,77֊78, 98, 3*5 leadership of, 559Ո.2, 679Ո.102 loyalty of, 452-53 Mongols and, 550Ո.8 in Moscow, 418, 426-27 with Murat, 428 in Ottoman Empire, 562Ո.25 on patrol, 713η. 36 Platov with, 393-94, 405-6, 466-67, 498 reputation of, 70, 373, 431, 443
764 I INDEX Cossacks (cont.) scouting by, 363 with serfs, 45 service of, 458, 560Ո.9 strategy with, 714Ո.3 Turks and, 102-3 from Ukraine, 26 volunteers and, 74 Council Code, 9-10 Council of War appointment to, 268-69 authority of, 27, 31-32 Bonaparte to, 247-48, 250 Dokhturov in, 458 in literature, xix military and, 69, 207-8 Moscow to, 414-18 Platov in, 290-91 pursuit to, 470-71 to Suvorov, 70 Crimea, 524Ո.9 Russia and, no-11, 125-26 service in, 40-42 Tatars from, 70, 77-78 Ukraine and, 54-55, 270 Crimean Tatars, 30-31, 32-34, 40-41, 47-48 Crimean War, 541Ո.19 Crossard, Jean Baptiste de, 411, 413-14 Cross of St. George, 404 culture. See also Western culture in Germany, 269 heroes in, xx-xxi, 362 of Istanbul, 115-19 literature and, 225, 638η.55 in nobility, 12, 295-96 of Ottoman Empire, 557Ո.81 patronage, 173-74 of Russia, 133-34, 368, 409-10 of Turks, 106, 123 currency, in Russia, xiii-xiv Czaplic, Yefim, 486 czars. See also specific czars to aristocracy, 13 authority of, 164-65, 169, 267-69, 376-77 diplomacy of, 333-34 to high society, 169 history of, 5 military and, 348-51, 364 mistresses of, 470-71 politics of, 333, 494 psychology of, 403, 659η.11 religion and, 567η.6 in Russia, xiv sultans and, 336-37 wealth of, 635η. 12 in Western culture, 171-72 Czartoryski, Adam, 148-49, 164-65, 168 Alexander I to, 242 France to, 630Ո.82 observations of, 250-51, 257-58, 58788Ո.4, 630Ո.86 Razumovskii, A., and, 621Ո.30 relationship with, 604Ո.42, 609η.93 reputation of, 193-94 Dahl, Vladimir, 523-24Ո.7 Damas, Roger de, 60, 66-67, ՅՏշօ-Յ1 Damat Melek Mehmed Pasha, 113, 116-17 Davout,
Louis-Nicolas in battle, 212, 215-16, 254, 373, 38788, 390 Beauharnais and, 475 to Bogdanovich, 678η.92 Cossacks and, 466—67 Ney and, 405-6, 475-76 psychology of, 494 service of, 248, 255, 258, 374-75 strategy of, 375-76 Davydov, Denis, 354-55, 432-33, 476, 696Ո.106, 712η.20 Davydov, Ivan, 137 death of Bagration, 439-40, 696η. 106 of Catherine II, 146-49, 337-38 fame after, 509-11 family and, 505-6, 511-14 in history, 516-19 in literature, 515-16 of Peter the Great, 5 2 5η. 12 of Potemkin, G., 566Ո.51 public opinion of, 513-15 of Selim III, 276, 281-82 in service, 503-8 debt, 644-450.8 Decembrist Revolt, 509-10 Dedenev, Mikhail, 531Ո.77 Delzons, Alexis Joseph, 386-87, 459, 460 Denmark, 183
INDEX I 765 Derzhavin, Gavrila (Gregory), 79-80, 353, 495.513-14 Descorches, Marie Louis Henri, 125-26, 130 desertion, 33-34, 51-52, 67-68, 154, 562Ո.25, 695Ո.87 Diebitsch, Ivan, xiv diplomacy Adams, J. Q., in, 644-45Ո.8 with Ahmed Pasha, 313-14, 329, 331 of Alexander I, 189-90 in Austria, 227-28, 512-13 Barclay de Tolly in, 672Ո.23 Bennigsen in, 273-74 with Bonaparte, 150-53, 184-85, 228, 230-33. 245, 246-49. 25θ. 283, 335, 359, 443-45 with Britain, 148, 668Ո.50 Catherine II in, 97-98, no, 118-19, 126-27 Chichagov in, 662η. 39, 663Ո.49 of czars, 333-34 education in, 131 espionage in, 579η.78 in Europe, 98-99 with Finland, 587Ո.71 with France, 119-20, 126, 269, 335, 436-45, 620Ո.24 intelligence and, 62 in.32 in Istanbul, 113-15, 119-21, 125-30 with Italy, 709Ո.35 language in, 571Ո.49 with Lauriston, 441-43, 703Ո.65 with Lithuania, 524Ո.9 with Mahmud II, 283 military, 198-99, 570Ո.37 with Murat, 231-32 in Napoleonic Wars, 274-75 with Ottoman Empire, 100-12, 121-30, 175,334 of Paul I, 156-57, 160-Ճ4 religion and, 104, 340-41 reputation in, 119-20, 127-31, 169-71 with Russia, 100-12 in Russo-Ottoman War, 327-31 of Suvorov, 188-89 switch in, 130-31 tact in, 118, 120 treaties and, 345-46 Treaty of Jassy and, 658Ո.69 with Turkey, 333, 337-39 with Turks, 332-34, 660Ո.18 in Vienna, 62 in.30 of Vorontsov, S., 158-59 in war, 247 in Western culture, 119 Wintzingerode in, 600η. 15 diseases, 635-36Ո.17 Divov, Nikolai, 392 Djeżzar Pasha, 275 Dokhturov, Dmitri, 250-51, 356-57 Barclay de Tolly and, 412-13, 414 in battle, 199-200, 211-12, 220-21, 222-24 in Council of War, 458 leadership of,
222, 376-77, 459-60 Miloradovich and, 678Ո.96 after Napoleonic Wars, 510 observations of, 416, 440-41 psychology of, 419-20 reputation of, 693Ո.68 service of, 2II-I2, 220-21, 253-54, 257-58, 457-58, 612Ո.28 soldiers to, 238-39 Yermolov and, 458 Dolgorukov, Peter, 13, 239, 247-48, 260, 620Ո.24, 622Ո.38 Dolgorukov, Vasilii, 40, 41 Dolgorukov, Yuri, 57, 126-27 Domergue, Armand, 481-82 Don Juan (Byron), 70, 79 Dorokhov, Ivan, 432-33, 457, 702Ո.45 Dostoyevsky, Fedor, 638η.55 Dreyling, Johann von, 385-86 Dryden, John, 8-9 Dumas, Mathieu, 446, 664η.3 Dumonceau, François, 221 Dumont, Étienne, 178 Dupont, Pierre, 199, 221, 222-23 Durnovo, Nikolai, 448, 470 Duroc, Michel, 706Ո.4 Dushenkevich, Dmitri, 390-Г91 Dutch Republic, 43-44, 124-26 Dwyer, Philip, 521-22Ո.6 Ebié, Jean Baptiste, 486-87 education, 579Ո.70 accountability in, 136-38 in Cadet Corps, 133-36 to Catherine II, 135-36
J 66 I INDEX education (cont.) in childhood, 12-15 curriculum, 138 in diplomacy, 131 atJAENS, 14-19 language, 12-13, I34, 541-42Ա-27 reform in, 133-34, ΐ3θ-45 reputation in, 144-45 of soldiers, 139 success in, 531η.76 Efremov, I., 699Ո.8 Egypt, 275 Elisabeth (empress), 14-15, 17-18 Elisabeth Alexeyevna, 260-61, 508, 599η.3, 633Ո.123 Elisavetgrad, 102-4 elitism, 177-78 Elstone, Felix, 512 Engelhardt, Lev, 8-9, 91-92, 564-66Ո.47 Enlightenment in Europe, 23 Military, 51, 80-81, 133-34, 135-36, 171, 581-82Ո.5 philosophy of, 134 in Russia, 134-35 espionage. See also intelligence Chernyshev in, 664η. 3 in diplomacy, 579Ո.78 by Turks, 123-24 Essen, Alexander, II, 221, 237, 602-3Ո.29 Essen, Ivan von, I, 273 Essen, Peter von, III, 278-79, 284-85, 305, 320-21, 642Ո.44 Essen, Reinholt Wilhelm von, 37-38 Euler, Alexander, 476-77, 713Ո.36 Europe aristocracy in, 43-44 Bonaparte to, 269, 305-6,493, 497 Britain and, 262 diplomacy in, 98-99 Enlightenment in, 23 fame in, 514-15, 548Ո.40 France and, 150-53, 157-60, 183-89, 245, 464-65, 497-9θ, 509 French Revolutionary Wars in, 150-51 hegemony of, 121 history of, 26—27 Izmail to, 55in. 14 military in, 647Ո.43 modernity of, 148-49 Moscow and, 422 Napoleonic Wars and, xviii-xix, 345, 512 nobility in, 15 Ottoman Empire and, 116, 119 to Paul I, 161-62 Poland and, 125-27 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and, 109-10 politics in, 274-75 propaganda from, 126-27 reputation in, 505 Russia and, 11-12, 17-19, 189-90,435, 465 travel in, 43-44, 53-54 war in, 124-25, 127-29, 157-60 in World War Π, 517 evacuations, 652η.109 executions, 701Ո.41 exile of
Khitrovo, N. Z., 369-70, 501 in Kyiv, 269-74, 276-77 of Suvorov, 149, 156, 157-58 in Ukraine, 177-80 Fain, Agathon-Jean-François, 421 fame of Bonaparte, 494, 506 after death, 509-11 in Europe, 514-15, 548Ո.40 with Pushkin, 512-14 in Russia, xvii-xxi, 516-19 family of Alexander I, 595Ո.104, 599Ո.3 to Alexander II, 511 burials of, 728Ո.52 in Cadet Corps, 530Ո.63, 535Ո.31 in childhood, 7-11, 529η.54 concerns with, 154-55, 271-72 correspondence with, 332, 489, 501-2, 503-4, 640Ո.23 death and, 505-6, 511-14 Golenischev-Kutuzov, 3-7, 11, 13-14, 15-16 grandchildren, 154, 177-78 longing for, 640Ո.23 in Ottoman Empire, 120 Parkinson on, 541Ո.22 relationships with, 538Ո.64 of Rostopchin, 689η. 14 serfs with, 528Ո.43
INDEX I 767 time with, 64, 102-4, 139-40, 360 tragedy in, 73-74, 554 travel with, 104-5 war and, 369-70 Ferdinand (archduke), 207-8 leadership of, 201-2, 236, 237 reputation of, 187-88, 189, 203-4 Ferdinand Karl Joseph (archduke), 187-88 Fersen, Ivan von Hermann von, 157-58, 584Ո.34 Ficquelmont, Countess Darya, 271-72, 512-13 Ficquelmont, Karl Ludwig, 512-13 Figner, Alexander, 378, 432-33 Finland diplomacy with, 587η.71 in mediation, 274-75 Russia and, 139, 155-56, 585Ո.46 service in, 139, 154-55, T57~58 Sweden and, 139-40 firewood, 649η.70 Fleischman, John, 542Ո.30 Florinskii, Pavel, 17 flotillas of Ottoman Empire, 91 Ribas with, 66-67, 68-69, 71-72, 76, 86, 88 fluency, in language, xvii-xviii, 100-1, 120 flying detachments for Bonaparte, 473-74 Cossacks and, 447, 474-75, 484 harassment by, 714η.5 innovation with, 432-34 in Moscow, 456-57 prisoners of war from, 560η. 10 Fock, Alexander, 365 food in Ottoman Empire, 559-60Ո.6 regulations, 657Ո.64 shortages, 625η.10 for soldiers, 209-10, 381, 626Ո.32 Förster, Е., 678Ո.95 The Fox of the North (Parkinson), xviii France. See also specific topics to Alexander I, 347, 469 Austria and, 64, 157-58, 185, 199, 216-17, 218-19, 226-30, 235-36, 261, 579Ո.78, 639Ո.13 Bonaparte to, 407 Britain and, 109-10, 162, 447-48 to Catherine II, 121 Chernyshev with, 660Ո.18 in colonialism, 17-18 Cossacks and, 244-45, 442, 460-61 to Czartoryski, 6300.82 diplomacy with, 119-20, 126, 269, 335, 436-45, 620Ո.24 Dutch Republic and, 125-26 Europe and, 150—53, 157-60, 183-89, 245,464-65,497-98, 509 French Revolution, 97, 124-25, 187-88 Germany and, 66—67,
I84, 434 in history, 387 Imperial Guard of, 224, 373, 375-76, 385, 394- 397-98, 473-75, 476 Italy and, 161-62 Louis XVI of, 98-99, 124-25 Mikhailovskii-Danilevskii on, 607Ո.81 military of, 259-60, 403, 619-20Ո.18, 664η. 3 in Moscow, 421-23 nobility in, 103 Ottoman Empire and, 107-8, 125-26, 128, 337 to peasants, 469-70 Poland and, 276, 454, 500-1 prisoners of war from, 366-67, 454 propaganda in, 472, бібп.70, 623Ո.44 Prussia and, 236, 262, 272 reconnaissance from, 486 reputation of, 130, 386-87, 578η.65 in retreat, 466-68 Russia and, xvii, no-11, 129-30, 18890, 199-202, 214-15, 233-34, 24445, 258-61, 272, 282, 351, 372-74, 389-91, 415-16, 426-31, 435-36, 447-54- 459-62, 483-84- 485 in Russo-Ottoman War, 127-28 scouting by, 372 to Selim III, 126-27 Spain and, 345, 447-48 strategy with, 249-52 Turks and, 334-37 United States and, 126 Vienna to, 229-30 war and, 214, 489 to Wilson, 469 Francis (kaiser and emperor) Alexander I and, 217-18, 238, 240 Archduke Charles and, 210
768 I INDEX Francis (kaiser and emperor) (cont.) authority of, 185, 189, 192, 204-5, 235 Bonaparte and, 228 leadership of, 197-98, 203-4, 208, 212 relationship with, 209-10, 238-39, 619Ո.12, 623Ո.49 Vienna to, 227 Weyrother to, 251 Frederick Augustus, X58 Frederick the Great, 20-21, 43-44, 53-54 Frederick William II (king), 17-18, 150, 151, 579Ո.78 Frederick William III (king), 150-53, 184, 186 Alexander I and, 502 assistance from, 501-2 Bonaparte and, 497 mistresses of, 512 relationship with, 502-3, 505 reputation of, 272 Frederick William IV (king), 512 French Revolutionary Wars, 150-51 Friant, Louis, 392-93 Fuks, Egor, 491 funeral, 505-8, 728η.50, 728η.56 furlough, military, 534Ո.12 Fusil, Louise, 407-8 Gaddis, John Lewis, 465 Gage, Phineas, 542Ո.30 Garnich, Nikolai, 394-95, 518-19, 676-77Ո.77 Gavriil, Alexander, 4-5, 524Ո.8 Gazan, Maxime, 219-21, 222, 223 General Armory of the Nobility of the Russian Empire, 3-4 Georgia, 663Ո.54 Gerard, Maurice Etienne, 460 Germany Austria and, 269, 469, 503 Bonaparte and, 183 (See also Prussia) culture in, 269 France and, 66-67, 184, 434 Frederick William III and, 184 Italy and, 244, 261 military in, 503 politics in, бббп.30 Russia and, 100-1, 251-52, 351-53, 5°3~4 Ghalib Efendi, 659η. 10 Giray, Devlet, 47-48 Giray, Kaplan (prince), 77-78 Giray, Qaplan II, 28, 30-31, 32-33 Giray, Qaplan III, 40 Giray, Şahin, 47-48, 543-44Ո.46 Girey, Aslan (sultan), 67-68 Glinka, Fedor, 191, 355, 381-82 Glinka, Sergei, 43, 76-77, 134-35, 136, 140-41, 144, 697Ո.123 Gogol, Nikolai, 4-5 “golden bridge strategy,” 464-65, 467-68, 479 Golenischev-Kutuzov,
Anna (daughter), 47, i?4 177-78, 292-9З, 369-7°, 513 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Anna (sister), 7, 526η.22 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Catherine (daughter), 47, 154, 296, 511 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Catherine (wife) (née Bibikova) Alexander I and, 510-11 with children, 47, 61-62, 64, 268-69, 554Ո-49 correspondence with, 157-59, 160-61, 165,262, 267, 269-70, 271-72, 292, 296-97, 305-6, 313-14, З22, ЗЗ2, 403, 433,452-53,471-72,473,477-78, 490,492-93, 502-3, 591Ո.64,702Ո.46 Langeron and, 662η. 37 marriage to, 46-47, 73-74, 80-81, 82, 154, 27°, 272-74, 50°, 504, 543П-4І observations with, 104-5, ։ц-і5 13031, 178-80 reputation of, 304, 404, 729Ո.6 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Darya (daughter), 47, 61-62, 154, 268-69, 501, 511-12 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Darya (sister), 7-8, 527Ո.27, 726Ո.32 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Elisabeth (daughter) birth of, 47 concerns for, 259 correspondence with, 298, 299, 605Ո.45, 646η.25, 673Ո.32 in high society, 154 marriage of, 177-78 relationship with, 303 struggles of, 268, 271-72, 512 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Illarion, 525η. 12 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Illarion (father), 5-6, 7, 12-13, ΐ5-ϊ6
INDEX I 769 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Ivan (paternal uncle), 14, 22, 46, 506, 529-30Ո.60 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Ivan Ivanovich, 5 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Login Ivanovich, 360, 530Ո.62 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Maria, 524Ո.9 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Matvei, 524η. 11 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Matvei Ivanovich, 5 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Nicholas (son), 47, 64, 73-74, 554 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Praskovya (daughter), 47,61-62, 154, 369-70, 511 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Semen (brother), 7-8, 179, 530Ո.63, 535Ո.31 Golenischev-Kutuzov family, 3—7, 11,13-14, 15-16 Golitsyn, Alexander, 27, 394-95, 411—12, 692-93Ո.62 Golitsyn, Dmitri, 376-77, 474-75 Golitsyn, Nikolai, 419-20 Golitsyn, Sergei (prince), 85-87, 88, 90, 639η. 13 Gorbachev, Mikhail, xx-xxi Gorbatyi, Grigorii, 524Ո.8 Gorchakov, Alexei, 358, 364, 373-74 Gorchakov, Andrey, 372-73 Gorkii, Maxim, 733Ո.52 Gouvion Saint-Cyr, Laurent de, 469, 480-81 Grabbe, Pavel, 401-2 Grand Armée. See Bonaparte; France Grand Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa, 234 Great Northern War, 5 Great Patriotic War, xx. See also World War II Gregorian New Style calendar, xiii, 3, 602Ո.28 Gretsch, Nikolai, 305-6 Griboedov, Alexander, 364 Gudovich, Ivan, 66-67, 160-61, 668Ո.50 Guliano, Luxandra, 302-5 Gulyaev, Yu., 519, 556Ո.66 Gurju Ibrahim Deli Pasha, 85-86 Gustav IV Adolf (king), 139-40, 163-64, 585-86Ո.47 Guthrie, George James, 42 Gyulai, Ignac, 217, 228 Hannibal, 447-48, 491, 583Ո.23, 708Ո.21 Hannibal, Abraham, 14-15, 17, 20 Harpe, Frédéric-César de La, 168 Harper, Robert Goodloe, 701η. 34 Hartach, Auguste von, 512 Harting, Ivan, 285-87, 288, 290-91 Hasan Pasha, Cezayirli
Gazi, 58-59 Haugwitz, Christian August Heinrich Kurt Graf von, 150—51 hay, 649η.70 head injuries, 41-44, 60-61, 541Ո.19, 541П.21, 542 health, 500-1, 503-5, 547Ո.34, 575Ո.13, 598Ո.46, 635-36Ո.17, 727Ո.46 Heinrich, Hans, 22, 24 Hénin, Étienne-Félix, 130 Herald’s College, 14 Herbert Rathkeal, Peter Phillip von, 116 heroes in culture, xx-xxi, 362 in history, 394, 462 in literature, 233-34, 384 military, 136, 332-34 mythology of, 76-77 psychology of, 411 in public opinion, 505-6 from Russo-Ottoman war, 348 Sinel’nikov on, 532Ո.83 of Soviet Union, xviii, 516-19, 540Ո.16, 693-94Ո.69 to Wilson, 475 Herzen, Alexander, 416 Hesse Homburg, Ludwig Wilhelm of, 133 Hesse-Philippsthal, Ernst Constantine, 393-94 Hewitt, Henry, 517 high society, 141-45,152-53, լ54 լ^9 history Alexander I in, 504-5, 515 Bonaparte in, 487, 521-22Ո.6, 522-23Ո.11 Clausewitz in, 518 of czars, 5 death in, 516-19 documents, xxi of Europe, 26-27 France in, 387 in Great Britain, xviii Hannibal in, 708η.21 heroes in, 394, 462 of injuries, 548η. 39 of Istanbul, 113
770 I INDEX history (cont.) of jägers, 545η. 14 Lauriston in, 705η. 102 literature and, 202-3, 213, 228-29, 257, 629Ո.77 Mack von Leiberich in, боіп.21 military, xvii-xxi, 138, 521-22Ո.6, 52526η.17, 532Ո.87 Moscow in, 491, 534η.21 of Napoleonic Wars, xviii-xix, 400-1, 514-15 of Ottoman Empire, 25-27, 84-85 of Patriotic War of 1812, 517-19 of Peter the Great, 11-12 propaganda in, 686-87Ո.87, 687η. 100 psychology of, 381 of Russia, 44-46 scholarship and, 594Ո.99, 676-77Ո.77, 73ՅՈ.52 in Soviet Union, 540Ո.16 Suvorov in, 516—17, 532-33Ո.1 Tarutino maneuver in, 426-28, 514-15 of Turks, 226, 557Ո.88, 564Ո.46 of Ukraine, 540Ո.17 of Ulm-Olmiitz March-Maeuver, 236 of World War I, 727Ո.47 Hitler, Adolf, 522-23n.11 Holstein-Gottorp, Karl Friedrich of (Duke), 62 Horvat, Dmitri, 511 hospitals, military, 279 Howe, George, 53-54 Hufeland, Christoph Wilhelm Friedrich, 504 Hungary, 632η. 112 Ibrahim Hilmi Pasha, 276 Ibrahim Osman Pasha, 550Ո.8 ideology of Bonaparte, 407 of war, 425-26 Ignatiev, Peter, 662Ո.44 Imperial Council (Ottoman Empire), 115, 118, 126, 128, 129-30 Imperial Guard of France, 224, 373, 375֊7б, 385, 394, 397-98, 473-75,476 of Russia, 19, 237, 249-50, 251, 256- 57, 27Յ-74 imperialism to Catherine II, 66, 79-80 propaganda in, 120-21 injuries of Bagration, 401-2, 678Ո.96 head, 41—44, 60—61, 541Ո.19, 541Ո.21, 542 history of, 548Ո.39 psychology of, 401—2 reports of, 656Ո.43 of Tuchkov, 401-2 in war, 548Ո.41 intelligence, 65-66 on Bonaparte, 201, 203, 251, 354-59, 366, 455, 488, 628Ո.49, 711Ո.13 bribery for, бббп.28 from confidantes, 310 diplomacy and, 62ІП.32 from espionage,
123-24, 579Ո.78, 664η.3 failures, 713η. 35 in Istanbul, 123-24 military, 65-66, 206 from Murat, 217 Ottoman Empire and, 85-87, 103, 650Ո.80 from peasants, 560η. 10 from Platov, 463 from prisoners of war, 216-17, 219-20, 551Ո.15, 650Ո.88 reports, 653Ո.10 in Russia, 268 from Russo-Ottoman War, 103-4 for Sardinia, 621Ո.28 strategy from, 87 Turks and, 107-8, 281-84 in war, 210-11, 219-25, 426-31 intoxication, 682-83Ո.19, 695η.93 investments, 579Ո.71 Ismail Bey, 307-8, 311, 312, 320-21, 328 Ismail I, 560Ո.12 Istanbul culture of, 115-19 diplomacy in, 113-15, 119-21, 125-30 government in, 40-41, 45, 56, 105, 106-7, in history of, 113 intelligence in, 123-24 Parkinson on, 581Ո.96 religion in, 114 Russia and, 82, 99, 101, 103, 108, 109 Italinskii, Andrei, 309
INDEX Italy, 43-44 diplomacy with, 709η.35 France and, 161-62 Germany and, 244, 261 Russia and, 157-58 Spain and, 150 Switzerland and, 185, 668Ո.50 Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) (czar), 5, 9-10, 26, 524Ո.9 Ivazpashazade Halil Pasha, 32—34 Ivchenko, Lidia, 519, 527Ո.25, 556Ո.66, 564-66Ո.47, 587Ո.71, 725η. 16, 733η·52 Izmail, 65—66 assault of, 74-81, 75/, 550Ո.8, 553Ո.43 to Europe, 55in. 14 to Ottoman Empire, 82, 83-85, 5 50Ո.10 to Repnin, 560Ո.13 Richelieu on, 557-58Ո.89 strategy for, 66-74, 86-87, 566-67Ո.52 wealth of, 557Ո.81 Izmailov, A., 513-14 Jacobi, Ivan, 40 Jacobins, 128-29, 130» 148-49, 337-38, 407 JAENS. See Joint Artillery and Engineer Noble School jägers. See also Bug Jäger Corps to Bonaparte, 375, 387 Cossacks and, 74-75, 77-78, 98, 315 discipline with, 701Ո.41 expertise with, 50-54 history of, 545η.14 leadership of, 682-83Ո.19 Petrov with, 398 soldiers and, 684-85Ո.47 strategy with, 379 Taurida Jäger Corps, 51-52, 83 training camps for, 545Ո.9 James, E. Renouard, 66-67 Joint Artillery and Engineer Noble School (JAENS), 14-19, 531Ո.78 Jones, John Paul, 59, 60 Joseph II, 54-55, 64 Josias, Frederick, 65 Josselson, Diana, 376-77, 522η.7 Josselson, Michael, 376-77, 522Ո.7 Journal ofMilitary Operations, 85-86, 326-27, 37°, 447 I 77I Junot, Andoche, 390, 393 Justice Committee, 23-24 Kaisarov, Paisii, 420, 692-93Ո.62, 693Ո.68 Kakhovskii, Mikhail, 133-34 Kamenskii, Mikhail, 133-34, 176-77, 262-63 to Maistre, J., 669Ո.56 reputation of, 269-70, 276, 358-59, 365 resignation of, 272 Kamenskii, Nikolai, 298, 299-300, 305-7 Kamenskii, Sergei, 256, 284-85, 289, 642Ո.44 Kankrin,
Egor, 478 Kaptsevich, Peter, 687Ո.94, 697η. 12 3 Kapudan Pasha Küçük Hüseyin Pasha, 128 Karamzin, Nikolai, 423 Kartmazov, Ivan, 17 Kharkevich, Vladimir, 516 Khitrovo, Nikolai Fedorovich, 512 Khitrovo, Nikolai Zakharovich, 513 exile of, 369-70, 501 relationship with, 177-78, 292-93, 294, 333 reputation of, 286-87, 288-89, 332 Khrapovitskii, Alexander, 141-42 Kikin, P, 678Ո.95 Kirov, Sergei, 727Ո.47 Kleinmichel, A., 368-69, 408-9 Kleist, Franz Kasimir von, 150 Klingspor, Wilhelm Mauritz, 156-57 Klinkhardt, Friedrich, 471 Knobelsdorff, Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst von, 579Ո.78 Knyazkov, S., 516 Коса Yusuf Pasha, 84-85, 87, 559η. 1 Kochius, Ivan, 40 Kochubey, Viktor, 131, 132, 170, 175, 35б-57 581Ո.93, 603Ո.36 Kollowrath-Krakowsky, Johann Karl von, 249-50, 253-54 Komarovskii, Evgraf, 176-77, 349, 358 Konev, Ivan, 728Ո.49 Konovnitsyn, Peter Baggovut to, 692-93Ո.62 observations of, 401-2, 440-41, 470 praise of, 684Ո.42 service of, 364, 390-91, 451-52, 455, 500 Toll and, 468
772 I INDEX Kornilov, Aleksandr, 592η.72 Koshelev, Alexander, 509-10 Kozel’skii, Yakov, 17 Kozlovsky, Osip, 79-80 Krasovskii, Afanasii, 642Ո.43 Krüdener, Barbara Juliane von, 435 Krylov, Ivan, 445, 473, 495 Kudashev, Nikolai, 296, 365-66, 432-33, 5Π Kudryavtsev, D., 631Ո.102 Kurakin, Alexander, 150-51, 303-4 Kurakin, В., 644-45Ո.8 Kutaisov, Alexander, 368, 392 Kutuz, Ananii, 4-5 Kutuz, Fedor, 4-5, 524Ո.8 Kutuz, Vasilii, 4—5 Kutuzov, Matrena, 524η. 11 Kutuzov, Mikhail. See specific topics Kyiv, exile in, 269-74, 27б-77 Lacy, Boris de, 186 landownership, li, no, 178-79, 64445Ո.8, 645η.II Langeron, Louis Alexandre Andrault de, 164-65 in battle, 253-54 Chichagov to, 484 correspondence with, 650-51Ո.91 criticism from, 46-47, 142-43, 651П.101, 661Ո.32 Khi trovo, N. Z., to, 292-93 Kutuzov, Catherine (wife) and, 662Ո.37 leadership of, 305 on Markov, Y, 655η.34 memoirs of, 64in.35 observations of, 240, 250-51, 287, 29091, 302-3, 328, 55411.53, 557Ո.79, 557-58Ո.89 Ottoman Empire to, 654η. 19 relationship with, 316, 322, 656-57Ո.50 on Rumyantsev, P., 27 Sabaneyev and, 486 scholarship on, 647η.39 service of, 658Ո.73, 658Ո.75 soldiers with, 80, 246, 278-79 on Turks, 65 in. 102 Weyrother to, 626Ո.29 language in diplomacy, 571Ո.49 education, 12-13, 134, 541-42Ո.27 fluency in, xvii-xviii, 100-1, 120 maps and, 666ո.շ8 in Ottoman Empire, 5 34η.21 Russian, 523-24Ո.7 Lannes, Jean, 199, 227-28, 229, 230, 248, 255 Lanskoi, V., 692-93Ո.62 Lastours, Sophie de, 537η.53 Latour-Maubourg, Marie-Victor, 392-93, 396-97 Laudon, Ernst Gideon von, 43-44 Lauriston, Marquis de, 436-37 diplomacy with, 441-43,
703Ո.65 in history, 705η. 102 psychology of, 444-45 to Wilson, 705Ո.104 Law, Jacques Alexandre Bernard. See Lauriston Laz Ahmed Pasha, 307-8 Lebedev, Nikolai, 368-69 Legislative Commission, 23-24 Leigh-Mallory, Trafford, 517 Lejeune, Louis-François, 374-75 Leopold (king), 64 Levanidov, A., 544η.52 Levitskii, Mikhail, 366 Liechtenstein, Johann Joseph Fürst von und zu, 235, 249-50, 253-54, 625n.11 Lieven, Dominic, xviii, 435 Lieven, Karl, 10 Life of SamuelJohnson (Boswell), xxi Ligne, Charles de, 60, 61, 547η.34 Likhachev, Peter, 391-92 Liprandi, Ivan, 392, 731η.23 literature Council of War in, xix culture and, 225, 638Ո.55 death in, 515-16 heroes in, 233-34, 384 history and, 202-3, 213, 228-29, 257, 629η.77 in Russia, xx Society for the Lovers of Russian Literature, 133-34 in Western culture, xix-xx Lithuania, 160-61, 172, 524Ո.9, 601Ո.17, 644η. i Lobanov-Rostovskii, Dmitri, 368-69, 408-9 Locke, John, 134
INDEX I 773 Lomonosov, Mikhail, 15 Longinov, Nikolai, 348, 350-51, 359, 41617, 507 Longworth, Philip, 532-33Ո.1 Lopatin, V., 532-33Ո.1 Lopukhin, Dmitri, 295-96 Lopukhin, Peter, 356-57 Loshakov, Ivan, 634-35Ո.4 Louis XVI (king), 98-99, 124-25 Löwenstern, Waldemar de, 304, 387, 39192, 412-13, 418 Bennigsen and, 463 in cluster, 678Ո.95 memoirs of, 713Ո.36, 716η.37 observations of, 451-52, 469, 712Ո.29 reconnaissance by, 71 in. 13 support from, 477 Wilson and, 477-78 Lubenkov, Nikolai, 390-91 Luganskii Pikineer Regiment, 45-46, 47-49 MacDonald, Jacques-Étienne, 345-46, 498 Mäcin to military, 87-88 to Ottoman Empire, 85-87, 88-93 war in, 564-65, 566Ո.51 Mack von Leiberich, Karl Freiherr, xviii-xix, 243 Bonaparte and, 204-5, 609Ո.96 failure of, 207-8, 216-17 in history, 601Ո.21 in literature, 202-3 reputation of, 201-2, 203, 205, 216, 626η. 30 in service, 187-88, 192-93, *94 !99 MacLeod, George, 541η. 19 Mahmud Bey, 67-68 Mahmud II (sultan), 282 authority of, 330 diplomacy with, 283 strategy of, 298-99, 307-8, 318 Mailly, Adrien de, 447 Maistre, Joseph de, 62in.28 Chichagov to, 661Ո.30 criticism from, 416 Kamenskii, Μ., to, 669Ո.56 observations of, 482, 488 reports from, 260 reputation with, 709η. 35 Maistre, Xavier de, 488-89 Makeenko, L., 6-7, 519 Manceron, Claude, 629Ո.77 maps battle, 380/ language and, 666ո.շ8 of Ottoman Empire, 637Ո.49 from prisoners, бобп.64 Marakuev, Mikhail, 416-17 Marchenko, V., 484-85 Maret, Hugues-Bernard, no-11, 455-56 Maria Feodorovna (Dowager Empress), 508 Maria Theresa, 187-88 Marie Antoinette (queen), 64 Marin, Sergei, 430-31, 440-41, 493-94,
513-14, 706η. 110 Marivaux, Pierre de, 590Ո.46 Markov, Irakli, 368-69 Markov, Yevgeny, 284-85, 324-27, 655Ո.34, 656Ո.39 marksmanship, 53 Marmont, Auguste Viesse de, xviii-xix marriage, 46-47 masculinity, 647Ո.43 Masse, Alexander, 277 Masséna, André, 159-60, 193 Massot, Jean, 60-61 Maximilian Joseph (king of Bavaria), 186-87 Mayevskii, Sergei, 142, 437-38, 678η.95 Meerheimb, Franz Ludwig von, 396-97 Mehmed Ali, 275 Mehmed II (sultan), 113 Melissino, Peter, 32, 33-34, 133-34 Mendeleyev, Dmitri, xx-xxi Mertvago, Dmitri, 419 Merveldt, Maximilian von in battle, 213 leadership of, 199-200, 203, 204-5 relationship with, 210-11, 216-17 strategy of, 212-13 success of, 211—12 Metternich, Klemens von, 512, 653Ո.3 Metz, Auguste Thirion de, 383 Miakinkov, Eugene, 134-35, 581-82Ո.5 Michaud, Alexander, 411 Michelson, Ivan, 275-76 Middle Ages, 3-4 Mihrişah (sultan), 120-21, 576-77Ո.43 Mikhailov, Oleg, 174, 732-33Ո.50
՜՜ՈՀ I INDEX Mikhailovskii-Danilevskii, Alexander as aide-de-camp, 349-50, 366 on Barclay de Tolly, 439 on France, 607Ո.81 as historian, 514-15 on military career, 236, 438, 441—42, 449-50 on mistresses, 303-4 on Moscow, 431-32 observations of, 393-95,447-48, 488, 504 support from, 451-52 on Suvorov, 240-41 Turgenev and, 507 Mikhelson, Ivan, 186-87 military. See also specific topics of Alexander I, 188-89 archives, 621-22Ո.33 Astrakhanskii Infantry Regiment, 19, 20-21, 23 of Austria, 626η. 28 battle maps, 380/ Black Sea for, 663η.54 of Britain, 53-54, 545η. 11 bureaucracy, 137 career, 17-19, 22-24, 236, 278-81, 299-300, 342, 357-60, 367-68, 42426, 438, 441-42, 449-50, 507-8, 53ІП.73, 538Ո.64 in childhood, 14-17 command structure, 679η.ιοί, 68in.6 compensation, 78-79 Council of War and, 69, 207-8 czars and, 348-51, 364 desertion, 33-34, 51-52, 67-68, 154, 562Ո.25, 695Ո.87 diplomacy, 198-99, 570η. 37 in Europe, 647Ո.43 evacuations, 652η. 109 executions, 701Ո.41 failure of, 259-62 flying detachments, 432-34, 447, 45657, 473-75, 484, 560Ո.10, 714η. 5 of France, 259-60, 403, 619-20Ո.18, 664η. 3 furlough, 5 34η. 12 in Germany, 503 “golden bridge strategy,” 464-65, 46768, 479 Golenischev-Kutuzov family in, 4-7, 13-14 governorships, 644η.I, 644η.6 heroes, 136, 332-34 history, xvii-xxi, 138, 521-22Ո.6, 525-26Ո.17, 532η.87 hospitals, 279 influences from, 20-21 intelligence, 65—66, 206 leadership, xiv, 267-69, 363-66, 463-64, 477-78, 480-81, 500, 502, 561Ո.18, 605η.57, 6io-iin.i5, 6і4֊і5п.57, 624η.51, 720Ո.23 in Lithuania, боіп.17 logistics, 481-82 Luganskii Pikineer Regiment, 45-46,
47-49 Macin to, 87-88 Military Enlightenment, 51, 80-81, 133-34, 135-36, 171, 581-82Ո.5 mobility of, 545η. 11 modernity in, 50-54 in Napoleonic Wars, xiii-xiv Narva Corps for, 349 Nazi, xx, 517-18 Order of Kutuzov in, xx of Ottoman Empire, in-12, 288-91, 651Ո.102 to Peter the Great, 160, 567Ո.6 physicians, 61 in.21 Platov-Uvarov Raid, 394-95 in Poland, 24-25, 533η.8 policy, 695Ո.87 politics and, 219, 267-68, 269, 399400, 597Ո.32 promotion in, 38, 48-49, 5 31П.77, 544Ո.51, 5594·98 propaganda, 67-68 public opinion and, 403-4 rankings, xiv, xiv/, 6, 522-23n.11, 535n-3° 667Ո.33 recognition, 54-55 records, 526-27Ո.23, 5280.43, 53ІП.73, 535-36Ո.ՅՅ, 540Ո.17,557-58Ո.89, 602-3Ո.29, 647η.52, 673η.з6, 709-10Ո.39 regulations, 545Ո.8, 547Ո.34, 585Ո.42, 625η.8, 654-55Ո.26 reinforcements, 214-15 reports, 389, 559-60Ո.6, 562Ո.28, 564Ո.43, 574Ո.9, 613Ո.38, 617-18Ո.85, 633η. 120, 634Ո.131, 649-50Ո.79, 650Ո.85, 656Ո.43 reputation in, 64-69, 291-94, 462-63, 477, 505-8 reserve forces, 675Ո.56
INDEX I 775 resources, 659η. IJ Rites of Service, 535Ո.29 Rumyantsev, R, in, 27-29 Russian Military Enlightenment, xix-xx after Russo-Ottoman War, 47—49 St. Petersburg Plan, 480-83 to Selim III, 124 seniority system in, 667Ո.33, 678Ո.96 setbacks, 206-10, 562Ո.25 Smolenskii Infantry Regiment, 29, 36 society and, 148, 492 strategy, 69-74, 377 398-99, 4і 112, 447-48, 455-58, 615-ібп.бб, 652Ո.107, 698Ո.2 success in, 39-41, 62, 81, 88, 93 supplies, 402-3, бобп.62, 627Ո.42 Tarutino maneuver, 426-28 training camps, 279-80 trenches, 641Ո.33 Tuiskii Infantry Regiment, 45-46 of Turks, 280, 290, 298-300, 307-9, 319, 551Ո.14, 555Ո.56 volunteers for, 74 wealth of, 404 weather and, 431-34 in winter, 273 Miloradovich, Mikhail, 191, 199-200 affairs of, 302 Bagration and, 235-36, 242-43, 613Ո.44 in battle, 223, 397, 429, 430, 714Ո.3 Bennigsen and, 450, 700η.28 criticism from, 608Ո.88 Dokhturov and, 678Ո.96 leadership of, 214-15, 221, 276, 278-79, 376-77, 613Ո.40, 681Ո.6, 697Ո.123, 7МП-5 Mortier and, 6Ї6-17П.72 after Napoleonic Wars, 510 observations of, 221, 256, 284 Osterman-Tolstoy and, 473-74 in pursuit, 466-67, 474 to Rayevskii, 476 recruitment by, 368-69 relationship with, 263, 363-64, 450-51 reputation of, 405-6 service of, 364, 450, 474-75, 631П.102 success of, 220-21 Tiesenhausen, B., and, 221-22 Yermolov and, 451-52 Mirat, Joachim, xviii-xix mistresses, 303-4,470-71, 512, 576-77Ո.43 Mitarevskii, Nikolai, 373, 382, 384,430-31, 448,450, 478 mobility, of military, 545η. 11 modernity of Europe, 148-49 in military, 50-54 from Peter the Great, 11-12 in Russia, 11-і 3 in Western culture,
15 Möllendorf, Wichard Joachim Heinrich von, 15З Möller, Ivan, 66 Mongols, 550Ո.8 Montbrun, Louis-Pierre, 395-96 Montesquiou-Fezensac, Raymond Eymery, 466 Montresor, Karl, 503-4 Morand, Charles Antoine, 391-92 Mordvinov, Mikhailo, 16—17 Moreau, Jean, 158, 188-89, 35^-59 Moritz von Lacy, Franz, 43-44 Mortier, Adolphe Édouard Casimir Joseph, 213, 218, 219-21,474-75 in battle, 221, 223-24 Bonaparte and, 224-25 leadership of, 248 Miloradovich and, 616-17Ո.72 reputation of, 235 strategy with, Ճ15Ո.64, 6i6n.68 support for, 222-23 Moscow to Alexander I, 498-99 Barclay de Tolly on, 674η. 5 2 to Bonaparte, 402-3, 421-23, 434-36, 454, 689-90Ո.18 Cossacks in, 418, 426-27 to Council of War, 414-18 Europe and, 422 flying detachments in, 456-57 France in, 421—23 in history, 491, 5 34η. 21 policy with, 424-26 politics of, 406-11, 689Ո.9 to Russia, 674Ո.50 society of, 404, 416 soldiers in, 434-36 surrender of, 404, 408-9, 410, 412-14, 418-21, 690Ո.24 in war, 455-56 Mouruzi, Alexander, 108-9 Mulla Pasha, 311, 320-21 Münnich, Burkhard Christoph von, 133
"¡"¡Շ I INDEX Murat, Joachim, 199, 214-15 Alexander I and, 373 in Austria, 227-28 Bagration and, 620Ո.27 in battle, 233-34, 393 Bonaparte and, 228, 233, 428-30, 447, 614Ո.47, 620Ո.20 capture of, 391-92, 393 Cossacks with, 428 diplomacy with, 231-32 failure of, 219, 226-27, 231, 232-33, 430, 449, 450-51 intelligence from, 217 Lannes and, 229, 230, 248 losses of, 405-6 Nostitz-Rieneck and, 230, 231 Poniatowski, J. A., and, 451-52 Rayevskii and, 429 reputation of, 405, 620Ո.21 Russia to, 62in.31 strategy of, бббп.28 Muravyev, Nikolai, 15-16, 301-2, 362-63, 419, 448 Muscovite society, 407-8, 409 Musin-Pushkin, Valentin, 41 muskets, 635Ո.14, 640Ո.22 Mustafa, Seraskir, 91, 92 Mustafa III (sultan), 25 Mustafa IV (sultan), 282 Mustafa Rasih Efendi, 130-31, 132 Mustafa Rasih Pasha, 102-3, 105-6, 571Ո.47 Muybridge, Edward, 542Ո.30 Nabokoff, Serge, 5 37η. 53 Nansouty, Étienne-Marie, 392-93 Napoleon (Roberts), 521-22Ո.6 Napoleonic Wars Barclay de Tolly and, 510, 522Ո.7 Britain in, 464-65, 558Ո.92 Clausewitz after, 510 diplomacy in, 274-75 Europe and, xviii-xix, 345, 512 history of, xviii-xix, 400-1, 514-15 military in, xiii-xiv Nostitz-Rieneck after, 622Ո.38 policy in, 672Ո.23 politics of, 161-62, 275-77 preparation for, 139 Rostopchin after, 510 in Russia, 385-89 service in, 60 Shevardino Redoubt in, 372-73, 385, 676-77Ո.77, 680Ո.104 soldiers in, 389-91 success in, xvii Toll after, 510 in Western culture, xviii Narbonne, Louis, 337 Narrative of Events During the Invasion of Russia (Wilson), 441-42 Narva Corps, 349 Naryshkin, A., 491 Naryshkin, L., 10 Naryshkin, Maria, 470-71 Nassau-
Siegen, Charles Heinrich von, 59, 60 nationalism, 407 Naval Cadet Corps, 22 Nazi military, xx, 517-18 Nelson, Horatio, 187-88 Neophytus VII, 572Ո.68 Netherlands, 64. See also Austria Neverovskii, Dmitri, 354-55, 373-74, 390 Newton, Isaac, xx-xxi Ney, Michel in battle, 375-76, 390 Davout and, 405-6, 475-76 Poniatowski, J. A., and, 466-67 reinforcements for, 392-93 service of, 199, 201, 474-75 surrender to, 474-75 Nicholas (grand duke), 508 Nicholas I, 508, 511, 513, 514-15 Nicolay, Johanna von, 154-5 5 Niebuhr, Barthold Georg, 664η.3 nobility aristocracy and, 8, 10 Assembly of the Nobility, 349-50 culture in, 12, 295-96 in Europe, 15 in France, 103 in Poland, 173 protection of, 11 in Russia, 527-28Ո.37 serfs and, 10, 527Ո.36 society and, 350-51 support from, 492-93 in Velvet Book, 5, 524η.8 wealth of, 296-97
INDEX Nootka Sound Crisis, 84 Nordman, E, 727-28Ո.48, 728Ո.49 Norov, Vasili,437-38 North Africa, 25-26 Norway Britain and, 1Ճ4 Sweden and, 3-4 Nostitz-Rieneck, Johann Nepomuk von, 207,214,229-30 in battle, 231, 619Ո.17 failure of, 230, 231 leadership of, 620Ո.21, 623Ո.42 Murat and, 230, 231 after Napoleonic Wars, 622Ո.38 Wintzingerode and, 233 ' Ochakov Crisis, 84 Odenthal, Ivan, 349, 357, 665η. 10 Oertel, Friedrich, 480-82, 718Ո.7, 718Ո.8 Ogarev, Alexander, 382 Oldenburg, August of, 695η.82 Olitz, Peter, 24, 27, 33-34, 536η.36, 538ո,68 Olry, Johann Franz Anton von, 169, 625Ո.8, 628Ո.5Ճ Olsufyev III, 284-85 “On the Destruction of the French Who Insolently Invaded the Russian Heartlands” (Bunina), 721-22Ո.40 Opisanie voiny 1812 goda (Akhsharumov), 514 Opochinin, Mikhail, 501 Order of Kutuzov, xx Order of St. Alexander of Neva, 88, 550Ո.8 Order of St. Anna, 62, 501 Order of St. George, 81, 93, 493, 541Ո.25, 559Ո.98, 566Ո.51 Order of St. John of Jerusalem, 156-57 Order of St. Vladimir, 62, 476 Order of the Black Eagle, 502-3 Order of the Red Eagle, 502-3 Orlov, Alexey, 19, 147-48 Orlov, Nikolai, 68-69 Orlov-Denisov, Vasilii, 432-33 O’Rourke, Joseph, 213, 310 Osterman-Tolstoy, Alexander in Council of War, 414 leadership of, 429 Miloradovich and, 473-74 Rayevskii and, 415 I 777 Otroshenko, Yakov, 12-13, Յշ6, 329 Ottoman Empire. See also specific topics to Alexander I, 310 alliance with, 159-60 Austria and, 226 Bonaparte and, 274-76 Catherine II and, 27 Cossacks in, 562Ո.25 Crimean Tatars with, 30-31, 32-34 culture of, 557Ո.81 customs of, 656-57Ո.50 diplomacy with, 100-12,
121-30, 175, 334 Europe and, 116, 119 experience with, 712Ո.20 family in, 120 flotilla of, 91 food in, 559-60Ո.6 France and, 107-8, 125-26, 128-29, 337 history of, 25-27, 84-85 Imperial Council of, 115, 118, 126, 128, 129-30 intelligence and, 85-87, 103, 650η.80 Izmail to, 82, 83-85, 550η.10 to Langeron, 654η. 19 language in, 5 34η.21 leadership of, 5 5on.8 Macin to, 85-87, 88-93 maps of, 637Ո.49 military of, in-12, 288-91, 651η.102 Poland and, xxi, 25, 273 politics in, 281-84, 569Ո.30, 660Ո.18 prisoners of war from, 309, 550Ո.7 propaganda and, 660Ո.20 Prussia and, 126 religion in, 122, 124, 584η.38 reputation with, 131-32, 569η.27 Russia and, xix-xx, 24-25, 27-29, 4042, 55-63, 64-69, 74-81, 75/, 82, 83-84, 87-88, 98-101,103-4, Ϊ2Ι, 127, 274-75, 284-89, 291-94,298300, 332-34, 341-42 Russo-Ottoman War, 6, 29-38 setbacks for, 537η.59 in Seven Years’ War, 534—35η.22 Sinel’nikov on, 561Ո.19 soldiers of, 329, 330-31, 557Ո.88 strategy of, 570Ո.33, 659Ո.9 to Suvorov, 5 5 3η.39 Sweden and, 64
778 I INDEX Ottoman Empire (cont.՜) after Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, 44-45 Turkey and, 30 wealth of, 105, 109, 113, 114-15, 118 Oudinot, Charles, 214, 484, 623Ո.45 Ovsov, Nikolai, 597Ո.32 Ozharovskii, Adam, 432-33, 473-74 Pahlen, Peter Ludwig von der, 356-57, 593Ո-85, 596Ո.7 Alexander I and, 168-69 in assassination, 164-67 Paul I and, 163, 164-65 Palmer, Alan, 171-72 Panin, Nikita Petrovich, 150-52, 153, 164-65, 174-75, 589 Parkinson, Roger on Bagration, 619η.17 on family, 541Ո.22 on Istanbul, 581Ո.96 mistakes by, 532Ո.87, 533Ո.8, 534n.11, 540n.11, 540Ո.14, 549Ո.47, 589Ո.24 reputation of, xviii Paskevich, Ivan, xiv, 288-89, 290, 373, 641-42Ո.42 Pasvanoglu Osman Pasha, 275 The Patriotic War and Russian Society, 516 Patriotic War of 1812, 514-15, 516, 51719. SA also Napoleonic Wars patronage culture, 173-74 Paull assassination of, 164-67, 168-69, 17172, 184, 594Ո.100 diplomacy of, 156-57, 160-64 legacy of, 168-69, 364-65, 587-88Ո.4, 592Ո.72 Pahlen and, 163, 164-65 Prussia to, 146-49 reputation with, 151-52, 154, 155-57, 158-60, 163-64, 506, 594η.99 Rostopchin and, 406-7 war to, 160—61 Pavlenkov, Florentii, 733η.52 peasants, 433-34, 442, 469-70, 513, 560Ո.10 Pelet, Jean-Jacques, 378, 401 pensions, 726η.32 Persians, 663Ո.54 personality, 46-47 Peter III, 17-19, 45, 146-48 Peter the Great death of, 525η. 12 leadership of, 11, 23 legacy of, 71 military to, 160, 567η.6 modernity from, 11-12 rumors about, 5-6 Table of Ranks to, xiv Petrov, Mikhail, 398, 651П.93 Petrushevskii, Alexander, 532-33Ո.1, 550Ո.10, 557-58Ո.89 Peyrièr, Honore Theodore Maxime Gazan de la, 219-20 Pfuel, Karl
Ludwig August Friedrich von, 347 philosophy of Enlightenment, 134 of Jacobins, 148-49 of Military Enlightenment, 51, 80-81, 133-34, 135-36, 171 Phineas Gage (Fleischman), 542η.30 physicians, 611П.21 Pino, Domenico, 460 Pistor, Yakov, 88-91, 5 64-66Ո.47 Pitt, William, 84, 184-85 Platov, Ataman Matvei, 355-56 Platov, Matvei attitude of, 71 in battle, 354, 394-95 in Britain, 303-4 with Cossacks, 393-94, 405-6, 466-67, 498 in Council of War, 290-91 intelligence from, 463 leadership of, 278-79 relationship with, 60, 387 Toll and, 393-94 Yermolov and, 713η.35 Platov-Uvarov Raid, 394-95, 400-1 Plemyannikov, Peter, 33-34, 536Ո.36 Pokrovskii, Mikhail, 516 Poland Augustus III of, 22 Austria and, 486 Bonaparte in, 501 to Catherine II, 142-43, 177 Catherine II and, 22-23, 24 Europe and, 125-27 France and, 276, 454, 500-1 military in, 24-25, 533Ո.8
INDEX I 779 nobility in, 173 Ottoman Empire and, xxi, 25, 273 politics in, 296 Prussia and, 501-2 Russia and, 24-25, 27, 97-98, 150, 160, 276 winter in, 272 Poletika, Peter, 582η. 15 policy with Bonaparte, 402-3, 408-9, 415-16, 429,436-45, 44Ğ-47, 462-65, 499֊ 500, 719-20Ո.19 in Britain, 592Ո.77 military, 695η.87 with Moscow, 424-26 in Napoleonic Wars, 672η.23 with Prussia, 561-62Ո.24 in recruitment, 638η. 5 of Selim III, 115 in Soviet Union, 516-19 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 97-99, 109-10, 270-71, 294, 295-98 politics Bonaparte in, 489 bureaucracy in, 573η.75 of czars, 333, 494 in Europe, 274-75 in Germany, бббп.30 ofjacobins, 128-29, 130, ΐ4θ-49, 337՜ 38, 407 military and, 219, 267-68, 269, 399400, 597Ո.32 of Moscow, 406-11, 689Ո.9 of Napoleonic Wars, 161-62, 275-77 in Ottoman Empire, 281-84, 569Ո.30, 660Ո.18 in Poland, 296 Rayevskii in, 414 of recruitment, 663η.5 5 in Russia, 339-41, 464-65 of war, 188-90 Yermolov in, 494—95 Poniatowski, Józef Antoni, 98, 373, 393, 451-52, 466-67 Poniatowski, Stanislaw August, 22, 24 Popadichev, Ilya, 200-1, 209-10, 221-22 Popov, A., 519 populism, 407 Porta, Horace François Bastien Sebastiani de La, 280-81 Porter, Ker, 404 Potemkin, Gregory, 31 Bug Jäger Corps to, 66 Catherine II and, 45-46, 54-55, 57, бо бі, 68-69, 547-48Ո.38, 563Ո.33 Chertkov, V., and, 543Ո.41 death of, 566η. 51 leadership of, 50, 57, 58-59, 62-63, 6465, 66, 544η. 52 Repnin and, 564-66Ո.47 service under, 57-59, 61-62, 81, 544Ո-54, 5бзп-33 soldiers to, 60 Suvorov and, 69-70, 75 Potemkin, Pavel, 62—63, 66—67, 68-70, 74, 107 prisoners of war, 83, 158, 163-64 from
Bonaparte, 163-64, 218-19 from flying detachments, 560η. 10 from France, 366-67, 454 intelligence from, 216-17, 219-20, 551Ո.15, 650Ո.88 maps from, бобп.64 from Ottoman Empire, 309, 550Ո.7 propaganda, 79—80 by Bonaparte, 262, 400 from Europe, 126-27 in France, 472, бібп.70, 623Ո.44 in history, 686-87Ո.87, 687η.100 in imperialism, 120-21 military, 67-68 Ottoman Empire and, 660Ո.20 in Russia, 230—33 by Soviet Union, 686-87Ո.87, 687η. 100, 7і8п-з, 727Ո.47 xenophobia and, 407 Protasov, Alexander, 139 Prozorovskii, Alexander, 133-34, 273 276-77 Alexander I and, 291, 293-94, 643Ո.65 Arakcheyev and, 639η. 13 criticism of, 640Ո.20 leadership of, 278-79, 281, 283, 284, 290-91 observations of, 64ІП.40 relationship with, 278, 280-81, 286-88, 292-94, 642Ո.44 reputation of, 290, 291-92, 298 Prussia, 43-44, 183 to Alexander I, 208, 237
780 I INDEX Prussia (cont.) Austria and, 97, 98, 109—10, 124-25, 129, 150, 498 Bonaparte and, 194-95 Britain and, 17-18, 84 France and, 236, 262, 272 Frederick the Great of, 20-21, 43-44, 53-54 Frederick William III of, 150-53, 184, 186 Frederick William II of, 17-18, 150, 151 high society in, 152-53 in Middle Ages, 3-4 Ottoman Empire and, 126 to Paul I, 146-49 Poland and, 501-2 policy with, 561-62Ո.24 reputation in, 502-3 royalty in, 512 Russia and, 64-65, 150-53, 240, 244, 497 Przybyszewski, Ignacy, 249-50, 253-54, 257-58, 632η.107 psychology of Alexander I, 240-43, 257, 261, 276, 435-36, 669Ո.61 of Bagration, 378 of Barclay de Tolly, 365-66 ofBonaparte, 238, 340-41, 351, 368, 384-85, 393-94, 400-3, 489-90, 627Ո.38 of czars, 403, 659η. i x of Davout, 494 of Dokhturov, 419-20 of heroes, 411 of history, 381 of injuries, 401-2 interpretation and, xxi of Lauriston, 444-45 of masculinity, 647Ո.43 of religion, 381-82 of Rostopchin, 440-41 of soldiers, 382, 400, 419-20, 431, 45 5 of war, 687Ո.94 public opinion, 403-4 Alexander I and, 490-94, 495-96, 500, 722Ո.53 of death, 513-15 heroes in, 505-6 Russia and, 494-96 of soldiers, 495-96 of war, 470-71 Pugachev, Emel’yan, 45 Puibusque, Louis-Guillaume, 444-45 Punic Wars, 447-48, 583Ո.23 Puschin, Pavel, 362-63, 492, 682-83Ո.19 Pushkin, Alexander fame with, 512-14 to Russia, xx-xxi, 143, 168-69, 4χ6 Putin, Vladimir, xx-xxi Qajar, Agha Muhammed, 123 Quintus Fabius, 447-48, 491, 583Ո.23 Radischev, Alexander, 191-92 Radozhitskii, Ilya, 362, 385-86, 420-21 Radziwiłł, Karol, 22 Rakovskii, Leontii, 171-72 Ranke, Leopold von, xxi rankings
military, xiv, xivr, 6, 522-23n.11, 535Ո.30, 667Ո.33 Table of Ranks, 11-12, 18, 152 Rapp, Jean, 390, 454 Rasputin, Gregory, 512 Rayevskii, Nikolai authority of, 376-77 on Barclay de Tolly, 363-64 Miloradovich to, 476 Murat and, 429 observations of, 399, 419-20, 453-54 Osterman-Tolstoy and, 415 in politics, 414 in service, 378, 391-92, 427-28 Razumovskii, Andrei, no-11,197-98, 203-5, 62in.30 Razumovskii, K., 10 reconnaissance from Bennigsen, 463 by Bonaparte, 374-76, 473 for Catherine II, 568η. 10 from France, 486 by Löwenstern, 711 n. 13 recruitment policy in, 638η. 5 politics of, 663Ո.55 reserve forces and, 67 5 η. 5 6 in Russia, 403 of soldiers, 378, 501-2
INDEX reform of Cadet Corps, 138-45, 583-84Ո.32, 584Ո.38 after Catherine II, 146-49 in education, 133-34, 138-45 resistance to, 135-36 in Russia, 138-45, 148-49, 165-66 to Selim III, 105-6, 121 Regimental Regulations (Suvorov), 20-21 Reimers, Heinrich Christoph von, 100-1, 105 reinforcements for Bagration, 214-15, 387, 391-92 for Bonaparte, 248-49, 399 military, 214-15 for Ney, 392-93 for Russia, 431 of soldiers, 90-91 from Steinheil, 481 supplies and, 410-11 in war, 235 for Yermolov, 459-60 religion birth records to, 7 Bonaparte and, 689η. 14 czars and, 567η.6 diplomacy and, 104, 340—41 holidays for, 102-3 in Istanbul, 114 in Ottoman Empire, 122, 124, 584η.38 psychology of, 381-82 in Russia, 3-4, 47-48, 568-69Ո.22 to Turks, 659η. 10 in war, 31, 45, 83-84, 90, 557Ո.88 Remarks on Infantry Service in General (Kutuzov, Mikhail), 50-51 Repnin, Nikolai illness of, 37 in Istanbul, 114-15 Izmail to, 560η. 13 leadership of, 83-84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, ЮЗ-4 observations of, 447-48 Potemkin, G., and, 564-66Ո.47 records of, 536η.36 relationship with, 88, 92-93, 560η. 12, 561-62Ո.24 reputation of, 66-67, 9°, 91-92, 99-100 service of, 30-31, 32, 35, 538η.68 Sineľnikovon, 537Ո.53 I 78i wealth of, 574Ո.9 Repninskii, Sergei, II, 286-87, 288-90 reserve forces, 675η.56 resignation, 598Ո.46 resistance, to reform, 135-36 Rezvyi, Dmitri, 290-91, 313 Ribas, Osip (José) de with flotillas, 66-67, 68-69, 7I-72 76, 86, 88 leadership of, 74, 552η.27, 555η.56 Ribeaupierre, Ivan (Jean-François), 75, 555Ո.59 Richelieu, Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis de on Izmail, 557-58Ո.89 observations of,
70-71, 77, 78, 79, 554Ո.53 soldiers to, 75, 555-56Ո.65 on Suvorov, 70 Rimskii-Korsakov, Alexander, 157-58, 476, 493-94 Rites of Service, 535Ո.29 Roberts, Andrew, 521-2 2 n. 6 Roncole, Filippo Paulucci delle, 709η.35 Rosen, Ivan, 192, 199-200, 604Ո.42 Rosenberg, Andrei, 668Ո.50 Rostopchin, Feodor, 69in.33 Alexander I and, 418-19, 689Ո.9 Bagration and, 690η. 31 Barclay de Tolly and, 418 Bennigsen and, 438 on Bonaparte, 404 correspondence with, 357, 370, 690Ո.28, 690Ո.30 criticism from, 141-42, 514 family of, 689η. 14 leadership of, 406-11, 695Ո.82 after Napoleonic Wars, 510 psychology of, 440-41 relationship with, 367, 407-8, 411-12, 417-18, 420-21, 694Ո.80 reputation of, 422, 430 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 8-9, 134 Ruehl, Johann Georg von, 61 in.21 rulers. See czars rules of war, 233 Rumyantsev, Nikolai, 443-44, 652η. 105 Rumyantsev, Peter, 133-34, 313, 535Ո.25 leadership of, 27-30, 31, 33-37, 38 observations of, 342
782 I INDEX Rumyantsev, Peter (cont.) relationship with, 539η.2, 657Ո.63 reputation of, 39, 44, 92--93, 536Ո.39 Russia. See also specific topics Austria and, 26-27, 159-60, 186-99, 202-5, 209-10, 211, 216-18, 23743, 249-52, 260-61, 481, 602η.28 Black Sea to, 659Ո.9 Bonaparte and, 162-63, 183-89, 2io13, 235-36, 336-37, 345-47, 3515 3, 363-64, 377, 383-85, 397-98, 404, 4o6֊7, 416-17 Britain and, 59, 77-78, 88, 162-63, 361-62, 561Ո.23, 593Ո.88 after Catherine II, 146-49 censorship in, 148-49 Civil War in, 511 communism in, 516—19 Crimea and, no-11, 125-26 culture of, 133-34, 368, 409-10 currency in, xiii-xiv czars in, xiv debt in, 644-45Ո.8 Decembrist Revolt, 509-10 defense of, 370-72, 376-79, 380/, 381, 391-92. 395-400, 455-58 diplomacy with, 100-12 elitism in, 177-78 Enlightenment in, 134-35 Europe and, 11-12, 17-19, 189-90,435, 465 fame in, xvii-xxi, 516-19 Finland and, 139, 155-56, 585Ո.46 France and, xvii, no-11, 129-30, 18890, 199-202, 214-15, 233-34, 244֊ 45, 258-61, 272, 282, 351, 372-74, 389-91, 415-16,426-31, 435-36, 447-54, 459-62,483-84, 485 General Armory of the Nobility of the Russian Empire, 3-4 Georgia and, 663Ո.54 Germany and, 100-1, 251-52, 351-53, 503-4 Gregorian New Style calendar in, xiii high society in, 141-45 history of, 44-46 Imperial Guard of, 19, 237, 249-50, 251, 256-57, 273-74 intelligence in, 268 Istanbul and, 82, 99, 101, 103, 108, 109 Italy and, 157-58 Legislative Commission, 23-24 literature in, xx Lithuania and, 172 masculinity in, 647Ո.43 modernity in, 11-13 morale in, 259-62, 404 Moscow to, 674η.50 to Murat, 621Ո.31 names in, xiii Napoleonic
Wars in, 385-89 nobility in, 527-28Ո.37 Order of Kutuzov in, xx Ottoman Empire and, xix-xx, 24—25, 27-29, 40-42, 55-63, 64-69, 74-81, 75/, 82, 83-84, 87-88, 98-101, 1034, 121, 127, 274-75, 284-89, 29194, 298-300, 332-34, 34Ī-42 in Patriotic War of 1812 514-15, 516 patronage culture in, 173-74 peasants in, 433-34 Poland and, 24-25, 27, 97-98, 150, 160, 276 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and, 97-99 politics in, 339-41, 464-65 propaganda in, 230-33 Prussia and, 64-65, 150-53, 240, 244, 497 public opinion and, 494-96 Pushkin to, xx-xxi, 143, 168-69, 416 recruitment in, 403 reform in, 138-45, 148-49, 165-66 reinforcements for, 431 religion in, 3-4, 47-48, 568-69Ո.22 reputation of, 497 Russo-Swedish Wars, 139 St. Petersburg Plan, 480-83 scouting by, 656-57Ո.50 in Second Coalition War, 157-58, 16061, 185, 242-43 seniority system in, 667Ո.33, 678Ո.96 Serbia and, 333 Society for the Lovers of Russian Literature, 133-34 society in, 10, 425-26 soldiers from, 361-63, 375-76, 381-82, 405-6 with Stalin, xx, 462, 516-і 9, 522~23n.11
INDEX I 783 strategy of, 82-93, 210-14, 219-25, 246-49,252-55,400-3 surveys in, 522η. 10 Sweden and, 27, 66, 139, 155-57, 273 585Ո.46 taxation in, 662Ո.44 Time of Troubles in, 5 travel in, 101-3, 604 treaties with, 632η. 112 in Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, 41, 45-46, 56, 92 Turkey and, 28, 60, 334-37 Turks and, 60, 92-93, 313-14 Ukraine and, 98, 100, 105 Ulm-Olmütz March-Maeuver to, 236 Unofficial Committee in, 165, 170, 174-76, 597Ո.32 Velvet Book in, 524Ո.8, 524η. 10 war and, 403-4, 406-11, 424-26 wealth of, 101, 339, 663Ո.53 in Western culture, xviii winter in, 141 in World War I, 511-і 2 xenophobia in, 357 Russian language, 523-24Ո.7 Russo-Ottoman War, 6, 29-38. See also specific topics authority in, 572Ո.68 Bauer in, no-11 diplomacy in, 327-31 France in, 127-28 heroes from, 348 intelligence from, 103-4 leadership in, 315-17, 319-23, 325-27 military after, 47-49 Russo-Ottoman Treaty, 275 strategy in, 323-25 Russo-Swedish Wars, 139, 585Ո.46, 668Ո.50 Sabaneyev, Ivan, 486 Sablukov, Nikolai, 147, 148-49, 164-65, 587-88Ո.4 St. Petersburg Plan, 480-83 Saltykov, Ivan, 536Ո.36 Saltykov, Nikolai, 356-57, 668Ո.50 Saltykova, Darya, 11 Saltykov-Schedrin, Mikhail, 9-10 Samoilov, Alexander, 66-67, 68-70, 74, 99 Sanglen, Jacob de, 418 Sardinia, 62ІП.28, 709η.35 Savary, Anne-Jean-Marie-René, 244-45 Savinovich, Ivan, 5 Scharnhorst, Gerhard von, xviii-xix, 347 Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, Peter August Friedrich of (prince), 18-19 Schmitt, Johann Heinrich von, 198-99, 220-21, 222-23, 243 scholarship, 594Ո.99, 601η.17, 647Ո.39, 676-77Ո.77, 732-ՅՅՈ.5Օ, 733Ո-52 Schwarzenberg, Karl
Philip, 345-46,494,498 scouting by Cossacks, 363 by France, 372 by Russia, 656-57Ո.50 Sebastiani, Horace, 426-27, 428, 449 Second Coalition War, 157-58, 160-61, 185, 242-43 Ségur, Louis-Philippe de, 54-55, 400, 454, 475,486-87 Selim III (sultan), 84, 92, 98-99 Bonaparte to, 275-76 death of, 276, 281-82 France to, 126-27, 275 leadership of, 113, 128-29 military to, 124 policy of, 115 reform to, 105-6, 121 relationship with, 581Ո.96 reputation with, 131 war to, 125-26 wealth of, 118-19, 127-28 Selyavin, N., 500 Semenov, Sergei, 235-36 Sémonville, Charles Louis Huguet, но-n seniority system, 667η.33, 678Ո.96 Seraskir Osman Pasha, 85 Serbia autonomy of, 659η. 10 independence of, 341-42 Russia and, 333 serfs, io, 11-12, 45, 527Ո.36, 528Ո.43 Serres, Marcel de, 227 Seslavin, Alexander, 432-33,457-58 Seven Years’ War, 17-18, 20-21, 26-27, . 273, 276, 534-35Ո.22 Severin, Ivan, 126-27, 569η.30 Shepelev, Dmitri, 449 Sherbatov, Alexander, 641-42Ո.42 Sherbinin, Alexander, 362, 365-66, 438, 442
784 I INDEX Sheremetev, Boris, 5 Sheremetev, N., 644-45Ո.8 Shevardino Redoubt, 372-73, 385, 676— 77η.77, 680Ո.104 Shiryaev, Fedor, 71-72 Shishkov, Alexander, 470-71, 499 Shubin, A., 176-77 Shuvalov (count), 15-16, 355-56 Shuvalov, Peter (prince), 14-15 Silahdar Mehmed Pasha, 36-37 Sinel’nikov, Filip on birth, 5 26η. 19 on Catherine II, 533Ո.6 on heroes, 532Ո.83 mistakes by, 536Ո.43 observations of, 23, 24-25, 48, 60-61, 514 on Ottoman Empire, 561Ո.19 on Repnin, 537η.53 Smirnov, A., 519 Smolenskii Infantry Regiment, 29, 36 society Alexander I in, 346-47 high, 141-45, 152-53, 154, 169 military and, 148, 492 of Moscow, 404, 416 Muscovite, 407-8, 409 nobility and, 350-51 reputation in, 359-60 in Russia, 10, 425-26 Society for the Lovers of Russian Literature, 133-34 war to, 516 Soglaev, V., 519, 556Ո.66 Sokolov, Oleg, 620Ո.27 Sokolovskii, Vasilii, 517 soldiers accounts from, 76-77 appreciation of, 471-72 at Babadag, 88 to Barclay de Tolly, 405 behavior of, 258-59, бііп.18 of Bonaparte, 394, 401-2 to Chicherin, 478 to Clausewitz, 393, 398, 473 compensation to, 78-79 in darkness, 555η.56 discipline with, 673Ո.38, 688n.2 diseases of, 635-36Ո.17 to Dokhturov, 238-39 education of, 139 food for, 209-10, 381, 626Ո.32 health of, 547η.34 illness of, 478-79 intoxication of, 682-83Ո.19, 695Ո.93 jägers and, 684-85Ո.47 knapsacks of, 642Ո.45 with Langeron, 80, 246, 278-79 leadership with, 431-34, 450-54, 500 in Moscow, 434-36 muskets of, 635η. 14 in Napoleonic Wars, 389-91 of Ottoman Empire, 329, 330-31, 557η.88 payment of, 688Ո.105 to Potemkin, G., 60 psychology of, 382, 400, 419-20, 431,
455 public opinion of, 495-96 recruitment of, 378, 501-2 reinforcements of, 90-91 rest for, 497-98 to Richelieu, 75, 555-56Ո.65 from Russia, 361-63, 375-76, 381-82, 405-6 strategy with, 460-61 suicide and, 586Ո.49 unions of, 603η.31 in war, 59-60, 214, 388, 489-90 weather to, 213, 374, 478-79, 484-85 winter to, 68-69 to Yermolov, 378, 381 Soltyk, Roman, 385-86 Soviet Military Encyclopedia, 236 Soviet Union collapse of, xx-xxi heroes of, xviii, 516-19, 540η. 16, 693-94Ո.69 policy in, 516-19 propaganda by, 686-87Ո.87, 687η. 100, 7і8п.з, 727Ո.47 Tolstoy, L., to, xx-xxi Spain, 68-69 Britain and, 84 France and, 345, 447-48 Italy and, 150 Spanish fly, 554η.51 Stackeiberg, Otto von, 432-33 Stalin, Joseph, xx, 462, 516-19, 52223n.11, 731Ո.34
INDEX I 785 Stein, Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum, 498-99 Steinheil, Faddei von, 156-57, 346-47, 480-81 Stourdza, Roxandra, 359-60 Strauch, Gottfried von, 193, 6օ6ո.6շ Stroganov, Pavel, 393 Struve, Johann Christian von, 105 Stutterheim, Karl Wilhelm von, 238, 246- 47, 248 suicide, 586Ո.49 supplies, 402-3 for Bonaparte, 427-28, 433-34 firewood, 649Ո.70 hay, 649Ո.70 military, 6օ6ո.6շ, 627Ո.42 of muskets, 640Ո.22 reinforcements and, 410-11 Surrugues, Abbe, 423 surveys, in Russia, 522η.10 Suçu, Draco, 107, 108 Suvorov (Lopatin), 532-33Ո.1 Suvorov, Alexander, xx-xxi, 20-21, 45 Austria to, 159-60 authority of, 57-58, 556Ո.66, 568η. 13 Council of War to, 70 Damas on, 552Ո.31 diplomacy of, 188-89 exile of, 149, 156, 157-58 in high society, 141-42 in history, 516-17, 532-33Ո.1 leadership of, 69-74, 157-58 Mikhailovskii-Danilevskii on, 240-41 Ottoman Empire to, 5 5 3η. 39 Potemkin, G., and, 69-70, 75 relationship with, 48-49, 74-81, 75/, 92-93, i57֊58, 55ՅՈ.4Յ, 556Ո.70 reports from, 555Ո.63 reputation of, 62-63, χ6ο, 198, 207, 240-41, 242-43, 284, 554Ո.47 Richelieu on, 70 success of, 641Ո.40 support for, 552η.27 Suvorov, Arkadii, 306-7 Suzdalskii Infantry Regiment, 21 Sverbeyev, Dmitri, 419 Sweden Alexander I and, 185 Britain and, 163-64, 244, 337-38 to Catherine II, 97 Finland and, 139-40 Gustav IV Adolf of, 139-40, 163-64 leadership in, 585-86Ո.47 Norway and, 3-4 Ottoman Empire and, 64 Russia and, 27, 66, 139, 155-57, 273 585Ո.46 Russo-Swedish Wars, 139 strategy with, 155-57 Switzerland, 157-58, 159-60, 161-62, 185-86, 207, 324-25, 668Ո.50 Table of Ranks, 11-12, 18, 152 tact,
in diplomacy, 118, 120 Tarle, Eugene, 516-17, 518-19, 731η.34, 732Ո.45 Tartars. See Tatars Tarutino maneuver, 426-28, 514-15 Tatars auxiliaries, 32-33, 40-41 cavalry of, 31, 33-34, 87, 699Ո.8 reputation of, 28, 70, Tļ-jS Turks and, 563Ո.32 Tatischev, Nikolai, 668Ո.50 Taurida Jäger Corps, 51-52, 83 taxation, 340, 662Ո.44 Tchaikovskii, Pyotr, xx-xxi Tekelli, Peter, 37 Tiesenhausen, Berend Gregor Ferdinand von, 178, 193, 197-98, 221-22, 257, 259, 268 Tiesenhausen, Catherine von (granddaughter), 5x2 Tiesenhausen, Darya (granddaughter). See Ficquelmont, Countess Daria Tiesenhausen, Ekaterina (granddaughter), 271-72 Tiesenhausen, Elisabeth von. See Golenischev-Kutuzov, Elisabeth Tikhonov, I., 6—7, 519 Tikhonov, Nikifor, 83 Time of Troubles, 5 Tisenhaus, Sophie de, 168 Toll, Karl Wilhelm von, 138, 248, 251-52 Bennigsen and, 371-72, 449, 477-78 in Cadet Corps, 365-66 in cluster, 678Ո.95 Euler and, 713Ո.36 Konovnitsyn and, 468 leadership of, 370-7 x
786 I INDEX Toll, Karl Wilhelm von (cont.) Michaud and, 411 after Napoleonic Wars, 510 observations of, 257 Platov and, 393-94 praise of, 708Ո.24 relationship with, 413-14, 438, 463 reputation of, 393 service of, 400-1 strategy of, 676-77Ո.77 Yermolov and, 440, 717Ո.51 Tolstoy, Dmitri, 511-і 2 Tolstoy, Fedor, 154, 360 Tolstoy, Feofil, 511-і 2 Tolstoy, Illarion, 154 Tolstoy, Ivan, 511-12 Tolstoy, Leo. See also War and Peace affairs to, 304-5 imagination of, 202-3, 384, 515-16 inspiration and, 228-29, 233-34 to Soviet Union, xx—xxi in Western culture, xix-xx, 225 Tolstoy, Matvey Fedorovich, 154, 351, 511 Tolstoy, Nikolai, 251-52 Tolstoy, Pavel, 154, 511 Tolstoy, Peter, 186-87, 690Ո.30 Tormasov, Alexander, 90-91, 186, 192, 356-57, 369, 474-75,480 Totfalushin, V., 519 trade, 663Ո.45 training camps, 279—80, 545Ո.9 Traskin, E., 380/ travel in Europe, 43-44, 53-54 with family, 104-5 in Russia, 101-3, 604 weather and, 572η.53 treaties, 92 Armistice of Slobozia, 278, 282 authority in, 662η.38 at Convention of Tauroggen, 497, 501-2 diplomacy and, 345-46 with Russia, 632η. 112 Russo-Ottoman Treaty, 275 from Russo-Swedish Wars, 585Ո.46 after war, 92, 341-42 Treaty of Basel, 150-51 Treaty of Bucharest, 341-42 Treaty of Campo Formio, 150 Treaty ofjassy, 98-101, 108, 275-76, 658η.69 Treaty of Kalisch, 501-2 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, 41, 45-46, 56, 92 Treaty of Lunéville, 183 Treaty of Tilsit, 274-75, 276 trenches, 641Ո.33 Troitskii, Nikolai, 519 Trousson, Ch., 678η.95 Tsebrikov, Roman, 59-60 Tuchkov, Nikolai, 378-79, 380/, 381 Bagration and, 390 injuries of, 401-2 punishment of, 718Ո.8
Tuchkov, Sergei, 12-13, 339 Tuchkov, Sergei, II, 305 Tuiskii Infantry Regiment, 45-46 Turgenev, Nikolai, 507 Turkey, 333, 334-39. See also Ottoman Empire Turkish language, 523-24Ո.7 Turks, 28, 30. See also Ottoman Empire in battle, 315-16 to Bonaparte, 318, 331 Cossacks and, 102-3 culture of, 106, 123 customs of, 116-18 defense of, 86 diplomacy with, 332-34, 660Ո.18 espionage by, 123-24 France and, 334-37 history of, 226, 557Ո.88, 564Ո.46 hospitality of, 109 intelligence and, 107-8, 281-84 Langeron on, 651η.102 military of, 280, 290, 298-300, 307-9, 319, 551Ո.14, 555Ո.56 religion to, 659η. I о reputation of, 93, 100, 103, 107-8, 114, 300, 329-30 Russia and, 60, 92-93, 313-14 strategy with, 66, 69, 71 Tatars and, 563Ո.32 war with, 288-91, 668-69Ո.53 wealth of, 106-7 Tyrconnell, George Carpenter of, 482-83, 489, 720Ո.20, 721Ո.29 Ukraine, 54-55 Chichagov in, 427 Cossacks from, 26
INDEX I 787 Crimea and, 54-55, 270 exile in, 177-80 history of, 54ՕՈ.17 Russia and, 98, 100, 105 Ulanius, Karl, 222 Ulm-Olmütz March-Maeuver, 236 unions, of soldiers, 603Ո.31 United States, 126, 70in.34 Unofficial Committee, 165, 170, 174-76, 597Ո.32 Ushakov, Fedor, 65,66, 522-23n.11, 564Ո.46 Uvarov, Fedor, 179, 393-94, 414 Vadbolskii, Ivan, 432-33 Valette, Jean Parisot La, 162 Vasiliev, A., 519 Velvet Book, 5, 524η.8, 524η.io Veľyashev-Volyntsev, Ivan, 17 Victor Emmanuel I (king), 621Ո.28, 709Ո.35 Vienna. See also Austria diplomacy in, 621η.30 to France, 229-30 to Francis, 227 importance of, 226-28 Vistitskii, Mikhail, 364, 365-66, 371-72, 390-91, 678η.95, 683-84Ո.31 Voeikov, A., 513-14 Voinov, Alexander, 305 Volkonskii, Gregory, 88, 91-92 Volkonskii, Peter, 179, 250-51, 435-37, 443, 5OO 7°3п.б5 Volkova, Maria, 351, 410 Voltaire, 509 volunteers, 74, 5 5 in. 15 Vom Kriege (Clausewitz), 510 Voronikhin, Andrei, 507 Vorontsov, Mikhail, 328, 347, 390, 399-400, 507 Vorontsov, Semen, 99, 139, 158-59, 261, 535Ո.25, 633η.126, 668Ո.50 Voyeikov, Aleksey, 645η. 16 Vyazemskii, Alexander, 5 34η. 12 Vyazemskii, Peter, 513-14, 515-16, 669Ո.61 Vyazemskii, Vasilii, 286-87, 288-89, 401-2 Vyazmitinov, Sergei, 356-57 war. See also specific topics to Alexander I, 184, 498-99 to Austria, 242-43, 259 against Bonaparte, 364-65, 366-70, 372-74, 392-95 with Britain, 337 casualties of, 79-80 to Catherine II, 36-37 communication in, 215-18 diplomacy in, 247 in Europe, 124-25, 127-29, 157-60 family and, 369-70 France and, 214, 489 ideology of, 425-26 injuries in, 548Ո.41 intelligence in, 210-11,
219-25, 426-31 in Macin, 564-65, 566η.51 maps in, 380/ Moscow in, 455-56 motive in, 705η. 102 to Paul I, 160-61 peasants in, 442 politics of, 188-90 preparations for, 383-85 psychology of, 687Ո.94 public opinion of, 470-71 reinforcements in, 235 religion in, 31, 45, 83-84, 90, 557Ո.88 rules of, 73-74, 78, 233, 654-55Ո.26 Russia and, 403-4, 406-11, 424-26 to Selim III, 125-26 to society, 516 soldiers in, 59-60, 214, 388, 489-90 strategy in, 361-63, 431-34 trade in, 663Ո.45 treaties after, 92, 341-42 with Turks, 288-91, 668-69Ո.53 weather in, 207-8, 214, 252, 373-74, 446-47 to Wilson, 489 winter in, 219-20 War and Peace (Tolstoy, L.), xix~xx, 202-3, 213, 257, 384, 515-16 War of 1812, 59 War of the Austrian Succession, 26-27 Waterloo, 509 wealth of Alexander I, 268-69 of Cadet Corps, 137-38, 584Ո.34 of czars, 63 5η. 12 of Golenischev-Kutuzov family, 11 investments with, 579Ո.71
788 I INDEX wealth (cont.) of Izmail, 557Ո.81 as landowner, no loss of, 177-80, 297-98 of military, 404 of nobility, 296-97 of Ottoman Empire, 105, 109, 113, 11415,п8 of Repnin, 574Ո.9 of Russia, 101, 339, 663Ո.53 of Selim III, 118-19, 127-28 from serfs, 11-і 2 of Turks, 106-7 weather to Bonaparte, 383, 471 to Caulaincourt, 706η. 5 military and, 431-34 to soldiers, 213, 374, 478-79, 484-85 travel and, 572Ո.53 in war, 207-8, 214, 252, 373-74,446-47 winter, 68-69, 141, 219-20, 272, 273 Weissman, Otto-Adolf, 538Ո.68 Wellesley, Arthur, 358-59, 421-22 Wellington, Duke of, xviii-xix, 347, 358-59, 421-22, 506 Western culture Bonaparte in, xix czars in, 171-72 diplomacy in, 119 influence from, 11-і 2 literature in, xix-xx modernity in, 15 Napoleonic Wars in, xviii Russia in, xviii Tolstoy, L., in, xix-xx, 225 Weyrother, Franz von leadership of, 248, 250, 253-54 reputation of, 250-51, 626η.29 strategy of, 242—43, 246, 251 Whitworth, Charles, 164-65 Wilhelmina Carolina (princess), 152-53 Wilhelmina IX of Hesse-Kassel, 15 2-5 3 Wilkinson, William, 646Ո.27 Wilson, Robert, xviii, 355 Alexander I and, 430, 493-94, 500, 722η.52 Bennigsen and, 361-62 criticism from, 476-77, 709Ո.35, 719-20Ո.19 France to, 469 heroes to, 475 Löwenstern and, 477-78 memoirs of, 705Ո.104, 722Ո.53 observations of, 367-68, 370-71, 442, 448, 452, 462, 494, 500-1 relationship with, 441-42, 450-51, 462-65 reputation of, 443, 492-93 war to, 489 Yermolov and, 457-58 winter military in, 273 in Poland, 272 in Russia, 141 to soldiers, 68—69 in war, 219-20 Wintzingerode, Ferdinand Karl Friedrich, 186, 191,193, 231-32,
233, 600Ո.15, 620Ո.24 Wittgenstein, Peter, 348-49, 369, 469, 473, 480 Bonaparte to, 485-86 Chichagov and, 473, 481, 484-85, 498 Clausewitz and, 485 leadership of, 481-82, 505 in pursuit, 486-87, 503 relationship with, 482, 716Ո.36 reputation of, 488, 494-95 service of, 502, 724Ո.2 Steinheil and, 480-81 to Yermolov, 723Ո.62 “The Wolf in the Kennel” (Krylov), 445 Wolzogen, Ludwig von, 398-99, 470-71 women, affairs with, 300-5 Wordsworth, William, 82 World War I, 511-12, 727Ո.47 World War II, xx, 517 Wrede, Karl Philipp von, 608Ո.87 Württemberg, Eugene de, 368, 412, 414, 441-42, 479, 678Ո.96, 695Ո.82 Wylie, James, 260-61, 504 xenophobia, 357, 407 Yablochkin, Yu., 6-7, 526η.18 Yadegar Mohammad of Kazan, 524Ո.9 Yağlıkçızade Mehmet Emin Pasha, 28 Yashvil, Vladimir, 164-65
INDEX I 789 Yermolov, Alexey, 246-47, 252, 259, 39192 437-յ8 Bagration and, 622Ո.35 Barclay de Tolly and, 439-40 in cluster, 678Ո.95 criticism from, 476, 491 Dokhturov and, 458 leadership of, 391-92, 458 memoirs of, 692Ո.59, 693η.68 Miloradovich and, 451-52 after Napoleonic Wars, 510 observations of, 191, 209-10, 214-15, 390-91, 412, 413-14, 420, 426-28, 450-51, 469, 484-85 Platov and, 713η.35 in politics, 494-95 reinforcements for, 459-60 relationship with, 449-50, 476-77 reputation of, 364 in service, 449 soldiers to, 378, 381 Toll and, 440, 717Ո.51 Uvarov and, 414 Wilson and, 457-58 Wittgenstein to, 723η.62 Yorck, Johann von, 497 Yusuf Pasha, 283, 298, 307-8 Yusupov, Boris Grigoryevich, 133 Yusupov, Felix, 512 Yusupov, I., 644-45Ո.8 Zakrevskii, Arsenii, 347, 355-56, 443-44 Zass, Andrey, 305, 311, 320-21, 328, 653η.10 Zemtsov, V, 519 Zherebtsova, Olga, 165 Zhilin, Pavel, 171-72, 518-19, 718Ո.3, 732Ո.42, 732Ո.44 Zhirkevich, Ivan, 140-41, 246-47 Zhukov, Georgi, xx-xxi Zolotov, Feldfebel, 684-85Ո.47 Zorich, Semyon, 568-69Ո.22 Zotov, Rafail, 487-88 Zubov, Nikolai, 164-65, 167 Zubov, Platon, 141-44, 164-65, 167 Zubov, Valerian, 174-75 Bayerisch Staatsbibliothek į |
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CONTENTS List of Maps ix Acknowledgments Author’s Note Prologue xi xiii xvii PART I CHAPTER I A Boy from Pskov Province, 1747-1762 CHAPTER 2 The Masters and the Apprentice, 1763—1771 CHAPTER 3 At Death’s Door, 1772-1785 CHAPTER 4 “An Eagle from the Lofty Flock,” 1786-1789 CHAPTER 5 “The Gutters Dyed with Blood,” 1790 CHAPTER 6 “The Glorious Hero of Macin,” 1791-1792 3 20 39 50 64 82 PART II CHAPTER 7 The Envoy of Her Imperial Majesty, 1793 CHAPTER 8 At the Court of the Sultan, 1794 97 113 CHAPTER 9 Military Philosophe and Courtier, 1794-1797 CHAPTER 10 The Wrathful Czar, 1796-1801 CHAPTER 11 Walking the Tightrope, 1801-1804 146 168 133
Vill I CONTENTS PART III CHAPTER 12 Confronting Napoleon, 1805 CHAPTER 13 “The Glorious Retreat” CHAPTER 14 The Tale of Two Ruses CHAPTER 15 The Eclipse of Austerlitz 183 206 226 237 PART IV CHAPTER 16 The Wilderness Years, 1806—1808 267 CHAPTER 17 The Carnage on the Danube, 1809 278 CHAPTER l8 Call to Arms, 1810—1811 295 CHAPTER 19 The Master of War, 1811 319 CHAPTER 20 Between War and Peace, January—June 1812 PART V CHAPTER 2 I The Fateful Year CHAPTER 22 The Road to Borodino CHAPTER 23 The Hollow Victory CHAPTER 24 The Torrent and the Sponge 405 CHAPTER 25 “The Old Fox of the North” 424 CHAPTER 26 The Turning Point CHAPTER 27 “The Golden Bridge” CHAPTER 28 The Chase CHAPTER 29 The Great Escape CHAPTER 30 The Last Campaign 345 361 383 446 455 466 480 Epilogue 509 Notes 521 Select Bibliography Index 757 497 735 332
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbreviations CIOIDR: Chteniya v Imperatorskom Obschestve Istorii i Dvenostei Rossiiskikh General Staff Archives՛. Otechestvennaya voina 1812 goda. Materiały Voenno-Uchebnogo Arkhiva Glavnoga Shtaba. 21 volumes. St. Petersburg: Voen.-uchen. Kom. Gl. Shtaba, 1905-1914. Journal of the Outgoing Correspondence of the Commander in Chief. Podrobnyi zhumal iskhodyashikh bumag Sobstvennoi kantselyarii Glavnokomandyushego Soedinennymi Armiyami General-Feldmarshala Knyazya Kutuzova-Smolenskago v 1812 godu, ed ited by V. Nikolskii and N. Polikarpov. In Trudy Moskovskago otdela imperatorskago Russkago Voenno-istoricheskago obschestva, volume II (Moscow: Tip. Shtaba Moskov. Voen. Okruga, 1912). The Kutuzov Papers՛. “Arkhiv knyazya Μ. I. Golenischeva-Kutuzova Smolenskogo 1745-1813 gg.” In Russkaya starina, 1870—1872. Proceedings of the Committee of Ministers: Zhurnaly Komiteta ministrov, 1810—1812 gg. St. Petersburg: V. Bezobrazov, 1891. PSZ: Polnoe sobrante zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii r 1649 goda. 45 volumes. St. Petersburg: Tip. II Otd. Sobstv. Ego Imperat. Velichestva Kantselyarii, 1830. RGADA: Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents, Moscow. RGVIA: Russian State Military Historical Archives, Moscow. SIRIO: Sborník Imperatorskago russkago istoricheskago obschestva. 148 volumes. St. Petersburg, 1867-1916. TIRVIO: Trudy imperatorskogo Russkogo voenno-istoricheskogo obschestva. 7 volumes. St. Petersburg: Gr. Skachkov, 1909-1912. TSGIA: Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg. VPR: Vneshnaya politika Rossit XIX. I nochala XX veka; dokumenti Rossiiskogo
Ministerstva Inostrannikh del. Series i, 8 volumes. Moscow: Gos. izd. polit, lit., 1960—1995.
736 i SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Institutions Archives du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères Archives Nationales, Paris Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin Presidential Library Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg Institute of the Russian Literature (Pushkinskii Dom) of the Russian Academy of Sciences Lithuanian State Historical Archive National Digital Library of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation Nekrasov Central Library of Moscow Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents Russian State Library Russian State Military Historical Archive State Archive of the Pskov Region, Russia Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine Periodicals Gazette Nationale, ou Le Moniteur Universel Istoricheskii vestnik Istoricheskii, statisticheskii I geograficheskii zhurnal Otechestvennye zapiski Russkaya starina Russkii arkhiv Russkii invalid Sankt-Peterburgskie vedomosti Sborník imperatorskogo russkogo istoricheskogo obshhestva Severnaya pochta Syn Otechestva The Times (London) Vestnik Evropy Voenno-Istoricheskii vestnik Voennyi sborník Kutuzov’s Private Correspondence “Arkhiv knyazya M. I. Golenischeva-Kutuzova Smolenskogo 1745-1813 gg.” Russkaya starina 3 (1870): 249-258; 11 (1870): 498-514; 1 (1871): 49-60; 2 (1871): 201-204; 2 (1872): 257-269; 5 (1872): 647-660, 698-705. “Dva pis’ma general-majora Mikhaila Illarionovicha Golenischeva-Kutuzova Smolenskogo.” Zapiski imp. Odesskogo о-va istorii i drevnostei, 1881, XXII, t. 12,486. Fel’dmarshal-general M.I. Kutuzov. Pis’ma, zapiski, eds. N.I. Ryazanov and N. Shakhmagonov (Moscow: Voen. Izd. 1989). “Iz lichnoj perepiski (1811-1813
gg·)·” Znamya 5 (1948): 89-120.
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New York: Macmillan, 1913. Adams, Michael. Napoleon and Russia. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2006. Aksan, Virginia H. An Ottoman Statesman in War and Peace: Ahmed Resmi Efendi, 1700-1781. Leiden: Brill, 1995. Aksan, Virginia H. Ottoman Wars, 1700-1870: An Empire Besieged. New York: Pearson, 2007. Alexander, John T. Catherine the Great: Life and Legend. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Alombert, Paul Claude. Campagne de ľan 14 (1805): Le corps d’armée aux ordres du maréchal Mortier. Combat de Dürrenstein. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1897. Alombert, Paul Claude, and Jean Lambert Alphonse Colin. La Campagne de 1805 en Allemagne. Paris: R. Chapelot, 1902. Altschuler, Roman. “Kutuzov как vœnnyi pedagog—Direktor Kadetskogo Korpusa. ” In Voprosy voennoi istorii Rossit XVIII ipervoipoloviny XIX veka, 251—262. Moscow, 1969.
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754 I SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Troyat, Henry. Alexander of Russia: Napoleon’s Conqueror. London: New English Library, 1984. Tselorungo, Dmitri. Ofitsery Russkoi armii—uchastniki Borodinskogo srazheniya. Moscow: Kalita, 2002. Tuchkov, Sergei. Zapiski Sergeya Alekseyevicha Tuchkova. St. Petersburg, 1908. Uxkull, Boris von. Arms and the Woman·. The Diaries of Baron Boris von Uxkull, 1812-1819. London, 1966. Vaľkovich, A. Zolotoi vek Rossiiskoi gvardii. 2 volumes. Moscow, 2010. Vandal, Albert. Napoleon et Alexandre ter: l'alliance russe sous le ter Empire. 3 volumes. Paris: Plon-Nourrit, 1894-1897. Vasil’chikov, Alexander. Les Razoumowski. Tome II. Le Comte André Razoumowski. Deuxième partie, 1801-1806. Halle: Tausch Grosse, 1893. Vasiliev, A. “Boi pri Shengrabene.” Imperator 9 (2006): 41-49. Vasiliev, A. “Srazhenie za Maloyaroslavets 12 oktyabrya 1812 goda.” In Ot tarutino do Maloyaroslavtsa: k 190-letiyu Maloyaroslavetskago srazheniya. Kaluga: Zolotaya Alleya, 2002. http://www.museum.ru/1812/Library/Mmnk/2002_9.html. Viskovatov, A. Kratkaya istoriya i-go kadetskoga korpusa. St. Petersburg, 1832. Vladimirov, V. Kak Kutuzov prognal frantsuzov i za ehto Suvorov khvalil ego Ekaterine. Moscow: Vako, 2016. Voenskii, K. Otechestvennaya voina 1812 g. v pis’makh sovremennikov. Materiały Voenno֊ uchenogo arkhiva. St. Petersburg, 1911. Voenskii, K. Priezd Loristona k Kutuzovu v Tarutinskii lager’ 21 sentyabrya 1812 g. Neizdannoe pis’mo ochevidtsa. Petrograd, 1915. Voina 1813 goda. Materiały voenno-uchenogo arkhiva, 3 volumes. St. Petersburg: Otd. general-kvartirmeistera Gl. upr. general’nogo
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INDEX For the benefit of digital users, indexed terms that span two pages (e.g,, 52-53) may, on occasion, appear on only one of those pages. Note: Page references followed by a “t” indicate table; “f’ indicate figure. Abalykhin, Boris, 718Ո.3 Abdul Hamid Efendi, 309 Abdulhamid I (sultan), 44-45 Abdul Hamid I (sultan), 47-48 Adams, Charles Francis, 673η.32, 729η.59 Adams, John Quincy, 350-51, 404, 425֊ 26, 453։ 494 in diplomacy, 644-45Ո.8 memoirs of, 723Ո.68 reputation with, 698η.5 adultery, 300-5 Aegerström, Fedor, 175 affairs, 300-5 Age of Reason, 80-81 Agha, Boşnak, 315-16 Ahmed Cevdet, 84-85 Ahmed Pasha authority of, 309, 330-31 in battle, 315-16, 330-31 diplomacy with, 313-14, 329, 331 leadership of, 37-38, 322, 327 strategy of, 318, 320-21, 322 Ahmed Resmi Efendi, 32-33, 35 Ainslie, Robert, 122-23 Akhsharumov, Dmitri, 514 Akimov, D., 642Ո.44 Alexander I, 165, 167 Austria and, 653Ո.3 authority of, 282, 284, 310, 316-17, 333-35- 348-49, 437-38,445,480, 501-2, 503, 653-54Ո.15, 726Ո.23 Barclay de Tolly and, 355-56, 358-59, 470-71, 484-85, 669Ո.59, 671-72Ո.20 benevolence of, 510-11 Bennigsen and, 172 Bonaparte and, 183-84, 244-45, 247, 320, 335-36, 342, 434֊зб, 637Ո.49 Chichagov and, 337—38, 494, 661П.32 correspondence with, бобп.63, 608Ո.87, 608Ո.89, 614Ո.52, 618Ո.89, 62in.32, 631Ո.97, 631П.102, 724Ո.4 criticism of, 488 to Czartoryski, 242 Denmark to, 183 diplomacy of, 189-90 family of, 595Ո.104, 599Ո.3 France to, 347, 469 Francis and, 217-18, 238, 240 Frederick William HI and, 502 in history, 504-5, 515 Kochubey and, 58ın.93 Kutuzov, Catherine (wife) and, 510-11
leadership of, 246, 252, 258, 330, 480-81, 628η.49 military of, 188-89 Moscow to, 498-99
758 i INDEX Alexander I (cont.) Murat and, 373 Naryshkin, Μ., and, 470-71 Ottoman Empire to, 310 Pahlen and, 168-69 Prozorovskii and, 291, 293-94, 643Ո.65 Prussia to, 208, 237 psychology of, 240-43, 257, 261, 276, 435-36, 669Ո.61 public opinion and, 490-94, 495-96, 500, 722η.53 relationship with, 171-74,195-96, 209, 225, 232, 238-39, 245, 254-56, 26263, 267-69, 276-77, 350-51, 359, 363-64, 371-72, 403-4, 4i8 427-շ8, 433-34, 443-44, 453֊54, 497֊98, 504-5, 506-7, 614Ո.56, 6t8n-90, 659-60Ո.14 reputation of, 168-71, 239, 262-63, 358-59, 509-ю reserve forces to, 675Ո.56 Rostopchin and, 418-19, 689η.9 Savary and, 245 service to, 174-77 in society, 346-47 strategy of, 2x 1-і2, 298-99 Sweden and, 185 war to, 184, 498-99 wealth of, 268-69 Wilson and, 430, 493-94, 500, 722η.52 Alexander II, 511 Alexander Nevskii, 3-4, 506 Alexandra Pavlovna (grand duchess), 585-86Ո.47 Ali Bey, 67-68 Ali Pasha, 275 ambassadorship. See diplomacy Amherst, Jeffery, 53-54 ammunition, 405-6 ancestry, 3-7 Angeli, Franz, 110-11, 123-24 Angeli, Moritz von, 609Ո.99 Anhalt, Friedrich von, 133, 134-35, 13637, 140-41. 144 Anhalt, Victor Amadeus, 60 Anna (empress), 27 Anna loanovna (empress), 133-34, 169 Anna Petrovna, 62 Arakcheyev, Aleksey, 239, 356-57, 443-44, 470-71, 639η. 13 aristocracy czars to, 13 in Europe, 43-44 nobility and, 8, 10 serfs and, 10 Armistice of Slobozia, 278, 282 Army of Moldavia, 647η.52 in battle, 315-17 leadership of, 278-81, 300-5, 309-14, 317-18, 663Ո.52 provisions for, 283-84, 305-9 reputation of, 291-92 strategy with, 658Ո.75 Army of Podolia challenges of, 198-202, 243 as First Army,
186-87, 188-90, 218 leadership of, 190-96, 218-19 success of, 215-16, 237 Arndt, Ernst Moritz, 491-92 Artels, 603η.31 Art of Victory (Suvorov), 20-21 The Art of Victory (Longworth), 532-33Ո.1 assassination, 164-67, 168-69, 171-72, 184, 594η.100 Assembly of the Nobility, 349-50 Astrakhanskii Infantry Regiment, 19, 20-21, 23, 532Ո.87, 533Ո.3 Âtıfzade Ömer Vahid Efendi, 57in.47 Auersperg, Karl Joseph Franz von, 227 Auffenberg, Franz Xaver von, 199 Augustus III, 22 Austria. See also specific topics Alexander I and, 653Ո.3 Bagration and, 231, 623Ո.42 Bonaparte and, 193, 216-17, 282, 291, 600Ո.8, 619Ո.9 Britain and, 161-62, 269, 469 diplomacy in, 227-28, 512-13 to Elisabeth Alexeyevna, 633η. 123 France and, 64, 157-58, 185, 199, 21617, 218-19, 226-30, 235-36, 261, 579Ո.78, 639Ո.13 Germany and, 269, 469, 503 Joseph II of, 54-55, 64 Josias of, 65 Leopold of, 64 military of, 626Ո.28 Murat in, 227-28 Ottoman Empire and, 226 Poland and, 486
INDEX Prussia and, 97, 98, 109—10, 124-2 5, 129, 150, 498 reputation in, 494 Russia and, 26-27, 159-60, 186-99, 202-5, 209-10, 211, 216-18, 23743, 249-52, 260-61, 481, 602η.28 sacrifices by, 211 in Second Coalition War, 157-58, 16061, 185, 242-43 strategy of, 212 to Suvorov, 159-60 time in, 43-44 War of the Austrian Succession, 26-27 war to, 242-43, 259 d’Autichamp, Jean-François de Beaumont, 160-61 Aydoslu Mehmed Pasha, 67-68, 77-78 Babadag, 87-88, 561η.19, 566η.51 Baggovut, Karl Gustav von, 450-51, 692-93Ո.62 Bagration, Peter, xviii-xix, 60, 195--96 Austria and, 231, 623Ո.42 Barclay de Tolly and, 364, 376-77 in battle, 230, 250, 390-91 celebration of, 404 in cluster, 678Ո.95 correspondence with, 629Ո.65 Cossacks and, 229-30 death of, 439-40, 696η. 106 escape by, 234 frustration of, 370 injuries of, 401-2, 678Ո.96 Lannes and, 255 leadership of, 207, 246, 249-50, 298, 354-55 Miloradovich and, 235-36, 242-43, 613Ո.44 Murat and, 620η.27 observations of, 389-90 to Olry, 628Ո.56 Parkinson on, 619η. 17 Prozorovskii to, 291-92 psychology of, 378 reinforcements for, 214-15, 387-88, 391-92 relationship with, 378-79, 438 reports from, 389, 613Ո.38, 619-20Ո.18, 623Ո.44 reputation of, 230, 353, 356-57, 387-88 I 759 Rostopchin and, 690η. 31 sacrifice of, 232-33, 234 service of, 362-63, 373, 388-89, 622η.36 soldiers to, 381 strategy of, 210-11, 214, 400-1, 432-33 surrender to, 419-20 Tuchkov, N., and, 390 Yermolov and, 622η.35 Balashev, Alexander, 356-57, 470-71 Balkans, 109 Balmain, Antoine de, 48-49 Balyabin, Stepan, 432-33 Barclay de Tolly, Mikhail, xiv, 60, 317, 323, 334-35, 378
Alexander I and, 355-56, 358-59,470-71, 484-85, 669Ո.59, 671-72Ո.20 Bagration and, 364, 376-77 in battle, 347, 354-55, 400 Bennigsen and, 379, 388-89, 415-16, 427, 500, 677η.83 Bonaparte to, 398-99 celebration of, 404 in cluster, 678Ո.95 correspondence with, 654Ո.22, 655Ո.29, 686Ո.85 in diplomacy, 672Ո.23 Dokhturov and, 412-13, 414 leadership of, 346-47, 352, 354, 355-56, 387 Mikhailovskii-Danilevskii on, 439 on Moscow, 674η. 5 2 Napoleonic Wars and, 510, 522Ո.7 Niebuhr on, 664η.3 observations of, 366, 386-87, 394-95, 405, 692η.54 preparation by, 361, 367, 383-84 promotions of, 667Ո.33 psychology of, 365-66 Rayevskii on, 363-64 relationship with, 368, 387, 399-400, 413-14, 416-17, 438, 649-50Ո.79, 725Ո.15 reputation of, 352-53, 355, 357-58, 367-68, 397, 416, 420-21, 437-38, 439 5ϊ4 522-23n.11 resignation of, 440 Rostopchin and, 418 service of, 362-64, 371-72, 378 soldiers to, 405
7бо I INDEX Barclay de Tolly, Mikhail {cont.) strategy of, 432-33 surrender to, 413, 415 Yermolov and, 439-40 Barozzi, Ivan, in-12, 122-23, 319-20 Barrau, Pierre-Armand, 455 Baskakov, Nikolai, 523-24Ո.7 Bassewitz, Henning Friedrich von, 11-12 battle maps, 380/ Battle of Trafalgar, 244 Batyushkov, Konstancin, 416 Bauer, Wilhelm in battle, 537Ո.53 in Russo-Ottoman War, no-11 service under, 29, 30, 31-32, 35 Baur, Karl Fedorovich, 176 Beauharnais, Eugène de, 386-88, 397, 466-67, 474, 475 Beauretour, Alexandre Michaud de, 424-25, 435 Beauvollier, Pierre-Louis de, 454 Bedrinskaya, Anna (mother), 6-8 Bedrinskaya, Praskovya (maternal grandmother), 8 Bedrinskii, Illarion (maternal grandfather), 6-7 Bennigsen, Levin Alexander I and, 172 ambition of, 438, 440, 450-51, 453-54 in assassination, 164-65, 167 Barclay de Tolly and, 379, 388-89, 41516, 427, 500, 677Ո.83 Bonaparte and, 272-73 consultation with, 481 criticism from, 477-78, 710Ո.45 in diplomacy, 273-74 leadership of, 207-8, 356-57, 414-16, 429 Löwenstern and, 463 memoirs of, 418, 693Ո.68 Miloradovich and, 450, 700Ո.28 after Napoleonic Wars, 510 observations of, 378, 402 psychology of, 365 reconnaissance from, 463 relationship with, 60, 364-65, 430, 438, 439, 448, 452-53, 464-65, 671Ո.5, 672η.23 reputation of, 413-14, 451-52 Rostopchin and, 438 scholarship on, 60 in. 17 service of, 186-87, 370-71, 450 staff of, 448 strategy of, 449 support for, 411 Toll and, 371-72, 449, 477-78 Wilson and, 361—62 Berg, Gregor von attitude of, 191, 199-200, 605Ո.47, 605Ո.50 observations of, 212-13, 255 in service, 252, 255-56 Bernadotte, Jean
Baptiste, 358-59 Berthier, Louis-Alexandre, xviii-xix, 216-17, 428-29, 706Ո.4 Beshentsova, Praskovya (paternal grandmother), 6-7 Beskrovnyi, Liubomir, 518-19, 526Ո.21, 718Ո.3 Bessières, Jean Baptiste, 397-98, 429-30 Betskoi, Ivan, 133-34, 135 Bezborodko, Alexander, 97-98,131 Bezotosnyi, Viktor, 519 Bezsonov, Ivan, 369-70 Bibikova, Agrafena, 555η.59 Bibikova, Alexander, 555η.59 Bibikova, Catherine. See Kutuzov, Catherine (wife) Bibikova, Ilya, 46 Biot, Hubert, 447 birth records, 7, 526Ո.19, 526η.21, 527Ո.24 Black Sea, 659Ո.9, 663η.54 Black Sea Cossacks, 562-63Ո.29 Blücher, Gebhard Leberecht von, xviii-xix, 502 Bogdan, Gotthard Johann, 470-71 Bogdanov, Dementii, 372-73 Bogdanovich, Modest, 383-84, 515, 678Ո.92, 731Ո.23 Bogoslovskaya, Lyubov, 526η.22 Bolgovskii, Dmitri, 455, 458 Bolotov, Andrei, 8 Bonammy, Charles-August, 391-92 Bonaparte, Napoleon, xviii-xix Alexander I and, 183-84, 244-45, 247, 320, 335-36, 342, 434-36, 637Ո.49 ammunition and, 405-6 Austria and, 193, 216-17, 282, 291, 600Ո.8, 619Ո.9 to Barclay de Tolly, 398-99 in battle, 234, 256-57 Bennigsen and, 272-73
INDEX I 761 to Britain, 184-85 Caulaincourt and, 483—84, 706Ո.4 chasing, 469-72, 497-504 Chernyshev and, 652Ո.104 Chichagov and, 480-81, 485, 494-96, 719-20Ո.19 communication with, 236, 420 confrontation with, 368-69 containment of, 411-12 to Council of War, 247-48, 250 defeat of, 509, 514 destruction by, 497-98 diplomacy with, 150-53, 184-85, 228, 230-33, 245, 246-49, 258, 283, 335, 359.443-45 escape of, 487-88, 494-95, 515 to Europe, 269, 305-6, 493, 497 failure of, 192-216, 475-79, 498 fame of, 494, 506 flying detachments for, 473-74 to France, 407 Francis and, 228 Frederick William HI and, 497 Germany and, 183 in history, 487, 521-22Ո.6, 522-23n.11 ideology of, 407 intelligence on, 201, 203, 251, 354-59, 366, 455, 488, 628Ո.49, 711П.13 jagers to, 375, 387 leadership of, 215, 373, 385, 393, 400-1, 459-02 Mack von Leiberich and, 204-5, 609Ո.96 Mortier and, 224-25 Moscow to, 402—3, 421-23, 434-36, 454, 689-90Ո.18 Murat and, 228, 233, 428-30, 447, 614Ո.47, 620Ո.20 observations of, 396-97 Ottoman Empire and, 274—76 in Poland, 501 policy with, 402-3, 408-9, 415-16, 429, 436-45, 446-47, 462-65, 499-500, 719-20Ո.19 in politics, 489 prisoners of war from, 163-64, 218-19 propaganda by, 262, 400 Prussia and, 194-95 psychology of, 238, 340-41, 351, 368, 384-85, 393-94, 400-3, 489-90, 627Ո.38 reconnaissance by, 374-76, 473 reinforcements for, 248-49, 399 religion and, 689η. 14 reputation with, 231, 263, 366-67, 368, 372, 374-75, 426-31, 454, 697n.n1, 706η. I IO in retreat, 488-90 rise of, 128-29 Rostopchin on, 404 Russia and, 162-63, 183-89, 210-13, 235-36, 336-37, 345-47, З51-5З,
363-64, 377, 383-85, 397-98, 404, 406-7, 416-17 to Selim III, 275-76 setbacks for, 466-68, 472-75, 483-87 soldiers of, 394, 401-2 to Soviet Russia, 517-19 to Stalin, xx strategy of, 187-88, 189, 194-95, 196֊ 97, 199, 215-18, 226-28, 244-45, 246-48, 255-59, 324, 334-35, 35455, 360, 375-76, 387, 395-40°, 455, 699η. x i success of, 203, 204-5, 206-9, 24I_43 257-58, 259-62, 280-81,401 supplies for, 427-28, 433-34 Turks to, 318, 331 to United States, 701η.34 victory over, 237-43 war against, 364-65, 366-70, 372-74, 392-95 weather to, 383, 471 in Western culture, xix to Wittgenstein, 485-86 Borozdin, Mikhail, 460 Boswell, James, xxi Bouquet, Henry, 53-54 Bradke, Georg von, 304 Bradley, Omar, 517 Bragin, Mikhail, 525-26Ո.17 Britain Austria and, 161—62, 269, 469 in Battle of Trafalgar, 244 Bonaparte to, 184-85 Bucharest to, 300-1 Catherine II to, 84 diplomacy with, 148, 668Ո.50 Dutch Republic and, 124-25 Europe and, 262 France and, 109-10, 162, 447-48 history in, xviii military of, 53-54, 545n.11
762 I INDEX Britain (cont.) in Napoleonic Wars, 464-65, 558Ո.92 news in, 564η.45 Norway and, 164 Paul I to, 184 Platov in, 303-4 policy in, 592Ո.77 Prussia and, 17-18, 84 reputation in, 268-69, 490-91, 507, 602η.24 Russia and, 59, 77-78, 88, 162-63, 36162, 561Ո.23, 593Ո.88 Spain and, 84 Sweden and, 163-64, 244, 337-38 war with, 337 Broers, Michael, 521-22Ո.6 Bronevskii, Semen, 236 Broussier, Jean-Baptiste, 457 Bruce, Yakov, 5 36η. 36 Bruyère, Jean de La, 142 Bucholtz, Ο., 678η.95 Bugeaud, Robert, 224 Bug Jäger Corps in battle, 50-52, 53-55, 56-61, 62-63, 65 with Cossacks, 88 divisions in, 75-76, 83 at Izmail, 74 leadership of, 549η.6, 554-55Ո.55, 559Ո.2, 562-63Ո.29, 563η.37 to Potemkin, G., 66 Bulatov, Mikhail, 322, 654Ո.22 Bulgakov, Alexander, 418-19, 437-38, 665Ո.10 Bunina, A., 721-22Ո.40 bureaucracy military, 137 to Paul I, 147 in politics, 573Ո.75 Butenev, Apolinarii, 390-91 Butovskii, Ivan, 195-96 Buturlin, Dmitri, 514-15 Buxhöwden, Friedrich Wilhelm, 186-87, 228-29, 235, 236, 250-51, 253-54, 257 Bykov, Ivan, 137 Byron, George Gordon, 70, 79 Cadet Corps age in, 582η. 15 appointment to, 133-36 family in, 530Ո.63, 535Ո.31 leadership of, 589Ո.26 to Paul I, 149 reform of, 138-45, 583-84Ո.32, 584Ո.38 reputation with, 136-38 Toll in, 365-66 wealth of, 137-38, 584η.34 Caillard, Antoine Bernard, 150-51 Callières, François de, 119-20 Canada, 17-18 Cardinal Laws, 97 Castelnau, Gabriel de, 550η.10, 557-58Ո.89 casualties, 79-80 Cathcart, George, 668-69Ո.53 Catherine (grand duchess), 356, 406-7, 435-36, 493-94, 498-99 Catherine II (Catherine the Great) authority of, 532Ո.87 to
Britain, 84 correspondence with, 127-30 in coup, 19 death of, 146-49, 337-38 in diplomacy, 97-98, no, 118-19, 126-27 education to, 135-36 France to, 121 imperialism to, 66, 79-80 leadership of, 45, 47-48, 55-56, 99, 100, 122, 13í, 577Ո.44 legacy of, 165, 173, 270-71 Ottoman Empire and, 27 Poland and, 22-23, 24, 142-43, *77 Potemkin, G., and, 45-46, 54-55, 57, 60-61, 68-69, 547-480.38, 563η.33 Pushkin on, 143 recognition from, 5-6 reconnaissance for, 568Ո.10 reform after, 146-49 relationship with, 532Ո.83, 559Ո.98, 569Ո.25, 574Ո.3, 580η.80 reputation with, 43, 55, 81, 92-93, 98100, 109-10, 141 Rostopchin to, 141-42 Sinel’nikov on, 533Ո.6 support for, 107, 108 Sweden to, 97 Voltaire and, 509 war to, 36-37
INDEX I 763 Caulaincourt, Armand-Auguste de, 395-96, 446-47, 461-62, 483-84, 7ο6η·4, 7ο6η·5 Caulaincourt, Auguste-Jean de, 395-97 cavalry, 31, 33-34, 87, 699Ո.8 censorship, 148-49 Central Asia, 516-17 Chambray, Georges de, 385, 405-6, 673Ո.35 Chandler, David, 602η.28 Charles (archduke) communication with, 229 Francis and, 210 leadership of, 158, 185, 187-88, 189, 236 relationship with, 2 r i strategy of, 207-8, 237 Vienna to, 210-11 Charles Frederick (of Baden), 599η. 3 Charles Louis (of Baden), 599η. 3 Chernyshev, Gregory, 69, 551Ո.15, 65 2Ո.104, 660Ո.18, 664η.3 Chertkov, V., 543Ո.41 Chichagov, Paul Alexander I and, 337-38, 494, 661П.32 Bonaparte and, 480-81, 485, 494-96, 719-20Ո.19 criticism of, 487-88, 491 in diplomacy, 662Ո.39, 663Ո.49 to Langeron, 484 leadership of, 480, 486, 718η.7 to Maistre, J., 661Ո.30 Oertel and, 481-82, 718Ո.8 relationship with, 339-41, 342, 482, 689-90Ո.18 reputation of, 338-39, 482-83, 484, 486, 661Ո.34, 719Ո.13 service of, 369, 469, 486-87, 724η.2 in Ukraine, 427 Wittgenstein and, 47 3, 481, 484-85, 498 Chicherin, Alexander, 423, 448, 478, SB-H Chikhacheva, Natalya, 524η. 11 childhood education in, 12-15 family in, 7-11, 529η.54 military in, 14-17 Choiseul, Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de, 103, 107-8, 722Ո.53, 722-23Ո.56 Christoph von Münnich, Burkhard, 14-15, 19 Chuikevich, Peter, бббп.30 Clausewitz, Carl von in history, 518 after Napoleonic Wars, 510 observations of, 362-63, 383-84, 39495, 399-400,405, 479, 687Ո.90 soldiers to, 393, 398, 473 strategy of, 370, 371-72, 401, 676Ո.73 Wittgenstein and, 485 Cobenzl, Johann Ludwig Joseph Graf von,
148, 187-88, 198, 204-5 Colbert, Édouard, 615Ո.63 colonialism, 17-18 combat training, 53 The Commander (Josselson, Μ., and Josselson, D.), 522Ո.7 communism, 516—19 Compans, Jean Dominique, 387—88, 460 compensation, 78-79 Constantine (grand duke), 154, 170-71, 237, 251, 296, 355-56, 5θ4η·34 Constantine Pavlovich (grand duke), 176 Convention of Tauroggen, 497, 501-2 Corvinus, Matthias, 226 Cossacks assistance from, 54-55, 62-63, 65-66, 77,85-86, 313,432-33 Bagration and, 229-30 in battle, 379 Black Sea, 562-63Ո.29 Bug Jäger Corps with, 88 Davout and, 466-67 Efremov with, 699Ո.8 in Finland, 585Ո.46 flying detachments and, 447, 474-7 5, 484 France and, 244-45, 442, 460-61 jägers and, 74-75,77֊78, 98, 3*5 leadership of, 559Ո.2, 679Ո.102 loyalty of, 452-53 Mongols and, 550Ո.8 in Moscow, 418, 426-27 with Murat, 428 in Ottoman Empire, 562Ո.25 on patrol, 713η. 36 Platov with, 393-94, 405-6, 466-67, 498 reputation of, 70, 373, 431, 443
764 I INDEX Cossacks (cont.) scouting by, 363 with serfs, 45 service of, 458, 560Ո.9 strategy with, 714Ո.3 Turks and, 102-3 from Ukraine, 26 volunteers and, 74 Council Code, 9-10 Council of War appointment to, 268-69 authority of, 27, 31-32 Bonaparte to, 247-48, 250 Dokhturov in, 458 in literature, xix military and, 69, 207-8 Moscow to, 414-18 Platov in, 290-91 pursuit to, 470-71 to Suvorov, 70 Crimea, 524Ո.9 Russia and, no-11, 125-26 service in, 40-42 Tatars from, 70, 77-78 Ukraine and, 54-55, 270 Crimean Tatars, 30-31, 32-34, 40-41, 47-48 Crimean War, 541Ո.19 Crossard, Jean Baptiste de, 411, 413-14 Cross of St. George, 404 culture. See also Western culture in Germany, 269 heroes in, xx-xxi, 362 of Istanbul, 115-19 literature and, 225, 638η.55 in nobility, 12, 295-96 of Ottoman Empire, 557Ո.81 patronage, 173-74 of Russia, 133-34, 368, 409-10 of Turks, 106, 123 currency, in Russia, xiii-xiv Czaplic, Yefim, 486 czars. See also specific czars to aristocracy, 13 authority of, 164-65, 169, 267-69, 376-77 diplomacy of, 333-34 to high society, 169 history of, 5 military and, 348-51, 364 mistresses of, 470-71 politics of, 333, 494 psychology of, 403, 659η.11 religion and, 567η.6 in Russia, xiv sultans and, 336-37 wealth of, 635η. 12 in Western culture, 171-72 Czartoryski, Adam, 148-49, 164-65, 168 Alexander I to, 242 France to, 630Ո.82 observations of, 250-51, 257-58, 58788Ո.4, 630Ո.86 Razumovskii, A., and, 621Ո.30 relationship with, 604Ո.42, 609η.93 reputation of, 193-94 Dahl, Vladimir, 523-24Ո.7 Damas, Roger de, 60, 66-67, ՅՏշօ-Յ1 Damat Melek Mehmed Pasha, 113, 116-17 Davout,
Louis-Nicolas in battle, 212, 215-16, 254, 373, 38788, 390 Beauharnais and, 475 to Bogdanovich, 678η.92 Cossacks and, 466—67 Ney and, 405-6, 475-76 psychology of, 494 service of, 248, 255, 258, 374-75 strategy of, 375-76 Davydov, Denis, 354-55, 432-33, 476, 696Ո.106, 712η.20 Davydov, Ivan, 137 death of Bagration, 439-40, 696η. 106 of Catherine II, 146-49, 337-38 fame after, 509-11 family and, 505-6, 511-14 in history, 516-19 in literature, 515-16 of Peter the Great, 5 2 5η. 12 of Potemkin, G., 566Ո.51 public opinion of, 513-15 of Selim III, 276, 281-82 in service, 503-8 debt, 644-450.8 Decembrist Revolt, 509-10 Dedenev, Mikhail, 531Ո.77 Delzons, Alexis Joseph, 386-87, 459, 460 Denmark, 183
INDEX I 765 Derzhavin, Gavrila (Gregory), 79-80, 353, 495.513-14 Descorches, Marie Louis Henri, 125-26, 130 desertion, 33-34, 51-52, 67-68, 154, 562Ո.25, 695Ո.87 Diebitsch, Ivan, xiv diplomacy Adams, J. Q., in, 644-45Ո.8 with Ahmed Pasha, 313-14, 329, 331 of Alexander I, 189-90 in Austria, 227-28, 512-13 Barclay de Tolly in, 672Ո.23 Bennigsen in, 273-74 with Bonaparte, 150-53, 184-85, 228, 230-33. 245, 246-49. 25θ. 283, 335, 359, 443-45 with Britain, 148, 668Ո.50 Catherine II in, 97-98, no, 118-19, 126-27 Chichagov in, 662η. 39, 663Ո.49 of czars, 333-34 education in, 131 espionage in, 579η.78 in Europe, 98-99 with Finland, 587Ո.71 with France, 119-20, 126, 269, 335, 436-45, 620Ո.24 intelligence and, 62 in.32 in Istanbul, 113-15, 119-21, 125-30 with Italy, 709Ո.35 language in, 571Ո.49 with Lauriston, 441-43, 703Ո.65 with Lithuania, 524Ո.9 with Mahmud II, 283 military, 198-99, 570Ո.37 with Murat, 231-32 in Napoleonic Wars, 274-75 with Ottoman Empire, 100-12, 121-30, 175,334 of Paul I, 156-57, 160-Ճ4 religion and, 104, 340-41 reputation in, 119-20, 127-31, 169-71 with Russia, 100-12 in Russo-Ottoman War, 327-31 of Suvorov, 188-89 switch in, 130-31 tact in, 118, 120 treaties and, 345-46 Treaty of Jassy and, 658Ո.69 with Turkey, 333, 337-39 with Turks, 332-34, 660Ո.18 in Vienna, 62 in.30 of Vorontsov, S., 158-59 in war, 247 in Western culture, 119 Wintzingerode in, 600η. 15 diseases, 635-36Ո.17 Divov, Nikolai, 392 Djeżzar Pasha, 275 Dokhturov, Dmitri, 250-51, 356-57 Barclay de Tolly and, 412-13, 414 in battle, 199-200, 211-12, 220-21, 222-24 in Council of War, 458 leadership of,
222, 376-77, 459-60 Miloradovich and, 678Ո.96 after Napoleonic Wars, 510 observations of, 416, 440-41 psychology of, 419-20 reputation of, 693Ո.68 service of, 2II-I2, 220-21, 253-54, 257-58, 457-58, 612Ո.28 soldiers to, 238-39 Yermolov and, 458 Dolgorukov, Peter, 13, 239, 247-48, 260, 620Ո.24, 622Ո.38 Dolgorukov, Vasilii, 40, 41 Dolgorukov, Yuri, 57, 126-27 Domergue, Armand, 481-82 Don Juan (Byron), 70, 79 Dorokhov, Ivan, 432-33, 457, 702Ո.45 Dostoyevsky, Fedor, 638η.55 Dreyling, Johann von, 385-86 Dryden, John, 8-9 Dumas, Mathieu, 446, 664η.3 Dumonceau, François, 221 Dumont, Étienne, 178 Dupont, Pierre, 199, 221, 222-23 Durnovo, Nikolai, 448, 470 Duroc, Michel, 706Ո.4 Dushenkevich, Dmitri, 390-Г91 Dutch Republic, 43-44, 124-26 Dwyer, Philip, 521-22Ո.6 Ebié, Jean Baptiste, 486-87 education, 579Ո.70 accountability in, 136-38 in Cadet Corps, 133-36 to Catherine II, 135-36
J 66 I INDEX education (cont.) in childhood, 12-15 curriculum, 138 in diplomacy, 131 atJAENS, 14-19 language, 12-13, I34, 541-42Ա-27 reform in, 133-34, ΐ3θ-45 reputation in, 144-45 of soldiers, 139 success in, 531η.76 Efremov, I., 699Ո.8 Egypt, 275 Elisabeth (empress), 14-15, 17-18 Elisabeth Alexeyevna, 260-61, 508, 599η.3, 633Ո.123 Elisavetgrad, 102-4 elitism, 177-78 Elstone, Felix, 512 Engelhardt, Lev, 8-9, 91-92, 564-66Ո.47 Enlightenment in Europe, 23 Military, 51, 80-81, 133-34, 135-36, 171, 581-82Ո.5 philosophy of, 134 in Russia, 134-35 espionage. See also intelligence Chernyshev in, 664η. 3 in diplomacy, 579Ո.78 by Turks, 123-24 Essen, Alexander, II, 221, 237, 602-3Ո.29 Essen, Ivan von, I, 273 Essen, Peter von, III, 278-79, 284-85, 305, 320-21, 642Ո.44 Essen, Reinholt Wilhelm von, 37-38 Euler, Alexander, 476-77, 713Ո.36 Europe aristocracy in, 43-44 Bonaparte to, 269, 305-6,493, 497 Britain and, 262 diplomacy in, 98-99 Enlightenment in, 23 fame in, 514-15, 548Ո.40 France and, 150-53, 157-60, 183-89, 245, 464-65, 497-9θ, 509 French Revolutionary Wars in, 150-51 hegemony of, 121 history of, 26—27 Izmail to, 55in. 14 military in, 647Ո.43 modernity of, 148-49 Moscow and, 422 Napoleonic Wars and, xviii-xix, 345, 512 nobility in, 15 Ottoman Empire and, 116, 119 to Paul I, 161-62 Poland and, 125-27 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and, 109-10 politics in, 274-75 propaganda from, 126-27 reputation in, 505 Russia and, 11-12, 17-19, 189-90,435, 465 travel in, 43-44, 53-54 war in, 124-25, 127-29, 157-60 in World War Π, 517 evacuations, 652η.109 executions, 701Ո.41 exile of
Khitrovo, N. Z., 369-70, 501 in Kyiv, 269-74, 276-77 of Suvorov, 149, 156, 157-58 in Ukraine, 177-80 Fain, Agathon-Jean-François, 421 fame of Bonaparte, 494, 506 after death, 509-11 in Europe, 514-15, 548Ո.40 with Pushkin, 512-14 in Russia, xvii-xxi, 516-19 family of Alexander I, 595Ո.104, 599Ո.3 to Alexander II, 511 burials of, 728Ո.52 in Cadet Corps, 530Ո.63, 535Ո.31 in childhood, 7-11, 529η.54 concerns with, 154-55, 271-72 correspondence with, 332, 489, 501-2, 503-4, 640Ո.23 death and, 505-6, 511-14 Golenischev-Kutuzov, 3-7, 11, 13-14, 15-16 grandchildren, 154, 177-78 longing for, 640Ո.23 in Ottoman Empire, 120 Parkinson on, 541Ո.22 relationships with, 538Ո.64 of Rostopchin, 689η. 14 serfs with, 528Ո.43
INDEX I 767 time with, 64, 102-4, 139-40, 360 tragedy in, 73-74, 554 travel with, 104-5 war and, 369-70 Ferdinand (archduke), 207-8 leadership of, 201-2, 236, 237 reputation of, 187-88, 189, 203-4 Ferdinand Karl Joseph (archduke), 187-88 Fersen, Ivan von Hermann von, 157-58, 584Ո.34 Ficquelmont, Countess Darya, 271-72, 512-13 Ficquelmont, Karl Ludwig, 512-13 Figner, Alexander, 378, 432-33 Finland diplomacy with, 587η.71 in mediation, 274-75 Russia and, 139, 155-56, 585Ո.46 service in, 139, 154-55, T57~58 Sweden and, 139-40 firewood, 649η.70 Fleischman, John, 542Ո.30 Florinskii, Pavel, 17 flotillas of Ottoman Empire, 91 Ribas with, 66-67, 68-69, 71-72, 76, 86, 88 fluency, in language, xvii-xviii, 100-1, 120 flying detachments for Bonaparte, 473-74 Cossacks and, 447, 474-75, 484 harassment by, 714η.5 innovation with, 432-34 in Moscow, 456-57 prisoners of war from, 560η. 10 Fock, Alexander, 365 food in Ottoman Empire, 559-60Ո.6 regulations, 657Ո.64 shortages, 625η.10 for soldiers, 209-10, 381, 626Ո.32 Förster, Е., 678Ո.95 The Fox of the North (Parkinson), xviii France. See also specific topics to Alexander I, 347, 469 Austria and, 64, 157-58, 185, 199, 216-17, 218-19, 226-30, 235-36, 261, 579Ո.78, 639Ո.13 Bonaparte to, 407 Britain and, 109-10, 162, 447-48 to Catherine II, 121 Chernyshev with, 660Ո.18 in colonialism, 17-18 Cossacks and, 244-45, 442, 460-61 to Czartoryski, 6300.82 diplomacy with, 119-20, 126, 269, 335, 436-45, 620Ո.24 Dutch Republic and, 125-26 Europe and, 150—53, 157-60, 183-89, 245,464-65,497-98, 509 French Revolution, 97, 124-25, 187-88 Germany and, 66—67,
I84, 434 in history, 387 Imperial Guard of, 224, 373, 375-76, 385, 394- 397-98, 473-75, 476 Italy and, 161-62 Louis XVI of, 98-99, 124-25 Mikhailovskii-Danilevskii on, 607Ո.81 military of, 259-60, 403, 619-20Ո.18, 664η. 3 in Moscow, 421-23 nobility in, 103 Ottoman Empire and, 107-8, 125-26, 128, 337 to peasants, 469-70 Poland and, 276, 454, 500-1 prisoners of war from, 366-67, 454 propaganda in, 472, бібп.70, 623Ո.44 Prussia and, 236, 262, 272 reconnaissance from, 486 reputation of, 130, 386-87, 578η.65 in retreat, 466-68 Russia and, xvii, no-11, 129-30, 18890, 199-202, 214-15, 233-34, 24445, 258-61, 272, 282, 351, 372-74, 389-91, 415-16, 426-31, 435-36, 447-54- 459-62, 483-84- 485 in Russo-Ottoman War, 127-28 scouting by, 372 to Selim III, 126-27 Spain and, 345, 447-48 strategy with, 249-52 Turks and, 334-37 United States and, 126 Vienna to, 229-30 war and, 214, 489 to Wilson, 469 Francis (kaiser and emperor) Alexander I and, 217-18, 238, 240 Archduke Charles and, 210
768 I INDEX Francis (kaiser and emperor) (cont.) authority of, 185, 189, 192, 204-5, 235 Bonaparte and, 228 leadership of, 197-98, 203-4, 208, 212 relationship with, 209-10, 238-39, 619Ո.12, 623Ո.49 Vienna to, 227 Weyrother to, 251 Frederick Augustus, X58 Frederick the Great, 20-21, 43-44, 53-54 Frederick William II (king), 17-18, 150, 151, 579Ո.78 Frederick William III (king), 150-53, 184, 186 Alexander I and, 502 assistance from, 501-2 Bonaparte and, 497 mistresses of, 512 relationship with, 502-3, 505 reputation of, 272 Frederick William IV (king), 512 French Revolutionary Wars, 150-51 Friant, Louis, 392-93 Fuks, Egor, 491 funeral, 505-8, 728η.50, 728η.56 furlough, military, 534Ո.12 Fusil, Louise, 407-8 Gaddis, John Lewis, 465 Gage, Phineas, 542Ո.30 Garnich, Nikolai, 394-95, 518-19, 676-77Ո.77 Gavriil, Alexander, 4-5, 524Ո.8 Gazan, Maxime, 219-21, 222, 223 General Armory of the Nobility of the Russian Empire, 3-4 Georgia, 663Ո.54 Gerard, Maurice Etienne, 460 Germany Austria and, 269, 469, 503 Bonaparte and, 183 (See also Prussia) culture in, 269 France and, 66-67, 184, 434 Frederick William III and, 184 Italy and, 244, 261 military in, 503 politics in, бббп.30 Russia and, 100-1, 251-52, 351-53, 5°3~4 Ghalib Efendi, 659η. 10 Giray, Devlet, 47-48 Giray, Kaplan (prince), 77-78 Giray, Qaplan II, 28, 30-31, 32-33 Giray, Qaplan III, 40 Giray, Şahin, 47-48, 543-44Ո.46 Girey, Aslan (sultan), 67-68 Glinka, Fedor, 191, 355, 381-82 Glinka, Sergei, 43, 76-77, 134-35, 136, 140-41, 144, 697Ո.123 Gogol, Nikolai, 4-5 “golden bridge strategy,” 464-65, 467-68, 479 Golenischev-Kutuzov,
Anna (daughter), 47, i?4 177-78, 292-9З, 369-7°, 513 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Anna (sister), 7, 526η.22 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Catherine (daughter), 47, 154, 296, 511 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Catherine (wife) (née Bibikova) Alexander I and, 510-11 with children, 47, 61-62, 64, 268-69, 554Ո-49 correspondence with, 157-59, 160-61, 165,262, 267, 269-70, 271-72, 292, 296-97, 305-6, 313-14, З22, ЗЗ2, 403, 433,452-53,471-72,473,477-78, 490,492-93, 502-3, 591Ո.64,702Ո.46 Langeron and, 662η. 37 marriage to, 46-47, 73-74, 80-81, 82, 154, 27°, 272-74, 50°, 504, 543П-4І observations with, 104-5, ։ц-і5 13031, 178-80 reputation of, 304, 404, 729Ո.6 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Darya (daughter), 47, 61-62, 154, 268-69, 501, 511-12 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Darya (sister), 7-8, 527Ո.27, 726Ո.32 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Elisabeth (daughter) birth of, 47 concerns for, 259 correspondence with, 298, 299, 605Ո.45, 646η.25, 673Ո.32 in high society, 154 marriage of, 177-78 relationship with, 303 struggles of, 268, 271-72, 512 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Illarion, 525η. 12 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Illarion (father), 5-6, 7, 12-13, ΐ5-ϊ6
INDEX I 769 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Ivan (paternal uncle), 14, 22, 46, 506, 529-30Ո.60 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Ivan Ivanovich, 5 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Login Ivanovich, 360, 530Ո.62 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Maria, 524Ո.9 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Matvei, 524η. 11 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Matvei Ivanovich, 5 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Nicholas (son), 47, 64, 73-74, 554 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Praskovya (daughter), 47,61-62, 154, 369-70, 511 Golenischev-Kutuzov, Semen (brother), 7-8, 179, 530Ո.63, 535Ո.31 Golenischev-Kutuzov family, 3—7, 11,13-14, 15-16 Golitsyn, Alexander, 27, 394-95, 411—12, 692-93Ո.62 Golitsyn, Dmitri, 376-77, 474-75 Golitsyn, Nikolai, 419-20 Golitsyn, Sergei (prince), 85-87, 88, 90, 639η. 13 Gorbachev, Mikhail, xx-xxi Gorbatyi, Grigorii, 524Ո.8 Gorchakov, Alexei, 358, 364, 373-74 Gorchakov, Andrey, 372-73 Gorkii, Maxim, 733Ո.52 Gouvion Saint-Cyr, Laurent de, 469, 480-81 Grabbe, Pavel, 401-2 Grand Armée. See Bonaparte; France Grand Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa, 234 Great Northern War, 5 Great Patriotic War, xx. See also World War II Gregorian New Style calendar, xiii, 3, 602Ո.28 Gretsch, Nikolai, 305-6 Griboedov, Alexander, 364 Gudovich, Ivan, 66-67, 160-61, 668Ո.50 Guliano, Luxandra, 302-5 Gulyaev, Yu., 519, 556Ո.66 Gurju Ibrahim Deli Pasha, 85-86 Gustav IV Adolf (king), 139-40, 163-64, 585-86Ո.47 Guthrie, George James, 42 Gyulai, Ignac, 217, 228 Hannibal, 447-48, 491, 583Ո.23, 708Ո.21 Hannibal, Abraham, 14-15, 17, 20 Harpe, Frédéric-César de La, 168 Harper, Robert Goodloe, 701η. 34 Hartach, Auguste von, 512 Harting, Ivan, 285-87, 288, 290-91 Hasan Pasha, Cezayirli
Gazi, 58-59 Haugwitz, Christian August Heinrich Kurt Graf von, 150—51 hay, 649η.70 head injuries, 41-44, 60-61, 541Ո.19, 541П.21, 542 health, 500-1, 503-5, 547Ո.34, 575Ո.13, 598Ո.46, 635-36Ո.17, 727Ո.46 Heinrich, Hans, 22, 24 Hénin, Étienne-Félix, 130 Herald’s College, 14 Herbert Rathkeal, Peter Phillip von, 116 heroes in culture, xx-xxi, 362 in history, 394, 462 in literature, 233-34, 384 military, 136, 332-34 mythology of, 76-77 psychology of, 411 in public opinion, 505-6 from Russo-Ottoman war, 348 Sinel’nikov on, 532Ո.83 of Soviet Union, xviii, 516-19, 540Ո.16, 693-94Ո.69 to Wilson, 475 Herzen, Alexander, 416 Hesse Homburg, Ludwig Wilhelm of, 133 Hesse-Philippsthal, Ernst Constantine, 393-94 Hewitt, Henry, 517 high society, 141-45,152-53, լ54 լ^9 history Alexander I in, 504-5, 515 Bonaparte in, 487, 521-22Ո.6, 522-23Ո.11 Clausewitz in, 518 of czars, 5 death in, 516-19 documents, xxi of Europe, 26-27 France in, 387 in Great Britain, xviii Hannibal in, 708η.21 heroes in, 394, 462 of injuries, 548η. 39 of Istanbul, 113
770 I INDEX history (cont.) of jägers, 545η. 14 Lauriston in, 705η. 102 literature and, 202-3, 213, 228-29, 257, 629Ո.77 Mack von Leiberich in, боіп.21 military, xvii-xxi, 138, 521-22Ո.6, 52526η.17, 532Ո.87 Moscow in, 491, 534η.21 of Napoleonic Wars, xviii-xix, 400-1, 514-15 of Ottoman Empire, 25-27, 84-85 of Patriotic War of 1812, 517-19 of Peter the Great, 11-12 propaganda in, 686-87Ո.87, 687η. 100 psychology of, 381 of Russia, 44-46 scholarship and, 594Ո.99, 676-77Ո.77, 73ՅՈ.52 in Soviet Union, 540Ո.16 Suvorov in, 516—17, 532-33Ո.1 Tarutino maneuver in, 426-28, 514-15 of Turks, 226, 557Ո.88, 564Ո.46 of Ukraine, 540Ո.17 of Ulm-Olmiitz March-Maeuver, 236 of World War I, 727Ո.47 Hitler, Adolf, 522-23n.11 Holstein-Gottorp, Karl Friedrich of (Duke), 62 Horvat, Dmitri, 511 hospitals, military, 279 Howe, George, 53-54 Hufeland, Christoph Wilhelm Friedrich, 504 Hungary, 632η. 112 Ibrahim Hilmi Pasha, 276 Ibrahim Osman Pasha, 550Ո.8 ideology of Bonaparte, 407 of war, 425-26 Ignatiev, Peter, 662Ո.44 Imperial Council (Ottoman Empire), 115, 118, 126, 128, 129-30 Imperial Guard of France, 224, 373, 375֊7б, 385, 394, 397-98, 473-75,476 of Russia, 19, 237, 249-50, 251, 256- 57, 27Յ-74 imperialism to Catherine II, 66, 79-80 propaganda in, 120-21 injuries of Bagration, 401-2, 678Ո.96 head, 41—44, 60—61, 541Ո.19, 541Ո.21, 542 history of, 548Ո.39 psychology of, 401—2 reports of, 656Ո.43 of Tuchkov, 401-2 in war, 548Ո.41 intelligence, 65-66 on Bonaparte, 201, 203, 251, 354-59, 366, 455, 488, 628Ո.49, 711Ո.13 bribery for, бббп.28 from confidantes, 310 diplomacy and, 62ІП.32 from espionage,
123-24, 579Ո.78, 664η.3 failures, 713η. 35 in Istanbul, 123-24 military, 65-66, 206 from Murat, 217 Ottoman Empire and, 85-87, 103, 650Ո.80 from peasants, 560η. 10 from Platov, 463 from prisoners of war, 216-17, 219-20, 551Ո.15, 650Ո.88 reports, 653Ո.10 in Russia, 268 from Russo-Ottoman War, 103-4 for Sardinia, 621Ո.28 strategy from, 87 Turks and, 107-8, 281-84 in war, 210-11, 219-25, 426-31 intoxication, 682-83Ո.19, 695η.93 investments, 579Ո.71 Ismail Bey, 307-8, 311, 312, 320-21, 328 Ismail I, 560Ո.12 Istanbul culture of, 115-19 diplomacy in, 113-15, 119-21, 125-30 government in, 40-41, 45, 56, 105, 106-7, in history of, 113 intelligence in, 123-24 Parkinson on, 581Ո.96 religion in, 114 Russia and, 82, 99, 101, 103, 108, 109 Italinskii, Andrei, 309
INDEX Italy, 43-44 diplomacy with, 709η.35 France and, 161-62 Germany and, 244, 261 Russia and, 157-58 Spain and, 150 Switzerland and, 185, 668Ո.50 Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) (czar), 5, 9-10, 26, 524Ո.9 Ivazpashazade Halil Pasha, 32—34 Ivchenko, Lidia, 519, 527Ո.25, 556Ո.66, 564-66Ո.47, 587Ո.71, 725η. 16, 733η·52 Izmail, 65—66 assault of, 74-81, 75/, 550Ո.8, 553Ո.43 to Europe, 55in. 14 to Ottoman Empire, 82, 83-85, 5 50Ո.10 to Repnin, 560Ո.13 Richelieu on, 557-58Ո.89 strategy for, 66-74, 86-87, 566-67Ո.52 wealth of, 557Ո.81 Izmailov, A., 513-14 Jacobi, Ivan, 40 Jacobins, 128-29, 130» 148-49, 337-38, 407 JAENS. See Joint Artillery and Engineer Noble School jägers. See also Bug Jäger Corps to Bonaparte, 375, 387 Cossacks and, 74-75, 77-78, 98, 315 discipline with, 701Ո.41 expertise with, 50-54 history of, 545η.14 leadership of, 682-83Ո.19 Petrov with, 398 soldiers and, 684-85Ո.47 strategy with, 379 Taurida Jäger Corps, 51-52, 83 training camps for, 545Ո.9 James, E. Renouard, 66-67 Joint Artillery and Engineer Noble School (JAENS), 14-19, 531Ո.78 Jones, John Paul, 59, 60 Joseph II, 54-55, 64 Josias, Frederick, 65 Josselson, Diana, 376-77, 522η.7 Josselson, Michael, 376-77, 522Ո.7 Journal ofMilitary Operations, 85-86, 326-27, 37°, 447 I 77I Junot, Andoche, 390, 393 Justice Committee, 23-24 Kaisarov, Paisii, 420, 692-93Ո.62, 693Ո.68 Kakhovskii, Mikhail, 133-34 Kamenskii, Mikhail, 133-34, 176-77, 262-63 to Maistre, J., 669Ո.56 reputation of, 269-70, 276, 358-59, 365 resignation of, 272 Kamenskii, Nikolai, 298, 299-300, 305-7 Kamenskii, Sergei, 256, 284-85, 289, 642Ո.44 Kankrin,
Egor, 478 Kaptsevich, Peter, 687Ո.94, 697η. 12 3 Kapudan Pasha Küçük Hüseyin Pasha, 128 Karamzin, Nikolai, 423 Kartmazov, Ivan, 17 Kharkevich, Vladimir, 516 Khitrovo, Nikolai Fedorovich, 512 Khitrovo, Nikolai Zakharovich, 513 exile of, 369-70, 501 relationship with, 177-78, 292-93, 294, 333 reputation of, 286-87, 288-89, 332 Khrapovitskii, Alexander, 141-42 Kikin, P, 678Ո.95 Kirov, Sergei, 727Ո.47 Kleinmichel, A., 368-69, 408-9 Kleist, Franz Kasimir von, 150 Klingspor, Wilhelm Mauritz, 156-57 Klinkhardt, Friedrich, 471 Knobelsdorff, Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst von, 579Ո.78 Knyazkov, S., 516 Коса Yusuf Pasha, 84-85, 87, 559η. 1 Kochius, Ivan, 40 Kochubey, Viktor, 131, 132, 170, 175, 35б-57 581Ո.93, 603Ո.36 Kollowrath-Krakowsky, Johann Karl von, 249-50, 253-54 Komarovskii, Evgraf, 176-77, 349, 358 Konev, Ivan, 728Ո.49 Konovnitsyn, Peter Baggovut to, 692-93Ո.62 observations of, 401-2, 440-41, 470 praise of, 684Ո.42 service of, 364, 390-91, 451-52, 455, 500 Toll and, 468
772 I INDEX Kornilov, Aleksandr, 592η.72 Koshelev, Alexander, 509-10 Kozel’skii, Yakov, 17 Kozlovsky, Osip, 79-80 Krasovskii, Afanasii, 642Ո.43 Krüdener, Barbara Juliane von, 435 Krylov, Ivan, 445, 473, 495 Kudashev, Nikolai, 296, 365-66, 432-33, 5Π Kudryavtsev, D., 631Ո.102 Kurakin, Alexander, 150-51, 303-4 Kurakin, В., 644-45Ո.8 Kutaisov, Alexander, 368, 392 Kutuz, Ananii, 4-5 Kutuz, Fedor, 4-5, 524Ո.8 Kutuz, Vasilii, 4—5 Kutuzov, Matrena, 524η. 11 Kutuzov, Mikhail. See specific topics Kyiv, exile in, 269-74, 27б-77 Lacy, Boris de, 186 landownership, li, no, 178-79, 64445Ո.8, 645η.II Langeron, Louis Alexandre Andrault de, 164-65 in battle, 253-54 Chichagov to, 484 correspondence with, 650-51Ո.91 criticism from, 46-47, 142-43, 651П.101, 661Ո.32 Khi trovo, N. Z., to, 292-93 Kutuzov, Catherine (wife) and, 662Ո.37 leadership of, 305 on Markov, Y, 655η.34 memoirs of, 64in.35 observations of, 240, 250-51, 287, 29091, 302-3, 328, 55411.53, 557Ո.79, 557-58Ո.89 Ottoman Empire to, 654η. 19 relationship with, 316, 322, 656-57Ո.50 on Rumyantsev, P., 27 Sabaneyev and, 486 scholarship on, 647η.39 service of, 658Ո.73, 658Ո.75 soldiers with, 80, 246, 278-79 on Turks, 65 in. 102 Weyrother to, 626Ո.29 language in diplomacy, 571Ո.49 education, 12-13, 134, 541-42Ո.27 fluency in, xvii-xviii, 100-1, 120 maps and, 666ո.շ8 in Ottoman Empire, 5 34η.21 Russian, 523-24Ո.7 Lannes, Jean, 199, 227-28, 229, 230, 248, 255 Lanskoi, V., 692-93Ո.62 Lastours, Sophie de, 537η.53 Latour-Maubourg, Marie-Victor, 392-93, 396-97 Laudon, Ernst Gideon von, 43-44 Lauriston, Marquis de, 436-37 diplomacy with, 441-43,
703Ո.65 in history, 705η. 102 psychology of, 444-45 to Wilson, 705Ո.104 Law, Jacques Alexandre Bernard. See Lauriston Laz Ahmed Pasha, 307-8 Lebedev, Nikolai, 368-69 Legislative Commission, 23-24 Leigh-Mallory, Trafford, 517 Lejeune, Louis-François, 374-75 Leopold (king), 64 Levanidov, A., 544η.52 Levitskii, Mikhail, 366 Liechtenstein, Johann Joseph Fürst von und zu, 235, 249-50, 253-54, 625n.11 Lieven, Dominic, xviii, 435 Lieven, Karl, 10 Life of SamuelJohnson (Boswell), xxi Ligne, Charles de, 60, 61, 547η.34 Likhachev, Peter, 391-92 Liprandi, Ivan, 392, 731η.23 literature Council of War in, xix culture and, 225, 638Ո.55 death in, 515-16 heroes in, 233-34, 384 history and, 202-3, 213, 228-29, 257, 629η.77 in Russia, xx Society for the Lovers of Russian Literature, 133-34 in Western culture, xix-xx Lithuania, 160-61, 172, 524Ո.9, 601Ո.17, 644η. i Lobanov-Rostovskii, Dmitri, 368-69, 408-9 Locke, John, 134
INDEX I 773 Lomonosov, Mikhail, 15 Longinov, Nikolai, 348, 350-51, 359, 41617, 507 Longworth, Philip, 532-33Ո.1 Lopatin, V., 532-33Ո.1 Lopukhin, Dmitri, 295-96 Lopukhin, Peter, 356-57 Loshakov, Ivan, 634-35Ո.4 Louis XVI (king), 98-99, 124-25 Löwenstern, Waldemar de, 304, 387, 39192, 412-13, 418 Bennigsen and, 463 in cluster, 678Ո.95 memoirs of, 713Ո.36, 716η.37 observations of, 451-52, 469, 712Ո.29 reconnaissance by, 71 in. 13 support from, 477 Wilson and, 477-78 Lubenkov, Nikolai, 390-91 Luganskii Pikineer Regiment, 45-46, 47-49 MacDonald, Jacques-Étienne, 345-46, 498 Mäcin to military, 87-88 to Ottoman Empire, 85-87, 88-93 war in, 564-65, 566Ո.51 Mack von Leiberich, Karl Freiherr, xviii-xix, 243 Bonaparte and, 204-5, 609Ո.96 failure of, 207-8, 216-17 in history, 601Ո.21 in literature, 202-3 reputation of, 201-2, 203, 205, 216, 626η. 30 in service, 187-88, 192-93, *94 !99 MacLeod, George, 541η. 19 Mahmud Bey, 67-68 Mahmud II (sultan), 282 authority of, 330 diplomacy with, 283 strategy of, 298-99, 307-8, 318 Mailly, Adrien de, 447 Maistre, Joseph de, 62in.28 Chichagov to, 661Ո.30 criticism from, 416 Kamenskii, Μ., to, 669Ո.56 observations of, 482, 488 reports from, 260 reputation with, 709η. 35 Maistre, Xavier de, 488-89 Makeenko, L., 6-7, 519 Manceron, Claude, 629Ո.77 maps battle, 380/ language and, 666ո.շ8 of Ottoman Empire, 637Ո.49 from prisoners, бобп.64 Marakuev, Mikhail, 416-17 Marchenko, V., 484-85 Maret, Hugues-Bernard, no-11, 455-56 Maria Feodorovna (Dowager Empress), 508 Maria Theresa, 187-88 Marie Antoinette (queen), 64 Marin, Sergei, 430-31, 440-41, 493-94,
513-14, 706η. 110 Marivaux, Pierre de, 590Ո.46 Markov, Irakli, 368-69 Markov, Yevgeny, 284-85, 324-27, 655Ո.34, 656Ո.39 marksmanship, 53 Marmont, Auguste Viesse de, xviii-xix marriage, 46-47 masculinity, 647Ո.43 Masse, Alexander, 277 Masséna, André, 159-60, 193 Massot, Jean, 60-61 Maximilian Joseph (king of Bavaria), 186-87 Mayevskii, Sergei, 142, 437-38, 678η.95 Meerheimb, Franz Ludwig von, 396-97 Mehmed Ali, 275 Mehmed II (sultan), 113 Melissino, Peter, 32, 33-34, 133-34 Mendeleyev, Dmitri, xx-xxi Mertvago, Dmitri, 419 Merveldt, Maximilian von in battle, 213 leadership of, 199-200, 203, 204-5 relationship with, 210-11, 216-17 strategy of, 212-13 success of, 211—12 Metternich, Klemens von, 512, 653Ո.3 Metz, Auguste Thirion de, 383 Miakinkov, Eugene, 134-35, 581-82Ո.5 Michaud, Alexander, 411 Michelson, Ivan, 275-76 Middle Ages, 3-4 Mihrişah (sultan), 120-21, 576-77Ո.43 Mikhailov, Oleg, 174, 732-33Ո.50
՜՜ՈՀ I INDEX Mikhailovskii-Danilevskii, Alexander as aide-de-camp, 349-50, 366 on Barclay de Tolly, 439 on France, 607Ո.81 as historian, 514-15 on military career, 236, 438, 441—42, 449-50 on mistresses, 303-4 on Moscow, 431-32 observations of, 393-95,447-48, 488, 504 support from, 451-52 on Suvorov, 240-41 Turgenev and, 507 Mikhelson, Ivan, 186-87 military. See also specific topics of Alexander I, 188-89 archives, 621-22Ո.33 Astrakhanskii Infantry Regiment, 19, 20-21, 23 of Austria, 626η. 28 battle maps, 380/ Black Sea for, 663η.54 of Britain, 53-54, 545η. 11 bureaucracy, 137 career, 17-19, 22-24, 236, 278-81, 299-300, 342, 357-60, 367-68, 42426, 438, 441-42, 449-50, 507-8, 53ІП.73, 538Ո.64 in childhood, 14-17 command structure, 679η.ιοί, 68in.6 compensation, 78-79 Council of War and, 69, 207-8 czars and, 348-51, 364 desertion, 33-34, 51-52, 67-68, 154, 562Ո.25, 695Ո.87 diplomacy, 198-99, 570η. 37 in Europe, 647Ո.43 evacuations, 652η. 109 executions, 701Ո.41 failure of, 259-62 flying detachments, 432-34, 447, 45657, 473-75, 484, 560Ո.10, 714η. 5 of France, 259-60, 403, 619-20Ո.18, 664η. 3 furlough, 5 34η. 12 in Germany, 503 “golden bridge strategy,” 464-65, 46768, 479 Golenischev-Kutuzov family in, 4-7, 13-14 governorships, 644η.I, 644η.6 heroes, 136, 332-34 history, xvii-xxi, 138, 521-22Ո.6, 525-26Ո.17, 532η.87 hospitals, 279 influences from, 20-21 intelligence, 65—66, 206 leadership, xiv, 267-69, 363-66, 463-64, 477-78, 480-81, 500, 502, 561Ո.18, 605η.57, 6io-iin.i5, 6і4֊і5п.57, 624η.51, 720Ո.23 in Lithuania, боіп.17 logistics, 481-82 Luganskii Pikineer Regiment, 45-46,
47-49 Macin to, 87-88 Military Enlightenment, 51, 80-81, 133-34, 135-36, 171, 581-82Ո.5 mobility of, 545η. 11 modernity in, 50-54 in Napoleonic Wars, xiii-xiv Narva Corps for, 349 Nazi, xx, 517-18 Order of Kutuzov in, xx of Ottoman Empire, in-12, 288-91, 651Ո.102 to Peter the Great, 160, 567Ո.6 physicians, 61 in.21 Platov-Uvarov Raid, 394-95 in Poland, 24-25, 533η.8 policy, 695Ո.87 politics and, 219, 267-68, 269, 399400, 597Ո.32 promotion in, 38, 48-49, 5 31П.77, 544Ո.51, 5594·98 propaganda, 67-68 public opinion and, 403-4 rankings, xiv, xiv/, 6, 522-23n.11, 535n-3° 667Ո.33 recognition, 54-55 records, 526-27Ո.23, 5280.43, 53ІП.73, 535-36Ո.ՅՅ, 540Ո.17,557-58Ո.89, 602-3Ո.29, 647η.52, 673η.з6, 709-10Ո.39 regulations, 545Ո.8, 547Ո.34, 585Ո.42, 625η.8, 654-55Ո.26 reinforcements, 214-15 reports, 389, 559-60Ո.6, 562Ո.28, 564Ո.43, 574Ո.9, 613Ո.38, 617-18Ո.85, 633η. 120, 634Ո.131, 649-50Ո.79, 650Ո.85, 656Ո.43 reputation in, 64-69, 291-94, 462-63, 477, 505-8 reserve forces, 675Ո.56
INDEX I 775 resources, 659η. IJ Rites of Service, 535Ո.29 Rumyantsev, R, in, 27-29 Russian Military Enlightenment, xix-xx after Russo-Ottoman War, 47—49 St. Petersburg Plan, 480-83 to Selim III, 124 seniority system in, 667Ո.33, 678Ո.96 setbacks, 206-10, 562Ո.25 Smolenskii Infantry Regiment, 29, 36 society and, 148, 492 strategy, 69-74, 377 398-99, 4і 112, 447-48, 455-58, 615-ібп.бб, 652Ո.107, 698Ո.2 success in, 39-41, 62, 81, 88, 93 supplies, 402-3, бобп.62, 627Ո.42 Tarutino maneuver, 426-28 training camps, 279-80 trenches, 641Ո.33 Tuiskii Infantry Regiment, 45-46 of Turks, 280, 290, 298-300, 307-9, 319, 551Ո.14, 555Ո.56 volunteers for, 74 wealth of, 404 weather and, 431-34 in winter, 273 Miloradovich, Mikhail, 191, 199-200 affairs of, 302 Bagration and, 235-36, 242-43, 613Ո.44 in battle, 223, 397, 429, 430, 714Ո.3 Bennigsen and, 450, 700η.28 criticism from, 608Ո.88 Dokhturov and, 678Ո.96 leadership of, 214-15, 221, 276, 278-79, 376-77, 613Ո.40, 681Ո.6, 697Ո.123, 7МП-5 Mortier and, 6Ї6-17П.72 after Napoleonic Wars, 510 observations of, 221, 256, 284 Osterman-Tolstoy and, 473-74 in pursuit, 466-67, 474 to Rayevskii, 476 recruitment by, 368-69 relationship with, 263, 363-64, 450-51 reputation of, 405-6 service of, 364, 450, 474-75, 631П.102 success of, 220-21 Tiesenhausen, B., and, 221-22 Yermolov and, 451-52 Mirat, Joachim, xviii-xix mistresses, 303-4,470-71, 512, 576-77Ո.43 Mitarevskii, Nikolai, 373, 382, 384,430-31, 448,450, 478 mobility, of military, 545η. 11 modernity of Europe, 148-49 in military, 50-54 from Peter the Great, 11-12 in Russia, 11-і 3 in Western culture,
15 Möllendorf, Wichard Joachim Heinrich von, 15З Möller, Ivan, 66 Mongols, 550Ո.8 Montbrun, Louis-Pierre, 395-96 Montesquiou-Fezensac, Raymond Eymery, 466 Montresor, Karl, 503-4 Morand, Charles Antoine, 391-92 Mordvinov, Mikhailo, 16—17 Moreau, Jean, 158, 188-89, 35^-59 Moritz von Lacy, Franz, 43-44 Mortier, Adolphe Édouard Casimir Joseph, 213, 218, 219-21,474-75 in battle, 221, 223-24 Bonaparte and, 224-25 leadership of, 248 Miloradovich and, 616-17Ո.72 reputation of, 235 strategy with, Ճ15Ո.64, 6i6n.68 support for, 222-23 Moscow to Alexander I, 498-99 Barclay de Tolly on, 674η. 5 2 to Bonaparte, 402-3, 421-23, 434-36, 454, 689-90Ո.18 Cossacks in, 418, 426-27 to Council of War, 414-18 Europe and, 422 flying detachments in, 456-57 France in, 421—23 in history, 491, 5 34η. 21 policy with, 424-26 politics of, 406-11, 689Ո.9 to Russia, 674Ո.50 society of, 404, 416 soldiers in, 434-36 surrender of, 404, 408-9, 410, 412-14, 418-21, 690Ո.24 in war, 455-56 Mouruzi, Alexander, 108-9 Mulla Pasha, 311, 320-21 Münnich, Burkhard Christoph von, 133
"¡"¡Շ I INDEX Murat, Joachim, 199, 214-15 Alexander I and, 373 in Austria, 227-28 Bagration and, 620Ո.27 in battle, 233-34, 393 Bonaparte and, 228, 233, 428-30, 447, 614Ո.47, 620Ո.20 capture of, 391-92, 393 Cossacks with, 428 diplomacy with, 231-32 failure of, 219, 226-27, 231, 232-33, 430, 449, 450-51 intelligence from, 217 Lannes and, 229, 230, 248 losses of, 405-6 Nostitz-Rieneck and, 230, 231 Poniatowski, J. A., and, 451-52 Rayevskii and, 429 reputation of, 405, 620Ո.21 Russia to, 62in.31 strategy of, бббп.28 Muravyev, Nikolai, 15-16, 301-2, 362-63, 419, 448 Muscovite society, 407-8, 409 Musin-Pushkin, Valentin, 41 muskets, 635Ո.14, 640Ո.22 Mustafa, Seraskir, 91, 92 Mustafa III (sultan), 25 Mustafa IV (sultan), 282 Mustafa Rasih Efendi, 130-31, 132 Mustafa Rasih Pasha, 102-3, 105-6, 571Ո.47 Muybridge, Edward, 542Ո.30 Nabokoff, Serge, 5 37η. 53 Nansouty, Étienne-Marie, 392-93 Napoleon (Roberts), 521-22Ո.6 Napoleonic Wars Barclay de Tolly and, 510, 522Ո.7 Britain in, 464-65, 558Ո.92 Clausewitz after, 510 diplomacy in, 274-75 Europe and, xviii-xix, 345, 512 history of, xviii-xix, 400-1, 514-15 military in, xiii-xiv Nostitz-Rieneck after, 622Ո.38 policy in, 672Ո.23 politics of, 161-62, 275-77 preparation for, 139 Rostopchin after, 510 in Russia, 385-89 service in, 60 Shevardino Redoubt in, 372-73, 385, 676-77Ո.77, 680Ո.104 soldiers in, 389-91 success in, xvii Toll after, 510 in Western culture, xviii Narbonne, Louis, 337 Narrative of Events During the Invasion of Russia (Wilson), 441-42 Narva Corps, 349 Naryshkin, A., 491 Naryshkin, L., 10 Naryshkin, Maria, 470-71 Nassau-
Siegen, Charles Heinrich von, 59, 60 nationalism, 407 Naval Cadet Corps, 22 Nazi military, xx, 517-18 Nelson, Horatio, 187-88 Neophytus VII, 572Ո.68 Netherlands, 64. See also Austria Neverovskii, Dmitri, 354-55, 373-74, 390 Newton, Isaac, xx-xxi Ney, Michel in battle, 375-76, 390 Davout and, 405-6, 475-76 Poniatowski, J. A., and, 466-67 reinforcements for, 392-93 service of, 199, 201, 474-75 surrender to, 474-75 Nicholas (grand duke), 508 Nicholas I, 508, 511, 513, 514-15 Nicolay, Johanna von, 154-5 5 Niebuhr, Barthold Georg, 664η.3 nobility aristocracy and, 8, 10 Assembly of the Nobility, 349-50 culture in, 12, 295-96 in Europe, 15 in France, 103 in Poland, 173 protection of, 11 in Russia, 527-28Ո.37 serfs and, 10, 527Ո.36 society and, 350-51 support from, 492-93 in Velvet Book, 5, 524η.8 wealth of, 296-97
INDEX Nootka Sound Crisis, 84 Nordman, E, 727-28Ո.48, 728Ո.49 Norov, Vasili,437-38 North Africa, 25-26 Norway Britain and, 1Ճ4 Sweden and, 3-4 Nostitz-Rieneck, Johann Nepomuk von, 207,214,229-30 in battle, 231, 619Ո.17 failure of, 230, 231 leadership of, 620Ո.21, 623Ո.42 Murat and, 230, 231 after Napoleonic Wars, 622Ո.38 Wintzingerode and, 233 ' Ochakov Crisis, 84 Odenthal, Ivan, 349, 357, 665η. 10 Oertel, Friedrich, 480-82, 718Ո.7, 718Ո.8 Ogarev, Alexander, 382 Oldenburg, August of, 695η.82 Olitz, Peter, 24, 27, 33-34, 536η.36, 538ո,68 Olry, Johann Franz Anton von, 169, 625Ո.8, 628Ո.5Ճ Olsufyev III, 284-85 “On the Destruction of the French Who Insolently Invaded the Russian Heartlands” (Bunina), 721-22Ո.40 Opisanie voiny 1812 goda (Akhsharumov), 514 Opochinin, Mikhail, 501 Order of Kutuzov, xx Order of St. Alexander of Neva, 88, 550Ո.8 Order of St. Anna, 62, 501 Order of St. George, 81, 93, 493, 541Ո.25, 559Ո.98, 566Ո.51 Order of St. John of Jerusalem, 156-57 Order of St. Vladimir, 62, 476 Order of the Black Eagle, 502-3 Order of the Red Eagle, 502-3 Orlov, Alexey, 19, 147-48 Orlov, Nikolai, 68-69 Orlov-Denisov, Vasilii, 432-33 O’Rourke, Joseph, 213, 310 Osterman-Tolstoy, Alexander in Council of War, 414 leadership of, 429 Miloradovich and, 473-74 Rayevskii and, 415 I 777 Otroshenko, Yakov, 12-13, Յշ6, 329 Ottoman Empire. See also specific topics to Alexander I, 310 alliance with, 159-60 Austria and, 226 Bonaparte and, 274-76 Catherine II and, 27 Cossacks in, 562Ո.25 Crimean Tatars with, 30-31, 32-34 culture of, 557Ո.81 customs of, 656-57Ո.50 diplomacy with, 100-12,
121-30, 175, 334 Europe and, 116, 119 experience with, 712Ո.20 family in, 120 flotilla of, 91 food in, 559-60Ո.6 France and, 107-8, 125-26, 128-29, 337 history of, 25-27, 84-85 Imperial Council of, 115, 118, 126, 128, 129-30 intelligence and, 85-87, 103, 650η.80 Izmail to, 82, 83-85, 550η.10 to Langeron, 654η. 19 language in, 5 34η.21 leadership of, 5 5on.8 Macin to, 85-87, 88-93 maps of, 637Ո.49 military of, in-12, 288-91, 651η.102 Poland and, xxi, 25, 273 politics in, 281-84, 569Ո.30, 660Ո.18 prisoners of war from, 309, 550Ո.7 propaganda and, 660Ո.20 Prussia and, 126 religion in, 122, 124, 584η.38 reputation with, 131-32, 569η.27 Russia and, xix-xx, 24-25, 27-29, 4042, 55-63, 64-69, 74-81, 75/, 82, 83-84, 87-88, 98-101,103-4, Ϊ2Ι, 127, 274-75, 284-89, 291-94,298300, 332-34, 341-42 Russo-Ottoman War, 6, 29-38 setbacks for, 537η.59 in Seven Years’ War, 534—35η.22 Sinel’nikov on, 561Ո.19 soldiers of, 329, 330-31, 557Ո.88 strategy of, 570Ո.33, 659Ո.9 to Suvorov, 5 5 3η.39 Sweden and, 64
778 I INDEX Ottoman Empire (cont.՜) after Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, 44-45 Turkey and, 30 wealth of, 105, 109, 113, 114-15, 118 Oudinot, Charles, 214, 484, 623Ո.45 Ovsov, Nikolai, 597Ո.32 Ozharovskii, Adam, 432-33, 473-74 Pahlen, Peter Ludwig von der, 356-57, 593Ո-85, 596Ո.7 Alexander I and, 168-69 in assassination, 164-67 Paul I and, 163, 164-65 Palmer, Alan, 171-72 Panin, Nikita Petrovich, 150-52, 153, 164-65, 174-75, 589 Parkinson, Roger on Bagration, 619η.17 on family, 541Ո.22 on Istanbul, 581Ո.96 mistakes by, 532Ո.87, 533Ո.8, 534n.11, 540n.11, 540Ո.14, 549Ո.47, 589Ո.24 reputation of, xviii Paskevich, Ivan, xiv, 288-89, 290, 373, 641-42Ո.42 Pasvanoglu Osman Pasha, 275 The Patriotic War and Russian Society, 516 Patriotic War of 1812, 514-15, 516, 51719. SA also Napoleonic Wars patronage culture, 173-74 Paull assassination of, 164-67, 168-69, 17172, 184, 594Ո.100 diplomacy of, 156-57, 160-64 legacy of, 168-69, 364-65, 587-88Ո.4, 592Ո.72 Pahlen and, 163, 164-65 Prussia to, 146-49 reputation with, 151-52, 154, 155-57, 158-60, 163-64, 506, 594η.99 Rostopchin and, 406-7 war to, 160—61 Pavlenkov, Florentii, 733η.52 peasants, 433-34, 442, 469-70, 513, 560Ո.10 Pelet, Jean-Jacques, 378, 401 pensions, 726η.32 Persians, 663Ո.54 personality, 46-47 Peter III, 17-19, 45, 146-48 Peter the Great death of, 525η. 12 leadership of, 11, 23 legacy of, 71 military to, 160, 567η.6 modernity from, 11-12 rumors about, 5-6 Table of Ranks to, xiv Petrov, Mikhail, 398, 651П.93 Petrushevskii, Alexander, 532-33Ո.1, 550Ո.10, 557-58Ո.89 Peyrièr, Honore Theodore Maxime Gazan de la, 219-20 Pfuel, Karl
Ludwig August Friedrich von, 347 philosophy of Enlightenment, 134 of Jacobins, 148-49 of Military Enlightenment, 51, 80-81, 133-34, 135-36, 171 Phineas Gage (Fleischman), 542η.30 physicians, 611П.21 Pino, Domenico, 460 Pistor, Yakov, 88-91, 5 64-66Ո.47 Pitt, William, 84, 184-85 Platov, Ataman Matvei, 355-56 Platov, Matvei attitude of, 71 in battle, 354, 394-95 in Britain, 303-4 with Cossacks, 393-94, 405-6, 466-67, 498 in Council of War, 290-91 intelligence from, 463 leadership of, 278-79 relationship with, 60, 387 Toll and, 393-94 Yermolov and, 713η.35 Platov-Uvarov Raid, 394-95, 400-1 Plemyannikov, Peter, 33-34, 536Ո.36 Pokrovskii, Mikhail, 516 Poland Augustus III of, 22 Austria and, 486 Bonaparte in, 501 to Catherine II, 142-43, 177 Catherine II and, 22-23, 24 Europe and, 125-27 France and, 276, 454, 500-1 military in, 24-25, 533Ո.8
INDEX I 779 nobility in, 173 Ottoman Empire and, xxi, 25, 273 politics in, 296 Prussia and, 501-2 Russia and, 24-25, 27, 97-98, 150, 160, 276 winter in, 272 Poletika, Peter, 582η. 15 policy with Bonaparte, 402-3, 408-9, 415-16, 429,436-45, 44Ğ-47, 462-65, 499֊ 500, 719-20Ո.19 in Britain, 592Ո.77 military, 695η.87 with Moscow, 424-26 in Napoleonic Wars, 672η.23 with Prussia, 561-62Ո.24 in recruitment, 638η. 5 of Selim III, 115 in Soviet Union, 516-19 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 97-99, 109-10, 270-71, 294, 295-98 politics Bonaparte in, 489 bureaucracy in, 573η.75 of czars, 333, 494 in Europe, 274-75 in Germany, бббп.30 ofjacobins, 128-29, 130, ΐ4θ-49, 337՜ 38, 407 military and, 219, 267-68, 269, 399400, 597Ո.32 of Moscow, 406-11, 689Ո.9 of Napoleonic Wars, 161-62, 275-77 in Ottoman Empire, 281-84, 569Ո.30, 660Ո.18 in Poland, 296 Rayevskii in, 414 of recruitment, 663η.5 5 in Russia, 339-41, 464-65 of war, 188-90 Yermolov in, 494—95 Poniatowski, Józef Antoni, 98, 373, 393, 451-52, 466-67 Poniatowski, Stanislaw August, 22, 24 Popadichev, Ilya, 200-1, 209-10, 221-22 Popov, A., 519 populism, 407 Porta, Horace François Bastien Sebastiani de La, 280-81 Porter, Ker, 404 Potemkin, Gregory, 31 Bug Jäger Corps to, 66 Catherine II and, 45-46, 54-55, 57, бо бі, 68-69, 547-48Ո.38, 563Ո.33 Chertkov, V., and, 543Ո.41 death of, 566η. 51 leadership of, 50, 57, 58-59, 62-63, 6465, 66, 544η. 52 Repnin and, 564-66Ո.47 service under, 57-59, 61-62, 81, 544Ո-54, 5бзп-33 soldiers to, 60 Suvorov and, 69-70, 75 Potemkin, Pavel, 62—63, 66—67, 68-70, 74, 107 prisoners of war, 83, 158, 163-64 from
Bonaparte, 163-64, 218-19 from flying detachments, 560η. 10 from France, 366-67, 454 intelligence from, 216-17, 219-20, 551Ո.15, 650Ո.88 maps from, бобп.64 from Ottoman Empire, 309, 550Ո.7 propaganda, 79—80 by Bonaparte, 262, 400 from Europe, 126-27 in France, 472, бібп.70, 623Ո.44 in history, 686-87Ո.87, 687η.100 in imperialism, 120-21 military, 67-68 Ottoman Empire and, 660Ո.20 in Russia, 230—33 by Soviet Union, 686-87Ո.87, 687η. 100, 7і8п-з, 727Ո.47 xenophobia and, 407 Protasov, Alexander, 139 Prozorovskii, Alexander, 133-34, 273 276-77 Alexander I and, 291, 293-94, 643Ո.65 Arakcheyev and, 639η. 13 criticism of, 640Ո.20 leadership of, 278-79, 281, 283, 284, 290-91 observations of, 64ІП.40 relationship with, 278, 280-81, 286-88, 292-94, 642Ո.44 reputation of, 290, 291-92, 298 Prussia, 43-44, 183 to Alexander I, 208, 237
780 I INDEX Prussia (cont.) Austria and, 97, 98, 109—10, 124-25, 129, 150, 498 Bonaparte and, 194-95 Britain and, 17-18, 84 France and, 236, 262, 272 Frederick the Great of, 20-21, 43-44, 53-54 Frederick William III of, 150-53, 184, 186 Frederick William II of, 17-18, 150, 151 high society in, 152-53 in Middle Ages, 3-4 Ottoman Empire and, 126 to Paul I, 146-49 Poland and, 501-2 policy with, 561-62Ո.24 reputation in, 502-3 royalty in, 512 Russia and, 64-65, 150-53, 240, 244, 497 Przybyszewski, Ignacy, 249-50, 253-54, 257-58, 632η.107 psychology of Alexander I, 240-43, 257, 261, 276, 435-36, 669Ո.61 of Bagration, 378 of Barclay de Tolly, 365-66 ofBonaparte, 238, 340-41, 351, 368, 384-85, 393-94, 400-3, 489-90, 627Ո.38 of czars, 403, 659η. i x of Davout, 494 of Dokhturov, 419-20 of heroes, 411 of history, 381 of injuries, 401-2 interpretation and, xxi of Lauriston, 444-45 of masculinity, 647Ո.43 of religion, 381-82 of Rostopchin, 440-41 of soldiers, 382, 400, 419-20, 431, 45 5 of war, 687Ո.94 public opinion, 403-4 Alexander I and, 490-94, 495-96, 500, 722Ո.53 of death, 513-15 heroes in, 505-6 Russia and, 494-96 of soldiers, 495-96 of war, 470-71 Pugachev, Emel’yan, 45 Puibusque, Louis-Guillaume, 444-45 Punic Wars, 447-48, 583Ո.23 Puschin, Pavel, 362-63, 492, 682-83Ո.19 Pushkin, Alexander fame with, 512-14 to Russia, xx-xxi, 143, 168-69, 4χ6 Putin, Vladimir, xx-xxi Qajar, Agha Muhammed, 123 Quintus Fabius, 447-48, 491, 583Ո.23 Radischev, Alexander, 191-92 Radozhitskii, Ilya, 362, 385-86, 420-21 Radziwiłł, Karol, 22 Rakovskii, Leontii, 171-72 Ranke, Leopold von, xxi rankings
military, xiv, xivr, 6, 522-23n.11, 535Ո.30, 667Ո.33 Table of Ranks, 11-12, 18, 152 Rapp, Jean, 390, 454 Rasputin, Gregory, 512 Rayevskii, Nikolai authority of, 376-77 on Barclay de Tolly, 363-64 Miloradovich to, 476 Murat and, 429 observations of, 399, 419-20, 453-54 Osterman-Tolstoy and, 415 in politics, 414 in service, 378, 391-92, 427-28 Razumovskii, Andrei, no-11,197-98, 203-5, 62in.30 Razumovskii, K., 10 reconnaissance from Bennigsen, 463 by Bonaparte, 374-76, 473 for Catherine II, 568η. 10 from France, 486 by Löwenstern, 711 n. 13 recruitment policy in, 638η. 5 politics of, 663Ո.55 reserve forces and, 67 5 η. 5 6 in Russia, 403 of soldiers, 378, 501-2
INDEX reform of Cadet Corps, 138-45, 583-84Ո.32, 584Ո.38 after Catherine II, 146-49 in education, 133-34, 138-45 resistance to, 135-36 in Russia, 138-45, 148-49, 165-66 to Selim III, 105-6, 121 Regimental Regulations (Suvorov), 20-21 Reimers, Heinrich Christoph von, 100-1, 105 reinforcements for Bagration, 214-15, 387, 391-92 for Bonaparte, 248-49, 399 military, 214-15 for Ney, 392-93 for Russia, 431 of soldiers, 90-91 from Steinheil, 481 supplies and, 410-11 in war, 235 for Yermolov, 459-60 religion birth records to, 7 Bonaparte and, 689η. 14 czars and, 567η.6 diplomacy and, 104, 340—41 holidays for, 102-3 in Istanbul, 114 in Ottoman Empire, 122, 124, 584η.38 psychology of, 381-82 in Russia, 3-4, 47-48, 568-69Ո.22 to Turks, 659η. 10 in war, 31, 45, 83-84, 90, 557Ո.88 Remarks on Infantry Service in General (Kutuzov, Mikhail), 50-51 Repnin, Nikolai illness of, 37 in Istanbul, 114-15 Izmail to, 560η. 13 leadership of, 83-84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, ЮЗ-4 observations of, 447-48 Potemkin, G., and, 564-66Ո.47 records of, 536η.36 relationship with, 88, 92-93, 560η. 12, 561-62Ո.24 reputation of, 66-67, 9°, 91-92, 99-100 service of, 30-31, 32, 35, 538η.68 Sineľnikovon, 537Ո.53 I 78i wealth of, 574Ո.9 Repninskii, Sergei, II, 286-87, 288-90 reserve forces, 675η.56 resignation, 598Ո.46 resistance, to reform, 135-36 Rezvyi, Dmitri, 290-91, 313 Ribas, Osip (José) de with flotillas, 66-67, 68-69, 7I-72 76, 86, 88 leadership of, 74, 552η.27, 555η.56 Ribeaupierre, Ivan (Jean-François), 75, 555Ո.59 Richelieu, Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis de on Izmail, 557-58Ո.89 observations of,
70-71, 77, 78, 79, 554Ո.53 soldiers to, 75, 555-56Ո.65 on Suvorov, 70 Rimskii-Korsakov, Alexander, 157-58, 476, 493-94 Rites of Service, 535Ո.29 Roberts, Andrew, 521-2 2 n. 6 Roncole, Filippo Paulucci delle, 709η.35 Rosen, Ivan, 192, 199-200, 604Ո.42 Rosenberg, Andrei, 668Ո.50 Rostopchin, Feodor, 69in.33 Alexander I and, 418-19, 689Ո.9 Bagration and, 690η. 31 Barclay de Tolly and, 418 Bennigsen and, 438 on Bonaparte, 404 correspondence with, 357, 370, 690Ո.28, 690Ո.30 criticism from, 141-42, 514 family of, 689η. 14 leadership of, 406-11, 695Ո.82 after Napoleonic Wars, 510 psychology of, 440-41 relationship with, 367, 407-8, 411-12, 417-18, 420-21, 694Ո.80 reputation of, 422, 430 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 8-9, 134 Ruehl, Johann Georg von, 61 in.21 rulers. See czars rules of war, 233 Rumyantsev, Nikolai, 443-44, 652η. 105 Rumyantsev, Peter, 133-34, 313, 535Ո.25 leadership of, 27-30, 31, 33-37, 38 observations of, 342
782 I INDEX Rumyantsev, Peter (cont.) relationship with, 539η.2, 657Ո.63 reputation of, 39, 44, 92--93, 536Ո.39 Russia. See also specific topics Austria and, 26-27, 159-60, 186-99, 202-5, 209-10, 211, 216-18, 23743, 249-52, 260-61, 481, 602η.28 Black Sea to, 659Ո.9 Bonaparte and, 162-63, 183-89, 2io13, 235-36, 336-37, 345-47, 3515 3, 363-64, 377, 383-85, 397-98, 404, 4o6֊7, 416-17 Britain and, 59, 77-78, 88, 162-63, 361-62, 561Ո.23, 593Ո.88 after Catherine II, 146-49 censorship in, 148-49 Civil War in, 511 communism in, 516—19 Crimea and, no-11, 125-26 culture of, 133-34, 368, 409-10 currency in, xiii-xiv czars in, xiv debt in, 644-45Ո.8 Decembrist Revolt, 509-10 defense of, 370-72, 376-79, 380/, 381, 391-92. 395-400, 455-58 diplomacy with, 100-12 elitism in, 177-78 Enlightenment in, 134-35 Europe and, 11-12, 17-19, 189-90,435, 465 fame in, xvii-xxi, 516-19 Finland and, 139, 155-56, 585Ո.46 France and, xvii, no-11, 129-30, 18890, 199-202, 214-15, 233-34, 244֊ 45, 258-61, 272, 282, 351, 372-74, 389-91, 415-16,426-31, 435-36, 447-54, 459-62,483-84, 485 General Armory of the Nobility of the Russian Empire, 3-4 Georgia and, 663Ո.54 Germany and, 100-1, 251-52, 351-53, 503-4 Gregorian New Style calendar in, xiii high society in, 141-45 history of, 44-46 Imperial Guard of, 19, 237, 249-50, 251, 256-57, 273-74 intelligence in, 268 Istanbul and, 82, 99, 101, 103, 108, 109 Italy and, 157-58 Legislative Commission, 23-24 literature in, xx Lithuania and, 172 masculinity in, 647Ո.43 modernity in, 11-13 morale in, 259-62, 404 Moscow to, 674η.50 to Murat, 621Ո.31 names in, xiii Napoleonic
Wars in, 385-89 nobility in, 527-28Ո.37 Order of Kutuzov in, xx Ottoman Empire and, xix-xx, 24—25, 27-29, 40-42, 55-63, 64-69, 74-81, 75/, 82, 83-84, 87-88, 98-101, 1034, 121, 127, 274-75, 284-89, 29194, 298-300, 332-34, 34Ī-42 in Patriotic War of 1812 514-15, 516 patronage culture in, 173-74 peasants in, 433-34 Poland and, 24-25, 27, 97-98, 150, 160, 276 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and, 97-99 politics in, 339-41, 464-65 propaganda in, 230-33 Prussia and, 64-65, 150-53, 240, 244, 497 public opinion and, 494-96 Pushkin to, xx-xxi, 143, 168-69, 416 recruitment in, 403 reform in, 138-45, 148-49, 165-66 reinforcements for, 431 religion in, 3-4, 47-48, 568-69Ո.22 reputation of, 497 Russo-Swedish Wars, 139 St. Petersburg Plan, 480-83 scouting by, 656-57Ո.50 in Second Coalition War, 157-58, 16061, 185, 242-43 seniority system in, 667Ո.33, 678Ո.96 Serbia and, 333 Society for the Lovers of Russian Literature, 133-34 society in, 10, 425-26 soldiers from, 361-63, 375-76, 381-82, 405-6 with Stalin, xx, 462, 516-і 9, 522~23n.11
INDEX I 783 strategy of, 82-93, 210-14, 219-25, 246-49,252-55,400-3 surveys in, 522η. 10 Sweden and, 27, 66, 139, 155-57, 273 585Ո.46 taxation in, 662Ո.44 Time of Troubles in, 5 travel in, 101-3, 604 treaties with, 632η. 112 in Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, 41, 45-46, 56, 92 Turkey and, 28, 60, 334-37 Turks and, 60, 92-93, 313-14 Ukraine and, 98, 100, 105 Ulm-Olmütz March-Maeuver to, 236 Unofficial Committee in, 165, 170, 174-76, 597Ո.32 Velvet Book in, 524Ո.8, 524η. 10 war and, 403-4, 406-11, 424-26 wealth of, 101, 339, 663Ո.53 in Western culture, xviii winter in, 141 in World War I, 511-і 2 xenophobia in, 357 Russian language, 523-24Ո.7 Russo-Ottoman War, 6, 29-38. See also specific topics authority in, 572Ո.68 Bauer in, no-11 diplomacy in, 327-31 France in, 127-28 heroes from, 348 intelligence from, 103-4 leadership in, 315-17, 319-23, 325-27 military after, 47-49 Russo-Ottoman Treaty, 275 strategy in, 323-25 Russo-Swedish Wars, 139, 585Ո.46, 668Ո.50 Sabaneyev, Ivan, 486 Sablukov, Nikolai, 147, 148-49, 164-65, 587-88Ո.4 St. Petersburg Plan, 480-83 Saltykov, Ivan, 536Ո.36 Saltykov, Nikolai, 356-57, 668Ո.50 Saltykova, Darya, 11 Saltykov-Schedrin, Mikhail, 9-10 Samoilov, Alexander, 66-67, 68-70, 74, 99 Sanglen, Jacob de, 418 Sardinia, 62ІП.28, 709η.35 Savary, Anne-Jean-Marie-René, 244-45 Savinovich, Ivan, 5 Scharnhorst, Gerhard von, xviii-xix, 347 Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, Peter August Friedrich of (prince), 18-19 Schmitt, Johann Heinrich von, 198-99, 220-21, 222-23, 243 scholarship, 594Ո.99, 601η.17, 647Ո.39, 676-77Ո.77, 732-ՅՅՈ.5Օ, 733Ո-52 Schwarzenberg, Karl
Philip, 345-46,494,498 scouting by Cossacks, 363 by France, 372 by Russia, 656-57Ո.50 Sebastiani, Horace, 426-27, 428, 449 Second Coalition War, 157-58, 160-61, 185, 242-43 Ségur, Louis-Philippe de, 54-55, 400, 454, 475,486-87 Selim III (sultan), 84, 92, 98-99 Bonaparte to, 275-76 death of, 276, 281-82 France to, 126-27, 275 leadership of, 113, 128-29 military to, 124 policy of, 115 reform to, 105-6, 121 relationship with, 581Ո.96 reputation with, 131 war to, 125-26 wealth of, 118-19, 127-28 Selyavin, N., 500 Semenov, Sergei, 235-36 Sémonville, Charles Louis Huguet, но-n seniority system, 667η.33, 678Ո.96 Seraskir Osman Pasha, 85 Serbia autonomy of, 659η. 10 independence of, 341-42 Russia and, 333 serfs, io, 11-12, 45, 527Ո.36, 528Ո.43 Serres, Marcel de, 227 Seslavin, Alexander, 432-33,457-58 Seven Years’ War, 17-18, 20-21, 26-27, . 273, 276, 534-35Ո.22 Severin, Ivan, 126-27, 569η.30 Shepelev, Dmitri, 449 Sherbatov, Alexander, 641-42Ո.42 Sherbinin, Alexander, 362, 365-66, 438, 442
784 I INDEX Sheremetev, Boris, 5 Sheremetev, N., 644-45Ո.8 Shevardino Redoubt, 372-73, 385, 676— 77η.77, 680Ո.104 Shiryaev, Fedor, 71-72 Shishkov, Alexander, 470-71, 499 Shubin, A., 176-77 Shuvalov (count), 15-16, 355-56 Shuvalov, Peter (prince), 14-15 Silahdar Mehmed Pasha, 36-37 Sinel’nikov, Filip on birth, 5 26η. 19 on Catherine II, 533Ո.6 on heroes, 532Ո.83 mistakes by, 536Ո.43 observations of, 23, 24-25, 48, 60-61, 514 on Ottoman Empire, 561Ո.19 on Repnin, 537η.53 Smirnov, A., 519 Smolenskii Infantry Regiment, 29, 36 society Alexander I in, 346-47 high, 141-45, 152-53, 154, 169 military and, 148, 492 of Moscow, 404, 416 Muscovite, 407-8, 409 nobility and, 350-51 reputation in, 359-60 in Russia, 10, 425-26 Society for the Lovers of Russian Literature, 133-34 war to, 516 Soglaev, V., 519, 556Ո.66 Sokolov, Oleg, 620Ո.27 Sokolovskii, Vasilii, 517 soldiers accounts from, 76-77 appreciation of, 471-72 at Babadag, 88 to Barclay de Tolly, 405 behavior of, 258-59, бііп.18 of Bonaparte, 394, 401-2 to Chicherin, 478 to Clausewitz, 393, 398, 473 compensation to, 78-79 in darkness, 555η.56 discipline with, 673Ո.38, 688n.2 diseases of, 635-36Ո.17 to Dokhturov, 238-39 education of, 139 food for, 209-10, 381, 626Ո.32 health of, 547η.34 illness of, 478-79 intoxication of, 682-83Ո.19, 695Ո.93 jägers and, 684-85Ո.47 knapsacks of, 642Ո.45 with Langeron, 80, 246, 278-79 leadership with, 431-34, 450-54, 500 in Moscow, 434-36 muskets of, 635η. 14 in Napoleonic Wars, 389-91 of Ottoman Empire, 329, 330-31, 557η.88 payment of, 688Ո.105 to Potemkin, G., 60 psychology of, 382, 400, 419-20, 431,
455 public opinion of, 495-96 recruitment of, 378, 501-2 reinforcements of, 90-91 rest for, 497-98 to Richelieu, 75, 555-56Ո.65 from Russia, 361-63, 375-76, 381-82, 405-6 strategy with, 460-61 suicide and, 586Ո.49 unions of, 603η.31 in war, 59-60, 214, 388, 489-90 weather to, 213, 374, 478-79, 484-85 winter to, 68-69 to Yermolov, 378, 381 Soltyk, Roman, 385-86 Soviet Military Encyclopedia, 236 Soviet Union collapse of, xx-xxi heroes of, xviii, 516-19, 540η. 16, 693-94Ո.69 policy in, 516-19 propaganda by, 686-87Ո.87, 687η. 100, 7і8п.з, 727Ո.47 Tolstoy, L., to, xx-xxi Spain, 68-69 Britain and, 84 France and, 345, 447-48 Italy and, 150 Spanish fly, 554η.51 Stackeiberg, Otto von, 432-33 Stalin, Joseph, xx, 462, 516-19, 52223n.11, 731Ո.34
INDEX I 785 Stein, Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum, 498-99 Steinheil, Faddei von, 156-57, 346-47, 480-81 Stourdza, Roxandra, 359-60 Strauch, Gottfried von, 193, 6օ6ո.6շ Stroganov, Pavel, 393 Struve, Johann Christian von, 105 Stutterheim, Karl Wilhelm von, 238, 246- 47, 248 suicide, 586Ո.49 supplies, 402-3 for Bonaparte, 427-28, 433-34 firewood, 649Ո.70 hay, 649Ո.70 military, 6օ6ո.6շ, 627Ո.42 of muskets, 640Ո.22 reinforcements and, 410-11 Surrugues, Abbe, 423 surveys, in Russia, 522η.10 Suçu, Draco, 107, 108 Suvorov (Lopatin), 532-33Ո.1 Suvorov, Alexander, xx-xxi, 20-21, 45 Austria to, 159-60 authority of, 57-58, 556Ո.66, 568η. 13 Council of War to, 70 Damas on, 552Ո.31 diplomacy of, 188-89 exile of, 149, 156, 157-58 in high society, 141-42 in history, 516-17, 532-33Ո.1 leadership of, 69-74, 157-58 Mikhailovskii-Danilevskii on, 240-41 Ottoman Empire to, 5 5 3η. 39 Potemkin, G., and, 69-70, 75 relationship with, 48-49, 74-81, 75/, 92-93, i57֊58, 55ՅՈ.4Յ, 556Ո.70 reports from, 555Ո.63 reputation of, 62-63, χ6ο, 198, 207, 240-41, 242-43, 284, 554Ո.47 Richelieu on, 70 success of, 641Ո.40 support for, 552η.27 Suvorov, Arkadii, 306-7 Suzdalskii Infantry Regiment, 21 Sverbeyev, Dmitri, 419 Sweden Alexander I and, 185 Britain and, 163-64, 244, 337-38 to Catherine II, 97 Finland and, 139-40 Gustav IV Adolf of, 139-40, 163-64 leadership in, 585-86Ո.47 Norway and, 3-4 Ottoman Empire and, 64 Russia and, 27, 66, 139, 155-57, 273 585Ո.46 Russo-Swedish Wars, 139 strategy with, 155-57 Switzerland, 157-58, 159-60, 161-62, 185-86, 207, 324-25, 668Ո.50 Table of Ranks, 11-12, 18, 152 tact,
in diplomacy, 118, 120 Tarle, Eugene, 516-17, 518-19, 731η.34, 732Ո.45 Tartars. See Tatars Tarutino maneuver, 426-28, 514-15 Tatars auxiliaries, 32-33, 40-41 cavalry of, 31, 33-34, 87, 699Ո.8 reputation of, 28, 70, Tļ-jS Turks and, 563Ո.32 Tatischev, Nikolai, 668Ո.50 Taurida Jäger Corps, 51-52, 83 taxation, 340, 662Ո.44 Tchaikovskii, Pyotr, xx-xxi Tekelli, Peter, 37 Tiesenhausen, Berend Gregor Ferdinand von, 178, 193, 197-98, 221-22, 257, 259, 268 Tiesenhausen, Catherine von (granddaughter), 5x2 Tiesenhausen, Darya (granddaughter). See Ficquelmont, Countess Daria Tiesenhausen, Ekaterina (granddaughter), 271-72 Tiesenhausen, Elisabeth von. See Golenischev-Kutuzov, Elisabeth Tikhonov, I., 6—7, 519 Tikhonov, Nikifor, 83 Time of Troubles, 5 Tisenhaus, Sophie de, 168 Toll, Karl Wilhelm von, 138, 248, 251-52 Bennigsen and, 371-72, 449, 477-78 in Cadet Corps, 365-66 in cluster, 678Ո.95 Euler and, 713Ո.36 Konovnitsyn and, 468 leadership of, 370-7 x
786 I INDEX Toll, Karl Wilhelm von (cont.) Michaud and, 411 after Napoleonic Wars, 510 observations of, 257 Platov and, 393-94 praise of, 708Ո.24 relationship with, 413-14, 438, 463 reputation of, 393 service of, 400-1 strategy of, 676-77Ո.77 Yermolov and, 440, 717Ո.51 Tolstoy, Dmitri, 511-і 2 Tolstoy, Fedor, 154, 360 Tolstoy, Feofil, 511-і 2 Tolstoy, Illarion, 154 Tolstoy, Ivan, 511-12 Tolstoy, Leo. See also War and Peace affairs to, 304-5 imagination of, 202-3, 384, 515-16 inspiration and, 228-29, 233-34 to Soviet Union, xx—xxi in Western culture, xix-xx, 225 Tolstoy, Matvey Fedorovich, 154, 351, 511 Tolstoy, Nikolai, 251-52 Tolstoy, Pavel, 154, 511 Tolstoy, Peter, 186-87, 690Ո.30 Tormasov, Alexander, 90-91, 186, 192, 356-57, 369, 474-75,480 Totfalushin, V., 519 trade, 663Ո.45 training camps, 279—80, 545Ո.9 Traskin, E., 380/ travel in Europe, 43-44, 53-54 with family, 104-5 in Russia, 101-3, 604 weather and, 572η.53 treaties, 92 Armistice of Slobozia, 278, 282 authority in, 662η.38 at Convention of Tauroggen, 497, 501-2 diplomacy and, 345-46 with Russia, 632η. 112 Russo-Ottoman Treaty, 275 from Russo-Swedish Wars, 585Ո.46 after war, 92, 341-42 Treaty of Basel, 150-51 Treaty of Bucharest, 341-42 Treaty of Campo Formio, 150 Treaty ofjassy, 98-101, 108, 275-76, 658η.69 Treaty of Kalisch, 501-2 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, 41, 45-46, 56, 92 Treaty of Lunéville, 183 Treaty of Tilsit, 274-75, 276 trenches, 641Ո.33 Troitskii, Nikolai, 519 Trousson, Ch., 678η.95 Tsebrikov, Roman, 59-60 Tuchkov, Nikolai, 378-79, 380/, 381 Bagration and, 390 injuries of, 401-2 punishment of, 718Ո.8
Tuchkov, Sergei, 12-13, 339 Tuchkov, Sergei, II, 305 Tuiskii Infantry Regiment, 45-46 Turgenev, Nikolai, 507 Turkey, 333, 334-39. See also Ottoman Empire Turkish language, 523-24Ո.7 Turks, 28, 30. See also Ottoman Empire in battle, 315-16 to Bonaparte, 318, 331 Cossacks and, 102-3 culture of, 106, 123 customs of, 116-18 defense of, 86 diplomacy with, 332-34, 660Ո.18 espionage by, 123-24 France and, 334-37 history of, 226, 557Ո.88, 564Ո.46 hospitality of, 109 intelligence and, 107-8, 281-84 Langeron on, 651η.102 military of, 280, 290, 298-300, 307-9, 319, 551Ո.14, 555Ո.56 religion to, 659η. I о reputation of, 93, 100, 103, 107-8, 114, 300, 329-30 Russia and, 60, 92-93, 313-14 strategy with, 66, 69, 71 Tatars and, 563Ո.32 war with, 288-91, 668-69Ո.53 wealth of, 106-7 Tyrconnell, George Carpenter of, 482-83, 489, 720Ո.20, 721Ո.29 Ukraine, 54-55 Chichagov in, 427 Cossacks from, 26
INDEX I 787 Crimea and, 54-55, 270 exile in, 177-80 history of, 54ՕՈ.17 Russia and, 98, 100, 105 Ulanius, Karl, 222 Ulm-Olmütz March-Maeuver, 236 unions, of soldiers, 603Ո.31 United States, 126, 70in.34 Unofficial Committee, 165, 170, 174-76, 597Ո.32 Ushakov, Fedor, 65,66, 522-23n.11, 564Ո.46 Uvarov, Fedor, 179, 393-94, 414 Vadbolskii, Ivan, 432-33 Valette, Jean Parisot La, 162 Vasiliev, A., 519 Velvet Book, 5, 524η.8, 524η.io Veľyashev-Volyntsev, Ivan, 17 Victor Emmanuel I (king), 621Ո.28, 709Ո.35 Vienna. See also Austria diplomacy in, 621η.30 to France, 229-30 to Francis, 227 importance of, 226-28 Vistitskii, Mikhail, 364, 365-66, 371-72, 390-91, 678η.95, 683-84Ո.31 Voeikov, A., 513-14 Voinov, Alexander, 305 Volkonskii, Gregory, 88, 91-92 Volkonskii, Peter, 179, 250-51, 435-37, 443, 5OO 7°3п.б5 Volkova, Maria, 351, 410 Voltaire, 509 volunteers, 74, 5 5 in. 15 Vom Kriege (Clausewitz), 510 Voronikhin, Andrei, 507 Vorontsov, Mikhail, 328, 347, 390, 399-400, 507 Vorontsov, Semen, 99, 139, 158-59, 261, 535Ո.25, 633η.126, 668Ո.50 Voyeikov, Aleksey, 645η. 16 Vyazemskii, Alexander, 5 34η. 12 Vyazemskii, Peter, 513-14, 515-16, 669Ո.61 Vyazemskii, Vasilii, 286-87, 288-89, 401-2 Vyazmitinov, Sergei, 356-57 war. See also specific topics to Alexander I, 184, 498-99 to Austria, 242-43, 259 against Bonaparte, 364-65, 366-70, 372-74, 392-95 with Britain, 337 casualties of, 79-80 to Catherine II, 36-37 communication in, 215-18 diplomacy in, 247 in Europe, 124-25, 127-29, 157-60 family and, 369-70 France and, 214, 489 ideology of, 425-26 injuries in, 548Ո.41 intelligence in, 210-11,
219-25, 426-31 in Macin, 564-65, 566η.51 maps in, 380/ Moscow in, 455-56 motive in, 705η. 102 to Paul I, 160-61 peasants in, 442 politics of, 188-90 preparations for, 383-85 psychology of, 687Ո.94 public opinion of, 470-71 reinforcements in, 235 religion in, 31, 45, 83-84, 90, 557Ո.88 rules of, 73-74, 78, 233, 654-55Ո.26 Russia and, 403-4, 406-11, 424-26 to Selim III, 125-26 to society, 516 soldiers in, 59-60, 214, 388, 489-90 strategy in, 361-63, 431-34 trade in, 663Ո.45 treaties after, 92, 341-42 with Turks, 288-91, 668-69Ո.53 weather in, 207-8, 214, 252, 373-74, 446-47 to Wilson, 489 winter in, 219-20 War and Peace (Tolstoy, L.), xix~xx, 202-3, 213, 257, 384, 515-16 War of 1812, 59 War of the Austrian Succession, 26-27 Waterloo, 509 wealth of Alexander I, 268-69 of Cadet Corps, 137-38, 584Ո.34 of czars, 63 5η. 12 of Golenischev-Kutuzov family, 11 investments with, 579Ո.71
788 I INDEX wealth (cont.) of Izmail, 557Ո.81 as landowner, no loss of, 177-80, 297-98 of military, 404 of nobility, 296-97 of Ottoman Empire, 105, 109, 113, 11415,п8 of Repnin, 574Ո.9 of Russia, 101, 339, 663Ո.53 of Selim III, 118-19, 127-28 from serfs, 11-і 2 of Turks, 106-7 weather to Bonaparte, 383, 471 to Caulaincourt, 706η. 5 military and, 431-34 to soldiers, 213, 374, 478-79, 484-85 travel and, 572Ո.53 in war, 207-8, 214, 252, 373-74,446-47 winter, 68-69, 141, 219-20, 272, 273 Weissman, Otto-Adolf, 538Ո.68 Wellesley, Arthur, 358-59, 421-22 Wellington, Duke of, xviii-xix, 347, 358-59, 421-22, 506 Western culture Bonaparte in, xix czars in, 171-72 diplomacy in, 119 influence from, 11-і 2 literature in, xix-xx modernity in, 15 Napoleonic Wars in, xviii Russia in, xviii Tolstoy, L., in, xix-xx, 225 Weyrother, Franz von leadership of, 248, 250, 253-54 reputation of, 250-51, 626η.29 strategy of, 242—43, 246, 251 Whitworth, Charles, 164-65 Wilhelmina Carolina (princess), 152-53 Wilhelmina IX of Hesse-Kassel, 15 2-5 3 Wilkinson, William, 646Ո.27 Wilson, Robert, xviii, 355 Alexander I and, 430, 493-94, 500, 722η.52 Bennigsen and, 361-62 criticism from, 476-77, 709Ո.35, 719-20Ո.19 France to, 469 heroes to, 475 Löwenstern and, 477-78 memoirs of, 705Ո.104, 722Ո.53 observations of, 367-68, 370-71, 442, 448, 452, 462, 494, 500-1 relationship with, 441-42, 450-51, 462-65 reputation of, 443, 492-93 war to, 489 Yermolov and, 457-58 winter military in, 273 in Poland, 272 in Russia, 141 to soldiers, 68—69 in war, 219-20 Wintzingerode, Ferdinand Karl Friedrich, 186, 191,193, 231-32,
233, 600Ո.15, 620Ո.24 Wittgenstein, Peter, 348-49, 369, 469, 473, 480 Bonaparte to, 485-86 Chichagov and, 473, 481, 484-85, 498 Clausewitz and, 485 leadership of, 481-82, 505 in pursuit, 486-87, 503 relationship with, 482, 716Ո.36 reputation of, 488, 494-95 service of, 502, 724Ո.2 Steinheil and, 480-81 to Yermolov, 723Ո.62 “The Wolf in the Kennel” (Krylov), 445 Wolzogen, Ludwig von, 398-99, 470-71 women, affairs with, 300-5 Wordsworth, William, 82 World War I, 511-12, 727Ո.47 World War II, xx, 517 Wrede, Karl Philipp von, 608Ո.87 Württemberg, Eugene de, 368, 412, 414, 441-42, 479, 678Ո.96, 695Ո.82 Wylie, James, 260-61, 504 xenophobia, 357, 407 Yablochkin, Yu., 6-7, 526η.18 Yadegar Mohammad of Kazan, 524Ո.9 Yağlıkçızade Mehmet Emin Pasha, 28 Yashvil, Vladimir, 164-65
INDEX I 789 Yermolov, Alexey, 246-47, 252, 259, 39192 437-յ8 Bagration and, 622Ո.35 Barclay de Tolly and, 439-40 in cluster, 678Ո.95 criticism from, 476, 491 Dokhturov and, 458 leadership of, 391-92, 458 memoirs of, 692Ո.59, 693η.68 Miloradovich and, 451-52 after Napoleonic Wars, 510 observations of, 191, 209-10, 214-15, 390-91, 412, 413-14, 420, 426-28, 450-51, 469, 484-85 Platov and, 713η.35 in politics, 494-95 reinforcements for, 459-60 relationship with, 449-50, 476-77 reputation of, 364 in service, 449 soldiers to, 378, 381 Toll and, 440, 717Ո.51 Uvarov and, 414 Wilson and, 457-58 Wittgenstein to, 723η.62 Yorck, Johann von, 497 Yusuf Pasha, 283, 298, 307-8 Yusupov, Boris Grigoryevich, 133 Yusupov, Felix, 512 Yusupov, I., 644-45Ո.8 Zakrevskii, Arsenii, 347, 355-56, 443-44 Zass, Andrey, 305, 311, 320-21, 328, 653η.10 Zemtsov, V, 519 Zherebtsova, Olga, 165 Zhilin, Pavel, 171-72, 518-19, 718Ո.3, 732Ո.42, 732Ո.44 Zhirkevich, Ivan, 140-41, 246-47 Zhukov, Georgi, xx-xxi Zolotov, Feldfebel, 684-85Ո.47 Zorich, Semyon, 568-69Ո.22 Zotov, Rafail, 487-88 Zubov, Nikolai, 164-65, 167 Zubov, Platon, 141-44, 164-65, 167 Zubov, Valerian, 174-75 Bayerisch Staatsbibliothek į |
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| author | Mik̕aberije, Alek̕sandre 1978- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1182352987 |
| author_facet | Mik̕aberije, Alek̕sandre 1978- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Mik̕aberije, Alek̕sandre 1978- |
| author_variant | a m am |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048509234 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1348288607 (DE-599)BVBBV048509234 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Biografie |
| id | DE-604.BV048509234 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T20:47:07Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-31T00:14:50Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780197546734 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033886320 |
| oclc_num | 1348288607 |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | xxi, 789 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts (teilweise farbig) |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20221123 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
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| spelling | Mik̕aberije, Alek̕sandre 1978- Verfasser (DE-588)1182352987 aut Kutuzov a life in war and peace Alexander Mikaberidze New York, NY Oxford University Press [2022] xxi, 789 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts (teilweise farbig) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "The first modern English-language biography of Mikhail Golenischev-Kutuzov, the famed Russian Field Marshal and central character of Leo Tolstoy's epic "War and Peace." One of the most important military minds of the period, he is credited with defeating Napoleon and saving Russia, though his fame is not limited to the Napoleonic wars. As it often happens with national heroes, Kutuzov gradually became larger than life, a messianic character who led Holy Russia against the evils of the Revolution and anarchy; the Soviet leaders later exploited his personality for even more grandiose schemes. The real Kutuzov was gradually replaced by a mythical character who appeared at a time of great danger to save Russia. The impact of this propaganda can be still seen in modern Russia: In 2000, the public opinion poll showed that majority of the Russians consider Kutuzov as "the Person of the 19th Century," far ahead of famous writers Alexander Pushkin and Leo Tolstoy, composer Peter Tchaikovsky or scientist Dmitry Mendeleyev, while the 2017 public opinion poll placed Kutuzov in the top twenty of the most distinguished historical personalities in world history (slightly behind Napoleon). As much as Kutuzov is venerated in Russia, he remains an overlooked figure in the West, with Western historiography comprising of just a handful of titles in English, French or German, the vast majority of them translations of older Soviet works or derived from them. This book provides a new biography of the field marshal, examining his personal life and military/diplomatic accomplishments, and relying on a wide range of primary and secondary sources as well as Russian archival material. Mikaberidze offers a fresh look at the historical figure whose character remains elusive but whose accomplishments are irrefutable."-- Kutuzov, Michail I. 1745-1813 (DE-588)118987437 gnd rswk-swf Kutuzov, Mikhail Illarionovich / svetleĭshiĭ kni͡azʹ Smolenskiĭ / 1745-1813 Generals / Russia / Biography Napoleonic Wars, 1800-1815 / Campaigns / Russia Généraux / Russie / Biographies Guerres napoléoniennes, 1800-1815 / Campagnes et batailles / Russie HISTORY / Europe / Eastern Generals Military campaigns Russia 1800-1815 Biographies (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Kutuzov, Michail I. 1745-1813 (DE-588)118987437 p DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-19-754674-1 Mikaberidze, Alexander Kutuzov New York, NY : Oxford University Press, 2022 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033886320&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033886320&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033886320&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Mik̕aberije, Alek̕sandre 1978- Kutuzov a life in war and peace Kutuzov, Michail I. 1745-1813 (DE-588)118987437 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118987437 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | Kutuzov a life in war and peace |
| title_auth | Kutuzov a life in war and peace |
| title_exact_search | Kutuzov a life in war and peace |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Kutuzov a life in war and peace |
| title_full | Kutuzov a life in war and peace Alexander Mikaberidze |
| title_fullStr | Kutuzov a life in war and peace Alexander Mikaberidze |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kutuzov a life in war and peace Alexander Mikaberidze |
| title_short | Kutuzov |
| title_sort | kutuzov a life in war and peace |
| title_sub | a life in war and peace |
| topic | Kutuzov, Michail I. 1745-1813 (DE-588)118987437 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kutuzov, Michail I. 1745-1813 Biografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033886320&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033886320&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033886320&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mikaberijealeksandre kutuzovalifeinwarandpeace |