Obstetric medicine: the subspecialty at the intersection of internal medicine and obstetrics
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin ; Boston
De Gruyter
[2022]
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Hot topics in perinatal medicine
volume 6 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9783110614596 Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | XXXI, 514 Seiten Illustrationen 25 cm, 1036 g |
| ISBN: | 9783110614596 3110614596 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Obstetric medicine |b the subspecialty at the intersection of internal medicine and obstetrics |c Shital Gandhi, Dan Farine (eds.) |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin ; Boston |b De Gruyter |c [2022] | |
| 300 | |a XXXI, 514 Seiten |b Illustrationen |c 25 cm, 1036 g | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Hot topics in perinatal medicine |v volume 6 | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Gandhi, Shital |0 (DE-588)125710974X |4 edt | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Farine, Dan |d ca. 20./21. Jh. |0 (DE-588)107240706X |4 edt | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804184458829496320 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
LIST
OF
CONTRIBUTORS
-
XXVII
SHITAL
GANDHI,
DAN
FARINE
1
INTRODUCTION
-
1
1.1
WHAT
IS
OBSTETRIC
MEDICINE?
-
1
1.2
WHY
OBSTETRIC
MEDICINE?
-
2
GALI
PARIENTE,
GIDEON
KOREN
2
APPROACH
TO
SAFE
USE
OF
MEDICATIONS
IN
PREGNANCY
-
5
2.1
INTRODUCTION
----
5
2.2
MEDICATION
USE
IN
PREGNANCY
-
5
2.3
TERATOGENICITY
-----6
2.3.1
TIMING
OF
EXPOSURE
-
6
2.3.2
TERATOGENIC
MECHANISMS
----
7
2.3.3
LABELING
REQUIREMENTS
-
7
2.4
DRUG
PHARMACOKINETICS
-----8
2.4.1
PREGNANCY-INDUCED
PHARMACOKINETIC
(PK)
CHANGES
OF
DRUGS
-
8
2.4.2
PLACENTAL
DRUG
TRANSFER
-
9
2.5
DRUG
PHARMACODYNAMICS
-
9
2.5.1
MATERNAL
DRUG
ACTIONS
----
9
2.5.2
DRUGS
OF
CHOICE
----
10
2.6
THERAPEUTIC
DRUG
ACTIONS
IN
THE
FETUS
-
13
2.7
PROVEN
TERATOGENIC
DRUGS
IN
HUMANS
-
13
2.7.1
DRUGS
FOR
CARDIOVASCULAR
DISORDERS
-
13
2.7.2
DRUGS
FOR
NEUROLOGICAL
DISORDERS
-
14
2.7.3
DRUGS
OF
ABUSE
----
14
2.7.4
DRUGS
USED
FOR
INFECTION
AND
INFLAMMATION
-
14
2.7.5
DRUGS
FOR
NAUSEA
AND
VOMITING
-
15
2.7.6
OTHER
DRUGS
--
15
2.8
DRUGS
IN
NORMAL
LABOR
AND
DELIVERY
-
16
2.8.1
PHARMACOLOGIC
MANAGEMENT
OF
PAIN
DURING
LABOR
AND
DELIVERY
----
16
2.8.2
DRUGS
FOR
MANAGEMENT
OF
LABOR
PROTRACTION
OR
ARREST
DISORDERS
-
16
2.9
CONCLUSION
----
18
REFERENCES
-
19
VIII
-
CONTENTS
SIOBHAN
BACON,
ANN
MCNAMARA
3
APPROACH
TO
DIAGNOSTIC
IMAGING
IN
PREGNANCY
-
23
3.1
INTRODUCTION
-
23
3.2
FETAL
EFFECTS
OF
RADIATION:
TERATOGENICITY
-
23
3.3
FETAL
EFFECTS
OF
RADIATION:
ONCOGENESIS
-
25
3.4
MATERNAL
EFFECTS
OF
IONIZING
RADIATION
-
25
3.5
SPECIFIC
MODALITIES:
NON-IONIZING
RADIATION
-
26
3.5.1
ULTRASOUND
----
26
3.5.2
MAGNETIC
RESONANCE
IMAGING
(MRI)
----
26
3.6
SPECIFIC
MODALITIES:
IONIZING
RADIATION
-
27
3.6.1
PLAIN
FILM
----
27
3.6.2
COMPUTED
TOMOGRAPHY
(CT)
-
27
3.7
NUCLEAR
IMAGING:
POSITRON
EMISSION
TOMOGRAPHY
SCANNING
SCAN
-
27
3.8
IMAGING
IN
PARTICULAR
CLINICAL
SCENARIOS
-
28
3.8.1
HEADACHE
----
28
3.8.2
NON-OBSTETRIC
ABDOMINAL
PAIN
----
29
3.8.3
SUSPECTED
PULMONARY
EMBOLISM
-
30
3.9
CONTRAST
AGENTS
-----
30
3.9.1
GADOLINIUM
-----30
3.9.2
IODINATED
CONTRAST
-
31
3.10
HOW
TO
REDUCE
RADIATION
EXPOSURE
-
31
3.11
LACTATION
----
32
CONCLUSION
----
32
GLOSSARY
----
32
REFERENCES
-
33
JENNIFER
YO,
SHITAL
GANDHI
4
CHRONIC
HYPERTENSION
-
35
4.1
INTRODUCTION
----
35
4.2
DEFINITION
AND
DIAGNOSTIC
CRITERIA
FOR
HYPERTENSIVE
DISORDERS
IN
PREGNANCY
-
35
4.2.1
GESTATIONAL
HYPERTENSION
-
35
4.2.2
PREECLAMPSIA
----
36
4.2.3
CHRONIC
HYPERTENSION
----
36
4.2.4
CHRONIC
HYPERTENSION
WITH
SUPERIMPOSED
PREECLAMPSIA
-
37
4.2.5
WHITE
COAT
HYPERTENSION
-
37
4.3
NORMAL
HEMODYNAMIC
CHANGES
IN
PREGNANCY
-
37
4.4
COMORBID
CONDITIONS
----
38
4.5
PREGNANCY
COMPLICATIONS
IN
WOMEN
WITH
CHRONIC
HYPERTENSION
-----39
4.5.1
MATERNAL
RISKS
-
39
4.5.2
FETAL
RISKS
-
39
CONTENTS
-
IX
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.8.1
PATIENT
EVALUATION
-
39
BLOOD
PRESSURE
MEASUREMENT
-
40
BLOOD
PRESSURE
TARGET
IN
PREGNANCY
----
40
MANAGEMENT
OF
NON-SEVERE
HYPERTENSION
(BP
140-159/90-110
MMHG)
----
40
4.8.2
4.9
4.9.1
4.9.2
4.9.3
4.9.4
4.9.5
MANAGEMENT
OF
SEVERE
HYPERTENSION
(BP
A
160/110
MMHG)
-
42
CHOICE
OF
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE
AGENT
-
42
SYMPATHETIC
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
INHIBITION
-
43
BETA-ADRENERGIC
BLOCKERS
-
43
CALCIUM
CHANNEL
BLOCKERS
-
44
DIRECT
VASODILATORS
-
44
ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING
ENZYME
INHIBITORS
AND
ANGIOTENSIN
RECEPTOR
ANTAGONISTS
-
45
4.10
MANAGEMENT
OF
POSTPARTUM
HYPERTENSION
-
45
REFERENCES
-
46
LAURA
BERALL,
MICHELLE
A.
HLADUNEWICH
5
KIDNEY
DISEASE
IN
PREGNANCY
-
49
5.1
INTRODUCTION
-
49
5.2
RENAL
PHYSIOLOGY
IN
NORMAL
PREGNANCY
AND
THE
DIAGNOSIS
OF
KIDNEY
DISEASE
-----49
5.3
RENAL
BIOPSY
IN
PREGNANCY
-
51
5.4
ACUTE
KIDNEY
INJURY
IN
PREGNANCY
-
51
5.5
PREGNANCY
IN
WOMEN
WITH
CHRONIC
KIDNEY
DISEASE
-
56
5.5.1
PREPREGNANCY
COUNSELING
AND
OPTIMIZATION
-
56
5.5.2
MANAGEMENT
OF
CKD
IN
PREGNANCY
-
57
5.5.3
POSTPARTUM
CARE
----
58
5.6
DISEASE-SPECIFIC
COMMENTS
-
59
5.6.1
LUPUS
NEPHRITIS
IN
PREGNANCY
-
59
5.6.2
DIABETIC
NEPHROPATHY
IN
PREGNANCY
----
59
5.6.3
HEREDITARY
KIDNEY
DISEASE
IN
PREGNANCY
-
60
5.7
PREGNANCY
IN
END-STAGE
KIDNEY
DISEASE
-
61
5.7.1
PREGNANCY
AND
RENAL
TRANSPLANT
RECIPIENTS
-
61
5.7.2
PREGNANCY
IN
WOMEN
ON
DIALYSIS
-
61
5.8
CONCLUSION
-----62
REFERENCES
----
63
KELSEY
MCLAUGHLIN,
MELANIE
C.
AUDETTE,
SEBASTIAN
R.
HOBSON,
JOHN
C.
KINGDOM
6
PREECLAMPSIA
-
69
6.1
INTRODUCTION
----
69
6.2
PREECLAMPSIA
PATHOGENESIS:
STAGE
1
----
70
XII
-
CONTENTS
9.6
PERIMORTEM
CAESARIAN
SECTION
DELIVERY
-
125
9.7
MECHANICAL
SUPPORT
AND
INTENSIVE
CARE
MANAGEMENT
-
126
9.8
OUTCOMES
AND
TRAINING
PERSPECTIVES
-
127
REFERENCES
----
127
STEPHANIE
C.
LAPINSKY,
STEPHEN
E.
LAPINSKY
10
CRITICAL
CARE
IN
PREGNANCY
-
131
10.1
INTRODUCTION
-
131
10.2
PHYSIOLOGIC
CHANGES
IN
PREGNANCY
-
131
10.3
CRITICAL
ILLNESS
IN
PREGNANCY
-
133
10.4
CRITICAL
CARE
MANAGEMENT:
ICU
DRUG
THERAPY
IN
PREGNANCY
-
134
10.4.1
CATECHOLAMINES
----
134
10.4.2
SEDATION,
ANALGESIA,
AND
NEUROMUSCULAR
BLOCKADE
-
134
10.5
VENTILATORY
SUPPORT
----
135
10.5.1
NONINVASIVE
VENTILATION
----
135
10.5.2
AIRWAY
MANAGEMENT
----
135
10.5.3
MECHANICAL
VENTILATION
----
135
10.6
PREGNANCY-SPECIFIC
CONDITIONS
REQUIRING
ICU
CARE
-
136
10.6.1
ACUTE
FATTY
LIVER
OF
PREGNANCY
-----
137
10.6.2
AMNIOTIC
FLUID
EMBOLISM
----
137
10.6.3
OBSTETRIC
HEMORRHAGE
-
138
10.6.4
TOCOLYTIC
PULMONARY
EDEMA
----
139
10.7
CONDITIONS
NOT
SPECIFIC
TO
PREGNANCY
-
139
10.7.1
ACUTE
RESPIRATORY
DISTRESS
SYNDROME
IN
PREGNANCY
-
139
10.7.2
THYROID
STORM
----
139
10.7.3
TRAUMA
----
140
REFERENCES
----
141
DINA
REFAAT,
MOHAMED
MOMTAZ
11
AMNIOTIC
FLUID
EMBOLISM----
145
11.1
INTRODUCTION
----
145
11.1.1
HISTORY
----
145
11.1.2
DEFINITION
----
146
11.1.3
INCIDENCE
----
146
11.2
RISK
FACTORS
----
147
11.3
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
----
147
11.4
CLINICAL
PRESENTATIONS
-------
148
11.5
DIAGNOSIS
----
148
11.6
DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSIS
-------
149
11.6.1
MYOCARDIAL
INFARCTION
-
149
11.6.2
PULMONARY
EMBOLISM
----
149
11.6.3
ANESTHETIC
COMPLICATIONS
----
149
CONTENTS
----
XIII
11.6.4
AIR
EMBOLISM
----
150
11.6.5
ECLAMPSIA
----
150
11.6.6
TRANSFUSION
REACTIONS
-
150
11.6.7
ANAPHYLACTIC
SHOCK
----
150
11.7
MANAGEMENT
----
150
11.8
COMPLICATIONS
----
152
11.8.1
MATERNAL
COMPLICATIONS
-
152
11.8.2
FETAL
COMPLICATIONS
-
153
REFERENCES
----
154
SAM
SCHULMAN,
ALEKSANDER
MAKATSARIYA
12
VENOUS
THROMBOEMBOLISM
IN
PREGNANCY
-
157
12.1
INTRODUCTION
----
157
12.2
RISK
FACTORS
FOR
VENOUS
THROMBOEMBOLISM
-----
157
12.2.1
PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHANGES
IN
PREGNANCY
----
158
12.2.2
PATHOLOGY
IN
PREGNANCY
----
159
12.2.3
FETUS-RELATED
RISKS
----
159
12.2.4
PATIENT-RELATED
RISK
FACTORS
----
159
12.3
DIAGNOSIS
OF
VTE
IN
PREGNANCY
------
161
12.3.1
DEEP
VEIN
THROMBOSIS
----
161
12.3.2
PULMONARY
EMBOLISM
----
162
12.3.3
CLINICAL
PREDICTION
----
162
12.4
PROPHYLAXIS
----
163
12.5
TREATMENT
----
166
12.5.1
INITIATION
OF
TREATMENT
----
166
12.5.2
MAINTENANCE
THERAPY
----
167
12.5.3
AROUND
TIME
OF
DELIVERY
----
168
12.6
INVESTIGATION
FOR
THROMBOPHILIA
-----
169
12.7
CONCLUSIONS
----
169
REFERENCES
----
170
SHAUN
YO,
JOHN
GRANTON
13
PULMONARY
HYPERTENSION
IN
PREGNANCY
-
173
13.1
INTRODUCTION
----
173
13.2
EPIDEMIOLOGY
OF
PAH
------
174
13.3
THE
RISK
OF
PREGNANCY
IN
PATIENTS
WITH
PAH
-----
174
13.4
PHYSIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
OF
PREGNANCY
----
175
13.5
THE
PERILS
OF
PAH
AND
PREGNANCY
----
176
13.6
GENERAL
PRINCIPLES
AND
SUPPORTIVE
THERAPY
IN
PREGNANCY
----
177
13.7
PAH-TARGETED
MEDICATIONS
IN
PREGNANCY
----
178
XIV
-
-
CONTENTS
13.8
13.9
13.10
APPROACH
TO
PAH-TARGETED
TREATMENT
-
180
PERIPARTUM
MANAGEMENT
-
182
CONCLUSIONS
-
183
REFERENCES
-
184
ALINA
BLAZER,
MEYER
BALTER
14
ASTHMA
IN
PREGNANCY
-
187
14.1
INTRODUCTION
-
187
14.2
CHANGES
IN
RESPIRATORY
FUNCTION
DURING
PREGNANCY
-
187
14.3
EFFECTS
OF
PREGNANCY
ON
ASTHMA
----
187
14.3.1
MECHANISMS
FOR
THE
EFFECT
OF
PREGNANCY
ON
MATERNAL
ASTHMA
-
188
14.4
EFFECTS
OF
ASTHMA
ON
PREGNANCY:
MATERNAL
AND
FETAL
OUTCOMES
-
189
14.5
TREATMENT
OF
ASTHMA
IN
PREGNANCY:
GENERAL
PRINCIPLES
-
190
14.6
NONPHARMACOLOGICAL
MANAGEMENT
-
190
14.7
PHARMACOLOGICAL
MANAGEMENT
-
191
14.7.1
BETA-AGONISTS
-
191
14.7.2
INHALED
CORTICOSTEROIDS
-
192
14.7.3
OTHER
ASTHMA
MEDICATIONS
----
192
14.7.4
HEALTH
BEHAVIORS
-
193
14.8
TREATMENT
OF
ACUTE
EXACERBATIONS
-
193
14.9
LABOR
AND
DELIVERY
-
194
14.10
ASTHMA
POSTPARTUM
AND
BREASTFEEDING
IMPLICATIONS
-
195
14.11
CONCLUSION
-
195
REFERENCES
-
195
LOTC
SENTILHES,
HANANE
BOUCHGHOUL,
AURELIEN
MATTUIZZI,
ALIZEE
FROELIGER,
HUGO
MADAR
15
OBSTETRIC
HEMORRHAGE
-
199
15.1
INTRODUCTION
----
199
15.2
DEFINITIONS
AND
THRESHOLDS
FOR
INTERVENTION
-
200
15.3
INCIDENCE
OF
POSTPARTUM
HEMORRHAGE
(PPH)
-
204
15.4
CAUSES
OF
POSTPARTUM
HEMORRHAGE
(PPH)
-
204
15.5
RISK
FACTORS
FOR
PPH
----
204
15.6
PREVENTION
OF
POSTPARTUM
HEMORRHAGE
-
206
15.6.1
ACTIVE
MANAGEMENT
OF
THE
THIRD
STAGE
OF
LABOR
-
206
15.6.2
UTEROTONICS
----
206
15.6.3
TRANEXAMIC
ACID
-
208
15.6.4
OTHER
PREVENTION
TECHNIQUES
-
209
15.7
TREATMENT
OF
POSTPARTUM
HEMORRHAGE
-
209
15.7.1
FIRST-LINE
MEASURES
-
211
15.7.2
SECOND-LINE
MEASURES
FOR
PERSISTING
HEMORRHAGE
-
211
CONTENTS
-
XV
15.7.3
15.8
15.9
THIRD-LINE
MEASURES
FOR
REFRACTORY
HEMORRHAGE
-
217
AFTER
POSTPARTUM
HEMORRHAGE
----
219
CONCLUSION
----
219
REFERENCES
-
220
DONGMEI
SUN,
NADINE
SHEHATA
16
ANEMIA
IN
PREGNANCY
-
225
16.1
INTRODUCTION
----
225
16.2
NORMAL
HEMATOLOGICAL
PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHANGES
-
225
16.3
IRON
DEFICIENCY
ANEMIA
-
225
16.3.1
DIAGNOSIS
----
226
16.3.2
MANAGEMENT
----
226
16.4
HEMOGLOBIN
DISORDERS
IN
GENERAL
-
227
16.5
SICKLE
CELL
DISEASE
-
228
16.5.1
DIAGNOSIS
----
228
16.5.2
FETAL
AND
MATERNAL
IMPLICATIONS
OF
SICKLE
CELL
DISEASE
-
228
16.5.3
MANAGEMENT
----
229
16.6
THALASSEMIA
-
230
16.6.1
DIAGNOSIS
----
230
16.6.2
FETAL
AND
MATERNAL
IMPLICATIONS
OF
THALASSEMIA
-
231
16.6.3
MANAGEMENT
----
231
16.7
MICROANGIOPATHIC
HEMOLYTIC
ANEMIA
IN
GENERAL
-
232
16.8
PREGNANCY-ASSOCIATED
MICROANGIOPATHIC
HEMOLYTIC
ANEMIA
SYNDROMES
----
232
16.8.1
HELLP
SYNDROME
----
232
16.8.2
THROMBOTIC
MICROANGIOPATHIES
ASSOCIATED
WITH
MAHA
-
233
16.8.3
THROMBOTIC
THROMBOCYTOPENIC
PURPURA
-
234
16.8.4
COMPLEMENT-MEDIATED
THROMBOTIC
MICROANGIOPATHY
-
234
16.8.5
MANAGEMENT
OF
TTP
AND
HUS
-
235
16.8.6
CONCLUSIONS
----
235
REFERENCES
-
236
ANN
KINGA
MALINOWSKI,
EMILY
DELPERO
17
SICKLE
CELL
DISEASE
IN
PREGNANCY
-
241
17.1
INTRODUCTION:
NORMAL
HEMOGLOBIN
----
241
17.2
SICKLE
HEMOGLOBIN
----
241
17.3
SICKLE
CELL
TRAIT
VERSUS
SICKLE
CELL
DISEASE
-
242
17.4
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
OF
SICKLE
CELL
DISEASE
-
242
17.5
MANIFESTATIONS
OF
SICKLE
CELL
DISEASE
AND
INFLUENCE
OF
PREGNANCY
----
243
17.5.1
SCD-RELATED
PAIN
----
243
17.5.2
CHRONIC
ANEMIA
----
244
XVI
CONTENTS
17.5.3
CARDIAC
MANIFESTATIONS
-
244
17.5.4
PULMONARY
MANIFESTATIONS
-
245
-
17.5.4.1
ACUTE
CHEST
SYNDROME
(ACS)
-
245
17.5.4.2
PULMONARY
HYPERTENSION
(PH)
----
246
17.5.5
SPLENIC
MANIFESTATIONS
-
247
17.5.6
NEUROLOGIC
MANIFESTATIONS
-
247
17.5.7
RENAL
MANIFESTATIONS
-
247
17.5.8
HEPATIC
MANIFESTATIONS
-
248
17.6
PREGNANCY
OUTCOMES
-
248
17.7
PRECONCEPTION
CARE
-
249
17.7.1
FERTILITY
PRESERVATION
----
249
17.7.2
DETERMINATION
OF
FETAL
RISK
----
249
17.7.3
MEDICAL
OPTIMIZATION
----
250
17.8
ANTENATAL
CARE
----
250
17.8.1
PRENATAL
DIAGNOSIS
-
250
17.8.2
FETAL
SURVEILLANCE
-
251
17.8.3
MATERNAL
MANAGEMENT
----
251
17.8.3.1
GENERAL
APPROACH
-
251
17.8.3.2
PREVENTION
OF
PREECLAMPSIA
-
251
17.8.3.3
ACUTE
PAIN
CRISIS
----
252
17.8.3.4
ANALGESIA
DURING
VOE
----
252
17.8.3.5
THE
ROLE
OF
TRANSFUSION
-
253
17.8.3.6
INTRAPARTUM
CARE
-
254
17.8.3.7
POSTPARTUM
CARE
----
254
17.9
NEWBORN
CONSIDERATIONS
----
255
17.9.1
GENETIC
TESTING
----
255
17.9.2
NEONATAL
ABSTINENCE
SYNDROME
(NAS)
----
255
17.10
CONCLUSION
----
255
REFERENCES
----
256
KRISTIN
HARRIS,
MARK
YUDIN
18
HUMAN
IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS
AND
PREGNANCY
-
261
18.1
INTRODUCTION
----
261
18.2
EPIDEMIOLOGY
----
261
18.3
PRENATAL
TESTING
----
262
18.4
MATERNAL
AND
PERINATAL
OUTCOMES
-
263
18.4.1
MATERNAL
OUTCOMES
-
263
18.4.2
FETAL
OUTCOMES
-
263
18.5
PRECONCEPTION
MANAGEMENT
-
264
18.5.1
COUNSELING
----
264
18.5.2
MEDICATIONS
----
264
18.5.3
CONCEPTION
AND
FERTILITY
TREATMENT
CONSIDERATIONS
-
265
CONTENTS
XVII
18.5.4
IMMUNIZATIONS/LNFECTIONS
-
266
18.6
PREGNANCY
MANAGEMENT:
ANTENATAL
CARE
----
266
18.6.1
SCHEDULE
OF
CARE
----
266
18.6.2
ANTIRETROVIRAL
THERAPY
-
268
18.6.3
SPECIAL
CIRCUMSTANCE
----
270
18.7
INTRAPARTUM
CARE
----
270
18.7.1
MODE
OF
DELIVERY
----
270
18.7.2
ANTIRETROVIRAL
THERAPY
----
270
18.7.3
SPECIAL
CONSIDERATIONS
-
271
18.8
POSTPARTUM
CARE
----
272
18.8.1
ANTIRETROVIRAL
THERAPY
----
272
18.8.2
INFANT
FEEDING
----
272
18.8.3
INFANT
CARE
-
273
18.9
CONCLUSION
----
274
REFERENCES
----
274
MORAN
SHAPIRA,
YOAV
YINON
19
CONGENITAL
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
INFECTION
-
281
19.1
INTRODUCTION
----
281
19.2
CONGENITAL
CMV
INFECTION
-----
281
19.3
PRENATAL
DIAGNOSIS
OF
MATERNAL
CMV
INFECTION
----
282
19.4
PRENATAL
DIAGNOSIS
OF
FETAL
CMV
INFECTION
----
283
19.5
PROGNOSTIC
MARKERS
OF
CMV
DISEASE
-----
285
19.5.1
FETAL
IMAGING
----
285
19.5.2
DNA
COUNTS
IN
AMNIOTIC
FLUID
----
285
19.5.3
FETAL
BLOOD
PARAMETERS
----
286
19.6
PREVENTION
AND
TREATMENT
OF
INTRAUTERINE
CMV
INFECTION
----
286
19.6.1
PREVENTION
OF
TRANSMISSION
----
286
19.6.2
TREATMENT
OF
INTRAUTERINE
INFECTION
----
287
19.6.3
ANTIVIRAL
DRUGS
----
287
19.7
PREVENTION
OF
MATERNAL
CMV
INFECTION
-----
289
19.8
SCREENING
FOR
CMV
----
289
19.9
CONCLUSION
----
290
REFERENCES
----
290
VALENTINE
FAURE
BARDON,
YVES
VILLE
20
FETAL
TOXOPLASMOSIS
-
297
20.1
INTRODUCTION
----
297
20.2
MATERNAL
INFECTION
----
297
20.3
FETAL
INFECTION
----
298
20.4
PROGNOSTIC
MARKERS
OF
FETAL
INFECTION
----
299
20.4.1
TIMING
OF
MATERNAL
PRIMARY
INFECTION
(MPI)
----
299
XVIII
-
YY
CONTENTS
20.4.2
20.5
20.5.1
20.5.2
20.5.3
20.6
20.6.1
20.6.2
20.6.3
20.7
20.8
20.9
FINDINGS
ON
IMAGING
-
300
PROGNOSTIC
VALUE
OF
IMAGING
FINDINGS
-
300
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL
-
300
CHORIORETINITIS
-
301
CONTRIBUTION
OF
FETAL
HEAD
MRI
-
301
PRENATAL
TREATMENT
-
301
DRUGS
----
302
PREVENTION
OF
MOTHER-TO-FETUS
TRANSMISSION
-
302
ANTIPARASITIC
THERAPY
TO
REDUCE
FETAL
COMPLICATIONS
-
303
NEONATES
BORN
TO
WOMEN
WITH
TOXOPLASMOSIS
INFECTION
-
303
COMPARISON
OF
VARIOUS
APPROACHES
-
304
CONCLUSION
-
308
REFERENCES
-
308
DANIELA
N.
VASQUEZ,
MARIA-TERESA
PEREZ
21
SEPSIS
IN
PREGNANCY
-
313
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
21.6
21.7
21.8
21.9
INTRODUCTION
----
313
RISK
FACTORS
-
313
DIAGNOSIS
----
314
SOURCES
OF
SEPSIS
IN
PREGNANT
AND
POSTPARTUM
PATIENTS
-
316
MICROORGANISMS
RESPONSIBLE
FOR
MATERNAL
SEPSIS
-
318
MANAGEMENT
-
318
DELIVERY
CONSIDERATIONS
-
323
OUTCOMES:
MATERNAL
MORBIDITY
AND
MORTALITY
DUE
TO
SEPSIS
-
324
CONCLUSION
----
324
REFERENCES
-
324
MDNICA
CENTENO,
DIOGO
AYRES-DE-CAMPOS
22
THYROID
DISEASE
IN
PREGNANCY
-
329
22.1
22.2
22.2.1
22.2.2
22.3
22.3.1
22.3.2
22.3.3
22.3.4
22.3.5
22.3.5.1
22.3.6
INTRODUCTION
----
329
THYROID
PHYSIOLOGY
DURING
PREGNANCY
-
329
MATERNAL
THYROID
GLAND
-
329
FETAL
THYROID
GLAND
----
330
HYPOTHYROIDISM
-
331
DEFINITION
----
331
INCIDENCE
-
331
ETIOLOGY
----
331
CLINICAL
MANIFESTATIONS
-
331
DIAGNOSIS
-
332
HYPOTHYROIDISM
DIAGNOSED
IN
PREGNANCY
-
332
COMPLICATIONS
----
332
CONTENTS
-
XIX
22.3.7
MANAGEMENT
----
334
22.4
IODINE
DEFICIENCY
----
334
22.5
HYPERTHYROIDISM
----
335
22.5.1
DEFINITION
AND
INCIDENCE
----
335
22.5.2
ETIOLOGY
----
335
22.5.3
CLINICAL
MANIFESTATIONS
-
335
22.5.4
DIAGNOSIS
----
335
22.5.5
COMPLICATIONS
----
336
22.5.6
MANAGEMENT
-
336
22.5.7
MANAGEMENT
OF
FETAL
AND
NEONATAL
EFFECTS
-
337
22.6
THYROID
NODULES
-
337
22.7
THYROID
CANCER
-
337
REFERENCES
-
338
SAWYER
HUGET-PENNER,
DENICE
S.
FEIG
23
PREEXISTING
DIABETES
IN
PREGNANCY
-
343
23.1
INTRODUCTION
----
343
23.2
MATERNAL
RISKS
OF
PREEXISTING
DIABETES
IN
PREGNANCY
-
343
23.3
NEONATAL
RISKS
OF
PREEXISTING
DIABETES
IN
PREGNANCY
-
345
23.4
MANAGEMENT
OF
PREEXISTING
DIABETES
IN
PREGNANCY
-
347
23.4.1
PRECONCEPTION
MANAGEMENT
-
347
23.4.2
PREGNANCY
MANAGEMENT
----
348
23.4.3
ANTEPARTUM
AND
INTRAPARTUM
MONITORING
AND
MANAGEMENT
----
350
23.5
CONCLUSION
----
351
REFERENCES
----
351
MAYA
RAM,
YARIV
YOGEV
24
GESTATIONAL
DIABETES
MELLITUS
----
357
24.1
INTRODUCTION
----
357
24.2
RISK
FACTORS
FOR
GDM
----
357
24.3
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
OF
GDM
-------
358
24.4
THE
OFFSPRING
POINT
OF
VIEW
----
363
24.5
PREVENTION
OF
LONG-TERM
EFFECTS
ON
THE
OFFSPRING
----
365
24.6
SCREENING
AND
DIAGNOSIS
FOR
GDM
-----
365
24.6.1
TWO-STEP
METHOD
FOR
SCREENING
-----
367
24.6.2
ONE-STEP
METHOD
FOR
SCREENING
-----
368
24.6.3
OPTIMAL
DIAGNOSTIC
APPROACH
-
EVIDENCE-BASED
----
368
24.6.4
EARLY
PREGNANCY
TESTING
-------
369
24.6.5
REPEAT
TESTING
----
370
24.7
NON-PHARMACOLOGIC
MANAGEMENT
-----
370
24.7.1
PREVENTION
OF
GESTATIONAL
DIABETES
----
370
24.7.2
LIFESTYLE
INTERVENTION
----
370
XX
CONTENTS
24.7.3
GLUCOSE
MONITORING
AND
TARGETS
-----
371
24.8
PHARMACOLOGICAL
TREATMENT
-
372
24.8.1
INSULIN
----
372
24.8.2
ORAL
ANTIDIABETIC
MEDICATION
-
372
24.8.2.1
METFORMIN
----
373
24.8.2.2
SULFONYLUREAS
----
373
24.9
OBSTETRIC
CONSIDERATIONS
-
373
24.10
POSTPARTUM
MANAGEMENT
AND
LONG-TERM
MATERNAL
HEALTH
-
374
REFERENCES
-
375
HAITHAM
BAGHLAF,
CYNTHIA
MAXWELL
25
OBESITY
AND
PREGNANCY
-
387
25.1
INTRODUCTION
AND
EPIDEMIOLOGY
-
387
25.2
PRECONCEPTION
----
388
25.3
FIRST
TRIMESTER
-
390
25.3.1
MATERNAL
CONSIDERATIONS
-
390
25.3.2
FETAL
CONSIDERATIONS
-
391
25.4
SECOND
TRIMESTER
-
392
25.4.1
MATERNAL
CONSIDERATIONS
-
392
25.4.2
FETAL
CONSIDERATIONS
-
392
25.5
THIRD
TRIMESTER
-
392
25.5.1
MATERNAL
CONSIDERATIONS
-
392
25.5.2
FETAL
CONSIDERATIONS
----
394
25.5.3
INTRAPARTUM
-
394
25.6
POSTPARTUM
----
396
25.7
CONCLUSION
----
397
REFERENCES
-
397
VIVIAN
HUANG,
GEOFFREY
C.
NGUYEN
26
MANAGING
INFLAMMATORY
BOWEL
DISEASE
DURING
PREGNANCY
-
405
26.1
BACKGROUND
-
405
26.2
PREPREGNANCY
AND
INFLAMMATORY
BOWEL
DISEASE
-
405
26.2.1
VOLUNTARY
CHILDLESSNESS
-
405
26.2.2
IBD
DISEASE
ACTIVITY
-
405
26.2.2.1
IBD
MEDICATIONS
----
406
26.2.2.2
IBD-RELATED
SURGERIES
----
406
26.3
PREGNANCY
WITH
INFLAMMATORY
BOWEL
DISEASE
-
406
26.4
IBD
MEDICATIONS
-----
407
26.4.1
SULFASALAZINE
AND
5-AMINOSALICYLATES
-
407
26.4.2
IMMUNOMODULATORS
-----
408
26.4.3
BIOLOGIES
----
408
26.4.4
SMALL
MOLECULES
-----
409
CONTENTS
-
XXI
26.4.5
CORTICOSTEROIDS
----
409
26.5
DELIVERY
AND
POSTPARTUM
-----
410
26.6
CONCLUSION
----
410
REFERENCES
-
411
HOMERO
FLORES-MENDOZA,
HARRISON
BANNER,
JOHN
W.
SNELGROVE
27
INTRAHEPATIC
CHOLESTASIS
OF
PREGNANCY
-
413
27.1
INTRODUCTION
----
413
27.2
ETIOLOGY
----
413
27.2.1
GENETICS
----
413
27.2.2
HORMONAL
----
414
27.2.3
ENVIRONMENTAL
----
414
27.2.4
HISTORY
OF
PRIOR
LIVER
DISEASE
----
414
27.3
CLINICAL
MANIFESTATIONS
-
415
27.4
DIAGNOSIS
----
415
27.5
MATERNAL
AND
FETAL
IMPLICATIONS
-
418
27.6
TREATMENT
----
418
27.7
DELIVERY
----
419
REFERENCES
-
420
GHAYDAA
ALDABIE,
KAREN
A.
SPITZER,
CARL
A.
LASKIN
28
PREGNANCY
AND
THE
RHEUMATIC
DISEASES
-
423
28.1
INTRODUCTION
----
423
28.2
RHEUMATOID
ARTHRITIS
----
423
28.2.1
EFFECTS
OF
RA
ON
PREGNANCY
-----
423
28.2.2
EFFECTS
OF
PREGNANCY
ON
RA-----
424
28.3
MANAGEMENT
OF
RHEUMATOID
ARTHRITIS
DURING
PREGNANCY
-
424
28.3.1
NONSTEROIDAL
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
DRUGS
-
424
28.3.2
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
----
425
28.3.3
CONVENTIONAL
DISEASE-MODIFYING
ANTIRHEUMATIC
DRUGS
-
425
28.3.4
METHOTREXATE
----
426
28.3.5
LEFLUNOMIDE
----
426
28.3.6
SULFASALAZINE
----
427
28.3.7
TUMOR
NECROSIS
FACTOR
INHIBITORS
(ANTI-TNF)
-
427
28.3.8
INJECTABLE
ANTI-TNF
AGENTS
----
427
28.3.9
JANUS
KINASE
PATHWAY
INHIBITORS
----
427
28.4
SYSTEMIC
LUPUS
ERYTHEMATOSUS
------
428
28.4.1
PREPREGNANCY
ASSESSMENT
-
428
28.4.2
DISEASE
ACTIVITY
----
428
28.4.3
MEDICATION
REVIEW
----
429
28.4.4
ASSESSMENT
OF
AUTOANTIBODIES
----
429
28.5
THE
EFFECTS
OF
PREGNANCY
ON
SLE
----
429
XXII
CONTENTS
28.5.1
SLE
FLARE
----
429
28.5.2
RENAL
DISEASE
----
430
28.5.3
PREECLAMPSIA
-
430
28.5.4
THE
EFFECTS
OF
SLE
ON
PREGNANCY
----
431
28.5.5
NEONATAL
LUPUS
-
431
28.5.6
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID
ANTIBODIES
AND
PREGNANCY
-----
432
28.5.7
ADVISE
AGAINST
PREGNANCY/EARLY
THERAPEUTIC
TERMINATION
-
432
28.5.8
CONTRACEPTION
----
433
28.6
SPECIFIC
MEDICATION
USE
IN
THE
MANAGEMENT
OF
SLE
DURING
PREGNANCY
-
433
28.6.1
ANTIMALARIALS
-
433
28.6.2
AZATHIOPRINE
----
434
28.6.3
MYCOPHENOLATE
MOFETIL
----
434
28.6.4
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
-
435
28.7
CONCLUSION
----
435
REFERENCES
-
436
TADEU
A.
FANTANEANU,
ESTHER
BUI
29
EPILEPSY
AND
PREGNANCY
-
441
29.1
INTRODUCTION
------
441
29.2
PRECONCEPTION
-
441
29.2.1
CONTRACEPTION
---
441
29.2.2
PRECONCEPTION
RISK
STRATIFICATION
-
443
29.2.3
FOLATE
SUPPLEMENTATION
----
445
29.3
PREGNANCY
-------
446
29.3.1
THERAPEUTIC
DRUG
MONITORING
-
446
29.3.2
VITAMIN
K
ADMINISTRATION
----
446
29.3.3
SEIZURES
AND
EMERGENCIES
IN
PREGNANCY
-
447
29.3.4
LABOR
AND
DELIVERY
-
447
29.4
POSTPARTUM
-
448
29.4.1
BREASTFEEDING
-
448
29.4.2
SAFETY
IN
THE
POSTPARTUM
PERIOD
-
449
29.5
CONCLUSION
----
449
REFERENCES
-
450
ARIEH
INGBER
30
SPECIFIC
DERMATOSES
OF
PREGNANCY
-
453
30.1
INTRODUCTION
-----
453
30.2
POLYMORPHIC
ERUPTION
OF
PREGNANCY
(PEP)
----
453
30.2.1
EPIDEMIOLOGY
-----
453
30.2.2
PATHOGENESIS
-----
453
CONTENTS
-
XXIII
30.2.3
CLINICAL
PRESENTATION
----
454
30.2.4
LABORATORY
TESTS
----
454
30.2.5
HISTOPATHOLOGY
----
454
30.2.6
TREATMENT
-----
455
30.2.7
PROGNOSIS
-----
455
30.3
PEMPHIGOID
GESTATIONIS
(PG)
------
455
30.3.1
EPIDEMIOLOGY
-----
455
30.3.2
PATHOGENESIS
-----
456
30.3.3
CLINICAL
PRESENTATION
----
456
30.3.4
LABORATORY
TESTS
----
456
30.3.5
HISTOPATHOLOGY
AND
IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE
----
457
30.3.6
TREATMENT
----
457
30.3.7
PROGNOSIS
----
457
30.4
IMPETIGO
HERPETIFORMIS,
ALSO
KNOWN
AS
GENERALIZED
PUSTULAR
PSORIASIS
OF
PREGNANCY
----
458
30.4.1
NOMENCLATURE
-----
458
30.4.2
EPIDEMIOLOGY
-----
458
30.4.3
PATHOGENESIS
-----
458
30.4.4
CLINICAL
PRESENTATION
----
459
30.4.5
LABORATORY
INVESTIGATIONS
-----
459
30.4.6
HISTOPATHOLOGY
----
459
30.4.7
TREATMENT
----
459
30.4.8
PROGNOSIS
----
460
30.5
PRURIGO
OF
PREGNANCY
(BESNIER)
----
460
30.5.1
EPIDEMIOLOGY
-----
460
30.5.2
CLINICAL
PRESENTATION
----
460
30.5.3
LABORATORY
INVESTIGATIONS
-----
461
30.5.4
HISTOPATHOLOGY
----
461
30.5.5
TREATMENT
-----
461
30.5.6
PROGNOSIS
-----
461
30.6
PRURITIC
FOLLICULITIS
OF
PREGNANCY
----
461
30.6.1
EPIDEMIOLOGY
-----
461
30.6.2
PATHOGENESIS
-----
462
30.6.3
CLINICAL
PRESENTATION
-----
462
30.6.4
LABORATORY
TESTS
AND
HISTOPATHOLOGY
462
30.6.5
TREATMENT
-----
462
30.6.6
PROGNOSIS
-----
462
30.7
LINEAR
IGM
DERMATOSIS
OF
PREGNANCY
-----
463
30.7.1
PATHOGENESIS
-----
463
30.7.2
CLINICAL
PRESENTATION
-----
463
30.7.3
LABORATORY
TESTS
-----
463
XXIV
-----
CONTENTS
30.7.4
30.7.5
30.7.6
HISTOPATHOLOGY
-
464
TREATMENT
-
464
PROGNOSIS
-
464
REFERENCES
-
464
CHRISTOPH
WOHLMUTH,
TAYMAA
MAY
31
GYNECOLOGIC
CANCER
IN
PREGNANCY
-
469
31.1
31.2
31.3
31.4
31.4.1
31.4.2
31.4.3
31.5
31.6
31.7
INTRODUCTION
-
469
DIAGNOSIS
-
469
SURGERY
----
471
SYSTEMIC
TREATMENT
-
473
CHEMOTHERAPY
IN
PREGNANCY
-
473
ENDOCRINE
THERAPY
-
477
TARGETED
THERAPIES
AND
BIOLOGIC
AGENTS
-
477
RADIATION
THERAPY
----
477
OBSTETRIC
MANAGEMENT
-
477
CONCLUSION
----
478
REFERENCES
-
478
EVANGELIA
VLACHODIMITROPOULOU
KOUMOUTSEA,
CYNTHIA
MAXWELL
32
MATERNAL
AND
FETAL
MALIGNANCIES
IN
PREGNANCY
-
483
32.1
32.2
32.2.1
32.2.2
32.3
32.3.1
32.3.2
32.3.3
32.4
32.4.1
32.4.2
32.4.3
32.4.4
32.4.5
32.5
32.5.1
32.5.2
32.6
EPIDEMIOLOGY
-
483
DIAGNOSING
CANCER
IN
PREGNANCY
-
483
IMAGING
----
484
LABORATORY
MARKERS
----
484
SPECIFIC
CANCERS
IN
PREGNANCY
-
484
BREAST
CANCER
-
484
LYMPHOMA
AND
LEUKEMIA
-
485
MELANOMA
----
486
TARGETED
THERAPIES
FOR
CERTAIN
MALIGNANCIES
IN
PREGNANCY
-
487
TAMOXIFEN
-
487
HUMAN
EPIDERMAL
GROWTH
FACTOR
RECEPTOR
2
(HER2)
-
488
TYROSINE
KINASE
INHIBITORS
-
488
ALL-TRANS
RETINOID
ACID
(ATRA)
----
489
CAR
T-CELL
THERAPY
-
489
FETAL
TUMORS
-
490
SACROCOCCYGEAL
TERATOMAS
-
490
NECK
TERATOMAS
-
490
COUNSELING
FOR
THIS
AND
FUTURE
PREGNANCY
-
491
32.7
CONCLUSION
-
492
REFERENCES
-
493
INDEX
-
497
CONTENTS
-
XXV
Obstetric Medicine focuses on the qualified management of medical problems in pregnancy: from pre-pregnancy optimization to the management of acute and chronic conditions in pregnancy, and in the postpartum period to ensure resolution and safe transition back to the primary care provider. In this book clinical pearls will be emphasized, crucial tips are provided. It is THE book for sub-specialists in Obstetric Medicine and it will be also important to specialists and sub-specialists in Internal Medicine who treat pregnant women and Obstetricians. ► novel insights into the management of pregnant women with pre- or de novo pregnancy medical conditions ► with clinical pearls and crucial tips for internists, obstetricians, primary care providers and midwives жиж THE SERIES: HOT TOPICS IN PERINATAL MEDICINE Since the beginnings of perinatal medicine, this new medical field of applied medicine changed the mother-oriented to a mother and embryo/fetal oriented obstetrics. This scientific development, DRIVEN by experts all over the world, is important for the care of mothers, fetusses, AND neonates globally. This book series aims to explain special areas of perinatal medicine from different scientists with their special points of view.
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CONTENTS
LIST
OF
CONTRIBUTORS
-
XXVII
SHITAL
GANDHI,
DAN
FARINE
1
INTRODUCTION
-
1
1.1
WHAT
IS
OBSTETRIC
MEDICINE?
-
1
1.2
WHY
OBSTETRIC
MEDICINE?
-
2
GALI
PARIENTE,
GIDEON
KOREN
2
APPROACH
TO
SAFE
USE
OF
MEDICATIONS
IN
PREGNANCY
-
5
2.1
INTRODUCTION
----
5
2.2
MEDICATION
USE
IN
PREGNANCY
-
5
2.3
TERATOGENICITY
-----6
2.3.1
TIMING
OF
EXPOSURE
-
6
2.3.2
TERATOGENIC
MECHANISMS
----
7
2.3.3
LABELING
REQUIREMENTS
-
7
2.4
DRUG
PHARMACOKINETICS
-----8
2.4.1
PREGNANCY-INDUCED
PHARMACOKINETIC
(PK)
CHANGES
OF
DRUGS
-
8
2.4.2
PLACENTAL
DRUG
TRANSFER
-
9
2.5
DRUG
PHARMACODYNAMICS
-
9
2.5.1
MATERNAL
DRUG
ACTIONS
----
9
2.5.2
DRUGS
OF
CHOICE
----
10
2.6
THERAPEUTIC
DRUG
ACTIONS
IN
THE
FETUS
-
13
2.7
PROVEN
TERATOGENIC
DRUGS
IN
HUMANS
-
13
2.7.1
DRUGS
FOR
CARDIOVASCULAR
DISORDERS
-
13
2.7.2
DRUGS
FOR
NEUROLOGICAL
DISORDERS
-
14
2.7.3
DRUGS
OF
ABUSE
----
14
2.7.4
DRUGS
USED
FOR
INFECTION
AND
INFLAMMATION
-
14
2.7.5
DRUGS
FOR
NAUSEA
AND
VOMITING
-
15
2.7.6
OTHER
DRUGS
--
15
2.8
DRUGS
IN
NORMAL
LABOR
AND
DELIVERY
-
16
2.8.1
PHARMACOLOGIC
MANAGEMENT
OF
PAIN
DURING
LABOR
AND
DELIVERY
----
16
2.8.2
DRUGS
FOR
MANAGEMENT
OF
LABOR
PROTRACTION
OR
ARREST
DISORDERS
-
16
2.9
CONCLUSION
----
18
REFERENCES
-
19
VIII
-
CONTENTS
SIOBHAN
BACON,
ANN
MCNAMARA
3
APPROACH
TO
DIAGNOSTIC
IMAGING
IN
PREGNANCY
-
23
3.1
INTRODUCTION
-
23
3.2
FETAL
EFFECTS
OF
RADIATION:
TERATOGENICITY
-
23
3.3
FETAL
EFFECTS
OF
RADIATION:
ONCOGENESIS
-
25
3.4
MATERNAL
EFFECTS
OF
IONIZING
RADIATION
-
25
3.5
SPECIFIC
MODALITIES:
NON-IONIZING
RADIATION
-
26
3.5.1
ULTRASOUND
----
26
3.5.2
MAGNETIC
RESONANCE
IMAGING
(MRI)
----
26
3.6
SPECIFIC
MODALITIES:
IONIZING
RADIATION
-
27
3.6.1
PLAIN
FILM
----
27
3.6.2
COMPUTED
TOMOGRAPHY
(CT)
-
27
3.7
NUCLEAR
IMAGING:
POSITRON
EMISSION
TOMOGRAPHY
SCANNING
SCAN
-
27
3.8
IMAGING
IN
PARTICULAR
CLINICAL
SCENARIOS
-
28
3.8.1
HEADACHE
----
28
3.8.2
NON-OBSTETRIC
ABDOMINAL
PAIN
----
29
3.8.3
SUSPECTED
PULMONARY
EMBOLISM
-
30
3.9
CONTRAST
AGENTS
-----
30
3.9.1
GADOLINIUM
-----30
3.9.2
IODINATED
CONTRAST
-
31
3.10
HOW
TO
REDUCE
RADIATION
EXPOSURE
-
31
3.11
LACTATION
----
32
CONCLUSION
----
32
GLOSSARY
----
32
REFERENCES
-
33
JENNIFER
YO,
SHITAL
GANDHI
4
CHRONIC
HYPERTENSION
-
35
4.1
INTRODUCTION
----
35
4.2
DEFINITION
AND
DIAGNOSTIC
CRITERIA
FOR
HYPERTENSIVE
DISORDERS
IN
PREGNANCY
-
35
4.2.1
GESTATIONAL
HYPERTENSION
-
35
4.2.2
PREECLAMPSIA
----
36
4.2.3
CHRONIC
HYPERTENSION
----
36
4.2.4
CHRONIC
HYPERTENSION
WITH
SUPERIMPOSED
PREECLAMPSIA
-
37
4.2.5
WHITE
COAT
HYPERTENSION
-
37
4.3
NORMAL
HEMODYNAMIC
CHANGES
IN
PREGNANCY
-
37
4.4
COMORBID
CONDITIONS
----
38
4.5
PREGNANCY
COMPLICATIONS
IN
WOMEN
WITH
CHRONIC
HYPERTENSION
-----39
4.5.1
MATERNAL
RISKS
-
39
4.5.2
FETAL
RISKS
-
39
CONTENTS
-
IX
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.8.1
PATIENT
EVALUATION
-
39
BLOOD
PRESSURE
MEASUREMENT
-
40
BLOOD
PRESSURE
TARGET
IN
PREGNANCY
----
40
MANAGEMENT
OF
NON-SEVERE
HYPERTENSION
(BP
140-159/90-110
MMHG)
----
40
4.8.2
4.9
4.9.1
4.9.2
4.9.3
4.9.4
4.9.5
MANAGEMENT
OF
SEVERE
HYPERTENSION
(BP
A
160/110
MMHG)
-
42
CHOICE
OF
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE
AGENT
-
42
SYMPATHETIC
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
INHIBITION
-
43
BETA-ADRENERGIC
BLOCKERS
-
43
CALCIUM
CHANNEL
BLOCKERS
-
44
DIRECT
VASODILATORS
-
44
ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING
ENZYME
INHIBITORS
AND
ANGIOTENSIN
RECEPTOR
ANTAGONISTS
-
45
4.10
MANAGEMENT
OF
POSTPARTUM
HYPERTENSION
-
45
REFERENCES
-
46
LAURA
BERALL,
MICHELLE
A.
HLADUNEWICH
5
KIDNEY
DISEASE
IN
PREGNANCY
-
49
5.1
INTRODUCTION
-
49
5.2
RENAL
PHYSIOLOGY
IN
NORMAL
PREGNANCY
AND
THE
DIAGNOSIS
OF
KIDNEY
DISEASE
-----49
5.3
RENAL
BIOPSY
IN
PREGNANCY
-
51
5.4
ACUTE
KIDNEY
INJURY
IN
PREGNANCY
-
51
5.5
PREGNANCY
IN
WOMEN
WITH
CHRONIC
KIDNEY
DISEASE
-
56
5.5.1
PREPREGNANCY
COUNSELING
AND
OPTIMIZATION
-
56
5.5.2
MANAGEMENT
OF
CKD
IN
PREGNANCY
-
57
5.5.3
POSTPARTUM
CARE
----
58
5.6
DISEASE-SPECIFIC
COMMENTS
-
59
5.6.1
LUPUS
NEPHRITIS
IN
PREGNANCY
-
59
5.6.2
DIABETIC
NEPHROPATHY
IN
PREGNANCY
----
59
5.6.3
HEREDITARY
KIDNEY
DISEASE
IN
PREGNANCY
-
60
5.7
PREGNANCY
IN
END-STAGE
KIDNEY
DISEASE
-
61
5.7.1
PREGNANCY
AND
RENAL
TRANSPLANT
RECIPIENTS
-
61
5.7.2
PREGNANCY
IN
WOMEN
ON
DIALYSIS
-
61
5.8
CONCLUSION
-----62
REFERENCES
----
63
KELSEY
MCLAUGHLIN,
MELANIE
C.
AUDETTE,
SEBASTIAN
R.
HOBSON,
JOHN
C.
KINGDOM
6
PREECLAMPSIA
-
69
6.1
INTRODUCTION
----
69
6.2
PREECLAMPSIA
PATHOGENESIS:
STAGE
1
----
70
XII
-
CONTENTS
9.6
PERIMORTEM
CAESARIAN
SECTION
DELIVERY
-
125
9.7
MECHANICAL
SUPPORT
AND
INTENSIVE
CARE
MANAGEMENT
-
126
9.8
OUTCOMES
AND
TRAINING
PERSPECTIVES
-
127
REFERENCES
----
127
STEPHANIE
C.
LAPINSKY,
STEPHEN
E.
LAPINSKY
10
CRITICAL
CARE
IN
PREGNANCY
-
131
10.1
INTRODUCTION
-
131
10.2
PHYSIOLOGIC
CHANGES
IN
PREGNANCY
-
131
10.3
CRITICAL
ILLNESS
IN
PREGNANCY
-
133
10.4
CRITICAL
CARE
MANAGEMENT:
ICU
DRUG
THERAPY
IN
PREGNANCY
-
134
10.4.1
CATECHOLAMINES
----
134
10.4.2
SEDATION,
ANALGESIA,
AND
NEUROMUSCULAR
BLOCKADE
-
134
10.5
VENTILATORY
SUPPORT
----
135
10.5.1
NONINVASIVE
VENTILATION
----
135
10.5.2
AIRWAY
MANAGEMENT
----
135
10.5.3
MECHANICAL
VENTILATION
----
135
10.6
PREGNANCY-SPECIFIC
CONDITIONS
REQUIRING
ICU
CARE
-
136
10.6.1
ACUTE
FATTY
LIVER
OF
PREGNANCY
-----
137
10.6.2
AMNIOTIC
FLUID
EMBOLISM
----
137
10.6.3
OBSTETRIC
HEMORRHAGE
-
138
10.6.4
TOCOLYTIC
PULMONARY
EDEMA
----
139
10.7
CONDITIONS
NOT
SPECIFIC
TO
PREGNANCY
-
139
10.7.1
ACUTE
RESPIRATORY
DISTRESS
SYNDROME
IN
PREGNANCY
-
139
10.7.2
THYROID
STORM
----
139
10.7.3
TRAUMA
----
140
REFERENCES
----
141
DINA
REFAAT,
MOHAMED
MOMTAZ
11
AMNIOTIC
FLUID
EMBOLISM----
145
11.1
INTRODUCTION
----
145
11.1.1
HISTORY
----
145
11.1.2
DEFINITION
----
146
11.1.3
INCIDENCE
----
146
11.2
RISK
FACTORS
----
147
11.3
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
----
147
11.4
CLINICAL
PRESENTATIONS
-------
148
11.5
DIAGNOSIS
----
148
11.6
DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSIS
-------
149
11.6.1
MYOCARDIAL
INFARCTION
-
149
11.6.2
PULMONARY
EMBOLISM
----
149
11.6.3
ANESTHETIC
COMPLICATIONS
----
149
CONTENTS
----
XIII
11.6.4
AIR
EMBOLISM
----
150
11.6.5
ECLAMPSIA
----
150
11.6.6
TRANSFUSION
REACTIONS
-
150
11.6.7
ANAPHYLACTIC
SHOCK
----
150
11.7
MANAGEMENT
----
150
11.8
COMPLICATIONS
----
152
11.8.1
MATERNAL
COMPLICATIONS
-
152
11.8.2
FETAL
COMPLICATIONS
-
153
REFERENCES
----
154
SAM
SCHULMAN,
ALEKSANDER
MAKATSARIYA
12
VENOUS
THROMBOEMBOLISM
IN
PREGNANCY
-
157
12.1
INTRODUCTION
----
157
12.2
RISK
FACTORS
FOR
VENOUS
THROMBOEMBOLISM
-----
157
12.2.1
PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHANGES
IN
PREGNANCY
----
158
12.2.2
PATHOLOGY
IN
PREGNANCY
----
159
12.2.3
FETUS-RELATED
RISKS
----
159
12.2.4
PATIENT-RELATED
RISK
FACTORS
----
159
12.3
DIAGNOSIS
OF
VTE
IN
PREGNANCY
------
161
12.3.1
DEEP
VEIN
THROMBOSIS
----
161
12.3.2
PULMONARY
EMBOLISM
----
162
12.3.3
CLINICAL
PREDICTION
----
162
12.4
PROPHYLAXIS
----
163
12.5
TREATMENT
----
166
12.5.1
INITIATION
OF
TREATMENT
----
166
12.5.2
MAINTENANCE
THERAPY
----
167
12.5.3
AROUND
TIME
OF
DELIVERY
----
168
12.6
INVESTIGATION
FOR
THROMBOPHILIA
-----
169
12.7
CONCLUSIONS
----
169
REFERENCES
----
170
SHAUN
YO,
JOHN
GRANTON
13
PULMONARY
HYPERTENSION
IN
PREGNANCY
-
173
13.1
INTRODUCTION
----
173
13.2
EPIDEMIOLOGY
OF
PAH
------
174
13.3
THE
RISK
OF
PREGNANCY
IN
PATIENTS
WITH
PAH
-----
174
13.4
PHYSIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
OF
PREGNANCY
----
175
13.5
THE
PERILS
OF
PAH
AND
PREGNANCY
----
176
13.6
GENERAL
PRINCIPLES
AND
SUPPORTIVE
THERAPY
IN
PREGNANCY
----
177
13.7
PAH-TARGETED
MEDICATIONS
IN
PREGNANCY
----
178
XIV
-
-
CONTENTS
13.8
13.9
13.10
APPROACH
TO
PAH-TARGETED
TREATMENT
-
180
PERIPARTUM
MANAGEMENT
-
182
CONCLUSIONS
-
183
REFERENCES
-
184
ALINA
BLAZER,
MEYER
BALTER
14
ASTHMA
IN
PREGNANCY
-
187
14.1
INTRODUCTION
-
187
14.2
CHANGES
IN
RESPIRATORY
FUNCTION
DURING
PREGNANCY
-
187
14.3
EFFECTS
OF
PREGNANCY
ON
ASTHMA
----
187
14.3.1
MECHANISMS
FOR
THE
EFFECT
OF
PREGNANCY
ON
MATERNAL
ASTHMA
-
188
14.4
EFFECTS
OF
ASTHMA
ON
PREGNANCY:
MATERNAL
AND
FETAL
OUTCOMES
-
189
14.5
TREATMENT
OF
ASTHMA
IN
PREGNANCY:
GENERAL
PRINCIPLES
-
190
14.6
NONPHARMACOLOGICAL
MANAGEMENT
-
190
14.7
PHARMACOLOGICAL
MANAGEMENT
-
191
14.7.1
BETA-AGONISTS
-
191
14.7.2
INHALED
CORTICOSTEROIDS
-
192
14.7.3
OTHER
ASTHMA
MEDICATIONS
----
192
14.7.4
HEALTH
BEHAVIORS
-
193
14.8
TREATMENT
OF
ACUTE
EXACERBATIONS
-
193
14.9
LABOR
AND
DELIVERY
-
194
14.10
ASTHMA
POSTPARTUM
AND
BREASTFEEDING
IMPLICATIONS
-
195
14.11
CONCLUSION
-
195
REFERENCES
-
195
LOTC
SENTILHES,
HANANE
BOUCHGHOUL,
AURELIEN
MATTUIZZI,
ALIZEE
FROELIGER,
HUGO
MADAR
15
OBSTETRIC
HEMORRHAGE
-
199
15.1
INTRODUCTION
----
199
15.2
DEFINITIONS
AND
THRESHOLDS
FOR
INTERVENTION
-
200
15.3
INCIDENCE
OF
POSTPARTUM
HEMORRHAGE
(PPH)
-
204
15.4
CAUSES
OF
POSTPARTUM
HEMORRHAGE
(PPH)
-
204
15.5
RISK
FACTORS
FOR
PPH
----
204
15.6
PREVENTION
OF
POSTPARTUM
HEMORRHAGE
-
206
15.6.1
ACTIVE
MANAGEMENT
OF
THE
THIRD
STAGE
OF
LABOR
-
206
15.6.2
UTEROTONICS
----
206
15.6.3
TRANEXAMIC
ACID
-
208
15.6.4
OTHER
PREVENTION
TECHNIQUES
-
209
15.7
TREATMENT
OF
POSTPARTUM
HEMORRHAGE
-
209
15.7.1
FIRST-LINE
MEASURES
-
211
15.7.2
SECOND-LINE
MEASURES
FOR
PERSISTING
HEMORRHAGE
-
211
CONTENTS
-
XV
15.7.3
15.8
15.9
THIRD-LINE
MEASURES
FOR
REFRACTORY
HEMORRHAGE
-
217
AFTER
POSTPARTUM
HEMORRHAGE
----
219
CONCLUSION
----
219
REFERENCES
-
220
DONGMEI
SUN,
NADINE
SHEHATA
16
ANEMIA
IN
PREGNANCY
-
225
16.1
INTRODUCTION
----
225
16.2
NORMAL
HEMATOLOGICAL
PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHANGES
-
225
16.3
IRON
DEFICIENCY
ANEMIA
-
225
16.3.1
DIAGNOSIS
----
226
16.3.2
MANAGEMENT
----
226
16.4
HEMOGLOBIN
DISORDERS
IN
GENERAL
-
227
16.5
SICKLE
CELL
DISEASE
-
228
16.5.1
DIAGNOSIS
----
228
16.5.2
FETAL
AND
MATERNAL
IMPLICATIONS
OF
SICKLE
CELL
DISEASE
-
228
16.5.3
MANAGEMENT
----
229
16.6
THALASSEMIA
-
230
16.6.1
DIAGNOSIS
----
230
16.6.2
FETAL
AND
MATERNAL
IMPLICATIONS
OF
THALASSEMIA
-
231
16.6.3
MANAGEMENT
----
231
16.7
MICROANGIOPATHIC
HEMOLYTIC
ANEMIA
IN
GENERAL
-
232
16.8
PREGNANCY-ASSOCIATED
MICROANGIOPATHIC
HEMOLYTIC
ANEMIA
SYNDROMES
----
232
16.8.1
HELLP
SYNDROME
----
232
16.8.2
THROMBOTIC
MICROANGIOPATHIES
ASSOCIATED
WITH
MAHA
-
233
16.8.3
THROMBOTIC
THROMBOCYTOPENIC
PURPURA
-
234
16.8.4
COMPLEMENT-MEDIATED
THROMBOTIC
MICROANGIOPATHY
-
234
16.8.5
MANAGEMENT
OF
TTP
AND
HUS
-
235
16.8.6
CONCLUSIONS
----
235
REFERENCES
-
236
ANN
KINGA
MALINOWSKI,
EMILY
DELPERO
17
SICKLE
CELL
DISEASE
IN
PREGNANCY
-
241
17.1
INTRODUCTION:
NORMAL
HEMOGLOBIN
----
241
17.2
SICKLE
HEMOGLOBIN
----
241
17.3
SICKLE
CELL
TRAIT
VERSUS
SICKLE
CELL
DISEASE
-
242
17.4
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
OF
SICKLE
CELL
DISEASE
-
242
17.5
MANIFESTATIONS
OF
SICKLE
CELL
DISEASE
AND
INFLUENCE
OF
PREGNANCY
----
243
17.5.1
SCD-RELATED
PAIN
----
243
17.5.2
CHRONIC
ANEMIA
----
244
XVI
CONTENTS
17.5.3
CARDIAC
MANIFESTATIONS
-
244
17.5.4
PULMONARY
MANIFESTATIONS
-
245
-
17.5.4.1
ACUTE
CHEST
SYNDROME
(ACS)
-
245
17.5.4.2
PULMONARY
HYPERTENSION
(PH)
----
246
17.5.5
SPLENIC
MANIFESTATIONS
-
247
17.5.6
NEUROLOGIC
MANIFESTATIONS
-
247
17.5.7
RENAL
MANIFESTATIONS
-
247
17.5.8
HEPATIC
MANIFESTATIONS
-
248
17.6
PREGNANCY
OUTCOMES
-
248
17.7
PRECONCEPTION
CARE
-
249
17.7.1
FERTILITY
PRESERVATION
----
249
17.7.2
DETERMINATION
OF
FETAL
RISK
----
249
17.7.3
MEDICAL
OPTIMIZATION
----
250
17.8
ANTENATAL
CARE
----
250
17.8.1
PRENATAL
DIAGNOSIS
-
250
17.8.2
FETAL
SURVEILLANCE
-
251
17.8.3
MATERNAL
MANAGEMENT
----
251
17.8.3.1
GENERAL
APPROACH
-
251
17.8.3.2
PREVENTION
OF
PREECLAMPSIA
-
251
17.8.3.3
ACUTE
PAIN
CRISIS
----
252
17.8.3.4
ANALGESIA
DURING
VOE
----
252
17.8.3.5
THE
ROLE
OF
TRANSFUSION
-
253
17.8.3.6
INTRAPARTUM
CARE
-
254
17.8.3.7
POSTPARTUM
CARE
----
254
17.9
NEWBORN
CONSIDERATIONS
----
255
17.9.1
GENETIC
TESTING
----
255
17.9.2
NEONATAL
ABSTINENCE
SYNDROME
(NAS)
----
255
17.10
CONCLUSION
----
255
REFERENCES
----
256
KRISTIN
HARRIS,
MARK
YUDIN
18
HUMAN
IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS
AND
PREGNANCY
-
261
18.1
INTRODUCTION
----
261
18.2
EPIDEMIOLOGY
----
261
18.3
PRENATAL
TESTING
----
262
18.4
MATERNAL
AND
PERINATAL
OUTCOMES
-
263
18.4.1
MATERNAL
OUTCOMES
-
263
18.4.2
FETAL
OUTCOMES
-
263
18.5
PRECONCEPTION
MANAGEMENT
-
264
18.5.1
COUNSELING
----
264
18.5.2
MEDICATIONS
----
264
18.5.3
CONCEPTION
AND
FERTILITY
TREATMENT
CONSIDERATIONS
-
265
CONTENTS
XVII
18.5.4
IMMUNIZATIONS/LNFECTIONS
-
266
18.6
PREGNANCY
MANAGEMENT:
ANTENATAL
CARE
----
266
18.6.1
SCHEDULE
OF
CARE
----
266
18.6.2
ANTIRETROVIRAL
THERAPY
-
268
18.6.3
SPECIAL
CIRCUMSTANCE
----
270
18.7
INTRAPARTUM
CARE
----
270
18.7.1
MODE
OF
DELIVERY
----
270
18.7.2
ANTIRETROVIRAL
THERAPY
----
270
18.7.3
SPECIAL
CONSIDERATIONS
-
271
18.8
POSTPARTUM
CARE
----
272
18.8.1
ANTIRETROVIRAL
THERAPY
----
272
18.8.2
INFANT
FEEDING
----
272
18.8.3
INFANT
CARE
-
273
18.9
CONCLUSION
----
274
REFERENCES
----
274
MORAN
SHAPIRA,
YOAV
YINON
19
CONGENITAL
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
INFECTION
-
281
19.1
INTRODUCTION
----
281
19.2
CONGENITAL
CMV
INFECTION
-----
281
19.3
PRENATAL
DIAGNOSIS
OF
MATERNAL
CMV
INFECTION
----
282
19.4
PRENATAL
DIAGNOSIS
OF
FETAL
CMV
INFECTION
----
283
19.5
PROGNOSTIC
MARKERS
OF
CMV
DISEASE
-----
285
19.5.1
FETAL
IMAGING
----
285
19.5.2
DNA
COUNTS
IN
AMNIOTIC
FLUID
----
285
19.5.3
FETAL
BLOOD
PARAMETERS
----
286
19.6
PREVENTION
AND
TREATMENT
OF
INTRAUTERINE
CMV
INFECTION
----
286
19.6.1
PREVENTION
OF
TRANSMISSION
----
286
19.6.2
TREATMENT
OF
INTRAUTERINE
INFECTION
----
287
19.6.3
ANTIVIRAL
DRUGS
----
287
19.7
PREVENTION
OF
MATERNAL
CMV
INFECTION
-----
289
19.8
SCREENING
FOR
CMV
----
289
19.9
CONCLUSION
----
290
REFERENCES
----
290
VALENTINE
FAURE
BARDON,
YVES
VILLE
20
FETAL
TOXOPLASMOSIS
-
297
20.1
INTRODUCTION
----
297
20.2
MATERNAL
INFECTION
----
297
20.3
FETAL
INFECTION
----
298
20.4
PROGNOSTIC
MARKERS
OF
FETAL
INFECTION
----
299
20.4.1
TIMING
OF
MATERNAL
PRIMARY
INFECTION
(MPI)
----
299
XVIII
-
YY
CONTENTS
20.4.2
20.5
20.5.1
20.5.2
20.5.3
20.6
20.6.1
20.6.2
20.6.3
20.7
20.8
20.9
FINDINGS
ON
IMAGING
-
300
PROGNOSTIC
VALUE
OF
IMAGING
FINDINGS
-
300
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL
-
300
CHORIORETINITIS
-
301
CONTRIBUTION
OF
FETAL
HEAD
MRI
-
301
PRENATAL
TREATMENT
-
301
DRUGS
----
302
PREVENTION
OF
MOTHER-TO-FETUS
TRANSMISSION
-
302
ANTIPARASITIC
THERAPY
TO
REDUCE
FETAL
COMPLICATIONS
-
303
NEONATES
BORN
TO
WOMEN
WITH
TOXOPLASMOSIS
INFECTION
-
303
COMPARISON
OF
VARIOUS
APPROACHES
-
304
CONCLUSION
-
308
REFERENCES
-
308
DANIELA
N.
VASQUEZ,
MARIA-TERESA
PEREZ
21
SEPSIS
IN
PREGNANCY
-
313
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
21.6
21.7
21.8
21.9
INTRODUCTION
----
313
RISK
FACTORS
-
313
DIAGNOSIS
----
314
SOURCES
OF
SEPSIS
IN
PREGNANT
AND
POSTPARTUM
PATIENTS
-
316
MICROORGANISMS
RESPONSIBLE
FOR
MATERNAL
SEPSIS
-
318
MANAGEMENT
-
318
DELIVERY
CONSIDERATIONS
-
323
OUTCOMES:
MATERNAL
MORBIDITY
AND
MORTALITY
DUE
TO
SEPSIS
-
324
CONCLUSION
----
324
REFERENCES
-
324
MDNICA
CENTENO,
DIOGO
AYRES-DE-CAMPOS
22
THYROID
DISEASE
IN
PREGNANCY
-
329
22.1
22.2
22.2.1
22.2.2
22.3
22.3.1
22.3.2
22.3.3
22.3.4
22.3.5
22.3.5.1
22.3.6
INTRODUCTION
----
329
THYROID
PHYSIOLOGY
DURING
PREGNANCY
-
329
MATERNAL
THYROID
GLAND
-
329
FETAL
THYROID
GLAND
----
330
HYPOTHYROIDISM
-
331
DEFINITION
----
331
INCIDENCE
-
331
ETIOLOGY
----
331
CLINICAL
MANIFESTATIONS
-
331
DIAGNOSIS
-
332
HYPOTHYROIDISM
DIAGNOSED
IN
PREGNANCY
-
332
COMPLICATIONS
----
332
CONTENTS
-
XIX
22.3.7
MANAGEMENT
----
334
22.4
IODINE
DEFICIENCY
----
334
22.5
HYPERTHYROIDISM
----
335
22.5.1
DEFINITION
AND
INCIDENCE
----
335
22.5.2
ETIOLOGY
----
335
22.5.3
CLINICAL
MANIFESTATIONS
-
335
22.5.4
DIAGNOSIS
----
335
22.5.5
COMPLICATIONS
----
336
22.5.6
MANAGEMENT
-
336
22.5.7
MANAGEMENT
OF
FETAL
AND
NEONATAL
EFFECTS
-
337
22.6
THYROID
NODULES
-
337
22.7
THYROID
CANCER
-
337
REFERENCES
-
338
SAWYER
HUGET-PENNER,
DENICE
S.
FEIG
23
PREEXISTING
DIABETES
IN
PREGNANCY
-
343
23.1
INTRODUCTION
----
343
23.2
MATERNAL
RISKS
OF
PREEXISTING
DIABETES
IN
PREGNANCY
-
343
23.3
NEONATAL
RISKS
OF
PREEXISTING
DIABETES
IN
PREGNANCY
-
345
23.4
MANAGEMENT
OF
PREEXISTING
DIABETES
IN
PREGNANCY
-
347
23.4.1
PRECONCEPTION
MANAGEMENT
-
347
23.4.2
PREGNANCY
MANAGEMENT
----
348
23.4.3
ANTEPARTUM
AND
INTRAPARTUM
MONITORING
AND
MANAGEMENT
----
350
23.5
CONCLUSION
----
351
REFERENCES
----
351
MAYA
RAM,
YARIV
YOGEV
24
GESTATIONAL
DIABETES
MELLITUS
----
357
24.1
INTRODUCTION
----
357
24.2
RISK
FACTORS
FOR
GDM
----
357
24.3
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
OF
GDM
-------
358
24.4
THE
OFFSPRING
POINT
OF
VIEW
----
363
24.5
PREVENTION
OF
LONG-TERM
EFFECTS
ON
THE
OFFSPRING
----
365
24.6
SCREENING
AND
DIAGNOSIS
FOR
GDM
-----
365
24.6.1
"
TWO-STEP
"
METHOD
FOR
SCREENING
-----
367
24.6.2
"
ONE-STEP
"
METHOD
FOR
SCREENING
-----
368
24.6.3
OPTIMAL
DIAGNOSTIC
APPROACH
-
EVIDENCE-BASED
----
368
24.6.4
EARLY
PREGNANCY
TESTING
-------
369
24.6.5
REPEAT
TESTING
----
370
24.7
NON-PHARMACOLOGIC
MANAGEMENT
-----
370
24.7.1
PREVENTION
OF
GESTATIONAL
DIABETES
----
370
24.7.2
LIFESTYLE
INTERVENTION
----
370
XX
CONTENTS
24.7.3
GLUCOSE
MONITORING
AND
TARGETS
-----
371
24.8
PHARMACOLOGICAL
TREATMENT
-
372
24.8.1
INSULIN
----
372
24.8.2
ORAL
ANTIDIABETIC
MEDICATION
-
372
24.8.2.1
METFORMIN
----
373
24.8.2.2
SULFONYLUREAS
----
373
24.9
OBSTETRIC
CONSIDERATIONS
-
373
24.10
POSTPARTUM
MANAGEMENT
AND
LONG-TERM
MATERNAL
HEALTH
-
374
REFERENCES
-
375
HAITHAM
BAGHLAF,
CYNTHIA
MAXWELL
25
OBESITY
AND
PREGNANCY
-
387
25.1
INTRODUCTION
AND
EPIDEMIOLOGY
-
387
25.2
PRECONCEPTION
----
388
25.3
FIRST
TRIMESTER
-
390
25.3.1
MATERNAL
CONSIDERATIONS
-
390
25.3.2
FETAL
CONSIDERATIONS
-
391
25.4
SECOND
TRIMESTER
-
392
25.4.1
MATERNAL
CONSIDERATIONS
-
392
25.4.2
FETAL
CONSIDERATIONS
-
392
25.5
THIRD
TRIMESTER
-
392
25.5.1
MATERNAL
CONSIDERATIONS
-
392
25.5.2
FETAL
CONSIDERATIONS
----
394
25.5.3
INTRAPARTUM
-
394
25.6
POSTPARTUM
----
396
25.7
CONCLUSION
----
397
REFERENCES
-
397
VIVIAN
HUANG,
GEOFFREY
C.
NGUYEN
26
MANAGING
INFLAMMATORY
BOWEL
DISEASE
DURING
PREGNANCY
-
405
26.1
BACKGROUND
-
405
26.2
PREPREGNANCY
AND
INFLAMMATORY
BOWEL
DISEASE
-
405
26.2.1
VOLUNTARY
CHILDLESSNESS
-
405
26.2.2
IBD
DISEASE
ACTIVITY
-
405
26.2.2.1
IBD
MEDICATIONS
----
406
26.2.2.2
IBD-RELATED
SURGERIES
----
406
26.3
PREGNANCY
WITH
INFLAMMATORY
BOWEL
DISEASE
-
406
26.4
IBD
MEDICATIONS
-----
407
26.4.1
SULFASALAZINE
AND
5-AMINOSALICYLATES
-
407
26.4.2
IMMUNOMODULATORS
-----
408
26.4.3
BIOLOGIES
----
408
26.4.4
SMALL
MOLECULES
-----
409
CONTENTS
-
XXI
26.4.5
CORTICOSTEROIDS
----
409
26.5
DELIVERY
AND
POSTPARTUM
-----
410
26.6
CONCLUSION
----
410
REFERENCES
-
411
HOMERO
FLORES-MENDOZA,
HARRISON
BANNER,
JOHN
W.
SNELGROVE
27
INTRAHEPATIC
CHOLESTASIS
OF
PREGNANCY
-
413
27.1
INTRODUCTION
----
413
27.2
ETIOLOGY
----
413
27.2.1
GENETICS
----
413
27.2.2
HORMONAL
----
414
27.2.3
ENVIRONMENTAL
----
414
27.2.4
HISTORY
OF
PRIOR
LIVER
DISEASE
----
414
27.3
CLINICAL
MANIFESTATIONS
-
415
27.4
DIAGNOSIS
----
415
27.5
MATERNAL
AND
FETAL
IMPLICATIONS
-
418
27.6
TREATMENT
----
418
27.7
DELIVERY
----
419
REFERENCES
-
420
GHAYDAA
ALDABIE,
KAREN
A.
SPITZER,
CARL
A.
LASKIN
28
PREGNANCY
AND
THE
RHEUMATIC
DISEASES
-
423
28.1
INTRODUCTION
----
423
28.2
RHEUMATOID
ARTHRITIS
----
423
28.2.1
EFFECTS
OF
RA
ON
PREGNANCY
-----
423
28.2.2
EFFECTS
OF
PREGNANCY
ON
RA-----
424
28.3
MANAGEMENT
OF
RHEUMATOID
ARTHRITIS
DURING
PREGNANCY
-
424
28.3.1
NONSTEROIDAL
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
DRUGS
-
424
28.3.2
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
----
425
28.3.3
CONVENTIONAL
DISEASE-MODIFYING
ANTIRHEUMATIC
DRUGS
-
425
28.3.4
METHOTREXATE
----
426
28.3.5
LEFLUNOMIDE
----
426
28.3.6
SULFASALAZINE
----
427
28.3.7
TUMOR
NECROSIS
FACTOR
INHIBITORS
(ANTI-TNF)
-
427
28.3.8
INJECTABLE
ANTI-TNF
AGENTS
----
427
28.3.9
JANUS
KINASE
PATHWAY
INHIBITORS
----
427
28.4
SYSTEMIC
LUPUS
ERYTHEMATOSUS
------
428
28.4.1
PREPREGNANCY
ASSESSMENT
-
428
28.4.2
DISEASE
ACTIVITY
----
428
28.4.3
MEDICATION
REVIEW
----
429
28.4.4
ASSESSMENT
OF
AUTOANTIBODIES
----
429
28.5
THE
EFFECTS
OF
PREGNANCY
ON
SLE
----
429
XXII
CONTENTS
28.5.1
SLE
FLARE
----
429
28.5.2
RENAL
DISEASE
----
430
28.5.3
PREECLAMPSIA
-
430
28.5.4
THE
EFFECTS
OF
SLE
ON
PREGNANCY
----
431
28.5.5
NEONATAL
LUPUS
-
431
28.5.6
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID
ANTIBODIES
AND
PREGNANCY
-----
432
28.5.7
ADVISE
AGAINST
PREGNANCY/EARLY
THERAPEUTIC
TERMINATION
-
432
28.5.8
CONTRACEPTION
----
433
28.6
SPECIFIC
MEDICATION
USE
IN
THE
MANAGEMENT
OF
SLE
DURING
PREGNANCY
-
433
28.6.1
ANTIMALARIALS
-
433
28.6.2
AZATHIOPRINE
----
434
28.6.3
MYCOPHENOLATE
MOFETIL
----
434
28.6.4
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
-
435
28.7
CONCLUSION
----
435
REFERENCES
-
436
TADEU
A.
FANTANEANU,
ESTHER
BUI
29
EPILEPSY
AND
PREGNANCY
-
441
29.1
INTRODUCTION
------
441
29.2
PRECONCEPTION
-
441
29.2.1
CONTRACEPTION
---
441
29.2.2
PRECONCEPTION
RISK
STRATIFICATION
-
443
29.2.3
FOLATE
SUPPLEMENTATION
----
445
29.3
PREGNANCY
-------
446
29.3.1
THERAPEUTIC
DRUG
MONITORING
-
446
29.3.2
VITAMIN
K
ADMINISTRATION
----
446
29.3.3
SEIZURES
AND
EMERGENCIES
IN
PREGNANCY
-
447
29.3.4
LABOR
AND
DELIVERY
-
447
29.4
POSTPARTUM
-
448
29.4.1
BREASTFEEDING
-
448
29.4.2
SAFETY
IN
THE
POSTPARTUM
PERIOD
-
449
29.5
CONCLUSION
----
449
REFERENCES
-
450
ARIEH
INGBER
30
SPECIFIC
DERMATOSES
OF
PREGNANCY
-
453
30.1
INTRODUCTION
-----
453
30.2
POLYMORPHIC
ERUPTION
OF
PREGNANCY
(PEP)
----
453
30.2.1
EPIDEMIOLOGY
-----
453
30.2.2
PATHOGENESIS
-----
453
CONTENTS
-
XXIII
30.2.3
CLINICAL
PRESENTATION
----
454
30.2.4
LABORATORY
TESTS
----
454
30.2.5
HISTOPATHOLOGY
----
454
30.2.6
TREATMENT
-----
455
30.2.7
PROGNOSIS
-----
455
30.3
PEMPHIGOID
GESTATIONIS
(PG)
------
455
30.3.1
EPIDEMIOLOGY
-----
455
30.3.2
PATHOGENESIS
-----
456
30.3.3
CLINICAL
PRESENTATION
----
456
30.3.4
LABORATORY
TESTS
----
456
30.3.5
HISTOPATHOLOGY
AND
IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE
----
457
30.3.6
TREATMENT
----
457
30.3.7
PROGNOSIS
----
457
30.4
IMPETIGO
HERPETIFORMIS,
ALSO
KNOWN
AS
GENERALIZED
PUSTULAR
PSORIASIS
OF
PREGNANCY
----
458
30.4.1
NOMENCLATURE
-----
458
30.4.2
EPIDEMIOLOGY
-----
458
30.4.3
PATHOGENESIS
-----
458
30.4.4
CLINICAL
PRESENTATION
----
459
30.4.5
LABORATORY
INVESTIGATIONS
-----
459
30.4.6
HISTOPATHOLOGY
----
459
30.4.7
TREATMENT
----
459
30.4.8
PROGNOSIS
----
460
30.5
PRURIGO
OF
PREGNANCY
(BESNIER)
----
460
30.5.1
EPIDEMIOLOGY
-----
460
30.5.2
CLINICAL
PRESENTATION
----
460
30.5.3
LABORATORY
INVESTIGATIONS
-----
461
30.5.4
HISTOPATHOLOGY
----
461
30.5.5
TREATMENT
-----
461
30.5.6
PROGNOSIS
-----
461
30.6
PRURITIC
FOLLICULITIS
OF
PREGNANCY
----
461
30.6.1
EPIDEMIOLOGY
-----
461
30.6.2
PATHOGENESIS
-----
462
30.6.3
CLINICAL
PRESENTATION
-----
462
30.6.4
LABORATORY
TESTS
AND
HISTOPATHOLOGY
462
30.6.5
TREATMENT
-----
462
30.6.6
PROGNOSIS
-----
462
30.7
LINEAR
IGM
DERMATOSIS
OF
PREGNANCY
-----
463
30.7.1
PATHOGENESIS
-----
463
30.7.2
CLINICAL
PRESENTATION
-----
463
30.7.3
LABORATORY
TESTS
-----
463
XXIV
-----
CONTENTS
30.7.4
30.7.5
30.7.6
HISTOPATHOLOGY
-
464
TREATMENT
-
464
PROGNOSIS
-
464
REFERENCES
-
464
CHRISTOPH
WOHLMUTH,
TAYMAA
MAY
31
GYNECOLOGIC
CANCER
IN
PREGNANCY
-
469
31.1
31.2
31.3
31.4
31.4.1
31.4.2
31.4.3
31.5
31.6
31.7
INTRODUCTION
-
469
DIAGNOSIS
-
469
SURGERY
----
471
SYSTEMIC
TREATMENT
-
473
CHEMOTHERAPY
IN
PREGNANCY
-
473
ENDOCRINE
THERAPY
-
477
TARGETED
THERAPIES
AND
BIOLOGIC
AGENTS
-
477
RADIATION
THERAPY
----
477
OBSTETRIC
MANAGEMENT
-
477
CONCLUSION
----
478
REFERENCES
-
478
EVANGELIA
VLACHODIMITROPOULOU
KOUMOUTSEA,
CYNTHIA
MAXWELL
32
MATERNAL
AND
FETAL
MALIGNANCIES
IN
PREGNANCY
-
483
32.1
32.2
32.2.1
32.2.2
32.3
32.3.1
32.3.2
32.3.3
32.4
32.4.1
32.4.2
32.4.3
32.4.4
32.4.5
32.5
32.5.1
32.5.2
32.6
EPIDEMIOLOGY
-
483
DIAGNOSING
CANCER
IN
PREGNANCY
-
483
IMAGING
----
484
LABORATORY
MARKERS
----
484
SPECIFIC
CANCERS
IN
PREGNANCY
-
484
BREAST
CANCER
-
484
LYMPHOMA
AND
LEUKEMIA
-
485
MELANOMA
----
486
TARGETED
THERAPIES
FOR
CERTAIN
MALIGNANCIES
IN
PREGNANCY
-
487
TAMOXIFEN
-
487
HUMAN
EPIDERMAL
GROWTH
FACTOR
RECEPTOR
2
(HER2)
-
488
TYROSINE
KINASE
INHIBITORS
-
488
ALL-TRANS
RETINOID
ACID
(ATRA)
----
489
CAR
T-CELL
THERAPY
-
489
FETAL
TUMORS
-
490
SACROCOCCYGEAL
TERATOMAS
-
490
NECK
TERATOMAS
-
490
COUNSELING
FOR
THIS
AND
FUTURE
PREGNANCY
-
491
32.7
CONCLUSION
-
492
REFERENCES
-
493
INDEX
-
497
CONTENTS
-
XXV
Obstetric Medicine focuses on the qualified management of medical problems in pregnancy: from pre-pregnancy optimization to the management of acute and chronic conditions in pregnancy, and in the postpartum period to ensure resolution and safe transition back to the primary care provider. In this book clinical pearls will be emphasized, crucial tips are provided. It is THE book for sub-specialists in Obstetric Medicine and it will be also important to specialists and sub-specialists in Internal Medicine who treat pregnant women and Obstetricians. ► novel insights into the management of pregnant women with pre- or de novo pregnancy medical conditions ► with clinical pearls and crucial tips for internists, obstetricians, primary care providers and midwives жиж THE SERIES: HOT TOPICS IN PERINATAL MEDICINE Since the beginnings of perinatal medicine, this new medical field of applied medicine changed the mother-oriented to a mother and embryo/fetal oriented obstetrics. This scientific development, DRIVEN by experts all over the world, is important for the care of mothers, fetusses, AND neonates globally. This book series aims to explain special areas of perinatal medicine from different scientists with their special points of view. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author2 | Gandhi, Shital Farine, Dan ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author2_role | edt edt |
| author2_variant | s g sg d f df |
| author_GND | (DE-588)125710974X (DE-588)107240706X |
| author_facet | Gandhi, Shital Farine, Dan ca. 20./21. Jh |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048495500 |
| classification_rvk | YM 5791 YM 1300 YM 5000 YM 5800 YM 5815 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1311378770 (DE-599)DNB1234798549 |
| dewey-full | 618.2 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 618 - Gynecology, obstetrics, pediatrics, geriatrics |
| dewey-raw | 618.2 |
| dewey-search | 618.2 |
| dewey-sort | 3618.2 |
| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health |
| discipline | Medizin |
| discipline_str_mv | Medizin |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV048495500 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T20:43:10Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:39:40Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)10095502-2 |
| isbn | 9783110614596 3110614596 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033872871 |
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| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-384 |
| physical | XXXI, 514 Seiten Illustrationen 25 cm, 1036 g |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Hot topics in perinatal medicine |
| series2 | Hot topics in perinatal medicine |
| spelling | Obstetric medicine the subspecialty at the intersection of internal medicine and obstetrics Shital Gandhi, Dan Farine (eds.) Berlin ; Boston De Gruyter [2022] XXXI, 514 Seiten Illustrationen 25 cm, 1036 g txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hot topics in perinatal medicine volume 6 Innere Medizin (DE-588)4027074-9 gnd rswk-swf Geburtshilfe (DE-588)4019604-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Geburtshilfe (DE-588)4019604-5 s Innere Medizin (DE-588)4027074-9 s DE-604 Gandhi, Shital (DE-588)125710974X edt Farine, Dan ca. 20./21. Jh. (DE-588)107240706X edt Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG (DE-588)10095502-2 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-3-11-061525-8 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-3-11-061476-3 Hot topics in perinatal medicine volume 6 (DE-604)BV041265335 6 X:MVB https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9783110614596 B:DE-101 application/pdf https://d-nb.info/1234798549/04 Inhaltsverzeichnis DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033872871&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033872871&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext 1\p dnb 20220706 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#dnb |
| spellingShingle | Obstetric medicine the subspecialty at the intersection of internal medicine and obstetrics Hot topics in perinatal medicine Innere Medizin (DE-588)4027074-9 gnd Geburtshilfe (DE-588)4019604-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4027074-9 (DE-588)4019604-5 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Obstetric medicine the subspecialty at the intersection of internal medicine and obstetrics |
| title_auth | Obstetric medicine the subspecialty at the intersection of internal medicine and obstetrics |
| title_exact_search | Obstetric medicine the subspecialty at the intersection of internal medicine and obstetrics |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Obstetric medicine the subspecialty at the intersection of internal medicine and obstetrics |
| title_full | Obstetric medicine the subspecialty at the intersection of internal medicine and obstetrics Shital Gandhi, Dan Farine (eds.) |
| title_fullStr | Obstetric medicine the subspecialty at the intersection of internal medicine and obstetrics Shital Gandhi, Dan Farine (eds.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Obstetric medicine the subspecialty at the intersection of internal medicine and obstetrics Shital Gandhi, Dan Farine (eds.) |
| title_short | Obstetric medicine |
| title_sort | obstetric medicine the subspecialty at the intersection of internal medicine and obstetrics |
| title_sub | the subspecialty at the intersection of internal medicine and obstetrics |
| topic | Innere Medizin (DE-588)4027074-9 gnd Geburtshilfe (DE-588)4019604-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Innere Medizin Geburtshilfe Aufsatzsammlung |
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| volume_link | (DE-604)BV041265335 |
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