Miscellanea philologica graeca et latina: in honorem Floricae Bechet, magno cum gaudio gratiaque
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Romanian English French Spanish |
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Bucureşti
Editura Universităţii din Bucureşti
2021
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 532 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9786061612727 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804184405320663040 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CUVÎNT CĂTRE CITITOR............................................................................................................................. 9 LITTERIS CLASSICIS SEMPER DEVOTA................................................................................................... 11 LISTA LUCRĂRILOR FILOLOGULUI FLORICA BECHET.................................................................15 EVOCĂM......................................................................................................................................................... 29 Simona Nicolae Generații............................................................................................. 30 Anca Ionescu Dragă Doamnă Profesoară................................................................. 30 Elvira Dinu Om și dascăl............................................................................................................ 32 Maria C. Trușcă Αρκείμοι μόνον το βλέπειν σε............................................................................................. 32 Isabela Stoian Ο dezlegare a tainei............................................................................................................ 33 Alexandru Vlad Laudatio.............................................................................................................................. 35 SCRIPTA MANENT..........................................................................................................................................37 ¡Alexandru Avram ļ De aliquot collegiis Tomitanorum eorumque
‘saluatoribus’.................................. 38 Andrei A. Avram Latinization in pre-19lh-century Maltese................................................................ 44 Diana Baraboi Sfînta Evanghelie după юап;4,1-30. Convorbirea lui lisus cu femeia samarineancă. Paralelă între interpretarea Fericitului Augustin și cea a lui Hrabanus Maurus. 59 Frédérique Biville Voixfeminines dans la littérature latine................................................................. 67 Răzvan Bran Las metáforas conceptuales de la mente en español.............................................. 8 7 Valy Ceia Reveriile unui voiajor imaginar........................................................................... 100 Vichi Eugenia Ciocani Parthenia and marriage in the novels of Chariton ofAphrodisias and Xenophon ofEphesus................................................................................................. 108
6 Alexandra Ciocârlie Ovide, personnage de roman............................................................................... Ц8 Victor Cojocarii Limba inscripțiilor grecești din orașele de la nordul Mării Negre în secolele VI a. Chr. -IIIp. Chr. I. Lexicul................................................................... 125 Alexandra Cornilescu External possessors, weak definites and direct object interpretations.......................... 158 Anca Cosăceanu Criza ca o boală: metafore conceptuale în presa românească...................................... 172 Ioana Costa With or without -a............................................................................................................ 188 Lidia Cotea Les mythes de lafrancité revisités par des écrivains français contemporains... 193 Gabriela Creția Се-arfi să-l mai citim pe Eminescu?............................................................................. 201 Anca Crivăț “Los Francos han un ojo... ”.............................................................................. 210 Alexandra Cuniță La dimension sémantique de l’énoncé proverbial................................................ 223 Dana Dinu Varro despreformarea cuvintelor în latină.................................................................... 235 Tudor Dinu Școala de slovenie de la biserica bucureșteană Sfintul Gheorghe Vechi în timpul perioadeifanariote (1716-1821)................ 251 Doina Doroftei Filimon Locuri ovidiene................................................................................................................ 258
Elena Ermolaeva Some notes on Homer in the Russian translations ofNikolay Gnedich and Vasiliy Zhukovsky..................................................................... 272 Mariana Franga, Liviu Franga Atmosfera neoterică. Poezia lui Licinius Calvus..............................................................277 Ioana-Ruxandra Fruntelatä „Lázáréiul : memoria mitică a unui obicei popular românesc........................... 288 Simona Georgescu Pautas de evolución semàntica de las ralees protoindoeuropeas con el sentido originario de ‘hinchar ’..............................................................................298 Theodor Georgescu Sfaturile lui Diodotos (Thucydides З, 42-9)................................................................... 306 Ana-Cristina Halichias Scurtă privire asupra opusculelor lui Georg Šoferius De Ducibus Valachiae și Moldavorum reguli.................................................................. 313 Mihail-George Hâncu “A rose by any other name”: Love in presocratic cosmogonies..................................... 321 Daniela Ionescu Anti-proverbs and their discoursefunction in a public speech ֊ a bi-lingual example....................................................................... 328 Sorana-Cristina Man Several remarks on death in Greek tragedy and the philosophy ofMartin Heidegger ..339 Ioana Munteanu Diabolus machinátor în Divanul cantemirian.................................................................. 345 Florentina Nicolae Lumini și umbre: portretul regelui Minos în lirica
ovidiană............................................361 SimonaNicolae Cîte ceva despre libertate. De la Homer la Platon........................................................... 366
7 Cătălina Popescu The mysterious Anna Perenna: a perpetual Nymph and a constant Nymphe..................377 Ana-Maria Räducan Cînd Dumnezeu se joacă de-a fața ascunselea................................................................. 392 Margareta Sfirschi-Lăudat La syntaxeformulaire de l’infinitifadnominal chez Homère.......................................... 403 Andreea Ștefan Negotiating authorship between the philosopher ’s authority and the disciple ’s reverence in the discourses ofEpictetus............................................. 437 Elena Emilia Ștefan La signification religieuse de la reconstruction de l’espace après séisme dans I Empire Romain................................................................................ 446 Alexandra Trachsel L homonymie d’Ephyra et l’épineuse question des sources du livre 8 de Strabon......... 458 Cătălina Vătășescu Jurămîntul în societatea tradițională albaneză. Terminologie și comparație cu româna. Observații preliminare..................................... 477 Horatio Caesar Roger Vella Christianity in Homer and Vergil’s Aeneid..................................................................... 484 ABSTRACTS / RÉSUMÉS / REZUMATE................................................................................................. 517
[Alexandru AVRAM Į Universitas Cenomanensis De aliquot collegiis Tomitanorum eorumque ‘saluatoribus’ Inter titulos, quos Georgius Stoian a. 1987 postume edidit (ISM II), duos recognosco, qui scripturae causa imperatorum aetati Seuerorum attribuendi sunt (nn. 17 et 19) et quamquam separatim inserti sine ulia dubitatione ad unum idemque Tomitanum quodam collegium pertinent. Hoc collegium, cuius gesta feriaeque ad Tomitanum gymnasium eiusque muñera spectauisse apparet (uide in primis gymnasiarchos duos, n. 17, uu. 14-15), multos fortasse numerabat socios, quorum nomina (permixtc Greaca et Latina, et quoque Thracia, ex quo reuera “Namenverwirrung”) dictis albis partim excerpere possumus. * Andrei A. AVRAM University of Bucharest Latinization in pre-19։h century Maltese This paper is a survey of the Latinization of Maltese between c. 1450 and the end of the 18th century. The sources analyzed include literary and non-literary texts, archival documents, word-lists, and dictionaries. Also discussed are a number of problems arising when attempting to assess the number of Sicilian and Italian loanwords and the extent of their diffusion in pre-19th-century Maltese. * Diana BARABOI Université de Bucarest ^Evangile selon saint Jean (4,1-30) Conversation de Jésus avec la Samaritaine Parallèle entre l’interprétation de Saint Augustin et celle de Hrabanus Maurus Cette courte parabole biblique a bénéficié, au fil du temps, de nombreuses interprétations de la part des Saints Pères, dont Saint Augustin, dans le In Evangelium Ioannis tractatus et Hrabanus Maurus, dans De universo libri viginti
duo. Les deux auteurs ont scruté le texte, en essayant de mettre en lumière le message évangélique chargé de symboles. Chaque interprétation est unique à sa manière ; les différences résident dans le style des deux Pères et les buts de leur travail. Par exemple, si l’évêque Augustin a choisi de traiter en détail, dans un commentaire à plusieurs niveaux, cette parabole, Hrabanus s’est surtout ingénié à en donner une explication allégorique. * Frédérique BIVILLE “Lumière” University Lyon 2 Female voices in Latin literature Even if the Latin literature did not transmit to us major works written by women, their voices can nevertheless be heard in various contexts, in theoretical analyses and in historical or fictional situation. These female voices take place in the traditional and hierarchical binarity of the
519 masculine and the feminine, but the plurality and the complexity of the gender are taken into account. They reflect the diversity of the vocal productions that make each individual a unique being, at the different stages of his life. They often respond to stereotypes which are specific to some literary genres, such as the charming voice of the puella or the shouts of the grumbling wife, but they may also reveal some nice vocal portraits of antique women. Like other indices, the female voices, as they appear in Latin texts, are indicative of the attitudes towards women and the status that has been given to them in the Roman society. * Răzvan BRAN University of Bucharest The conceptual metaphors of mind in Spanish The present paper deals with the metaphors that structure the complex concept of human mind and their representation in the common language. After briefly presenting the main concepts of the cognitive theory of conceptual metaphor (Lakoff Johnson), we analyse the recurrent metaphorical conceptualisations of the mind reflected in the Spanish press, where we identified the following image schemas: the mind is an object, the mind is an instrument, the mind is a container, the mind is a machine, the mind is a world. One metaphorization does not exclude other, as they reflect different significant aspects. They also engender coherent conceptual networks with other schemas (e.g. the ideas are objects). Our investigation highlights that, in spite of their systematicity, metaphors are contextual and culturally dependent, as shown by some conceptualisations discussed
here (the mind is a machine). Moreover, metaphors are present not only in everyday language, but also in scientific language, as they ease the expression of abstract concepts. We conclude that metaphor is a mechanism of human cognition and not just a device of the poetic or rhetorical discourse. * Valy CEIA Universitatea de Vest din Timișoara Reveriile unui voiajor imaginar Cît de frumoasă e o călătorie? Cit de pitorești sint locurile străbătute? Atîta cit ne îngăduie să vedem ochiul interior, fiindcă adevăratele călătorii se desăvîrșesc întotdeauna înlăuntrul nostru. Dar pînă să ajungem pe acest liman adîne, să ne luăm scriitorii drept ghizi într-un voiaj italian. In cronica sa De neamul moldovenilor, din ce țară au ieșit strămoșii lor, Miron Costin realizează o descriere a Italiei care ne aruncă brusc într-un ținut ideal; tărîmul Italiei se dezvăluie ochilor noștri de o tulburătoare frumusețe și armonie, de o uimitoare abundență. Evident, tabloul surprinde prin dimensiunea sa idilică, mai mult, prin crearea unui spațiu aflat în proximitatea lumii basmului. Descumpăniți, poate, să nu ne grăbim însă cu catalogările și, pentru o dreaptă cumpănire, să procedăm, fie și alert, la o incursiune diacronică. Astfel, pentru lectorul literaturii latine, imaginea evocă viguros elogiul pe care Vergilius îl realizează în cartea a II-a a Georgicelor, unde excursul poemului didactic, înscris perfect în economia textului, nu face decît să potențeze elemente ideatice de forță ale operei. Ca atare, în loc să amendăm gîndirea prea exaltat idealistă a cronicarului, vom recunoaște într-o atare
structură retorică o delicată, generoasă formă de elogiere a unui ilustru predecesor literar, citatul omagial. Iar dacă Miron Costin, vedem, a avut drept model excursul vergilian, poetul mantuan a descoperit, la rîndu-i, în opera antecesorului său Varro, De re rustica (I, 2), apărută cu trei-patru ani înaintea Georgicelor, elementele dinamice prin care să nemurească Italia. Așa cum literatura critică a evidențiat deja, acolo descoperim antiteza dintre
520 Italia și alte țări glorificate pentru rodnicia lor, Varro fiind modelul pentru poetul mantuan, într-un mod pe care „cărunta vechie cinstită” îl socotea nu doar firesc, ci și obligatoriu. Vizînd cu intensitate trezirea conștiințelor amorțite, toposul Italiei ca patrie ideală revine, însă, și la poeții congeneri Propertius și Tibullus, statornicindu-se astfel în devenirea literaturii latine. Prin urmare, ceu cursores, Varro, Vergilius, Propertius, Tibullus, Grattius, Plinius Secundus, Rutilius Namantianus - ca să invoc aici doar cîteva nume ֊ preiau, nuanțează, personalizează laus Italiae. în felul acesta se configurează, în lumea realității textului, ceea ce, în interpretarea sa la excursul vergilian, Christine Perkeli denumește „adevărul poeților”. Avînd drept punctum a quo exuberanta descriere a Italiei pe care o descoperim în cronica lui Miron Costin, în structuri retorice și cu un arsenal imaginativ comparabil cu cele ale vîrstei de aur a omenirii, reflectată în literatura greco-latină, lucrarea mea urmărește pe de o parte toposul elogierii Italiei la autorii latini, iar pe de alta, evidențiază un element comun al marii literaturi, intertextualitatea ca formă intrinsecă de existență. Fixat în elementele sale de rezistență de către Vergilius, motivele elogiului s-au impus posterității literare. Au fost însă modificate, amplificate, adaptate, devenind pe rînd un manifest al iubirii de patrie, cînd discret, cînd pătimaș. Mai mult, un simplu cadru literar prilejuiește propriul nostru excurs într-un univers literar și cultural plurivalent. Modalitățile în care se
configurează, se propagă, se metamorfozează, se redimensionează sínt tot atîtea căi de reflecție asupra instanțelor literare și, deopotrivă, existențiale. Iată de ce o călătorie în ținutul italic nu se oprește nici la acțiunea de facto, nici, măcar, la lectura bibliografiei științifice ori literare. Italia illustrata a lui Flavio Biondo, Italienische Reise a lui Goethe, La Italia a lui Gheorghe Asachi, A Letter from Italy a lui Joseph Addison, ce probează interesul admirativ stîrnit mereu de către Saturnia tellus, vin să întărească pe rînd acest adevăr. * Vichi Eugenia CIOCANI Université „Babeș-Bolyai”, de Cluj-Napoca Parthenia et mariage dans les romans de Chariton d’Aphrodise et Xénophon d’Éphèse Chariton et Xénophon sont deux des premiers romanciers grecs anciens, moins complexes et sophistiqués que les écrivains tardifs comme Longus ou Heliodorus. Néanmoins, leur engagement en ce qui concerne le thème central du genre, c’est-à-dire la préservation de la parthénia de l’héroïne, contre toute attente, est original et inconcevable. Cet article se penchera sur les rapports entre la parthénia et le mariage dans les deux romans, ainsi que sur les liens entre le thème de la fausse mort et l’association traditionnelle rituelle du mariage avec la mort de la mariée. Enfin, les actions qui menacent la parthénie de l’héroïne seront mises en contraste avec la perte imminente du statut social par l’esclavage, une expérience commune pendant les voyages des anciens Grecs et Romains. * Alexandra CIOCÂRLIE Institutul de Istorie și Teorie Literară „George Călinescu” Ovidius, personaj de
roman în romanul Dumnezeu s-a născut în exil, Vintila Horia imaginează modificarea percepției lui Ovidiu asupra Tomisului, văzut inițial ca ținut al pedepsei, ulterior - ca spațiu al revelațiilor esențiale. în cele din urmă, locul ostil al condamnării lui Ovidiu s-a transformat în loc al dobîndirii cunoașterii de sine și al descifrării sensurilor lumii. Pentru poetul antic, Roma era centrul lumii,
521 / Sów«։ ! singurul loc în care existența lui avea sens, pentru personajul imaginat de scriitorul român exilat la rîndul lui, Tomisul aflat la periferia imperiului devine centrul propriului univers. * Victor COJOCARU Iași Institute of Archaeology The language of the Greek inscriptions from the cities of the Northern Black Sea Coast of the 6th century BC to the 3rd century AD. I. Vocabulary The Lexicon will draw a picture of the less common names and verbal forms. The study is mainly based on the vocabulary characteristic of North-Pontic epigraphy (including words with hapax status), but also some specific occurrences in other regions that are unique references for the area between the Lower Danube and the Caucasus. Special attention is given to personal names, so that the Lexicon makes a significant contribution to the treasury of Greek and intercultural anthroponomy in the Black-Sea area. In the case of the catalogued words, the author focuses on the etymology, the morphological structure, the frequency of the attestations and some potential meaning that might be deduced from the specific context of its attestation. * Alexandra CORNILESCU University of Bucharest External possessors, weak definites and direct object interpretations The goal of the present paper is to prove that definite DPs which occur in external possessor constructions functioning as possessed objects are weak definites, as first defined in Carlson (2003). Romanian shows a wide range of external possessor constructions and all of them behave uniformly with respect to this interpretative property. All
of them pass the tests that identify weak definite, as recently summed up in Aguilar (2014). On the other hand, syntactically external possessor constructions are non-uniform falling into two classes, depending on whether they express only inalinable possession, or can express both alienable and inalienable possession. The discussion of weak definites also leads to another semantically interesting result, namely, even with extensional verbs, a definite Direct Object (i.e. a definite description) is not necessarily referential. When the Direct Object is a weak definite, a property reading of the object is obligatory. In such cases, the V+DO combination yields a complex (often idiomatic) predicate. * Anca COSĂCEANU University of Bucharest Crisis as disease: conceptual metaphors in the Romanian Press This paper is part of a larger study dealing with the linguistic representation in media discourse of two major crisis of the last decade: the economic crisis (2008-2012) and the current Ukrainian political crisis. Our aim here is to offer an analysis of some recurrent conceptual metaphors employed in the Romanian press to refer to these crisis: the “disease metaphors”. We begin by presenting the main concepts of the cognitive theory of metaphor, such as metaphorical mapping, target domain, source domain, idealized cognitive model, image schema. In our view, the idealized cognitive models and the image schemas are the basis for metaphorical mapping, as they represent basically stereotypical aspects of a source domain. “Crisis as Disease”
522 metaphors are activations of two idealized cognitive models, the SICKNESS model and the MEDICAL TREATMENT model, including elements as CLINICAL CONTEXT, TYPE OF ILLNESS, SYMPTOMS, SPREADING, DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATION. The disease metaphors which we are dealing with are activated by the conceptual metaphors THE ECONOMY IS A PATIENT and POLITICS IS A PATIENT. They are organismic metaphors, describing economic and political crisis in terms of personification. We present corpus data found in the Romanian newspapers Adevărul, Gîndul, Jurnalul Național, Evenimentul Zilei, Cronica Română. The corpus analysis allows us to notice similarities and differences in distribution patterns as well as in the lexicalization of the disease metaphors referring to the economic crisis /vs. / the political crisis. We explain both by identifying the sets of correspondences between the source domain of health and each of the two target domains: economy and politics. Another type of similarities, however, concerns the source domains that most of the conceptual metaphors in our corpus draw on: health (disease metaphors), nature (natural disaster metaphors) and weather (weather condition metaphors). These we try to explain by postulating two mental patterns that underlie the three source domains: CAUSE-EFFECT and BALANCE/UNB ALANCE. * Ioana COSTA Università di Bucarest Con о senza -a Alcuni pronomi e adverbi romeni sono talvolta raddoppiati, e.g. acest vs acesta (“questo”), nimeni vs nimenea (“nessuno”), aici/aci vs aicea/acia (“qui”). Questi sviluppi non hanno parallelo nelle lingue romanze
occidentali; si trovano tuttavia in lingue che condividono con la lingua romena un plausibile patrimonio pre-romano (e.g. istroromeno țel vs (eia, aromeno aței vs meglenoromeno (elea). * Lidia COTEA Université de Bucarest Les mythes de la francité revisités par des écrivains français contemporains Les éléments, nombreux et variés, qui constituent les assises de la notion complexe de francité sont l’effet d’une construction historique et nous parviennent par le prisme de certains textes qui devraient être (re)visités. S’il y a des historiens et des écrivains préoccupés surtout par la construction des mythes de la francité (Jules Michelet, Ernest Renan, Paul Valéry, Lucien Febvre, François Crouzet, Jean Schlumberger, Roger Martin du Gard ne sont que quelques noms d’une longue liste), il y a également d’autres qui vont plutôt en sens inverse, voulant déconstruire ce mythe, le cas de Pierre Daninos comptant parmi les meilleurs exemples. Andrei՜ Makine, écrivain d’origine russe, naturalisé Français, fait figure à part et se distingue par une manière très lucide d’envisager la francité, qui n’exclut pas pour autant l’émotion et un immense amour, cette attitude lui permettant de parler de « la France éternelle » autrement que dans les termes d’une hyperbole nationaliste. *
523 Gabriela CREȚIA Universitatea din București Се-ar fi să îl mai citim pe Eminescu? în ciuda unei exegeze serioase și ample, somptuosul poem eminescian Strigoii își păstrează misterul. Cu toată modestia nespecialistului, încercăm și noi să deslușim cîteva dintre arcanele lui. * Anca CRIVĂȚ University of Bucharest “Franks have only one eye...” This research focuses on the significance of linguistic and religious informations that are offered by medieval travel books, in order to examine the perception of alterity in the context of the didactic discourse. * Alexandra CUNIȚĂ Université de Bucarest La dimension sémantique de l’énoncé proverbial L’intérêt accru pour le fonctionnement de certaines catégories d’unités de la langue dans le discours a poussé ces derniers temps de nombreux linguistes français réputés à marquer un retour vers une forme particulière de « discours clos et autonome », vers un type de « texte minimal » quelque peu délaissé : le proverbe. Depuis une trentaine d’années, plusieurs directions se font concurrence dans les recherches consacrées aux énoncés parémiques, mais la direction dont on reprend ici les principes et la méthodologie de travail est la « théorie des formes sémantiques », dans la version que développe actuellement Gréa (2017). Guidée par l’idée que ce qui fait de certaines phrases génériques des proverbes c’est, avant tout, leur « transposabilité », leur aptitude à sortir de leur domaine source pour s’appliquer à des domaines cibles, plus ou moins variés, nous nous attachons à vérifier que la « molécule sémique » qu’ils lexicalisent se
caractérise réellement par une cohérence extrêmement forte, autrement dit, que chacun des exemples analysés est le résultat de la lexicalisation d’une « forme sémantique forte ». * Dana DINU University of Craiova Varro about the word-formation in Latin The intention of this article is to present Varro’s thinking on word formation in Latin and to highlight his important contribution to the study of Latin from lexicological and morphological perspective. Varro’s theory can only be partially reconstituted, by assembling the ideas contained in several passages dispersed throughout the treatise De lingua Latina, in its incomplete form as we have today. Despite this, in the last few decades, a deeper and more thorough reading of the Varronian text by certain scholars revealed his profound linguistic thinking, autonomous and original in many respects. In the field of lexical creation, remarkable is the idea that declinatio is a linguistic phenomenon useful and necessary in all languages, which is tantamount to formulating a linguistic universal. *
524 Tudor DINU University of Bucharest The Slavonic Language School in the Old Church of Saint George in Bucharest during the Phanariot Period (1716-1821) Destroyed in the Great Fire of 1847, the Slavonic language school from the church of Saint George the Old in Bucharest is known through only the scarce documentary information we have tried to collect in our present paper. First of all, we have gathered the data regarding the spaces for teaching and accommodating both teachers and pupils. Second, we have shown interest in the status of the educators (the wages they were receiving, the fiscal exemptions they were enjoying, the other activities they were undertaking in order to increase their earnings, the plots they were hatching for getting appointed and then keeping their position). Lastly, we have aimed to ascertain the origin of the pupils and the subjects they were taught (Slavonic grammar, elements of liturgical practice, of arithmetic, history and geography), following the gradual process of replacing Slavonic by Romanian as a teaching language. * Doina DOROFTEI FILIMON Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan - Al. Rosetti” Locuri ovidiene Se examinează modul în care sínt înfățișate în creația ovidiană unele locuri semnificative (stînca, portul, ogorul, uscatul și marea) și procedeele prin care acestea devin simbolice. De asemenea, se reconstituie imaginea Romei și a Tomisului din perspectiva operelor exilului, urmărindu-se acele elemente descriptive caracteristice care devin treptat loci communes. * Elena ERMOLAEVA Saint Petersburg State University, The Helsinki
Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki Some notes on Homer in the Russian translations of Nikolay Gnedich and Vasiliy Zhukovsky The first translations of Homer into Russian appeared only in the mid 18lh century, rather late compared to translations into other European languages. It was, in fact, with the aspiration of restoring the Byzantine Empire that Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia (1762-1796), commissioned a translation of Homer into Russian. Although she had earlier mentioned a Russian translation of the Iliad in her correspondence with Voltaire, commissioned by Prince Grigory Potemkin (1739-1791) and fulfilled by an orthodox writer, Catherine was disappointed with this work. Thus, the fate of the very first prose translations of Homer was sealed. The poet Ermil Kostrov (1755-1796) would fulfil Catherine’s commission, composing his translation in alexandrine meter, a choice that Catherine the Great delighted in, as the resulting translation resembled French poetry. Unfortunately, Kostrov published only his translations to the first six books before his untimely death in 1796.
525 Mariana FRANGA “Spim Haret” University of Bucharest Liviu FRANGA University of Bucharest Neoteric atmosphere. The poetry of Licinius Calvus The literary and human profile of this poeta nouus, Licinius Calvus, appears much easier to reconstitute thanks to the variety of the existing collateral information. From a very young age Licinius Calvus is recognized as a master of pleading thanks to the brilliance of his demonstration and also through the persuasive capacity, based on the austere art of the word. Licinius Calvus practiced all the poetic genres approached by neoterics, continuing, as his entire poetic generation, the epigrammatic tradition of elegiac meters with an interesting theme, namely, a political one, continuing, therefore, the tradition of satirical epigrams. But Calvus also wrote funeral erotic poems dedicated to Quintilla, his wife prematurely disappeared, and texts belonging to another sphere of lyric, namely epithalamia. Last but not least, he wrote some lyrical poems in the strict sense of the term, composed in the specific metres of Greek origin lyricism. * Ioana-Ruxandra FRUNTELATĂ University of Bucharest “Little Lazarus”: The mythical memory of a Romanian folk custom The paper starts by noticing similar elements which can be identified in the content of the Romanian folk ritual text called “Lăzărel” (Little Lazarus) and in the sequence of Pentheus’ death as it appears in The Bacchae of Euripides. The question that I attempt to answer, by interrelating the folk ritual text and the mythical narrative and by taking into account the different contexts
in which they occur is the following: What could a folk custom tell us about a myth? “Lăzărel” folk ritual text is part of the custom with the same name, which is practised on the Eve of Palm Sunday, in the “Saturday of Lazarus”, by a group of girls formed around a so-called “Lăzăriță” (She-Little Lazarus) or “bride”. The group of girls goes from one village house to another and at each house, they perform a ritual dance and a song and are offered eggs, fruit and money in exchange. The oldest reference to “Lăzărel” custom dates back to the end of the nineteenth century, when it was mentioned in the area of Bucharest, in the south of Romania. Nevertheless, exegeses argue that the custom was spread in several areas and actually, it was performed all over the Balkan Peninsula also by Aromanians, Bulgarians and Greek people. Besides its name (“Lăzărel”, diminutive of Lazarus, reminiscent of Lazarus of Bethany, whom Jesus Christ raised from the dead), the Romanian folk custom has little to do with Christian tradition and is usually interpreted in literature as folklòric expression of a vegetational cult, most probably the cult of Dionysos. I examine the constituent parts of the ritual scheme and of the “Lăzărel” folk text in relation to various types of “divine deaths” in mythology: the death and resurrection of the Agrarian divinity, the “redeemed” death of divinities who come back to life for a period and then they return to the world of the dead, and the cosmogonic death of divinities who sacrifice their bodies in order to provide vital material for the making of the world. I
also analyse the cultural semantics of the three symbolic elements which are recurrent in different variants of the “Lăzărel” folk text: blood, milk and walnut tree leaf, producing the
526 hypotesis that the mythological background of the rite expresses the primitive idea of reiteration of cosmogonic sacrifice which confers immortality to the victim, consecrating him. “Lăzărel” is an unusual custom if we place it in the festive Easter folk calendar, because it implies a public appearance of the feminine group, performing a musical-poetic text and a choreographic sequence, therefore playing a ritual part which is rather an attribute of the masculine group, according to tradition. Nevertheless, it has been assimilated by Christian folk communities and it has been preserved in a privileged position because it embeds, especially in its associated folk text, the memory of a deeply rooted mythical nucleus, also displaying several interesting “secondary elaborations” developed along time. * Simona GEORGESCU University of Bucharest Patterns of semantic evolution of the proto-Indo-European roots with the original meaning ‘to swell’ We shall focus on the semantic patterns that define the evolution towards the Indo-European languages of the proto-Indo-European stems meaning ‘to swell’. We aim at showing that the cognitive schemes leading to semantic change are recurrent, not only in the analyzed evolutions, but in the case of many words meaning ‘to swell’, ‘swollen’, or ‘prominence’ in various languages. * Theodor GEORGESCU University of Bucharest Diodotos’ pieces of advice (Thucydides 3,42-9) In the summer of 427 BC, during the fifth year of the Peloponnesian War, the city of Mytilene, allied with Athena in the League of Delos, decides with the complicity and in
the interest of Sparta, to leave the alliance. From Athena, a trireme left for Mytilene with the task of severely punishing the rebellion. The next day, however, considering that they have taken excessive measures, they are discussing again the sanctions. Cleon speaks in favour of maintaining the punishment initially established, arguing that the decision is both straightforward and long-term advantageous. Against what had been established, the “moderate” Diodotus proposes to cancel the reprisals and puts the focus of Athena’s “interest” (ξυμφέρον) in the centre of his speech in front of the Athenian people. This controversy has remained in the history the “Mytilenian Debate”. Our article discusses the arguments of Diodotus. * Ana-Cristina HALICHIAS Université de Bucarest Bref aperçu des opuscules de Georg Šoferius De ducibus Valachiae et Moldavorum reguli L’article attire l’attention sur deux chroniques consacrées aux voivodes de Valachie (De ducibus Valachiae) et de Moldavie (Moldavorum reguli), dès la formation des deux principautés jusqu’au début du XVIIIe siècle. Rédigées par le croniqueur saxon Georg Šoferius (1673-1728), les deux opuscules ont plusieurs copies manuscrites, conservées dans des archives et bibliothèques
527 en Roumanie et en Hongrie. L’auteur de l’article décrit et compare ces copies et présente brièvement le contenu des deux chroniques. * Mihail-George HÂNCU L’Institut des Études Sud-Est Européennes de Bucarest “A rose by any other name”·. L’amour dans les cosmogonies présocratiques Un des plus grands dilemmes des cosmogonies présocratiques est celui de l’existence d’une terminologie spécialisée pour les éléments primordiaux. Ainsi, dans le cas du mot ”Ερως, le problème est compliqué par son statut double de concept et de divinité personnifiée. Comment est-ce que’on l’a associé avec la création de l’univers ? S’agit-il d’une divinité cosmogonique ou bien d’un processus d’abstraction à la fin duquel on retrouve les principes opposés d’Empédocle ? * Daniela IONESCU University of Bucharest Anti-proverbs and their discourse function in a public speech - a bi-lingual example - The aim of the present study is to identify those linguistic and (cross-cultural) sources of anti-proverb generation and production and the present frequency of this construction in Romanian political and social discourse, as a result of the recent transition period in this country. A preliminary approach to the construction is based on existing studies on anti-proverbs in English, especially as an authorial type of anti-proverb formation (cf W. Churchill’s writings). If we are to draw a cognitive, cultural comparison between the English anti-proverbs and the Romanian ones, an important distinction could be noticed quite readily: very few of the English (American) anti-proverbs are related to politics,
generally speaking, they relate to a variety of social aspects, social classes, commercial life, advertising techniques, etc. On the contrary, the few anti-proverbs that were signaled in Romanian are all connected either to political realities or to the innate socio-behavioural mentalities of the people. A cross-linguistic and cross-cultural analysis of the English and Romanian anti-proverbs will lay a different stress on their communicative force, in the new social-linguistic context. * Sorana-Cristina MAN The National Museum of the Romanian Peasant; Bucharest Several remarks on death in Greek tragedy and the philosophy of Martin Heidegger The article sets out to highlight the connections that can be made between the issue of death in Greek tragedy, especially in Aeschylus’ Prometheus Bound, and some of Martin Heidegger’s concepts. Just as the tragic heroes are responsible without being free, because they are subject to fate or to the forces within them and therefore responsible for what they do with what has been given to them, Heidegger’s Dasein has certain determination which he cannot free himself from Thrownness (“Geworfenheit”) and state-of-mind (“Befindlichkeit”) must be mentioned in the context of death in the tragedies since they express, on the one hand, constraint,
528 delimitation, and on the other hand, the freedom which this constraint opens to. In his treatise On Limit, Gabriel Liiceanu writes about a matrix of our borders and limitations, about our unchosen and immutable ‘given’. Moira and tyche in Greek, as well as fortuna and fatum in Latin have a partly similar, partly different meaning. Prometheus is the one who made mankind aware of death, who revealed to them that they were mortals without letting them know the moment when they would die. Thus, knowing that he will die, man lives in the horizon of his own death. It is what Heidegger calls Sein-zum-Tode, which means beiing-towards-death. * Ioana MUNTEANU University of Bucharest Diabolus Machinátor in Cantemir’s Divan The Devil’s apparition as an artful, deceitful, tempter warper in the third part of Cantemir’s Dialogue between the Wiseman and the World is, in itself, not at all surprising, as an entire Judeo-Christian tradition describes God’s enemy in these terms. Still, it is worth noticing and examining more closely the lexical-semantic structure which the wise prince is undertaking from the Unitarian theologian Wissowatius, in order to transfer it into Romanian. The 56th paragraph, which is most enjoyable first of all because of the Christian Devil’s association with some deities of the Greek-Roman mythology, is dominated by the vocabulary and the topic of the versatile and polymorphic astuteness perfectly depicted by the Ancient Greek term μήτις. It is the brightness which is able to reveal itself not only as trickery, but also as resourcefulness and creative power,
thus being obvious why this is also a fundamental Zeus’ attribute, as he is the master of the world, and defines the gods who have the gift of foreseeing the future and also the divinities endowed with a demiurgic vocation as well. Thereby a significant part of the platonic vision of the rationality of Creation is put into crisis. Hence, we intend to bring into light the consistency - in respect of both idea and expression - of the interpretation in malam partem of the semantic field of astuteness in the paragraph 56. of the Dialogue between the Wiseman and the World, by analysing the relations between the Cantemir’s translation, the Latin original text of Wissowatius and the Greek version ascribed to Jeremiah Cacavelas. Keywords: demiurgic Creation, vocabulary of the versatile astuteness (μήτις), Greek-Roman mythology, Christian demonology, humanist sources of Cantemir’s work (transi, by Doina Doroftei Filimon) * Fiorentina NICOLAE “Ovidius” University of Constanța “G. Călinescu” Institute of Literary History and Theory at The Romanian Academy Lights and shadows: the portrait of King Minos in Ovid’s poetry In this paper we aim to operate a synthesis of the portrait medals that Ovidius wrote on King Minos, the legendary king of Crete and one of the judges in the Inferno. Minos passes through the entire Ovid’s work, from debut, to the last of his creations. Ovidius supports the poetic ftmction of the artistic message, using various important moments in the life of this mythological character.
529 Simona NICOLAE Universitatea din București Institutul de Studii Sud-Est Europene al Academiei Române Cîte ceva despre libertate. De la Homer la Platon La cumpăna lumilor, între păgînism și creștinism, pare să se nască libertatea în om, cel puțin din punct de vedere conceptual. Grecitatea însă a exersat în agora libertatea, cu mult înainte ca aceasta să ne locuiască, și a făcut din ea un termen cheie al paradigmei sale civilizatorii. De la începutul homeric și pînă astăzi. Ea definește marea și cerul, insulele și cetățile, limba și muzica, religia păgînă ca și pe cea creștină, oamenii, zeii și pe Dumnezeul acestora (așa cum, plin de semnificație folosește greaca, cel mai adesea, cuvîntul, articulat). Paginile de față au rostul de a marca niște repere, puține, în trecerea libertății din faptă, în cuvînt și în gînd. * Cătălina POPESCU University of Texas at Austin The mysterious Anna Perenna: A perpetual Nymph and a constant Nymphe My paper will discuss the problematic aspect of perpetuity and change in the condition of nubile Anna Perenna. In Ovid’s Fasti the heroine constantly oscillates between the three conditions of a woman: throughout her legend she displays characteristic of a maiden, a fertile mother (3.6.660 teque Iovi primos, Anna, dedisse cibos) and the elderly woman helping the plebeians (3.6.667-9) and tricking Mars (3.6.676-96). She simultaneously embraces all these roles, yet the one that oscillates the most between change and permanence is that of a bride. Tragic marriages run in the family: Dido’s dying bed corresponds with Nicole Loraux’s idea (1991,
31-2) of a link between marriage and death. Dido consummates not only her carnal relationship with Aeneas, but also a symbolic marriage to him, when committing suicide in her bedchamber. Her body, tormented by the pangs of love (Aen. 4.1-2 regina... vulnus alit), is also finally pierced by the sword of Aeneas, in what becomes her ultimate consummation of her funereal wedlock to him (Fas. 3.6.549: praebuit Aeneas et causam mortis et ensem). On the bed which is also her pyre, Dido goes out in smoke, yet she regains a restless and wounded corporeality in the Underworld (3.6.619-20 aspexi non ilio corpore digna / volnera Tartareas ausus adire domos). By consummation of this marriage/death Dido becomes a soul of no land, a vagrant shade in the realm of the lost. A different fate awaits Anna who appears constantly on the verge of transit from maidenhood to womanhood. Yet, she begins not as the real nupta, but as a substitute for a bride. She is pursued by larbas’ Numidians for the sexual refusal of Dido (Fas.3.6.553-5: ‘thalamis tamen ’ inquit ‘Elissae en ego, quern totiens reppulit ilia, fruor ’) and she is later chased (recincta in a titillating attire! 3.6.645) by Lavinia’s men who wrongly believed her to be a paramour of Aeneas and a threat to the conjugal bed (3.6.633-48). In this pursuit Anna dies, supposedly drowned in the waters of the river, but her submersion is cleverly re-interpreted as an abduction by the Numicius’ cupidae undae (3.6.647-8): in this ambiguous marriage she both embraces and avoids death. She never descends into the realm of Hades, but fused with the
waters of her captor, she becomes a river nymph, caught in the middle of a perpetual nuptial act: 3.6.653 placidi sum nympha Numici. Much like her liquid body, Anna cannot be fully “contained” into one status, yet (unlike the vagrant shade of Dido, after her unequivocal “consummation”) she is forever “settled” in her new land of worship.
530 Later on, Anna becomes again a surrogate bride in a farce played against Mars who attempts to persuade Athena to yield to his advances. In the moment of intimacy, Anna reveals herself form the veil, interrupting this way the nuptials (3.6.691) and remaining once more the perpetual virgo/nupta, frozen in a state of virginity on the verge of womanhood. A disembodied watery creature she will forever be not only a nymph, but also a nymphe. * Ana-Maria RĂDUCAN Research Associate CEREFREA, University of Bucharest Institute for Advanced Studies in Levant Culture and Civilization When God is playing hide-and-seek The play of hide-an-seek is a paradigmatic representation of Symeon the New Theologian’s mystical experience, following the allegory from the Song of Song. The mystical experience is often described as a play between two lovers seeking each other, in an apparent discontinuity and lack of synchronicity. The scenario of the hide-an-seek play is repeating over and over from the mystic’s perspective, God is the One who is playing hide-an-seek, like a lover, the Light is the one appearing and disappearing, God is the One who is playing. From a divine perspective, the playing roles are changing: the human being is the one who is hiding in the abyss of the visible world, as being incapable of seeing the Divinity, who is everywhere around him. This leitmotif of the two separated lovers who are seeking each other, losing one another and once again reunited, after great turmoil, seems to have been popular to an audience who is piously frequenting the monasteries, but also living
with passion a worldly life. * Margareta SFIRSCHI-LÄUDAT University of Bucharest The formulaic syntax of the adnominal infinitive in Homer The adnominal function of the infinitive, as a complement to nouns, adjectives or pronouns, represents an archaic use, probably of Indo-European date. From the total of about 3770 Homeric infinitives registered by us, the dependent infinitive records 3536 occurrences, of which 2987 are used with verbs, compared to only 429 adnominal infinitives, distributed as follows: 23lx + adjectives, 181x + nouns, 17x + pronouns. The number of its occurrences is slightly increasing in the Odyssey (204x along with 197x in the Iliad), while in the Hymns, this infinitive syntax is very limited (only 28x infinitives). The morpho-syntactic structures of the Homeric adnominal infinitive are similar with those of the infinitive depending on verbs: statistically, the simple infinitive (18lx) and the dative with infinitive (136x) are still the most frequent here also, although the use of the accusative and infinitive construction seems to increase (112x). The most important syntactic function expressed by the adnominal infinitive is that of subject of a noun (139x + 21 nouns) or adjective (179x + 41 adjectives), mainly without copulative verb, in a nominal sentence (209x). Also, the infinitive may explain (30x + 13 nouns) or limit the determined noun (12x + 2 nouns) or adjective (5lx + 32 adjectives), playing the role of an apposition (limiting and explanatory, epexegetical infinitive). The fourth use with pronouns, not very developed yet in the Homeric
language, is the infinitive of result (17 occurrences with 9 pronouns). Usually, the nouns and adjectives determined by this type of infinitive belong to the same semantic fields of modality, necessity, fate, destiny, or they are related etymologically and are often employed in formulae or formulaic expressions together with their infinitive complements. These patterns are very flexible
531 and present significant variations and even combinations between them, marking the formularity of the traditional diction. * Andreea ȘTEFAN Le Musée National d’Histoire de Roumanie L’auteur dans les Entretiens : de la philosophie d’Épictète à l’édition d’Arrien La renommée d’Epictète, liée aujourd’hui notamment à ses écrits, était, de son vivant, fondée sur son franc-parler. Il y a donc dans la perception moderne d’Epictète un paradoxe qui fait d’un philosophe qui n’écrivait pas l’auteur d’au moins deux ouvrages : les Entretiens et le Manuel. Ainsi son nom se trouve sur la couverture des éditions des deux livres adressés au grand public, tandis que les éditions critiques et surtout les catalogues des bibliothèques peuvent enregistrer aussi, dans le titre ou dans le champ de l’auteur, le nom d’Arrien. La lettre-préface d’Arrien qui ouvre les Entretiens est à l’origine de cette ambiguïté. En effet, là, Arrien affirme que c’était lui qui avait écrit, fidèlement, les mots de son mentor. Par la suite, la critique moderne s’efforce d’établir quelle est la contribution d’Arrien dans la rédaction des Entretiens. Dans cet article je propose une approche du problème dans la perspective de la construction de l’autorité dans les Entretiens. J’examine les passages qui traitent de la nature de la philosophie et de l’autorité qui revient au philosophe, pour me pencher, à la fin, sur la lettre d’Arrien. * Elena Emilia ȘTEFAN Research Associate CEREFREA, University of Bucharest The religious significance of reconstruction after earthquakes in the Roman Empire In this paper I focus on
the religious connotations of the practices put in place in the aftermath of an earthquake in the Roman Empire. As earthquakes were generally interpreted by the Romans as prodigies, i.e. signs sent by the gods in order to express their disapproval of some of the human actions, it is argued here that the process of rebuilding the devastated territory was both a set of measures taken for practical reasons and a set of religious acts designed to restore the broken pact between humans and deities. * Alexandra TRACHSEL Université de Hambourg L’homonymie d’Ephyra et l’épineuse question des sources du livre 8 de Strabon La contribution illustrera un champ privilégié de Mme Bechet, la topographie mythologique. Nous partirons d’une difficulté d’homonymie qui prend son origine dans les poèmes homériques. Le toponyme d’Ephyra est utilisé à plusieurs reprises {II. 2, 659; II. 6, 152; II. 6, 210; II. 13, 301; II. 15, 531 et Od. 1, 259 et Od. 2, 328), mais ne désigne pas toujours la même localité. La difficulté a été perçue dès l’Antiquité et elle fut débattue avec ardeur par des érudits de tout horizon. Nous avons conservé quelques éléments relatifs au débat mené, ce qui nous permettra d’exposer les enjeux et les solutions proposées. Notre discussion partira des textes homériques et donnera une analyse détaillée des passages impliqués. Puis, nous passerons aux nombreux acteurs
532 qui ont pris part au débat. Nous montrerons d’abord quelles sont les sources à notre disposition (Strabon, Etienne de Byzance et le vaste corpus des scholies). Ces textes nous permettent, encore aujourd’hui, de suivre le débat, même si ce n’est que de manière très lacunaire, et de voir comment les anciens cherchaient à retrouver les scènes des épisodes homériques dans le paysage réel. Toutefois, ces ouvrages influencent également notre accès au débat, notamment par le choix que leurs auteurs ont fait en sélectionnant, dans la documentation qui était à leur disposition, les informations qui leur paraissaient pertinentes. Ensuite, nous passerons à l’analyse des solutions proposées, ce qui nous permettra également de brosser un tableau des érudits (commentateurs homériques, experts locaux, géographes ou poètes) qui ont animé la controverse, tout en essayant, chacun à sa manière, de la résoudre. Nous chercherons avant tout à montrer la richesse du débat et les diversités des solutions apportées, sans en privilégier l’une d’entre elles et sans vouloir chercher à donner une solution nous-mêmes. C’est le point de vue des anciens qui sera au cœur de notre approche. * Catalina VĂTĂȘESCU Institutul de Studii Sud-Est Europene al Academiei Române Jurămîntul în societatea tradițională albaneză. Terminologie și comparație cu româna. Observații preliminare Jurămîntul este un domeniu al cărui lexic oferă date interesante de istorie culturală. In albaneză, vocabularul jurămîntului este format din elemente autohtone și împrumuturi vechi din latină, care au corespondente în română.
Studiul situațiilor extralingvistice în care are loc jurămîntul oferă de asemenea material interesant pentru comparația cu româna. Surse importante de material sínt codul de legi nescrise pentru albaneză și textele pravilelor din secolul al XVI-lea pentru română. * Horatio Caesar Roger VELLA University of Malta Christianity in Homer and Vergil’s Aeneid Both Homer and Vergil show, as Christian doctrine does, what big difference exists between the good and the evil, and the reward and punishment that await those who commit them. Justice and hospitality, important Christian values, are prominent in Homer, destiny and an organized empire, symbols of the Kingdom of God, in Vergil. In the two poets, the notion of the afterlife is developed from a gloomy situation to a place of purification before a second birth. Indeed, for Vergil and for the Christians, such a revelation can serve Man to improve on his own behavior while still on Earth and understanding of the purpose of life. Finally, both Homer and Vergil unconsciously were preparing for the era of the Messiah and his Kingdom, where everybody is considered important, including beggars and wanderers, where cooperation and organization under a central administration guarantees to a brotherhood of Man peace to all men of good will.
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CUVÎNT CĂTRE CITITOR. 9 LITTERIS CLASSICIS SEMPER DEVOTA. 11 LISTA LUCRĂRILOR FILOLOGULUI FLORICA BECHET.15 EVOCĂM. 29 Simona Nicolae Generații. 30 Anca Ionescu Dragă Doamnă Profesoară. 30 Elvira Dinu Om și dascăl. 32 Maria C. Trușcă Αρκείμοι μόνον το βλέπειν σε. 32 Isabela Stoian Ο dezlegare a tainei. 33 Alexandru Vlad Laudatio. 35 SCRIPTA MANENT.37 ¡Alexandru Avram ļ De aliquot collegiis Tomitanorum eorumque
‘saluatoribus’. 38 Andrei A. Avram Latinization in pre-19lh-century Maltese. 44 Diana Baraboi Sfînta Evanghelie după юап;4,1-30. Convorbirea lui lisus cu femeia samarineancă. Paralelă între interpretarea Fericitului Augustin și cea a lui Hrabanus Maurus. 59 Frédérique Biville Voixfeminines dans la littérature latine. 67 Răzvan Bran Las metáforas conceptuales de la mente en español. 8 7 Valy Ceia Reveriile unui voiajor imaginar. 100 Vichi Eugenia Ciocani Parthenia and marriage in the novels of Chariton ofAphrodisias and Xenophon ofEphesus. 108
6 Alexandra Ciocârlie Ovide, personnage de roman. Ц8 Victor Cojocarii Limba inscripțiilor grecești din orașele de la nordul Mării Negre în secolele VI a. Chr. -IIIp. Chr. I. Lexicul. 125 Alexandra Cornilescu External possessors, weak definites and direct object interpretations. 158 Anca Cosăceanu Criza ca o boală: metafore conceptuale în presa românească. 172 Ioana Costa With or without -a. 188 Lidia Cotea Les mythes de lafrancité revisités par des écrivains français contemporains. 193 Gabriela Creția Се-arfi să-l mai citim pe Eminescu?. 201 Anca Crivăț “Los Francos han un ojo. ”. 210 Alexandra Cuniță La dimension sémantique de l’énoncé proverbial. 223 Dana Dinu Varro despreformarea cuvintelor în latină. 235 Tudor Dinu Școala de slovenie de la biserica bucureșteană Sfintul Gheorghe Vechi în timpul perioadeifanariote (1716-1821). 251 Doina Doroftei Filimon Locuri ovidiene. 258
Elena Ermolaeva Some notes on Homer in the Russian translations ofNikolay Gnedich and Vasiliy Zhukovsky. 272 Mariana Franga, Liviu Franga Atmosfera neoterică. Poezia lui Licinius Calvus.277 Ioana-Ruxandra Fruntelatä „Lázáréiul" : memoria mitică a unui obicei popular românesc. 288 Simona Georgescu Pautas de evolución semàntica de las ralees protoindoeuropeas con el sentido originario de ‘hinchar ’.298 Theodor Georgescu Sfaturile lui Diodotos (Thucydides З, 42-9). 306 Ana-Cristina Halichias Scurtă privire asupra opusculelor lui Georg Šoferius De Ducibus Valachiae și Moldavorum reguli. 313 Mihail-George Hâncu “A rose by any other name”: Love in presocratic cosmogonies. 321 Daniela Ionescu Anti-proverbs and their discoursefunction in a public speech ֊ a bi-lingual example. 328 Sorana-Cristina Man Several remarks on death in Greek tragedy and the philosophy ofMartin Heidegger .339 Ioana Munteanu Diabolus machinátor în Divanul cantemirian. 345 Florentina Nicolae Lumini și umbre: portretul regelui Minos în lirica
ovidiană.361 SimonaNicolae Cîte ceva despre libertate. De la Homer la Platon. 366
7 Cătălina Popescu The mysterious Anna Perenna: a perpetual Nymph and a constant Nymphe.377 Ana-Maria Räducan Cînd Dumnezeu se joacă de-a fața ascunselea. 392 Margareta Sfirschi-Lăudat La syntaxeformulaire de l’infinitifadnominal chez Homère. 403 Andreea Ștefan Negotiating authorship between the philosopher ’s authority and the disciple ’s reverence in the discourses ofEpictetus. 437 Elena Emilia Ștefan La signification religieuse de la reconstruction de l’espace après séisme dans I 'Empire Romain. 446 Alexandra Trachsel L'homonymie d’Ephyra et l’épineuse question des sources du livre 8 de Strabon. 458 Cătălina Vătășescu Jurămîntul în societatea tradițională albaneză. Terminologie și comparație cu româna. Observații preliminare. 477 Horatio Caesar Roger Vella Christianity in Homer and Vergil’s Aeneid. 484 ABSTRACTS / RÉSUMÉS / REZUMATE. 517
[Alexandru AVRAM Į Universitas Cenomanensis De aliquot collegiis Tomitanorum eorumque ‘saluatoribus’ Inter titulos, quos Georgius Stoian a. 1987 postume edidit (ISM II), duos recognosco, qui scripturae causa imperatorum aetati Seuerorum attribuendi sunt (nn. 17 et 19) et quamquam separatim inserti sine ulia dubitatione ad unum idemque Tomitanum quodam collegium pertinent. Hoc collegium, cuius gesta feriaeque ad Tomitanum gymnasium eiusque muñera spectauisse apparet (uide in primis gymnasiarchos duos, n. 17, uu. 14-15), multos fortasse numerabat socios, quorum nomina (permixtc Greaca et Latina, et quoque Thracia, ex quo reuera “Namenverwirrung”) dictis albis partim excerpere possumus. * Andrei A. AVRAM University of Bucharest Latinization in pre-19։h century Maltese This paper is a survey of the Latinization of Maltese between c. 1450 and the end of the 18th century. The sources analyzed include literary and non-literary texts, archival documents, word-lists, and dictionaries. Also discussed are a number of problems arising when attempting to assess the number of Sicilian and Italian loanwords and the extent of their diffusion in pre-19th-century Maltese. * Diana BARABOI Université de Bucarest ^Evangile selon saint Jean (4,1-30) Conversation de Jésus avec la Samaritaine Parallèle entre l’interprétation de Saint Augustin et celle de Hrabanus Maurus Cette courte parabole biblique a bénéficié, au fil du temps, de nombreuses interprétations de la part des Saints Pères, dont Saint Augustin, dans le In Evangelium Ioannis tractatus et Hrabanus Maurus, dans De universo libri viginti
duo. Les deux auteurs ont scruté le texte, en essayant de mettre en lumière le message évangélique chargé de symboles. Chaque interprétation est unique à sa manière ; les différences résident dans le style des deux Pères et les buts de leur travail. Par exemple, si l’évêque Augustin a choisi de traiter en détail, dans un commentaire à plusieurs niveaux, cette parabole, Hrabanus s’est surtout ingénié à en donner une explication allégorique. * Frédérique BIVILLE “Lumière” University Lyon 2 Female voices in Latin literature Even if the Latin literature did not transmit to us major works written by women, their voices can nevertheless be heard in various contexts, in theoretical analyses and in historical or fictional situation. These female voices take place in the traditional and hierarchical binarity of the
519 masculine and the feminine, but the plurality and the complexity of the gender are taken into account. They reflect the diversity of the vocal productions that make each individual a unique being, at the different stages of his life. They often respond to stereotypes which are specific to some literary genres, such as the charming voice of the puella or the shouts of the grumbling wife, but they may also reveal some nice vocal portraits of antique women. Like other indices, the female voices, as they appear in Latin texts, are indicative of the attitudes towards women and the status that has been given to them in the Roman society. * Răzvan BRAN University of Bucharest The conceptual metaphors of mind in Spanish The present paper deals with the metaphors that structure the complex concept of human mind and their representation in the common language. After briefly presenting the main concepts of the cognitive theory of conceptual metaphor (Lakoff Johnson), we analyse the recurrent metaphorical conceptualisations of the mind reflected in the Spanish press, where we identified the following image schemas: the mind is an object, the mind is an instrument, the mind is a container, the mind is a machine, the mind is a world. One metaphorization does not exclude other, as they reflect different significant aspects. They also engender coherent conceptual networks with other schemas (e.g. the ideas are objects). Our investigation highlights that, in spite of their systematicity, metaphors are contextual and culturally dependent, as shown by some conceptualisations discussed
here (the mind is a machine). Moreover, metaphors are present not only in everyday language, but also in scientific language, as they ease the expression of abstract concepts. We conclude that metaphor is a mechanism of human cognition and not just a device of the poetic or rhetorical discourse. * Valy CEIA Universitatea de Vest din Timișoara Reveriile unui voiajor imaginar Cît de frumoasă e o călătorie? Cit de pitorești sint locurile străbătute? Atîta cit ne îngăduie să vedem ochiul interior, fiindcă adevăratele călătorii se desăvîrșesc întotdeauna înlăuntrul nostru. Dar pînă să ajungem pe acest liman adîne, să ne luăm scriitorii drept ghizi într-un voiaj italian. In cronica sa De neamul moldovenilor, din ce țară au ieșit strămoșii lor, Miron Costin realizează o descriere a Italiei care ne aruncă brusc într-un ținut ideal; tărîmul Italiei se dezvăluie ochilor noștri de o tulburătoare frumusețe și armonie, de o uimitoare abundență. Evident, tabloul surprinde prin dimensiunea sa idilică, mai mult, prin crearea unui spațiu aflat în proximitatea lumii basmului. Descumpăniți, poate, să nu ne grăbim însă cu catalogările și, pentru o dreaptă cumpănire, să procedăm, fie și alert, la o incursiune diacronică. Astfel, pentru lectorul literaturii latine, imaginea evocă viguros elogiul pe care Vergilius îl realizează în cartea a II-a a Georgicelor, unde excursul poemului didactic, înscris perfect în economia textului, nu face decît să potențeze elemente ideatice de forță ale operei. Ca atare, în loc să amendăm gîndirea prea exaltat idealistă a cronicarului, vom recunoaște într-o atare
structură retorică o delicată, generoasă formă de elogiere a unui ilustru predecesor literar, citatul omagial. Iar dacă Miron Costin, vedem, a avut drept model excursul vergilian, poetul mantuan a descoperit, la rîndu-i, în opera antecesorului său Varro, De re rustica (I, 2), apărută cu trei-patru ani înaintea Georgicelor, elementele dinamice prin care să nemurească Italia. Așa cum literatura critică a evidențiat deja, acolo descoperim antiteza dintre
520 Italia și alte țări glorificate pentru rodnicia lor, Varro fiind modelul pentru poetul mantuan, într-un mod pe care „cărunta vechie cinstită” îl socotea nu doar firesc, ci și obligatoriu. Vizînd cu intensitate trezirea conștiințelor amorțite, toposul Italiei ca patrie ideală revine, însă, și la poeții congeneri Propertius și Tibullus, statornicindu-se astfel în devenirea literaturii latine. Prin urmare, ceu cursores, Varro, Vergilius, Propertius, Tibullus, Grattius, Plinius Secundus, Rutilius Namantianus - ca să invoc aici doar cîteva nume ֊ preiau, nuanțează, personalizează laus Italiae. în felul acesta se configurează, în lumea realității textului, ceea ce, în interpretarea sa la excursul vergilian, Christine Perkeli denumește „adevărul poeților”. Avînd drept punctum a quo exuberanta descriere a Italiei pe care o descoperim în cronica lui Miron Costin, în structuri retorice și cu un arsenal imaginativ comparabil cu cele ale vîrstei de aur a omenirii, reflectată în literatura greco-latină, lucrarea mea urmărește pe de o parte toposul elogierii Italiei la autorii latini, iar pe de alta, evidențiază un element comun al marii literaturi, intertextualitatea ca formă intrinsecă de existență. Fixat în elementele sale de rezistență de către Vergilius, motivele elogiului s-au impus posterității literare. Au fost însă modificate, amplificate, adaptate, devenind pe rînd un manifest al iubirii de patrie, cînd discret, cînd pătimaș. Mai mult, un simplu cadru literar prilejuiește propriul nostru excurs într-un univers literar și cultural plurivalent. Modalitățile în care se
configurează, se propagă, se metamorfozează, se redimensionează sínt tot atîtea căi de reflecție asupra instanțelor literare și, deopotrivă, existențiale. Iată de ce o călătorie în ținutul italic nu se oprește nici la acțiunea de facto, nici, măcar, la lectura bibliografiei științifice ori literare. Italia illustrata a lui Flavio Biondo, Italienische Reise a lui Goethe, La Italia a lui Gheorghe Asachi, A Letter from Italy a lui Joseph Addison, ce probează interesul admirativ stîrnit mereu de către Saturnia tellus, vin să întărească pe rînd acest adevăr. * Vichi Eugenia CIOCANI Université „Babeș-Bolyai”, de Cluj-Napoca Parthenia et mariage dans les romans de Chariton d’Aphrodise et Xénophon d’Éphèse Chariton et Xénophon sont deux des premiers romanciers grecs anciens, moins complexes et sophistiqués que les écrivains tardifs comme Longus ou Heliodorus. Néanmoins, leur engagement en ce qui concerne le thème central du genre, c’est-à-dire la préservation de la parthénia de l’héroïne, contre toute attente, est original et inconcevable. Cet article se penchera sur les rapports entre la parthénia et le mariage dans les deux romans, ainsi que sur les liens entre le thème de la fausse mort et l’association traditionnelle rituelle du mariage avec la mort de la mariée. Enfin, les actions qui menacent la parthénie de l’héroïne seront mises en contraste avec la perte imminente du statut social par l’esclavage, une expérience commune pendant les voyages des anciens Grecs et Romains. * Alexandra CIOCÂRLIE Institutul de Istorie și Teorie Literară „George Călinescu” Ovidius, personaj de
roman în romanul Dumnezeu s-a născut în exil, Vintila Horia imaginează modificarea percepției lui Ovidiu asupra Tomisului, văzut inițial ca ținut al pedepsei, ulterior - ca spațiu al revelațiilor esențiale. în cele din urmă, locul ostil al condamnării lui Ovidiu s-a transformat în loc al dobîndirii cunoașterii de sine și al descifrării sensurilor lumii. Pentru poetul antic, Roma era centrul lumii,
521 / Sów«։ ! singurul loc în care existența lui avea sens, pentru personajul imaginat de scriitorul român exilat la rîndul lui, Tomisul aflat la periferia imperiului devine centrul propriului univers. * Victor COJOCARU Iași Institute of Archaeology The language of the Greek inscriptions from the cities of the Northern Black Sea Coast of the 6th century BC to the 3rd century AD. I. Vocabulary The Lexicon will draw a picture of the less common names and verbal forms. The study is mainly based on the vocabulary characteristic of North-Pontic epigraphy (including words with hapax status), but also some specific occurrences in other regions that are unique references for the area between the Lower Danube and the Caucasus. Special attention is given to personal names, so that the Lexicon makes a significant contribution to the treasury of Greek and intercultural anthroponomy in the Black-Sea area. In the case of the catalogued words, the author focuses on the etymology, the morphological structure, the frequency of the attestations and some potential meaning that might be deduced from the specific context of its attestation. * Alexandra CORNILESCU University of Bucharest External possessors, weak definites and direct object interpretations The goal of the present paper is to prove that definite DPs which occur in external possessor constructions functioning as possessed objects are weak definites, as first defined in Carlson (2003). Romanian shows a wide range of external possessor constructions and all of them behave uniformly with respect to this interpretative property. All
of them pass the tests that identify weak definite, as recently summed up in Aguilar (2014). On the other hand, syntactically external possessor constructions are non-uniform falling into two classes, depending on whether they express only inalinable possession, or can express both alienable and inalienable possession. The discussion of weak definites also leads to another semantically interesting result, namely, even with extensional verbs, a definite Direct Object (i.e. a definite description) is not necessarily referential. When the Direct Object is a weak definite, a property reading of the object is obligatory. In such cases, the V+DO combination yields a complex (often idiomatic) predicate. * Anca COSĂCEANU University of Bucharest Crisis as disease: conceptual metaphors in the Romanian Press This paper is part of a larger study dealing with the linguistic representation in media discourse of two major crisis of the last decade: the economic crisis (2008-2012) and the current Ukrainian political crisis. Our aim here is to offer an analysis of some recurrent conceptual metaphors employed in the Romanian press to refer to these crisis: the “disease metaphors”. We begin by presenting the main concepts of the cognitive theory of metaphor, such as metaphorical mapping, target domain, source domain, idealized cognitive model, image schema. In our view, the idealized cognitive models and the image schemas are the basis for metaphorical mapping, as they represent basically stereotypical aspects of a source domain. “Crisis as Disease”
522 metaphors are activations of two idealized cognitive models, the SICKNESS model and the MEDICAL TREATMENT model, including elements as CLINICAL CONTEXT, TYPE OF ILLNESS, SYMPTOMS, SPREADING, DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATION. The disease metaphors which we are dealing with are activated by the conceptual metaphors THE ECONOMY IS A PATIENT and POLITICS IS A PATIENT. They are organismic metaphors, describing economic and political crisis in terms of personification. We present corpus data found in the Romanian newspapers Adevărul, Gîndul, Jurnalul Național, Evenimentul Zilei, Cronica Română. The corpus analysis allows us to notice similarities and differences in distribution patterns as well as in the lexicalization of the disease metaphors referring to the economic crisis /vs. / the political crisis. We explain both by identifying the sets of correspondences between the source domain of health and each of the two target domains: economy and politics. Another type of similarities, however, concerns the source domains that most of the conceptual metaphors in our corpus draw on: health (disease metaphors), nature (natural disaster metaphors) and weather (weather condition metaphors). These we try to explain by postulating two mental patterns that underlie the three source domains: CAUSE-EFFECT and BALANCE/UNB ALANCE. * Ioana COSTA Università di Bucarest Con о senza -a Alcuni pronomi e adverbi romeni sono talvolta raddoppiati, e.g.\ acest vs acesta (“questo”), nimeni vs nimenea (“nessuno”), aici/aci vs aicea/acia (“qui”). Questi sviluppi non hanno parallelo nelle lingue romanze
occidentali; si trovano tuttavia in lingue che condividono con la lingua romena un plausibile patrimonio pre-romano (e.g. istroromeno țel vs (eia, aromeno aței vs meglenoromeno (elea). * Lidia COTEA Université de Bucarest Les mythes de la francité revisités par des écrivains français contemporains Les éléments, nombreux et variés, qui constituent les assises de la notion complexe de francité sont l’effet d’une construction historique et nous parviennent par le prisme de certains textes qui devraient être (re)visités. S’il y a des historiens et des écrivains préoccupés surtout par la construction des mythes de la francité (Jules Michelet, Ernest Renan, Paul Valéry, Lucien Febvre, François Crouzet, Jean Schlumberger, Roger Martin du Gard ne sont que quelques noms d’une longue liste), il y a également d’autres qui vont plutôt en sens inverse, voulant déconstruire ce mythe, le cas de Pierre Daninos comptant parmi les meilleurs exemples. Andrei՜ Makine, écrivain d’origine russe, naturalisé Français, fait figure à part et se distingue par une manière très lucide d’envisager la francité, qui n’exclut pas pour autant l’émotion et un immense amour, cette attitude lui permettant de parler de « la France éternelle » autrement que dans les termes d’une hyperbole nationaliste. *
523 Gabriela CREȚIA Universitatea din București Се-ar fi să îl mai citim pe Eminescu? în ciuda unei exegeze serioase și ample, somptuosul poem eminescian Strigoii își păstrează misterul. Cu toată modestia nespecialistului, încercăm și noi să deslușim cîteva dintre arcanele lui. * Anca CRIVĂȚ University of Bucharest “Franks have only one eye.” This research focuses on the significance of linguistic and religious informations that are offered by medieval travel books, in order to examine the perception of alterity in the context of the didactic discourse. * Alexandra CUNIȚĂ Université de Bucarest La dimension sémantique de l’énoncé proverbial L’intérêt accru pour le fonctionnement de certaines catégories d’unités de la langue dans le discours a poussé ces derniers temps de nombreux linguistes français réputés à marquer un retour vers une forme particulière de « discours clos et autonome », vers un type de « texte minimal » quelque peu délaissé : le proverbe. Depuis une trentaine d’années, plusieurs directions se font concurrence dans les recherches consacrées aux énoncés parémiques, mais la direction dont on reprend ici les principes et la méthodologie de travail est la « théorie des formes sémantiques », dans la version que développe actuellement Gréa (2017). Guidée par l’idée que ce qui fait de certaines phrases génériques des proverbes c’est, avant tout, leur « transposabilité », leur aptitude à sortir de leur domaine source pour s’appliquer à des domaines cibles, plus ou moins variés, nous nous attachons à vérifier que la « molécule sémique » qu’ils lexicalisent se
caractérise réellement par une cohérence extrêmement forte, autrement dit, que chacun des exemples analysés est le résultat de la lexicalisation d’une « forme sémantique forte ». * Dana DINU University of Craiova Varro about the word-formation in Latin The intention of this article is to present Varro’s thinking on word formation in Latin and to highlight his important contribution to the study of Latin from lexicological and morphological perspective. Varro’s theory can only be partially reconstituted, by assembling the ideas contained in several passages dispersed throughout the treatise De lingua Latina, in its incomplete form as we have today. Despite this, in the last few decades, a deeper and more thorough reading of the Varronian text by certain scholars revealed his profound linguistic thinking, autonomous and original in many respects. In the field of lexical creation, remarkable is the idea that declinatio is a linguistic phenomenon useful and necessary in all languages, which is tantamount to formulating a linguistic universal. *
524 Tudor DINU University of Bucharest The Slavonic Language School in the Old Church of Saint George in Bucharest during the Phanariot Period (1716-1821) Destroyed in the Great Fire of 1847, the Slavonic language school from the church of Saint George the Old in Bucharest is known through only the scarce documentary information we have tried to collect in our present paper. First of all, we have gathered the data regarding the spaces for teaching and accommodating both teachers and pupils. Second, we have shown interest in the status of the educators (the wages they were receiving, the fiscal exemptions they were enjoying, the other activities they were undertaking in order to increase their earnings, the plots they were hatching for getting appointed and then keeping their position). Lastly, we have aimed to ascertain the origin of the pupils and the subjects they were taught (Slavonic grammar, elements of liturgical practice, of arithmetic, history and geography), following the gradual process of replacing Slavonic by Romanian as a teaching language. * Doina DOROFTEI FILIMON Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan - Al. Rosetti” Locuri ovidiene Se examinează modul în care sínt înfățișate în creația ovidiană unele locuri semnificative (stînca, portul, ogorul, uscatul și marea) și procedeele prin care acestea devin simbolice. De asemenea, se reconstituie imaginea Romei și a Tomisului din perspectiva operelor exilului, urmărindu-se acele elemente descriptive caracteristice care devin treptat loci communes. * Elena ERMOLAEVA Saint Petersburg State University, The Helsinki
Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki Some notes on Homer in the Russian translations of Nikolay Gnedich and Vasiliy Zhukovsky The first translations of Homer into Russian appeared only in the mid 18lh century, rather late compared to translations into other European languages. It was, in fact, with the aspiration of restoring the Byzantine Empire that Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia (1762-1796), commissioned a translation of Homer into Russian. Although she had earlier mentioned a Russian translation of the Iliad in her correspondence with Voltaire, commissioned by Prince Grigory Potemkin (1739-1791) and fulfilled by an orthodox writer, Catherine was disappointed with this work. Thus, the fate of the very first prose translations of Homer was sealed. The poet Ermil Kostrov (1755-1796) would fulfil Catherine’s commission, composing his translation in alexandrine meter, a choice that Catherine the Great delighted in, as the resulting translation resembled French poetry. Unfortunately, Kostrov published only his translations to the first six books before his untimely death in 1796.
525 Mariana FRANGA “Spim Haret” University of Bucharest Liviu FRANGA University of Bucharest Neoteric atmosphere. The poetry of Licinius Calvus The literary and human profile of this poeta nouus, Licinius Calvus, appears much easier to reconstitute thanks to the variety of the existing collateral information. From a very young age Licinius Calvus is recognized as a master of pleading thanks to the brilliance of his demonstration and also through the persuasive capacity, based on the austere art of the word. Licinius Calvus practiced all the poetic genres approached by neoterics, continuing, as his entire poetic generation, the epigrammatic tradition of elegiac meters with an interesting theme, namely, a political one, continuing, therefore, the tradition of satirical epigrams. But Calvus also wrote funeral erotic poems dedicated to Quintilla, his wife prematurely disappeared, and texts belonging to another sphere of lyric, namely epithalamia. Last but not least, he wrote some lyrical poems in the strict sense of the term, composed in the specific metres of Greek origin lyricism. * Ioana-Ruxandra FRUNTELATĂ University of Bucharest “Little Lazarus”: The mythical memory of a Romanian folk custom The paper starts by noticing similar elements which can be identified in the content of the Romanian folk ritual text called “Lăzărel” (Little Lazarus) and in the sequence of Pentheus’ death as it appears in The Bacchae of Euripides. The question that I attempt to answer, by interrelating the folk ritual text and the mythical narrative and by taking into account the different contexts
in which they occur is the following: What could a folk custom tell us about a myth? “Lăzărel” folk ritual text is part of the custom with the same name, which is practised on the Eve of Palm Sunday, in the “Saturday of Lazarus”, by a group of girls formed around a so-called “Lăzăriță” (She-Little Lazarus) or “bride”. The group of girls goes from one village house to another and at each house, they perform a ritual dance and a song and are offered eggs, fruit and money in exchange. The oldest reference to “Lăzărel” custom dates back to the end of the nineteenth century, when it was mentioned in the area of Bucharest, in the south of Romania. Nevertheless, exegeses argue that the custom was spread in several areas and actually, it was performed all over the Balkan Peninsula also by Aromanians, Bulgarians and Greek people. Besides its name (“Lăzărel”, diminutive of Lazarus, reminiscent of Lazarus of Bethany, whom Jesus Christ raised from the dead), the Romanian folk custom has little to do with Christian tradition and is usually interpreted in literature as folklòric expression of a vegetational cult, most probably the cult of Dionysos. I examine the constituent parts of the ritual scheme and of the “Lăzărel” folk text in relation to various types of “divine deaths” in mythology: the death and resurrection of the Agrarian divinity, the “redeemed” death of divinities who come back to life for a period and then they return to the world of the dead, and the cosmogonic death of divinities who sacrifice their bodies in order to provide vital material for the making of the world. I
also analyse the cultural semantics of the three symbolic elements which are recurrent in different variants of the “Lăzărel” folk text: blood, milk and walnut tree leaf, producing the
526 hypotesis that the mythological background of the rite expresses the primitive idea of reiteration of cosmogonic sacrifice which confers immortality to the victim, consecrating him. “Lăzărel” is an unusual custom if we place it in the festive Easter folk calendar, because it implies a public appearance of the feminine group, performing a musical-poetic text and a choreographic sequence, therefore playing a ritual part which is rather an attribute of the masculine group, according to tradition. Nevertheless, it has been assimilated by Christian folk communities and it has been preserved in a privileged position because it embeds, especially in its associated folk text, the memory of a deeply rooted mythical nucleus, also displaying several interesting “secondary elaborations” developed along time. * Simona GEORGESCU University of Bucharest Patterns of semantic evolution of the proto-Indo-European roots with the original meaning ‘to swell’ We shall focus on the semantic patterns that define the evolution towards the Indo-European languages of the proto-Indo-European stems meaning ‘to swell’. We aim at showing that the cognitive schemes leading to semantic change are recurrent, not only in the analyzed evolutions, but in the case of many words meaning ‘to swell’, ‘swollen’, or ‘prominence’ in various languages. * Theodor GEORGESCU University of Bucharest Diodotos’ pieces of advice (Thucydides 3,42-9) In the summer of 427 BC, during the fifth year of the Peloponnesian War, the city of Mytilene, allied with Athena in the League of Delos, decides with the complicity and in
the interest of Sparta, to leave the alliance. From Athena, a trireme left for Mytilene with the task of severely punishing the rebellion. The next day, however, considering that they have taken excessive measures, they are discussing again the sanctions. Cleon speaks in favour of maintaining the punishment initially established, arguing that the decision is both straightforward and long-term advantageous. Against what had been established, the “moderate” Diodotus proposes to cancel the reprisals and puts the focus of Athena’s “interest” (ξυμφέρον) in the centre of his speech in front of the Athenian people. This controversy has remained in the history the “Mytilenian Debate”. Our article discusses the arguments of Diodotus. * Ana-Cristina HALICHIAS Université de Bucarest Bref aperçu des opuscules de Georg Šoferius De ducibus Valachiae et Moldavorum reguli L’article attire l’attention sur deux chroniques consacrées aux voivodes de Valachie (De ducibus Valachiae) et de Moldavie (Moldavorum reguli), dès la formation des deux principautés jusqu’au début du XVIIIe siècle. Rédigées par le croniqueur saxon Georg Šoferius (1673-1728), les deux opuscules ont plusieurs copies manuscrites, conservées dans des archives et bibliothèques
527 en Roumanie et en Hongrie. L’auteur de l’article décrit et compare ces copies et présente brièvement le contenu des deux chroniques. * Mihail-George HÂNCU L’Institut des Études Sud-Est Européennes de Bucarest “A rose by any other name”·. L’amour dans les cosmogonies présocratiques Un des plus grands dilemmes des cosmogonies présocratiques est celui de l’existence d’une terminologie spécialisée pour les éléments primordiaux. Ainsi, dans le cas du mot ”Ερως, le problème est compliqué par son statut double de concept et de divinité personnifiée. Comment est-ce que’on l’a associé avec la création de l’univers ? S’agit-il d’une divinité cosmogonique ou bien d’un processus d’abstraction à la fin duquel on retrouve les principes opposés d’Empédocle ? * Daniela IONESCU University of Bucharest Anti-proverbs and their discourse function in a public speech - a bi-lingual example - The aim of the present study is to identify those linguistic and (cross-cultural) sources of anti-proverb generation and production and the present frequency of this construction in Romanian political and social discourse, as a result of the recent transition period in this country. A preliminary approach to the construction is based on existing studies on anti-proverbs in English, especially as an authorial type of anti-proverb formation (cf W. Churchill’s writings). If we are to draw a cognitive, cultural comparison between the English anti-proverbs and the Romanian ones, an important distinction could be noticed quite readily: very few of the English (American) anti-proverbs are related to politics,
generally speaking, they relate to a variety of social aspects, social classes, commercial life, advertising techniques, etc. On the contrary, the few anti-proverbs that were signaled in Romanian are all connected either to political realities or to the innate socio-behavioural mentalities of the people. A cross-linguistic and cross-cultural analysis of the English and Romanian anti-proverbs will lay a different stress on their communicative force, in the new social-linguistic context. * Sorana-Cristina MAN The National Museum of the Romanian Peasant; Bucharest Several remarks on death in Greek tragedy and the philosophy of Martin Heidegger The article sets out to highlight the connections that can be made between the issue of death in Greek tragedy, especially in Aeschylus’ Prometheus Bound, and some of Martin Heidegger’s concepts. Just as the tragic heroes are responsible without being free, because they are subject to fate or to the forces within them and therefore responsible for what they do with what has been given to them, Heidegger’s Dasein has certain determination which he cannot free himself from Thrownness (“Geworfenheit”) and state-of-mind (“Befindlichkeit”) must be mentioned in the context of death in the tragedies since they express, on the one hand, constraint,
528 delimitation, and on the other hand, the freedom which this constraint opens to. In his treatise On Limit, Gabriel Liiceanu writes about a matrix of our borders and limitations, about our unchosen and immutable ‘given’. Moira and tyche in Greek, as well as fortuna and fatum in Latin have a partly similar, partly different meaning. Prometheus is the one who made mankind aware of death, who revealed to them that they were mortals without letting them know the moment when they would die. Thus, knowing that he will die, man lives in the horizon of his own death. It is what Heidegger calls Sein-zum-Tode, which means beiing-towards-death. * Ioana MUNTEANU University of Bucharest Diabolus Machinátor in Cantemir’s Divan The Devil’s apparition as an artful, deceitful, tempter warper in the third part of Cantemir’s Dialogue between the Wiseman and the World is, in itself, not at all surprising, as an entire Judeo-Christian tradition describes God’s enemy in these terms. Still, it is worth noticing and examining more closely the lexical-semantic structure which the wise prince is undertaking from the Unitarian theologian Wissowatius, in order to transfer it into Romanian. The 56th paragraph, which is most enjoyable first of all because of the Christian Devil’s association with some deities of the Greek-Roman mythology, is dominated by the vocabulary and the topic of the versatile and polymorphic astuteness perfectly depicted by the Ancient Greek term μήτις. It is the brightness which is able to reveal itself not only as trickery, but also as resourcefulness and creative power,
thus being obvious why this is also a fundamental Zeus’ attribute, as he is the master of the world, and defines the gods who have the gift of foreseeing the future and also the divinities endowed with a demiurgic vocation as well. Thereby a significant part of the platonic vision of the rationality of Creation is put into crisis. Hence, we intend to bring into light the consistency - in respect of both idea and expression - of the interpretation in malam partem of the semantic field of astuteness in the paragraph 56. of the Dialogue between the Wiseman and the World, by analysing the relations between the Cantemir’s translation, the Latin original text of Wissowatius and the Greek version ascribed to Jeremiah Cacavelas. Keywords: demiurgic Creation, vocabulary of the versatile astuteness (μήτις), Greek-Roman mythology, Christian demonology, humanist sources of Cantemir’s work (transi, by Doina Doroftei Filimon) * Fiorentina NICOLAE “Ovidius” University of Constanța “G. Călinescu” Institute of Literary History and Theory at The Romanian Academy Lights and shadows: the portrait of King Minos in Ovid’s poetry In this paper we aim to operate a synthesis of the portrait medals that Ovidius wrote on King Minos, the legendary king of Crete and one of the judges in the Inferno. Minos passes through the entire Ovid’s work, from debut, to the last of his creations. Ovidius supports the poetic ftmction of the artistic message, using various important moments in the life of this mythological character.
529 Simona NICOLAE Universitatea din București Institutul de Studii Sud-Est Europene al Academiei Române Cîte ceva despre libertate. De la Homer la Platon La cumpăna lumilor, între păgînism și creștinism, pare să se nască libertatea în om, cel puțin din punct de vedere conceptual. Grecitatea însă a exersat în agora libertatea, cu mult înainte ca aceasta să ne locuiască, și a făcut din ea un termen cheie al paradigmei sale civilizatorii. De la începutul homeric și pînă astăzi. Ea definește marea și cerul, insulele și cetățile, limba și muzica, religia păgînă ca și pe cea creștină, oamenii, zeii și pe Dumnezeul acestora (așa cum, plin de semnificație folosește greaca, cel mai adesea, cuvîntul, articulat). Paginile de față au rostul de a marca niște repere, puține, în trecerea libertății din faptă, în cuvînt și în gînd. * Cătălina POPESCU University of Texas at Austin The mysterious Anna Perenna: A perpetual Nymph and a constant Nymphe My paper will discuss the problematic aspect of perpetuity and change in the condition of nubile Anna Perenna. In Ovid’s Fasti the heroine constantly oscillates between the three conditions of a woman: throughout her legend she displays characteristic of a maiden, a fertile mother (3.6.660 teque Iovi primos, Anna, dedisse cibos) and the elderly woman helping the plebeians (3.6.667-9) and tricking Mars (3.6.676-96). She simultaneously embraces all these roles, yet the one that oscillates the most between change and permanence is that of a bride. Tragic marriages run in the family: Dido’s dying bed corresponds with Nicole Loraux’s idea (1991,
31-2) of a link between marriage and death. Dido consummates not only her carnal relationship with Aeneas, but also a symbolic marriage to him, when committing suicide in her bedchamber. Her body, tormented by the pangs of love (Aen. 4.1-2 regina. vulnus alit), is also finally pierced by the sword of Aeneas, in what becomes her ultimate consummation of her funereal wedlock to him (Fas. 3.6.549: praebuit Aeneas et causam mortis et ensem). On the bed which is also her pyre, Dido goes out in smoke, yet she regains a restless and wounded corporeality in the Underworld (3.6.619-20 aspexi non ilio corpore digna / volnera Tartareas ausus adire domos). By consummation of this marriage/death Dido becomes a soul of no land, a vagrant shade in the realm of the lost. A different fate awaits Anna who appears constantly on the verge of transit from maidenhood to womanhood. Yet, she begins not as the real nupta, but as a substitute for a bride. She is pursued by larbas’ Numidians for the sexual refusal of Dido (Fas.3.6.553-5: ‘thalamis tamen ’ inquit ‘Elissae en ego, quern totiens reppulit ilia, fruor ’) and she is later chased (recincta in a titillating attire! 3.6.645) by Lavinia’s men who wrongly believed her to be a paramour of Aeneas and a threat to the conjugal bed (3.6.633-48). In this pursuit Anna dies, supposedly drowned in the waters of the river, but her submersion is cleverly re-interpreted as an abduction by the Numicius’ cupidae undae (3.6.647-8): in this ambiguous marriage she both embraces and avoids death. She never descends into the realm of Hades, but fused with the
waters of her captor, she becomes a river nymph, caught in the middle of a perpetual nuptial act: 3.6.653 placidi sum nympha Numici. Much like her liquid body, Anna cannot be fully “contained” into one status, yet (unlike the vagrant shade of Dido, after her unequivocal “consummation”) she is forever “settled” in her new land of worship.
530 Later on, Anna becomes again a surrogate bride in a farce played against Mars who attempts to persuade Athena to yield to his advances. In the moment of intimacy, Anna reveals herself form the veil, interrupting this way the nuptials (3.6.691) and remaining once more the perpetual virgo/nupta, frozen in a state of virginity on the verge of womanhood. A disembodied watery creature she will forever be not only a nymph, but also a nymphe. * Ana-Maria RĂDUCAN Research Associate CEREFREA, University of Bucharest Institute for Advanced Studies in Levant Culture and Civilization When God is playing hide-and-seek The play of hide-an-seek is a paradigmatic representation of Symeon the New Theologian’s mystical experience, following the allegory from the Song of Song. The mystical experience is often described as a play between two lovers seeking each other, in an apparent discontinuity and lack of synchronicity. The scenario of the hide-an-seek play is repeating over and over from the mystic’s perspective, God is the One who is playing hide-an-seek, like a lover, the Light is the one appearing and disappearing, God is the One who is playing. From a divine perspective, the playing roles are changing: the human being is the one who is hiding in the abyss of the visible world, as being incapable of seeing the Divinity, who is everywhere around him. This leitmotif of the two separated lovers who are seeking each other, losing one another and once again reunited, after great turmoil, seems to have been popular to an audience who is piously frequenting the monasteries, but also living
with passion a worldly life. * Margareta SFIRSCHI-LÄUDAT University of Bucharest The formulaic syntax of the adnominal infinitive in Homer The adnominal function of the infinitive, as a complement to nouns, adjectives or pronouns, represents an archaic use, probably of Indo-European date. From the total of about 3770 Homeric infinitives registered by us, the dependent infinitive records 3536 occurrences, of which 2987 are used with verbs, compared to only 429 adnominal infinitives, distributed as follows: 23lx + adjectives, 181x + nouns, 17x + pronouns. The number of its occurrences is slightly increasing in the Odyssey (204x along with 197x in the Iliad), while in the Hymns, this infinitive syntax is very limited (only 28x infinitives). The morpho-syntactic structures of the Homeric adnominal infinitive are similar with those of the infinitive depending on verbs: statistically, the simple infinitive (18lx) and the dative with infinitive (136x) are still the most frequent here also, although the use of the accusative and infinitive construction seems to increase (112x). The most important syntactic function expressed by the adnominal infinitive is that of subject of a noun (139x + 21 nouns) or adjective (179x + 41 adjectives), mainly without copulative verb, in a nominal sentence (209x). Also, the infinitive may explain (30x + 13 nouns) or limit the determined noun (12x + 2 nouns) or adjective (5lx + 32 adjectives), playing the role of an apposition (limiting and explanatory, epexegetical infinitive). The fourth use with pronouns, not very developed yet in the Homeric
language, is the infinitive of result (17 occurrences with 9 pronouns). Usually, the nouns and adjectives determined by this type of infinitive belong to the same semantic fields of modality, necessity, fate, destiny, or they are related etymologically and are often employed in formulae or formulaic expressions together with their infinitive complements. These patterns are very flexible
531 and present significant variations and even combinations between them, marking the formularity of the traditional diction. * Andreea ȘTEFAN Le Musée National d’Histoire de Roumanie L’auteur dans les Entretiens : de la philosophie d’Épictète à l’édition d’Arrien La renommée d’Epictète, liée aujourd’hui notamment à ses écrits, était, de son vivant, fondée sur son franc-parler. Il y a donc dans la perception moderne d’Epictète un paradoxe qui fait d’un philosophe qui n’écrivait pas l’auteur d’au moins deux ouvrages : les Entretiens et le Manuel. Ainsi son nom se trouve sur la couverture des éditions des deux livres adressés au grand public, tandis que les éditions critiques et surtout les catalogues des bibliothèques peuvent enregistrer aussi, dans le titre ou dans le champ de l’auteur, le nom d’Arrien. La lettre-préface d’Arrien qui ouvre les Entretiens est à l’origine de cette ambiguïté. En effet, là, Arrien affirme que c’était lui qui avait écrit, fidèlement, les mots de son mentor. Par la suite, la critique moderne s’efforce d’établir quelle est la contribution d’Arrien dans la rédaction des Entretiens. Dans cet article je propose une approche du problème dans la perspective de la construction de l’autorité dans les Entretiens. J’examine les passages qui traitent de la nature de la philosophie et de l’autorité qui revient au philosophe, pour me pencher, à la fin, sur la lettre d’Arrien. * Elena Emilia ȘTEFAN Research Associate CEREFREA, University of Bucharest The religious significance of reconstruction after earthquakes in the Roman Empire In this paper I focus on
the religious connotations of the practices put in place in the aftermath of an earthquake in the Roman Empire. As earthquakes were generally interpreted by the Romans as prodigies, i.e. signs sent by the gods in order to express their disapproval of some of the human actions, it is argued here that the process of rebuilding the devastated territory was both a set of measures taken for practical reasons and a set of religious acts designed to restore the broken pact between humans and deities. * Alexandra TRACHSEL Université de Hambourg L’homonymie d’Ephyra et l’épineuse question des sources du livre 8 de Strabon La contribution illustrera un champ privilégié de Mme Bechet, la topographie mythologique. Nous partirons d’une difficulté d’homonymie qui prend son origine dans les poèmes homériques. Le toponyme d’Ephyra est utilisé à plusieurs reprises {II. 2, 659; II. 6, 152; II. 6, 210; II. 13, 301; II. 15, 531 et Od. 1, 259 et Od. 2, 328), mais ne désigne pas toujours la même localité. La difficulté a été perçue dès l’Antiquité et elle fut débattue avec ardeur par des érudits de tout horizon. Nous avons conservé quelques éléments relatifs au débat mené, ce qui nous permettra d’exposer les enjeux et les solutions proposées. Notre discussion partira des textes homériques et donnera une analyse détaillée des passages impliqués. Puis, nous passerons aux nombreux acteurs
532 qui ont pris part au débat. Nous montrerons d’abord quelles sont les sources à notre disposition (Strabon, Etienne de Byzance et le vaste corpus des scholies). Ces textes nous permettent, encore aujourd’hui, de suivre le débat, même si ce n’est que de manière très lacunaire, et de voir comment les anciens cherchaient à retrouver les scènes des épisodes homériques dans le paysage réel. Toutefois, ces ouvrages influencent également notre accès au débat, notamment par le choix que leurs auteurs ont fait en sélectionnant, dans la documentation qui était à leur disposition, les informations qui leur paraissaient pertinentes. Ensuite, nous passerons à l’analyse des solutions proposées, ce qui nous permettra également de brosser un tableau des érudits (commentateurs homériques, experts locaux, géographes ou poètes) qui ont animé la controverse, tout en essayant, chacun à sa manière, de la résoudre. Nous chercherons avant tout à montrer la richesse du débat et les diversités des solutions apportées, sans en privilégier l’une d’entre elles et sans vouloir chercher à donner une solution nous-mêmes. C’est le point de vue des anciens qui sera au cœur de notre approche. * Catalina VĂTĂȘESCU Institutul de Studii Sud-Est Europene al Academiei Române Jurămîntul în societatea tradițională albaneză. Terminologie și comparație cu româna. Observații preliminare Jurămîntul este un domeniu al cărui lexic oferă date interesante de istorie culturală. In albaneză, vocabularul jurămîntului este format din elemente autohtone și împrumuturi vechi din latină, care au corespondente în română.
Studiul situațiilor extralingvistice în care are loc jurămîntul oferă de asemenea material interesant pentru comparația cu româna. Surse importante de material sínt codul de legi nescrise pentru albaneză și textele pravilelor din secolul al XVI-lea pentru română. * Horatio Caesar Roger VELLA University of Malta Christianity in Homer and Vergil’s Aeneid Both Homer and Vergil show, as Christian doctrine does, what big difference exists between the good and the evil, and the reward and punishment that await those who commit them. Justice and hospitality, important Christian values, are prominent in Homer, destiny and an organized empire, symbols of the Kingdom of God, in Vergil. In the two poets, the notion of the afterlife is developed from a gloomy situation to a place of purification before a second birth. Indeed, for Vergil and for the Christians, such a revelation can serve Man to improve on his own behavior while still on Earth and understanding of the purpose of life. Finally, both Homer and Vergil unconsciously were preparing for the era of the Messiah and his Kingdom, where everybody is considered important, including beggars and wanderers, where cooperation and organization under a central administration guarantees to a brotherhood of Man peace to all men of good will. |
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| author2 | Munteanu, Ioana ca. 20./21. Jh Nicolae, Simona |
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| author_GND | (DE-588)1241216827 (DE-588)126769355X |
| author_facet | Munteanu, Ioana ca. 20./21. Jh Nicolae, Simona |
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| bvnumber | BV048462587 |
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| genre | (DE-588)4016928-5 Festschrift 2021 gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Festschrift 2021 |
| id | DE-604.BV048462587 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T20:34:05Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:38:49Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9786061612727 |
| language | Romanian English French Spanish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033840561 |
| oclc_num | 1344236044 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 532 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220915 gbd_1 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Editura Universităţii din Bucureşti |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Miscellanea philologica graeca et latina in honorem Floricae Bechet, magno cum gaudio gratiaque Institutul de Studii Clasice ; coordonare volum Ioana Munteanu, Simona Nicolae Bucureşti Editura Universităţii din Bucureşti 2021 532 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Beiträge überwiegend rumänisch, teilweise englisch, teilweise französisch, teilweise spanisch. - Zusammenfassungen der einzelnen Beiträge teilweise in englischer, teilweise in französischer, teilweise in rumänischer Sprache Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Klassische Philologie (DE-588)4164044-5 gnd rswk-swf Literatur (DE-588)4035964-5 gnd rswk-swf Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd rswk-swf Antike (DE-588)4068754-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4016928-5 Festschrift 2021 gnd-content Antike (DE-588)4068754-5 s Klassische Philologie (DE-588)4164044-5 s Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 s Literatur (DE-588)4035964-5 s Geschichte z DE-604 Munteanu, Ioana ca. 20./21. Jh. (DE-588)1241216827 edt Nicolae, Simona edt Bechet, Florica 1952- Sonstige (DE-588)126769355X oth Institutul de Studii Clasice Sonstige oth Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033840561&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033840561&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Miscellanea philologica graeca et latina in honorem Floricae Bechet, magno cum gaudio gratiaque Klassische Philologie (DE-588)4164044-5 gnd Literatur (DE-588)4035964-5 gnd Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd Antike (DE-588)4068754-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4164044-5 (DE-588)4035964-5 (DE-588)4125698-0 (DE-588)4068754-5 (DE-588)4016928-5 |
| title | Miscellanea philologica graeca et latina in honorem Floricae Bechet, magno cum gaudio gratiaque |
| title_auth | Miscellanea philologica graeca et latina in honorem Floricae Bechet, magno cum gaudio gratiaque |
| title_exact_search | Miscellanea philologica graeca et latina in honorem Floricae Bechet, magno cum gaudio gratiaque |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Miscellanea philologica graeca et latina in honorem Floricae Bechet, magno cum gaudio gratiaque |
| title_full | Miscellanea philologica graeca et latina in honorem Floricae Bechet, magno cum gaudio gratiaque Institutul de Studii Clasice ; coordonare volum Ioana Munteanu, Simona Nicolae |
| title_fullStr | Miscellanea philologica graeca et latina in honorem Floricae Bechet, magno cum gaudio gratiaque Institutul de Studii Clasice ; coordonare volum Ioana Munteanu, Simona Nicolae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Miscellanea philologica graeca et latina in honorem Floricae Bechet, magno cum gaudio gratiaque Institutul de Studii Clasice ; coordonare volum Ioana Munteanu, Simona Nicolae |
| title_short | Miscellanea philologica graeca et latina |
| title_sort | miscellanea philologica graeca et latina in honorem floricae bechet magno cum gaudio gratiaque |
| title_sub | in honorem Floricae Bechet, magno cum gaudio gratiaque |
| topic | Klassische Philologie (DE-588)4164044-5 gnd Literatur (DE-588)4035964-5 gnd Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd Antike (DE-588)4068754-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Klassische Philologie Literatur Kultur Antike Festschrift 2021 |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033840561&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033840561&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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