Skill formation in Central and Eastern Europe: a search for patterns and directions of development
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Berlin ; Bern ; Bruxelles
Peter Lang
[2022]
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Neue Denkansätze in den Bildungs- und Sozialwissenschaften
Band 40 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext https://www.peterlang.com/document/1263926 Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | 522 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9783631810927 363181092X |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Skill formation in Central and Eastern Europe |b a search for patterns and directions of development |c Vidmantas Tūtlys, Jörg Markowitsch, Jonathan Winterton, Samo Pavlin (editors) |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin ; Bern ; Bruxelles |b Peter Lang |c [2022] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c © 2022 | |
| 300 | |a 522 Seiten |b Diagramme | ||
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| 651 | 7 | |a Osteuropa |0 (DE-588)4075739-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 653 | |a skill | ||
| 653 | |a formation | ||
| 653 | |a central | ||
| 653 | |a eastern | ||
| 653 | |a europe | ||
| 653 | |a patterns | ||
| 653 | |a directions | ||
| 653 | |a development | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Winterton, Jonathan |d 1951- |0 (DE-588)170650278 |4 edt | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Pavlin, Samo |4 edt | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
LIST
OF
FIGURES
9
LIST
OF
TABLES
...............................................................................................
11
PREFACE
13
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
.................................................................................
19
ABBREVIATIONS
............................................................................................
21
VIDMANTAS
TMYS
F
JONATHAN
WINTERTON,
JORG
MARKOWITSCH
AND
SAMO
PAVLIN
1.
SKILL
FORMATION
IN
THE
POST-COMMUNIST
CEE
COUNTRIES
..............................
27
VIDMANTAS
TUTLYS,
GENUTE
GEDVILIENE,
LINA
KAMINSKIENE
AND
EGLE
STASIUNAITIENE
2.
LITHUANIA:
BETWEEN
NEOLIBERALISM
AND
STATISM
............................................
65
ILZE
BULIGINA,
BIRUTA
SLOKA
3.
LATVIA:
TOWARDS
SYSTEMIC
APPROACH
TO
SKILL
FORMATION
................................
95
KRISTA
LOOGMA
4.
ESTONIA:
EXPANDING
THE
INSTITUTIONAL
LANDSCAPE
.........................................
121
HORACY
DUBOWSKI
AND
WOJCIECH
ST^CHTY
5.
POLAND:
STRIVING
FOR
BETTER
GOVERNANCE
AND
INTEGRATION
............................
139
DOMINIK
DVORAK
AND
PETR
GAL
6.
CZECH
REPUBLIC:
NATIONAL
AND
LOCAL
PERSPECTIVES
.......................................
165
JURAJ
VANTUCH
AND
DAGMAR
JELINKOVA
7.
SLOVAKIA:
SKILL
FORMATION
AT
THE
CROSSROADS
.................................................
193
ANDREA
LACZIK
AND
EVA
FARKAS
8.
HUNGARY:
LIBERAL
AND
DEVELOPMENTAL
CHOICES
221
SAMO
PAVLIN,
KLARA
SKUBIC
ERMENC
AND
BRANKO
BEMBIC
9.
SLOVENIA:
SEGMENTATION
AND
SECTORAL
DISPARITIES
......................................
243
TEO
MATKOVIC
AND
NIKOLA
BUKOVIC
10.
CROATIA:
IMPACT
OF
EUROPEANIZATION
ON
SKILL
FORMATION
..........................
265
RALITSA
SIMEONOVA-GANEVA,
KALOYAN
GANEV
AND
RADOSTINA
ANGELOVA
11.
BULGARIA:
SKILL
IMBALANCES
AND
POLICY
RESPONSES
......................................
291
ZOICA
ELENA
VLADUT
12.
ROMANIA:
BETWEEN
STATIST
AND
COLLECTIVE
APPROACHES
..............................
315
SERGII
MELNYK
13.
UKRAINE:
LATE
AND
ITERATIVE
INSTITUTIONALIZATION
........................................
341
EMMA
WALLIS
AND
JONATHAN
WINTERTON
14.
SOCIAL
DIALOGUE
AND
SKILL
FORMATION
SYSTEMS
IN
THE
CEE
.......................
369
JORG
MARKOWITSCH
AND
HORACY
DUBOWSKI
15.
EDUCATION
SYSTEMS
AND
QUALIFICATIONS
FRAMEWORKS
.................................
395
SANDRA
BOHLINGER
AND
VIDMANTAS
TUTLYS
16.
EU
IMPLICATIONS
FOR
SKILL
FORMATION
IN
THE
CEE
......................................
425
JONATHAN
WINTERTON
17.
LIBERAL
MARKET
INFLUENCES
ON
CEE
.............................................................
451
ANDREAS
SANITER
AND
CHRISTIANE
EBERHARDT
18.
SKILL
FORMATION:
POLICY
LEARNING
FROM
GERMANY?
....................................
477
NOTES
ON
CONTRIBUTORS
505
INDEX
511
Index ‘brain drain 82, 127, 384,466 catching-up’ strategies 451 ‘Matthias effect’ 464 Agency for Science and Higher Education (ASHE) 272 apprenticeship 33,41,46, 50, 75, 84, 86-87, 96,102,107,145,166-68, 170,172,176-78,198, 203, 20809, 214, 232-33, 241, 250-52, 256, 265-66, 277-81, 317, 321, 378, 405,407-08,436,438-39,441, 443,452,462,466,474,477-81, 484,489-91,493,495,497-98 Armenia 486 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 21,134 Austria 19, 33, 50, 63, 73,167,18889, 275, 278, 287, 371, 507 Authority of Qualifications in Higher Education and Partnership with the Economic and Social Environment (Romania) (AQHEPESE) 21 Azerbaijan 486 Bachelor Degree 21,327 Belarus 29, 84, 465, 486 Betriebsberufschulen (DE)/ Company vocational schools 21 Bulgaria 10,14, 31, 36,40,44-46, 48, 62, 91,191, 291-96, 298, 30007, 310-13, 374, 377, 384-87, 389, 406-07,409,415, 442,446,45960,465,483,486,492, 505-06, 508 Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (BIBB)/Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training 21 Capitalism - Diversity of Capitalism (DoC) 459 Capitalism 43, 57, 87, 91,115,163, 193-94, 201, 261, 386 - Diversity of Capitalism (DoC) 22 - Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) 13, 17, 27, 33, 58, 262,459 Capitalism 459 Capitalism 469 Capitalism 470 Capitalism - Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) 470 Capitalism - Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) 471 Capitalism - Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) 472 Capitalism - Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) 472 Capitalism 472 Capitalism - Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) 473 Capitalism - Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) 473 Capitalism - Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) 473 Capitalism -
Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) 474 Capitalism 474 Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) 13, 21, 27-28, 57-60, 62, 92,159,163, 165, 190, 263-64, 288,311,339, 341,369, 371, 387-91, 395,402-03, 411,420-23, 425,434,447,451,471-75, 499֊ 503, 506 Centre Republike Slovenije za poklicno izobraževanje (CPI) /
512 The Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for Vocational Education and Training 21 Classification of European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations (ESCO) 22 collective bargaining 28, 36,276, 331-32, 339, 369-71, 373-78, 380-81, 386-87, 389-92,433 competence 15, 17, 39, 49, 51-53, 59, 66, 69, 74, 79, 87, 89, 91, 95-96, 98, 105, 108, 110, 115-16, 129, 133, 155,202,226, 238, 248,250, 264, 282,319, 333, 342, 344-45, 349, 352, 354-55, 376, 407, 435-36, 438, 440-41, 443, 452-53, 455, 457-59, 461, 463-64, 466-68, 471, 473, 47576, 496 - competence-based curriculum 354 - competence-based education 354 - functional competence 51 - key competence 129,198, 206, 302 competition 31, 75, 78,125-26, 139,156,167, 202, 225, 257,259, 357, 361, 379, 383, 408,433,459, 462,468 convergence 116,304,428-29, 436, 445 Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) 298 Council of Occupational Standards and Qualifications (COSA) 21 critical juncture 14,27,29,37,444 Croatia 14,25,31,47,265-67,270, 275-81,283-90, 377, 381, 386, 388,405,407-08,410, 413-17, 441, 445,450, 459, 465, 505, 507 - Croatian Chamber for Trades and Crafts (CCTC) 21,266 Index - Croatian Chamber of Economy (CCE) 21,276 - Croatian Qualification Framework (CROQF) 266,281-82 Croatian Qualification Framework (CROQF) 21 curriculum 40,44-45, 65, 69-70, 100,104,108, 111, 119,123, 143, 152,169,183, 211,226, 228-29, 236-38,253,270, 277,315, 317, 321, 334, 338, 344, 353-54, 370, 407,437,440,443,454, 480, 485, 506-09 - curriculum reform 69,104, 143, 354 Czech Republic 14,16, 30-31, 34-35,43, 46,162,165-66,
172,178,182,185-86,188-91, 194,218, 379, 383, 385, 390-91, 393,405,416, 439,445, 461-63, 486,494-96 Czechia 165,167-68,170-72, 174, 180-81, 184-87,189, 390 demographic change 79,142, 286 Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH German Corporation for International Cooperation 23 Deutscher Qualifikationsrahmen (DQR)ZGerman Qualification Framework 498 Developing a Curriculum (DACUM) 22 Economic and Social Council (ESC) 22,251,275,303 economic growth 31, 43, 45-46, 77, 82,130,139-41,157, 180, 186, 207, 222,230,236,247, 250-51, 295, 300, 304, 307, 326, 328-29,
Index 396,403-04,406,410-11,427, 465, 508 economy 15-16,27,30-31,35-36, 48, 56, 59,65, 67, 70, 85, 89, 92, 102,107,109,115, 123,127,130, 132,140-41,143,151,160,162, 169-71,175,193,196-97,199֊ 202, 207-08, 210,214, 217-18, 222-23,225-28, 230, 245-46, 252-53, 276, 279-80, 286, 291, 300-02, 305, 309, 316, 322, 325, 335, 341-43, 348, 350, 358-61, 377, 380, 384-85, 390-91, 398, 403,405,444,457,464-65,467, 473, 475,485, 490, 493 - low-skilled economy 30,246 - market economy 14,27,30-31, 34, 37-39, 46, 48, 50, 67, 69, 85, 99,123-24,170,172,193-94, 200, 217,223-24, 249,251, 291-93, 300, 315-16, 339, 344, 350, 384, 395,425,437,452,464,469,47778,485-86,489,493 education 9-11,14-16,27-28, 30-32, 34-35, 38,41-45,47-50, 52-55, 58-61, 63, 65-67, 69, 76, 78-79, 84-85, 90, 92, 95, 97-107, 109-16,118-31,135-37, 139֊ 59,161-63,165-72,174-80, 183-87,189-91,193-203,205-06, 208-15, 217-19,221-22, 224, 226-31, 235-41,244-48, 250-53, 257, 259-60, 262-63, 265-78, 280-85, 287-90, 294-300, 302-04, 306-10, 315-25, 327-29, 331, 333, 335, 337-39, 342, 345-55, 357-59, 361-62, 364-66, 371, 387, 395-403,405-06,408-23, 425-26,428-29,431,433-34,436, 439,442,446,448, 454, 457-58, 460-67, 470-71,475-76, 482-85, 487-92,497-98, 501, 505-09 513 - adult education 27-28,40, 50, 54, 72, 76, 90-91,122, 129-30, 139֊ 40,148-50, 153,155-56,158,197, 221-22, 224-25, 228-31, 234-37, 239-40, 242, 273-75, 290, 329, 397,402,404,410-11,416,418, 426, 440,442, 506 - education system 11,15,46, 67, 99-100,103,124, 126,142-43, 154,156, 161-62, 170-72,175-76, 183-86,194, 200-01, 212, 217-18, 222, 230, 249, 251-53, 260, 265, 267,
270, 273, 276, 282-83, 298, 319, 326, 328, 351, 353, 358, 406, 410,418,442,463, 465,498 - further education 28, 67,184, 196, 200, 205, 209, 246,252, 345, 353, 363 - higher education (HE) 11, 13-14,23, 27-28, 31-32, 35, 38, 40,42-50, 56, 66, 70-71, 78-79, 91, 99,105-06,108,116-18,120, 134,139-40,145-47, 149,156, 158-59, 162-63,170,173,178, 195-96, 200, 203-04, 206,212-14, 218, 225-27, 230, 232, 235, 237, 246, 249, 263,269, 271,287-88, 294, 300, 304, 306-07, 315-16, 321, 324, 326, 330, 335, 338, 340, 342, 351-54, 356, 363, 395, 403, 408,420-21,429, 437,442, 455, 489,497, 508 - higher education institution 23 - professional tertiary education 25,271 - secondary education 42-43,4546, 49, 78, 99,106,119,124,127֊ 28,166,169,171,178,183, 209, 222, 225, 235, 246, 255, 269-70, 300, 302, 320, 327, 347, 363,442 - vocational education and training (VET) 27-28, 56, 65, 95, 123,
514 193, 221, 295, 342, 371, 402, 425, 455 educational programme 31,401 educational reform 484 employers’ organisations 303 employment 11,34-36,38,41-42, 47, 53, 55, 65-66, 77-78, 83, 86, 96-97, 101,106, 121, 127, 130, 141, 145-49, 151-52, 157, 163, 185-86, 197, 204, 209-11, 217, 222, 224-28, 230-38, 240, 242-47, 251, 254-61, 268, 280, 293, 295-99, 301-02, 304, 30710, 322, 326, 328-31, 337, 342, 348, 350-51, 355-56, 358, 369, 371-73, 377, 379-82, 384, 393, 403, 406, 428, 453, 465-66, 482, 500, 505 - employment policies 198, 226 - employment rate 11, 35, 78, 127, 209, 230, 233, 308, 326, 329, 377, 466 enrolment (students) - enrolment rate 149 Estonia 41-42, 57, 59, 93,108,110, 121-32,135-38, 262, 355, 373, 375, 382, 389, 392,405-07,411, 413,415-17,423,437-38,443, 445,449, 451,460-61, 470-71, 486, 494-96, 507 - Estonian Labor Demand Monitoring and Forecasting System (OSKA) 25 - Estonian Lifelong Learning Strategy (ELLS) 121,129 Estonian Qualification Framework (EstQF) 22, 127, 133 Estonian Qualifications Authority Foundation 22, 133 European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (ENQA) 22,199, 204 Index European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) 22,32 European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET) 413,502 European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) 22 European Economic Community (EEC) 22,426 European Higher Education Area (EHEA) 22,146, 501 European integration 14, 76, 240, 283,425-27, 430-32, 434, 443, 458,475,490 European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) 486 European Neighbourhood Policy 486
European Quality Assurance in Vocational Education and Training (EQAVET) 22,501 European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) 22,95,438 European Social Fund (ESF) 95, 133, 278,438, 491 European Training Foundation (ETF) 32,101,126, 358,457, 486, 489, 502 European Union (EU) 13, 22, 30, 57, 59, 91, 95, 99,127, 141,159, 174,186-87,191, 261, 266, 287, 289-90, 362, 372, 387-89, 391, 395,402,420,425,428,430,434, 446,449-50, 470-72,477-78, 488-89,491, 494, 500-01 Europeanization 32, 61, 63,12627,132,136-38,193-94,197, 265, 280-81, 284, 289, 311, 344, 369, 374, 376, 378, 386, 398,409,
Index 425,438,441,443,445, 448, 451, 461,464-69 ֊ Europeanization of skill formation 344,425,441,443 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 22, 45,457 France 28, 33, 50, 73,189, 285, 317, 320, 371-72, 375, 390, 398, 409,431,434,443,458, 462, 472, 475,480 functionalism 430-31 - Neo-Functionalism 430-31 funding 16,43,46, 74-75, 79, 82, 89, 95, 102,139-40,144, 146-47, 153,174-75,183,187,193-94, 196,199-200, 205-06, 229, 234,252,265, 280, 284-86, 316, 321, 334, 344, 346-47, 351-52, 361, 397,414-15,417-19,436, 438,441-42,455-56,477-78, 487,491 - funding for education 347 German Democratic Republic (GDR) 493 German Dual System 378,462-63, 488,493 Germany 13, 33, 43, 50, 61-63, 66, 73, 86,92, 107, 110,116,124,135, 144,180,189, 208, 294, 317, 320, 353-55, 371-72, 399, 421,429, 431,434,443,449,453,455, 458, 461-62,466,470,472,474-75, 477-80,483,489-90,493,495-96, 498-99, 501-02, 504-05 Global Financial Crisis (GFC) 374 governance 14, 38-42,46,66,6970, 72, 77,91, 98,115-16,138-40, 142-43,154,170,193,196, 200, 203,228, 230, 239, 260, 266, 277, 316, 318, 344-45, 350, 359, 361, 515 397,406,414,428, 430-31,43435,437,439-40,442-43, 466, 482, 491,498 - decentralised governance 50 - multilevel governance 433 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 22,251 harmonisation 226,427-29, 432,434 historical institutionalism 37,6566,285 Hrvatska demokratska zajednica (HDZ) 281 human capital 15,28,30-31,34, 36,40-41,47-48, 52, 56, 63, 67, 71-72, 82, 84, 87-89,98,142,149, 239,265, 285, 291-96, 307-08, 310, 357, 384,410,412,435,444, 451,458, 463,465, 469, 508-09 - human capital development 36, 41,47, 89, 435,465 - human
capital theory 63 human resource (HR) 13,45,9799,101,213,215, 230,257, 505 - human resource development (HRD) 23,480 - human resource management (HRM) 118,476,505 Hungarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (HCCI) 23,232 Hungary 14,31,34-35,41,43,4547, 57,162, 187, 190-91, 221-23, 225-33,235-42, 374, 379, 383-85, 388, 391-92, 403,405,407-08, 413,415-16, 440,445,447, 449, 461-63,469,483,486,492,495, 497,499, 506 industrial relations 28,36,245,247, 331, 351, 376, 378-79, 389-90, 505 Industrial Training Board (ITB) 23
516 Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) 15, 23 institutional settings 38-39, 50,55, 65-66,107,112, 341-43, 35960, 438 institutions 9-10, 13-16, 19, 28, 30-32, 34-41,45, 47, 50, 52-55, 65-67, 71-72, 74-77, 84-86, 88, 90, 92, 96, 98-104, 107, 10911, 114, 120-21, 123, 125, 127, 129, 132, 134-35, 142, 146, 148, 150-51,153, 156, 158, 162-63, 167, 170, 173, 175, 184, 189, 193, 195-96, 204, 206-07, 216, 223, 228, 230-31, 237, 243, 246-50, 263, 271-72, 280, 288, 294, 296, 305-06, 315-19, 325-26, 333, 339, 341, 343, 345-47, 350-51, 353-54, 356-60, 363-64, 369, 371, 374-78, 380, 382-83, 385, 392, 395, 399-400, 404, 409-10, 412, 414-16, 421,425,427, 429, 431-37, 439-44, 452, 457,46062, 466, 468-69, 474, 479, 481, 489, 492, 495 - institutions of skill formation 55, 67, 90, 343, 358, 378,442, 444 interest groups 34, 341, 343, 360 International Adult Literacy Study (IALS) 23,150 International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) 23, 373 International Labour Organization (ILO) 362, 387, 397,423 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 124,461 International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 23 International Trade Unions Confederation (ITUC) 23 Italy 28, 33, 50, 371, 431,434, 504 Index Jedinstveni model obrazovanje (JMO)/Joint Model of Education 23 Kazakhstan 486 Kirgizstan 486 knowledge 13,31,51-54,56, 59, 71, 74, 98-101,104, 111, 115,125, 134,137,143,148,155,175,179, 182,207-08, 210, 215-16, 218, 226, 236, 238, 247, 249-51, 257, 261, 271, 280, 288, 298, 305-06, 310, 315, 319-20, 322, 334, 344, 354, 396,413,421,434, 454,458, 490, 506, 508 - academic knowledge 71,484
- vocational knowledge 70,238 knowledge creation 51-52 knowledge-based economy 210,458 Labour Force Survey (LFS) 23,273 labour market 15-17, 28, 35,40-41, 43, 45, 48, 50, 52-55, 61, 65-66, 69-72, 74, 77-78, 84, 89, 95-98, 100-02, 104-07,109,112-13, 121-23,125,127,130-31, 134-35, 139,141, 143-44, 146-48, 152-53, 156-57,159,169, 173, 177-78, 183,191,193, 195-97, 200-05, 208-10,212-13,216, 222-30, 232-33, 236-37, 239, 241-46, 248-49, 251-54, 256, 258, 265-69, 271-72, 275, 280, 282-86, 291, 293-94, 297-300, 304-05, 30709, 315, 318, 320-22, 324-26, 328, 332, 336, 343-44, 346-47, 349, 351-52, 354-55, 357-58, 361-62, 364, 370, 372, 377, 379, 383-85, 389, 391, 399,401, 403, 405-07, 411,414-16,418,425,433, 438,442,444, 449, 455-56, 458,
Index 461-67,481-82,484-85,487, 491, 493,498, 507-08 - labour market policy 313 - labour market regulation 50, 54, 98, 385 Latvia 9,41,95-107,109-20, 37376, 384, 390-91, 393,407,413-15, 437-38,447-48,461, 486,492, 505, 508 - Latvian Qualification Framework (LQF) 24,117 learning 39, 45, 48-49, 51-55, 59, 61, 63, 66, 75-77, 81, 89, 96-98, 101,104-07, 110-11,116,118-19, 122, 124-26,129-31,135-36, 140, 143-45,148-49,153-55,158,160, 162,165,171-72,177,188,190, 195, 197-98, 200, 202-03, 205-06, 211-12, 214-16, 218, 226-28, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, 244-45, 249-50, 253, 269-70, 277-84, 286, 296, 306, 317, 320, 322, 329, 333-35, 351, 355, 370-71, 373, 376, 392-93, 395, 398-401, 403, 406-07,410-13,417-20,434, 436, 439,441-43,452,455-57, 461, 466, 470,473-74,478,481, 484-85,490-91,493-96,498, 500, 503, 506-08 - learning outcomes 39,51-52, 75, 96, 98,104,106-07,116,129, 143,145,154,190, 202, 211, 215, 238, 250, 253, 281-84, 306, 322, 334, 355, 398-400,402,406-07, 412-13,418, 420,434,439,470, 494, 506 - learning pathways 48,74,135,439 - lifelong learning 11, 23, 27-28, 47-48, 50, 65-67, 72, 74, 82, 86, 95-97,101,104-05,107,111-13, 120-22,129-30,133-35,137,143, 517 151,153,158,184, 196,198, 200, 205, 211, 214, 228, 253, 265, 27374, 283, 306, 309, 315, 322-23, 329, 334-35, 351, 376, 393, 395, 403-04, 410-11,414,416, 418, 420-21,429,436,439, 442,456, 468,473,491, 509 - work-based learning 26,41,4546, 50, 68, 84, 87, 95-96,102-03, 107, 109-10,114-16,118-19,140, 193, 195, 203, 206, 215, 251-52, 272, 342, 344, 354, 376,407,435, 437, 439,441,491,495,497, 507 liberal intergovernmentalism
430,445 liberalisation 71,75, 78,124,194, 207, 299, 334, 343, 351, 375, 384, 457-59,463 Lithuania 9,16,19,40-42,46,61, 63, 65-67, 70, 72, 75, 77-86, 8889, 91-93,108,110, 373, 375-76, 384, 386, 388-89, 392,401, 403, 405-10,413-14, 417, 423,437, 449-50, 461, 475-76, 486,492, 494-95, 500, 504, 506, 508-09 - Lithuanian Qualification Framework (LTQF) 23 Local Committees for Social Partnership Development (LCSPD) 332 Magyar Szocialista Munkáspárt/ Hungarian Socialist Workers’ Party 24 Management Charter Initiative (MCI) 24,454 market economy - coordinated market economies 13,27,249,372,452 - liberal market economies 13, 371-72
518 master degree 24, 76 migration 15,35,40-41,65-66,82, 84, 87, 89, 93, 142, 210,226, 266, 293, 329, 384, 391,404,406,427, 465, 467 - workforce migration 39,280 mobility 32, 39, 53, 59, 92, 97, 101, 127, 135,210, 218, 226-27, 280, 305, 319, 322, 344, 353, 370, 38486, 400, 436,444,458 - labour mobility 295, 300, 310, 385 - worker mobility 35 modularisation 95,437,490 module 304 Moldova 16,445,465,486 Mongolia 483,486 Národní soustava kvalifikací I National Qualifications Framework of the Czech Republic 24 National Adult Training Board (NATB) 24,317,323,332 National Authority of Qualifications of Romania (ANQ) 21 national qualification framework 243 National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) 25, 33, 249, 252, 453 neoliberalism 32, 34,45, 50, 57, 67,115, 261, 341, 380, 409,432, 460,470 New Public Management 24,125, 403,435, 445 non-governmental organization (NGO) 24,331,415 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) 24 not in education, employment, or training (NEET) 24 Index occupation 49, 53,256, 277, 370, 418, 480 - classification of occupations 351,467 - occupational standard 282 Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development (OECD) 25 paths of development 254 Poland 14,16,25, 31, 34-35,40,45, 47, 50, 56-58,139-42,144-52, 154-56, 158-64,294, 355, 374, 379-80, 383, 385-88, 390-91,403, 405-10,412-16,420-21, 439,445, 447,461-63,483,486-87,492, 494,496, 505, 508 Poland and Hungary Aid for Economic Restructuring (PHARE) 25 policy 14,16,28-29, 31, 34, 36, 38, 40-41,46-47, 51, 54, 60, 63, 6667, 69, 72-76, 82-83, 86, 88-90, 93, 95-97, 99-101,103, 106-07, 109-13,
118,121,123-28,130, 136-40,142,146,148-49, 151-59, 165-66, 169,171, 174-75, 177, 182-83,185,194,211,218-19, 221, 223-26, 229-30, 235, 237, 239-41,250, 265-66,275-77, 280-81,284-87, 289-95, 303-04, 306-07, 309, 316, 320, 338, 34244, 348, 350, 352-55, 357, 359-61, 369, 372-73, 376-78, 380-81, 385, 388, 392, 395-401,403, 405, 407, 410,412,415-18, 420,425-26, 428-39, 441-46, 450-51, 454, 457-59,461, 465,468,470, 47578,485,487,489-93,498, 501, 503, 505-09 - employment policy 379-80 - industrial policy 35,57,440
Index - labour market policy 313 - policy borrowing 14,63,93,185, 211, 344, 353-54, 361, 373, 378, 385, 392, 397,400,436,442,45051,457,461,470,475 - policy learning 14,40-41,63,66, 75, 93,107,109,124,126-27, 211, 266, 344, 353-55, 361, 378, 385, 392, 397,417, 435-36, 441,443, 445,450-51,457,461-62, 468, 470, 475,477,485,489, 491,493, 498, 508 - skill formation policy 438,441 post-communist countries 13,28, 30,45, 47,49, 400, 451 post-communist transformation 30, 37,71,194, 207,318-19, 321, 331,342 privatisation 30-31, 34,67,72,123, 131, 146,172,194, 201,207, 250, 299, 318, 342, 356, 379-81,40809,459, 461-64,466,468,486 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 25 Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) 25,51,151 public relations 174 qualification 46, 87, 99-100, 105-06,111-14,120,122,132-34, 154-55,168,172,176,183,190, 208-09, 211-13, 215-16, 226-27, 231-32,234-35, 237, 250, 253, 265, 282-84, 286, 291-94, 296-97, 303, 305-07, 315, 320-22, 324, 334-35, 351-52, 356, 359-60, 366, 395, 401, 415-16, 419,429,436, 439, 454-57,463, 478,480, 48285, 487,490, 496-97, 508-09 - national system of qualifications 16,65-66, 74, 87, 519 333-34, 341-42, 359-61,402, 439, 507 - over-qualification 35,71,78, 82, 90,209-10, 326, 346, 357, 370,467 - qualification framework 127, 282, 284 - sectoral qualifications 88,104, 111, 155,164,414, 505 - tertiary qualifications 358, 434, 464-67 qualification framework - national qualification framework (NQF) 25,275,281,411,470 - sectoral qualification framework 26 quality assurance 72, 74-75, 98,128, 140,
144-46,148, 154,199, 204, 212, 214, 216, 272,275, 306, 315, 321-23,404,409,413, 418-19, 434,438 - quality assurance of higher education 76, 345 Regional Committees for Social Partnership Development (RCSPD) 25,332 Research and Development 25,31, 209,457,492, 507 Romania 10,14,16, 21,24, 31, 35,40, 42, 44-46, 48, 58,191, 294,315-18, 320-22, 32432, 334-39, 374, 378, 383-85, 388, 390, 392, 398, 406-08, 414, 442, 445,448-49,459-60,465-66,469, 483,486, 494-96, 509 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) 26,147 școala de arte si meserii / school of arts and crafts 25,320 Scottish Vocational Qualifications (SVQs) 26,454
520 secondary education - upper secondary education 9,11, 42-43,127,149-50,166,171-72, 178,180,182,185, 225, 261, 267, 271, 302, 307 sector skills councils 153,156, 158,415 skill 9,11,13-16,27-31,33-42,44, 46, 50-56, 59-61,65-68,72-73, 77-79, 82-91, 95,97,99-100,102, 104-05,107,112-13,121-23,13435,139-40,151,153,156,165-67, 171,175-76,184-86,193,199,207, 213,215,221-22, 224, 226, 238, 243-45,247-52,254-57,259-60, 265-67,269,274-77,281,283-86, 291-93,296,300-10,315-18, 320-23,325-29, 331-33, 335-36, 341-45,348-51,353-58,360-61, 369-72,374-86,395,399-404,407, 416,419,425-26,430,435-45,45153,456-59,461,463-69,472,475, 477-81,483,493-95,498,507-09 - collective skill formation 27,39, 84,477,479 - occupation-specific skills 104 - practical skills 44, 231 - skill demand 291, 304 - skill formation 9,11,13-16, 2731, 33-41,44, 50-56, 59, 65-68, 72-73, 77-79, 82, 84-90, 95, 97, 99-100,102,104-05,107,112-13, 121,139-40, 151,156,165-67, 171,175-76,184-86,193,199, 207, 213, 215, 221-22, 226, 238, 243-44, 247-57, 259-60, 265-67, 274-77, 281, 283-86, 291-94,296, 300, 303-04, 306-10, 315-18, 320-23, 325-29, 331-33, 335-36, 341-45, 349-51, 353-56, 358, 360-61, 369-72, 374-86, 395, 399-403, 416, 418-19,425-26, Index 430,435-45,451-52,456-59,461, 463-69,477-81,483,493-95, 498, 508-09 - skill formation models 27,315 - skill match 51 - skill supply 61,291-92, 357 - skills deficit 151,411,418,456,463 - skills inequalities 34 - skills mismatch 467 - skills needs 39,69, 88-89,105, 130,155,215, 227, 322, 335, 353, 357-58,418,455-56, 507 - skills shortages 15,36,41,46, 75, 84,144,152, 236, 252,
291-93, 296, 300-02, 305-07, 309-10, 378, 404,407,439,442,452-53, 463, 465-66,472 Slovakia 14,16,30-31,34-35,46, 57,162,165,190-91,193-94,19697, 200-03, 205, 207-11, 213-19, 373, 379, 381, 387, 389, 406,413֊ 14,440,445,450,459,461-63, 469,486,496, 506 - Slovak National Observatory of Vocational Education and Training 25 - Slovenský kvalifikačný rámec/ Slovak National Qualification Framework (SNO) 25 Slovenia 14, 19, 21, 30-32, 34-35, 39,41-42,45, 47-48, 57-59, 61, 107, 243-49, 251-52, 254-64, 290, 369, 375, 377, 381-84, 388, 39192, 399, 405-08,410,413,415-17, 421,441-42, 445-46,448, 450-51, 459-60,464-65,468-71,475, 486, 494, 505, 508 - Slovenian Qualification Framework (SQF) 26 - Statistični Urad Republika Slovenija/Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia 26
Index social dialogue 14,36,38,42,51,63, 65-67, 70, 72, 74, 83-86, 90-91, 107,109-10,121,132,139,151, 153,156,158, 203, 233, 243, 249, 257, 263, 275, 277, 284-85, 291, 303-05, 310, 315, 320, 331-33, 336, 343, 356, 360, 369-72, 37489, 392-93,404,407-08,414-15, 418, 425, 433,442-44,469, 49495, 498 - social dialogue over skill formation 38, 371-73,377, 382 social inequalities 31,65-66 social partners 35-38,40-42, 70, 72-74, 82, 85-86, 95,100,102, 105,109, 112,123,125,132, 13940,151-54,156,158,185,196, 226, 243, 247, 249, 251-52,25657,259, 261, 275,287, 303-05, 315, 318, 324, 332-35, 344, 351, 354-56, 360, 370-71, 374, 376-79, 381, 383, 391-93, 407,411,41719,437-38, 442-44,481,485, 495 - social partner organizations 47, 86,140, 333, 369, 373-74, 376, 379, 383,469 - social partnership 36,39,65, 86, 133, 248,252, 260,265-66,27576, 317, 323, 329, 331-32, 335, 341, 356, 379, 383,389,439,442, 507 socijaldemokratska partija Hrvatske I Social Democratic Party of Croatia 281 socio-economic transformation 341-42 Soviet Union 26, 29, 31, 42, 44-45, 48-49, 70,123, 222, 246, 298, 34142, 350,404-05,437,449, 467, 483-84,486,492, 503 stakeholder involvement 158,281, 439,467 stakeholder participation 440 521 Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG) 204 state 13-14,28,30,33,41,46,50, 57, 65-68, 70-72, 74-75, 79, 8687, 89, 99,106,110,123,125-26, 130-33, 140, 142,145-46, 148, 151,155,163,169-72,174,176, 182,184,193-99, 202,205-07, 211, 215-16, 221, 223-25, 229-30, 232, 234-35, 238, 243-45, 247-48, 250, 252-54, 256-57,260, 263, 265-66, 272,
275-76,278-81, 284-85, 298-99, 316, 318, 325, 328, 331, 338, 341, 343-44, 348, 350-51, 354, 356-57, 360-61, 369-73, 375-76, 378, 382-84, 387, 401,404-05,408-10,415,427, 430-31,437-38, 440,447,452, 459, 463-67,471,473,478,48084,492-95, 498 - developmental state 50 - welfare state 32, 34,42,48, 90, 142, 258, 380,460 stredná odborná škola (SOŠ)/ lyceum, secondary technical school 25 stredné odborné učilište (SOU)/ vocational secondary schools 26 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) 26 TACIS (Technical Assistance to the Commonwealth of Independent States) 26,486 Tadzhikistan 486 Total Factor Productivity (TFP) 26,308 trade unions 15,38,42,70,76,8488, 90,108,132,152-53, 250-51,
522 257, 259, 266, 275-76, 280, 283, 303, 305,319, 331-32, 336, 343-44, 349, 355-56, 369, 372-81, 383-84, 387, 389, 391, 393, 405, 415, 442, 453,481-82,495-96, 509 transnational companies (TNC) 385 tripartite structures 86, 381, 385 Turkmenistan 486 Ukraine 10, 14-16, 29, 37, 61, 84, 141, 263, 341-51, 353-66, 373, 375, 377-78, 382-84, 393, 396, 405,407-08, 413, 415,437, 443, 445,448,465, 467,486-87,49596, 501, 507 under-employment 35, 297, 302, 370 unemployment 11, ЗО, 35,40, 75, 77, 79,102, 123,127,130,139, 141,151,157,165,186,194-95, 197, 201, 209, 224, 227-30, 235, 244, 252, 280, 284, 286, 293, 297, 299-300, 309, 319, 326, 329, 331, 343, 364, 377-79, 381, 396,40305,407,427,463, 465-66,477-78, 485,491,493 - structural unemployment 37,40, 82, 87, 248, 298 - unemployment rate 10-11, 35, 79, 128,165, 209, 300-01, 309, 330 - youth unemployment 22728, 396 United Kingdom (UK) 26 Index United Nations (UN) 358 - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 26 university 9,47,117,125,129, 146-47,169-70,173-74,185,196, 2 09, 246, 251, 272, 299, 302, 306, 3 10, 322, 324, 334, 338, 351,409, 466,468 Uzbekistan 486 vocational education and training (VET) - continuing vocational education and training (CVET) 21 - dual vocational education and training 221, 387 - initial vocational education and training (IVET) 23, 117, 315, 478 - technical vocational education and training 26 - vocational basic education 106 vocational examination - vocational examination requirements 26 vocational guidance 44,288, 303, 348 vocationalization - de-vocationalization
46,143,149, 395,402,404-08 - re-vocationalization 407-08 World Bank (WB) 124
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TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
LIST
OF
FIGURES
9
LIST
OF
TABLES
.
11
PREFACE
13
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
.
19
ABBREVIATIONS
.
21
VIDMANTAS
TMYS
F
JONATHAN
WINTERTON,
JORG
MARKOWITSCH
AND
SAMO
PAVLIN
1.
SKILL
FORMATION
IN
THE
POST-COMMUNIST
CEE
COUNTRIES
.
27
VIDMANTAS
TUTLYS,
GENUTE
GEDVILIENE,
LINA
KAMINSKIENE
AND
EGLE
STASIUNAITIENE
2.
LITHUANIA:
BETWEEN
NEOLIBERALISM
AND
STATISM
.
65
ILZE
BULIGINA,
BIRUTA
SLOKA
3.
LATVIA:
TOWARDS
SYSTEMIC
APPROACH
TO
SKILL
FORMATION
.
95
KRISTA
LOOGMA
4.
ESTONIA:
EXPANDING
THE
INSTITUTIONAL
LANDSCAPE
.
121
HORACY
DUBOWSKI
AND
WOJCIECH
ST^CHTY
5.
POLAND:
STRIVING
FOR
BETTER
GOVERNANCE
AND
INTEGRATION
.
139
DOMINIK
DVORAK
AND
PETR
GAL
6.
CZECH
REPUBLIC:
NATIONAL
AND
LOCAL
PERSPECTIVES
.
165
JURAJ
VANTUCH
AND
DAGMAR
JELINKOVA
7.
SLOVAKIA:
SKILL
FORMATION
AT
THE
CROSSROADS
.
193
ANDREA
LACZIK
AND
EVA
FARKAS
8.
HUNGARY:
LIBERAL
AND
DEVELOPMENTAL
CHOICES
221
SAMO
PAVLIN,
KLARA
SKUBIC
ERMENC
AND
BRANKO
BEMBIC
9.
SLOVENIA:
SEGMENTATION
AND
SECTORAL
DISPARITIES
.
243
TEO
MATKOVIC
AND
NIKOLA
BUKOVIC
10.
CROATIA:
IMPACT
OF
EUROPEANIZATION
ON
SKILL
FORMATION
.
265
RALITSA
SIMEONOVA-GANEVA,
KALOYAN
GANEV
AND
RADOSTINA
ANGELOVA
11.
BULGARIA:
SKILL
IMBALANCES
AND
POLICY
RESPONSES
.
291
ZOICA
ELENA
VLADUT
12.
ROMANIA:
BETWEEN
STATIST
AND
COLLECTIVE
APPROACHES
.
315
SERGII
MELNYK
13.
UKRAINE:
LATE
AND
ITERATIVE
INSTITUTIONALIZATION
.
341
EMMA
WALLIS
AND
JONATHAN
WINTERTON
14.
SOCIAL
DIALOGUE
AND
SKILL
FORMATION
SYSTEMS
IN
THE
CEE
.
369
JORG
MARKOWITSCH
AND
HORACY
DUBOWSKI
15.
EDUCATION
SYSTEMS
AND
QUALIFICATIONS
FRAMEWORKS
.
395
SANDRA
BOHLINGER
AND
VIDMANTAS
TUTLYS
16.
EU
IMPLICATIONS
FOR
SKILL
FORMATION
IN
THE
CEE
.
425
JONATHAN
WINTERTON
17.
LIBERAL
MARKET
INFLUENCES
ON
CEE
.
451
ANDREAS
SANITER
AND
CHRISTIANE
EBERHARDT
18.
SKILL
FORMATION:
POLICY
LEARNING
FROM
GERMANY?
.
477
NOTES
ON
CONTRIBUTORS
505
INDEX
511
Index ‘brain drain 82, 127, 384,466 catching-up’ strategies 451 ‘Matthias effect’ 464 Agency for Science and Higher Education (ASHE) 272 apprenticeship 33,41,46, 50, 75, 84, 86-87, 96,102,107,145,166-68, 170,172,176-78,198, 203, 20809, 214, 232-33, 241, 250-52, 256, 265-66, 277-81, 317, 321, 378, 405,407-08,436,438-39,441, 443,452,462,466,474,477-81, 484,489-91,493,495,497-98 Armenia 486 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 21,134 Austria 19, 33, 50, 63, 73,167,18889, 275, 278, 287, 371, 507 Authority of Qualifications in Higher Education and Partnership with the Economic and Social Environment (Romania) (AQHEPESE) 21 Azerbaijan 486 Bachelor Degree 21,327 Belarus 29, 84, 465, 486 Betriebsberufschulen (DE)/ Company vocational schools 21 Bulgaria 10,14, 31, 36,40,44-46, 48, 62, 91,191, 291-96, 298, 30007, 310-13, 374, 377, 384-87, 389, 406-07,409,415, 442,446,45960,465,483,486,492, 505-06, 508 Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (BIBB)/Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training 21 Capitalism - Diversity of Capitalism (DoC) 459 Capitalism 43, 57, 87, 91,115,163, 193-94, 201, 261, 386 - Diversity of Capitalism (DoC) 22 - Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) 13, 17, 27, 33, 58, 262,459 Capitalism 459 Capitalism 469 Capitalism 470 Capitalism - Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) 470 Capitalism - Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) 471 Capitalism - Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) 472 Capitalism - Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) 472 Capitalism 472 Capitalism - Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) 473 Capitalism - Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) 473 Capitalism - Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) 473 Capitalism -
Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) 474 Capitalism 474 Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) 13, 21, 27-28, 57-60, 62, 92,159,163, 165, 190, 263-64, 288,311,339, 341,369, 371, 387-91, 395,402-03, 411,420-23, 425,434,447,451,471-75, 499֊ 503, 506 Centre Republike Slovenije za poklicno izobraževanje (CPI) /
512 The Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for Vocational Education and Training 21 Classification of European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations (ESCO) 22 collective bargaining 28, 36,276, 331-32, 339, 369-71, 373-78, 380-81, 386-87, 389-92,433 competence 15, 17, 39, 49, 51-53, 59, 66, 69, 74, 79, 87, 89, 91, 95-96, 98, 105, 108, 110, 115-16, 129, 133, 155,202,226, 238, 248,250, 264, 282,319, 333, 342, 344-45, 349, 352, 354-55, 376, 407, 435-36, 438, 440-41, 443, 452-53, 455, 457-59, 461, 463-64, 466-68, 471, 473, 47576, 496 - competence-based curriculum 354 - competence-based education 354 - functional competence 51 - key competence 129,198, 206, 302 competition 31, 75, 78,125-26, 139,156,167, 202, 225, 257,259, 357, 361, 379, 383, 408,433,459, 462,468 convergence 116,304,428-29, 436, 445 Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) 298 Council of Occupational Standards and Qualifications (COSA) 21 critical juncture 14,27,29,37,444 Croatia 14,25,31,47,265-67,270, 275-81,283-90, 377, 381, 386, 388,405,407-08,410, 413-17, 441, 445,450, 459, 465, 505, 507 - Croatian Chamber for Trades and Crafts (CCTC) 21,266 Index - Croatian Chamber of Economy (CCE) 21,276 - Croatian Qualification Framework (CROQF) 266,281-82 Croatian Qualification Framework (CROQF) 21 curriculum 40,44-45, 65, 69-70, 100,104,108, 111, 119,123, 143, 152,169,183, 211,226, 228-29, 236-38,253,270, 277,315, 317, 321, 334, 338, 344, 353-54, 370, 407,437,440,443,454, 480, 485, 506-09 - curriculum reform 69,104, 143, 354 Czech Republic 14,16, 30-31, 34-35,43, 46,162,165-66,
172,178,182,185-86,188-91, 194,218, 379, 383, 385, 390-91, 393,405,416, 439,445, 461-63, 486,494-96 Czechia 165,167-68,170-72, 174, 180-81, 184-87,189, 390 demographic change 79,142, 286 Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH German Corporation for International Cooperation 23 Deutscher Qualifikationsrahmen (DQR)ZGerman Qualification Framework 498 Developing a Curriculum (DACUM) 22 Economic and Social Council (ESC) 22,251,275,303 economic growth 31, 43, 45-46, 77, 82,130,139-41,157, 180, 186, 207, 222,230,236,247, 250-51, 295, 300, 304, 307, 326, 328-29,
Index 396,403-04,406,410-11,427, 465, 508 economy 15-16,27,30-31,35-36, 48, 56, 59,65, 67, 70, 85, 89, 92, 102,107,109,115, 123,127,130, 132,140-41,143,151,160,162, 169-71,175,193,196-97,199֊ 202, 207-08, 210,214, 217-18, 222-23,225-28, 230, 245-46, 252-53, 276, 279-80, 286, 291, 300-02, 305, 309, 316, 322, 325, 335, 341-43, 348, 350, 358-61, 377, 380, 384-85, 390-91, 398, 403,405,444,457,464-65,467, 473, 475,485, 490, 493 - low-skilled economy 30,246 - market economy 14,27,30-31, 34, 37-39, 46, 48, 50, 67, 69, 85, 99,123-24,170,172,193-94, 200, 217,223-24, 249,251, 291-93, 300, 315-16, 339, 344, 350, 384, 395,425,437,452,464,469,47778,485-86,489,493 education 9-11,14-16,27-28, 30-32, 34-35, 38,41-45,47-50, 52-55, 58-61, 63, 65-67, 69, 76, 78-79, 84-85, 90, 92, 95, 97-107, 109-16,118-31,135-37, 139֊ 59,161-63,165-72,174-80, 183-87,189-91,193-203,205-06, 208-15, 217-19,221-22, 224, 226-31, 235-41,244-48, 250-53, 257, 259-60, 262-63, 265-78, 280-85, 287-90, 294-300, 302-04, 306-10, 315-25, 327-29, 331, 333, 335, 337-39, 342, 345-55, 357-59, 361-62, 364-66, 371, 387, 395-403,405-06,408-23, 425-26,428-29,431,433-34,436, 439,442,446,448, 454, 457-58, 460-67, 470-71,475-76, 482-85, 487-92,497-98, 501, 505-09 513 - adult education 27-28,40, 50, 54, 72, 76, 90-91,122, 129-30, 139֊ 40,148-50, 153,155-56,158,197, 221-22, 224-25, 228-31, 234-37, 239-40, 242, 273-75, 290, 329, 397,402,404,410-11,416,418, 426, 440,442, 506 - education system 11,15,46, 67, 99-100,103,124, 126,142-43, 154,156, 161-62, 170-72,175-76, 183-86,194, 200-01, 212, 217-18, 222, 230, 249, 251-53, 260, 265, 267,
270, 273, 276, 282-83, 298, 319, 326, 328, 351, 353, 358, 406, 410,418,442,463, 465,498 - further education 28, 67,184, 196, 200, 205, 209, 246,252, 345, 353, 363 - higher education (HE) 11, 13-14,23, 27-28, 31-32, 35, 38, 40,42-50, 56, 66, 70-71, 78-79, 91, 99,105-06,108,116-18,120, 134,139-40,145-47, 149,156, 158-59, 162-63,170,173,178, 195-96, 200, 203-04, 206,212-14, 218, 225-27, 230, 232, 235, 237, 246, 249, 263,269, 271,287-88, 294, 300, 304, 306-07, 315-16, 321, 324, 326, 330, 335, 338, 340, 342, 351-54, 356, 363, 395, 403, 408,420-21,429, 437,442, 455, 489,497, 508 - higher education institution 23 - professional tertiary education 25,271 - secondary education 42-43,4546, 49, 78, 99,106,119,124,127֊ 28,166,169,171,178,183, 209, 222, 225, 235, 246, 255, 269-70, 300, 302, 320, 327, 347, 363,442 - vocational education and training (VET) 27-28, 56, 65, 95, 123,
514 193, 221, 295, 342, 371, 402, 425, 455 educational programme 31,401 educational reform 484 employers’ organisations 303 employment 11,34-36,38,41-42, 47, 53, 55, 65-66, 77-78, 83, 86, 96-97, 101,106, 121, 127, 130, 141, 145-49, 151-52, 157, 163, 185-86, 197, 204, 209-11, 217, 222, 224-28, 230-38, 240, 242-47, 251, 254-61, 268, 280, 293, 295-99, 301-02, 304, 30710, 322, 326, 328-31, 337, 342, 348, 350-51, 355-56, 358, 369, 371-73, 377, 379-82, 384, 393, 403, 406, 428, 453, 465-66, 482, 500, 505 - employment policies 198, 226 - employment rate 11, 35, 78, 127, 209, 230, 233, 308, 326, 329, 377, 466 enrolment (students) - enrolment rate 149 Estonia 41-42, 57, 59, 93,108,110, 121-32,135-38, 262, 355, 373, 375, 382, 389, 392,405-07,411, 413,415-17,423,437-38,443, 445,449, 451,460-61, 470-71, 486, 494-96, 507 - Estonian Labor Demand Monitoring and Forecasting System (OSKA) 25 - Estonian Lifelong Learning Strategy (ELLS) 121,129 Estonian Qualification Framework (EstQF) 22, 127, 133 Estonian Qualifications Authority Foundation 22, 133 European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (ENQA) 22,199, 204 Index European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) 22,32 European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET) 413,502 European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) 22 European Economic Community (EEC) 22,426 European Higher Education Area (EHEA) 22,146, 501 European integration 14, 76, 240, 283,425-27, 430-32, 434, 443, 458,475,490 European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) 486 European Neighbourhood Policy 486
European Quality Assurance in Vocational Education and Training (EQAVET) 22,501 European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) 22,95,438 European Social Fund (ESF) 95, 133, 278,438, 491 European Training Foundation (ETF) 32,101,126, 358,457, 486, 489, 502 European Union (EU) 13, 22, 30, 57, 59, 91, 95, 99,127, 141,159, 174,186-87,191, 261, 266, 287, 289-90, 362, 372, 387-89, 391, 395,402,420,425,428,430,434, 446,449-50, 470-72,477-78, 488-89,491, 494, 500-01 Europeanization 32, 61, 63,12627,132,136-38,193-94,197, 265, 280-81, 284, 289, 311, 344, 369, 374, 376, 378, 386, 398,409,
Index 425,438,441,443,445, 448, 451, 461,464-69 ֊ Europeanization of skill formation 344,425,441,443 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 22, 45,457 France 28, 33, 50, 73,189, 285, 317, 320, 371-72, 375, 390, 398, 409,431,434,443,458, 462, 472, 475,480 functionalism 430-31 - Neo-Functionalism 430-31 funding 16,43,46, 74-75, 79, 82, 89, 95, 102,139-40,144, 146-47, 153,174-75,183,187,193-94, 196,199-200, 205-06, 229, 234,252,265, 280, 284-86, 316, 321, 334, 344, 346-47, 351-52, 361, 397,414-15,417-19,436, 438,441-42,455-56,477-78, 487,491 - funding for education 347 German Democratic Republic (GDR) 493 German Dual System 378,462-63, 488,493 Germany 13, 33, 43, 50, 61-63, 66, 73, 86,92, 107, 110,116,124,135, 144,180,189, 208, 294, 317, 320, 353-55, 371-72, 399, 421,429, 431,434,443,449,453,455, 458, 461-62,466,470,472,474-75, 477-80,483,489-90,493,495-96, 498-99, 501-02, 504-05 Global Financial Crisis (GFC) 374 governance 14, 38-42,46,66,6970, 72, 77,91, 98,115-16,138-40, 142-43,154,170,193,196, 200, 203,228, 230, 239, 260, 266, 277, 316, 318, 344-45, 350, 359, 361, 515 397,406,414,428, 430-31,43435,437,439-40,442-43, 466, 482, 491,498 - decentralised governance 50 - multilevel governance 433 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 22,251 harmonisation 226,427-29, 432,434 historical institutionalism 37,6566,285 Hrvatska demokratska zajednica (HDZ) 281 human capital 15,28,30-31,34, 36,40-41,47-48, 52, 56, 63, 67, 71-72, 82, 84, 87-89,98,142,149, 239,265, 285, 291-96, 307-08, 310, 357, 384,410,412,435,444, 451,458, 463,465, 469, 508-09 - human capital development 36, 41,47, 89, 435,465 - human
capital theory 63 human resource (HR) 13,45,9799,101,213,215, 230,257, 505 - human resource development (HRD) 23,480 - human resource management (HRM) 118,476,505 Hungarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (HCCI) 23,232 Hungary 14,31,34-35,41,43,4547, 57,162, 187, 190-91, 221-23, 225-33,235-42, 374, 379, 383-85, 388, 391-92, 403,405,407-08, 413,415-16, 440,445,447, 449, 461-63,469,483,486,492,495, 497,499, 506 industrial relations 28,36,245,247, 331, 351, 376, 378-79, 389-90, 505 Industrial Training Board (ITB) 23
516 Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) 15, 23 institutional settings 38-39, 50,55, 65-66,107,112, 341-43, 35960, 438 institutions 9-10, 13-16, 19, 28, 30-32, 34-41,45, 47, 50, 52-55, 65-67, 71-72, 74-77, 84-86, 88, 90, 92, 96, 98-104, 107, 10911, 114, 120-21, 123, 125, 127, 129, 132, 134-35, 142, 146, 148, 150-51,153, 156, 158, 162-63, 167, 170, 173, 175, 184, 189, 193, 195-96, 204, 206-07, 216, 223, 228, 230-31, 237, 243, 246-50, 263, 271-72, 280, 288, 294, 296, 305-06, 315-19, 325-26, 333, 339, 341, 343, 345-47, 350-51, 353-54, 356-60, 363-64, 369, 371, 374-78, 380, 382-83, 385, 392, 395, 399-400, 404, 409-10, 412, 414-16, 421,425,427, 429, 431-37, 439-44, 452, 457,46062, 466, 468-69, 474, 479, 481, 489, 492, 495 - institutions of skill formation 55, 67, 90, 343, 358, 378,442, 444 interest groups 34, 341, 343, 360 International Adult Literacy Study (IALS) 23,150 International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) 23, 373 International Labour Organization (ILO) 362, 387, 397,423 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 124,461 International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 23 International Trade Unions Confederation (ITUC) 23 Italy 28, 33, 50, 371, 431,434, 504 Index Jedinstveni model obrazovanje (JMO)/Joint Model of Education 23 Kazakhstan 486 Kirgizstan 486 knowledge 13,31,51-54,56, 59, 71, 74, 98-101,104, 111, 115,125, 134,137,143,148,155,175,179, 182,207-08, 210, 215-16, 218, 226, 236, 238, 247, 249-51, 257, 261, 271, 280, 288, 298, 305-06, 310, 315, 319-20, 322, 334, 344, 354, 396,413,421,434, 454,458, 490, 506, 508 - academic knowledge 71,484
- vocational knowledge 70,238 knowledge creation 51-52 knowledge-based economy 210,458 Labour Force Survey (LFS) 23,273 labour market 15-17, 28, 35,40-41, 43, 45, 48, 50, 52-55, 61, 65-66, 69-72, 74, 77-78, 84, 89, 95-98, 100-02, 104-07,109,112-13, 121-23,125,127,130-31, 134-35, 139,141, 143-44, 146-48, 152-53, 156-57,159,169, 173, 177-78, 183,191,193, 195-97, 200-05, 208-10,212-13,216, 222-30, 232-33, 236-37, 239, 241-46, 248-49, 251-54, 256, 258, 265-69, 271-72, 275, 280, 282-86, 291, 293-94, 297-300, 304-05, 30709, 315, 318, 320-22, 324-26, 328, 332, 336, 343-44, 346-47, 349, 351-52, 354-55, 357-58, 361-62, 364, 370, 372, 377, 379, 383-85, 389, 391, 399,401, 403, 405-07, 411,414-16,418,425,433, 438,442,444, 449, 455-56, 458,
Index 461-67,481-82,484-85,487, 491, 493,498, 507-08 - labour market policy 313 - labour market regulation 50, 54, 98, 385 Latvia 9,41,95-107,109-20, 37376, 384, 390-91, 393,407,413-15, 437-38,447-48,461, 486,492, 505, 508 - Latvian Qualification Framework (LQF) 24,117 learning 39, 45, 48-49, 51-55, 59, 61, 63, 66, 75-77, 81, 89, 96-98, 101,104-07, 110-11,116,118-19, 122, 124-26,129-31,135-36, 140, 143-45,148-49,153-55,158,160, 162,165,171-72,177,188,190, 195, 197-98, 200, 202-03, 205-06, 211-12, 214-16, 218, 226-28, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, 244-45, 249-50, 253, 269-70, 277-84, 286, 296, 306, 317, 320, 322, 329, 333-35, 351, 355, 370-71, 373, 376, 392-93, 395, 398-401, 403, 406-07,410-13,417-20,434, 436, 439,441-43,452,455-57, 461, 466, 470,473-74,478,481, 484-85,490-91,493-96,498, 500, 503, 506-08 - learning outcomes 39,51-52, 75, 96, 98,104,106-07,116,129, 143,145,154,190, 202, 211, 215, 238, 250, 253, 281-84, 306, 322, 334, 355, 398-400,402,406-07, 412-13,418, 420,434,439,470, 494, 506 - learning pathways 48,74,135,439 - lifelong learning 11, 23, 27-28, 47-48, 50, 65-67, 72, 74, 82, 86, 95-97,101,104-05,107,111-13, 120-22,129-30,133-35,137,143, 517 151,153,158,184, 196,198, 200, 205, 211, 214, 228, 253, 265, 27374, 283, 306, 309, 315, 322-23, 329, 334-35, 351, 376, 393, 395, 403-04, 410-11,414,416, 418, 420-21,429,436,439, 442,456, 468,473,491, 509 - work-based learning 26,41,4546, 50, 68, 84, 87, 95-96,102-03, 107, 109-10,114-16,118-19,140, 193, 195, 203, 206, 215, 251-52, 272, 342, 344, 354, 376,407,435, 437, 439,441,491,495,497, 507 liberal intergovernmentalism
430,445 liberalisation 71,75, 78,124,194, 207, 299, 334, 343, 351, 375, 384, 457-59,463 Lithuania 9,16,19,40-42,46,61, 63, 65-67, 70, 72, 75, 77-86, 8889, 91-93,108,110, 373, 375-76, 384, 386, 388-89, 392,401, 403, 405-10,413-14, 417, 423,437, 449-50, 461, 475-76, 486,492, 494-95, 500, 504, 506, 508-09 - Lithuanian Qualification Framework (LTQF) 23 Local Committees for Social Partnership Development (LCSPD) 332 Magyar Szocialista Munkáspárt/ Hungarian Socialist Workers’ Party 24 Management Charter Initiative (MCI) 24,454 market economy - coordinated market economies 13,27,249,372,452 - liberal market economies 13, 371-72
518 master degree 24, 76 migration 15,35,40-41,65-66,82, 84, 87, 89, 93, 142, 210,226, 266, 293, 329, 384, 391,404,406,427, 465, 467 - workforce migration 39,280 mobility 32, 39, 53, 59, 92, 97, 101, 127, 135,210, 218, 226-27, 280, 305, 319, 322, 344, 353, 370, 38486, 400, 436,444,458 - labour mobility 295, 300, 310, 385 - worker mobility 35 modularisation 95,437,490 module 304 Moldova 16,445,465,486 Mongolia 483,486 Národní soustava kvalifikací I National Qualifications Framework of the Czech Republic 24 National Adult Training Board (NATB) 24,317,323,332 National Authority of Qualifications of Romania (ANQ) 21 national qualification framework 243 National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) 25, 33, 249, 252, 453 neoliberalism 32, 34,45, 50, 57, 67,115, 261, 341, 380, 409,432, 460,470 New Public Management 24,125, 403,435, 445 non-governmental organization (NGO) 24,331,415 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) 24 not in education, employment, or training (NEET) 24 Index occupation 49, 53,256, 277, 370, 418, 480 - classification of occupations 351,467 - occupational standard 282 Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development (OECD) 25 paths of development 254 Poland 14,16,25, 31, 34-35,40,45, 47, 50, 56-58,139-42,144-52, 154-56, 158-64,294, 355, 374, 379-80, 383, 385-88, 390-91,403, 405-10,412-16,420-21, 439,445, 447,461-63,483,486-87,492, 494,496, 505, 508 Poland and Hungary Aid for Economic Restructuring (PHARE) 25 policy 14,16,28-29, 31, 34, 36, 38, 40-41,46-47, 51, 54, 60, 63, 6667, 69, 72-76, 82-83, 86, 88-90, 93, 95-97, 99-101,103, 106-07, 109-13,
118,121,123-28,130, 136-40,142,146,148-49, 151-59, 165-66, 169,171, 174-75, 177, 182-83,185,194,211,218-19, 221, 223-26, 229-30, 235, 237, 239-41,250, 265-66,275-77, 280-81,284-87, 289-95, 303-04, 306-07, 309, 316, 320, 338, 34244, 348, 350, 352-55, 357, 359-61, 369, 372-73, 376-78, 380-81, 385, 388, 392, 395-401,403, 405, 407, 410,412,415-18, 420,425-26, 428-39, 441-46, 450-51, 454, 457-59,461, 465,468,470, 47578,485,487,489-93,498, 501, 503, 505-09 - employment policy 379-80 - industrial policy 35,57,440
Index - labour market policy 313 - policy borrowing 14,63,93,185, 211, 344, 353-54, 361, 373, 378, 385, 392, 397,400,436,442,45051,457,461,470,475 - policy learning 14,40-41,63,66, 75, 93,107,109,124,126-27, 211, 266, 344, 353-55, 361, 378, 385, 392, 397,417, 435-36, 441,443, 445,450-51,457,461-62, 468, 470, 475,477,485,489, 491,493, 498, 508 - skill formation policy 438,441 post-communist countries 13,28, 30,45, 47,49, 400, 451 post-communist transformation 30, 37,71,194, 207,318-19, 321, 331,342 privatisation 30-31, 34,67,72,123, 131, 146,172,194, 201,207, 250, 299, 318, 342, 356, 379-81,40809,459, 461-64,466,468,486 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 25 Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) 25,51,151 public relations 174 qualification 46, 87, 99-100, 105-06,111-14,120,122,132-34, 154-55,168,172,176,183,190, 208-09, 211-13, 215-16, 226-27, 231-32,234-35, 237, 250, 253, 265, 282-84, 286, 291-94, 296-97, 303, 305-07, 315, 320-22, 324, 334-35, 351-52, 356, 359-60, 366, 395, 401, 415-16, 419,429,436, 439, 454-57,463, 478,480, 48285, 487,490, 496-97, 508-09 - national system of qualifications 16,65-66, 74, 87, 519 333-34, 341-42, 359-61,402, 439, 507 - over-qualification 35,71,78, 82, 90,209-10, 326, 346, 357, 370,467 - qualification framework 127, 282, 284 - sectoral qualifications 88,104, 111, 155,164,414, 505 - tertiary qualifications 358, 434, 464-67 qualification framework - national qualification framework (NQF) 25,275,281,411,470 - sectoral qualification framework 26 quality assurance 72, 74-75, 98,128, 140,
144-46,148, 154,199, 204, 212, 214, 216, 272,275, 306, 315, 321-23,404,409,413, 418-19, 434,438 - quality assurance of higher education 76, 345 Regional Committees for Social Partnership Development (RCSPD) 25,332 Research and Development 25,31, 209,457,492, 507 Romania 10,14,16, 21,24, 31, 35,40, 42, 44-46, 48, 58,191, 294,315-18, 320-22, 32432, 334-39, 374, 378, 383-85, 388, 390, 392, 398, 406-08, 414, 442, 445,448-49,459-60,465-66,469, 483,486, 494-96, 509 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) 26,147 școala de arte si meserii / school of arts and crafts 25,320 Scottish Vocational Qualifications (SVQs) 26,454
520 secondary education - upper secondary education 9,11, 42-43,127,149-50,166,171-72, 178,180,182,185, 225, 261, 267, 271, 302, 307 sector skills councils 153,156, 158,415 skill 9,11,13-16,27-31,33-42,44, 46, 50-56, 59-61,65-68,72-73, 77-79, 82-91, 95,97,99-100,102, 104-05,107,112-13,121-23,13435,139-40,151,153,156,165-67, 171,175-76,184-86,193,199,207, 213,215,221-22, 224, 226, 238, 243-45,247-52,254-57,259-60, 265-67,269,274-77,281,283-86, 291-93,296,300-10,315-18, 320-23,325-29, 331-33, 335-36, 341-45,348-51,353-58,360-61, 369-72,374-86,395,399-404,407, 416,419,425-26,430,435-45,45153,456-59,461,463-69,472,475, 477-81,483,493-95,498,507-09 - collective skill formation 27,39, 84,477,479 - occupation-specific skills 104 - practical skills 44, 231 - skill demand 291, 304 - skill formation 9,11,13-16, 2731, 33-41,44, 50-56, 59, 65-68, 72-73, 77-79, 82, 84-90, 95, 97, 99-100,102,104-05,107,112-13, 121,139-40, 151,156,165-67, 171,175-76,184-86,193,199, 207, 213, 215, 221-22, 226, 238, 243-44, 247-57, 259-60, 265-67, 274-77, 281, 283-86, 291-94,296, 300, 303-04, 306-10, 315-18, 320-23, 325-29, 331-33, 335-36, 341-45, 349-51, 353-56, 358, 360-61, 369-72, 374-86, 395, 399-403, 416, 418-19,425-26, Index 430,435-45,451-52,456-59,461, 463-69,477-81,483,493-95, 498, 508-09 - skill formation models 27,315 - skill match 51 - skill supply 61,291-92, 357 - skills deficit 151,411,418,456,463 - skills inequalities 34 - skills mismatch 467 - skills needs 39,69, 88-89,105, 130,155,215, 227, 322, 335, 353, 357-58,418,455-56, 507 - skills shortages 15,36,41,46, 75, 84,144,152, 236, 252,
291-93, 296, 300-02, 305-07, 309-10, 378, 404,407,439,442,452-53, 463, 465-66,472 Slovakia 14,16,30-31,34-35,46, 57,162,165,190-91,193-94,19697, 200-03, 205, 207-11, 213-19, 373, 379, 381, 387, 389, 406,413֊ 14,440,445,450,459,461-63, 469,486,496, 506 - Slovak National Observatory of Vocational Education and Training 25 - Slovenský kvalifikačný rámec/ Slovak National Qualification Framework (SNO) 25 Slovenia 14, 19, 21, 30-32, 34-35, 39,41-42,45, 47-48, 57-59, 61, 107, 243-49, 251-52, 254-64, 290, 369, 375, 377, 381-84, 388, 39192, 399, 405-08,410,413,415-17, 421,441-42, 445-46,448, 450-51, 459-60,464-65,468-71,475, 486, 494, 505, 508 - Slovenian Qualification Framework (SQF) 26 - Statistični Urad Republika Slovenija/Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia 26
Index social dialogue 14,36,38,42,51,63, 65-67, 70, 72, 74, 83-86, 90-91, 107,109-10,121,132,139,151, 153,156,158, 203, 233, 243, 249, 257, 263, 275, 277, 284-85, 291, 303-05, 310, 315, 320, 331-33, 336, 343, 356, 360, 369-72, 37489, 392-93,404,407-08,414-15, 418, 425, 433,442-44,469, 49495, 498 - social dialogue over skill formation 38, 371-73,377, 382 social inequalities 31,65-66 social partners 35-38,40-42, 70, 72-74, 82, 85-86, 95,100,102, 105,109, 112,123,125,132, 13940,151-54,156,158,185,196, 226, 243, 247, 249, 251-52,25657,259, 261, 275,287, 303-05, 315, 318, 324, 332-35, 344, 351, 354-56, 360, 370-71, 374, 376-79, 381, 383, 391-93, 407,411,41719,437-38, 442-44,481,485, 495 - social partner organizations 47, 86,140, 333, 369, 373-74, 376, 379, 383,469 - social partnership 36,39,65, 86, 133, 248,252, 260,265-66,27576, 317, 323, 329, 331-32, 335, 341, 356, 379, 383,389,439,442, 507 socijaldemokratska partija Hrvatske I Social Democratic Party of Croatia 281 socio-economic transformation 341-42 Soviet Union 26, 29, 31, 42, 44-45, 48-49, 70,123, 222, 246, 298, 34142, 350,404-05,437,449, 467, 483-84,486,492, 503 stakeholder involvement 158,281, 439,467 stakeholder participation 440 521 Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG) 204 state 13-14,28,30,33,41,46,50, 57, 65-68, 70-72, 74-75, 79, 8687, 89, 99,106,110,123,125-26, 130-33, 140, 142,145-46, 148, 151,155,163,169-72,174,176, 182,184,193-99, 202,205-07, 211, 215-16, 221, 223-25, 229-30, 232, 234-35, 238, 243-45, 247-48, 250, 252-54, 256-57,260, 263, 265-66, 272,
275-76,278-81, 284-85, 298-99, 316, 318, 325, 328, 331, 338, 341, 343-44, 348, 350-51, 354, 356-57, 360-61, 369-73, 375-76, 378, 382-84, 387, 401,404-05,408-10,415,427, 430-31,437-38, 440,447,452, 459, 463-67,471,473,478,48084,492-95, 498 - developmental state 50 - welfare state 32, 34,42,48, 90, 142, 258, 380,460 stredná odborná škola (SOŠ)/ lyceum, secondary technical school 25 stredné odborné učilište (SOU)/ vocational secondary schools 26 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) 26 TACIS (Technical Assistance to the Commonwealth of Independent States) 26,486 Tadzhikistan 486 Total Factor Productivity (TFP) 26,308 trade unions 15,38,42,70,76,8488, 90,108,132,152-53, 250-51,
522 257, 259, 266, 275-76, 280, 283, 303, 305,319, 331-32, 336, 343-44, 349, 355-56, 369, 372-81, 383-84, 387, 389, 391, 393, 405, 415, 442, 453,481-82,495-96, 509 transnational companies (TNC) 385 tripartite structures 86, 381, 385 Turkmenistan 486 Ukraine 10, 14-16, 29, 37, 61, 84, 141, 263, 341-51, 353-66, 373, 375, 377-78, 382-84, 393, 396, 405,407-08, 413, 415,437, 443, 445,448,465, 467,486-87,49596, 501, 507 under-employment 35, 297, 302, 370 unemployment 11, ЗО, 35,40, 75, 77, 79,102, 123,127,130,139, 141,151,157,165,186,194-95, 197, 201, 209, 224, 227-30, 235, 244, 252, 280, 284, 286, 293, 297, 299-300, 309, 319, 326, 329, 331, 343, 364, 377-79, 381, 396,40305,407,427,463, 465-66,477-78, 485,491,493 - structural unemployment 37,40, 82, 87, 248, 298 - unemployment rate 10-11, 35, 79, 128,165, 209, 300-01, 309, 330 - youth unemployment 22728, 396 United Kingdom (UK) 26 Index United Nations (UN) 358 - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 26 university 9,47,117,125,129, 146-47,169-70,173-74,185,196, 2 09, 246, 251, 272, 299, 302, 306, 3 10, 322, 324, 334, 338, 351,409, 466,468 Uzbekistan 486 vocational education and training (VET) - continuing vocational education and training (CVET) 21 - dual vocational education and training 221, 387 - initial vocational education and training (IVET) 23, 117, 315, 478 - technical vocational education and training 26 - vocational basic education 106 vocational examination - vocational examination requirements 26 vocational guidance 44,288, 303, 348 vocationalization - de-vocationalization
46,143,149, 395,402,404-08 - re-vocationalization 407-08 World Bank (WB) 124 |
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| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author2 | Tūtlys, Vidmantas Markowitsch, Jörg ca. 20./21. Jh Winterton, Jonathan 1951- Pavlin, Samo |
| author2_role | edt edt edt edt |
| author2_variant | v t vt j m jm j w jw s p sp |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1250461200 (DE-588)1012099067 (DE-588)170650278 |
| author_facet | Tūtlys, Vidmantas Markowitsch, Jörg ca. 20./21. Jh Winterton, Jonathan 1951- Pavlin, Samo |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048414962 |
| classification_rvk | MG 80010 NQ 8273 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1335127302 (DE-599)DNB1263680674 |
| discipline | Politologie Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Politologie Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1990- gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1990- |
| format | Book |
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| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Osteuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV048414962 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T20:26:17Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:37:34Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)1065711506 |
| isbn | 9783631810927 363181092X |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033793359 |
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| physical | 522 Seiten Diagramme |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20230614 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Peter Lang |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Neue Denkansätze in den Bildungs- und Sozialwissenschaften |
| series2 | Neue Denkansätze in den Bildungs- und Sozialwissenschaften |
| spelling | Skill formation in Central and Eastern Europe a search for patterns and directions of development Vidmantas Tūtlys, Jörg Markowitsch, Jonathan Winterton, Samo Pavlin (editors) Berlin ; Bern ; Bruxelles Peter Lang [2022] © 2022 522 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Neue Denkansätze in den Bildungs- und Sozialwissenschaften Band 40 Geschichte 1990- gnd rswk-swf Berufsbildungssystem (DE-588)4144759-1 gnd rswk-swf Qualifikationsforschung (DE-588)4176582-5 gnd rswk-swf Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd rswk-swf skill formation central eastern europe patterns directions development (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 g Berufsbildungssystem (DE-588)4144759-1 s Qualifikationsforschung (DE-588)4176582-5 s Geschichte 1990- z DE-604 Tūtlys, Vidmantas (DE-588)1250461200 edt Markowitsch, Jörg ca. 20./21. Jh. (DE-588)1012099067 edt Winterton, Jonathan 1951- (DE-588)170650278 edt Pavlin, Samo edt Peter Lang GmbH (DE-588)1065711506 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-3-631-88107-1 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-3-631-88108-8 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, MOBI 978-3-631-88109-5 Neue Denkansätze in den Bildungs- und Sozialwissenschaften Band 40 (DE-604)BV049039131 40 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=6bd2674a189542a79402fbd4d4ae893d&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext X:MVB https://www.peterlang.com/document/1263926 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033793359&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033793359&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register 1\p vlb 20220727 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#vlb |
| spellingShingle | Skill formation in Central and Eastern Europe a search for patterns and directions of development Neue Denkansätze in den Bildungs- und Sozialwissenschaften Berufsbildungssystem (DE-588)4144759-1 gnd Qualifikationsforschung (DE-588)4176582-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4144759-1 (DE-588)4176582-5 (DE-588)4075739-0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Skill formation in Central and Eastern Europe a search for patterns and directions of development |
| title_auth | Skill formation in Central and Eastern Europe a search for patterns and directions of development |
| title_exact_search | Skill formation in Central and Eastern Europe a search for patterns and directions of development |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Skill formation in Central and Eastern Europe a search for patterns and directions of development |
| title_full | Skill formation in Central and Eastern Europe a search for patterns and directions of development Vidmantas Tūtlys, Jörg Markowitsch, Jonathan Winterton, Samo Pavlin (editors) |
| title_fullStr | Skill formation in Central and Eastern Europe a search for patterns and directions of development Vidmantas Tūtlys, Jörg Markowitsch, Jonathan Winterton, Samo Pavlin (editors) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Skill formation in Central and Eastern Europe a search for patterns and directions of development Vidmantas Tūtlys, Jörg Markowitsch, Jonathan Winterton, Samo Pavlin (editors) |
| title_short | Skill formation in Central and Eastern Europe |
| title_sort | skill formation in central and eastern europe a search for patterns and directions of development |
| title_sub | a search for patterns and directions of development |
| topic | Berufsbildungssystem (DE-588)4144759-1 gnd Qualifikationsforschung (DE-588)4176582-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Berufsbildungssystem Qualifikationsforschung Osteuropa Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=6bd2674a189542a79402fbd4d4ae893d&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm https://www.peterlang.com/document/1263926 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033793359&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033793359&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV049039131 |
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