Circuits, packets, and protocols: entrepreneurs and computer communications, 1968-1988
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
[New York, New York]
Association for Computing Machinery
[2022]
|
| Ausgabe: | First edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | ACM books
40 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xlv, 577 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781450397278 9781450397261 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 020 | |a 9781450397278 |q pbk. |9 978-1-4503-9727-8 | ||
| 020 | |a 9781450397261 |q hbk. |9 978-1-4503-9726-1 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1346084432 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Pelkey, James L. |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)126812186X |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Circuits, packets, and protocols |b entrepreneurs and computer communications, 1968-1988 |c James L. Pelkey ; Andrew L. Russell ; Loring G. Robbins |
| 250 | |a First edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a [New York, New York] |b Association for Computing Machinery |c [2022] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c ©2022 | |
| 300 | |a xlv, 577 Seiten |b Illustrationen |c 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a ACM books |v 40 | |
| 505 | 8 | |a Introduction -- Three Themes -- Sources and Methods -- Market-Structures -- Three Market-Structures at the Intersections of Communications and Computing, 1968-1988 -- Why Do These Stories Matter? | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 1 Prelude to Change: Data Communications, 1949-1968 -- 1.1 Overview -- 1.2 AT&T, The Regulated Monopoly -- 1.3 IBM -- 1.4 New Technologies for Computing -- 1.5 Venture Capital and Public Capital Markets -- 1.6 The Early Entrepreneurs of Data Communications -- 1.7 Emergence of the Data Communications Market-Structure -- 1.8 In Perspective | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 2 Onset of Competition: Data Communications, 1968-1972 -- 2.1 Overview -- 2.2 Government and AT&T -- 2.3 IBM and Computing -- 2.4 Early Data Communications Leaders: 1968-1969 -- 2.5 A Swarm of Data Communications Start-ups: 1968-1970 -- 2.6 1970: A Pivotal Year for Codex and ADS -- 2.7 The Creation of the IDCMA -- 2.8 Strategic Partnerships in the Data Communications Market-Structure: 1971-1972 -- 2.9 Data Communications Market-Structure -- 2.10 In Perspective | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 3 Packet Switching and ARPANET: Networking, 1959-1972 -- 3.1 Overview -- 3.2 The Intergalactic Network -- 3.3 ARPANET: The Planning Phase -- 3.4 ARPANET: Design, Implementation, and Administration -- 3.5 Uncertainty and the Emergence of a Dominant Design, 1969-1972 -- 3.6 ARPANET Meets the Public: ICCC Demonstration, 1972 -- 3.7 In Perspective | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 4 Market Order: Data Communications, 1973-1979 -- 4.1 Overview -- 4.2 Regulatory Challenges to IBM and AT&T -- 4.3 Data Communications Market Leaders in the Early 1970s -- 4.4 The Swarm of Data Communications Firms, 1976-1979 -- 4.5 Micom's Breakout Product, 1976-1979 -- 4.6 Market Leaders Are Acquired -- 4.7 The Data Communications Market-Structure: Market Disruption -- 4.8 In Perspective | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 5 Protocol Confusion: Networking, 1972-1979 -- 5.1 Overview -- 5.2 Commercializing ARPANET, 1972-1975 -- 5.3 Packet Radio and Robert Kahn, 1972-1974 -- 5.4 The CYCLADES Network and Louis Pouzin, 1971-1972 -- 5.5 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), 1973-19765.5 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), 1973-1976 -- 5.6 A Proliferation of Communication Projects -- 5.7 In Perspective | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 6 Emergence of Local Area Networks: Networking, 1976-1981 -- 6.1 Overview -- 6.2 Early Networking Pioneers -- 6.3 Select Computer Companies Introduce LANs, 1976-1978 -- 6.4 Early LAN Start-ups -- 6.5 Data Communications Companies Respond with the Data PBX -- 6.6 Early LAN Start-ups Struggle, 1980-1981 -- 6.7 The Emergence of the Networking Market-Structure -- 6.8 In Perspective | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 7 The Chaos of Competition: Networking, 1981-1982 -- 7.1 Overview -- 7.2 The Office of the Future, the PBX to CBX, and AT&T -- 7.3 Early LAN Start-ups, 1981 -- 7.4 Emerging LAN Competition, 1981 -- 7.5 The Data Communication Competitors, 1981-1982 -- 7.6 A Second Wave of LAN Competition, 1982 -- 7.7 The Settlement of the AT&T and IBM Antitrust Lawsuits -- 7.8 IBM Antitrust Suit -- 7.9 Ethernet Chips, Boundless Hope and Market Confusion -- 7.10 LAN Market-Structure, 1981-1982 -- 7.11 In Perspective | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 8 The Need for Standards: Networking, 1975-1984 -- 8.1 Overview -- 8.2 IEEE Committee 802: The Battle for LAN Standards -- 8.3 DIX -- 8.4 IEEE Committee 802 and DIX -- 8.5 Networking Strategy at Xerox: 1979-1981 -- 8.6 ISO/OSI (Open Systems Interconnection): 1979-1982 -- 8.7 The LAN and OSI Standards Efforts Meet -- 8.8 The Emergence of a Dominant Design: 1983-1984 -- 8.9 In Perspective | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 9 Market Order: Networking, 1983-1986 -- 9.1 Overview -- 9.2 The Established Powers -- 9.3 The Leading LAN start-ups, 1983-1986 -- 9.4 Other LAN start-ups -- 9.5 The Data Communication Competitors, 1983-1984 -- 9.6 New Data PBX Competitors -- 9.7 LAN and Data Communications Market-Structures, 1985-1986 -- 9.8 In Perspective | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 10 Adaptation of Wide Area Networks: Data Communications, 1979-1986 -- 10.1 Overview -- 10.2 The Revolution of Digital Transmission, 1982-1984 -- 10.3 The T1 Multiplexer -- 10.4 The Beginnings of "Be Your Own Bell" -- 10.5 Data Communications: First Signs of Digital Networks, 1982-1985 -- 10.6 Entrepreneurs: The T1 Start-ups, 1982-1985 -- 10.7 Market Analysis: Samples of Expert Opinions, 1984-1987 -- 10.8 Data Communications: Wide Area Networks, 1985-1988 -- 10.9 In Perspective | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 11 Market Consolidation: Data Communications and Networking, 1986-1988 -- 11.1 Overview -- 11.2 Data Communications: Firms Adapting or Dying? 1987-1988 -- 11.3 Other Data Communications Companies -- 11.4 Networking: Firms Responding to Market Consolidation, 1987-1988 -- 11.5 Other LAN Companies -- 11.6 Summary of the Data Communications Market-Structure -- 11.7 Summary of the Networking Market-Structure -- 11.8 In Perspective | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 12 Government Support for Internetworking, 1983-1988 -- 12.1 Overview -- 12.2 TCP/IP Internet -- 12.3 OSI's Champions in US Federal Agencies -- 12.4 In Perspective | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 13 The Emergence of Internetworking, 1985-1988 -- 13.1 Overview -- 13.2 Interconnecting Local Area Networks -- 13.3 Internetworking: Entrepreneurs and Start-ups, 1985-1988 -- 13.4 Internetworking: Public Demonstrations in 1988 -- 13.5 Internetworking Market-Structure -- 13.6 In Perspective | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 14 Conclusions -- 14.1 Summary of Market-Structures, 1968-1988 -- 14.2 Internetworking, 1988-2020 -- 14.3 Three Themes -- 14.4 Final Thoughts | |
| 505 | 8 | |a Appendix B Bibliography -- Selected Data and Source Material -- Selected References | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1968-1988 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Unternehmen |0 (DE-588)4061963-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Datenaustausch |0 (DE-588)4227289-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Computerunterstützte Kommunikation |0 (DE-588)4535905-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Rechnernetz |0 (DE-588)4070085-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 653 | 0 | |a Computer networks | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Computer Communication Networks | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Réseaux d'ordinateurs | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Computer networks | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Unternehmen |0 (DE-588)4061963-1 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Datenaustausch |0 (DE-588)4227289-0 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Rechnernetz |0 (DE-588)4070085-9 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Computerunterstützte Kommunikation |0 (DE-588)4535905-2 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1968-1988 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Russell, Andrew L. |d 1975- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1053806868 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Robbins, Loring G |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1268121959 |4 aut | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe, epub |z 978-1-4503-9728-5 |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe, ebook |z 978-1-4503-9729-2 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804184290432385024 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1
LIST
OF
FIGURES
XVII
LIST
OF
TABLES
XXI
LIST
OF
ACRONYMS
XXIII
PREFACE
AND
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
XXIX
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
XXXIII
INTRODUCTION
1
THREE
THEMES
2
SOURCES
AND
METHODS 6
MARKET-STRUCTURES 11
THREE
MARKET-STRUCTURES
AT
THE
INTERSECTIONS
OF
COMMUNICATIONS
AND
COMPUTING, 1968-1988 16
WHY
DO THESE
STORIES MATTER? 20
PRELUDE TO
CHANGE: DATA
COMMUNICATIONS,
1949-1968
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
OVERVIEW 23
AT&T, THE REGULATED
MONOPOLY
IBM 34
NEW
TECHNOLOGIES
FOR
COMPUTING
40
VENTURE
CAPITAL
AND
PUBLIC
CAPITAL
MARKETS
24
48
23
THE
EARLY
ENTREPRENEURS
OF
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS 51
EMERGENCE
OF
THE
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS MARKET-STRUCTURE
57
IN
PERSPECTIVE 57
$
BIIOTHEK
DEUTSCHES
MUSEUM
HLUENCHE A
XII
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 2
ONSET
OF
COMPETITION:
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS,
1968-1972
59
2.1
OVERVIEW
59
2.2
GOVERNMENT
AND
AT&T
60
2.3
IBM
AND
COMPUTING
69
2.4
EARLY DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
LEADERS: 1968-1969
75
2.5
A SWARM
OF
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
START-UPS:
1968-1970
81
2.6
1970:
A PIVOTAL YEAR
FOR
CODEX
AND
ADS
85
2.7
THE
CREATION
OF
THE
IDCMA
91
2.8
STRATEGIC
PARTNERSHIPS
IN
THE
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
MARKET-STRUCTURE:
1971-1972
94
2.9
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS MARKET-STRUCTURE
96
2.10
IN PERSPECTIVE
98
CHAPTER
3
PACKET
SWITCHING
AND
ARPANET: NETWORKING, 1959-1972
101
3.1
OVERVIEW
101
3.2
THE INTERGALACTIC NETWORK
102
3.3
ARPANET: THE PLANNING PHASE
112
3.4
ARPANET: DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION,
AND
ADMINISTRATION
121
3.5
UNCERTAINTY
AND
THE
EMERGENCE
OF
A
DOMINANT DESIGN, 1969-1972
132
3.6
ARPANET
MEETS
THE
PUBLIC: ICCC DEMONSTRATION, 1972 137
3.7
IN
PERSPECTIVE
142
CHAPTER 4
MARKET
ORDER:
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS, 1973-1979
145
4.1
OVERVIEW
145
4.2
REGULATORY
CHALLENGES
TO
IBM
AND
AT&T
146
4.3
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS MARKET LEADERS
IN
THE
EARLY 1970S
151
4.4
THE
SWARM
OF
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
FIRMS, 1976-1979
163
4.5
MICOM S
BREAKOUT PRODUCT, 1976-1979 174
4.6
MARKET LEADERS
ARE ACQUIRED
181
4.7
THE DATA
COMMUNICATIONS MARKET-STRUCTURE:
MARKET DISRUPTION
183
4.8
IN PERSPECTIVE
186
CHAPTER 5
PROTOCOL
CONFUSION: NETWORKING, 1972-1979
189
5.1
OVERVIEW
189
5.2
COMMERCIALIZING
ARPANET, 1972-1975
190
5.3
PACKET RADIO
AND
ROBERT
KAHN, 1972-1974 194
5.4
THE
CYCLADES NETWORK
AND
LOUIS
POUZIN, 1971-1972
195
5.5
TRANSMISSION
CONTROL PROTOCOL
(TCP),
1973-1976
200
5.6
A PROLIFERATION
OF
COMMUNICATION PROJECTS 203
5.7
IN PERSPECTIVE
235
CONTENTS
ALL
CHAPTER
6
EMERGENCE
OF
LOCAL
AREA NETWORKS:
NETWORKING,
1976-1981
237
6.1
OVERVIEW
237
6.2
EARLY NETWORKING
PIONEERS
238
6.3
SELECT COMPUTER
COMPANIES
INTRODUCE
LANS, 1976-1978 238
6.4
EARLY LAN
START-UPS
249
6.5
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
COMPANIES
RESPOND
WITH
THE
DATA PBX
260
6.6
EARLY
LAN
START-UPS STRUGGLE, 1980-1981
264
6.7
THE
EMERGENCE
OF
THE
NETWORKING MARKET-STRUCTURE 268
6.8
IN PERSPECTIVE
269
CHAPTER
7
THE
CHAOS
OF
COMPETITION:
NETWORKING, 1981-1982 271
7.1
OVERVIEW
271
7.2
THE
OFFICE
OF
THE
FUTURE,
THE
PBX
TO
CBX,
AND
AT&T
272
7.3
EARLY LAN
START-UPS, 1981
279
7.4
EMERGING
LAN
COMPETITION, 1981 286
7.5
THE DATA
COMMUNICATION COMPETITORS, 1981-1982 295
7.6
A
SECOND
WAVE
OF
LAN
COMPETITION,
1982 298
7.7
THE
SETTLEMENT
OF
THE
AT&T
AND
IBM
ANTITRUST
LAWSUITS 300
7.8
IBM
ANTITRUST
SUIT
302
7.9
ETHERNET
CHIPS,
BOUNDLESS
HOPE
AND
MARKET
CONFUSION
303
7.10
LAN
MARKET-STRUCTURE,
1981-1982
304
7.11
IN PERSPECTIVE 306
CHAPTER
8
THE NEED
FOR
STANDARDS: NETWORKING, 1975-1984 309
8.1
OVERVIEW
309
8.2
IEEE
COMMITTEE
802:
THE BATTLE
FOR
LAN
STANDARDS
311
8.3
DIX 315
8.4
IEEE
COMMITTEE 802
AND
DIX
318
8.5
NETWORKING
STRATEGY
AT
XEROX: 1979-1981
331
8.6
ISO/OSI
(OPEN
SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION): 1979-1982
333
8.7
THE
LAN
AND
OSI STANDARDS EFFORTS
MEET
340
8.8
THE
EMERGENCE
OF A
DOMINANT DESIGN:
1983-1984
342
8.9
IN
PERSPECTIVE 346
CHAPTER
9
MARKET
ORDER:
NETWORKING, 1983-1986 349
9.1
OVERVIEW
349
9.2
THE ESTABLISHED
POWERS
350
9.3
THE LEADING
LAN
START-UPS,
1983-1986 355
9.4
OTHER LAN
START-UPS
369
XIV
CONTENTS
9.5 THE DATA
COMMUNICATION
COMPETITORS,
1983-1984
382
9.6
NEW DATA
PBX
COMPETITORS
388
9.7
LAN
AND
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
MARKET-STRUCTURES,
1985-1986
390
9.8 IN PERSPECTIVE
393
CHAPTER 10
ADAPTATION
OF
WIDE AREA
NETWORKS:
DATA COMMUNICATIONS,
1979-1986
395
10.1
OVERVIEW
395
10.2
THE REVOLUTION
OF
DIGITAL
TRANSMISSION,
1982-1984
396
10.3
THE T1 MULTIPLEXER
398
10.4 THE BEGINNINGS
OF
BE
YOUR OWN
BELL
398
10.5
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS:
FIRST SIGNS
OF
DIGITAL
NETWORKS,
1982-1985
400
10.6
ENTREPRENEURS:
THE TI START-UPS,
1982-1985
407
10.7
MARKET ANALYSIS: SAMPLES
OF
EXPERT OPINIONS,
1984-1987
419
10.8
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS:
WIDE AREA
NETWORKS,
1985-1988
422
10.9
IN PERSPECTIVE
429
CHAPTER
11
MARKET CONSOLIDATION:
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
AND
NETWORKING,
1986-1988
431
11.1
OVERVIEW
431
11.2
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS:
FIRMS ADAPTING
OR
DYING? 1987-1988
432
11.3
OTHER
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
COMPANIES
439
11.4
NETWORKING: FIRMS
RESPONDING
TO
MARKET CONSOLIDATION,
1987-1988 441
11.5
OTHER
LAN
COMPANIES
450
11.6
SUMMARY
OF
THE
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
MARKET-STRUCTURE
455
11.7
SUMMARY
OF
THE
NETWORKING
MARKET-STRUCTURE
457
11.8
IN PERSPECTIVE
459
CHAPTER
12
GOVERNMENT
SUPPORT
FOR
INTERNETWORKING,
1983-1988
461
12.1
OVERVIEW
461
12.2
TCP/IP INTERNET
462
12.3
OSI S CHAMPIONS
IN
US FEDERAL AGENCIES
471
12.4
IN PERSPECTIVE
483
CHAPTER
13
THE
EMERGENCE
OF
INTERNETWORKING,
1985-1988
485
13.1
OVERVIEW
485
13.2
INTERCONNECTING
LOCAL
AREA
NETWORKS
486
13.3
INTERNETWORKING:
ENTREPRENEURS
AND
START-UPS,
1985-1988
492
13.4
INTERNETWORKING:
PUBLIC DEMONSTRATIONS
IN
1988
506
CONTENTS
XV
1.3.5
INTERNETWORKING
MARKET-STRUCTURE
513
13.6
IN
PERSPECTIVE
515
CHAPTER
14
CONCLUSIONS
519
14.1
SUMMARY
OF
MARKET-STRUCTURES,
1968-1988
520
14.2
INTERNETWORKING,
1988-2020
522
14.3
THREE
THEMES
525
14.4 FINAL THOUGHTS
529
APPENDIX
A
LIST
OF
INTERVIEWS
533
APPENDIX
B
BIBLIOGRAPHY
539
SELECTED
DATA
AND
SOURCE
MATERIAL
539
SELECTED
REFERENCES
539
APPENDIX
C
TIMELINE
549
AUTHOR
BIOGRAPHIES
553
INDEX
555
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1
LIST
OF
FIGURES
XVII
LIST
OF
TABLES
XXI
LIST
OF
ACRONYMS
XXIII
PREFACE
AND
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
XXIX
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
XXXIII
INTRODUCTION
1
THREE
THEMES
2
SOURCES
AND
METHODS 6
MARKET-STRUCTURES 11
THREE
MARKET-STRUCTURES
AT
THE
INTERSECTIONS
OF
COMMUNICATIONS
AND
COMPUTING, 1968-1988 16
WHY
DO THESE
STORIES MATTER? 20
PRELUDE TO
CHANGE: DATA
COMMUNICATIONS,
1949-1968
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
OVERVIEW 23
AT&T, THE REGULATED
MONOPOLY
IBM 34
NEW
TECHNOLOGIES
FOR
COMPUTING
40
VENTURE
CAPITAL
AND
PUBLIC
CAPITAL
MARKETS
24
48
23
THE
EARLY
ENTREPRENEURS
OF
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS 51
EMERGENCE
OF
THE
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS MARKET-STRUCTURE
57
IN
PERSPECTIVE 57
$
BIIOTHEK
DEUTSCHES
MUSEUM
HLUENCHE'A
XII
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 2
ONSET
OF
COMPETITION:
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS,
1968-1972
59
2.1
OVERVIEW
59
2.2
GOVERNMENT
AND
AT&T
60
2.3
IBM
AND
COMPUTING
69
2.4
EARLY DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
LEADERS: 1968-1969
75
2.5
A SWARM
OF
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
START-UPS:
1968-1970
81
2.6
1970:
A PIVOTAL YEAR
FOR
CODEX
AND
ADS
85
2.7
THE
CREATION
OF
THE
IDCMA
91
2.8
STRATEGIC
PARTNERSHIPS
IN
THE
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
MARKET-STRUCTURE:
1971-1972
94
2.9
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS MARKET-STRUCTURE
96
2.10
IN PERSPECTIVE
98
CHAPTER
3
PACKET
SWITCHING
AND
ARPANET: NETWORKING, 1959-1972
101
3.1
OVERVIEW
101
3.2
THE INTERGALACTIC NETWORK
102
3.3
ARPANET: THE PLANNING PHASE
112
3.4
ARPANET: DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION,
AND
ADMINISTRATION
121
3.5
UNCERTAINTY
AND
THE
EMERGENCE
OF
A
DOMINANT DESIGN, 1969-1972
132
3.6
ARPANET
MEETS
THE
PUBLIC: ICCC DEMONSTRATION, 1972 137
3.7
IN
PERSPECTIVE
142
CHAPTER 4
MARKET
ORDER:
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS, 1973-1979
145
4.1
OVERVIEW
145
4.2
REGULATORY
CHALLENGES
TO
IBM
AND
AT&T
146
4.3
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS MARKET LEADERS
IN
THE
EARLY 1970S
151
4.4
THE
SWARM
OF
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
FIRMS, 1976-1979
163
4.5
MICOM'S
BREAKOUT PRODUCT, 1976-1979 174
4.6
MARKET LEADERS
ARE ACQUIRED
181
4.7
THE DATA
COMMUNICATIONS MARKET-STRUCTURE:
MARKET DISRUPTION
183
4.8
IN PERSPECTIVE
186
CHAPTER 5
PROTOCOL
CONFUSION: NETWORKING, 1972-1979
189
5.1
OVERVIEW
189
5.2
COMMERCIALIZING
ARPANET, 1972-1975
190
5.3
PACKET RADIO
AND
ROBERT
KAHN, 1972-1974 194
5.4
THE
CYCLADES NETWORK
AND
LOUIS
POUZIN, 1971-1972
195
5.5
TRANSMISSION
CONTROL PROTOCOL
(TCP),
1973-1976
200
5.6
A PROLIFERATION
OF
COMMUNICATION PROJECTS 203
5.7
IN PERSPECTIVE
235
CONTENTS
ALL
CHAPTER
6
EMERGENCE
OF
LOCAL
AREA NETWORKS:
NETWORKING,
1976-1981
237
6.1
OVERVIEW
237
6.2
EARLY NETWORKING
PIONEERS
238
6.3
SELECT COMPUTER
COMPANIES
INTRODUCE
LANS, 1976-1978 238
6.4
EARLY LAN
START-UPS
249
6.5
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
COMPANIES
RESPOND
WITH
THE
DATA PBX
260
6.6
EARLY
LAN
START-UPS STRUGGLE, 1980-1981
264
6.7
THE
EMERGENCE
OF
THE
NETWORKING MARKET-STRUCTURE 268
6.8
IN PERSPECTIVE
269
CHAPTER
7
THE
CHAOS
OF
COMPETITION:
NETWORKING, 1981-1982 271
7.1
OVERVIEW
271
7.2
THE
OFFICE
OF
THE
FUTURE,
THE
PBX
TO
CBX,
AND
AT&T
272
7.3
EARLY LAN
START-UPS, 1981
279
7.4
EMERGING
LAN
COMPETITION, 1981 286
7.5
THE DATA
COMMUNICATION COMPETITORS, 1981-1982 295
7.6
A
SECOND
WAVE
OF
LAN
COMPETITION,
1982 298
7.7
THE
SETTLEMENT
OF
THE
AT&T
AND
IBM
ANTITRUST
LAWSUITS 300
7.8
IBM
ANTITRUST
SUIT
302
7.9
ETHERNET
CHIPS,
BOUNDLESS
HOPE
AND
MARKET
CONFUSION
303
7.10
LAN
MARKET-STRUCTURE,
1981-1982
304
7.11
IN PERSPECTIVE 306
CHAPTER
8
THE NEED
FOR
STANDARDS: NETWORKING, 1975-1984 309
8.1
OVERVIEW
309
8.2
IEEE
COMMITTEE
802:
THE BATTLE
FOR
LAN
STANDARDS
311
8.3
DIX 315
8.4
IEEE
COMMITTEE 802
AND
DIX
318
8.5
NETWORKING
STRATEGY
AT
XEROX: 1979-1981
331
8.6
ISO/OSI
(OPEN
SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION): 1979-1982
333
8.7
THE
LAN
AND
OSI STANDARDS EFFORTS
MEET
340
8.8
THE
EMERGENCE
OF A
DOMINANT DESIGN:
1983-1984
342
8.9
IN
PERSPECTIVE 346
CHAPTER
9
MARKET
ORDER:
NETWORKING, 1983-1986 349
9.1
OVERVIEW
349
9.2
THE ESTABLISHED
POWERS
350
9.3
THE LEADING
LAN
START-UPS,
1983-1986 355
9.4
OTHER LAN
START-UPS
369
XIV
CONTENTS
9.5 THE DATA
COMMUNICATION
COMPETITORS,
1983-1984
382
9.6
NEW DATA
PBX
COMPETITORS
388
9.7
LAN
AND
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
MARKET-STRUCTURES,
1985-1986
390
9.8 IN PERSPECTIVE
393
CHAPTER 10
ADAPTATION
OF
WIDE AREA
NETWORKS:
DATA COMMUNICATIONS,
1979-1986
395
10.1
OVERVIEW
395
10.2
THE REVOLUTION
OF
DIGITAL
TRANSMISSION,
1982-1984
396
10.3
THE T1 MULTIPLEXER
398
10.4 THE BEGINNINGS
OF
"BE
YOUR OWN
BELL"
398
10.5
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS:
FIRST SIGNS
OF
DIGITAL
NETWORKS,
1982-1985
400
10.6
ENTREPRENEURS:
THE TI START-UPS,
1982-1985
407
10.7
MARKET ANALYSIS: SAMPLES
OF
EXPERT OPINIONS,
1984-1987
419
10.8
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS:
WIDE AREA
NETWORKS,
1985-1988
422
10.9
IN PERSPECTIVE
429
CHAPTER
11
MARKET CONSOLIDATION:
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
AND
NETWORKING,
1986-1988
431
11.1
OVERVIEW
431
11.2
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS:
FIRMS ADAPTING
OR
DYING? 1987-1988
432
11.3
OTHER
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
COMPANIES
439
11.4
NETWORKING: FIRMS
RESPONDING
TO
MARKET CONSOLIDATION,
1987-1988 441
11.5
OTHER
LAN
COMPANIES
450
11.6
SUMMARY
OF
THE
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
MARKET-STRUCTURE
455
11.7
SUMMARY
OF
THE
NETWORKING
MARKET-STRUCTURE
457
11.8
IN PERSPECTIVE
459
CHAPTER
12
GOVERNMENT
SUPPORT
FOR
INTERNETWORKING,
1983-1988
461
12.1
OVERVIEW
461
12.2
TCP/IP INTERNET
462
12.3
OSI'S CHAMPIONS
IN
US FEDERAL AGENCIES
471
12.4
IN PERSPECTIVE
483
CHAPTER
13
THE
EMERGENCE
OF
INTERNETWORKING,
1985-1988
485
13.1
OVERVIEW
485
13.2
INTERCONNECTING
LOCAL
AREA
NETWORKS
486
13.3
INTERNETWORKING:
ENTREPRENEURS
AND
START-UPS,
1985-1988
492
13.4
INTERNETWORKING:
PUBLIC DEMONSTRATIONS
IN
1988
506
CONTENTS
XV
1.3.5
INTERNETWORKING
MARKET-STRUCTURE
513
13.6
IN
PERSPECTIVE
515
CHAPTER
14
CONCLUSIONS
519
14.1
SUMMARY
OF
MARKET-STRUCTURES,
1968-1988
520
14.2
INTERNETWORKING,
1988-2020
522
14.3
THREE
THEMES
525
14.4 FINAL THOUGHTS
529
APPENDIX
A
LIST
OF
INTERVIEWS
533
APPENDIX
B
BIBLIOGRAPHY
539
SELECTED
DATA
AND
SOURCE
MATERIAL
539
SELECTED
REFERENCES
539
APPENDIX
C
TIMELINE
549
AUTHOR
BIOGRAPHIES
553
INDEX
555 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Pelkey, James L. Russell, Andrew L. 1975- Robbins, Loring G |
| author_GND | (DE-588)126812186X (DE-588)1053806868 (DE-588)1268121959 |
| author_facet | Pelkey, James L. Russell, Andrew L. 1975- Robbins, Loring G |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Pelkey, James L. |
| author_variant | j l p jl jlp a l r al alr l g r lg lgr |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048395888 |
| contents | Introduction -- Three Themes -- Sources and Methods -- Market-Structures -- Three Market-Structures at the Intersections of Communications and Computing, 1968-1988 -- Why Do These Stories Matter? 1 Prelude to Change: Data Communications, 1949-1968 -- 1.1 Overview -- 1.2 AT&T, The Regulated Monopoly -- 1.3 IBM -- 1.4 New Technologies for Computing -- 1.5 Venture Capital and Public Capital Markets -- 1.6 The Early Entrepreneurs of Data Communications -- 1.7 Emergence of the Data Communications Market-Structure -- 1.8 In Perspective 2 Onset of Competition: Data Communications, 1968-1972 -- 2.1 Overview -- 2.2 Government and AT&T -- 2.3 IBM and Computing -- 2.4 Early Data Communications Leaders: 1968-1969 -- 2.5 A Swarm of Data Communications Start-ups: 1968-1970 -- 2.6 1970: A Pivotal Year for Codex and ADS -- 2.7 The Creation of the IDCMA -- 2.8 Strategic Partnerships in the Data Communications Market-Structure: 1971-1972 -- 2.9 Data Communications Market-Structure -- 2.10 In Perspective 3 Packet Switching and ARPANET: Networking, 1959-1972 -- 3.1 Overview -- 3.2 The Intergalactic Network -- 3.3 ARPANET: The Planning Phase -- 3.4 ARPANET: Design, Implementation, and Administration -- 3.5 Uncertainty and the Emergence of a Dominant Design, 1969-1972 -- 3.6 ARPANET Meets the Public: ICCC Demonstration, 1972 -- 3.7 In Perspective 4 Market Order: Data Communications, 1973-1979 -- 4.1 Overview -- 4.2 Regulatory Challenges to IBM and AT&T -- 4.3 Data Communications Market Leaders in the Early 1970s -- 4.4 The Swarm of Data Communications Firms, 1976-1979 -- 4.5 Micom's Breakout Product, 1976-1979 -- 4.6 Market Leaders Are Acquired -- 4.7 The Data Communications Market-Structure: Market Disruption -- 4.8 In Perspective 5 Protocol Confusion: Networking, 1972-1979 -- 5.1 Overview -- 5.2 Commercializing ARPANET, 1972-1975 -- 5.3 Packet Radio and Robert Kahn, 1972-1974 -- 5.4 The CYCLADES Network and Louis Pouzin, 1971-1972 -- 5.5 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), 1973-19765.5 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), 1973-1976 -- 5.6 A Proliferation of Communication Projects -- 5.7 In Perspective 6 Emergence of Local Area Networks: Networking, 1976-1981 -- 6.1 Overview -- 6.2 Early Networking Pioneers -- 6.3 Select Computer Companies Introduce LANs, 1976-1978 -- 6.4 Early LAN Start-ups -- 6.5 Data Communications Companies Respond with the Data PBX -- 6.6 Early LAN Start-ups Struggle, 1980-1981 -- 6.7 The Emergence of the Networking Market-Structure -- 6.8 In Perspective 7 The Chaos of Competition: Networking, 1981-1982 -- 7.1 Overview -- 7.2 The Office of the Future, the PBX to CBX, and AT&T -- 7.3 Early LAN Start-ups, 1981 -- 7.4 Emerging LAN Competition, 1981 -- 7.5 The Data Communication Competitors, 1981-1982 -- 7.6 A Second Wave of LAN Competition, 1982 -- 7.7 The Settlement of the AT&T and IBM Antitrust Lawsuits -- 7.8 IBM Antitrust Suit -- 7.9 Ethernet Chips, Boundless Hope and Market Confusion -- 7.10 LAN Market-Structure, 1981-1982 -- 7.11 In Perspective 8 The Need for Standards: Networking, 1975-1984 -- 8.1 Overview -- 8.2 IEEE Committee 802: The Battle for LAN Standards -- 8.3 DIX -- 8.4 IEEE Committee 802 and DIX -- 8.5 Networking Strategy at Xerox: 1979-1981 -- 8.6 ISO/OSI (Open Systems Interconnection): 1979-1982 -- 8.7 The LAN and OSI Standards Efforts Meet -- 8.8 The Emergence of a Dominant Design: 1983-1984 -- 8.9 In Perspective 9 Market Order: Networking, 1983-1986 -- 9.1 Overview -- 9.2 The Established Powers -- 9.3 The Leading LAN start-ups, 1983-1986 -- 9.4 Other LAN start-ups -- 9.5 The Data Communication Competitors, 1983-1984 -- 9.6 New Data PBX Competitors -- 9.7 LAN and Data Communications Market-Structures, 1985-1986 -- 9.8 In Perspective 10 Adaptation of Wide Area Networks: Data Communications, 1979-1986 -- 10.1 Overview -- 10.2 The Revolution of Digital Transmission, 1982-1984 -- 10.3 The T1 Multiplexer -- 10.4 The Beginnings of "Be Your Own Bell" -- 10.5 Data Communications: First Signs of Digital Networks, 1982-1985 -- 10.6 Entrepreneurs: The T1 Start-ups, 1982-1985 -- 10.7 Market Analysis: Samples of Expert Opinions, 1984-1987 -- 10.8 Data Communications: Wide Area Networks, 1985-1988 -- 10.9 In Perspective 11 Market Consolidation: Data Communications and Networking, 1986-1988 -- 11.1 Overview -- 11.2 Data Communications: Firms Adapting or Dying? 1987-1988 -- 11.3 Other Data Communications Companies -- 11.4 Networking: Firms Responding to Market Consolidation, 1987-1988 -- 11.5 Other LAN Companies -- 11.6 Summary of the Data Communications Market-Structure -- 11.7 Summary of the Networking Market-Structure -- 11.8 In Perspective 12 Government Support for Internetworking, 1983-1988 -- 12.1 Overview -- 12.2 TCP/IP Internet -- 12.3 OSI's Champions in US Federal Agencies -- 12.4 In Perspective 13 The Emergence of Internetworking, 1985-1988 -- 13.1 Overview -- 13.2 Interconnecting Local Area Networks -- 13.3 Internetworking: Entrepreneurs and Start-ups, 1985-1988 -- 13.4 Internetworking: Public Demonstrations in 1988 -- 13.5 Internetworking Market-Structure -- 13.6 In Perspective 14 Conclusions -- 14.1 Summary of Market-Structures, 1968-1988 -- 14.2 Internetworking, 1988-2020 -- 14.3 Three Themes -- 14.4 Final Thoughts Appendix B Bibliography -- Selected Data and Source Material -- Selected References |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1346084432 (DE-599)BVBBV048395888 |
| edition | First edition |
| era | Geschichte 1968-1988 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1968-1988 |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV048395888 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T20:21:48Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:36:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781450397278 9781450397261 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033774555 |
| oclc_num | 1346084432 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-210 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-210 |
| physical | xlv, 577 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20221129 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Association for Computing Machinery |
| record_format | marc |
| series | ACM books |
| series2 | ACM books |
| spelling | Pelkey, James L. Verfasser (DE-588)126812186X aut Circuits, packets, and protocols entrepreneurs and computer communications, 1968-1988 James L. Pelkey ; Andrew L. Russell ; Loring G. Robbins First edition [New York, New York] Association for Computing Machinery [2022] ©2022 xlv, 577 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier ACM books 40 Introduction -- Three Themes -- Sources and Methods -- Market-Structures -- Three Market-Structures at the Intersections of Communications and Computing, 1968-1988 -- Why Do These Stories Matter? 1 Prelude to Change: Data Communications, 1949-1968 -- 1.1 Overview -- 1.2 AT&T, The Regulated Monopoly -- 1.3 IBM -- 1.4 New Technologies for Computing -- 1.5 Venture Capital and Public Capital Markets -- 1.6 The Early Entrepreneurs of Data Communications -- 1.7 Emergence of the Data Communications Market-Structure -- 1.8 In Perspective 2 Onset of Competition: Data Communications, 1968-1972 -- 2.1 Overview -- 2.2 Government and AT&T -- 2.3 IBM and Computing -- 2.4 Early Data Communications Leaders: 1968-1969 -- 2.5 A Swarm of Data Communications Start-ups: 1968-1970 -- 2.6 1970: A Pivotal Year for Codex and ADS -- 2.7 The Creation of the IDCMA -- 2.8 Strategic Partnerships in the Data Communications Market-Structure: 1971-1972 -- 2.9 Data Communications Market-Structure -- 2.10 In Perspective 3 Packet Switching and ARPANET: Networking, 1959-1972 -- 3.1 Overview -- 3.2 The Intergalactic Network -- 3.3 ARPANET: The Planning Phase -- 3.4 ARPANET: Design, Implementation, and Administration -- 3.5 Uncertainty and the Emergence of a Dominant Design, 1969-1972 -- 3.6 ARPANET Meets the Public: ICCC Demonstration, 1972 -- 3.7 In Perspective 4 Market Order: Data Communications, 1973-1979 -- 4.1 Overview -- 4.2 Regulatory Challenges to IBM and AT&T -- 4.3 Data Communications Market Leaders in the Early 1970s -- 4.4 The Swarm of Data Communications Firms, 1976-1979 -- 4.5 Micom's Breakout Product, 1976-1979 -- 4.6 Market Leaders Are Acquired -- 4.7 The Data Communications Market-Structure: Market Disruption -- 4.8 In Perspective 5 Protocol Confusion: Networking, 1972-1979 -- 5.1 Overview -- 5.2 Commercializing ARPANET, 1972-1975 -- 5.3 Packet Radio and Robert Kahn, 1972-1974 -- 5.4 The CYCLADES Network and Louis Pouzin, 1971-1972 -- 5.5 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), 1973-19765.5 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), 1973-1976 -- 5.6 A Proliferation of Communication Projects -- 5.7 In Perspective 6 Emergence of Local Area Networks: Networking, 1976-1981 -- 6.1 Overview -- 6.2 Early Networking Pioneers -- 6.3 Select Computer Companies Introduce LANs, 1976-1978 -- 6.4 Early LAN Start-ups -- 6.5 Data Communications Companies Respond with the Data PBX -- 6.6 Early LAN Start-ups Struggle, 1980-1981 -- 6.7 The Emergence of the Networking Market-Structure -- 6.8 In Perspective 7 The Chaos of Competition: Networking, 1981-1982 -- 7.1 Overview -- 7.2 The Office of the Future, the PBX to CBX, and AT&T -- 7.3 Early LAN Start-ups, 1981 -- 7.4 Emerging LAN Competition, 1981 -- 7.5 The Data Communication Competitors, 1981-1982 -- 7.6 A Second Wave of LAN Competition, 1982 -- 7.7 The Settlement of the AT&T and IBM Antitrust Lawsuits -- 7.8 IBM Antitrust Suit -- 7.9 Ethernet Chips, Boundless Hope and Market Confusion -- 7.10 LAN Market-Structure, 1981-1982 -- 7.11 In Perspective 8 The Need for Standards: Networking, 1975-1984 -- 8.1 Overview -- 8.2 IEEE Committee 802: The Battle for LAN Standards -- 8.3 DIX -- 8.4 IEEE Committee 802 and DIX -- 8.5 Networking Strategy at Xerox: 1979-1981 -- 8.6 ISO/OSI (Open Systems Interconnection): 1979-1982 -- 8.7 The LAN and OSI Standards Efforts Meet -- 8.8 The Emergence of a Dominant Design: 1983-1984 -- 8.9 In Perspective 9 Market Order: Networking, 1983-1986 -- 9.1 Overview -- 9.2 The Established Powers -- 9.3 The Leading LAN start-ups, 1983-1986 -- 9.4 Other LAN start-ups -- 9.5 The Data Communication Competitors, 1983-1984 -- 9.6 New Data PBX Competitors -- 9.7 LAN and Data Communications Market-Structures, 1985-1986 -- 9.8 In Perspective 10 Adaptation of Wide Area Networks: Data Communications, 1979-1986 -- 10.1 Overview -- 10.2 The Revolution of Digital Transmission, 1982-1984 -- 10.3 The T1 Multiplexer -- 10.4 The Beginnings of "Be Your Own Bell" -- 10.5 Data Communications: First Signs of Digital Networks, 1982-1985 -- 10.6 Entrepreneurs: The T1 Start-ups, 1982-1985 -- 10.7 Market Analysis: Samples of Expert Opinions, 1984-1987 -- 10.8 Data Communications: Wide Area Networks, 1985-1988 -- 10.9 In Perspective 11 Market Consolidation: Data Communications and Networking, 1986-1988 -- 11.1 Overview -- 11.2 Data Communications: Firms Adapting or Dying? 1987-1988 -- 11.3 Other Data Communications Companies -- 11.4 Networking: Firms Responding to Market Consolidation, 1987-1988 -- 11.5 Other LAN Companies -- 11.6 Summary of the Data Communications Market-Structure -- 11.7 Summary of the Networking Market-Structure -- 11.8 In Perspective 12 Government Support for Internetworking, 1983-1988 -- 12.1 Overview -- 12.2 TCP/IP Internet -- 12.3 OSI's Champions in US Federal Agencies -- 12.4 In Perspective 13 The Emergence of Internetworking, 1985-1988 -- 13.1 Overview -- 13.2 Interconnecting Local Area Networks -- 13.3 Internetworking: Entrepreneurs and Start-ups, 1985-1988 -- 13.4 Internetworking: Public Demonstrations in 1988 -- 13.5 Internetworking Market-Structure -- 13.6 In Perspective 14 Conclusions -- 14.1 Summary of Market-Structures, 1968-1988 -- 14.2 Internetworking, 1988-2020 -- 14.3 Three Themes -- 14.4 Final Thoughts Appendix B Bibliography -- Selected Data and Source Material -- Selected References Geschichte 1968-1988 gnd rswk-swf Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd rswk-swf Datenaustausch (DE-588)4227289-0 gnd rswk-swf Computerunterstützte Kommunikation (DE-588)4535905-2 gnd rswk-swf Rechnernetz (DE-588)4070085-9 gnd rswk-swf Computer networks Computer Communication Networks Réseaux d'ordinateurs Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 s Datenaustausch (DE-588)4227289-0 s Rechnernetz (DE-588)4070085-9 s Computerunterstützte Kommunikation (DE-588)4535905-2 s Geschichte 1968-1988 z DE-604 Russell, Andrew L. 1975- Verfasser (DE-588)1053806868 aut Robbins, Loring G Verfasser (DE-588)1268121959 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, epub 978-1-4503-9728-5 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebook 978-1-4503-9729-2 ACM books 40 (DE-604)BV043585657 40 Digitalisierung Deutsches Museum application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033774555&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Pelkey, James L. Russell, Andrew L. 1975- Robbins, Loring G Circuits, packets, and protocols entrepreneurs and computer communications, 1968-1988 ACM books Introduction -- Three Themes -- Sources and Methods -- Market-Structures -- Three Market-Structures at the Intersections of Communications and Computing, 1968-1988 -- Why Do These Stories Matter? 1 Prelude to Change: Data Communications, 1949-1968 -- 1.1 Overview -- 1.2 AT&T, The Regulated Monopoly -- 1.3 IBM -- 1.4 New Technologies for Computing -- 1.5 Venture Capital and Public Capital Markets -- 1.6 The Early Entrepreneurs of Data Communications -- 1.7 Emergence of the Data Communications Market-Structure -- 1.8 In Perspective 2 Onset of Competition: Data Communications, 1968-1972 -- 2.1 Overview -- 2.2 Government and AT&T -- 2.3 IBM and Computing -- 2.4 Early Data Communications Leaders: 1968-1969 -- 2.5 A Swarm of Data Communications Start-ups: 1968-1970 -- 2.6 1970: A Pivotal Year for Codex and ADS -- 2.7 The Creation of the IDCMA -- 2.8 Strategic Partnerships in the Data Communications Market-Structure: 1971-1972 -- 2.9 Data Communications Market-Structure -- 2.10 In Perspective 3 Packet Switching and ARPANET: Networking, 1959-1972 -- 3.1 Overview -- 3.2 The Intergalactic Network -- 3.3 ARPANET: The Planning Phase -- 3.4 ARPANET: Design, Implementation, and Administration -- 3.5 Uncertainty and the Emergence of a Dominant Design, 1969-1972 -- 3.6 ARPANET Meets the Public: ICCC Demonstration, 1972 -- 3.7 In Perspective 4 Market Order: Data Communications, 1973-1979 -- 4.1 Overview -- 4.2 Regulatory Challenges to IBM and AT&T -- 4.3 Data Communications Market Leaders in the Early 1970s -- 4.4 The Swarm of Data Communications Firms, 1976-1979 -- 4.5 Micom's Breakout Product, 1976-1979 -- 4.6 Market Leaders Are Acquired -- 4.7 The Data Communications Market-Structure: Market Disruption -- 4.8 In Perspective 5 Protocol Confusion: Networking, 1972-1979 -- 5.1 Overview -- 5.2 Commercializing ARPANET, 1972-1975 -- 5.3 Packet Radio and Robert Kahn, 1972-1974 -- 5.4 The CYCLADES Network and Louis Pouzin, 1971-1972 -- 5.5 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), 1973-19765.5 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), 1973-1976 -- 5.6 A Proliferation of Communication Projects -- 5.7 In Perspective 6 Emergence of Local Area Networks: Networking, 1976-1981 -- 6.1 Overview -- 6.2 Early Networking Pioneers -- 6.3 Select Computer Companies Introduce LANs, 1976-1978 -- 6.4 Early LAN Start-ups -- 6.5 Data Communications Companies Respond with the Data PBX -- 6.6 Early LAN Start-ups Struggle, 1980-1981 -- 6.7 The Emergence of the Networking Market-Structure -- 6.8 In Perspective 7 The Chaos of Competition: Networking, 1981-1982 -- 7.1 Overview -- 7.2 The Office of the Future, the PBX to CBX, and AT&T -- 7.3 Early LAN Start-ups, 1981 -- 7.4 Emerging LAN Competition, 1981 -- 7.5 The Data Communication Competitors, 1981-1982 -- 7.6 A Second Wave of LAN Competition, 1982 -- 7.7 The Settlement of the AT&T and IBM Antitrust Lawsuits -- 7.8 IBM Antitrust Suit -- 7.9 Ethernet Chips, Boundless Hope and Market Confusion -- 7.10 LAN Market-Structure, 1981-1982 -- 7.11 In Perspective 8 The Need for Standards: Networking, 1975-1984 -- 8.1 Overview -- 8.2 IEEE Committee 802: The Battle for LAN Standards -- 8.3 DIX -- 8.4 IEEE Committee 802 and DIX -- 8.5 Networking Strategy at Xerox: 1979-1981 -- 8.6 ISO/OSI (Open Systems Interconnection): 1979-1982 -- 8.7 The LAN and OSI Standards Efforts Meet -- 8.8 The Emergence of a Dominant Design: 1983-1984 -- 8.9 In Perspective 9 Market Order: Networking, 1983-1986 -- 9.1 Overview -- 9.2 The Established Powers -- 9.3 The Leading LAN start-ups, 1983-1986 -- 9.4 Other LAN start-ups -- 9.5 The Data Communication Competitors, 1983-1984 -- 9.6 New Data PBX Competitors -- 9.7 LAN and Data Communications Market-Structures, 1985-1986 -- 9.8 In Perspective 10 Adaptation of Wide Area Networks: Data Communications, 1979-1986 -- 10.1 Overview -- 10.2 The Revolution of Digital Transmission, 1982-1984 -- 10.3 The T1 Multiplexer -- 10.4 The Beginnings of "Be Your Own Bell" -- 10.5 Data Communications: First Signs of Digital Networks, 1982-1985 -- 10.6 Entrepreneurs: The T1 Start-ups, 1982-1985 -- 10.7 Market Analysis: Samples of Expert Opinions, 1984-1987 -- 10.8 Data Communications: Wide Area Networks, 1985-1988 -- 10.9 In Perspective 11 Market Consolidation: Data Communications and Networking, 1986-1988 -- 11.1 Overview -- 11.2 Data Communications: Firms Adapting or Dying? 1987-1988 -- 11.3 Other Data Communications Companies -- 11.4 Networking: Firms Responding to Market Consolidation, 1987-1988 -- 11.5 Other LAN Companies -- 11.6 Summary of the Data Communications Market-Structure -- 11.7 Summary of the Networking Market-Structure -- 11.8 In Perspective 12 Government Support for Internetworking, 1983-1988 -- 12.1 Overview -- 12.2 TCP/IP Internet -- 12.3 OSI's Champions in US Federal Agencies -- 12.4 In Perspective 13 The Emergence of Internetworking, 1985-1988 -- 13.1 Overview -- 13.2 Interconnecting Local Area Networks -- 13.3 Internetworking: Entrepreneurs and Start-ups, 1985-1988 -- 13.4 Internetworking: Public Demonstrations in 1988 -- 13.5 Internetworking Market-Structure -- 13.6 In Perspective 14 Conclusions -- 14.1 Summary of Market-Structures, 1968-1988 -- 14.2 Internetworking, 1988-2020 -- 14.3 Three Themes -- 14.4 Final Thoughts Appendix B Bibliography -- Selected Data and Source Material -- Selected References Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd Datenaustausch (DE-588)4227289-0 gnd Computerunterstützte Kommunikation (DE-588)4535905-2 gnd Rechnernetz (DE-588)4070085-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4061963-1 (DE-588)4227289-0 (DE-588)4535905-2 (DE-588)4070085-9 |
| title | Circuits, packets, and protocols entrepreneurs and computer communications, 1968-1988 |
| title_auth | Circuits, packets, and protocols entrepreneurs and computer communications, 1968-1988 |
| title_exact_search | Circuits, packets, and protocols entrepreneurs and computer communications, 1968-1988 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Circuits, packets, and protocols entrepreneurs and computer communications, 1968-1988 |
| title_full | Circuits, packets, and protocols entrepreneurs and computer communications, 1968-1988 James L. Pelkey ; Andrew L. Russell ; Loring G. Robbins |
| title_fullStr | Circuits, packets, and protocols entrepreneurs and computer communications, 1968-1988 James L. Pelkey ; Andrew L. Russell ; Loring G. Robbins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Circuits, packets, and protocols entrepreneurs and computer communications, 1968-1988 James L. Pelkey ; Andrew L. Russell ; Loring G. Robbins |
| title_short | Circuits, packets, and protocols |
| title_sort | circuits packets and protocols entrepreneurs and computer communications 1968 1988 |
| title_sub | entrepreneurs and computer communications, 1968-1988 |
| topic | Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd Datenaustausch (DE-588)4227289-0 gnd Computerunterstützte Kommunikation (DE-588)4535905-2 gnd Rechnernetz (DE-588)4070085-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Unternehmen Datenaustausch Computerunterstützte Kommunikation Rechnernetz |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033774555&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV043585657 |
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