The post-communist world in the twenty-first century: how the past informs the present
"This volume presents studies by senior scholars and practitioners highly relevant to contemporary events in Russia, Ukraine and other postcommunist states that are challenging the international order. Contributors provide new insights into the politics of these states, agendas driving their be...
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| Zusammenfassung: | "This volume presents studies by senior scholars and practitioners highly relevant to contemporary events in Russia, Ukraine and other postcommunist states that are challenging the international order. Contributors provide new insights into the politics of these states, agendas driving their behavior, and how leaders' differing perceptions produce international conflict" |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 313 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781793636096 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents ix Acknowledgments Foreword: To Dialer’s Successors: How the Soviet Past Informs the Post-Soviet Present xi Jack Snyder Introduction: Seweryn Bialer: Scholar, Teacher, Mentor Linda J. Cook 1 PART I: THE STUDY OF LEADERS AND LEADERSHIP IN DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS 1 Haunted: Cold War Ghosts and the United States in an Era of Disruption Bruce Parrott 2 The Russo-Georgian War and the Turn to Great Power Rivalry Thomas Sherlock and Andrew Sherlock 3 Trapped on the Eve of War, 1941 : Stalin and His Generals Failing Separately and Together Cynthia Roberts 4 11 41 69 Recovering Institutional Authenticity: Redeveloping the Central Organs of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 1953-1964, and Effects 97 Barbara Ann Chotiner vii
viii Contents 5 Populism in Power? Discourses of Leadership in Putin’s Russia, 2000-2020 119 Andrea Chandler 6 Avoiding the Succession Trap: Leadership Change in Survivor Communist Regimes 147 Gerald Μ. Easter Ί Russia and Post-Soviet Political Institutions: An Evolutionary Comparison of Regime Types Mikael Sandberg 167 PART II: THE REALMS OF POLICY AND PRACTICE 8 9 East European Public Health and the Cold War: In Search of Circulation Susan Gross Solomon Food Security and Stability in Contemporary Russia Stephen K. Wegren 203 221 10 Applied Sovietology: Refugee Claims from the Post-Soviet Space 245 Peter H. Solomon Jr. 11 The Tenacity of Conscience in the Face of Global Upheaval Kate Schecter 12 Studying under Professor Bialer: Recollections and Lessons Gleaned for a Career in Diplomacy Michael S. Klecheski 265 281 Index 297 About the Contributors 309
Index Abkhazia, 42-43, 54֊60 ABM Treaty, 52, 56 active defense, 71, 77, 80 Afghanistan, 4, 21, 24, 55 Africa, 15 8, 249, 267, 273, 277 agriculture, 224, 226, 232-34, 236-38, 276 agroholdings, 233-36, 238 Akaev, Askar, 188 Alexander II, 124 Algeria, 45 Allied Control Council, 207 Al Qaeda, 20-22, 24 America First policies, 25 Andreev, Andrei, 99 anti-Americanism, 61 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty. See ABM Treaty anti-Semitism, 246-47 anti-westernism, 61 Arab Spring, 28, 61, 221 Argentina, 158 Armenia, 167, 189, 249 Asia, 31, 206, 249, 267, 273, 277, 285 Austria, 121, 187 authoritarianism: and communism, 147-48, 163; and dynastic succession, 156; and the emergence of the Internet, 28; and food supply, 238; Kazakhstan, 189; Lennart Meri on, 46; North Korea, 159; persistence of, 3; and populism, 122; Russia, 28, 189; and Vladimir Putin, 22, 45 autocratic parliamentarian presidentialism, 189 autocratic presidentialism, 189 autocratic regimes, 42, 45-46, 171-72, 189 Azerbaijan, 167, 188 Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. See BCG vaccine Balkan states, 76, 80-81, 84-85 Baltic states, 167; alliances with US, 19; and anti-Semitism, 247; and domestic violence, 255; and ethnic Russians, 44, 246-47, 25 5; and Germany, 88; and human trafficking, 254; incorporation into Soviet borders, 75; and NATO expansion, 47; regime types, 173,187 Bayesian estimations, 172 297
298 BCG vaccine, 212 beef, 227, 230-31, 233, 235. See also food supply Belarus, 51, 167-69,189, 236, 251 Belgium, 209-11 Belknap, Robert, 294 Beria, Lavrenti P., 102 Berlin Wall, 26 Bialer, Seweryn, 267, 277; biography, 1-2; on Gorbachev reforms, 4—5; as mentor, 281-95; as political advisor, 5; on Russian dominance in Soviet Union, 167; as scholar, 3, 6, 282; Soviet Paradox, 4; Stalin and His Generals, 5, 71; Stalin ’s Successors, xi-xiv, 3; on succession, 163, 287, 293; on the welfare state, 266 Biden, Joe, 121 Bin Laden, Osama, 24 Black Sea, 88, 249 Black Sea Coast, 213 Black Sea Cossacks, 249 Bolivia, 273 Bolsheviks, 148, 265, 267; Eighth Congress, 97 Bosnia-Herzegovina, 50, 162 Bo Xilai, 153-54 Brazil, 169, 270 Breslauer, George, 290 Brezhnev, Leonid, xi-xiii, 3,103-6, 224, 290, 293-95 Brown, Archie, 5 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 20, 42 Bucharest Declaration, 19, 52, 55 Bulgaria, 52, 213 Burkina Faso, 273 Buryats, 246, 249 Bush, George H. W., 17, 27, 49; and climate change, 29-30; loss to Clinton, 18 Index Bush, George W., 22-24, 30, 43, 52, 56, 59; and 9/11, 24; and ABM Treaty, 52, 56; and Georgia, 59; and military power, 20; and terrorism, 21, 23-24 Byelorussian Communist Party, 105 CAC (Central Advisory Committee), 152 Canada, 2, 214, 245, 247-48, 251-54 capitalism, 26, 124, 223 Castro, Fidel, 156-57, 161 Castro, Raul, 158-60 Castro dynasty, 157 CC. See Central Committee (CC) CCP (Comparative Constitutional Project), 169-70 Ceausescu, Elena, 156 Central Advisory Committee (CAC). See CAC (Central Advisory Committee) Central Asia, 167, 246-47, 255-56, 277 Central Committee
(CC), 97-108, 148,155 Central Military Committee (CMC). See CMC (Central Military Committee) Chechnya, 46, 54, 249 Chernenko, Konstantin, 108 children: child marriage, 276-77; and education, 136, 274; and food, 226; homeless, 268-70; and work, 276 China, 6, 12, 24,148,163, 204; and COVID-19, 237; and cyber attacks, 29; and Donald Trump, 25; and succession, 151,153-54, 156, 158-59, 161; Tiananmen, 18, 152-53; and trade, 236; US relations with, 31
Index Christianity, 188, 271 Christopher, Warren, 51 climate change, 28-30,276 Clinton, Bill, 26,43; and climate change, 30; and the economy, 27; and health care, 266; and NATO, 18-19, 46-47 Clinton Administration, 17-18, 20, 27, 46-47 CMC (Central Military Committee), 152-53,156 Cohen, Eliot, 21 Cold War, 13, 21, 25-26, 28, 30-31, 41, 43, 48, 52, 62, 265; end of, 2, 11-18, 24, 32, 45, 269; and public health, 2, 203-16 communism, ix, 14, 25, 161; and Bialer, 266; China, 152; collapse in Eastern Europe, 4-5, 148, 162, 254, 269, 277; European, 13-15, 22, 25-26, 30; and health care, 267; military support, 155; North Korea, 161; and succession, 1Μ-49, 151, 156, 159; survivor regimes, 2, 147-48, 163; Vietnam, 156; Yugoslavia, 161-62 Communist Party of Cuba (CPC). See CPC (Communist Party of Cuba) Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). See CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union) Communist Youth League (CYL). See CYL (Communist Youth League) Comparative Constitutional Project (CCP). See CCP (Comparative Constitutional Project) consociational succession, 161 corporate succession, 151-53, 156 Cossacks, 249 299 Council of Ministers (USSR), 100-101, 107 COVID-19 pandemic, ix, 120, 136-38,237; and food supply, 223, 237; global effects, 277; and populist leaders, 136; and Putin, 120, 136,139; vaccine, 268 CPC (Communist Party of Cuba), 157 CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union), 97, 101-2, 104-5, 108, 167, 283; Nineteenth Conference, 97, 108-9; Statute, 106 Crimea, 3, 20,123, 136, 235 Croats, 161 Cuba, 148, 151, 156-61, 163, 208; dynastic leadership change, 158; economy,
159; military, 158-59 Cuban Popular Socialist party, 157 Cultural Revolution, 149 CYL (Communist Youth League), 152, 159 Czech Republic, 46-47, 52 Dagestan, 54 Darwinian evolution, 171-73 democracy: China, 27; Clinton Administration, 18; and economic policy, 12, 26; and emergence of Internet, 28; George H. W. Bush Administration, 23; Georgia, 187; and NATO, 47; and populism, 120; Putin, 129, 133-34, 189; Russia, 3, 5, 44; spread of, 47; and terrorism, 22; Ukraine, 187 democratization, 18, 22-23, 47-48, 53, 59-60, 109, 148
300 Index Deng Xiaoping, 147-49,152-53 de-Stalinization, 103, 212 Diaz-Canel, Miguel, 159 disease, 205, 207, 210, 213; epidemic, 205-6 Dole, Robert, 17 Dolio’s Law, 172 domestic violence, 246, 252-53, 255-56 Do Muoi, 155 Duma, 46, 251 dynastic succession, 156, 158-60 East Asia, 23 Eastern Europe: collapse of communism, 4, 148, 162, 254; and communist survivor regimes, 163; democratic regimes, 20; and Gorbachev, 14, 16, 44; and health care, 203-7, 209, 211, 213,215; and NATO, 46-47, 62; and Russia, 42,45; and WHO, 208 East Prussia, 78-80, 84 Elchibey, Abulfaz, 188 electoral democracy, 187, 189 epidemics, 206-7 Estonia, 43, 167, 173,188, 190, 251,258; and anti-Semitism, 247; and domestic violence, 252, 256; and ethnic Russians, 44, 248; and human trafficking, 252-54; forced to join Soviet Union, 46; and NATO, 52 European communism, 13-15, 22, 25-26, 30 European Union, 19, 61, 222, 258 extortion, 250-51 Far East, 78, 237 Federal Republic of Germany, 212 Finland, 42, 70, 72, 78-79, 82-83; and human trafficking, 254 Finlandization, 20 food: access to, 221, 223, 227, 234; availability, 221, 223-24, 227, 231,238; and children, 226; and COVID-19 pandemic, 237; domestic production, 229-30, 233, 236; exports, 225, 238; imports, 228-31, 236-38; political impact, 221, 223-24, 238; price of, 221, 224, 226, 228-29, 235, 238-39; quality, 227; rationing, 224, 227; subsidies, 226, 229; under Stalin, 223 food insecurity, 222-25, 227-29 food policy, 221-22, 226, 228, 231 food security, 2, 221-23, 225-37, 239, 274-75, 277 food self-sufficiency, 231, 235-36 food shortages, 223-24, 237 food
supply, 223, 230, 234, 276 food system, 222, 227, 234 foreign policy: Russia, 43, 46, 48, 50, 54, 56; Soviet, 3-5, 49, 104, 283, 288-89; US, 18,41,48, 50, 52 foreign service officers, 284—86, 288-95 Former Soviet Union (FSU), 253-54, 256-57, 267, 273 France, 44, 56, 70, 72-73, 77, 79, 85, 121, 187-88,210-11,214 FSU. See Former Soviet Union G-7, 51 Galdston, Iago, 210 GDR (German Democratic Republic), 208, 212 Georgia, 167, 187,189; breakaway regions, 54-55, 58, 60; and food security, 277; health care, 273;
Index and NATO, 20, 43, 49, 52-53, 55-57, 61-62; Rose Revolution, 57-58; and Russia, 53-54, 58; and the US, 43, 55, 58-59; war with Russia, 20, 41-44, 54, 59, 61, 135 German Democratic Republic (GDR). See GDR (German Democratic Republic) German-Polish War, 82 Germany, 18, 22-23; health care, 206, 211, 213-14; and human trafficking, 254; reunification, 49; and Russia, 56; and the USSR, 70; WWI, 48, 51, 86; WWII, 74-75, 79-80, 82-87 globalization, 27 Gogol, Nikolai, 41 Gorbachev, Mikhail, xi, xiii, 2-5, 14-16, 18, 20, 49,51,53,97-98, 103-9, 148, 150, 292; and Bialer, xi, 5; and food security, 227; and George H. W. Bush, 18; and NATO, 20; and Putin, 53; and Reagan, 18; reforms, xi, 3-5, 14—16, 49, 104-5, 109, 150; rise to power, 97, 150, 292 Graham, Loren, 265 Great Depression, 27 Great Patriotic War, 69, 88 Gromov, Boris, 249 Guatemala, 273 Haiti, 158, 273 Hamming distance matrix, 172-73, 189-90, 193 Harsch, Donna, 212, 214-15 health care, 203-6, 209-13, 222, 257, 265-67, 271, 274, 277-78; ЗОЇ socialized, 265-66 Helsinki Accords, 20 Hitler, Adolf, 69-70, 74, 77, 81 Holbrooke, Richard, 46 hospitals, 228, 272-73 Hough, Jerry, 292-93 Hua Guofeng, 149,152 Hu Jintao, 153 human trafficking, 252-54 Hungary, 46-47, 84, 121, 208-9, 215 Hussein, Saddam, 24 Hu Yaobang, 152 IMF (International Monetary Fund), 271 India, 270, 273-74, 277 Indonesia, 273 inflation, 57, 228-29 International Monetary Fund (IMF). See IMF (International Monetary Fund) Internet, 27-30, 125, 246, 291 Iran, 21, 29, 52, 55 Iraq, 21, 23-24, 52, 58 Iron Curtain, 11,17, 208 Islamic extremism, 23-24 Israel, 247 Italy,
254 Japan, 18, 22-23, 77, 80, 85 Jewish communities, 246-47. See also anti-Semitism Jiang Zemin, 153 Johan, Bela, 203 Kant, Emanuel, 47 Karaganov, Sergei, 49 Kazakh communities, 248 Kazakhstan, 51, 167-69,188-89, 193, 248 Kennan, George F., 16, 48, 53, 269 Kennedy, John F., 271 Kenya, 273, 275 KGB, 45, 227, 248 Khrushchev, Nikita, 98-107, 109, 147, 149, 223, 290, 294; elected first secretary of CPSU, 102;
302 Index resignation, 107 Kim П-sung, 156, 159-60 Kim Jong-il, 159-60 Kim Jong-nam, 160 Kim Jong-un, 159-60 Kingdom of Yugoslavia, 161 Kingsbury, John, 210 Koliševski, Lazar, 162 Korea, 208 Korean War, 160 Kosovo, 54-55, 272-73; independence, 54֊55, 60 Kozyrev, Andrei, 50 Kravchuk, Leonid, 187 Kremlin, 42-44, 48-56, 61, 78, 82-83, 86, 265 Kremlinology, 265 Kuban, 246, 249, 255 Kutuzov, Mikhail, 72 Kyrgyzstan, 52, 168-69, 173, 187-89 Lake, Anthony, 46 language, xiii, 120; and Medvedev, 132; and monarchy, 124; and populism, 121-22; and Putin, 123-24, 132-33, 139-40 Laos, 148, 151, 163 Latin America, 50, 267, 273, 277 Latvia, 43 44, 52, 167, 173,188, 190; and domestic violence, 256; and ethnic Russians, 248 Law on Aliens, 248 leadership successions, xii, 2, 147, 149, 151, 154-55, 159, 161 League of Nations Health Organization. See LNHO League of Nations Health Section, 203 Le Duan, 154 LeKhaPhieu, 155 Lenin, Vladimir, 5, 97-98, 102-3, 105, 148—49, 223 LePen, Marine, 122 Ligachev, Yegor, 108-9 Lipman, Maria, 50 Lithuania, 167, 188, 190; and domestic violence, 253,255; and human trafficking, 252, 254; and NATO, 43, 52 LNHO (League of Nations Health Organization), 206, 211 Lukashenka, Aleksandr, 168 MAD (mutually assured destruction), 52 Madame Mao, 156 Malenkov, Georgii, 74, 100-102, 105, 107 Mali, 273 Mandelbaum, Michael, 4,48 Mannerheim, Carl Gustaf Emil, 79 Mao Zedong, 6, 149, 152, 154, 157, 161 Marshall Plan, 269 Marx, Karl, xiii, 194 Marxism-Leninism, 14, 126 McFaul, Michael, 52 McKeown, Thomas, 210 Mearsheimer, John, 45,49 medicine, 203-6, 209, 211, 213, 237, 266
Medvedev, Dmitry, 123, 125,127, 129, 132-33, 135,221,231 Membership Action Plan (NATO), 55 Meretskov, Kirill, 79, 82 Meri, Lennart, 46 Middle East, 21-22, 55, 221 migrants, 257-58 Mikoyan, Anastas, 70, 99-100, 104-5 Ministry of Agriculture, Russian Federation, 224, 237-38 minorities, 54, 121, 133, 248, 255-56 Mishustin, Mikhail, 225, 239 Moldova, 167,187-88, 249; and anti-Semitism, 247; and domestic violence, 256; and human trafficking, 254 Molotov, Vyacheslav Μ., 76, 78, 88, 99-100 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 167 Mongolia, 3 Monroe Doctrine, 50
Index МР-41, 83 Muslim communities, 50,135,168, 188 Mustard, Allan, 226 mutually assured destruction (MAD). See MAD (mutually assured destruction) National Security Agency, 29 NATO: Bucharest summit, 55, 59; enlargement, 18-20, 42 43, 45-50, 52, 54, 56-57, 61; and Georgia, 56; and Kosovo, 54; membership, 46-47, 54, 58; military, 50, 62; and Russia, 61, 134; and Ukraine, 19-20, 49, 51-54, 61-62; and the US, 19, 31, 45-50, 52, 54-56, 58, 61-62 Nazarbaev, Nursultan, 188 Nazi Germany, 1,23, 74, 86, 100 Nazi-Soviet Pact, 73 neoliberalism, 25, 27-28, 121 Nepal, 273-75 New Economic Policy, 223 NGOs, 52, 246, 253 Nguyen Phu Trong, 155-56 Nicaragua, 158 Nong Duc Manh, 155 North Caucasus, 257 North Korea, 148, 151, 156-57, 159-61, 163 North Vietnam, 154 Obama, Barack, 24-25, 61, 266 October Revolution, 103 Odesa region, 79, 249 Operation Barbarossa, 69, 77, 87 Orange Revolution, 52-53, 187 Orban, Victor, 119, 121 Oviir, Siiri, 254 Pakistan, 24 303 pandemics, 30, 120, 136, 138, 223, 235, 237-38, 268 Pandora’s box hypothesis, 170,193 Parisot, Jacques, 210 parliamentarian presidentialism, 187-90 Partnership for Peace (PIP). See PfP (Partnership for Peace) Patolichev, Nikolai, 105 People’s Democratic Republic of Vietnam. See North Vietnam Perón regime, 158 Perry, William, 46, 62 persecution, 245-46, 249, 254-57 Peru, 273 Pervukhin, Mikhail, 103 Peters, John, 273 PfP (Partnership for Peace), 19, 46, 48,51 Phan Dien, 155 Philippines, 285 phylogenetic data analysis, 171-72 planned economy, xii-xiii, 225, 227 Poland, 188-89, 283-84, 288; and Bialer, 2, 282; and democracy, 47; and health
care, 206, 208-9; and NATO, 46-47, 52; partition, 75; and populism, 121; and Solidarity, 5; WWII, 72-73, 75, 77, 82, 84, 88 Politburo, 74-75, 80-81, 83, 97-99, 105, 108-9, 154-55, 157, 159 Politburo Commission on Foreign Affairs, 99 Politburo Standing Committee, 152 political stability, and food security, 2, 221,223, 238 populism, 119-22, 135, 139 populist language, 120, 127, 136, 139 populist leaders, 119-25, 136, 139 Poroshenko, Petro, 187 Pospelov, PetrN., 103,105 post-Soviet nations, 167-71, 173,190, 245, 247, 253-58, 269
304 post-Soviet regime types, 168, 172-73, 190, 193 post-Soviet Russia, 31, 41-42, 188, 222, 249 Potsdam Protocol, 207 poverty, 231, 269-70, 272-74, 276 Powell, Colin, 286 Prague Spring, 42 presidentialism, 168-69, 173, 188 Presidium, 99-107. See also Politburo propiska, 246, 256-58 prostitution, 254. See also human trafficking public health, 2, 203-5, 208-16. See also health care Putin, Vladimir, xii, 169, 188-89, 250; and authoritarianism, 22, 28; and COVID-19 pandemic, 136-39, 237; and Donald Trump, 25, 136; elected president, 50, 230; and food security, 230; invasion of Ukraine, 31, 42; and NATO, 48, 53, 55, 61-62; and political freedom, 50,140; popularity, 123,139; and populism, 119-20,123-24, 133, 136, 139; Russo-Georgian War, 41, 62; speeches, 124-25, 127, 129, 133, 135-36,138; and the US, 45,49, 56, 62; use of language, 120, 123-24, 129, 132-36, 138-40 qualified democracies, 173, 187, 190 Rajchman, Ludwik, 203, 206 Reagan, Ronald, 5, 16-18, 20, 23 Reagan Administration, 18, 283 Red Army, 70-71, 73, 76, 78-79, 83-84, 86-89 refugee claims, 245, 247, 249-52, 255, 259 Index refugees, 245-47, 257 refugee status, 2, 246,253, 258 Republican Party, 17, 27, 43,46 Rice, Condoleezza, 22, 42, 59 Rokossovskii, Konstantin K., 72 Romania, 52, 55, 84, 167, 208, 269 Rose Revolution, 57-58 rural communities, 267,276-78 Russia, 6, 246,249, 251; 1917 Revolution, 41; 1946 famine, 224; agriculture, 236-38; and anti-Semitism, 247; and authoritarianism, 28; and Chechnya, 54; and COVID-19 pandemic, 137, 237; and democracy, 3, 22, 188; and domestic violence, 252-53, 256; economic recession,
235; food production, 236-37; and food security, 221-25, 228-33, 235-36, 277; and Georgia, 43, 53, 55, 58; and health care, 267; and human trafficking, 252, 254; invasion of Ukraine, 2, 20, 42, 62; and Kosovo, 54; and Napoleon, 78, 89; and NATO, 19-20, 42-43, 46, 48-49, 51-54, 57,61; and populism, 119,133,136; post-Soviet, 31, 41-42, 167, 169, 173, 187-89, 193, 222, 249; prerevolutionary, 266; and refugees, 257; rural communities, 278; Russo-Georgian War, 2, 41-63, 135; secessionist movements, 18; Soviet, 69, 167, 207,214; and Ukraine, 20, 52; and the US, 12, 19, 24, 28-29, 31, 43, 45-46, 48, 50-52, 55-56, 62; and the World Bank, 269; WWII, 74, 76 Russian National Union, 247
Index Russians, ethnic, 44, 246-48, 255, 257 Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, 97 Russo-Georgian War, 2, 41-63, 135 Rüütel, Arnold, 173, 188 Ryle, John, 210 Ryzhkov, Nikolai, 108 Saakashvili, Mikheil, 41, 44, 55, 57-61 Sabin vaccine, 208 Salk vaccine, 208 Sand, Rene, 210-11 Second World War, 69, 98 Semashko, Nikolai, 210 Serbia, 19, 54 Serbs, 50,161 Seventh Party Congress, 155 Shaposhnikov, Boris Μ., 72, 76-79, 81,84 Shevtsova, Liliia, 50 Sigerist, Henry, 210-11 Sixth Party Congress, 154-55 Slovakia, 52 Slovenia, 52 Snegur, Mircea, 188 Somoza dynasty, 158 South America, 236 South Ossetia, 42-44, 54-60 South Vietnam, 155 Southwestern Front, 79-80, 84, 88 Soviet Armed Forces, 74-75, 77, 86-87 Sovietization, 204, 212-13, 215 Soviet Paradox, 4 Soviet Union, 41, 138; and Bialer, xiii, 4, 282-83, 287-88, 291, 293; and children, 268; disintegration, 3, 5, 11-12, 14-17, 42-45, 53-54, 119, 135, 148, 266, 268; and domestic violence, 252; and food availability, 223-24, 227; and Gorbachev, 4-5, 18, 44, 49, 150, 284; government, 98,100,107,167, 189; 305 and health care, 204-7, 209, 211, 213-14, 265-66; and NATO, 19, 43, 46, 49, 54; and refugees, 253; and Russia, 188, 257; and succession, 149, 163; and the US, 13-14, 16-17, 23, 25, 46,51; and the WHO, 206,215; WWII, 23, 69-73, 75, 77-78, 80, 83, 86-87 Soviet Winter War, 83 Stalin, Joseph, 3, 6, 102, 148; death, 98-101, 109, 203; and food production, 223; illness, 100, 103; leadership, 98-101; purges, 103, 105; succession, 147, 149; WWII, 69-79, 81-82, 85-86, 89; and Yugoslavia, 103, 161 Stalin and His Generals, 5, 71 Stalin’s
Successors, xi֊l, 3, 282 Stampar, Andrija, 203 strong presidentialism, 188-89 succession, 149-51, 156-57, 160-61, 287; consociational, 161; corporate, 151-53, 156; dynastic, 156, 158-60; process, 150-51, 153, 157 succession trap, 147-63 superpowers, 4, 13,270 Supreme Council, 173, 189 survivor communist regimes, 147—49,151 Suslov, Mikhail A., 103, 105-6 Svechin, Alexander, 72 Syria, 136,173 T-34 (tank), 83, 88 Tajikistan, 168-69, 189 Talbott, Strobe, 56 Tanzania, 273 Tatars, 246, 249
306 Tea Parly, 27 terrorism, 21-24, 28, 54,136 Tet Offensive, 155 Thatcher, Margaret, 5 Tiananmen Square protests, 27, 152-53 Timor-Leste, 273 Timoshenko, Semyon, 74, 76, 78-79, 81,83,86 Titmuss, Richard, 210 Tito, Josip Broz, 161-62 Tran Dai Quang, 156 Transdniestria, 249 TRQs (tariff-rate quotas), 231-32 Truman, Harry, 22 Trump, Donald, 25, 29-30,122-23 Truong Chinh, 154 tuberculosis, 212-13 Tukhachevskii, Mikhail N., 70, 72, 76 Turkmenistan, 168-69,188, 226 Twentieth Party Congress of CPSU, 98, 102 Twenty-fifth Party Congress of CPSU, 290 Twenty-fourth Party Congress of CPSU, 290 Twenty-sixth Party Congress of CPSU, 283, 290 Tymoshenko, Yuha, 187 Uganda, 273 Ukraine, 188-90, 251, 258, 277; and anti-Semitism, 247; and children, 269; and Cossacks, 249; and democracy, 187,193; and domestic violence, 253, 256; ethnic tensions, 249; and food production, 223; and human trafficking, 252, 254; and NATO, 19-20, 49, 51-54, 61-62; Orange Revolution, 52; and Russia, 20, 136, 235; Russian invasion, 2, 31, 42, 62,167; secessionist movements, 18; WWII, 79, 84, 88 Index UNDP (United Nations Development Program), 253, 269, 277 UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund), 211, 269-70 United Kingdom, 121, 210, 253 United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). See UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) United Nations Development Program. See UNDP United States, xii, 3, 5; and Afghanistan, 21; America First policies, 25; and capitalism, 12; and children, 270; and climate change, 29; and the Cold War, 13-14,16-17, 25-26, 28,31,41,269; and COVID-19 pandemic, 268; and cyber attacks, 29; and food
availability, 224, 235; and Georgia, 43, 56-59, 61; and health care, 204-5, 207, 210, 214, 265-66, 272; and Iraq, 24, 52; military, 14,16, 20,29, 51; and NATO, 19, 31, 45-50, 52, 54-56, 58, 61-62; policy, 12, 16, 18, 22, 24-25, 31, 41, 45, 48; and populism, 121; public view of, 293-94; and refugees, 247, 252; and Russia, 41^43, 45-46, 48, 50-51, 53-56, 60-62, 123,136; and the Soviet Union, 12-14, 16-17, 23, 25, 269, 282; and superpresidentialism, 169; and terrorism, 21-24; and trade, 222; and Ukraine, 62; War on Tenor, 58 UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration), 206
Index USAID (United States Agency for International Development), 271 USS Cole, 20 USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). See Soviet Union Ustinov, Dmitrii, 106 Uzbekistan, 168-69, 188, 247-48, 251 vaccines, 207-8, 212, 215 Vargha, Dora, 208, 215 Vasilevskii, A.M., 75, 78-79, 83, 86 Vatutin, Nikolai, 79 VCP (Vietnamese Communist Party), 154-55 Vietnam, 16, 45, 148, 151, 154, 156, 158-59, 163, 208 Vietnamese Communist Party. See VCP Vietnamese People’s Army, 155 Volkogonov, Dmitri, 98 Vo Nguyen Giap, 154 Voroshilov, Kliment, 99 War on Terror, 58 Warsaw Pact, 43 Weber, Max, xiii Wehrmacht, 69-71, 73, 75, 77, 82, 84, 87 Weinerman, Richard, 209-10, 212 307 Weinerman, Shirley, 209 WHO (World Health Organization), 206-8,211,215 Wilson, Woodrow, 47 Winslow, C.E.A., 210 Wolfensohn, James, 270 World Bank, 3, 221, 232, 267-71, 276-77 World Health Organization. See WHO World War I (WWI), 48, 86,168, 206 World War II (WWII), 2, 5, 21-22, 25, 45, 205, 228, 248, 266, 271 Xi Jinping, 153, 156 Yakovlev, Alexander, 5 Yanukovych, Viktor, 62, 187-88 Yeltsin, Boris, 18-19, 28, 44-46, 49-51, 55, 123, 187, 224, 251 Yugoslavia, 45, 55,103, 151, 161-62, 206 Zhao Ziyang, 152 Zhdanov, Andrei, 100 Zhirinovsky, Vladimir, 46 Zhukov, Georgii, 73-75, 77, 80, 82-83, 85-88, 105
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Contents ix Acknowledgments Foreword: To Dialer’s Successors: How the Soviet Past Informs the Post-Soviet Present xi Jack Snyder Introduction: Seweryn Bialer: Scholar, Teacher, Mentor Linda J. Cook 1 PART I: THE STUDY OF LEADERS AND LEADERSHIP IN DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS 1 Haunted: Cold War Ghosts and the United States in an Era of Disruption Bruce Parrott 2 The Russo-Georgian War and the Turn to Great Power Rivalry Thomas Sherlock and Andrew Sherlock 3 Trapped on the Eve of War, 1941 : Stalin and His Generals Failing Separately and Together Cynthia Roberts 4 11 41 69 Recovering Institutional Authenticity: Redeveloping the Central Organs of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 1953-1964, and Effects 97 Barbara Ann Chotiner vii
viii Contents 5 Populism in Power? Discourses of Leadership in Putin’s Russia, 2000-2020 119 Andrea Chandler 6 Avoiding the Succession Trap: Leadership Change in Survivor Communist Regimes 147 Gerald Μ. Easter Ί Russia and Post-Soviet Political Institutions: An Evolutionary Comparison of Regime Types Mikael Sandberg 167 PART II: THE REALMS OF POLICY AND PRACTICE 8 9 East European Public Health and the Cold War: In Search of Circulation Susan Gross Solomon Food Security and Stability in Contemporary Russia Stephen K. Wegren 203 221 10 Applied Sovietology: Refugee Claims from the Post-Soviet Space 245 Peter H. Solomon Jr. 11 The Tenacity of Conscience in the Face of Global Upheaval Kate Schecter 12 Studying under Professor Bialer: Recollections and Lessons Gleaned for a Career in Diplomacy Michael S. Klecheski 265 281 Index 297 About the Contributors 309
Index Abkhazia, 42-43, 54֊60 ABM Treaty, 52, 56 active defense, 71, 77, 80 Afghanistan, 4, 21, 24, 55 Africa, 15 8, 249, 267, 273, 277 agriculture, 224, 226, 232-34, 236-38, 276 agroholdings, 233-36, 238 Akaev, Askar, 188 Alexander II, 124 Algeria, 45 Allied Control Council, 207 Al Qaeda, 20-22, 24 America First policies, 25 Andreev, Andrei, 99 anti-Americanism, 61 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty. See ABM Treaty anti-Semitism, 246-47 anti-westernism, 61 Arab Spring, 28, 61, 221 Argentina, 158 Armenia, 167, 189, 249 Asia, 31, 206, 249, 267, 273, 277, 285 Austria, 121, 187 authoritarianism: and communism, 147-48, 163; and dynastic succession, 156; and the emergence of the Internet, 28; and food supply, 238; Kazakhstan, 189; Lennart Meri on, 46; North Korea, 159; persistence of, 3; and populism, 122; Russia, 28, 189; and Vladimir Putin, 22, 45 autocratic parliamentarian presidentialism, 189 autocratic presidentialism, 189 autocratic regimes, 42, 45-46, 171-72, 189 Azerbaijan, 167, 188 Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. See BCG vaccine Balkan states, 76, 80-81, 84-85 Baltic states, 167; alliances with US, 19; and anti-Semitism, 247; and domestic violence, 255; and ethnic Russians, 44, 246-47, 25 5; and Germany, 88; and human trafficking, 254; incorporation into Soviet borders, 75; and NATO expansion, 47; regime types, 173,187 Bayesian estimations, 172 297
298 BCG vaccine, 212 beef, 227, 230-31, 233, 235. See also food supply Belarus, 51, 167-69,189, 236, 251 Belgium, 209-11 Belknap, Robert, 294 Beria, Lavrenti P., 102 Berlin Wall, 26 Bialer, Seweryn, 267, 277; biography, 1-2; on Gorbachev reforms, 4—5; as mentor, 281-95; as political advisor, 5; on Russian dominance in Soviet Union, 167; as scholar, 3, 6, 282; Soviet Paradox, 4; Stalin and His Generals, 5, 71; Stalin ’s Successors, xi-xiv, 3; on succession, 163, 287, 293; on the welfare state, 266 Biden, Joe, 121 Bin Laden, Osama, 24 Black Sea, 88, 249 Black Sea Coast, 213 Black Sea Cossacks, 249 Bolivia, 273 Bolsheviks, 148, 265, 267; Eighth Congress, 97 Bosnia-Herzegovina, 50, 162 Bo Xilai, 153-54 Brazil, 169, 270 Breslauer, George, 290 Brezhnev, Leonid, xi-xiii, 3,103-6, 224, 290, 293-95 Brown, Archie, 5 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 20, 42 Bucharest Declaration, 19, 52, 55 Bulgaria, 52, 213 Burkina Faso, 273 Buryats, 246, 249 Bush, George H. W., 17, 27, 49; and climate change, 29-30; loss to Clinton, 18 Index Bush, George W., 22-24, 30, 43, 52, 56, 59; and 9/11, 24; and ABM Treaty, 52, 56; and Georgia, 59; and military power, 20; and terrorism, 21, 23-24 Byelorussian Communist Party, 105 CAC (Central Advisory Committee), 152 Canada, 2, 214, 245, 247-48, 251-54 capitalism, 26, 124, 223 Castro, Fidel, 156-57, 161 Castro, Raul, 158-60 Castro dynasty, 157 CC. See Central Committee (CC) CCP (Comparative Constitutional Project), 169-70 Ceausescu, Elena, 156 Central Advisory Committee (CAC). See CAC (Central Advisory Committee) Central Asia, 167, 246-47, 255-56, 277 Central Committee
(CC), 97-108, 148,155 Central Military Committee (CMC). See CMC (Central Military Committee) Chechnya, 46, 54, 249 Chernenko, Konstantin, 108 children: child marriage, 276-77; and education, 136, 274; and food, 226; homeless, 268-70; and work, 276 China, 6, 12, 24,148,163, 204; and COVID-19, 237; and cyber attacks, 29; and Donald Trump, 25; and succession, 151,153-54, 156, 158-59, 161; Tiananmen, 18, 152-53; and trade, 236; US relations with, 31
Index Christianity, 188, 271 Christopher, Warren, 51 climate change, 28-30,276 Clinton, Bill, 26,43; and climate change, 30; and the economy, 27; and health care, 266; and NATO, 18-19, 46-47 Clinton Administration, 17-18, 20, 27, 46-47 CMC (Central Military Committee), 152-53,156 Cohen, Eliot, 21 Cold War, 13, 21, 25-26, 28, 30-31, 41, 43, 48, 52, 62, 265; end of, 2, 11-18, 24, 32, 45, 269; and public health, 2, 203-16 communism, ix, 14, 25, 161; and Bialer, 266; China, 152; collapse in Eastern Europe, 4-5, 148, 162, 254, 269, 277; European, 13-15, 22, 25-26, 30; and health care, 267; military support, 155; North Korea, 161; and succession, 1Μ-49, 151, 156, 159; survivor regimes, 2, 147-48, 163; Vietnam, 156; Yugoslavia, 161-62 Communist Party of Cuba (CPC). See CPC (Communist Party of Cuba) Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). See CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union) Communist Youth League (CYL). See CYL (Communist Youth League) Comparative Constitutional Project (CCP). See CCP (Comparative Constitutional Project) consociational succession, 161 corporate succession, 151-53, 156 Cossacks, 249 299 Council of Ministers (USSR), 100-101, 107 COVID-19 pandemic, ix, 120, 136-38,237; and food supply, 223, 237; global effects, 277; and populist leaders, 136; and Putin, 120, 136,139; vaccine, 268 CPC (Communist Party of Cuba), 157 CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union), 97, 101-2, 104-5, 108, 167, 283; Nineteenth Conference, 97, 108-9; Statute, 106 Crimea, 3, 20,123, 136, 235 Croats, 161 Cuba, 148, 151, 156-61, 163, 208; dynastic leadership change, 158; economy,
159; military, 158-59 Cuban Popular Socialist party, 157 Cultural Revolution, 149 CYL (Communist Youth League), 152, 159 Czech Republic, 46-47, 52 Dagestan, 54 Darwinian evolution, 171-73 democracy: China, 27; Clinton Administration, 18; and economic policy, 12, 26; and emergence of Internet, 28; George H. W. Bush Administration, 23; Georgia, 187; and NATO, 47; and populism, 120; Putin, 129, 133-34, 189; Russia, 3, 5, 44; spread of, 47; and terrorism, 22; Ukraine, 187 democratization, 18, 22-23, 47-48, 53, 59-60, 109, 148
300 Index Deng Xiaoping, 147-49,152-53 de-Stalinization, 103, 212 Diaz-Canel, Miguel, 159 disease, 205, 207, 210, 213; epidemic, 205-6 Dole, Robert, 17 Dolio’s Law, 172 domestic violence, 246, 252-53, 255-56 Do Muoi, 155 Duma, 46, 251 dynastic succession, 156, 158-60 East Asia, 23 Eastern Europe: collapse of communism, 4, 148, 162, 254; and communist survivor regimes, 163; democratic regimes, 20; and Gorbachev, 14, 16, 44; and health care, 203-7, 209, 211, 213,215; and NATO, 46-47, 62; and Russia, 42,45; and WHO, 208 East Prussia, 78-80, 84 Elchibey, Abulfaz, 188 electoral democracy, 187, 189 epidemics, 206-7 Estonia, 43, 167, 173,188, 190, 251,258; and anti-Semitism, 247; and domestic violence, 252, 256; and ethnic Russians, 44, 248; and human trafficking, 252-54; forced to join Soviet Union, 46; and NATO, 52 European communism, 13-15, 22, 25-26, 30 European Union, 19, 61, 222, 258 extortion, 250-51 Far East, 78, 237 Federal Republic of Germany, 212 Finland, 42, 70, 72, 78-79, 82-83; and human trafficking, 254 Finlandization, 20 food: access to, 221, 223, 227, 234; availability, 221, 223-24, 227, 231,238; and children, 226; and COVID-19 pandemic, 237; domestic production, 229-30, 233, 236; exports, 225, 238; imports, 228-31, 236-38; political impact, 221, 223-24, 238; price of, 221, 224, 226, 228-29, 235, 238-39; quality, 227; rationing, 224, 227; subsidies, 226, 229; under Stalin, 223 food insecurity, 222-25, 227-29 food policy, 221-22, 226, 228, 231 food security, 2, 221-23, 225-37, 239, 274-75, 277 food self-sufficiency, 231, 235-36 food shortages, 223-24, 237 food
supply, 223, 230, 234, 276 food system, 222, 227, 234 foreign policy: Russia, 43, 46, 48, 50, 54, 56; Soviet, 3-5, 49, 104, 283, 288-89; US, 18,41,48, 50, 52 foreign service officers, 284—86, 288-95 Former Soviet Union (FSU), 253-54, 256-57, 267, 273 France, 44, 56, 70, 72-73, 77, 79, 85, 121, 187-88,210-11,214 FSU. See Former Soviet Union G-7, 51 Galdston, Iago, 210 GDR (German Democratic Republic), 208, 212 Georgia, 167, 187,189; breakaway regions, 54-55, 58, 60; and food security, 277; health care, 273;
Index and NATO, 20, 43, 49, 52-53, 55-57, 61-62; Rose Revolution, 57-58; and Russia, 53-54, 58; and the US, 43, 55, 58-59; war with Russia, 20, 41-44, 54, 59, 61, 135 German Democratic Republic (GDR). See GDR (German Democratic Republic) German-Polish War, 82 Germany, 18, 22-23; health care, 206, 211, 213-14; and human trafficking, 254; reunification, 49; and Russia, 56; and the USSR, 70; WWI, 48, 51, 86; WWII, 74-75, 79-80, 82-87 globalization, 27 Gogol, Nikolai, 41 Gorbachev, Mikhail, xi, xiii, 2-5, 14-16, 18, 20, 49,51,53,97-98, 103-9, 148, 150, 292; and Bialer, xi, 5; and food security, 227; and George H. W. Bush, 18; and NATO, 20; and Putin, 53; and Reagan, 18; reforms, xi, 3-5, 14—16, 49, 104-5, 109, 150; rise to power, 97, 150, 292 Graham, Loren, 265 Great Depression, 27 Great Patriotic War, 69, 88 Gromov, Boris, 249 Guatemala, 273 Haiti, 158, 273 Hamming distance matrix, 172-73, 189-90, 193 Harsch, Donna, 212, 214-15 health care, 203-6, 209-13, 222, 257, 265-67, 271, 274, 277-78; ЗОЇ socialized, 265-66 Helsinki Accords, 20 Hitler, Adolf, 69-70, 74, 77, 81 Holbrooke, Richard, 46 hospitals, 228, 272-73 Hough, Jerry, 292-93 Hua Guofeng, 149,152 Hu Jintao, 153 human trafficking, 252-54 Hungary, 46-47, 84, 121, 208-9, 215 Hussein, Saddam, 24 Hu Yaobang, 152 IMF (International Monetary Fund), 271 India, 270, 273-74, 277 Indonesia, 273 inflation, 57, 228-29 International Monetary Fund (IMF). See IMF (International Monetary Fund) Internet, 27-30, 125, 246, 291 Iran, 21, 29, 52, 55 Iraq, 21, 23-24, 52, 58 Iron Curtain, 11,17, 208 Islamic extremism, 23-24 Israel, 247 Italy,
254 Japan, 18, 22-23, 77, 80, 85 Jewish communities, 246-47. See also anti-Semitism Jiang Zemin, 153 Johan, Bela, 203 Kant, Emanuel, 47 Karaganov, Sergei, 49 Kazakh communities, 248 Kazakhstan, 51, 167-69,188-89, 193, 248 Kennan, George F., 16, 48, 53, 269 Kennedy, John F., 271 Kenya, 273, 275 KGB, 45, 227, 248 Khrushchev, Nikita, 98-107, 109, 147, 149, 223, 290, 294; elected first secretary of CPSU, 102;
302 Index resignation, 107 Kim П-sung, 156, 159-60 Kim Jong-il, 159-60 Kim Jong-nam, 160 Kim Jong-un, 159-60 Kingdom of Yugoslavia, 161 Kingsbury, John, 210 Koliševski, Lazar, 162 Korea, 208 Korean War, 160 Kosovo, 54-55, 272-73; independence, 54֊55, 60 Kozyrev, Andrei, 50 Kravchuk, Leonid, 187 Kremlin, 42-44, 48-56, 61, 78, 82-83, 86, 265 Kremlinology, 265 Kuban, 246, 249, 255 Kutuzov, Mikhail, 72 Kyrgyzstan, 52, 168-69, 173, 187-89 Lake, Anthony, 46 language, xiii, 120; and Medvedev, 132; and monarchy, 124; and populism, 121-22; and Putin, 123-24, 132-33, 139-40 Laos, 148, 151, 163 Latin America, 50, 267, 273, 277 Latvia, 43 44, 52, 167, 173,188, 190; and domestic violence, 256; and ethnic Russians, 248 Law on Aliens, 248 leadership successions, xii, 2, 147, 149, 151, 154-55, 159, 161 League of Nations Health Organization. See LNHO League of Nations Health Section, 203 Le Duan, 154 LeKhaPhieu, 155 Lenin, Vladimir, 5, 97-98, 102-3, 105, 148—49, 223 LePen, Marine, 122 Ligachev, Yegor, 108-9 Lipman, Maria, 50 Lithuania, 167, 188, 190; and domestic violence, 253,255; and human trafficking, 252, 254; and NATO, 43, 52 LNHO (League of Nations Health Organization), 206, 211 Lukashenka, Aleksandr, 168 MAD (mutually assured destruction), 52 Madame Mao, 156 Malenkov, Georgii, 74, 100-102, 105, 107 Mali, 273 Mandelbaum, Michael, 4,48 Mannerheim, Carl Gustaf Emil, 79 Mao Zedong, 6, 149, 152, 154, 157, 161 Marshall Plan, 269 Marx, Karl, xiii, 194 Marxism-Leninism, 14, 126 McFaul, Michael, 52 McKeown, Thomas, 210 Mearsheimer, John, 45,49 medicine, 203-6, 209, 211, 213, 237, 266
Medvedev, Dmitry, 123, 125,127, 129, 132-33, 135,221,231 Membership Action Plan (NATO), 55 Meretskov, Kirill, 79, 82 Meri, Lennart, 46 Middle East, 21-22, 55, 221 migrants, 257-58 Mikoyan, Anastas, 70, 99-100, 104-5 Ministry of Agriculture, Russian Federation, 224, 237-38 minorities, 54, 121, 133, 248, 255-56 Mishustin, Mikhail, 225, 239 Moldova, 167,187-88, 249; and anti-Semitism, 247; and domestic violence, 256; and human trafficking, 254 Molotov, Vyacheslav Μ., 76, 78, 88, 99-100 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 167 Mongolia, 3 Monroe Doctrine, 50
Index МР-41, 83 Muslim communities, 50,135,168, 188 Mustard, Allan, 226 mutually assured destruction (MAD). See MAD (mutually assured destruction) National Security Agency, 29 NATO: Bucharest summit, 55, 59; enlargement, 18-20, 42 43, 45-50, 52, 54, 56-57, 61; and Georgia, 56; and Kosovo, 54; membership, 46-47, 54, 58; military, 50, 62; and Russia, 61, 134; and Ukraine, 19-20, 49, 51-54, 61-62; and the US, 19, 31, 45-50, 52, 54-56, 58, 61-62 Nazarbaev, Nursultan, 188 Nazi Germany, 1,23, 74, 86, 100 Nazi-Soviet Pact, 73 neoliberalism, 25, 27-28, 121 Nepal, 273-75 New Economic Policy, 223 NGOs, 52, 246, 253 Nguyen Phu Trong, 155-56 Nicaragua, 158 Nong Duc Manh, 155 North Caucasus, 257 North Korea, 148, 151, 156-57, 159-61, 163 North Vietnam, 154 Obama, Barack, 24-25, 61, 266 October Revolution, 103 Odesa region, 79, 249 Operation Barbarossa, 69, 77, 87 Orange Revolution, 52-53, 187 Orban, Victor, 119, 121 Oviir, Siiri, 254 Pakistan, 24 303 pandemics, 30, 120, 136, 138, 223, 235, 237-38, 268 Pandora’s box hypothesis, 170,193 Parisot, Jacques, 210 parliamentarian presidentialism, 187-90 Partnership for Peace (PIP). See PfP (Partnership for Peace) Patolichev, Nikolai, 105 People’s Democratic Republic of Vietnam. See North Vietnam Perón regime, 158 Perry, William, 46, 62 persecution, 245-46, 249, 254-57 Peru, 273 Pervukhin, Mikhail, 103 Peters, John, 273 PfP (Partnership for Peace), 19, 46, 48,51 Phan Dien, 155 Philippines, 285 phylogenetic data analysis, 171-72 planned economy, xii-xiii, 225, 227 Poland, 188-89, 283-84, 288; and Bialer, 2, 282; and democracy, 47; and health
care, 206, 208-9; and NATO, 46-47, 52; partition, 75; and populism, 121; and Solidarity, 5; WWII, 72-73, 75, 77, 82, 84, 88 Politburo, 74-75, 80-81, 83, 97-99, 105, 108-9, 154-55, 157, 159 Politburo Commission on Foreign Affairs, 99 Politburo Standing Committee, 152 political stability, and food security, 2, 221,223, 238 populism, 119-22, 135, 139 populist language, 120, 127, 136, 139 populist leaders, 119-25, 136, 139 Poroshenko, Petro, 187 Pospelov, PetrN., 103,105 post-Soviet nations, 167-71, 173,190, 245, 247, 253-58, 269
304 post-Soviet regime types, 168, 172-73, 190, 193 post-Soviet Russia, 31, 41-42, 188, 222, 249 Potsdam Protocol, 207 poverty, 231, 269-70, 272-74, 276 Powell, Colin, 286 Prague Spring, 42 presidentialism, 168-69, 173, 188 Presidium, 99-107. See also Politburo propiska, 246, 256-58 prostitution, 254. See also human trafficking public health, 2, 203-5, 208-16. See also health care Putin, Vladimir, xii, 169, 188-89, 250; and authoritarianism, 22, 28; and COVID-19 pandemic, 136-39, 237; and Donald Trump, 25, 136; elected president, 50, 230; and food security, 230; invasion of Ukraine, 31, 42; and NATO, 48, 53, 55, 61-62; and political freedom, 50,140; popularity, 123,139; and populism, 119-20,123-24, 133, 136, 139; Russo-Georgian War, 41, 62; speeches, 124-25, 127, 129, 133, 135-36,138; and the US, 45,49, 56, 62; use of language, 120, 123-24, 129, 132-36, 138-40 qualified democracies, 173, 187, 190 Rajchman, Ludwik, 203, 206 Reagan, Ronald, 5, 16-18, 20, 23 Reagan Administration, 18, 283 Red Army, 70-71, 73, 76, 78-79, 83-84, 86-89 refugee claims, 245, 247, 249-52, 255, 259 Index refugees, 245-47, 257 refugee status, 2, 246,253, 258 Republican Party, 17, 27, 43,46 Rice, Condoleezza, 22, 42, 59 Rokossovskii, Konstantin K., 72 Romania, 52, 55, 84, 167, 208, 269 Rose Revolution, 57-58 rural communities, 267,276-78 Russia, 6, 246,249, 251; 1917 Revolution, 41; 1946 famine, 224; agriculture, 236-38; and anti-Semitism, 247; and authoritarianism, 28; and Chechnya, 54; and COVID-19 pandemic, 137, 237; and democracy, 3, 22, 188; and domestic violence, 252-53, 256; economic recession,
235; food production, 236-37; and food security, 221-25, 228-33, 235-36, 277; and Georgia, 43, 53, 55, 58; and health care, 267; and human trafficking, 252, 254; invasion of Ukraine, 2, 20, 42, 62; and Kosovo, 54; and Napoleon, 78, 89; and NATO, 19-20, 42-43, 46, 48-49, 51-54, 57,61; and populism, 119,133,136; post-Soviet, 31, 41-42, 167, 169, 173, 187-89, 193, 222, 249; prerevolutionary, 266; and refugees, 257; rural communities, 278; Russo-Georgian War, 2, 41-63, 135; secessionist movements, 18; Soviet, 69, 167, 207,214; and Ukraine, 20, 52; and the US, 12, 19, 24, 28-29, 31, 43, 45-46, 48, 50-52, 55-56, 62; and the World Bank, 269; WWII, 74, 76 Russian National Union, 247
Index Russians, ethnic, 44, 246-48, 255, 257 Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, 97 Russo-Georgian War, 2, 41-63, 135 Rüütel, Arnold, 173, 188 Ryle, John, 210 Ryzhkov, Nikolai, 108 Saakashvili, Mikheil, 41, 44, 55, 57-61 Sabin vaccine, 208 Salk vaccine, 208 Sand, Rene, 210-11 Second World War, 69, 98 Semashko, Nikolai, 210 Serbia, 19, 54 Serbs, 50,161 Seventh Party Congress, 155 Shaposhnikov, Boris Μ., 72, 76-79, 81,84 Shevtsova, Liliia, 50 Sigerist, Henry, 210-11 Sixth Party Congress, 154-55 Slovakia, 52 Slovenia, 52 Snegur, Mircea, 188 Somoza dynasty, 158 South America, 236 South Ossetia, 42-44, 54-60 South Vietnam, 155 Southwestern Front, 79-80, 84, 88 Soviet Armed Forces, 74-75, 77, 86-87 Sovietization, 204, 212-13, 215 Soviet Paradox, 4 Soviet Union, 41, 138; and Bialer, xiii, 4, 282-83, 287-88, 291, 293; and children, 268; disintegration, 3, 5, 11-12, 14-17, 42-45, 53-54, 119, 135, 148, 266, 268; and domestic violence, 252; and food availability, 223-24, 227; and Gorbachev, 4-5, 18, 44, 49, 150, 284; government, 98,100,107,167, 189; 305 and health care, 204-7, 209, 211, 213-14, 265-66; and NATO, 19, 43, 46, 49, 54; and refugees, 253; and Russia, 188, 257; and succession, 149, 163; and the US, 13-14, 16-17, 23, 25, 46,51; and the WHO, 206,215; WWII, 23, 69-73, 75, 77-78, 80, 83, 86-87 Soviet Winter War, 83 Stalin, Joseph, 3, 6, 102, 148; death, 98-101, 109, 203; and food production, 223; illness, 100, 103; leadership, 98-101; purges, 103, 105; succession, 147, 149; WWII, 69-79, 81-82, 85-86, 89; and Yugoslavia, 103, 161 Stalin and His Generals, 5, 71 Stalin’s
Successors, xi֊l, 3, 282 Stampar, Andrija, 203 strong presidentialism, 188-89 succession, 149-51, 156-57, 160-61, 287; consociational, 161; corporate, 151-53, 156; dynastic, 156, 158-60; process, 150-51, 153, 157 succession trap, 147-63 superpowers, 4, 13,270 Supreme Council, 173, 189 survivor communist regimes, 147—49,151 Suslov, Mikhail A., 103, 105-6 Svechin, Alexander, 72 Syria, 136,173 T-34 (tank), 83, 88 Tajikistan, 168-69, 189 Talbott, Strobe, 56 Tanzania, 273 Tatars, 246, 249
306 Tea Parly, 27 terrorism, 21-24, 28, 54,136 Tet Offensive, 155 Thatcher, Margaret, 5 Tiananmen Square protests, 27, 152-53 Timor-Leste, 273 Timoshenko, Semyon, 74, 76, 78-79, 81,83,86 Titmuss, Richard, 210 Tito, Josip Broz, 161-62 Tran Dai Quang, 156 Transdniestria, 249 TRQs (tariff-rate quotas), 231-32 Truman, Harry, 22 Trump, Donald, 25, 29-30,122-23 Truong Chinh, 154 tuberculosis, 212-13 Tukhachevskii, Mikhail N., 70, 72, 76 Turkmenistan, 168-69,188, 226 Twentieth Party Congress of CPSU, 98, 102 Twenty-fifth Party Congress of CPSU, 290 Twenty-fourth Party Congress of CPSU, 290 Twenty-sixth Party Congress of CPSU, 283, 290 Tymoshenko, Yuha, 187 Uganda, 273 Ukraine, 188-90, 251, 258, 277; and anti-Semitism, 247; and children, 269; and Cossacks, 249; and democracy, 187,193; and domestic violence, 253, 256; ethnic tensions, 249; and food production, 223; and human trafficking, 252, 254; and NATO, 19-20, 49, 51-54, 61-62; Orange Revolution, 52; and Russia, 20, 136, 235; Russian invasion, 2, 31, 42, 62,167; secessionist movements, 18; WWII, 79, 84, 88 Index UNDP (United Nations Development Program), 253, 269, 277 UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund), 211, 269-70 United Kingdom, 121, 210, 253 United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). See UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) United Nations Development Program. See UNDP United States, xii, 3, 5; and Afghanistan, 21; America First policies, 25; and capitalism, 12; and children, 270; and climate change, 29; and the Cold War, 13-14,16-17, 25-26, 28,31,41,269; and COVID-19 pandemic, 268; and cyber attacks, 29; and food
availability, 224, 235; and Georgia, 43, 56-59, 61; and health care, 204-5, 207, 210, 214, 265-66, 272; and Iraq, 24, 52; military, 14,16, 20,29, 51; and NATO, 19, 31, 45-50, 52, 54-56, 58, 61-62; policy, 12, 16, 18, 22, 24-25, 31, 41, 45, 48; and populism, 121; public view of, 293-94; and refugees, 247, 252; and Russia, 41^43, 45-46, 48, 50-51, 53-56, 60-62, 123,136; and the Soviet Union, 12-14, 16-17, 23, 25, 269, 282; and superpresidentialism, 169; and terrorism, 21-24; and trade, 222; and Ukraine, 62; War on Tenor, 58 UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration), 206
Index USAID (United States Agency for International Development), 271 USS Cole, 20 USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). See Soviet Union Ustinov, Dmitrii, 106 Uzbekistan, 168-69, 188, 247-48, 251 vaccines, 207-8, 212, 215 Vargha, Dora, 208, 215 Vasilevskii, A.M., 75, 78-79, 83, 86 Vatutin, Nikolai, 79 VCP (Vietnamese Communist Party), 154-55 Vietnam, 16, 45, 148, 151, 154, 156, 158-59, 163, 208 Vietnamese Communist Party. See VCP Vietnamese People’s Army, 155 Volkogonov, Dmitri, 98 Vo Nguyen Giap, 154 Voroshilov, Kliment, 99 War on Terror, 58 Warsaw Pact, 43 Weber, Max, xiii Wehrmacht, 69-71, 73, 75, 77, 82, 84, 87 Weinerman, Richard, 209-10, 212 307 Weinerman, Shirley, 209 WHO (World Health Organization), 206-8,211,215 Wilson, Woodrow, 47 Winslow, C.E.A., 210 Wolfensohn, James, 270 World Bank, 3, 221, 232, 267-71, 276-77 World Health Organization. See WHO World War I (WWI), 48, 86,168, 206 World War II (WWII), 2, 5, 21-22, 25, 45, 205, 228, 248, 266, 271 Xi Jinping, 153, 156 Yakovlev, Alexander, 5 Yanukovych, Viktor, 62, 187-88 Yeltsin, Boris, 18-19, 28, 44-46, 49-51, 55, 123, 187, 224, 251 Yugoslavia, 45, 55,103, 151, 161-62, 206 Zhao Ziyang, 152 Zhdanov, Andrei, 100 Zhirinovsky, Vladimir, 46 Zhukov, Georgii, 73-75, 77, 80, 82-83, 85-88, 105 |
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| index_date | 2024-07-03T20:15:28Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:36:08Z |
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| spelling | The post-communist world in the twenty-first century how the past informs the present edited by Barbara Ann Chotiner and Linda J. Cook ; with contributions by Andrea Chandler [und 11 weiteren] ; foreword by Jack Snyder Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London Lexington Books [2022] © 2022 XIV, 313 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "This volume presents studies by senior scholars and practitioners highly relevant to contemporary events in Russia, Ukraine and other postcommunist states that are challenging the international order. Contributors provide new insights into the politics of these states, agendas driving their behavior, and how leaders' differing perceptions produce international conflict" Geschichte 1941- gnd rswk-swf Politische Führung (DE-588)4115584-1 gnd rswk-swf Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd rswk-swf Nachfolgestaaten (DE-588)4328855-8 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Post-communism / History / 21st century Post-communism (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Nachfolgestaaten (DE-588)4328855-8 s Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 s Politische Führung (DE-588)4115584-1 s Geschichte 1941- z DE-604 Chotiner, Barbara A. (DE-588)170503232 edt Cook, Linda J. 1952- (DE-588)171049241 edt Chandler, Andrea 1963- (DE-588)1146081197 edt Snyder, Jack L. 1951- (DE-588)124830889 wpr Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-1-79363-610-2 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033745094&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033745094&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | The post-communist world in the twenty-first century how the past informs the present Politische Führung (DE-588)4115584-1 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd Nachfolgestaaten (DE-588)4328855-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4115584-1 (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4328855-8 (DE-588)4077548-3 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | The post-communist world in the twenty-first century how the past informs the present |
| title_auth | The post-communist world in the twenty-first century how the past informs the present |
| title_exact_search | The post-communist world in the twenty-first century how the past informs the present |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The post-communist world in the twenty-first century how the past informs the present |
| title_full | The post-communist world in the twenty-first century how the past informs the present edited by Barbara Ann Chotiner and Linda J. Cook ; with contributions by Andrea Chandler [und 11 weiteren] ; foreword by Jack Snyder |
| title_fullStr | The post-communist world in the twenty-first century how the past informs the present edited by Barbara Ann Chotiner and Linda J. Cook ; with contributions by Andrea Chandler [und 11 weiteren] ; foreword by Jack Snyder |
| title_full_unstemmed | The post-communist world in the twenty-first century how the past informs the present edited by Barbara Ann Chotiner and Linda J. Cook ; with contributions by Andrea Chandler [und 11 weiteren] ; foreword by Jack Snyder |
| title_short | The post-communist world in the twenty-first century |
| title_sort | the post communist world in the twenty first century how the past informs the present |
| title_sub | how the past informs the present |
| topic | Politische Führung (DE-588)4115584-1 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd Nachfolgestaaten (DE-588)4328855-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Politische Führung Politik Nachfolgestaaten Sowjetunion Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033745094&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033745094&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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