ICT Equipment Investment and Growth in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries:
While production of ICT equipment plays a subordinate role for economic growth in most of these countries, they do benefit from capital deepening arising from falling prices of ICT equipment. Adapting established growth accounting approaches to the data environment of low-income countries, we quanti...
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, D.C
International Monetary Fund
2010
|
Schriftenreihe: | IMF Working Papers
Working Paper No. 10/66 |
Online-Zugang: | UBW01 UEI01 LCO01 SBR01 UER01 SBG01 UBG01 FAN01 UBT01 FKE01 UBY01 UBA01 FLA01 UBM01 UPA01 UBR01 FHA01 FNU01 BSB01 TUM01 Volltext |
Zusammenfassung: | While production of ICT equipment plays a subordinate role for economic growth in most of these countries, they do benefit from capital deepening arising from falling prices of ICT equipment. Adapting established growth accounting approaches to the data environment of low-income countries, we quantify the growth impacts of absorption of ICT equipment, finding that ICT-related capital deepening contributed 0.2 percentage points to growth in low-income countries, and 0.3 percentage points in low-middle-income countries. The latter is about half the level typically found for industrialized countries |
Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource (50 p) |
ISBN: | 1451982100 9781451982107 |
Internformat
MARC
LEADER | 00000nmm a2200000 cb4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | BV048349769 | ||
003 | DE-604 | ||
005 | 00000000000000.0 | ||
007 | cr|uuu---uuuuu | ||
008 | 220713s2010 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d | ||
020 | |a 1451982100 |c 18.00 USD |9 1-451-98210-0 | ||
020 | |a 9781451982107 |c 18.00 USD |9 978-1-451-98210-7 | ||
035 | |a (ZDB-1-IMF)845896253 | ||
035 | |a (OCoLC)1337114767 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV048349769 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger | ||
041 | 0 | |a eng | |
049 | |a DE-20 |a DE-824 |a DE-70 |a DE-155 |a DE-29 |a DE-22 |a DE-473 |a DE-1102 |a DE-703 |a DE-859 |a DE-706 |a DE-384 |a DE-860 |a DE-19 |a DE-739 |a DE-355 |a DE-Aug4 |a DE-1049 |a DE-12 |a DE-91 | ||
100 | 1 | |a Haacker, Markus |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a ICT Equipment Investment and Growth in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries |c Haacker, Markus |
264 | 1 | |a Washington, D.C |b International Monetary Fund |c 2010 | |
300 | |a 1 Online-Ressource (50 p) | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
490 | 0 | |a IMF Working Papers |v Working Paper No. 10/66 | |
520 | 3 | |a While production of ICT equipment plays a subordinate role for economic growth in most of these countries, they do benefit from capital deepening arising from falling prices of ICT equipment. Adapting established growth accounting approaches to the data environment of low-income countries, we quantify the growth impacts of absorption of ICT equipment, finding that ICT-related capital deepening contributed 0.2 percentage points to growth in low-income countries, and 0.3 percentage points in low-middle-income countries. The latter is about half the level typically found for industrialized countries | |
533 | |a Online-Ausg | ||
856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |x Verlag |z URL des Erstveröffentlichers |3 Volltext |
912 | |a ZDB-1-IMF | ||
999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033729037 | ||
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l UBW01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l UEI01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l LCO01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l SBR01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l UER01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l SBG01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l UBG01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l FAN01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l UBT01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l FKE01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l UBY01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l UBA01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l FLA01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l UBM01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l UPA01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l UBR01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l FHA01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l FNU01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l BSB01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |l TUM01 |p ZDB-1-IMF |x Verlag |3 Volltext |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804184203061886976 |
---|---|
adam_txt | |
any_adam_object | |
any_adam_object_boolean | |
author | Haacker, Markus |
author_facet | Haacker, Markus |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Haacker, Markus |
author_variant | m h mh |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV048349769 |
collection | ZDB-1-IMF |
ctrlnum | (ZDB-1-IMF)845896253 (OCoLC)1337114767 (DE-599)BVBBV048349769 |
format | Electronic eBook |
fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>04971nmm a2200577 cb4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV048349769</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">00000000000000.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr|uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">220713s2010 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1451982100</subfield><subfield code="c">18.00 USD</subfield><subfield code="9">1-451-98210-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781451982107</subfield><subfield code="c">18.00 USD</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-451-98210-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ZDB-1-IMF)845896253</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1337114767</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV048349769</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-20</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-824</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-70</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-155</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-29</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-22</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1102</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-703</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-859</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-706</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-384</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-860</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-739</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-355</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Aug4</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1049</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-91</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Haacker, Markus</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">ICT Equipment Investment and Growth in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries</subfield><subfield code="c">Haacker, Markus</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Washington, D.C</subfield><subfield code="b">International Monetary Fund</subfield><subfield code="c">2010</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 Online-Ressource (50 p)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">IMF Working Papers</subfield><subfield code="v">Working Paper No. 10/66</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">While production of ICT equipment plays a subordinate role for economic growth in most of these countries, they do benefit from capital deepening arising from falling prices of ICT equipment. Adapting established growth accounting approaches to the data environment of low-income countries, we quantify the growth impacts of absorption of ICT equipment, finding that ICT-related capital deepening contributed 0.2 percentage points to growth in low-income countries, and 0.3 percentage points in low-middle-income countries. The latter is about half the level typically found for industrialized countries</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="533" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ausg</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="z">URL des Erstveröffentlichers</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033729037</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">UBW01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">UEI01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">LCO01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">SBR01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">UER01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">SBG01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">UBG01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">FAN01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">UBT01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">FKE01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">UBY01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">UBA01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">FLA01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">UBM01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">UPA01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">UBR01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">FHA01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">FNU01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">BSB01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml</subfield><subfield code="l">TUM01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-1-IMF</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
id | DE-604.BV048349769 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
index_date | 2024-07-03T20:13:27Z |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:35:36Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 1451982100 9781451982107 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033729037 |
oclc_num | 1337114767 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-20 DE-824 DE-70 DE-155 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 DE-22 DE-BY-UBG DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-1102 DE-703 DE-859 DE-706 DE-384 DE-860 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-739 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-Aug4 DE-1049 DE-12 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM |
owner_facet | DE-20 DE-824 DE-70 DE-155 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 DE-22 DE-BY-UBG DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-1102 DE-703 DE-859 DE-706 DE-384 DE-860 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-739 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-Aug4 DE-1049 DE-12 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM |
physical | 1 Online-Ressource (50 p) |
psigel | ZDB-1-IMF |
publishDate | 2010 |
publishDateSearch | 2010 |
publishDateSort | 2010 |
publisher | International Monetary Fund |
record_format | marc |
series2 | IMF Working Papers |
spelling | Haacker, Markus Verfasser aut ICT Equipment Investment and Growth in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries Haacker, Markus Washington, D.C International Monetary Fund 2010 1 Online-Ressource (50 p) txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier IMF Working Papers Working Paper No. 10/66 While production of ICT equipment plays a subordinate role for economic growth in most of these countries, they do benefit from capital deepening arising from falling prices of ICT equipment. Adapting established growth accounting approaches to the data environment of low-income countries, we quantify the growth impacts of absorption of ICT equipment, finding that ICT-related capital deepening contributed 0.2 percentage points to growth in low-income countries, and 0.3 percentage points in low-middle-income countries. The latter is about half the level typically found for industrialized countries Online-Ausg http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml Verlag URL des Erstveröffentlichers Volltext |
spellingShingle | Haacker, Markus ICT Equipment Investment and Growth in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries |
title | ICT Equipment Investment and Growth in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries |
title_auth | ICT Equipment Investment and Growth in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries |
title_exact_search | ICT Equipment Investment and Growth in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries |
title_exact_search_txtP | ICT Equipment Investment and Growth in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries |
title_full | ICT Equipment Investment and Growth in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries Haacker, Markus |
title_fullStr | ICT Equipment Investment and Growth in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries Haacker, Markus |
title_full_unstemmed | ICT Equipment Investment and Growth in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries Haacker, Markus |
title_short | ICT Equipment Investment and Growth in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries |
title_sort | ict equipment investment and growth in low and lower middle income countries |
url | http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107/10807-9781451982107.xml |
work_keys_str_mv | AT haackermarkus ictequipmentinvestmentandgrowthinlowandlowermiddleincomecountries |