Measurement of Co-Circulation of Currencies:
"Co-circulation" involves the regular use of two or more currencies within an economy. This paper examines methodologies to measure the extent to which foreign currencies are circulated within an economy. Ample anecdotal evidence exists that the U.S. dollar, DM, and other currencies are wi...
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1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, D.C
International Monetary Fund
1995
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Schriftenreihe: | IMF Working Papers
Working Paper No. 95/34 |
Online-Zugang: | UBW01 UEI01 LCO01 SBR01 UER01 SBG01 UBG01 FAN01 UBT01 FKE01 UBY01 UBA01 FLA01 UBM01 UPA01 UBR01 FHA01 FNU01 BSB01 TUM01 URL des Erstveröffentlichers |
Zusammenfassung: | "Co-circulation" involves the regular use of two or more currencies within an economy. This paper examines methodologies to measure the extent to which foreign currencies are circulated within an economy. Ample anecdotal evidence exists that the U.S. dollar, DM, and other currencies are widely used outside their home countries, as general mediums of exchange, as speculative instruments, or as means of saving. Co-circulation is rarely estimated, which can result in serious errors in statistical estimates of international capital flows and monetary aggregates. We examine a variety of measurement techniques that might be used in various situations. However, estimation remains difficult or impossible in some settings. Limited evidence available suggests that co-circulation is widespread and large scale in some countries. In the final section, we discuss some policy implications of co-circulation regarding seigniorage, inflation control, and the partial integration of monetary systems that accompanies co-circulation. An appendix by Roman Zytek discusses possible sampling biases in measuring co-circulation due to segmentation in markets |
Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource (42 p) |
ISBN: | 1451845227 9781451845228 |
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record_format | marc |
series2 | IMF Working Papers |
spelling | Krueger, Russell C. Verfasser aut Measurement of Co-Circulation of Currencies Krueger, Russell C Washington, D.C International Monetary Fund 1995 1 Online-Ressource (42 p) txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier IMF Working Papers Working Paper No. 95/34 "Co-circulation" involves the regular use of two or more currencies within an economy. This paper examines methodologies to measure the extent to which foreign currencies are circulated within an economy. Ample anecdotal evidence exists that the U.S. dollar, DM, and other currencies are widely used outside their home countries, as general mediums of exchange, as speculative instruments, or as means of saving. Co-circulation is rarely estimated, which can result in serious errors in statistical estimates of international capital flows and monetary aggregates. We examine a variety of measurement techniques that might be used in various situations. However, estimation remains difficult or impossible in some settings. Limited evidence available suggests that co-circulation is widespread and large scale in some countries. In the final section, we discuss some policy implications of co-circulation regarding seigniorage, inflation control, and the partial integration of monetary systems that accompanies co-circulation. An appendix by Roman Zytek discusses possible sampling biases in measuring co-circulation due to segmentation in markets Online-Ausg Ha, Jiming Sonstige oth http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/04570-9781451845228/04570-9781451845228/04570-9781451845228.xml Verlag URL des Erstveröffentlichers Volltext |
spellingShingle | Krueger, Russell C. Measurement of Co-Circulation of Currencies |
title | Measurement of Co-Circulation of Currencies |
title_auth | Measurement of Co-Circulation of Currencies |
title_exact_search | Measurement of Co-Circulation of Currencies |
title_exact_search_txtP | Measurement of Co-Circulation of Currencies |
title_full | Measurement of Co-Circulation of Currencies Krueger, Russell C |
title_fullStr | Measurement of Co-Circulation of Currencies Krueger, Russell C |
title_full_unstemmed | Measurement of Co-Circulation of Currencies Krueger, Russell C |
title_short | Measurement of Co-Circulation of Currencies |
title_sort | measurement of co circulation of currencies |
url | http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/04570-9781451845228/04570-9781451845228/04570-9781451845228.xml |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kruegerrussellc measurementofcocirculationofcurrencies AT hajiming measurementofcocirculationofcurrencies |