Places of tenderness and heat: the queer milieu of fin-de-siècle St. Petersburg
"The emphasis of this book is as much on the routine behaviors of queer men, ranging from informal socialization to outright sexual transgression, as it is about the efforts of constables, administrators, government officials, and sanitary inspectors to maintain moral order. Petri describes a s...
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Ithaca ; London
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2022
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "The emphasis of this book is as much on the routine behaviors of queer men, ranging from informal socialization to outright sexual transgression, as it is about the efforts of constables, administrators, government officials, and sanitary inspectors to maintain moral order. Petri describes a surprisingly stable entente between illicit communion and municipal authorities' paternalistic ambitions." |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis Seite 223-243 |
| Beschreibung: | xx, 254 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Diagramm |
| ISBN: | 9781501763779 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a St. Petersburg and its familiar strangers -- Policing sex and desire -- Queer Streetlife -- Bathing in the queer city -- Cruising in the pays du tendre | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents List of Figures and Maps Acknowledgments ix xi A Note on Transliteration, Translations, and Dates A Note on Terminology xv xvii Introduction 1 1. St. Petersburg and Its Familiar Strangers 26 2. Policing Sex and Desire 64 3. Queer Streetlife 96 4. Bathing in the Queer City 125 5. Cruising in the Pays du Tendre 154 175 Conclusion Appendix: Key Sources Notes 187 Bibliography Index 245 223 183
Bibliography Primary Sources Archival Sources Studied Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg (TsGIA SPb) Fond 14, Imperatorskii Petrogradskii universitet (Petrograd Imperial University) Fond 155, Sanitarno-epidemiologicheskoe biuro sanitarnoj komissii Petrogradskoi gorodskoi úpravy (Sanitary and Epidemiological Bureau of the Sanitary Commission of the Petrograd City Council) Fond 210, Petrogradskaia gorodskaia sanitarnaia komissiia (Petrograd Sanitary Commission) Fond 256, Stroiteľnoe otdelenie Petrogradskogo gubernskogo upravleniia (Con struction Department of the Petrograd City Council) Fond 479, Petrogradskaia kazennaia palata (Petrograd State Chamber) Fond 515, Petrogradskoe gorodskoe kreditnoe obshchestvo (Petrograd Credit Society) Fond 569, Upravlenie Petrogradskogo gradonachal’stva i stolichnoi politsii (Department of the Petrograd Mayor’s Administration and the Capital City’s Police) Fond 792, Petrogradskaia gorodskaia duma (Petrograd City Duma) Fond 965, Petrogradskaia sysknaia politsiia (Petrograd Police Investigative Department) Fond 1648, Pohtseiskie uchastki Petrograga (Petrograd Borough Police Stations) Russian State Historical Archive (RG1A) Fond 1284, Departament obshchikh del MVD (Department of General Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs) Fond 1288, Glavnoe upravlenie po delam mestnogo khoziaistva MVD (Main Administration of Municipal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs) Fond 1290, Tsentral’nyi statisticheskii komitet MVD (Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs) Fond 1400, Documenty iz unichtozhennykh
del senata i ministerstva iustityii (Documents from the destroyed files of the Senate and the Ministry of Justice) Fond 1405, Ministerstvo iustitsii (Ministry of Justice) Fond 1406, Redaktsiia zhurnala ministerstva iustitsii (Editorial Office of the Journal of the Ministry of Justice) 223
224 BIBLIOGRAPHY Fond 1683, Ostrovskii Mikhail Nikolaevich (1827-1901), Ministr gosudarsktvennykh imushchestv, predsedateľ departamenta zakonov, pochetnyi chien Akademii nauk, chien gosudarstvennogo sověta (fond of Mikhail Nikolaev ich Ostrovskii) State Archive of the Russian Federation, Moscow (GARF) Fond 102, Departament politsii MVD (Department of Police the Ministry of Internal Affairs) Fond 111, Otdelenie po okhraneniiu obshchestvennoi bezopasnosti i poriadka (Okhrannoe otdelenie) pri Petrogradskom gradonachaľnike (Department for Protecting Public Security and Order, under the Petrograd Mayor) Fond 124, Ugolovnoe otdelenie pervogo departamenta ministerstva iustitsii (Criminal Division of the First Department of the Ministry of Justice) Fond 564, Koni Anatolii Fedorovich (Personal Fond of Anatolii Fedorovich Koni) Archival Sources Cited in the Book Documents in Russian archives are categorized by their collection (fond), section (opis'), and file (delo), and page number (list). Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg (TsGIA SPb) Fond 155, Sanitarno-epidemiologicheskoe biuro sanitarnoi komissii Petrogradskoi gorodskoi úpravy (Sanitary and Epidemiological Bureau of the Sanitary Commission of the Petrograd City Council) TsGIA SPb, f. 155, o. 1, d. 186, Ob osmotre domov, dvorov, i drugoe, 1910. Fond 210, Petrogradskaia gorodskaia sanitarnaia komissiia (Petrograd Sanitary Commission) TsGIA SPb, f. 210, o. 1, d. 319, Ob osmotre domov, dvorov i drugikh mest stolitsi, 1908-1909. TsGIASPb, f. 210, o. 1, d. 484, Obustroistvegorodskikhnarodnykhban, 1910-1916. TsGIA
SPb, f. 210, o. 1, d. 613, Ob organizatsii i deiateľnosti gorodskoi sanitarnogo nadzora, 1914. Fond 256, Stroitel'noe otdelenie Petrogradskogo gubernskogo upravleniia (Construction Department of the Petrograd City Council) TsGIA SPb, f. 256, o. 3, d. 357, Ob osvideteľstvovanii torgovykh ban' v Kolomenskoi, Narvskoi, Spasskoi, 1871. Fond 479, Petrogradskaia kazennaia palata (Petrograd State Chamber) TsGIA, SPb, f. 479, o. 22, d. 1479, О Materialakh za 1900, 1899-1900. Fond 515, Petrogradskoe gorodskoe kreditnoe obshchestvo (Petrograd Credit Society) TsGIA SPb, f. 515, о. 1, d. 6702, O zaloge imushchestva, N. N. Gavrilovoi, N. I. Vul'fson, E. O. Ivanovoi po Suvorovskomu Prospektu, 69, laroslavskoi ul. 2, i laroslavskoi pl. 2,1890-1914. Fond 569, Upravlenie Petrogradskogo gradonachal’stva i stolichnoi politsii (Police Mayoral’s central administrative apparatus) TsGIA SPb, f. 569, o. 10, d. 104, Tsirkuliary departamenta politsii, 1910-1914,1910, no. 2199, October 21, 1910. TsGIA, f. 569, o. 10, d. 104, Tsirkuliary departamenta politsii, 1910-1914, Tsyrkuliar ot 3 aprelia 1910 goda, no. 5847.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 225 TsGIA, SPb f. 569, o. 11, d. 426, Delo o zakrytí! ban’ dopustivshikh besporiadok i razvrat, 1887-1890. TsGIA SPb, f. 569, o. 12, d. 118, Delo о soderzhanii gostinits prevrashchennykh v pritony razvrata (spiski, otnosheniia, raporta), 26.06.1909-04.10.1919. TsGIA SPb, f. 569, 0.17, d. 999, O vzyskanii mer к nedopushcheniiu razvrata v gostinitsakh, 1908. Fond 792, Petrogradskaia gorodskaia duma (Petrograd City Duma) TsGIA SPb, f. 792, o. 1, d. 3211, O dopolnenii primechaniem paragrafa 10 obiazateľnogo postanovleniia ob ustroistve v S.֊Peterburge obshchestvennykhban’, 1881. TsGIA SPb, f. 792, o. 1, d. 3337, Po zaiavleniiui glasnogo V I. Likhacheva o neispolnenii upravoi izdannogo v 1879 obiazateľnogo postanovleniia о baniakh, 1882-1887. TsGIA SPb, f. 792, о. 1, d. 3682, Po pros’be soderzhatelei nomernykh odnosemeinykh ban' ob ötmene trebovaniia s nikh aktsiza v dokhod goroda, 1883. TsGIA SPb, f. 792, o. 1, d. 7705, Po khodataistvu banevladeľtsev otnositeľno uvelicheniia vkhodnoi platy za poľzovanie baniami, 1900. TsGIA, SPb, f. 792, o. 1, d. 8532, Ob izmenenii i dopolnenii obiazateľnogo postanov leniia ob ustroistve v S.-Peterburge obshchestvennykh ban’ i o poriadke proizvodstva bannogo promysla, 1902. Fond 967, Petrogradskaia sysknaia politsiia (Police Investigative Department) TsGIA SPb, f. 965, о. 1, d. 1614, О pedaraste Ludvige Adamoviche Zimmel’, 1900. TsGIA SPb, f. 965, o. 1, d. 1631, Po anonimy o besporiadkakh i krazakh, sovershaemykh v Tavricheskom sadu vo vremia gulianii, 1900. TsGIA SPb, f. 965, o. 1, d. 1862, Po zhalobe kol. Sekr Sarkisova na
porutchika Paikovskogo, zarazivshchego Sifilison, 1901. TsGIA SPb, f. 965, o. 1, d. 1933, Prosheniia i zaiavleniiaraznykh lits, 1903. TsGIA SPb, f. 965, o. 2, d. 140, Alfavitnaia kniga zaderzhannykh hts za 1905 god s bukvy M do S, 1905. TsGIA SPb, f. 965, o. 2, d. 141, Alfavitnaia kniga zaderzhannykh hts za 1905 god s bukvy T do Ia, 1905. TsGIA SPb, f. 965, o. 2, d. 156, Kniga zapisi zaderzhannykh Hts za 1906 god, 1906. TsGIA SPb, f. 965, o. 2, d. 184, Alfavitnaia kniga zaderzhannykh hts za 1907 god s bukvy A do Zh, 1907. TsGIA SPb, f. 965, o. 2, d. 185, Alfavitnaia kniga zaderzhannykh Hts za 1907 god s bukvy M do S, 1907. TsGIA SPb, f. 965, o. 3, d. 72, Ob obkhodakh politseiskimi agentami tsentral’nikh ulits Peterburga, vokzalov, sadov i drugikh mest poseshcheniia publikoi v nochnoe vremia s tsel’iu zaderzhaniia podozritel’nykh hts i narushitelei blagochiniia, 1904. TsGIA SPb, f. 965, o. 3, d. 147, О vysylke 77 chelovekza porochnoe povedenie cherez soveshchatel’noe prisutstvie, 27.05.1914-12.06.1914. Fond 1648, Politseiskie uchastki perodraga (Borough Police Stations) TsGIA SPb, f. 1648, o. 1, d. 13, Kniga о litsakh, sostoiashchikh pod nadzorom politsii, 1912-1914. TsGIA SPb, f. 1648, o. 1, d. 40, Kniga о litsakh, sostoiashchikh pod nadzorom politsii, 1898-1906.
226 BIBLIOGRAPHY TsGIA SPb, f. 1648, o. 1, d. 180, Sekretnye tsirkuliary Peterburgskogo gradonachal'nika, rasporiazheniia okhrannogo otdeleniia о rozyske i vysylke lits, o podchenenii lits neglasnomu nadzora politsii, 1908. TsGIA SPb, f. 1648, o. 1, d. 388, Kniga о litsakh, sostoiashchikh pod nadzorom politsii, 1904-1908. TsGIA SPb, f. 1648, о. 1, d. 393, Kniga о litsakh, sostoiashchikh pod nadzorom politsii, 1908-1912. TsGIA SPb, f. 1648, о. 1, d. 417, Kniga sutochnykh dokladov pristava uchastka о proishestviiakh, 1910-1911. TsGIA SPb, f. 1648, о. 1, d. 418, Kniga zapisi zaderzhannykh lits, 1910. TsGIA SPb, f. 1648, o. 1, d. 566, Kniga zapisi ugolovnykh obvnenii, 1866-1915, Protokol po zaiavleniiu kr. Smolenskoi gub. Elizavety Vasiľevny Orlikovoi (Fontanka 28) о snoshenii ее muzha, Vasiliia Nikifirova Orlikova s ego plemianikom Pavlom Alekseevichem Kurochkinym, prozhivaiushchim u nego, 1913, register number 68, September 3, 1913. TsGIA SPb, f. 1648, o. 1, d. 651, Sekretnye tsirkuliary departamenta politsii i Peterburg skogo gradonachal’nika, 1906-1910. TsGIA SPb, f. 1648, o. 1, d. 656, Kniga о litsakh, sostoiashchikh pod nadzorom politsii, 1906. TsGIA SPb, f. 1648, о. 1, d. 671, Kniga о litsakh pod nadzorom politsii, 1905. TsGIA SPb, f. 1648, о. 1, d. 673, Kniga о litsakh, sostoiashchikh pod nadzorom politsii, 1909. TsGIA SPb, f. 1648, о. 1, d. 674, Kniga о litsakh, sostoiashchikh pod nadzorom politsii, 1913. TsGIA SPb, f. 1648, о. 1, d. 855, Tsyrkuliary Peterburgskogo gradonachal’nika, rasporiazheniia i perepiska s Okhrannym otdeleniem о litsakh, sostoiash chikh pod
nadzorom pohtsii, 1910. TsGIA SPb, f. 1648, о. 1, d. 1222, Tsirkuliarnye telegrammy i perepiska s okhrannym otdeleniem ob usilenii nadzora za nastroeniem rabochikh fabrik i zavodov, za litsami sostoiashchimi pod nadzorom politsii, 1910. TsGIA SPb, f. 1648, o. 1, d. 1250, Kniga о litsakh pod nadzorom politsii, 1913. Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA) Fond 1284, Departament obshchikh del ministerstva vnutrennikh del (Department of General Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs) RGIA, f. 1284, o. 238, d. 8, Tsirkuliary MVD za vtoraiu polovinu 1900 goda, 1900. RGIA, f. 1284, о. 238, d. 82, Tsirkuhary MVD za pervuiu polovinu 1900 goda, 1900. RGIA, f. 1284, о. 238, d. 84, Tsirkuliary MVD za pervuiu polovinu 1901 goda, 1901. RGIA, f. 1284, o. 238, d. 86, Tsirkuliary MVD za vtoraiu polovinu 1901 goda, 1901. RGIA, f. 1284, о. 238, d. 88, Tsirkuliary MVD za pervuiu polovinu 1902 goda, 1902. RGIA, f. 1284, o. 238, d. 89, Tsirkuliary MVD za vtoraiu polovinu 1902 goda, 1902. Fond 14(15, Ministerstvo iustitsii (Ministry ofJustice) RGIA, f. 1405, o. 83, d. 10544, Po prosheniiu publichnoi biblioteki Afanasiia Bychkova, 1883-1884.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 227 Fond. 1683, Ostrovskii Mikhail Nikolaevich (1827-1901), Ministr gosudarsktvennykh imushchestv, predsedatel’ departamenta zakonov, pochetnyi chien Akademii nauk, chien gosudarstvennogo sověta (fond of Mikhail Nikolaevich Ostrovskii) RGIA, f. 1683, o. 1, d. 119, Svedeniia о fiziologicheskikhporokakh raznykh lits, prozhivaiushchikh v Peterburge, no date. State Archive of the Russian Federation, Moscow (GARF) Fond 111, Otdeleniepo okhraneniiu obshchestvennoi bezopasnosti i poriadka (Okhrannoe otdelenie) pri Petrogradskom gradonachal’nike (Department for Protecting Public Security and Order, under the Petrograd Mayor) GARF, f. 111,0. 1, d. 99, Raion Anichkogo mosta, 1914 Fontanki dom no. 16, 1914. GARF, f. Ill, o. 1, d. 100, Raion Anichkogo mosta, 1915. GARF, f. Ill, о. 1, d. 101, Raion Anichkogo mosta, 1916. GARF, f. Ill, о. 1. d. 2999, Poseshchenie restoranov, 1911. GARF, f. Ill, О. 1, d. 3 764, Raion Fontanki dom no. 16, 1914; f. Ili, O. 1, d. 3 764 Raion Fontanki dom no. 38,1913. Fond 124, Ugolovnoe otdelenie pervogo departamenta ministerstva iustitsii (Criminal Division of the First Department of the Ministry ofJustice) GARF, f. 124, o. 28, d. 686, Delo po prosheniiu K. V Sizykh o pomilovanji ее syna А. Sizukh, osuzhdennogo Irkutskim okruzhmym sudom 11 marta 1910 goda po st. 995 і 996 Ulozh. O nakaz., 1910. GARF, f. 124, о. 30, d. 1481, Delo po prosheniiu I. Miniaylo, osuzhdennogo Ekaterinodarskim okruzhnym sudom po st. 995, 2 p. 31 ulozh. о пак. о pomilovanih, 1912. GARF, f. 124, о. 31, d. 1026, Delo po proshenii V Pudenko, osuzhdennogo Rostovskim-na-Donu
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Index Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations. Adamov, Gerasin, 84 Admiralty Building, 26, 114 age in queer milieu: in Kuzmin's diaries, 168-69; of male versus female banshchiki, 149-50; medico-forensic analysis of young blackmailers, 49-51,168; Ostrovskii dossier, young/old dichotomy imposed on queer class structure in, 40-49, 61, 168 Ahmed, Sara, xviii-xix Alexander I (tsar), 157 Alexander II (tsar): assassination of, 34, 193nl6; reforms of, 2, 39,46, 74 alienation, 8,12, 172 Allan Gardens, Toronto, 162 ambiguity as hallmark of queer milieu, 18-20,178-82 anal sex, xviii, 34, 47, 52-53, 68 Andersson, Peter, 99 Anichkov Bridge, 23, 26-29, 28, 36, 57, 62, 97, 99, 105, 112, 117-22,119,120 apprentices, 36, 44, 47-48, 122, 123, 190n32 arbiters of illegalities, 65-67, 71-72, 76-79, 85-87, 93-95 architectural legibility of St. Petersburg, 10 archives: destruction of St. Petersburg archives, 22; municipal, 183-85; police, 21-22,23, 64; working with archival sources, 21-23 Army Medical Academy, 105 assemblage theory, 193n6 "aunties" (tetki or patrons): Kuzmin as, 155, 168; in Ostrovskii dossier, 30, 33, 36-37, 40—42, 44, 45, 48, 51-54, 56, 57, 61, 62, 201Ո41 Bailey, Peter, 129 Bakst, Léon, 170 banishment from city, 64, 71, 74, 75, 77, 92, 201n41,201n43 banshchiki (bathhouse attendants): age of male versus female attendants, 149-50; Bathhouse Ordinance of 1879 on, 140-42, 147-50; demographics, 134-35,149-50; Kuzmin and, 163, 218n20; in Ostrovskii dossier, 44, 47, 49; prostitution/sexual exploitation of, xx, 126, 134-35, 140^11, 148-50,152, 190Ո32; women as, 150, 214Ո74;
working life and conditions, 133-36,134, 210n9, 212n35 banyi nalog (bathhouse tax), 129,132,146,147 Basseinaia Baths, 7, 163 Bater, James H., 46,109, 195n50 bathhouse attendants. See banshchiki Bathhouse Ordinance of 1879, 126, 140-46, 148-53, 215Ո87 bathhouses, 24, 125-53; Anichkov Bridge’s proximity to, 27; attempted reform of, 2, 24, 32, 58, 61, 125-28, 139-43, 215-16n88; capacity, increasing, 218nll9; collective identity, as signifiers of, 138-39; as commercial establishments, 125-29, 132-35,136-44,146-58; as "commons," 127, 131, 133, 148, 153, 210-lln9; competing ideals of social communion and hygiene regarding, 126-27,132, 136, 138-39; discretion as to closing, 141; economics and demographics of, 125-28, 144-46, 145, 147,151-52, 215n84, 216-17ՈՈ90-91, 218Ո119; efforts to suppress illicit sex in, 150-52; hours of operation, 125, 140, 144, 146, 215n87; innovations in water technology and public hygiene, 136-39; introduction of village bathing practices into city, 128-32, 136,139, 211n9; Kuzmin and, 148, 152, 163,170,218Ո120; laundries, doubling as, 129, 131, 135, 142, 143, 144, 216n88; medical services offered by, 140; mixed-sex 245
246 INDEX bathhouses (continued) communal bathing, prohibition on, 129, 131,135,212n46, 214ՈՈ73-74; municipal bathhouses plan, 143, 215-16nn88-89; negotiation of noncompliance between government officials and operators of, 146-52; nomernaia bania, 125,133,134-36, 142, 145, 147-53, 212-13n46, 212n45, 218nl 19; Passazh, proximity to, 122; policing of, 86,150-53; prices charged, 129, 131, 141, 146, 152, 211n9, 212n26, 218Ո128; safety, maintenance, and hygiene issues, 139-40, 143, 214Ո70, 214Ո73, 214n79; sexual behavior and prostitution in, 132-36,134,139, 148-53; as "sexual commons," 127; social class and social division of, 129-30,130,138; steam bathing, 128-29; taxation of, 129,132, 146,147, 212-13n46; as "urban bathing commons,” 133; visibility in queer milieu, 148-53; Western world, transition to private bathing in, 137-38 Beachy, Robert, 203n66 Bech, Henning, 160 Bekhterev, Vladimir, 59 Benjamin, Walter, 123 Benoit, Alexandre, 174,221n67 Bentham, Jeremy, 97, 101, 157 Berkiund (in Ostrovskii dossier), 45 Berlin: electric streetlights in, 113; policing queer milieu in, 68; queer milieu in, 8, 13, 190n23 Berman, Marshall, 5, 6, 12,101 Bersenev, Vladimir, 14, 29, 42,191n41, 192Ո5, 194Ո21 blackmail, 49-51,122,168, 196n69, 200n31, 201Ո43, 203n66, 205n91, 209n87 blasé attitude/urban indifference of flaneur/queer men, 100 Bleys, Rudi, xvii Bliambenberg (in Ostrovskii dossier), 34 Bogdanov, Andrei, 128-29 Bogomolov, Nikolai, 221n48, 222n3 Bol'shaia Morskaia Street, 114 Boym, Svetlana, 211n9 Britain/British empire: bathhouses and bathhouse reform in, 137-38, 143; pohcing queer
milieu in, 68, 70, 199n21; prostitution, spatial regulation of, 190n22. See also London Browne, Simone, 102 Bukhner, Ernst, 51 Butler, Judith, 169 Bychkov, Fedor, 55,194n32 cabarets. See theaters, cabarets, and dance halls cabs and cabbies, xx, 96, 102, 107-10,120, 190n32, 208Ո52 cafés. See restaurants and cafés Canada. See Toronto Carte du Tendre (Scudéry), 164 Catherine the Great (tsar), 157 censorship, 149, 178, 218Ո113,219n5, 222n3 Central Park, New York, 162 Chauncey, Greg, 15, 88 Chernyshevsky, Nikolai, 49 Chesnokov (acquaintance of Kuzmin), 170 The Chimes of Love (Kuzmin), 203n64 cigarette case given to Johan by Dmitrii, 4 Ciniselli Circus, 27, 122 City Bulletin, 184, 207Г139 City Council, 109, 117,145-47, 150, 183-84, 208Ո54, 215- 16nn88-89, 215n84, 217n93, 217Ո104 City Credit Society, 213n53 City Duma, 39, 114, 139-40,142,145-46, 157, 184, 215Ո84, 217n93, 217Ո104 class. See social class Clélie (Scudéry), 164 clothing. See dress, makeup, and style Cocks, Harry, 89 Code of 1832, 195n35 Code of 1845, 67-68 Code of 1903, proposed sodomy statutes in, 43, 52-54, 60 Code of 1922, decriminalizing sodomy, 198Ո100 "commons," bathhouses as, 127,131, 133, 148, 153, 210-1 ln9 confectionery/pastry shops, 36,37,57,100 Cook, Matt, 116,171,199n20 Cossacks, 34 Criminal Codes. See specific entries at Code "The Crocodile" (Dostoyevsky), 121 Crook, Tom, 137 cruising: bathhouses, 137,218nl20; contextuality of, 22; defined, 154-55, 160-62; etymology of, 160; historiogra phy of, 14; in Johan and Dmitrii story, 3-4; for Kuzmin, 154-55, 162,170; in Ostrovskii dossier, 29, 31, 36, 45, 57,
58, 62; pohcing of queer milieu and, 64, 68, 71, 78, 80, 82, 83, 86, 87, 90, 91, 93; in restaurants and cafés, 4,14,25,27,36, 37, 47, 57, 68, 79, 99, 103, 106, 107, 110, 112, 113, 114, 121-22, 159, 167-68, 189Ո19, 203n66,209n91; seasonal patterns of, 36-37; sexual and socializing purposes of,
INDEX 58, 156, 160, 161, 163-64, 170-74; in shops, 36, 37, 57, 99, 100, 102-7, 112, 114, 116, 189Ո19; streetlife in St. Petersburg and, 87, 105, 107-10, 112, 115-16, 118, 122-23,124; in Tavricheskii Garden, 154-56, 159—65,170-74; in theaters, cabarets, and dance halls, 14,25,37,57, 99, 107,110, 113, 114, 189nl9. See also cabs and cabbies; trams daffodils, 166,220Ո14 Daly, Jonathan, 73,200n32 “dames” (dama), 35,40-41,42, 57, 62 Danaurov (in Ostrovskii dossier), 45 dance halls. See theaters, cabarets, and dance halls Dennis, Richard, 100 denunciations, poHce use of, 64, 71, 77, 78-79, 204n82 Depari, G. I. (in Ostrovskii dossier), 34 Diaghilev, Sergei, 169 Discipline and Punish (Foucault), 88 discretion: in closing bathhouses, 141; in operating and managing bathhouses, 141-42; in policing of queer milieu, 64, 70, 87-93, 94, 200n33 Dmitrii and Johan, story of, xviii, 3-5, 11, 19, 72, 86, 91, 176, 188n7 Dominic’s (restaurant), 122 Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 121 Drachevskii, Daniil, 85, 203-4Ո77 dress, makeup, and style: of "dames” (dama), 35, 40-41, 42, 57, 62; of flaneurs, 206Ո10; Kuzmin on, 166, 194n23; Ostrovskii dossier on, 35, 40; in Tavricheskii Garden, 166 Dunai (hotel), 85 Durdin (bathhouse operator), 215n84 economy of illegalities, 67, 92, 93, 94 Egorovory Brothers, bathhouse of, 134 Eizenberg, Efrat, 210-1 ln9 Ekaterininskii Garden/Park, 27,36, 57 Ekimov (in Ostrovskii dossier), 45 electric streetlights and nightlife, 32, 97, 99, 107, 112-16,11Í, 122, 124 Ely, Christopher, 190n22,190n28 emergency legislation: bathhouses and, 125, 150-51; cruising and, 72-76, 82-87;
Ostrovskii dossier and, 43; policing of queer milieu and, 74, 75, 200n32, 201n43 emotional refuge or sanctuary Tavricheskii Garden/queer milieu as, 155, 156, 160-62, 165, 173-74 247 Engelstein, Laura, 14,15, 16, 74, 79, 92, 187—88n2, 191Ո45, 200ՈՅՅ England. See Britain/British empire; London enlightened bureaucracy, 40 entente: bathhouse management and, 126, 146-47; policing of queer milieu and, 20, 75, 86; social class and, 38-39; spatial entente between urban actors, 11, 20 Ermitazh (Hermitage Palace), 157 exposure. See violence and exposure, threat/ reality of "familiar strangers,” 99-100, 162,165,169, 179, 188n8 females. See women Field of Mars, 158 Filippov, Tertiia, 42, 43 flagging, 3 flaneurs and queer men, parallels between, 97-101,102, 103, 106-7, 114, 171 Fontanka River and Embankment, 26,27, 36, 62, 63, 101, 114, 117, 118, 122, 207n27 Forensic Gynecology (Merzheevskii), 59 forensic-medical works on homosexuality. See medico-forensic works on homosexuality Foucault, Michel: on arbiters/economy of illegalities, 65, 76, 92-94; Discipline and Punish, 88; on governmentality, 71, 88, 153; on "infamous men,” 176-78,182; on model of disciplinary society, 67, 88, 92-94,106,200n33; on penality, 205n84; on spatial ordering, 8 France: decriminalization of sodomy in, 70; policing queer milieu in, 70-71,205n96. See also Paris freemasons, 43, 56, 201n41 French Revolution, 70 "friendly gang," Kuzmin on, 81, 154, 159, 162, 163, 165, 169, 170, 171, 173 Fuks, Iosif Borisovich, 199nl7 Furshtatskaia Street, 105 Fyodor (in Kuzmin’s Wings), 178-79 Fyodor's unde (in Kuzmin's Wings), 180
Gagarinskaia Embankment, 105 Galernaia Street, 3 gallery, Passazh, 100, 121-22, 209n91 Gandy, Matthew, 174, 210n9 Gautier, Theophile, 108 gay liberation history and gay rights movement, 9,19 Gay New York (Chauncey), 15 Gazeta Kapeika, 207ո39
248 INDEX Germany: male prostitution not specifically criminalized in, 203n66; sodomy statutes in, 68. See also Berlin "goluboi," 191n40 Gorokhovaia Street, 154 Gould, William, 157 government control, assertion of: bath houses, attempted reform of, 2,24,32, 58, 61, 125—28, 139-43, 215-16Ո88; bathhouses, efforts to suppress illicit sex in, 150-52; bathhouses, negotiation of noncompliance between government officials and operators of, 146-52; Ostrovskii dossier, tension between government suppression/toleration in, 31, 55; post-revolutionary, 187-88n2; prerevolutionary radical underground in St. Petersburg and, 190n22; prostitution in Britain, spatial regulation of, 190n22; shaping of queer milieu by, 9-12, 23, 24, 175-78, 180-81; sources of information on queer milieu and, 16-20. See aho policing of queer milieu; sodomy statutes governmentality, 71, 88, 127, 137-38,153 Great Britain. See Britain/British empire; London Gulf of Finland, 34, 128 Gusev, Asterii, 43, 62 Gusev, Dmitrii, and Johan Vol'mon, xviii, 3-5, 11, 19, 72, 86, 91, 176, 188n7 Gustov, Adrian (bathhouse operator), 125, 147 Hakanen, Ulla, 156 handkerchief, red, 34, 193Ո19 Haussmann, Georges-Eugène, Baron, 105 Healey, Dan, xix, 12, 14, 15, 110,115, 126, 148, 171, 192n45, 195Ո46, 198Ո100, 200n31, 204Ո82, 222n3 heat and tenderness, spatial patterns of, 6-9, 163-65, 172, 189Ո18 Hermitage Palace (Ermitazh), 157 Hetherington, Philippa, 196n58 Hirschfeld, Magnus, 190n32 Homosexual Desire in Revolutionary Russia (Healey), 15 homosexuality: medico-forensic works on, xix, xx, 31, 35, 38, 47, 49-53, 59-60, 73,
78,140,148,176,184, 200n31; terminol ogy of, xvii, xix; xvii,xix (See also queer milieu in late imperial St. Petersburg) hooligans and hooliganism, 81-82; Katkov as, 221Ո48; policing of queer milieu and, 81-82, 202n63,203ՈՈ66-67; streetlife and, 110; in Tavricheskii Garden, 81-82,144, 155, 159, 161, 162, 166, 168, 173,220n43, 221Ո55 horse cabs and cabbies, xx, 96, 102,107-10, 120, 190Ո32, 208Ո52 horse-drawn trams (konki), 111, 110-12,112, 120 hotels and hotel rooms, 20-204Ո77,85,121-22 Houlbrook, Matt, 17, 18, 89, 116, 190n23, 199n21, 209Ո77 Howell, Philip, 190n22 Hubbard, Phil, 113, 189nl9 Hungary, bathhouses in, 138 Hyde Park, London, 122, 162 ice-skating rinks, 36, 57, 158, 189nl9 industrialization and urbanization in Russia, 13, 32, 39, 46, 96—97, 195n50 "infamous men," Foucault on, 176-78,182 international queer identity, 190n23 Italianskaia Street, 121 Johan and Dmitrii, story of, xviii, 3-5, 11,19, 72, 86, 91, 176, 188n7 K sudu! (On Trial! Homosexual St. Petersburg; Ruadze), 61-63, 203n64 Karlínsky, Simon, 12,13, 14, 222n3 Katkov, Semen, 167֊68,221n48 Kazanskaia Borough, 78, 150 K-gelm, Count, 61 Kirochnaia Street, 105 Kleigel’s, Count, 77 konki (trams), 111, 110-12,112,120 Konnogvardeiskii Boulevard, 3^1, 36 Korkunov, Nikolai, 195n35 Kovalevskii, Pavel, 56,193n20, 194n33 Kriukov, Timofei (bathhouse operator), 147, 217Ո102 Kudriashev, Vasilii, 165-67, 169 Kuzmin, Mikhail: as "auntie,” 155,168; bathhouses and banshehiki, 148,152, 163, 170, 218Ո120; cab drive described by, 109-10; The Chimes of Love, 203n64; on cruising, 154-55, 162,170; on "familiar strangers,"
99-100, 162, 165, 169,179, 188n8; on "friendly gang," 81, 154,159, 162, 163, 165, 169, 170, 171, 173; on fuzzy line between commercial and noncom mercial sex, 203n66; on makeup, 194n23; Old Believers, interest in, 166; on policing of queer milieu, 64, 72, 80-81, 86, 91, 93;
INDEX pornography fine, 81,149, 152, 178, 202—Յո64, 218nll3,219ո5, 221-22ոՅ; queer milieu in writings of, xix, xx, 56; on spatial patterns of tenderness and heat, 7, 163-65, 172,189Ո18; on St. Petersburg, xi; "Summer Love," 169; Tavricheskii Garden and, 7, 58, 80, 81, 154-56,158-74, 189Ո18 (See alse Tavricheskii Garden); "teasing the police” in Tavricheskii Garden, 64, 80-81, 165; tenderness and heat, Kuzmin and Somov making allegorical map of, 7,155, 156, 162-65, 172,173-74,189Ո18; "Voyage du pays du tendre au pays chaud," 7, 163, 189nl8; Wings, xix, 81,149, 178-82,203n64, 219n5, 222n4 Lange, Adolf, 167,168 laundries, bathhouses serving as, 129,131, 135, 142, 143, 144, 216n88 Lefebvre, Henry, 206nl9 legal codes. See sodomy statutes; specific entries at Code Leikin, Nikolai, 133 lesbians and lesbianism, 68,187-88n2,198n8 lighting, street, 32, 97, 99, 107, 112-16, 115, 122, 124 Linevskii (in Ostrovskii dossier), 48 Lipsky, Michael, 89-90 Liteinaia Borough, 24, 28, 57, 84,97, 101-11, 102,104, 114, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 158, 203Ո70 Liteinyi Prospect, 102,103,105, 107,108, lll,207n37 'literate," as term for experienced queer men, xviii, xx, 25,170-71,172,174, 180 "little man" trope in Russian literature, 182 Liverpool, bathhouses in, 137, 143 London: arcades in, 123; bathhouses in, 137, 138; cruising in, 171; electric streetlights in, 113,114; Hyde Park, 122,162; public urinals in, 116; queer milieu in, 8, 13, 190n23; queer policing in, 199n21; Vauxhall Gardens, 6,101,159 Luxembourg Gardens, Paris, 158 makeup. See dress, makeup, and style Malmstad, John, 222n3 Malyi Theatre,
27, 36 Manchester, bathhouses in, 143 Manezh (seasonal fair), 27 Markoy A., 14, 29, 42, 191Ո41, 192n5, 194n21 249 Marxism, 13 Maslov, Pavfik, 110, 168-69,170, 221n50 masons, 43, 56, 201n41 Maynard, Steven, 171 McReynolds, Louise, 11 Medical Police, 140,150 medico-forensic works on homosexuality, xix, XX, 31, 35, 38, 47, 49-53, 59-60, 73, 78, 140, 148, 176, 184, 200n31 Memorial Square, Toronto, 171 Merts, Ivan, 117-18 Merzheevskii, Vladislav, 47, 49, 50, 54, 56, 59, 61, 140, 168, 196-97ՈՈ69-70, 209n87 Mesherskii, Count, 42,192n5 Mikhailov Gang, 121 Mikhailovskaia Manezh (riding academy), 117,118 Mikhailovskaia Square, 27, 36, 57,117, 122, 194Ո26 Mikhailovsky Theatre, 27, 36 Mikhnevich, Vladimir, 157 milieu, concept of, xix-xx, 30 "modernism of underdevelopment," in St. Petersburg, 5, 101 Mokhovaia Street, 105 “moral brigade," 199-200n22 Morozov's ("Rossiia;” restaurant), 159, 167-68 Moscow Train Station, 120 municipal bathhouses plan, 143, 215- 16nn88-89 music halls. See theaters, cabarets, and dance halls "muzhiks," 46 Nabokov, Vladimir (father of novelist), 53, 59 Nadezhdinskaia Street, 107 narcissus, 35, 194n23 Narodnyi Dorn, 61, 63 Narvskaia Borough, 84, 203n70 Nekrasova Baths, 122 Neuberger, Joan, 12,202n63,203n67 Neva River, 24,128, 157, 216n90 Nevsky Prospect, 24, 26, 27, 36, 64, 76, 77, 82, 86, 103, 105, 107-11,108, 111, 112, 113, 114, 121, 121, 159, 166, 167, 177, 208n66 New York: bathhouses in, 137; Central Park, 162; electric streetlights in, 113; Gay New York (Chauncey), 15; queer milieu in, 8, 13, 190Ո23 Nicholas I (tsar), 207Ո27
250 INDEX Nicholas II (tsar), 42,148 nightlife and electric streetlights, 32, 97, 99, 107, 112-16,115, 122, 124 Nikolaevskaia Station, 114 Nikolaevskii Bridge, 188n7 nomernaia bania (numbered or family baths), 125, 133, 134-36, 142, 145, 147-53, 212-13n46, 212n45, 218Ո119 Nouvel, Walter, 170 observer effect, 63 Ogborn, Miles, 6,101, 159 Old Believers, 166 Olimpia (hotel), 85 On Trial! Homasexual St. Petersburg^ sudul; Ruadze), 61-63,203n64 Orlikov, Vasilit, 204n82 Ostrovskii, Alexander, 49 Ostrovskii, Mikhail, 29,42,43, 49, 52, 62, 192n5 Ostrovskii dossier, 23,26-63; administrative prerogatives and, 201n41; Anichkov Bridge, visibility of queer milieu at, 26-29, 28; anonymous authorship of, 29, 32, 194n21; blame for emergence of queer milieu in, 29-30,48-54, 168; on casual queer socialization, 31, 58; class structure of queer milieu in, 29, 31, 38—48; concept of queer milieu in, 30, 56-57; contents of, 29-38; on electric streetlighting, 114; government suppression/toleration, tension between, 31, 55; as guide for queer men, 62-63; historical reliability of, 58-62; inconsis tencies in, 33-34,45; list of named individuals in, 29,34,42-43; police reports, use of, 34-35,194n21; prostitu tion in, 33-34, 35-36, 37,44-48; on public/semipublic spaces, 31,34,37,41, 57-58; purpose[s] of, 43-44, 62-63; rediscovery of, 29; Ruadze’s On Trial! compared, 61-63; spatial patterns of queer milieu in, 30-31, 35-38, 40; on streetlife, 31, 55-57; strength of individuals’ links to queer milieu in, 31; on suicides, 34-35; threats attributed to homosexuality in, 29, 34, 52; timetable of cruising
activities in, 29; visibility of queer milieu in, 29,31-34; young/old dichotomy imposed on class structure in, 40-49, 61, 168 The Other St. Petersburg (Pirtutko), 14 Otter, Chris, 137 Palkin (restaurant), 27,47 panoptica! space, 10,26,27,97,99,101-2, 102, 106, 109 panopticon, Bentham’s design of, 97,101, 157 Paris: arcades in, 123; electric streetlights in, 113; Haussmann's reconstruction of, 105; Luxembourg Gardens, 158; public urinals in, 116, 117, 118, 209n77; queer milieu in, 8, 13, 190Ո23; sexual policing in, 70-71, 205n96; spatial pattern of queer milieu in, 180 Paris Exhibition (1878), 114 Passazh (shopping arcade): bathhouses, proximity to, 157, 158; Ostrovskii dossier and, 27, 34, 36, 57, 58; policing of, 86; queer streetlife and, 97, 100,115, 116, 121-24,121, 209Ո92; reconstruction of, 115, 122-24, 121, 184 pastry/confectionery shops, 36, 37, 57, 100 patrons. See "aunties" Pavlik (lover of Kuzmin). See Maslov, Pavlik Pavliusha (in Ostrovskii dossier), 34 payment for sex. See prostitution pederasts and pederasty, xviii, 30, 34, 49,51, 52, 56-57, 77, 92, 120, 193n20, 194n32, 201Ո43, 204n82 Peniston, William A., 116 performative space, Tavricheskii Garden as, 169 Peski Borough, 157 Peter the Great (tsar), 9, 38, 39, 128, 129 Peterburgskii listák, 207n39, 209n91, 221-22ՈՅ Petersburg Flyer, 184 Petrov, Ivan, 217Ո102 petty crimes statutes, police use of, 21-22, 76-79, 199Ո20, 204n82 Piriutko, Iurii, 14, 29,191nn40-41 Pogodin, M. P., 194-95Ո35 "The Police and Gays" (Bersen’ev and Markov), 14 policing of queer milieu, 23-24; adminis trative prerogatives, use of, 73-76;
Anichkov Bridge, constabulary post at, 26-27; bathhouses, 86, 150-53; constable defined for purposes of, 198n5; denuncia tions, 64, 71, 77, 78-79, 204n82; discretion ary versus disciplinary society models, 87-93, 94, շՕՕոՅՅ; electric streetlights and, 112-13; hotels and hotel rooms, 20-204Ո77, 85; institutional weakness of police force, 75-76; Johan and Dmitrii,
INDEX Story of, xviii, 3-5, 11, 19, 72, 86, 91, 176, 188ո7; medico-forensic expertise and, 73, 78,200n31; methods of policing beyond straightforward enforcement, 67, 69-72; "moral brigade," 199-200n22; Ostrovskii dossier, use of police reports by, 34-35, 194n21; pederasts and pederasty, 77, 92, 201Ո43,204n82; petty crimes statutes, use of, 21-22, 76—79,199n20, 204n82; prosecution incidents, problem of reliance on, 16-20, 69-70; prostitution and, 64; in public/semipublic places, 57-58,194n26; reactive system of policing, 105, 209n84; relations between constables, subjects, and police hierarchy, 67, 80-82, 93; secret directive of 1910, 67, 82-87, 88, 93, 143, 176,203n70; shaping of queer milieu, as factor in, 175-78; social class affecting, 80-81, 84; social estates, imperial system of, 39; sodomy statutes, ambiguous relationship to, 67-69; source materials for, 21-22, 66, 198-99Ո11, 200n25; spatial focus of constables as arbiters of illegalities, 65-67, 71-72, 76-79, 85-87, 93-95; streetlife and, 105-7, 110, 112-13, 121-22; surveillance activities, 69, 83, 85, 87, 105-7, 112-13, 193-94n20; in Tavricheskii Garden, 80, 81,166-67, 220n43; "teasing the police," 64, 80-81, 165; variety of police responses, 64-65; visibility, reducing, 73 Pollock, Ethan, 126-27,131,132 pornography, 81, 149,152, 178, 202n64, 213n47, 219n5, 221-22n3 Potemkin, Grigory, 157 private spaces: versus public/semipublic spaces, 7, 9,10, 20, 22, 23, 24, 37,189nl9; secret directive of 1910 aimed at, 67, 82-87, 88, 93, 143, 176, 203n70 prostitution: banshchiki and, xx, 126,134, 135, 140-41, 148-50, 152,
190n32; bathhouses, sexual behavior and prostitution in, 132-36,134,139, 148-53; "debauchery in public spaces,” charges of, 197n80; exploitation as key dynamic in, 44-48; female prostitution, 46, 47, 48, 78, 195n48, 213n47; fuzzy line between commercial and noncommercial sex, 203n66; greater commercialization of, 126,148, 149; legality of, 197n80, 203n66; Ostrovskii dossier on, 33-34, 35-36,37, 44-48; policing of queer milieu and, 64; 251 prices charged, 47,196n58; spatial regulation of, in Britain, 190n22 public library, 27, 36 public transport, 97, 107, 108-12,108, 111, 112, 124 public urinals, 27, 33, 36, 57, 58, 99,100,107, 116-20,119, 124, 196Ո26 public/semipublic spaces: "debauchery in public spaces,” charges of, 197n80; defining, 189nl9; Ostrovskii dossier on, 31,34,37, 41, 57-58; policing of, 57-58, 194n26; private spaces versus, 7, 9,10, 20, 22, 23, 24, 37, 189Ո19; streetlife and, 99. See aUo specific spaces, e.g. bathhouses Pyzin, Vladimir, 112,208n52 queer milieu in late imperial St. Petersburg, 1-25,175-82; ambiguity as hallmark of, 18-20, 178-82; architectural legibility of city, 10; conditions of life in, 5-6; as emotional refuge or sanctuary, 155,156, 160-62,165, 173-74; factors in shaping of, 175-78; gay liberation history and, 19; historiography of, 12-16; international permeability, lack of, 190n23; Johan and Dmitril, story of, xviii, 3-5,11,19, 72, 86, 91, 176, 188n7; map of, 28; milieu, concept of, xix-xx, 30; municipal and national events affecting, 32; persecution/ prosecution incidents, problem of reliance on, 16-20; source material for, 2-3, 16-23,
183-85; tenderness and heat, spatial patterns of, 6-9, 163-65, 172, 189Ո18; time period covered by (1879-1914), 2, 60-61; urban space, queer exploitation of, 8-9, 10-12, 56, 97, 107, 124,194n33; use and multivalent meanings of "queer," xvii-xx. See also bathhouses; government control, assertion of; Ostrovskii dossier; policing of queer milieu; public/semipublic spaces; spatial patterns of queer milieu; streetlife; Tavricheskii Garden; visibility of queer milieu queer sexual policing. See policing of queer milieu queer socialization. See socialization within queer milieu queer streetlife. See streetlife Quince, Annabelle, 222ՈՅ Raikowskii, Lieutenant, 37, 45, 71, 72, 177 Rauch (in Ostrovskii dossier), 45
252 INDEX reactive system of policing, 105,209ո84 red handkerchief, 34,193nl9 Reddy, William, 165,173 restaurants and cafés: in bathhouses, 131, 140; as cruising spots, 4, 14,25, 27, 36, 37, 47, 57, 68, 79, 99, 103, 106, 107,110, 112, 113,114, 121, 159, 167-68, 189Ո19, 203Ո66,209n91; Dominic’s, 122; Morozov's ("Rossiia"), 159, 167-68; Palkin, 27,47; Steeger’s Restaurant, Berlin, 68; in Tavricheskii Garden, 156, 158 retiradniki. See public urinals Revolution of 1905,32 Romanoy Konstantin, 148 Ross, Andrew Israel, 48, 88,116, 180, 197Ո94, 199—200n22, 205n96, 209n77 "Rossiia” (Morozov’s restaurant), 159, 167-68 Rozanov, Vasilit, 49,148,152 Rozenbetg, A., 216n88 Rozhdestvenskaia Borough, 158 Ruadze, Vladimir, 56, 61-63, 114, 118,119, 122, 158, 159, 161, 166, 184, 203n64 Russian Revolution (1917), 2, 9-11,18, 22, 54, 66, 109, 143, 182 San Francisco, 8,13,190n23 Sanitary Commission, 142,143,146, 151, 183, 215Ո88, 217n96 Sarkisov (college assessor), 37,45 Sasha (periodic lover of Kuzmin), 168, 170-71 Sazonova, Elena, 78 Schivelbusch, Wolfgang, 208n59 Schliemann, Heinrich, 16 Scudéry, Mademoiselle (Madeleine) de, 163, 164,165 seasonal patterns of cruising, 36-37 secret directive of 1910, 67, 82-87, 88, 93, 143, 176, 203Ո70 Security Law of 1881,125, 198n2 Semenovich, Georgit, 114 semipublic spaces. See public/semipublic spaces serfs, emancipation of (1861), 39,49,96,134 sexological works. See medico-forensic works on homosexuality sexual encounters: anal sex, xviii, 34, 47, 52-53, 68; in bathhouses, 132-36,134, 139, 148-53; cruising, sexual and socializing purposes of,
58,156,160,161, 163-64,170-74; Ostrovskii dossier, sexual preferences of listed individuals in, 34; Ostrovskii dossier, young/old dichotomy imposed on queer class structure in, 40-49, 61, 168; tenderness and heat, spatial patterns of, 6-9,163-65,172, 189nl8. See also prostitution Sheremetev Palace, 36 shops and shopping: clerks, assistants, and shopkeepers, 45, 81,110,161, 165-69, 220n39; cruising spots, shops as, 36, 37, 57, 99, 100, 102-7, 112, 114, 116, 189Ո19; streetlights and, 32, 97, 99, 107, 112-16, 115,122, 124; window-shopping, 102, 114-16,115. See also Passazh Shpalernaia Street, 147 Shumikhin, Setgei, 221Ո48 Siberia, exile to, 194Ո32 Siemens Halske, 114 signs/symbols of queerness, 34, 35, 166, 193Ո19, 194n23, 220Ո14 Simmel, Georg, 206nl5 sin taxes, 147 Siuzor, Pavel, 139-40 Smith, Alison, 195n35 Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll, 161 social class: bathhouses and, 129-30,130, 138; changing paradigms of, 39-40, 195n35; Hirschfeld on, 190n32; imperial system of social estates, 38-39,19495n35; in Kuzmin's accounts of Tavricheskii Garden, 165-69; Ostrovskii dossier, blame for emergence of queer milieu in, 29-30, 48-54; Ostrovskii dossier, class structure of queer milieu in, 29,31,38-48; policing of queer milieu and, 80-81, 84; Ruadze on queer milieu and, 61; worker's flat cap sometimes worn by Kuzmin, 166; young/old dichotomy imposed on, 40-49, 61, 168 socialization within queer milieu: bath houses, competing ideals of social communion and hygiene regarding, 126-27,132, 136,138-39; cruising as means of sex and socialization, 58,156, 160, 161,163-65,170-74; Ostrovskii dossier
on, 31, 58; policing and, 80-82; Tavricheskii Garden as place of, 6-7,58, 80-82,156,160-62,165-72; tenderness and heat, spatial patterns of, 6-9,163-65, 172,189nl8 Society for Popular Sobriety, 167 sodomy statutes: abrogation of, 2; blackmail cases, 50; decriminalization of sodomy
INDEX (1922), 187—88ո2, 198Ո100; difficulty in detecting and preventing breaches of, 65-66, 68, 79; legislative tolerance of homosexuality and, 59-60; Ostrovskii dossier and proposed revision of, 43, 52-54, 60; policing of queer milieu, ambiguous relationship to, 67-69; prosecutions/failure to prosecute under, 15, 17, 18, 24, 47-48, 69-70, 194n32. See also specific entries at Code soldiers in queer milieu, 33-34, 35-36, 44, 56, 105, 122, 184-85 Somov, Konstantin, 7, 9, 156, 163-65,169, 170, 173-74, 189Ո18 Sorokin (bathhouse operator), 147 space, as concept, 206nl9 Spasskaia Borough, 84, 203n70 spatial patterns of queer milieu, 1-2, 24-25; ambiguity as hallmark of, 18-20, 178-82; factors in shaping of, 175-78,180-81; in Ostrovskii dossier, 30-31,35-38, 40; overlapping with other spatial patterns, 16-17; in Paris, 180; police constables, spatial focus of, 65-67, 71-72, 76-79, 85-87,93-95; Tavricheskii Garden, emotional mapping of, 7,155, 156, 162-65,173-74,189nl8; tenderness and heat, 6-9,163-65,172, 189nl8; urban innovations affecting, 97, 107 (See also electric streetlights and nightlife; public transport; public urinals; shopping) sponsorships, 48, 51 St. Petersburg. See queer milieu in late imperial St. Petersburg; specific locations steam bathing, 128 steam engines and steam pumps, 137 Steegers Restaurant, Berlin, 68 Steinberg, Mark, 12-13, 96,184,192nl Stepan (shop-clerk friend of Kuzmin), 110, 165-67,169 streetlife, 24, 96-124; Anichkov Bridge in, 26-27, 97, 99, 105,112, 117-22,119,120; electric streetlights and nightlife, 32, 97, 99,107, 112-16,115, 122, 124; flaneurs
and queer men, parallels between, 97-101,102,103, 106-7, 114; inLiteinaia Borough, 97, 101-11,102,104, 114, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121; Ostrovskii dossier on, 31, 55-57; in Passazh, 97,115, 116, 121-24,121, 209n91; policing of queer milieu and, 105-7, 110,112-13,121-22; public transport, 97, 107,108-12,108, 111, 253 112,124; public urinals, 97, 99, 100, 107, 116-20,119, 124; public/semipublic spaces and, 99; urban innovations and, 97, 107; window-shopping, 115, 115-16. See also cabs and cabbies; trams streetlights and nightlife, 32, 97, 99,107, 112-16,115, 122, 124 Stroop (in Kuzmin's Wings'), 178-79 suicide: in Johan and Dmitrii story, 188n7; Ostrovskii dossier on, 34-35 Summer Garden, 36, 41,158 "Summer Love" (Kuzmin), 169 Summer Palace, 24 Suvorovskii Prospect, 109 symbols/signs of queerness, 34, 35,166, 193Ո19, 194n23, 220Ո14 syphilis and other venereal diseases, 150 tapetkas, 155,219n2 Tard'e, Otto, 84 Tardieu, Auguste, 59 Tarnovskii, Veniamin, 47, 49-52, 54, 56-57, 150, 168, 201Ո43, 205n91 Tavricheskii Garden, 24, 154-74; "aunties" sitting on benches in, 41; cruising in, 154-56, 159-65,170-74; as emotional refuge or sanctuary, 155, 156, 160-62, 165,173-74; history, physical descrip tion, and location of, 24,156,157-60; hooligans and hooliganism in, 81-82, 144, 155, 159, 161, 162, 166, 168, 173, 220n43, 221Ո55; Kuzmin and, 7, 58, 80, 81,154-56,158-74,189nl8; night visits to, Kuzmin’s lack of, 171; Passazh, proximity to, 122; as performative space, 169; policing in, 80, 81, 166-67, 220n43; queer socializing, as place of, 6-7, 58, 80-82,156, 160-62,165-72; Ruadze on, 61,
63; "teasing the police” in, 64, 80-81, 165; tenderness and heat, Kuzmin and Somov making allegorical map of, 7, 155, 156, 162—65, 172, 173-74, 189Ո18; visibility of queer milieu in, 159,161, 171 Tavricheskii Palace, 157 Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilich, 41 tenderness and heat, spatial patterns of, 6-9, 163-65, 172, 189Ո18 tetki. See "aunties” theaters, cabarets, and dance halls: as cruising spots, 14, 25, 37, 57, 99,107,110, 113,114, 189Ո19; Malyi Theatre, 27, 36; Mikhailovsky Theatre, 27,36 toilets. See public urinals
254 INDEX toleration of queer milieu, 4, 11, 176-77; bathhouses and, 139,143, 210n9; Ostrovskii dossier and, 31, 55, 59; by police, 66, 67, 68, 86, 89, 91, 92, 94-96, 199Ո11 Tolstoy, Lev, 49 Toronto: Allan Gardens, 162; Memorial Square, 171 trams (konki), 111, 110-12,112,120 Turkish baths, 138 Turner, Mark W, 116,160 Vbl’mon, Johan, and Dmitrii Gusev, xviii, 3-5, 11, 19, 72, 86, 91, 176, 188Ո7 Vorobets-Spasskii (in Ostrovskii dossier), 56 Voronia Bathhouse, 130 "Voyage du pays du tendre au pays chaud” (Kuzminpoem), 7, 163, 189Ո18 "Voyage du pays du tendre au pays chaud,” concept of, 6-7,162-65 Voznesenskii Prospect, 78 Vsevolozhskii (director of Imperial Theatres), 42 United Kingdom. See Britain/British empire; London United States. See New York; San Francisco urban anxieties, 12 urban indifference/blasé attitude of flaneur/queer men, 100 Urban Reforms of Alexander П, 39 urban space, queer exploitation of, 8-9, 10-12, 56, 97, 107, 124, 194n33 urbanization and industrialization in Russia, 13, 32, 39, 46, 96-97, 195n50 water and water control in St. Petersburg, 128,136-39 Weekly Register, 6 Weissman, Neil, 75-76, 87-88, 201n46, 209n84 white nights, 154 Wilde, Oscar, 17, 222n3 window-shopping, 102, 114-16,115 Wings (Kuzmin), xix, 81,149,178-82, 203n64, 219n5, 222n4 Witte, Count, 39 women: as banshchiki, 150,214n74; bathhouses and, 129, 131, 135, 212n46, 214nn73-74; female prostitution, 46, 47, 48, 78, 195n48, 213n47; as flaneurs, 206nl0; lesbians and lesbianism, 68, 187-88112, 198n8; men outnumbering, in St. Petersburg, 196n54; in Passazh, 122; in Tavricheskii Garden,
122,165-66 World War I, 2, 36, 75, 109, 114, 143, 191n45 Vania (in Kuzmin’s Wings'), 178-82 Vasilievskii Borough, 216n88 Vasilii (bathhouse attendant), 47, 49 Vasilii (shop-clerk friend of Kuzmin). See Kudriashev, Vasilii Vauxhall Gardens, London, 6,101,159 Vendorf, Count, 83, 84, 85 Vernon, Nicholas, 100,206Ո15 Views on Clinical Psychiatry, Neurology, and Experimental Psychology (journal), 59 violence and exposure, threat/reality of, 68, 82, 89, 138, 149, 160, 162, 167-68, 172, 173,176,219n5. See also blackmail; hooligans and hoohganism visibility of queer milieu: ambiguity/ opacity, in St. Petersburg, 15-16,19-20; at Anichkov Bridge, 26-29, 28; in bath houses, 148-53; government efforts to manage queer milieu increasing, 21, 197n94; in Kuzmin's Wings, 178-82; in Ostrovskii dossier, 29, 31-34; policing aimed at reducing, 73; scholarly focus on, 13-14; in Tavricheskii Garden, 159, 161, 171; urban innovations and, 107, 114-15 Yablochkov, Pavel, 114 yard keepers, 71,106, 168, 190n32, 193-94Ո20 yellow daffodils/narcissus, 35, 166,194n23, 220Ո14 Yusin (acquaintance of Kuzmin), 170 Zaitsev (procurer), 47 Zanosov, Dmitrii, 112, 208n52 zemstvo movement, 196n64 Zimmel’, Ludwig Adamovich, 64, 71, 72, 76-82, 91, 93, 120, 177 Znamenskaia Baths, 7,122, 159, 163 Znamenskaia Square, 26, 36, 57, 105, 120 zoo, 36,44,57, 118 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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Contents List of Figures and Maps Acknowledgments ix xi A Note on Transliteration, Translations, and Dates A Note on Terminology xv xvii Introduction 1 1. St. Petersburg and Its Familiar Strangers 26 2. Policing Sex and Desire 64 3. Queer Streetlife 96 4. Bathing in the Queer City 125 5. Cruising in the Pays du Tendre 154 175 Conclusion Appendix: Key Sources Notes 187 Bibliography Index 245 223 183
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Index Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations. Adamov, Gerasin, 84 Admiralty Building, 26, 114 age in queer milieu: in Kuzmin's diaries, 168-69; of male versus female banshchiki, 149-50; medico-forensic analysis of young blackmailers, 49-51,168; Ostrovskii dossier, young/old dichotomy imposed on queer class structure in, 40-49, 61, 168 Ahmed, Sara, xviii-xix Alexander I (tsar), 157 Alexander II (tsar): assassination of, 34, 193nl6; reforms of, 2, 39,46, 74 alienation, 8,12, 172 Allan Gardens, Toronto, 162 ambiguity as hallmark of queer milieu, 18-20,178-82 anal sex, xviii, 34, 47, 52-53, 68 Andersson, Peter, 99 Anichkov Bridge, 23, 26-29, 28, 36, 57, 62, 97, 99, 105, 112, 117-22,119,120 apprentices, 36, 44, 47-48, 122, 123, 190n32 arbiters of illegalities, 65-67, 71-72, 76-79, 85-87, 93-95 architectural legibility of St. Petersburg, 10 archives: destruction of St. Petersburg archives, 22; municipal, 183-85; police, 21-22,23, 64; working with archival sources, 21-23 Army Medical Academy, 105 assemblage theory, 193n6 "aunties" (tetki or patrons): Kuzmin as, 155, 168; in Ostrovskii dossier, 30, 33, 36-37, 40—42, 44, 45, 48, 51-54, 56, 57, 61, 62, 201Ո41 Bailey, Peter, 129 Bakst, Léon, 170 banishment from city, 64, 71, 74, 75, 77, 92, 201n41,201n43 banshchiki (bathhouse attendants): age of male versus female attendants, 149-50; Bathhouse Ordinance of 1879 on, 140-42, 147-50; demographics, 134-35,149-50; Kuzmin and, 163, 218n20; in Ostrovskii dossier, 44, 47, 49; prostitution/sexual exploitation of, xx, 126, 134-35, 140^11, 148-50,152, 190Ո32; women as, 150, 214Ո74;
working life and conditions, 133-36,134, 210n9, 212n35 banyi nalog (bathhouse tax), 129,132,146,147 Basseinaia Baths, 7, 163 Bater, James H., 46,109, 195n50 bathhouse attendants. See banshchiki Bathhouse Ordinance of 1879, 126, 140-46, 148-53, 215Ո87 bathhouses, 24, 125-53; Anichkov Bridge’s proximity to, 27; attempted reform of, 2, 24, 32, 58, 61, 125-28, 139-43, 215-16n88; capacity, increasing, 218nll9; collective identity, as signifiers of, 138-39; as commercial establishments, 125-29, 132-35,136-44,146-58; as "commons," 127, 131, 133, 148, 153, 210-lln9; competing ideals of social communion and hygiene regarding, 126-27,132, 136, 138-39; discretion as to closing, 141; economics and demographics of, 125-28, 144-46, 145, 147,151-52, 215n84, 216-17ՈՈ90-91, 218Ո119; efforts to suppress illicit sex in, 150-52; hours of operation, 125, 140, 144, 146, 215n87; innovations in water technology and public hygiene, 136-39; introduction of village bathing practices into city, 128-32, 136,139, 211n9; Kuzmin and, 148, 152, 163,170,218Ո120; laundries, doubling as, 129, 131, 135, 142, 143, 144, 216n88; medical services offered by, 140; mixed-sex 245
246 INDEX bathhouses (continued) communal bathing, prohibition on, 129, 131,135,212n46, 214ՈՈ73-74; municipal bathhouses plan, 143, 215-16nn88-89; negotiation of noncompliance between government officials and operators of, 146-52; nomernaia bania, 125,133,134-36, 142, 145, 147-53, 212-13n46, 212n45, 218nl 19; Passazh, proximity to, 122; policing of, 86,150-53; prices charged, 129, 131, 141, 146, 152, 211n9, 212n26, 218Ո128; safety, maintenance, and hygiene issues, 139-40, 143, 214Ո70, 214Ո73, 214n79; sexual behavior and prostitution in, 132-36,134,139, 148-53; as "sexual commons," 127; social class and social division of, 129-30,130,138; steam bathing, 128-29; taxation of, 129,132, 146,147, 212-13n46; as "urban bathing commons,” 133; visibility in queer milieu, 148-53; Western world, transition to private bathing in, 137-38 Beachy, Robert, 203n66 Bech, Henning, 160 Bekhterev, Vladimir, 59 Benjamin, Walter, 123 Benoit, Alexandre, 174,221n67 Bentham, Jeremy, 97, 101, 157 Berkiund (in Ostrovskii dossier), 45 Berlin: electric streetlights in, 113; policing queer milieu in, 68; queer milieu in, 8, 13, 190n23 Berman, Marshall, 5, 6, 12,101 Bersenev, Vladimir, 14, 29, 42,191n41, 192Ո5, 194Ո21 blackmail, 49-51,122,168, 196n69, 200n31, 201Ո43, 203n66, 205n91, 209n87 blasé attitude/urban indifference of flaneur/queer men, 100 Bleys, Rudi, xvii Bliambenberg (in Ostrovskii dossier), 34 Bogdanov, Andrei, 128-29 Bogomolov, Nikolai, 221n48, 222n3 Bol'shaia Morskaia Street, 114 Boym, Svetlana, 211n9 Britain/British empire: bathhouses and bathhouse reform in, 137-38, 143; pohcing queer
milieu in, 68, 70, 199n21; prostitution, spatial regulation of, 190n22. See also London Browne, Simone, 102 Bukhner, Ernst, 51 Butler, Judith, 169 Bychkov, Fedor, 55,194n32 cabarets. See theaters, cabarets, and dance halls cabs and cabbies, xx, 96, 102, 107-10,120, 190n32, 208Ո52 cafés. See restaurants and cafés Canada. See Toronto Carte du Tendre (Scudéry), 164 Catherine the Great (tsar), 157 censorship, 149, 178, 218Ո113,219n5, 222n3 Central Park, New York, 162 Chauncey, Greg, 15, 88 Chernyshevsky, Nikolai, 49 Chesnokov (acquaintance of Kuzmin), 170 The Chimes of Love (Kuzmin), 203n64 cigarette case given to Johan by Dmitrii, 4 Ciniselli Circus, 27, 122 City Bulletin, 184, 207Г139 City Council, 109, 117,145-47, 150, 183-84, 208Ո54, 215- 16nn88-89, 215n84, 217n93, 217Ո104 City Credit Society, 213n53 City Duma, 39, 114, 139-40,142,145-46, 157, 184, 215Ո84, 217n93, 217Ո104 class. See social class Clélie (Scudéry), 164 clothing. See dress, makeup, and style Cocks, Harry, 89 Code of 1832, 195n35 Code of 1845, 67-68 Code of 1903, proposed sodomy statutes in, 43, 52-54, 60 Code of 1922, decriminalizing sodomy, 198Ո100 "commons," bathhouses as, 127,131, 133, 148, 153, 210-1 ln9 confectionery/pastry shops, 36,37,57,100 Cook, Matt, 116,171,199n20 Cossacks, 34 Criminal Codes. See specific entries at Code "The Crocodile" (Dostoyevsky), 121 Crook, Tom, 137 cruising: bathhouses, 137,218nl20; contextuality of, 22; defined, 154-55, 160-62; etymology of, 160; historiogra phy of, 14; in Johan and Dmitrii story, 3-4; for Kuzmin, 154-55, 162,170; in Ostrovskii dossier, 29, 31, 36, 45, 57,
58, 62; pohcing of queer milieu and, 64, 68, 71, 78, 80, 82, 83, 86, 87, 90, 91, 93; in restaurants and cafés, 4,14,25,27,36, 37, 47, 57, 68, 79, 99, 103, 106, 107, 110, 112, 113, 114, 121-22, 159, 167-68, 189Ո19, 203n66,209n91; seasonal patterns of, 36-37; sexual and socializing purposes of,
INDEX 58, 156, 160, 161, 163-64, 170-74; in shops, 36, 37, 57, 99, 100, 102-7, 112, 114, 116, 189Ո19; streetlife in St. Petersburg and, 87, 105, 107-10, 112, 115-16, 118, 122-23,124; in Tavricheskii Garden, 154-56, 159—65,170-74; in theaters, cabarets, and dance halls, 14,25,37,57, 99, 107,110, 113, 114, 189nl9. See also cabs and cabbies; trams daffodils, 166,220Ո14 Daly, Jonathan, 73,200n32 “dames” (dama), 35,40-41,42, 57, 62 Danaurov (in Ostrovskii dossier), 45 dance halls. See theaters, cabarets, and dance halls Dennis, Richard, 100 denunciations, poHce use of, 64, 71, 77, 78-79, 204n82 Depari, G. I. (in Ostrovskii dossier), 34 Diaghilev, Sergei, 169 Discipline and Punish (Foucault), 88 discretion: in closing bathhouses, 141; in operating and managing bathhouses, 141-42; in policing of queer milieu, 64, 70, 87-93, 94, 200n33 Dmitrii and Johan, story of, xviii, 3-5, 11, 19, 72, 86, 91, 176, 188n7 Dominic’s (restaurant), 122 Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 121 Drachevskii, Daniil, 85, 203-4Ո77 dress, makeup, and style: of "dames” (dama), 35, 40-41, 42, 57, 62; of flaneurs, 206Ո10; Kuzmin on, 166, 194n23; Ostrovskii dossier on, 35, 40; in Tavricheskii Garden, 166 Dunai (hotel), 85 Durdin (bathhouse operator), 215n84 economy of illegalities, 67, 92, 93, 94 Egorovory Brothers, bathhouse of, 134 Eizenberg, Efrat, 210-1 ln9 Ekaterininskii Garden/Park, 27,36, 57 Ekimov (in Ostrovskii dossier), 45 electric streetlights and nightlife, 32, 97, 99, 107, 112-16,11Í, 122, 124 Ely, Christopher, 190n22,190n28 emergency legislation: bathhouses and, 125, 150-51; cruising and, 72-76, 82-87;
Ostrovskii dossier and, 43; policing of queer milieu and, 74, 75, 200n32, 201n43 emotional refuge or sanctuary Tavricheskii Garden/queer milieu as, 155, 156, 160-62, 165, 173-74 247 Engelstein, Laura, 14,15, 16, 74, 79, 92, 187—88n2, 191Ո45, 200ՈՅՅ England. See Britain/British empire; London enlightened bureaucracy, 40 entente: bathhouse management and, 126, 146-47; policing of queer milieu and, 20, 75, 86; social class and, 38-39; spatial entente between urban actors, 11, 20 Ermitazh (Hermitage Palace), 157 exposure. See violence and exposure, threat/ reality of "familiar strangers,” 99-100, 162,165,169, 179, 188n8 females. See women Field of Mars, 158 Filippov, Tertiia, 42, 43 flagging, 3 flaneurs and queer men, parallels between, 97-101,102, 103, 106-7, 114, 171 Fontanka River and Embankment, 26,27, 36, 62, 63, 101, 114, 117, 118, 122, 207n27 Forensic Gynecology (Merzheevskii), 59 forensic-medical works on homosexuality. See medico-forensic works on homosexuality Foucault, Michel: on arbiters/economy of illegalities, 65, 76, 92-94; Discipline and Punish, 88; on governmentality, 71, 88, 153; on "infamous men,” 176-78,182; on model of disciplinary society, 67, 88, 92-94,106,200n33; on penality, 205n84; on spatial ordering, 8 France: decriminalization of sodomy in, 70; policing queer milieu in, 70-71,205n96. See also Paris freemasons, 43, 56, 201n41 French Revolution, 70 "friendly gang," Kuzmin on, 81, 154, 159, 162, 163, 165, 169, 170, 171, 173 Fuks, Iosif Borisovich, 199nl7 Furshtatskaia Street, 105 Fyodor (in Kuzmin’s Wings), 178-79 Fyodor's unde (in Kuzmin's Wings), 180
Gagarinskaia Embankment, 105 Galernaia Street, 3 gallery, Passazh, 100, 121-22, 209n91 Gandy, Matthew, 174, 210n9 Gautier, Theophile, 108 gay liberation history and gay rights movement, 9,19 Gay New York (Chauncey), 15 Gazeta Kapeika, 207ո39
248 INDEX Germany: male prostitution not specifically criminalized in, 203n66; sodomy statutes in, 68. See also Berlin "goluboi," 191n40 Gorokhovaia Street, 154 Gould, William, 157 government control, assertion of: bath houses, attempted reform of, 2,24,32, 58, 61, 125—28, 139-43, 215-16Ո88; bathhouses, efforts to suppress illicit sex in, 150-52; bathhouses, negotiation of noncompliance between government officials and operators of, 146-52; Ostrovskii dossier, tension between government suppression/toleration in, 31, 55; post-revolutionary, 187-88n2; prerevolutionary radical underground in St. Petersburg and, 190n22; prostitution in Britain, spatial regulation of, 190n22; shaping of queer milieu by, 9-12, 23, 24, 175-78, 180-81; sources of information on queer milieu and, 16-20. See aho policing of queer milieu; sodomy statutes governmentality, 71, 88, 127, 137-38,153 Great Britain. See Britain/British empire; London Gulf of Finland, 34, 128 Gusev, Asterii, 43, 62 Gusev, Dmitrii, and Johan Vol'mon, xviii, 3-5, 11, 19, 72, 86, 91, 176, 188n7 Gustov, Adrian (bathhouse operator), 125, 147 Hakanen, Ulla, 156 handkerchief, red, 34, 193Ո19 Haussmann, Georges-Eugène, Baron, 105 Healey, Dan, xix, 12, 14, 15, 110,115, 126, 148, 171, 192n45, 195Ո46, 198Ո100, 200n31, 204Ո82, 222n3 heat and tenderness, spatial patterns of, 6-9, 163-65, 172, 189Ո18 Hermitage Palace (Ermitazh), 157 Hetherington, Philippa, 196n58 Hirschfeld, Magnus, 190n32 Homosexual Desire in Revolutionary Russia (Healey), 15 homosexuality: medico-forensic works on, xix, xx, 31, 35, 38, 47, 49-53, 59-60, 73,
78,140,148,176,184, 200n31; terminol ogy of, xvii, xix; xvii,xix (See also queer milieu in late imperial St. Petersburg) hooligans and hooliganism, 81-82; Katkov as, 221Ո48; policing of queer milieu and, 81-82, 202n63,203ՈՈ66-67; streetlife and, 110; in Tavricheskii Garden, 81-82,144, 155, 159, 161, 162, 166, 168, 173,220n43, 221Ո55 horse cabs and cabbies, xx, 96, 102,107-10, 120, 190Ո32, 208Ո52 horse-drawn trams (konki), 111, 110-12,112, 120 hotels and hotel rooms, 20-204Ո77,85,121-22 Houlbrook, Matt, 17, 18, 89, 116, 190n23, 199n21, 209Ո77 Howell, Philip, 190n22 Hubbard, Phil, 113, 189nl9 Hungary, bathhouses in, 138 Hyde Park, London, 122, 162 ice-skating rinks, 36, 57, 158, 189nl9 industrialization and urbanization in Russia, 13, 32, 39, 46, 96—97, 195n50 "infamous men," Foucault on, 176-78,182 international queer identity, 190n23 Italianskaia Street, 121 Johan and Dmitrii, story of, xviii, 3-5, 11,19, 72, 86, 91, 176, 188n7 K sudu! (On Trial! Homosexual St. Petersburg; Ruadze), 61-63, 203n64 Karlínsky, Simon, 12,13, 14, 222n3 Katkov, Semen, 167֊68,221n48 Kazanskaia Borough, 78, 150 K-gelm, Count, 61 Kirochnaia Street, 105 Kleigel’s, Count, 77 konki (trams), 111, 110-12,112,120 Konnogvardeiskii Boulevard, 3^1, 36 Korkunov, Nikolai, 195n35 Kovalevskii, Pavel, 56,193n20, 194n33 Kriukov, Timofei (bathhouse operator), 147, 217Ո102 Kudriashev, Vasilii, 165-67, 169 Kuzmin, Mikhail: as "auntie,” 155,168; bathhouses and banshehiki, 148,152, 163, 170, 218Ո120; cab drive described by, 109-10; The Chimes of Love, 203n64; on cruising, 154-55, 162,170; on "familiar strangers,"
99-100, 162, 165, 169,179, 188n8; on "friendly gang," 81, 154,159, 162, 163, 165, 169, 170, 171, 173; on fuzzy line between commercial and noncom mercial sex, 203n66; on makeup, 194n23; Old Believers, interest in, 166; on policing of queer milieu, 64, 72, 80-81, 86, 91, 93;
INDEX pornography fine, 81,149, 152, 178, 202—Յո64, 218nll3,219ո5, 221-22ոՅ; queer milieu in writings of, xix, xx, 56; on spatial patterns of tenderness and heat, 7, 163-65, 172,189Ո18; on St. Petersburg, xi; "Summer Love," 169; Tavricheskii Garden and, 7, 58, 80, 81, 154-56,158-74, 189Ո18 (See alse Tavricheskii Garden); "teasing the police” in Tavricheskii Garden, 64, 80-81, 165; tenderness and heat, Kuzmin and Somov making allegorical map of, 7,155, 156, 162-65, 172,173-74,189Ո18; "Voyage du pays du tendre au pays chaud," 7, 163, 189nl8; Wings, xix, 81,149, 178-82,203n64, 219n5, 222n4 Lange, Adolf, 167,168 laundries, bathhouses serving as, 129,131, 135, 142, 143, 144, 216n88 Lefebvre, Henry, 206nl9 legal codes. See sodomy statutes; specific entries at Code Leikin, Nikolai, 133 lesbians and lesbianism, 68,187-88n2,198n8 lighting, street, 32, 97, 99, 107, 112-16, 115, 122, 124 Linevskii (in Ostrovskii dossier), 48 Lipsky, Michael, 89-90 Liteinaia Borough, 24, 28, 57, 84,97, 101-11, 102,104, 114, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 158, 203Ո70 Liteinyi Prospect, 102,103,105, 107,108, lll,207n37 'literate," as term for experienced queer men, xviii, xx, 25,170-71,172,174, 180 "little man" trope in Russian literature, 182 Liverpool, bathhouses in, 137, 143 London: arcades in, 123; bathhouses in, 137, 138; cruising in, 171; electric streetlights in, 113,114; Hyde Park, 122,162; public urinals in, 116; queer milieu in, 8, 13, 190n23; queer policing in, 199n21; Vauxhall Gardens, 6,101,159 Luxembourg Gardens, Paris, 158 makeup. See dress, makeup, and style Malmstad, John, 222n3 Malyi Theatre,
27, 36 Manchester, bathhouses in, 143 Manezh (seasonal fair), 27 Markoy A., 14, 29, 42, 191Ո41, 192n5, 194n21 249 Marxism, 13 Maslov, Pavfik, 110, 168-69,170, 221n50 masons, 43, 56, 201n41 Maynard, Steven, 171 McReynolds, Louise, 11 Medical Police, 140,150 medico-forensic works on homosexuality, xix, XX, 31, 35, 38, 47, 49-53, 59-60, 73, 78, 140, 148, 176, 184, 200n31 Memorial Square, Toronto, 171 Merts, Ivan, 117-18 Merzheevskii, Vladislav, 47, 49, 50, 54, 56, 59, 61, 140, 168, 196-97ՈՈ69-70, 209n87 Mesherskii, Count, 42,192n5 Mikhailov Gang, 121 Mikhailovskaia Manezh (riding academy), 117,118 Mikhailovskaia Square, 27, 36, 57,117, 122, 194Ո26 Mikhailovsky Theatre, 27, 36 Mikhnevich, Vladimir, 157 milieu, concept of, xix-xx, 30 "modernism of underdevelopment," in St. Petersburg, 5, 101 Mokhovaia Street, 105 “moral brigade," 199-200n22 Morozov's ("Rossiia;” restaurant), 159, 167-68 Moscow Train Station, 120 municipal bathhouses plan, 143, 215- 16nn88-89 music halls. See theaters, cabarets, and dance halls "muzhiks," 46 Nabokov, Vladimir (father of novelist), 53, 59 Nadezhdinskaia Street, 107 narcissus, 35, 194n23 Narodnyi Dorn, 61, 63 Narvskaia Borough, 84, 203n70 Nekrasova Baths, 122 Neuberger, Joan, 12,202n63,203n67 Neva River, 24,128, 157, 216n90 Nevsky Prospect, 24, 26, 27, 36, 64, 76, 77, 82, 86, 103, 105, 107-11,108, 111, 112, 113, 114, 121, 121, 159, 166, 167, 177, 208n66 New York: bathhouses in, 137; Central Park, 162; electric streetlights in, 113; Gay New York (Chauncey), 15; queer milieu in, 8, 13, 190Ո23 Nicholas I (tsar), 207Ո27
250 INDEX Nicholas II (tsar), 42,148 nightlife and electric streetlights, 32, 97, 99, 107, 112-16,115, 122, 124 Nikolaevskaia Station, 114 Nikolaevskii Bridge, 188n7 nomernaia bania (numbered or family baths), 125, 133, 134-36, 142, 145, 147-53, 212-13n46, 212n45, 218Ո119 Nouvel, Walter, 170 observer effect, 63 Ogborn, Miles, 6,101, 159 Old Believers, 166 Olimpia (hotel), 85 On Trial! Homasexual St. Petersburg^ sudul; Ruadze), 61-63,203n64 Orlikov, Vasilit, 204n82 Ostrovskii, Alexander, 49 Ostrovskii, Mikhail, 29,42,43, 49, 52, 62, 192n5 Ostrovskii dossier, 23,26-63; administrative prerogatives and, 201n41; Anichkov Bridge, visibility of queer milieu at, 26-29, 28; anonymous authorship of, 29, 32, 194n21; blame for emergence of queer milieu in, 29-30,48-54, 168; on casual queer socialization, 31, 58; class structure of queer milieu in, 29, 31, 38—48; concept of queer milieu in, 30, 56-57; contents of, 29-38; on electric streetlighting, 114; government suppression/toleration, tension between, 31, 55; as guide for queer men, 62-63; historical reliability of, 58-62; inconsis tencies in, 33-34,45; list of named individuals in, 29,34,42-43; police reports, use of, 34-35,194n21; prostitu tion in, 33-34, 35-36, 37,44-48; on public/semipublic spaces, 31,34,37,41, 57-58; purpose[s] of, 43-44, 62-63; rediscovery of, 29; Ruadze’s On Trial! compared, 61-63; spatial patterns of queer milieu in, 30-31, 35-38, 40; on streetlife, 31, 55-57; strength of individuals’ links to queer milieu in, 31; on suicides, 34-35; threats attributed to homosexuality in, 29, 34, 52; timetable of cruising
activities in, 29; visibility of queer milieu in, 29,31-34; young/old dichotomy imposed on class structure in, 40-49, 61, 168 The Other St. Petersburg (Pirtutko), 14 Otter, Chris, 137 Palkin (restaurant), 27,47 panoptica! space, 10,26,27,97,99,101-2, 102, 106, 109 panopticon, Bentham’s design of, 97,101, 157 Paris: arcades in, 123; electric streetlights in, 113; Haussmann's reconstruction of, 105; Luxembourg Gardens, 158; public urinals in, 116, 117, 118, 209n77; queer milieu in, 8, 13, 190Ո23; sexual policing in, 70-71, 205n96; spatial pattern of queer milieu in, 180 Paris Exhibition (1878), 114 Passazh (shopping arcade): bathhouses, proximity to, 157, 158; Ostrovskii dossier and, 27, 34, 36, 57, 58; policing of, 86; queer streetlife and, 97, 100,115, 116, 121-24,121, 209Ո92; reconstruction of, 115, 122-24, 121, 184 pastry/confectionery shops, 36, 37, 57, 100 patrons. See "aunties" Pavlik (lover of Kuzmin). See Maslov, Pavlik Pavliusha (in Ostrovskii dossier), 34 payment for sex. See prostitution pederasts and pederasty, xviii, 30, 34, 49,51, 52, 56-57, 77, 92, 120, 193n20, 194n32, 201Ո43, 204n82 Peniston, William A., 116 performative space, Tavricheskii Garden as, 169 Peski Borough, 157 Peter the Great (tsar), 9, 38, 39, 128, 129 Peterburgskii listák, 207n39, 209n91, 221-22ՈՅ Petersburg Flyer, 184 Petrov, Ivan, 217Ո102 petty crimes statutes, police use of, 21-22, 76-79, 199Ո20, 204n82 Piriutko, Iurii, 14, 29,191nn40-41 Pogodin, M. P., 194-95Ո35 "The Police and Gays" (Bersen’ev and Markov), 14 policing of queer milieu, 23-24; adminis trative prerogatives, use of, 73-76;
Anichkov Bridge, constabulary post at, 26-27; bathhouses, 86, 150-53; constable defined for purposes of, 198n5; denuncia tions, 64, 71, 77, 78-79, 204n82; discretion ary versus disciplinary society models, 87-93, 94, շՕՕոՅՅ; electric streetlights and, 112-13; hotels and hotel rooms, 20-204Ո77, 85; institutional weakness of police force, 75-76; Johan and Dmitrii,
INDEX Story of, xviii, 3-5, 11, 19, 72, 86, 91, 176, 188ո7; medico-forensic expertise and, 73, 78,200n31; methods of policing beyond straightforward enforcement, 67, 69-72; "moral brigade," 199-200n22; Ostrovskii dossier, use of police reports by, 34-35, 194n21; pederasts and pederasty, 77, 92, 201Ո43,204n82; petty crimes statutes, use of, 21-22, 76—79,199n20, 204n82; prosecution incidents, problem of reliance on, 16-20, 69-70; prostitution and, 64; in public/semipublic places, 57-58,194n26; reactive system of policing, 105, 209n84; relations between constables, subjects, and police hierarchy, 67, 80-82, 93; secret directive of 1910, 67, 82-87, 88, 93, 143, 176,203n70; shaping of queer milieu, as factor in, 175-78; social class affecting, 80-81, 84; social estates, imperial system of, 39; sodomy statutes, ambiguous relationship to, 67-69; source materials for, 21-22, 66, 198-99Ո11, 200n25; spatial focus of constables as arbiters of illegalities, 65-67, 71-72, 76-79, 85-87, 93-95; streetlife and, 105-7, 110, 112-13, 121-22; surveillance activities, 69, 83, 85, 87, 105-7, 112-13, 193-94n20; in Tavricheskii Garden, 80, 81,166-67, 220n43; "teasing the police," 64, 80-81, 165; variety of police responses, 64-65; visibility, reducing, 73 Pollock, Ethan, 126-27,131,132 pornography, 81, 149,152, 178, 202n64, 213n47, 219n5, 221-22n3 Potemkin, Grigory, 157 private spaces: versus public/semipublic spaces, 7, 9,10, 20, 22, 23, 24, 37,189nl9; secret directive of 1910 aimed at, 67, 82-87, 88, 93, 143, 176, 203n70 prostitution: banshchiki and, xx, 126,134, 135, 140-41, 148-50, 152,
190n32; bathhouses, sexual behavior and prostitution in, 132-36,134,139, 148-53; "debauchery in public spaces,” charges of, 197n80; exploitation as key dynamic in, 44-48; female prostitution, 46, 47, 48, 78, 195n48, 213n47; fuzzy line between commercial and noncommercial sex, 203n66; greater commercialization of, 126,148, 149; legality of, 197n80, 203n66; Ostrovskii dossier on, 33-34, 35-36,37, 44-48; policing of queer milieu and, 64; 251 prices charged, 47,196n58; spatial regulation of, in Britain, 190n22 public library, 27, 36 public transport, 97, 107, 108-12,108, 111, 112, 124 public urinals, 27, 33, 36, 57, 58, 99,100,107, 116-20,119, 124, 196Ո26 public/semipublic spaces: "debauchery in public spaces,” charges of, 197n80; defining, 189nl9; Ostrovskii dossier on, 31,34,37, 41, 57-58; policing of, 57-58, 194n26; private spaces versus, 7, 9,10, 20, 22, 23, 24, 37, 189Ո19; streetlife and, 99. See aUo specific spaces, e.g. bathhouses Pyzin, Vladimir, 112,208n52 queer milieu in late imperial St. Petersburg, 1-25,175-82; ambiguity as hallmark of, 18-20, 178-82; architectural legibility of city, 10; conditions of life in, 5-6; as emotional refuge or sanctuary, 155,156, 160-62,165, 173-74; factors in shaping of, 175-78; gay liberation history and, 19; historiography of, 12-16; international permeability, lack of, 190n23; Johan and Dmitril, story of, xviii, 3-5,11,19, 72, 86, 91, 176, 188n7; map of, 28; milieu, concept of, xix-xx, 30; municipal and national events affecting, 32; persecution/ prosecution incidents, problem of reliance on, 16-20; source material for, 2-3, 16-23,
183-85; tenderness and heat, spatial patterns of, 6-9, 163-65, 172, 189Ո18; time period covered by (1879-1914), 2, 60-61; urban space, queer exploitation of, 8-9, 10-12, 56, 97, 107, 124,194n33; use and multivalent meanings of "queer," xvii-xx. See also bathhouses; government control, assertion of; Ostrovskii dossier; policing of queer milieu; public/semipublic spaces; spatial patterns of queer milieu; streetlife; Tavricheskii Garden; visibility of queer milieu queer sexual policing. See policing of queer milieu queer socialization. See socialization within queer milieu queer streetlife. See streetlife Quince, Annabelle, 222ՈՅ Raikowskii, Lieutenant, 37, 45, 71, 72, 177 Rauch (in Ostrovskii dossier), 45
252 INDEX reactive system of policing, 105,209ո84 red handkerchief, 34,193nl9 Reddy, William, 165,173 restaurants and cafés: in bathhouses, 131, 140; as cruising spots, 4, 14,25, 27, 36, 37, 47, 57, 68, 79, 99, 103, 106, 107,110, 112, 113,114, 121, 159, 167-68, 189Ո19, 203Ո66,209n91; Dominic’s, 122; Morozov's ("Rossiia"), 159, 167-68; Palkin, 27,47; Steeger’s Restaurant, Berlin, 68; in Tavricheskii Garden, 156, 158 retiradniki. See public urinals Revolution of 1905,32 Romanoy Konstantin, 148 Ross, Andrew Israel, 48, 88,116, 180, 197Ո94, 199—200n22, 205n96, 209n77 "Rossiia” (Morozov’s restaurant), 159, 167-68 Rozanov, Vasilit, 49,148,152 Rozenbetg, A., 216n88 Rozhdestvenskaia Borough, 158 Ruadze, Vladimir, 56, 61-63, 114, 118,119, 122, 158, 159, 161, 166, 184, 203n64 Russian Revolution (1917), 2, 9-11,18, 22, 54, 66, 109, 143, 182 San Francisco, 8,13,190n23 Sanitary Commission, 142,143,146, 151, 183, 215Ո88, 217n96 Sarkisov (college assessor), 37,45 Sasha (periodic lover of Kuzmin), 168, 170-71 Sazonova, Elena, 78 Schivelbusch, Wolfgang, 208n59 Schliemann, Heinrich, 16 Scudéry, Mademoiselle (Madeleine) de, 163, 164,165 seasonal patterns of cruising, 36-37 secret directive of 1910, 67, 82-87, 88, 93, 143, 176, 203Ո70 Security Law of 1881,125, 198n2 Semenovich, Georgit, 114 semipublic spaces. See public/semipublic spaces serfs, emancipation of (1861), 39,49,96,134 sexological works. See medico-forensic works on homosexuality sexual encounters: anal sex, xviii, 34, 47, 52-53, 68; in bathhouses, 132-36,134, 139, 148-53; cruising, sexual and socializing purposes of,
58,156,160,161, 163-64,170-74; Ostrovskii dossier, sexual preferences of listed individuals in, 34; Ostrovskii dossier, young/old dichotomy imposed on queer class structure in, 40-49, 61, 168; tenderness and heat, spatial patterns of, 6-9,163-65,172, 189nl8. See also prostitution Sheremetev Palace, 36 shops and shopping: clerks, assistants, and shopkeepers, 45, 81,110,161, 165-69, 220n39; cruising spots, shops as, 36, 37, 57, 99, 100, 102-7, 112, 114, 116, 189Ո19; streetlights and, 32, 97, 99, 107, 112-16, 115,122, 124; window-shopping, 102, 114-16,115. See also Passazh Shpalernaia Street, 147 Shumikhin, Setgei, 221Ո48 Siberia, exile to, 194Ո32 Siemens Halske, 114 signs/symbols of queerness, 34, 35, 166, 193Ո19, 194n23, 220Ո14 Simmel, Georg, 206nl5 sin taxes, 147 Siuzor, Pavel, 139-40 Smith, Alison, 195n35 Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll, 161 social class: bathhouses and, 129-30,130, 138; changing paradigms of, 39-40, 195n35; Hirschfeld on, 190n32; imperial system of social estates, 38-39,19495n35; in Kuzmin's accounts of Tavricheskii Garden, 165-69; Ostrovskii dossier, blame for emergence of queer milieu in, 29-30, 48-54; Ostrovskii dossier, class structure of queer milieu in, 29,31,38-48; policing of queer milieu and, 80-81, 84; Ruadze on queer milieu and, 61; worker's flat cap sometimes worn by Kuzmin, 166; young/old dichotomy imposed on, 40-49, 61, 168 socialization within queer milieu: bath houses, competing ideals of social communion and hygiene regarding, 126-27,132, 136,138-39; cruising as means of sex and socialization, 58,156, 160, 161,163-65,170-74; Ostrovskii dossier
on, 31, 58; policing and, 80-82; Tavricheskii Garden as place of, 6-7,58, 80-82,156,160-62,165-72; tenderness and heat, spatial patterns of, 6-9,163-65, 172,189nl8 Society for Popular Sobriety, 167 sodomy statutes: abrogation of, 2; blackmail cases, 50; decriminalization of sodomy
INDEX (1922), 187—88ո2, 198Ո100; difficulty in detecting and preventing breaches of, 65-66, 68, 79; legislative tolerance of homosexuality and, 59-60; Ostrovskii dossier and proposed revision of, 43, 52-54, 60; policing of queer milieu, ambiguous relationship to, 67-69; prosecutions/failure to prosecute under, 15, 17, 18, 24, 47-48, 69-70, 194n32. See also specific entries at Code soldiers in queer milieu, 33-34, 35-36, 44, 56, 105, 122, 184-85 Somov, Konstantin, 7, 9, 156, 163-65,169, 170, 173-74, 189Ո18 Sorokin (bathhouse operator), 147 space, as concept, 206nl9 Spasskaia Borough, 84, 203n70 spatial patterns of queer milieu, 1-2, 24-25; ambiguity as hallmark of, 18-20, 178-82; factors in shaping of, 175-78,180-81; in Ostrovskii dossier, 30-31,35-38, 40; overlapping with other spatial patterns, 16-17; in Paris, 180; police constables, spatial focus of, 65-67, 71-72, 76-79, 85-87,93-95; Tavricheskii Garden, emotional mapping of, 7,155, 156, 162-65,173-74,189nl8; tenderness and heat, 6-9,163-65,172, 189nl8; urban innovations affecting, 97, 107 (See also electric streetlights and nightlife; public transport; public urinals; shopping) sponsorships, 48, 51 St. Petersburg. See queer milieu in late imperial St. Petersburg; specific locations steam bathing, 128 steam engines and steam pumps, 137 Steegers Restaurant, Berlin, 68 Steinberg, Mark, 12-13, 96,184,192nl Stepan (shop-clerk friend of Kuzmin), 110, 165-67,169 streetlife, 24, 96-124; Anichkov Bridge in, 26-27, 97, 99, 105,112, 117-22,119,120; electric streetlights and nightlife, 32, 97, 99,107, 112-16,115, 122, 124; flaneurs
and queer men, parallels between, 97-101,102,103, 106-7, 114; inLiteinaia Borough, 97, 101-11,102,104, 114, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121; Ostrovskii dossier on, 31, 55-57; in Passazh, 97,115, 116, 121-24,121, 209n91; policing of queer milieu and, 105-7, 110,112-13,121-22; public transport, 97, 107,108-12,108, 111, 253 112,124; public urinals, 97, 99, 100, 107, 116-20,119, 124; public/semipublic spaces and, 99; urban innovations and, 97, 107; window-shopping, 115, 115-16. See also cabs and cabbies; trams streetlights and nightlife, 32, 97, 99,107, 112-16,115, 122, 124 Stroop (in Kuzmin's Wings'), 178-79 suicide: in Johan and Dmitrii story, 188n7; Ostrovskii dossier on, 34-35 Summer Garden, 36, 41,158 "Summer Love" (Kuzmin), 169 Summer Palace, 24 Suvorovskii Prospect, 109 symbols/signs of queerness, 34, 35,166, 193Ո19, 194n23, 220Ո14 syphilis and other venereal diseases, 150 tapetkas, 155,219n2 Tard'e, Otto, 84 Tardieu, Auguste, 59 Tarnovskii, Veniamin, 47, 49-52, 54, 56-57, 150, 168, 201Ո43, 205n91 Tavricheskii Garden, 24, 154-74; "aunties" sitting on benches in, 41; cruising in, 154-56, 159-65,170-74; as emotional refuge or sanctuary, 155, 156, 160-62, 165,173-74; history, physical descrip tion, and location of, 24,156,157-60; hooligans and hooliganism in, 81-82, 144, 155, 159, 161, 162, 166, 168, 173, 220n43, 221Ո55; Kuzmin and, 7, 58, 80, 81,154-56,158-74,189nl8; night visits to, Kuzmin’s lack of, 171; Passazh, proximity to, 122; as performative space, 169; policing in, 80, 81, 166-67, 220n43; queer socializing, as place of, 6-7, 58, 80-82,156, 160-62,165-72; Ruadze on, 61,
63; "teasing the police” in, 64, 80-81, 165; tenderness and heat, Kuzmin and Somov making allegorical map of, 7, 155, 156, 162—65, 172, 173-74, 189Ո18; visibility of queer milieu in, 159,161, 171 Tavricheskii Palace, 157 Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilich, 41 tenderness and heat, spatial patterns of, 6-9, 163-65, 172, 189Ո18 tetki. See "aunties” theaters, cabarets, and dance halls: as cruising spots, 14, 25, 37, 57, 99,107,110, 113,114, 189Ո19; Malyi Theatre, 27, 36; Mikhailovsky Theatre, 27,36 toilets. See public urinals
254 INDEX toleration of queer milieu, 4, 11, 176-77; bathhouses and, 139,143, 210n9; Ostrovskii dossier and, 31, 55, 59; by police, 66, 67, 68, 86, 89, 91, 92, 94-96, 199Ո11 Tolstoy, Lev, 49 Toronto: Allan Gardens, 162; Memorial Square, 171 trams (konki), 111, 110-12,112,120 Turkish baths, 138 Turner, Mark W, 116,160 Vbl’mon, Johan, and Dmitrii Gusev, xviii, 3-5, 11, 19, 72, 86, 91, 176, 188Ո7 Vorobets-Spasskii (in Ostrovskii dossier), 56 Voronia Bathhouse, 130 "Voyage du pays du tendre au pays chaud” (Kuzminpoem), 7, 163, 189Ո18 "Voyage du pays du tendre au pays chaud,” concept of, 6-7,162-65 Voznesenskii Prospect, 78 Vsevolozhskii (director of Imperial Theatres), 42 United Kingdom. See Britain/British empire; London United States. See New York; San Francisco urban anxieties, 12 urban indifference/blasé attitude of flaneur/queer men, 100 Urban Reforms of Alexander П, 39 urban space, queer exploitation of, 8-9, 10-12, 56, 97, 107, 124, 194n33 urbanization and industrialization in Russia, 13, 32, 39, 46, 96-97, 195n50 water and water control in St. Petersburg, 128,136-39 Weekly Register, 6 Weissman, Neil, 75-76, 87-88, 201n46, 209n84 white nights, 154 Wilde, Oscar, 17, 222n3 window-shopping, 102, 114-16,115 Wings (Kuzmin), xix, 81,149,178-82, 203n64, 219n5, 222n4 Witte, Count, 39 women: as banshchiki, 150,214n74; bathhouses and, 129, 131, 135, 212n46, 214nn73-74; female prostitution, 46, 47, 48, 78, 195n48, 213n47; as flaneurs, 206nl0; lesbians and lesbianism, 68, 187-88112, 198n8; men outnumbering, in St. Petersburg, 196n54; in Passazh, 122; in Tavricheskii Garden,
122,165-66 World War I, 2, 36, 75, 109, 114, 143, 191n45 Vania (in Kuzmin’s Wings'), 178-82 Vasilievskii Borough, 216n88 Vasilii (bathhouse attendant), 47, 49 Vasilii (shop-clerk friend of Kuzmin). See Kudriashev, Vasilii Vauxhall Gardens, London, 6,101,159 Vendorf, Count, 83, 84, 85 Vernon, Nicholas, 100,206Ո15 Views on Clinical Psychiatry, Neurology, and Experimental Psychology (journal), 59 violence and exposure, threat/reality of, 68, 82, 89, 138, 149, 160, 162, 167-68, 172, 173,176,219n5. See also blackmail; hooligans and hoohganism visibility of queer milieu: ambiguity/ opacity, in St. Petersburg, 15-16,19-20; at Anichkov Bridge, 26-29, 28; in bath houses, 148-53; government efforts to manage queer milieu increasing, 21, 197n94; in Kuzmin's Wings, 178-82; in Ostrovskii dossier, 29, 31-34; policing aimed at reducing, 73; scholarly focus on, 13-14; in Tavricheskii Garden, 159, 161, 171; urban innovations and, 107, 114-15 Yablochkov, Pavel, 114 yard keepers, 71,106, 168, 190n32, 193-94Ո20 yellow daffodils/narcissus, 35, 166,194n23, 220Ո14 Yusin (acquaintance of Kuzmin), 170 Zaitsev (procurer), 47 Zanosov, Dmitrii, 112, 208n52 zemstvo movement, 196n64 Zimmel’, Ludwig Adamovich, 64, 71, 72, 76-82, 91, 93, 120, 177 Znamenskaia Baths, 7,122, 159, 163 Znamenskaia Square, 26, 36, 57, 105, 120 zoo, 36,44,57, 118 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Petri, Olga 1985- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1275660754 |
| author_facet | Petri, Olga 1985- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Petri, Olga 1985- |
| author_variant | o p op |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048294114 |
| classification_rvk | KI 1020 MS 2870 NR 8748 |
| contents | St. Petersburg and its familiar strangers -- Policing sex and desire -- Queer Streetlife -- Bathing in the queer city -- Cruising in the pays du tendre |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1334039428 (DE-599)BVBBV048294114 |
| discipline | Soziologie Geschichte Slavistik |
| discipline_str_mv | Soziologie Geschichte Slavistik |
| era | Geschichte 1879-1914 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1879-1914 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg fast Sankt Petersburg (DE-588)4267026-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg Sankt Petersburg |
| id | DE-604.BV048294114 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T20:04:36Z |
| indexdate | 2024-12-05T11:06:01Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781501763779 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033674033 |
| oclc_num | 1334039428 |
| open_access_boolean | |
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| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-11 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 |
| physical | xx, 254 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Diagramm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20230215 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Cornell University Press |
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| spelling | Petri, Olga 1985- Verfasser (DE-588)1275660754 aut Places of tenderness and heat the queer milieu of fin-de-siècle St. Petersburg Olga Petri Ithaca ; London Cornell University Press 2022 xx, 254 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Diagramm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverzeichnis Seite 223-243 St. Petersburg and its familiar strangers -- Policing sex and desire -- Queer Streetlife -- Bathing in the queer city -- Cruising in the pays du tendre "The emphasis of this book is as much on the routine behaviors of queer men, ranging from informal socialization to outright sexual transgression, as it is about the efforts of constables, administrators, government officials, and sanitary inspectors to maintain moral order. Petri describes a surprisingly stable entente between illicit communion and municipal authorities' paternalistic ambitions." Geschichte 1879-1914 gnd rswk-swf Gay men / Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg / History / 19th century Space / Social aspects / Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg / History / 19th century Space / Political aspects / Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg / History / 19th century Gay men / Legal status, laws, etc / Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg / History / 19th century Homosexuels masculins / Russie / Saint-Pétersbourg / Histoire / 19e siècle Espace / Aspect social / Russie / Saint-Pétersbourg / Histoire / 19e siècle Espace / Aspect politique / Russie / Saint-Pétersbourg / Histoire / 19e siècle Gay men fast Gay men / Legal status, laws, etc fast Homosexueller (DE-588)4025801-4 gnd rswk-swf Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg fast Sankt Petersburg (DE-588)4267026-3 gnd rswk-swf Sankt Petersburg (DE-588)4267026-3 g Homosexueller (DE-588)4025801-4 s Geschichte 1879-1914 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-5017-6378-6 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-1-5017-6379-3 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033674033&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033674033&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033674033&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Petri, Olga 1985- Places of tenderness and heat the queer milieu of fin-de-siècle St. Petersburg St. Petersburg and its familiar strangers -- Policing sex and desire -- Queer Streetlife -- Bathing in the queer city -- Cruising in the pays du tendre Gay men / Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg / History / 19th century Space / Social aspects / Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg / History / 19th century Space / Political aspects / Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg / History / 19th century Gay men / Legal status, laws, etc / Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg / History / 19th century Homosexuels masculins / Russie / Saint-Pétersbourg / Histoire / 19e siècle Espace / Aspect social / Russie / Saint-Pétersbourg / Histoire / 19e siècle Espace / Aspect politique / Russie / Saint-Pétersbourg / Histoire / 19e siècle Gay men fast Gay men / Legal status, laws, etc fast Homosexueller (DE-588)4025801-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4025801-4 (DE-588)4267026-3 |
| title | Places of tenderness and heat the queer milieu of fin-de-siècle St. Petersburg |
| title_auth | Places of tenderness and heat the queer milieu of fin-de-siècle St. Petersburg |
| title_exact_search | Places of tenderness and heat the queer milieu of fin-de-siècle St. Petersburg |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Places of tenderness and heat the queer milieu of fin-de-siècle St. Petersburg |
| title_full | Places of tenderness and heat the queer milieu of fin-de-siècle St. Petersburg Olga Petri |
| title_fullStr | Places of tenderness and heat the queer milieu of fin-de-siècle St. Petersburg Olga Petri |
| title_full_unstemmed | Places of tenderness and heat the queer milieu of fin-de-siècle St. Petersburg Olga Petri |
| title_short | Places of tenderness and heat |
| title_sort | places of tenderness and heat the queer milieu of fin de siecle st petersburg |
| title_sub | the queer milieu of fin-de-siècle St. Petersburg |
| topic | Gay men / Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg / History / 19th century Space / Social aspects / Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg / History / 19th century Space / Political aspects / Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg / History / 19th century Gay men / Legal status, laws, etc / Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg / History / 19th century Homosexuels masculins / Russie / Saint-Pétersbourg / Histoire / 19e siècle Espace / Aspect social / Russie / Saint-Pétersbourg / Histoire / 19e siècle Espace / Aspect politique / Russie / Saint-Pétersbourg / Histoire / 19e siècle Gay men fast Gay men / Legal status, laws, etc fast Homosexueller (DE-588)4025801-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Gay men / Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg / History / 19th century Space / Social aspects / Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg / History / 19th century Space / Political aspects / Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg / History / 19th century Gay men / Legal status, laws, etc / Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg / History / 19th century Homosexuels masculins / Russie / Saint-Pétersbourg / Histoire / 19e siècle Espace / Aspect social / Russie / Saint-Pétersbourg / Histoire / 19e siècle Espace / Aspect politique / Russie / Saint-Pétersbourg / Histoire / 19e siècle Gay men Gay men / Legal status, laws, etc Homosexueller Russia (Federation) / Saint Petersburg Sankt Petersburg |
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