Putin:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Henry Holt and Company
2022
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| Ausgabe: | First US edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | x, 854 Seiten, 24 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Porträts |
| ISBN: | 9781627793667 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents Note on Spelling and Pronunciation i շ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 io ii i2 13 14 15 16 17 18 Prologue Baskov Lane Legal Niceties The Big House Quiet Days in Saxony Back in the USSR The Grey Cardinal The Viewfrom the Neva Moscow Rules The Cap of Monomakh Power Vertical A Bonfire of Illusions The Russian Idea Body Politic Tandemocracy The Straitjacket Tightens Payback Nemtsov, Wild Boar Sausages and the End of Liberalism The Endgame Afterword Acknowledgements Note on Sources Interviews Notes Index ix I 17 55 69 95 124 176 222 241 290 309 364 431 448 495 538 555 612 630 666 673 677 680 689 831
Index Abakumov, Viktor, 76 Abramov, General Ivan, in Abramovich, Roman, 264,333,359, 458 Adianov, Viktor, 105-6 Afghanistan, 375,388,391, 500,502,556,559, 592, 662 Soviet invasion, 108,120,148,171,173,182, 347-8, 544 Russia aids US against Taliban, 365, 373-5,379,381,385, 421, 429,510, 560-61 US forces bog down, withdraw, 589, 648, 654 Africa, 649 Agartanov, Vladimir, 72, 74 in Dresden, 96,100-110 Akhmatova, Anna, 57 Aksyonenko, Nikolai, 267, 275, 278, 291, 451-2, 458 Aksyonov, Sergei, 576-7 Albania, 69, 271, 502՝ Albright, Madeleine, 274, 284, 289-9,464, 479-80 Alekhov, Kolya, 59-61 Alekperov, Vagit, 333 Aleksei II, Patriarch, 310, 441,541 Alkhanov, Alu, 345 al-Assad, Bashar, 555-8 and chemical weapons, 557, 560, 567 backed by Russia in civil war, 588-91, 594-5 al-Qaeda, 279,336,373-4,381-2,388,535, 556,558,588,591 Alyokhina, Maria, 541-2 Ames, Aldrich, 87 Andersson, Carl, 206 Andropov, Yuri, 50-51, 69,77,105-7,117,585 Angleton, James Jesus, 468 Anichkin, Aleksei, 516 Anikin, Aleksandr, 153-4,156 Apartment bombings (1999), 2-14, 279,281, 316-17,374, 601 APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) Auckland (1999), 279 Arafat, Yasser, 365 Arakcheyev, Count Aleksei, 505 Arctic, 649 Armed Forces, 247 bullying, 53, 488-9, 506 as a blunt instrument, 283,340-41, 662 resist reform, 503-5 in Russo-Georgian war (2008), 504,577 attempted transition to professional force, 505-6 in Crimea (2014), 577 in Ukraine (2022), 659, 662 Armenia, 132,140,152 and Nagorno-Karabakh, ni, 231, 247, 391, 593-4 Arms Control, 419, 586,649, 663 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, 366-7,376,385,510, 605,
607, 609 Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE), 285, 419, 421, 605 Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF), 605-7 National Missile Defence (NMD), 301,. 366-8,371,376,385,408,419, 421-2, 427, 429, 507.
832 PUTIN Arms Control, - cant’d. 509, 560-61,567, 604, 609, 664, 666 Nuclear non-proliferation, 421 Open Skies Treaty, 606 START II, 367 Strategic Arms, 280, 372, 560,567, 605-6 Strategic Olfensive Reductions Treaty (SORT), 377,385,421,510 New START, 510, 607, 646 Strategic Stability Dialogue, 648 Arpaio, Joe, 22 Asmus, Ron, 501-2 Aspin, Les, 236 Atta, Mohamed, 381 Attali, Jacques, 159 August 1991 putsch, 236 Aushev, Ruslan, 347 Australia, 382 Austria, gas dispute, 410 Freedom Party, 552 Aven, Pyotr, 154,156,158,194, 220-21, 277, 321, 323, 356 Azerbaijan, 109,135η, 140, 224, 421-2,482 and Nagorno-Karabakh, in, 231, 247, 391, 593-4 Babitsky, Andrei, 299-300, 351 Bach, Thomas, 568 Bachmann, Michele, 22 Baikalfinansgrup, 406 Baker, James, 160,235-8,654 Baker, Peter, 338 Baklanov, Oleg, 143 Baltic States, in, 135η, 138-40,150,152, 224֊5, 229, 231, 429, 605 and NATO, 372, 608, 658 Baluyevsky, General Yuri, 502, 505, 548 Bandera, Stepan, 579, 655 Bank Rossiya, 200, 473 Barak, Ehud, 365 Barannikov, General Viktor, 256 Barayev, Movsar, 337-8 Barroso, José Manuel, 570, 572, 591 Barsukov, Mikhail, 212-13, 217, 256 Basayev, Shamil, 3,13, 276, 278,301,336,340, 342-3,346,349, 374 Bashneft, 617-18 ’Basmanny justice’, 400 Bastrykin, Aleksandr, 56,122 head of Investigative Committee, 543, 547, 549 Baturina, Yelena, 287, 513 Beatles, 48 Beissig, Doris, 98 Beissig, Fritz, 98 Belarus, 387,390, 651 gas dispute, 410 and Eurasian Economic Community, 569 Belkovsky, Stanislav, 360, 474-5 Belyaev, Aleksandr, 24,144,146-8,150,162, 166,171-2,176, 209, 219 and 'food scandal’, 156 Belyaev, Sergei, 169
Belykh, Nikolai, 543 Ben Ali, Zine el-Abidine, 525 Berdyaev, Nikolai, 444-5,552 Berezovsky, Boris 14, 22,194-5, 205, 214, 248-9, 251, 264, 268, 354, 357, 362, 473 relations with Putin, 260-63, 275, 321-4, ЗЗ1-2 and 1999 Duma campaign, 281, 285-7 2000 presidential campaign, 304 and Kursk disaster, 326 cedes control of media companies, 332-3 granted asylum in Britain, 399-400, 402, 642 and Aleksandr Litvinenko, 412-13 Berezovsky, Lena, 262-3 Beria, Lavrenty, 33-4, 76 Berkut [Ukrainian riot police], 573-4 Berlusconi, Silvio, 401 Bershidsky, Leonid, Berzin, Jan, 74-5 Berzins, Indulis, 303 Beyrle, John, 285, 497, 523, 527 Bezrukov, Sergei, 103,108,117-19 Biden, Joe, 370 as Vice-President, 509, 553,571 as President, 645-6, 652 relations start better than expected, 647-9 and Ukraine, 653, 658 Bildt, Carl, 206, 227-8 bin Laden, Osama, 279, 341, 560,592
INDEX bin Salman, Mohamed, 604 Bishop, Tony, 302 Bismarck, Otto von, 630 Björk, 542 Blair, Tony, 299,312,364,367,369,373,376, 398, 400, 464-5 visits St Petersburg (2000), 301-2,304-5, 310, 461, 481 hosts Putin in London (2000 and 2003), 399 . . . and at Gleneagles (2005), 401 visits Moscow (2001,2005), 377-8, 401 and Iraq War, 383, 399 disillusionment with Putin, 400, 401 attends G8 in St Petersburg (2006), 403-4 and Litvinenko murder, 414-16 Blatmann, Roland, 171-2, 231-2, 653 Blinken, Anthony, 645 Blomgren, Jan, 1-2, 8-9 Blotsky, Oleg, 178 BND (Bundesnachrichtendienst), 98,119, 197, 482, 579Ո Bobkov, General Filipp, 120,122 Bobrov, Mikhail, 54 Bocharov Ruchei, 482, 657 Bogdanchikov, Sergei, 358 Boguslavsky, Leonid, 321 Böhm, General Horst, 112,116 Bokassa, Jean-Bedel, 408 Boldyrev, Yuri, 129,147 and 'food scandal’, 156-8 and 1996 city elections, 216, 218 Bolshakov, Aleksei, 244 Bolton, John, 606, 610, 645 Bonner, Yelena, 107 Bordyug, Vadim, 186,190 Bordyuzha, Nikolai, 264, 270 Borisenko, Viktor, 28,35, 39-40, 42, 45, 47-8, 57, 59-60, 68, 74 Borodin, Pavel, 189, 243, 245, 254, 472 and Mabetex scandal, 263, 291, 451 Bortnikov, Aleksandr, 576, 641 Bosnia, 271, 273 Boym, Svetlana, 36 Bragin, Vladimir, 96,106,108,119, 460 Braithwaite, Rodric, 120,149 Brazil, 526 Brenton, Sir Anthony, 400, 401, 464-5 8ՅՅ harassed by Kremlin youth movement, 404-5, 559 Brezhnev, Leonid, 42, 48-50,75,106,135, 291-2, 433, 438, 478, 630, 666 and corruption, 51,109, 450 and détente, 64, 69,366 Bridge, Richard, 120 British Petroleum (BP), 361, 415-16 Browder, Bill, 455, 485,515-16,561 {see also :
Sergei Magnitsky) Browder, Earl, 455 Brown, Gordon, 416 Browne, John, 361 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 394 Buinaksk, 3, 9-12, 279 Bulgakov, Mikhail, 204 Bulgaria, US forward base, 408, 419,429 Burłaka, Colonel-General Andrei, 584 Burns, Bill, 410, 418, 420, 424-7, 477, 488, 502 reflects on US-Russian relations, 428 Bush, George H. W, 142,159, 216, 236, 238, 367,369,371,378 visits Ukraine before Orange Revolution, 394 Bush, George W, 15,368, 420,590,594, 598, 600, 646, 664 Ljubljana summit (2000), 369-71,373,464 September it attacks, 372-3 and National Missile Defence (NMD), 376-7 and NATO enlargement, 378, 425 personal relationship with Putin, 383, 386, 407, 421-2, 426-7,472 freedom agenda, 396-7,429 hosts Putin at Kennebunkport, 421-2 Bucharest summit (2008), 425-6,502 and Russo-Georgian war, 498-9, 501, 558 Byrnes, Shaun, 236 Caligula, Emperor, 539 Calvey, Michael, 621 Campbell, Alastair, 302,312 Cameron, David, 557 Carnegie, Andrew, 662 Carnegie, Dale, 88 Castro, Fidel, 42
PUTIN 834 Ceauşescu, Nikolai, 115 Chaika, Yuri, 486 Charlie Hebdo, caricatures of Mohammed, 613-14 Chebrikov, General Viktor, 75-6,121 Chechnya, 4, 255, 274,301, 442, 482,493,527 Criminal gangs, 182,185 First war, 2, 202, 209,.212-14, 249, 266, 282,301,338 Second war, 3, 7, 9, 275-6, 278, 281-5, 288, 291, 298-300,302,306,313-14, 326, 335-49, 477, 504, 535, 577, 590,592 Western criticisms of, 284-5, 288, 298-9,302, 336,341,364,398, 407 Wahhabite fundamentalism, 301,397 Dubrovka theatre siege, 336-40,347-9, 351,384, 403, 483 Chechenisation policy, 335,340-44 Beslan massacre, 345-9, 351-3,384-5,400, 483,552 link to September 11 hijackers, 374-5 Russian accusations of Western meddling, 383-4 Chechens and Boston marathon, 567 (seealso: Dagestan) Cheka, 18, 51, 74-6,103,149,459 (see aho: KGB) Chekhov, Anton, 35, 46 Chemezov, Sergei, 96, toi, 112-13, 245 Cheney, Dick, 235-6,371,381, 429 denounces Putin's policies, 410-11, 417 and Georgia, 497 Cherkashin, Dmitry, 203, 229, 244 Cherkesov, Viktor, 258, 458, 486-7, 490 Chernenko, Konstantin, 106 Chernobyl, 112 Chernomyrdin, Viktor, 260, 267 as Prime Minister, 212, 215,243-4, 253, 266 and Gazprom, 253, 455 Cheryomushkin, Vladimir, 59-61, 537 Chevron, 359 Chiesa, Giulietto, 2, 6, 8 China, 334,367, 419, 429, 486, 526,567, 666-7 internet censorship, 530-31 as Russia’s strategic ally, 610-11, 649, 654-5, 660 focus of rivalry with US, 15, 611, 649, 653, 667 Chirac, Jacques, 141,167, 213, 284, 398-9, 401 Chizova, Tamara, 24-5 Chubais, Anatoly, 175, 233, 260, 266-8,333, 434, 458 and Sobchak, 121,137,168-70, 211, 250 and shock therapy, 210-11,
233 and 1996 election, 213-14 and Putin, 243-4, 246-7, 253, 258, 277, 307 and Oneksimbank scandal, 248-9, 251, 268-9 Chuikin, Vladimir, 228 Churchill, Sir Winston, 16, 419, 437, 439 Churov, Vladimir, 225 Chairman of Election Commission, 532, 535 Clark, General Wesley, 273 Clinton, Bill, 160,180, 213, 220, 267, 274, 296, 308,369,375,378, 664 and NATO enlargement, 236-9, 271, 662 and National Missile Defence (NMD), 301,366-8,376, 666 and Putin, 324,364-8, 388 (Auckland, 1999), 279-80, 285, 287, 294 (Oslo, 1999), 13, 284-5, 374 Clinton, Hillary, 31 as Secretary of State, 509,595 and Putin, 522-3,534-5, 596 presidential campaign, 596-8, 600, 603 Cohen, Stephen, 603 Collins, Jim, 293,313,383 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), 152, 261, 386-7, 409, 423, 469, 482, 569 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 526 Congress of People’s Deputies (Russian), 135,171-2, 266 Congress of People's Deputies (Soviet), П2,119-20,128,133, 219 Constitution, (1993), 172,174, 662 (1996), 2, 220 amended in 2008, 514 amended in 2020, 633-7 Cook, Robin, 299
INDEX Corruption, 49,51,109,183-4,195-6, 407 at St Petersburg Mayor's Office, 190-93 in Russian administration, 358, 449-52, 454, 472-Յ, 621-2 among petty officials, 453, 622-3 ‘Three Whales' case, 485-7, 490 denounced by Navalny, 531 (see also: Sergei Magnitsky) Council of Europe, election monitors, 493 Covid-19, 635, 637, 641, 650-51, 656, 667 Crime, In the USSR, 24, 40, 56, 62-3,124-5, 181,211 in the 1990S, 4,144,148,182-3,185, 225, 236-7, 248 relations with legitimate business, 181-5, 187-8,197-8 and St Petersburg Mayor's Office, 185, 187,190,196-8,483 Tambovsky Gang, 182,185-7,191,197, 265, 285, 450, 484 after 2000, 338, 448, 485 relationship between organised crime and government, 449-50, 513,577 Crimea, see Ukraine Croatia, 502 Cuba, 365-6 1962 missile crisis, 42,102, 274, 422, 609 Cyprus, 502, 582 Czech Republic (and Czechoslovakia), 835 Demenkov, Mikhail, 48 Denikin, General Anton, 435, 445 Denmark, 341 Depardieu, Gérard, 519 Deripaska, Oleg, 183,333, 458,475,517-18 Deutsche Bank, 248, 405 Dinkenspiel, Ulf, 206 Dissidents, 50-51, 69 Putin and, 72-3,107, 463, 566 Dobrodeyev, Oleg, 326 Dobbins, James, 597-8 Doctors' Plot, 34,76 Donbas, 584. 594, 647, 649, 656 (see also: Donetsk, Luhansk) Donetsk, 582-4,587, 655 and Yanukovych, 395,575 Dorenko, Sergei, 287,322-3,332 Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 40, 46,330, 434, 445 Douthat, Ross, 602-3 Dozhd (TV), 547, 644 forced to close, 659 Dubai, see United Arab Emirates Dubov, Yuli, 195 Dudayev, Dzhokhar, 301 Dugin, Aleksandr, 533 Dumas, Alexandre, 48 Durytska, Anna, 612 Dzerzhinsky, Feliks, 74,149 Dzhikop, 153,156 Dadayev, Zaur, 613-15
Dagestan, Wahhabite fundamentalism, 3-4, 9, 276 military campaign, 278-9, 293 (see also: Chechnya) European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), 126,159, 161,163,168,195, 208 Economy, 126,133, 625, 661, 666 under Gorbachev, 124,150 shock therapy’, 151-2,154--5,159,171, 210-11, 232-3,354, 662-3 demographic decline, 201, 266,364,448, 506,508, 551, 632 1998 default, 259-60, 355 under Putin, 294,364, 411-12,428, 442, Daniel, Yuli, 49-50 Davydov, Ivan, 650 Dearlove, Sir Richard, 10,302,378-9,401 Debaltsevo, 587 Delimkhanov, Adam, 614 Delon, Alain, 519 Delors, Jacques, 150 448-9, 455, 469, 471 effects of Yukos affair, 361-2,405 growing inequalities, 444 and 'resource curse', 472 and Great Recession, 507-8, 623 growth stalls after 2008, 508, 642-3, 661 (see also: Oligarchs) too, 114-15,1З2,160 Prague Spring, 50, 56,140, and NATO, 236, 271, 421-2, 509 and NMD, 421-2,509
836 PUTIN Egypt, 525,589 Ekho Moskvy, 325,331, 407 criticises regime, 331, 344,527, 615, 644 forced to dose, 659 Elections (Duma, 1993), 211 (Duma, 1995), 213 ■ (Presidential, 1996), 213, 217, 219-21, 305,307 (Duma, 1999), 7,14, 281, 285-7, 3°7 (Presidential, 2000), 14, 281, 291, 297, 304-7 (Duma, 2003), 465-6, 468 (Presidential, 2004), 466-9 (Duma, 2007), 491-3 (Presidential, 2008), 493 (Duma, 2011), 529, 531-2 (Presidential, 2012), 535-7 (Duma, 2016), 624 (Presidential, 2018), 628-9 (Duma, 2021), 649 Elia, Heikki, 198 Empress Catherine II [The Great], 311 Equatorial Guinea, 602 Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip, 591-4 Estonia, 30, 44,132,189,193, 203, 251, 597 Independence, 113,138-9, 224-6, 229 Russian diaspora, 226-7,391 Narva Autonomy Campaign, 180, 227-8 and NATO, 378, 658 Eurasian Economic Community, 390,569 Eurasianism, 445-6, 533 European Union, 232, 235, 239,380,386, 412,500 common spaces, 401 EU-Russia summit (Helsinki, 1999), 283 (Brussels, 2002), 341 (London, 2005), 402 and Russian gas supplies, 410-11,646-7,659 and United States, 446, 569-70, 599 and Ukraine, 569-73, 581, 585-7, 649 Evans, John, 185-6 Exceptionalism (American), 15, 429, 559, 589, 665 (Russian), 15, 429, 552 Fabritsky, Veniamin, 207 Felshtinsky, Yuri, 22 Filippov, Dmitry, 187 Filippov, Pyotr, 129,133 Finland, 186, 228, 234,310-12,372, 521 (see also: Turku) Fonda, Jane, 202 Ford, Henry, 662 Foreign Agent designation, 540, 638, 643-4 Fox, Samantha, 210 Fradkov, Mikhail, 468-70, 473, 488, 490-91, 515 France, 141,150-52,160, 204, 213, 252-3, 270, ЗЗІ, 398, 401, 412, 423, 436, 542, 554, 557, 592, 595 and NATO,
236, 424-6,378, 608 and Chechnya, 288, 299,302 and Iraq War, 382,399, 569 and gas dispute, 410 and Georgia, 424-6, 500-501 and Libya, 526,589 National Front, 552 and Syria, 555,557,589 and Ukraine, 424-6, 571,574, 583, 649 and Navalny, 639 Fridman, Mikhail, 362,517 Fried, Dan, 405 Frolov, Colonel Mikhail, 90 FSB, 212, 265, 278,320,392, 459, 466-7, 486, 540 under Yeltsin, 256-9, 262-3, 267, 269-70 URPO, 260-61 and 1999 apartment bombings 4-14, 22,316 and MI6, 10, 302, 402 and Chechnya, 335-6 Dubrovka and Beslan, 339, 347,349,351 and Yukos, 357,359,361 exchanges intelligence with CIA, 365, 379,385 and murder of Litvinenko, 413-14 cybersecurity department, 596-7 APT29 (Cozy Bear) hacking group, 597 and arrest of Ulyukayev, 618-19 and Navalny, 639-41 (see also: FSK.) FSK, 180,189,191 Fulbright, Senator William, 280 Fursenko, Andrei, 200
837 INDEX Fursenko, Sergei, 200 and EU, 500-501, 506-7 Fyodorov, Boris, 126,163,168 and NATO, 423-5, 427-8, and Gazprom, 455-7 G7/G8, 159,232,271,385,599,610 Gleneagles (2005), 401-2 497-8,502 Russo-Georgian War (2008), 495-503, 568, 582, 597, 663 as warning to Ukraine, 571 St Petersburg (2006), 403-4 Geremeyev, Ruslan, 615 Heiligendamm (2007), 421 Geremeyev, Suleiman, 614-15 Lough Erne (2013), 557 Germany, 15,161,190-91, 202, 207, 239, 313, Russia expelled, 581 G20, London (2009), 510 St Petersburg (2013), 557-8, 566 Brisbane (2014), 585 Gaddafi, Muammar, 525-6, 528 317, 337, 355, 398, 4°i, 407, 412, 414, 416, 421, 423, 452, 482, 484, 523, 545, 630 and World War II, 19, 24, 28-33,5L 65, 392, 434, 436, 439-40, 500, 554, 579Ո, 664, 667 Gaidar, Yegor, 151,154,170-1,173, 233 and Sobchak, 141,150 Galeotti, Mark, 450 Gantserov, Dmitry, 66-8 and Putin, 38, 48, 53, 87-9, 91-3, 95-119, Gates, Robert, 238, 419 Gazprom, 248, 253, 471, 485, 617 and Putin’s family, 164-7,180, 243,245, and NTV, 319-20,326,333, 349 and Leningrad/St Petersburg, 151,155, and Yukos, 405-6 196-7 economic relations, 213, 234,463-4, 478, proposed merger with Rosneft, 405 gas wars, 409-11 126,177,193,199, 201, 203 249, 258, 262 508, 622, 646-7, 659 Putin takes control, 455-7, 471, 473-4 gas agreement with Ukraine, 521 and NATO, 235, 237, 239,378, 424-6, and Turkey, 593 and Chechnya, 284, 288 Gelendzhik (‘Putin’s Palace’), 474, 531, 642-3 608, 659 and Iraq war, 382, 399, 569 and Libya, 526 Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 545 and Syria, 555, Georgia, 22,113,132,135η, 140,152, 224, and Ukraine, 570-71,574, 649 387-8
Abkhazia, 231,387-91, 417, 423, 425-6, 495-6, 498 Russia recognises independence, 501-2,568 and Navalny, 639, 641-2 Gershman, Carl, 572 Gessen, Masha, 194 Gevorkyan, Natalya, 195 Gidaspov, Boris, 121,144 Adjara, 389-90 Gingrich, Newt, 22 South Ossetia, 231,387-91, 417-18, 423, Glasnost, 106, no-112 426, 495, 501, 558 war breaks out, 496-9, 663 Russia recognises independence, 501-2, 568 Glasser, Susan, 338 Glinka, Mikhail, 432-3 Gogol, Nikolai, 40 Golovko, Vasily, 126-7,164 presence of Russian troops, 285,390, Golts, Aleksandr, 11,14 417, 419 and Chechen insurgents, 388-90 Golubev, Valery, 192 Rose revolution, 388-9,397, 402 Golushko, Nikolai, 256 and United States, 389, 411,417, 445, Gonzales, Elián, 317 495-7, 499,5θ6, 558, 654, 663 Golunov, Ivan, 645 Goodman, Andrew, 234-5
8з8 PUTIN Goodwill Games (St Petersburg, 1994), 180, 202, 545 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 74,134-5, 151, i59, շւ6, 225, 292,326, з66,380,388, 4II, 438, 453, 605, 665 baptism, 371 and perestroika, 106-15,181,301 and NATO enlargement, 235-6, 238-9 becomes President, 128 and August 1991 putsch, 142-3, 145,148-9 and break-up of Soviet Union, 139-42, 149,152, 223,386, 471 resignation, 152-3 in retirement, 333, 533 Gorbachev, Raisa, 216 Gore, Al, 161, 234,302,368 Gorokhova, Yelena, 43 Gosnell, Jack, 151,165,185 Grachev, General Pavel, 173, 212, 247 Greece, 274,502,588 Greenpeace, activists freed, 545 Gref, German, 197, 286, 291, 293,358, 458,462 Gromov, Aleksei, 356 GRU [Military Intelligence], 96,162, 269, 505, 594 assassinates Yandarbiyev, 343, 416 APT28 (Fancy Bear) hacking group, 597 attempts to murder Skripal, 603-4, 620 Gryaznova, Yelena, 48 Guigou, Elizabeth, 167 Gunvor, 473-4 Gurevich, Vera Dmitrievna, 38, 40, 47-8, 54,70,162, 538 Gusinsky, Vladimir, 214, 248-9, 268,316-20, 32.6, 332, 349, 354, 357, 362, 364 Guy, John, 239 Hadley, Steve, 425-8, 499, 654 Hahnemann, 'Big Helga', too Halonen, Tarja, 521-2 Halter, Marek, 167 Havel, Václav, 236 Hay, Dame Barbara, 150,161,163,168 Hayden, General Michael, 600 Hayward, Tony, 416 Heusgen, Christoph, 477-8,570 Hezbollah, 589 Hill, Fiona, 93 Hirdman, Sven, 464-5 Hitler, Adolf, 443,579, 603 war with Russia, 29, 65, 436, 439, 581, 663 and Sudetenland, 596 Hober, Kaj, 64 Hofstadter, Richard, 14 Hollande, François, 557, 595 and Ukraine, 583,586-7 Honecker, Erich, 105, no, 113-14 Hu Jintao, 498 Hungary, 37, in, 113-15,132,160, and NATO, 271
illiberal democracy, 466 Fidesz and Jobbik parties, 552 Huntington, Samuel, 442 Hussein, Saddam, 365, 381-3, 399, 498-9, 590, 595, 498-9, 501, 590, 595 overthrown, 501, 525, 528 Illarionov, Andrei, 154, 259-60,313-15, 448-9, 462, 476, 514-15 resigns, 473 Ilyin, Ivan, 443-5, 552 Ilyumzhinov, Kirsan, 513 Ilyushin, Viktor, 217 India, 419, 526, 610 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 232 International Space Station, cooperation with Russia, 560, 581 Inter-Regional Deputies’ Group, 120, ւշ8,135 Ioffe, Olimpiad, 65 Iran, 15, 280,365-6,381, 421-2, 483, 567, 589, 609 nuclear programme, 510, 560-61 Iraq, 15, 365-6, 373, 380-83, 385, 397, 42°, 4շ9, 499-500, 503, 529, 581, 588-9, 594, 662 ISIS (Islamic State, Daesh), 588-92, 594-5 Israel, 65, 249,361, 483, 588, 590 Intifada, 340,365 Italy, 42, 401,410, 412, 496, 649 and NATO, 236, 525-6 Ivankov, Vyacheslav (’Yaponchik’), 181 Ivanov, Igor, 267, 274,365, 478 Ivanov, Sergei, 86, 258, 538, 576, 635
INDEX Secretary, Security Council, 291,378 Defence Minister, 330,343, 469, 488-9, 504-5 First deputy Prime Minister, 490 competes with Dmitry Medvedev to succeed Putin, 488, 490-91 Ivanov, Viktor, 180, 355,361,442 Deputy Head, Presidential Administration, 291, 458,505 Ivashov, General Leonid, 273 Jabhat al֊Nusra, 556, 591 Jackson, General Mike, 272-3 Japan, 380, 463, 664 Jiang Zemin, 367 Johnson, Boris, 15, 652 Jordan, 588 Jordan, Boris, 349-50 Jospin, Lionel, 398 Judo, 38, 40, 59, 61,182, 617 ՛ Julien, Marlène, 204 Kabayeva, Alina, 481, 650 Kachalova, Diana, 311-12 Kadyrov, Ahmad, 301,335 acting President of Chechnya, 342 elected, then assassinated, 344-5 Kadyroy Ramzan, 342, 493, 583, 650 appointed Chechen first deputy Prime Minister, 345 and murder of Anna Politkovskaya, 484-5 and murder of Boris Nemtsov, 613-17,620 protected by Putin, 485, 615, 625 persecutes homosexuals, imposes sharia law, 616 Kaganovich, Lazar, 37 Kalela, Jaakko, 1Ճ2-3,312-13 Kalinin, Colonel, 96-7,106 Kaliningrad, 81-2, 97,145,178,306,311 and NATO encirclement, 271, 509 Kalugin, Oleg, 29,50, 80,104,131 Kalyuzhny, Viktor, 451 Kanõjigorõ, 60 Karasev, General Feliks, 86,108 Karimov, Islam, 390 Kartofelnikov, Aleksei, 4-5 Kasparov, Garry, 530 839 Kasyanov, Mikhail, 291,307,314, 616 and Khodorkovsky affair, 357-8 as Prime Minister, 451-2, 458-9,462, 470-71, 549 dismissed, 467-9 at protest demonstrations, 533 Katyn, 134 Kazakov, Aleksandr, 253 Kazakhstan, in, 142·, 231,301, 651 and Eurasian Economic Community, 390,569 Kazantsey General Viktor, 338 Kelly, Megyn, 604 Kelton, Mark, to Kemal Ataturk, 592
Kendall, Bridget, 315, 318 Kennedy, John, 42 Kennan, George, 236 Kerensky, Aleksandr, 173 Kerry, John, 580,595 Ketchum Inc., 412, 497 KGB, 4,12,18, 29-30, 33,120,137,176-9, 259, 292,370, 459 Fifth Directorate, 51,116,177, 478 Red Banner Institute, 86-91, 96,104 and August 1991 putsch, 142, 144,148-9 (see also: Cheka, NKVD, and Putin [in the KGB]) Khakamada, Irina, 337 Kharchenko, Oleg, 197 Kharchenko, Viktor, 191,204, 217 Khasbulatov, Ruslan, 171-4, 228 Khashoggi, Jamal, 604 Khattab, 13,336,374 Khizha, Georgy, 152,154,169-70,175, 296 Khmarin, Viktor, 55-6, 76, 81 Khmarina, Lyudmila, 76, 8o֊8i Khodorkovsky, Mikhail, 321,354, 458,554, 634, 642 Open Russia Foundation, 355 political aims, 355-7, 359 accuses Sechin of taking kickbacks, 358, 473 plans for China pipeline, 359 arrest and imprisonment, 361-2, 405,407, 470, 477,516,543, 617, 643 pardoned, 545, 568 (see also: Yukos)
8до PUTIN Khokholkov, General Yevgeny, 260-61 Kholmanskikh, Igor, 538-9 Khramtsov, Vice Admiral Viktor, 144 Khristenko, Viktor, acting Prime Minister, 467 Khrulyov, General Anatoly, 504 Khrushchev, Nikita, 34,38, 41, 63,146,302, 438, 664, 666 denounces Stalin, 36-7,51 and Cuban Missile crisis, 42, 274, 609 and Crimea, 230,575, 579 dismissed, 42-3, 49-50,146 Khryshtanovskaya, Olga, 353 Kim Jong-Il, 365 King Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden, 463-4 King, Larry, 330 Kirill, Patriarch, 541-2,550 Kiriyenko, Sergei, 253, 257-9, 267, 269, 287, 292 Kirosheyev, Pyotr, 191 Kirov, Sergei, 134, 483 Kiselyov, Yevgeny, 316,333,350 Kissinger, Henry, 160,355,394 Kitt, Eartha, 550 Klebanov, Ilya, 326-7, 331 Klyuchevsky, Vasily, 445, 553 Kobzon, Iosif, 338,393 Kohl, Helmut, 115,119,161, 235, 267, 398, 630 Koivisto, Mauno, 228 Kokh, Alfred, 121,157,169, 209,306,319 Kolesnikov, Andrei (Kommersant), 329 Korea, North, 15, 365-6,381,421-2, 463, 509, 561, 609 Korea, South, 463,585 Korzhakov, Aleksandr, 212-14, 216, 250, 256 Koshmarov-Trubetskoi, Aleksei, 216, 218-19 Kosovo, 271-4, 288,301-2, 408, 417, 423, 579-80, 607, 655, 663 and Georgian War, 495, 501-2 as precedent for annexation of Crimea, 579-80, 607 Kovalchuk, Yuri, 200, 473 Kovalyov, Nikolai, 256-8, 260 Kovtun, Dmitry, 414 Kozak, Dmitry, 241, 292 Head, Prime Minister’s Office, 291 and Ukraine, 647 Kozhukov, Mikhail, 296 Kozyrev, Andrei, 234, 238, 280 Kramarev, Arkady, 145-6,148 Krasnyansky, Valery, 184 Kravchuk, Leonid, 115 Krenz, Egon, 114-15 Krupskaya, Nadezhda, 23, 27, 66 Kryuchkov, Vladimir, 142-3, i47, 149,178 Kuchma, Leonid, 228,
387,391-2,396 Kudrin, Aleksei, 175,196, 215, 218-19, 244, 254, 291, 635 first deputy Finance Minister, 246, 259-60 Finance Minister, 448-9, 458, 469,549 at protest demonstration, 533 Kukly, 317 Kulikov, Anatoly, 213, 217 Kulkov, Colonel Aleksandr, 89, 92,101,106 Kumarin, Vladimir, 185,187-8,197, 484 Kunayev, Dinmukhamed, in Kurds, 556,589 Kurkov, Anatoly, 144,148 Kurkova, Bella, 133 Kuroyedov, Admiral Vladimir, 324,327-8 Kursk disaster, 324-31,348 Kvashnin, General Anatoly, 272, 278, 283, 462 Kyrgyzstyan, 374 Tulip Revolution, 397 Laar, Mart, 138 Lake, Anthony, 236 Larsson, Stieg, 600-601 Latvia, 45, 88,139,451 and NATO, 239,302,378 Russian diaspora, 391, 408 Latynina, Yulia, 584 Lavrov, Sergei, 404, 428, 499,502,509, 526, 564, 592, 658 Lebanon, 588, 592 Lebed, General Aleksandr, 7, 253-4 Lebedev, Platon, 360-61,516 Lenchen (KGB Dresden secretary), 97-8 Lenin, Vladimir, 18, 23, 27,36-7, 42, 63-4, 5°, 55, 63, 66, 69,125, 233, 236, 433, 444,636
84i INDEX mausoleum, 120, 222, 235, 434-5 splitting the Russian Empire, 223, 231, 627 Leningrad siege of, 29-32 ’Leningrad Affair, 33, 76 Free Enterprise Zone, 137-8,160 renamed St Petersburg, 141 1991-1992 food crisis, 150-51,154-5 Economic expansion, 159-60 (see also: St Petersburg) Lenkov, Dmitry, 140 Lensoviet, 128-35,140-41,144,146-8, 150, 208 (see also: Petrosoviet and ZakSobranie) Leontief, Wassily, 210 Leppä, Juhani, 149,167-8,198 Leshchev, Colonel Yuri, 89,101,103 Lesin, Mikhail, 316, 319,35°, 641 Libya, 525-9, 555-6, 558-9,585,589, 607, 663 Libby, Irve Lewis ‘Scooter, 235,371 Ligachev, Yegor, 108,121 Limonov, Eduard, 533 Lincoln, Abraham, 444 Linkov, Ruslan, 135 Lippert, Wolfgang, too Lipponen, Osmo, 242 Lisitsyn, Anatoly, 470 Lithuania, 142,145, 410, 572, 577 Independence movement, 139-40 and Russian gas supply, 410 and Ukraine, 577 Litvinenko, Aleksandr, 14, 260-62 supports Chechen cause, 412, 415 claims Putin is a paedophile, 415 murder, 412-17, 485, 534, 620, 640-41 Litvinovich, Marina, 325-6 Livanov, Dmitry, 564 Lollobrigida, Gina, 209 Loskutov, Vladimir, 487 Luch, 112-13 Lugar, Richard, 384 Lugovoi, Andrei, 413-14, 614 Luhansk, 395, 583-4,586-7, 655 Lukashenko, Aleksandr, 2,387, 411, 651 Lukin, Vladimir, 379-80,564 Lukyanov, Anatoly, 128,142-3 Lukyanov, Fyodor, 650 Lund, Douglas, 518 Lurye, Lev, 24, 73 Luzhkov, Yuri, 275, 287, 296,307,393, 470, 490 opposes Yeltsin, 2, 8, 210, 250, 257, 268 supports Crimean independence, 230 fired by Medvedev, 513-15,525 bans Gay Pride parades, 550 Lyra, Markus, 262, 270 Macron, Emmanuel, 15, 595, 639-40 Madonna, 542, 550
Magnitsky, Sergei, 515-17, 641 US Magnitsky Act, 561-5, 607 Major, John, 235 Makarov, General Nikolai, 506 Makashov, Albert, 265-6 Makhachkala, 12 Malaysia, 460, 584-5 Malenkov, Georgy, 33-4,37 Mali, 558,592 Malta, 590 Malyshev, Valery, 216 Malyshev, Vladimir, 182,185 Mandela, Nelson, 642 Manevich, Mikhail, 169, 218, 241 Mansky, Vitaly, 315, 318,327,355-6 Marx, Karl, 50, 56, 627 Maskhadov, Aslan, 276, 284,301,336,341, 343, 349,384 Matveyev, Colonel Lazar, 92, 96-8, tot, 104-8,112,116,122 Matlock, Jack, 142,151,236,603 Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 318 McCain, Senator John, 15, 93, 370,394, 420, 508 McCarthy, Senator Joe, 602 McCartney, Paul, 542 McDougal, Jim, 280 McFaul, Michael, 370, 523, 559, 602 McIntosh, Sir Ronald, 571 Media restrictions, 259,300, 316-20, 331-5, 349-52, Յ62-Յ, 407, 447, 530-31, 547, 624, 638, 645, 659-60
842. PUTIN Medvedev, Dmitry, Miller, Aleksei, 202,457-8, 617 adviser to Sobchak, 135-7,196 Mirilashvili, Misha, 197, 250 deputy head, Presidential Mironov, Sergei, 537 Administration, 291,307, 458-9 Chairman of Gazprom, 455-6 Mishustin, Mikhail, appointed Prime Minister, 635 First deputy Prime Minister, 488-9 Mitina, Viktoria, 253-4 rivalry with Sergei Ivanov to succeed Mitterrand, François, 235 Putin, 488-91 as President, 518,546-8, 556 Mobutu, Sese Seko, 475 Modrow, Hans, 105,115-16,119 relations with Putin, 493-4, 511-12, Mogilevich, Semyon, 521 514-15,521-2,527-8,530,535, 652 and Russo-Georgian war, 498, 500-501, Molander, Johan, 463-4 508-9 military reform, 505,512 Molotov, Vyacheslav, 37 and United States, 508-12, 522,553,561, Morozov, Pavel, 43 604, 607 Molchanov, Yuri, 127 Morell, Michael, 475-6 Moussaoui, Zacarias, 374-5 tightens control over regions, 512-14 clips wings of Igor Sechin, 514 Mubarak, Hosni, 525, 528 his liberalism an illusion, 515-17,529-30 Murov, Yevgeny, 486-7, 617 detested by siloviki, 527 Mussorgsky, Modest, 46 possibility of second term, 514, 520, Muti, Ornella, 519 523-4 and Arab Spring, 525-7,555-6,585 Mutko, Vitaly, 621 agrees to become Putin’s Prime Myanmar, 616 Minister, 528-9 proposes Putin's candidacy, 529-30 Mylnikov, Boris, 92, 96,104,107 fails to tackle corruption, 531 Nagorno-Karabakh, in, 231, 247, as Prime Minister, 619, 631 sidelined politically, 548-9 corruption allegations, 621-2 and pension reform, 632 resigns, 635 Meduza.ru, 644 Memorial, 644 Meri, Lennart, 228-9 Merkel, Angela, 401, 464, 506-7, 545, 565, 595,616,657 ‘dog
incident’, 477-8 at Bucharest summit, 425-6, 608 and Ukraine, 570-72, 577,586-7 Merkuriev, Stanislav, 135 Meyerhold, Vsevolod, 624 Michnik, Adam, 432 Middle East, 649 Mielke, Erich, по-ш Mikhalkov, Nikita, 443 Mikhalkov, Sergei, 433, 443 Miloševič, Slobodan, 272, 288,365,502, 598 Mullah Omar, 341 Myachin, Viktor, 200 391, 594 Napoleon (Bonaparte), 310,536, 554, 663 Narusova, Lyudmila (m. Sobchak), 130, 133,188, 201, 207-8,306 and Duma election, 215 and St Petersburg city election, 216-18 and Sobchak’s arrest, 251-2 Naryshkin, Sergei, 493,525 Nashi [Kremlin youth movement], 404,559 NATO, 102, 271, 301-2, 377-9, 383, 408, 421-3, 536, 569-70, 572·, 580-1, 591-2, 594, 599, 605, 648, 657-8 Enlargement, 235-9, 271, 274,301,362, 365, 371-2, 377-8, 385, 397, 419, 424-9, 497-8, 502, 510, 560, 570-72, 579, 582, 587, 607-10, 652-6, 658, 662—4 in Yugoslavia, 271-4, 288, 295, 301, 423,502
INDEX NATO-Russia Council, 378,385, 581, 595 Bucharest summit (2008), 425-6, 502, 507, 568, 571, 608 in Libya, 526-8 and Donald Trump, 599 Navalny, Aleksei, 532-3, 536, 554, 643 expelled by Yabloko, 532 dubs United Russia the ‘party of crooks and thieves’, 531, 535 organises protests, 532-4, 628 and KirovLes case, 543, 628, 643 in Moscow City elections (2013), 544 excluded from subsequent elections, 624, 628-9 and Yves Rocher case, 546, 643 as Putin’s bête noire, 543, 546, 639-40, 657 and Anti-Corruption Foundation, 621-2, 638, 644 and 'smart voting’, 638, 643, 649 attempted murder, 638-42 (draws minimal response from the West), 641, 646 imprisonment and hunger strike, 643 Navalny, Oleg, 546 Nazarbayev, Nursultan, 390, 651 Nazdratenko, Yevgeny, 451, 472 'Near Abroad’, 229-32, 235, 386-97 Nechayev, Andrei, 154 Nemtsov, Boris, 246-9, 251, 267, 269, 296, 326,530 alleged conspiracy to unseat Putin, 468, 549 at protest demonstrations, 533,546 murdered, 612-15, 617, 620, 641 Nevala, Seppo, 262 Nevzlin, Leonid, 360-61 Nevzorov, Aleksandr, 134 Nicholson, Jack, 443 Nikiforova, Natalya, 214, 269 Nikolayey Sasha, 72 Nixon, Richard, 160,366, 657, 666 Niyazov, Saparmurat (Turkmenbashi), 390-1, 651 NKVD, 30,37, 68, 74-6,118,134, 437, 624 (see also: KGB) Norway 13, 284,311 and Kursk disaster, 324,326,328 843 Nosyrev, General Danni, 69-70, 73 Novichok, used against Skripal, 603-4 against Navalny, 639 Novo-Ogaryovo, 377, 441,522, 657 Novy mir, 37, no, 128 NTV, 5,326 as an independent channel, 214, 221, 248 brought under state control, 316-20,333, 349-50, 535 Nuland, Victoria, 571-2, 645
Obama, Barack, 21-2, 502, 599, 601, 646 and Medvedev, 508-12,517,521-2, 524, 527,553,561, 604, 607 agreement with Russia on Iran, 510 and Putin, 511,555,560-61,566-7,589 uncertain who has power in the ‘tandem’, 511-12,515,522 and NATO operation in Libya, 526, 529, 589 dismisses Russia as ‘regional power’, 580,596, 648 and Syria, 555-9,588-90, 594 and Ukraine, 571, 577, 580-81 and 2016 election, 596-7 and reciprocal expulsions of diplomats, 603 Obolensky, Princess Aleksandra, 23 OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development), 581 Ogonyok, no, 128, 246 Okhrana, 101 Okudzhava, Bulat, 48 Oligarchs, 352, 400, 429,545, 622 under Yeltsin, 194, 214, 248-9, 259, 268-9, 277, 281, 286, 662 Putin brings to heel, 316,319-23,333, 353-62, 448, 470 a new class of magnates, 473-5 Olsson, Hans, 306 Olympic Games Beijing (2008), 495, 498-9,545 Moscow (1980), 544 Sochi (2014), 543-5, 566, 568, 574,576 drugs scandal, 621 Oneksimbank, 248-9, 253
844 PUTIN Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), 227-8, 237, 419, 534, 583 Election monitors (in Russia), 394, 466,537 (in Ukraine), 394, 466 Observers in Georgia, 496-7 Orwell, George, no Owen, Sir Robert, 415 Pakhomov, Anatoly, 155-6,158 Pakistan, 374, 560, 592 Palin, Sarah, 22 Palmerston, Lord, 667 Pamfilova, Yelena, 310 Panama Papers, 475-6 Parties, Communist (Soviet) 1,18,34, 42-3, 50, 120,139,149,179, 209, 245, 253-4, 260, 437 Komsomol, 41, 46, 49, 51, 56, 76,122,125, 133,137,182 Leningrad regional committee, 19,55, 133,144,161,212 Communist (Russian), 211, 286, 292,356, 378, 466, 469, 492, 530-31, 629 - denounces monetisation of social benefits, 470 ֊ abstains on 2020 constitutional amendments, 636 Drugaya Rossiya [Other Russia], 530 Just Russia, 492-3, 531-2, 537 Liberal Democratic, 211, 265-6, 292,307, 378, 466, 492, 530-31 Luzhkov-Primakov bloc [Fatherland-All Russia], 2, 7, 286, 292,316,332,356 Nash Dom Rossiya [Our Home is Russia], 215, 243 Rodina [Motherland], 466 Solidarnost, 530 Union of Right Forces [Right Cause], 287, 292,338,356, 493, 530 United Russia, 356, 465-6, 492-4,529, 531-2,535 Yabloko, 263, 266-7, 286, 292,307,338, 356, 493 Yedinstvo [Unity], 281, 285-7, 292,323, 356 Pasternak, Boris, no Patrushev, Nikolai, 258, 269, 293, 320,355, 361, 401, 442, 458, 635 and apartment bombings, 4, 6,11-12 Head of Main Control Directorate, 255 FSB Director, 278,332,346, 468, 486-7 and September 11 attacks, 372-3 view of the West, 384, 429, 610 and Litvinenko's murder, 415 Secretary of the Security Council, 576, 614 Pavlov, Valentin, 142-3
Pavlov, Valery, 122,133,136-7,162, 355 Pavlovsky, Gleb, 11,121, 252, 258, 266-7, 273, 275, 29°, 307, 44θ-4ΐ, 462 and 1999 Duma election, 281-3, 285-6, 296-7 and media, 318 and Kursk disaster, 324 and 2003 Ukraine election, 393 and Medvedev's campaign for a second term, 524,527,549 fired by Putin, 548 Peipus (Lake), 30,193 Perestroika, 106,109-12,139,149,159, 231, 235, 354, 440, 553 Perry, William, 236 Persson, Göran, 464-5 Pertsev, Andrei, 644 Peskov, Dmitry, 639-40 Petrosoviet, 156,168,170-72,174,176, 191, 209 (see also: Lensoviet and ZakSobranie) Petrov, Boris, 146 Petrov, Gennady, 188 Philotheus, 626 Pichugin, Aleksei, 360-61 Pickering, Tom, 165, 234-5 Pierpoint Morgan, John, 662 Pietsch, Irene, 203, 244, 247, 249, 258 Piguzov, Vladimir, 87 Pinochet, General Augusto, 397 Pipes, Richard, 236 Podesta, John, 597 Pokhrovsky, Sergei, 162,194 Politkovskaya, Anna, 338,351, 484-5, 534, 613, 617, 640-41 Poland, 37, in, 113,115,132,134,160, 500, 577, 662
INDEX and NATO, 271, 425, 509, 604, 658 and Iraq War, 382 and Russian gas, 410 and NMD, 422, 507,604 illiberal democracy, 466 and Ukraine, 574, 577 Polokhov, Leonid, 128 Pominovo, 18, 20 Pope, Edmond, 368-9 Popov, Gavriil, 139,141-3, 210 Popov, Admiral Vyacheslav, 331 Poroshenko, Petr, 583, 586-7, 597, 652 Potanin, Vladimir, 248 Potapenko, Dmitry, 183 Potemkin, Prince Grigory, 311-12, 645 Powell, General Colin, 371, 407 Powell, Jonathan, 302,312,403, 415-16 Pozner, Vladimir, 221 Pravyi Sektor, 574 Prelin, Colonel Igor, 90 Prigozhin, Yevgeny, 594,597 Prikhodko, Sergei, 428, 477 Primakov, Yevgeny, 269, 292, 307,356, 420 and Yeltsin, 1-2, 260, 265-7 and Putin, 262-3, 275, in 1999 Duma elections, 7-8, 281, 285-7, 316,323,332 Prince Charles, 160 Prince, Erik, 594 Procter and Gamble, 127 Prodi, Romano, 401, 464, 570 Prokhorov Mikhail, 537, 629 Proshin, Leonid, 217 Protest demonstrations, 333,389, 489, 508 during break-up of Soviet bloc, in, 114-16,121,139-40 in 1990s, 134,154, 257 in Ukraine, 394,573-4, 579 against monetization of social benefits, 470-71 after 2011 Duma elections, 531-5,538-40, 544-7, 596 against pension reform, 632-3 protests effectively banned, 638, 644, 659 Pugachev, Sergei, 264,312,358, 441 Pugo, Boris, 142-3,149 Pushkin, Aleksandr, 46,360, 434, 611 Pussy Riot, 540-43,545, 551, 564, 568, 625 845 Putin, Albert Vladimirovich [brother], 19 Putin, Ivan Petrovich [great-grandfather], 18 Putin, Katerina Vladimirovna (Katya) [daughter], 99, 201-2, 245,324 Putin, Lyudmila (née Shkrebneva), 180, 244, 295 courtship and marriage, 81-6, 89-90 in Dresden, 95, 97-9 return
to Leningrad, 106,124,126-7 life in St Petersburg, 164,180,198-9, 201 injured in car accident, 201-3, 542 life in Moscow, 245, 247, 291 foreign travel, 249-50, 257 on Putin’s appointment at FSB Chief, 257-8 on Putin's appointment as acting President, 288-9, 293 as First Lady, 311-13,324 divorce, 650 Putin, Maria Ivanovna (née Shelomova) [mother], 18-22, 26-7, 29,35,39, 47, 55, 58, 76, 84, 86, in World War II, 31-2 relations with daughter-in-law, 82, 89 baptism of son, 370 Putin, Maria Vladimirovna (Masha) [daughter], 90, 95, 97-9, 245,324 Putin, Spiridon Ivanovich [grandfather], 18, 20-21,37-8, 66, 68 Putin, Vera Nikolayevna, 22 Putin, Viktor Vladimirovich [brother] 19-20, 29,31, 46 Putin, Vladimir Spiridonovich [father], 17-20, 22, 26-7, 29,32-3,35-6, 40, 47, 55, 58,76, 84, 86, 276,370 in World War II, 30-31,37 Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich, 11,15-16 Childhood, 17-18, 20-28,34 and legacy of World War II, 28-32, 65 communal living, 34-6, 46,55,76 Adolescence, 38, 40-47 and judo, 38-40, 45, 49,53-4, 56, 59-61, 70, 80, 93-4,181, 473 family dacha (Pustomerzha), 44 (Tosno), 57-8, 74,106,127 and Young Pioneers and Komsomol, 41-3, 45-6, 49-50, 56-7, 76
846 PUTIN Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich, - conťd. at Leningrad Law Faculty, 52-4,55-9, 61-5 owns an automobile, 58-9, 77, 82, 85 In the KGB, 92-4,137,162,164, 298, 382, 478 efforts to join, 52-3, 61, 65-8 at Leningrad Regional Directorate, 69-81, 83-94,126 in Dresden, 92, 95-113,115-119 assigned to Sobchak, 119,121-3,127-8, 130-31 supposed resignation, 176-9,180-81 with Sobchak (1990-1996), 209, 219, 222, 228, 231, 258, 298, 448 as personal assistant, 133-5 sees off rivals, 136-7,168-71,175 and Estonia, 138,180, 224-8 negotiates with deputies, 140-41, 215 and August 1991 putsch, 144-5,147-9 and 'food scandal’, 151-9 head of Foreign Relations Committee, 150,159-62,168 liaison with security services, 161,179-80 and gambling establishments, 161,196-7 relations with foreigners, 160-6,172, 174,189-90 deputy and first deputy Mayor, 170,175 and organised crime, 181,184-8,197-8 and corruption, 190,192-7 persecution of Yuri Shutov, 204-6 dislike of party politics, 214 1996 city elections, 215, 217-18, 220, 243 relations with Yakovlev, 241-2, 250 doctoral thesis, 242-3 Kremlin official (1996-1999), 243-5 General Affairs Office, 245 Head, Main Control Directorate, 246-8 illicit income, 250 and Sobchak’s flight to France, 251-3, 267 First deputy Head, Presidential Administration, 254 FSB chief, 4, 256-63, 265,267,269-70,441 Secretary of the Security Council, 4, 270-72, 423 and Yeltsin, 255, 257-8, 267-70, 272, 275-7 Prime Minister (1999), 4, 278-89 Acting President (2000), 7, 289 grants Yeltsin immunity, 290 forms new administration, 290-92 relations with Duma, 292 election campaign,
304-7 and war in Chechnya, 278, 281-5, 288, 291, 298, 302, 306, 313-14, 335-6 Dubrovka theatre siege, 336-40,347-9, 351, 384, 403, 483 Chechenisation policy, 335, 340-44 Beslan massacre, 345-9, 351-3,384-5, 400, 483, 552 President (2000-2008) and legacy of empire, 305,309-11, 315-16,322-3 ‘good tsar, bad boyars’, 350, 403, 477, 505, 622 nature of regime, 451-4, 457-60, 485, 487, 516 becomes increasingly remote, 477, 480 personality cult, 480 infighting among elite, 486-7, 489-90 assassination attempts and security measures, 482-3 political murders, Litvinenko killing, 415-17, 483-5 and bureaucracy, 453-4, 476-7 halts structural reforms, 454, 471-2 Prime Minister (2008-2012), 493-4 and Medvedev, 493-4,511-12, 514-15, 521-2,527-8,530, 535, 652 attacks business magnates, 517-18 maintains high profile, 519-20 will stand for re-election, 528 and middle class discontent, 530-34, 538 and protest demonstrations, 533-5 President (from 2012) as incarnation of the state, 537, 656 marginalises liberal politicians, 547-8, 665 sidelines Medvedev, 548-9 disengages from routine, 615, 618, 620, 624-5, 640, 650-51 and Navalny, 543, 546, 638-42, 657 sense of ennui, 630 considers possible transfer of power, 631,633-7, 642-3, 649-52, 654,660, 665
847 INDEX Policy: on Democracy, 233-4, 305, 442, 445 futility of communism, 108, 294, 431 need for strong centralised government, 223-4, 231, 240, 255-6, 295,316,322-3, Յ52-Յ, 362-3, 432, 445, 458 Russia to seek its own path, 294-5, 407, 443-4, 446-7 restrictions on media, 300, 316-20,331-5, 349-52, Յ62-3, 407, 447, 530-31, 547, 624, 638, 645, 659-60 authorises extrajudicial killings abroad, 342-Յ, 416 parliamentary system, 353, 623-4 growing influence of siloviki, 355-6, 427-8, 478-9,547-8, 610, 625, 665 restrictions on NGOs, 402-3, 416,540, 624, 638 and Russian identity, 432, 440-42, 445, 549, 551-2 and role of political parties, 446 (also 214-15, 280) and role of civil society, 446-7 'managed' and 'sovereign' democracy, 446,549 and role of the middle class, 446, 538-9 encourages policy debates in first term, 461-2 crushes political opposition, 538-43, 545-7, 624, 638, 645, 649 cracks down on demonstrations, 539-40, 545-6, 638, 644, 659 and Pussy Riot case, 541-2, 551, 564, 568, 625 generational differences, 553 designation of extremist and undesirable organisations, 624, 634, 638, 644 Russia not ready for democracy, 625-7 on conservative values patriotism, 432, 439-40, 442,554 Orthodox Church as pillar of state, 435, 440-42, 445, 541-2 spiritual and cultural traditions, 549-52 'non-traditional' sexual relations, 550-51, 634 accuses the West of abandoning Christianideals, 551 on social affairs, 469, 512, 666 Monetisation of social benefits (‘transport war'), 469-71 Pension reform, 631-4 on the economy market reforms, 108,150, 232-3, 294, 428, 442, 448, 471 role of
‘oligarchs’, 249,320-1,353-4, 357-63, 400, 447 fiscal conservatism, 448-9 and 'resource curse’, 472 on geopolitics collapse of USSR, 223,349, 386, 408-9, 627, 652-3, 656 importance of the 'Near Abroad', 229-32, 235,386-97 economic relations with the West, 232-3, 428 Russia’s place in the world, 235, 240, 295,304, 607 as part of Europe, 302,380, 429, 444՜5, 552-3, би, 664 . of Asia, 380, 444-5 . of 'the civilised world’, 442,567 and NATO, 239-40, 271, 295,302-3, 365, 369, 371-2, 377-9, 383,397, 408, 421-3, 425-9, 560, 571, 607-10, 648, 655-6, 658 persistence of Cold War attitudes in West, 303-4, 369,378,380,384, 411, 664 . . . and in Russia, 303-4,378-9, 442, 664 and Iraq War, 365-6,380-83,385,397, 429,500,529, 588-9, 607 accuses West of abetting terrorism, 384-5, 479-80 and Georgia, 417, 423-4, 495-503,52° and multipolarity, 419-20, 507, 607-8 conspiracy theories about the West, 479, 610 views EU as stalking horse for NATO, 569-70 wages Information War against the West, 597-8 predicts Arab Spring will sour, 525
8д8 PUTIN Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich, - cont’d. and Libya, 528-9, 555-6,558-9, 585, 589, 607 intervenes in Syria, 555-9,587-96,607, 663 and Ukraine, 15, 230-32,568-9,571-87, 647-8, 652-9, 665-7 seeks to undermine European Security architecture, 658, 660 on geopolitics - relations with the United States before Munich, 274,365-86,394-8, 404-8, 410-12, 417-8 Munich Security Conference speech (2007), 418-20, 463, 555, 585 after Munich, 420-23, 427-30, 442, 472, 478 views ŲS as declining power, 503,507, 558, 600, 610, 666 Obama's ‘reset' fails, 522-3, 526, 559-65 accuses US of fomenting unrest and election-meddling, 534-6 hostility towards America deepens, 563,567, 580, 585, 597-610, 625, 627 and Biden, 15, 647-9, 652-4, 658 and Soviet and Tsarist heritage attitude to Jews, 36, 95,107, 265, 268 restores Soviet anthem and imperial emblems, 432-4 refuses to close Lenin mausoleum, 434-5 anniversary of Bolshevik Revolution, 435, 627-8 view of Stalin, 434-9, 628 teaching of history, 438-9,551-4 importance of World War II, 24, 28-32, 46, 65, 439-40,554 Popularity, 286,331,396, 412, 468, 531, 623, 633, 643 Personality, secretive, 85,165-6,198-9, 204 thin-skinned, 169,199 shy, 166, 297, 465 inferiority complex, 55-6,137, ambitious, 106,137,199, 257 pragmatic, 94,163-4,166,181, 232, 292, 374, 391, 428, 432, 485, 615, 651 esteems loyalty, 176,180, 205, 209, 252, 457, 542, 548, 617, 620 mistrustful, 83, 94,137,165,195, 480 rebellious, 42-3,47-8, 89,166 takes risks, 46-7,53,58, 91, 98, 297 . . . but more often cautious, 135,170, 228, 231, 246, 272, 301, 396, 457 self-control, 40, 47,
59-60, 84, 94,164, 202-3,306, 476, 537 scorns weakness, 60-61, 279, 338,348, 415, 558, 654 hard-working, 106,167, 459-61, retentive memory, 38, 299, 302, 464-5 no use for small talk, 163 use of language, 199,278, 282-3,297, 341, 474 attitude to religion, 370-1, 440-42 attitude to money, 57,199-201, 474-6 sense of humour, 296, 463 hobbies, 461 Private life, 98 with Lyudmila Khmarina, 76, 8o-8t with Lyudmila Shkrebneva, 81-6, 89-90, 99, 203-4, 481 and Alina Kabayeva, 481-2 attitude to women, 45, 82-3, 90, 99, 167-8 Putinversteher, 15 Qatar, 343, 416,526,589, 618 Queen Elizabeth II, 160,188 Radiohead, 542 Ragimov, Ilham, 55-6,109,153 Rahmon, Emomali, 390 Raidla,Jüri, 251 Raikin, Arkady, 81 Rakhlin, Anatoly, 39-40, 47, 49,53-4,58-61, 70,107, 473 Rappaport, Baruch, 186 Rasputin, Grigory, 18,39 Ratnikov, Boris, 479 Reagan, Ronald, 15,366,397, 410-11, 600, 604-5, 647 Reiman, Leonid, 291 Rhodes, Ben, 522 Rice, Condoleezza, 369-72,374, Յ76,378,382 as Secretary of State, 407, 410, 417, 42·°, 422, 424-6, 497, 499,502 Richards, Francis, 238, 379
849 INDEX Ritter, Rudolf, 197 Robertson, Lord (George), 302-3,377 in Lensoviet, 129,131,133 and ’food ’scandal’, 156-8, Rodionov, General Igor, 247 Rogozin, Dmitry, 466 Sambo, see Judo Rogozin, General Georgy, 216 Samutsevich, Yekaterina, 541-2 Roizman, Yevgeny, 544 Rokhlin, General Lev, 257 Sanders, Bernie, 598 Roldugin, Sergei, 72, 77, 81, 89-91,166, 181,325 Romania, US forward base, 408,419,429 missile defence, 604 Samsonov, General Viktor, 143-7 Sarkozy, Nicolas, 401, 425-6, 557 and Russo-Georgian war, 500-501 Satsyuk, Volodymyr, 392 Saudi Arabia, 374,397,589, 667 Savenkov, Lev, 190-91 Savisaar, Edgar, 138, 225 Romney, Mitt, 561 Scarlett, Sir John, 10, 415 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 437 Scheffer, Jaap de Hoop, 425 Rosneft, 457, 473, 514-15 Schiffer, Claudia, 209 and Yukos, 357-9, 405-6, 462 Schroder, Gerhard, 284,398, 400-401 and Bashneft, 617-19 Sebag Montefiore, Simon, 547 Rossel, Eduard, 157,512 Rostropovich, Mstislav, 433, 550 RosUkrEnergo, 521 Sechin, Igor, 162, 245,373, 442, 458-9, 462, 635, 650 deputy Head, Presidential Administration, 291 Rotenberg, Arkady and Boris, 473-4, 521, 643 Rothschild, Lord (Jacob), 355 and Northern Oil deal, 358, 473 Roux, Marcel, 129 355—7 359-61, 405-6, 462, 516-17, 617 Chairman (later CEO) of Rosneft, 357, Royal Pakhoed, 188-9, 207 Rozhdestvensky, Dmitry, 318-19 Rumer, Eugene, 2-3 Rumsfeld, Donald, 239,371, 379, 429 and Khodorkovsky's imprisonment, 405, 457 514 and elite infighting, 486-7,489-91, Rurik, 129, 631 514-15, 576 reprimanded by Putin, 406, 514-15 Rushailo, Viktor, 5 view of the West, 384, 405-6, 429, 610 Russkoe Video, 197,
217-18,318-19 seizes Bashneft, 617-18 takes revenge on Ulyukaev, 618-20 Rust, Matthias, 112 Rutskoi, Aleksandr, 171-3, 228 Ryan, Charles, 163-4,169,195-6, 208 and Gazprom, 455-7 Ryazan, 4-8,11-12 Sechin, Inga, 486 Sedelmayer, Franz, 165-6,179,185,189-90, 194,243 Segal, Steven, 617 Rybkin, Ivan, 246, 466-7 Seleznyov Gennady, 7,10-11, 449 Seleznyov, Colonel-General Sergei, 234 Rydnik, Yuri, 216-17 Serbia, Rybakov, Yuli, 147 Ryzhkov, Vladimir, 529-30 and Kosovo, 271-2, 274, 288, 408, 423, Saakashvili, Mikheil, 389, 417, 423-4, (see also: Yugoslavia), 579-80, 655 426, 640 and Russo-Georgian war, 495-8, 500-502,507,558 Serdyukov, Anatoly, as Defence Minister, 505-6, 512,576, 659 Serebrennikov, Kirill, 624-5 Sadulayev, Abdul-Halim, 349 Sergeyev, Dmitry, 175 Sakharov, Andrei, 107,120,128, 566, 644 Sergeyev, Marshal Igor, 324,328,330, Salye, Marina, 147 365, 462
850 PUTIN Shadkhan, Igor, 167,318, 480 Shah, Sherman, 136 Shakrai, Sergei, 256 Shakirov, Raf, 352 Shaimiev, Mintimer, 275, 512 Shamalov, Nikolai, 200, 249-50, 473 Shalikashvili, General John, 236, 238 Sharogradskaya, Anna, 219 Shchekochikhin, Yuri, 483-6 Shchelkanov, Aleksandr, 129,132-4,140 Shcherbakov, Vice-Admiral Vyacheslav, 131,133,144,146-7,169, 209 marginalised, 170,172,175 Sheinwald, Sir Nigel, 399-401, 416, 477 Shevardnadze, Eduard, 139,143,388-9, 417 Shevchenko, Yuri, 201-2, 291,542 Shirokov, General Vladimir, 116 Shoigu, Sergei, 285-7, 470 and occupation of Crimea, 576-7 Shokin, Aleksandr, 619 Shpigun, General Gennady, 276 Shutov, Yuri, 133-4,136-7, 204-6 Shvidler, Yevgeny, 359 Sibneft, 332,359,361 Simmons, Keir, 641 Sinyavsky, Andrei, 49-50 Sipher,John, 598 Skoibeda, Vitaly, 144 Skripal, Sergei, 603-4, 620, 639 Skuratov, Yuri, 213, 217, 250-1, 262-5, 268 Sluzhba bezpeky Ukrayiny (SBU), 392 Smirnov, Anatoly, 184 Smirnov, Vladimir, 197, 200 Snowden, Edward, 565-7, 607 Sobchak, Anatoly, 65,120-22,128,139, 225, 241, 312, 448, 550 becomes Lensoviet Chairman, 128-30 elations with deputies, 131-4,140,171-2, 174-5, 209 and organised crime, 133,185-7,190-91, 483 elected Mayor, 140-141 and August 1991 putsch, 142-9 and 'food scandal', 150,156-8 relations with Yeltsin, 156,158,172,174, 211-12, 243, 251 and Yuri Shutov, 204-6 and First Chechen War, 209, 212 and religion, 440 view of the West, 232-4 alienates those around him, 209, 452 and corruption, 204, 207-8, 212,355 subject of criminal investigation, 217-18, 251-2 1996 city elections, 211, 213-20,318 flight to France,
252, 542 death and funeral, 306, 482-3 Sobchak, Ksenia, 149, 252 at protest demonstrations, 533 detained, 540-41 as candidate for presidency, 629 Sobornost, 432, 445 Sobyanin, Sergei, 493, 525, 628 Solana, Javier, 464 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 37, no, 141,318, 432, 439 Solovyov, Vladimir, 445, 552 Somoza, Anastasio, 397 Sonntag, Rainer, 102, 706 n 46 Sorge, Richard, 75 Soros, George, 248,355 Soskovets, Oleg, 212, 256 Soviet Union disintegration of, in-15,125,138-40, 152, 236 economic and social collapse, 124-5.150 beginnings of private enterprise, 181-2 end of Communist Party’s leading role, 128,134 ceases to exist, 153 Spain, 150, 274,294,319,331, 412·, 502,590. 649 Springsteen, Bruce, 542 St Petersburg Social and economic collapse in 1990s, 182-3, 210-11 Petersburg Fuel Company (PFC), 187, 196-7 St Petersburg Real Estate Holding Company (SPAG), 196-7 (see also: Leningrad) Stalin, Joseph, 26,30, 38, 43,59, 63, 66, 68, 173,370, 437-8, 450, 480, 482-3, 524, 547, 666 repression, 9, 32-4, 36-7, 51,57,73-6, no, 118,134, 434, 436-7, 443, 554, 616, 624, 642 and wartime leadership, 435-6
INDEX Stankevich, Sergei, 121 Starovoitova, Galina, 135,197, 265 Stasi [East German State Security], 95-100, 104,107, no, 112-13,116-19,123,126 Steele, Christopher, dossier on Trump, 601-2 Steffens, Lincoln, 184 Stepanov, Albert, 186 Stepashin, Sergei, 3, 255, 265, 452, 462 as Prime Minister, 266-70, 275, 277-8, 316, 491 Stewart, James, 568 Stiernlöf, Sture, 164,174, 206-7 Sting, 542 Stolypin, Pyotr, 23, 449, 483 Stone, Sharon, 519 Strategie Defence Initiative (SDI), 366, 376, 604 Straw, Jack, 402 Stroessner, General Alfredo, 397 Subway Sandwiches, 185-6 Sultygov, Abdul-Khakim, 336,340 Sumgait pogrom, in Surgutneftegaz, 187, 474 Surkov, Vladislav, 404, 438, 446, 463, 492-3, 524, 527,548-9, 647 Suslin, Sergei, 181 Svenska Dagbladet, 2 SVR [Foreign Intelligence Service], 260, 269 exchanges intelligence with CIA, 365, 379, 385 Sychev, Andrei, 489 Syria, 137, 560 and ISIS, 284, 588,592, 594-5 and Arab Spring, 525,555-6 and chemical weapons, 557-9,567 refugee crisis, 588-9 Russian military intervention, 590-91, 593-6, 607, 659, 663 Tajikistan, 209, 231, 298,390 Takuan Sõhõ, 40 Talbott, Strobe, 236-8, 273-4, 280 Taliban, see Afghanistan Tallinn Process, 132,138,150 Taylor, Elizabeth, 550 Tchaikovsky, Pyotr, 46,434, 551 85i Tereshkova, Valentina, 636 Thatcher, Margaret, 160, 464 The Shield and the Sword, 51-2, 92 Tiitinen, Seppo, 311 Tikhon, Archimandrite, 441-3 Timchenko, Gennady, 252 (see aho: Gunvor) Tiomkin, Dimitri, 568 Tokarev, Nikolai, 96, 457 Tolonnikova, Nadezhda, 541-2 Tolstoy, Leo, 23, 40, 434 Torrence, Richard, 550 Traber, Ilya, 188,197, 207 Trachtenberg, Marc, 598
Transnistria, 228, 231, 285,391, 419 Travin, Dmitry, 27-8,193 Tregubova, Yelena, 269-70,391 Trenin, Dmitry, 627 Tretyakov, Vitaly, 446 Trotsky, Leon, 134 Trump, Donald, 15, 22, 93, 598, 646-7, 653 President, 599-602, 645 Tsagolov, Aleksandr, 346-7 Tsar Aleksandr I, 18 Tsar Aleksandril, 483,524 Tsar Ivan IV [The Terrible], 46 Tsar Ivan VI, 483 Tsar Nicholas I, 360,524,547 Tsar Nicholas II, 18,134,188,493 Tsar Paul I, 483,505 Tsar Peter I [The Great], 19,46, 69, 72, 134,161 Tsar Peter III, 483 Tsepov, Roman, 483-4 Tsereteli, Zurab, 437-8 Tunisia, 525 Turgenev, Ivan, 40 Turkey, 421-2, 526, 582,. 588 and Kurds, 556 supporting ISIS, 592 relations with Russia, 591-4 and NATO, 593-4 Turkmenistan, 390-91, 651 Turku, 149,167-8,198 (see aho: Finland) Turner, Ted, 202 Tylik, Nadezhda, 327 Tymoshenko, Yulia, 409, 520-21,572
852 PUTIN Սշ, 542 Ukraine 59,135η, 157, 292, Зб4, 482, 568-9,594 and collapse of USSR, 115,140,152, 229-32 and NATO, 378, 424-6,428, 498,502,510, 579-82, 587, 608, 652-5 and Eurasian Economic Community, 390,569 and Orange Revolution, 391-7, 429, 471, 523, 534, 569, 573, 655 and gas dispute with Russia, 387, 409-10, 520-21 and United States, 411,417, 425-7,571-2, 577, 579, 609-10, 648, 653-5 and EU Association agreement, 569-73, 649 Euromaidan demonstrations, 573-4 collapse of Yanukovych government, 574-5 annexation of Crimea, 576-82, 585, 595-6, 607, 623, 629, 654-5, 658 conflict in Eastern Ukraine, 582-3, 586, 612, 663 shooting down of MH17,583-6 Normandy format and Minsk accords, 583,586-7, 652, 654 Russian troops mass on border, 647-8, 654 preparations and rationale for war, 652-8 Russo-Ukrainian war, 658-9, 661-2, 665-7 Ulyukayev, Aleksei, 618-20, 624 Union State of Russia and Belarus, 2,291,387 United Arab Emirates, 589 and Chechnya, 384, 614 United Kingdom, 16,120,136, 294,398, 423, 436,460,482-3, 485,552,554 aid to St Petersburg, 150-51 and Chechnya, 288, 298-9,302,384, 400 ‘special relationship’ with US, 301, 649 and Kursk disaster, 324 and Russian relationship with NATO, 235, 238-9, 272,378-9, 426 and Iraq War, 382-3,399 bilateral relations with Russia, 160, 299,302,304,332·, 364,398-405, 412, 416,559 murder of Aleksandr Litvinenko, 412-17 and Russian elite, 429 and World War II, 436,439 and Libya, 526 and Syrian civil war, 555, 557,589 and Ukraine, 580, 652 and Sergei Skripal, 620 (see also: Tony Blair) United States, 234, 271-2,301, 632, 641, 654, 663 and NATO
enlargement, 236-9, 271,378, 425, 662 and National Missile Defence, 301, 366-8,376-7, 666 . electoral system criticised, 368,386, 466, 596 and Sept и attacks, 372-5, 601 anti-terrorist alliance with Russia, 373-5, 384, 421 Jackson-Vanik Amendment, 379, 561, 565 exporting democracy, 382, 385,394, 396-7, 404, 407, 429, 607, 663 and EU reliance on Russian gas, 410-11, 646-7 and Russo-Georgian war, 498-9, 501,558 triggers Great Recession, 507 right-wing Republicans support Putin, 552 and Syria, 555-9,588-90, 594 USAID closed, Radio Liberty licence withdrawn, 559-60 Magnitsky Act and Russian retaliation, 561-5 Abu Ghraib, Guantanamo and CIA black sites, 562-3 and Ukraine, 571,577, 580-81, 585-6, 653, 658-9 Russian interference in elections, 596-8, 600-601, 604, 607, 648 foreign policy consensus in Washington, 599 expels Russian diplomats, 603 withdraws ambassador, 646, 648 (see abo : Joe Biden, George W Bush, Bill Clinton, Barack Obama, Donald Trump, and Putin [Policy, on geopolitics - relations with the United States]) US Democratic National Committee (DNC), 597, 603
853 INDEX Ustinov, Vladimir, 319, 472, 486-7, 489-90, 515 Usvyatsov, Leonid, 53-4, 61,181,198 Uzbekistan, 374,390 Vakhirev, Rem, 321 van der Stoel, Max, 228 van Rompuy, Herman, 573 Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 662 Vashchilin, Nikolai, 61, 72,198, 616 Vasiliev, Sergei, 188 Védrine, Hubert, 299,398-9 Vekselberg, Viktor, 445 Venediktov, Aleksei, 331,334, 615 Vershbow, Alexander, 405 Veshnyakov, Aleksandr, 368 Videla, General Jorge Rafael, 397 Vietnam, Putin closes naval base, 379 Vikström, Archbishop John, 167 Vindman, Aleksandr, 572 Vishnevsky, Boris, 140,156, 242 Vladikavkaz, 13, 276 Volgodonsk, 3, 7,10-11 Volmer, Märt, 225-6 Volodin, Vyacheslav, 633-4 Voloshin, Aleksandr, 254, 264, 268, 275, 277, 281, 286, 288,316,527 Head of the Presidential Administration, 290-1,320-21,326,332, 334,337, 457, 461-2 and Khodorkovsky affair, 356-7, 359, 458 von Ploetz, Hans-Friedrich, 465 von Puttkamer, Eberhard, 166, 202, 225-6, 245,3« von Wistinghausen, Henning, 203 Voroshilov, Marshal Kliment, 482 Vyakhirev, Rem, 455 Vyshenkov, Yevgeny, 187,191,196 Vysotsky, Vladimir, 48 Wagner Group, 594,597 Warnig, Matthias, 203 Warsaw Pact, 91,113, 421, 662 dissolved, 236, 271,369, 660 Werner (KGB Dresden driver), 97,126 Wolfowitz, Paul, 235-6,371, 429,572 Wood, Joseph, 497 World Bank, 159 World Trade Organisation (WTO), 421, 510, 561 Xi Jinping, 655, 667 Wörner, Manfred, 235 Yagoda, Genrikh, 75 Yakovlev, Aleksandr, 149 Yakovlev, Dima, 563-4 Yakovlev, Vladimir, 175, 241-2, 250,306, 451 and 1996 city elections, 216-18 Yakunin, Vladimir, 200, 442, 457 Yamadayev, Ruslan, 613-14 Yanaev, Gennady, 143,145
Yandarbiyev, Zelimkhan, assassinated, 343, 416, 485 Yanukovych, Viktor, 391-6 supported by Putin in 2003 election, 392-4,396 elected President, 520-21 hesitates over Association agreement with EU, 569-73 accepts EU mediation with opposition, 574 flees to Moscow, 575,577 gives cover to Putin, 578-9 Yarov, Yuri, 144,146-7 Yastrzhembsky, Sergei, 244, 269,351 Yavlinsky, Grigory, 263, 267,307,338, 533 Yazov, Marshal Dmitry, 142-3, 235 Yegiazaryan, Ashot, 264 Yegiazaryan, Suren, 264 Yegorov, Nikolai (lawyer), 56,122,130 Yegorov, Nikolai (functionary), 243-5 Yeltsin, Boris, 371 ascent to power, 120-21,135,140-1 and break-up of Soviet Union, 139, 149,152 and August 1991 putsch, 143,146,149 President of Russia, 157,161,170,197, 265, 292, 418, 431, 440, 612-13, 622, and the 'Family', 1, 6, 264, 458, 467 and apartment bombings, 2, 6 and the West, 159, 213, 220, 234, 274, 662-3 power struggle with parliament (1993), 171-4, 220, 228, 236, 256
854 PUTIN Yeltsin, Boris, - cant’d. and security services, 179, 256-7 and First Chechen War, 202, 213-14, 24 health problems, 1,212, 220, 246 re-elected in 1996, 219-20 and media, 220-21,334 and NATO enlargement, 237, 239, 271, 419-20 relaunches economic reforms, 246, 248 impeachment, 254, 266 and Putin, 255. 257-8, 267-70, 272, 275֊7, 290 attitude to colleagues, 261, 296,313 and Mabetex scandal, 263-4, 268, 290-91, 451, and arms control, 366-7 choice of successor, 8,220, 252-3, 266-70, 275-7, 279-80 resignation, 7, 287-9 retirement and death, 333, 433, 481, 631 historical role praised, 438-9 Yeltsin, Naina, 288 Yeltsin, Tatyana, 213, 253, 264, 277, 288, 291,316 Yentaltseva, Marina, 162, 201-3, 296 Yershov, Aleksandr, 219 Yevstafiev, Arkady, 454 Yevtushenkov, Vladimir, 617-18, 624 Yezhkov, Dmitry, 217-18,356 Yezhov, Nikolai, 75-6 Yuganskneftegaz, 405-6 Yugoslavia, 236, 295,301-2,365,369,598 (see aho: Serbia) Yukos, 321,354-5,357-62,505,516, sale of assets, 405-6, 429, 462, 617-18 (see also: Khodorkovsky, Mikhail) Yumashev, Valentin, 291,517 head of the Presidential Administration, 246, 255, 269 and Putin, 251-4, 257, 267-8, 488 member of the ‘Family’, 264, 277-8, 286, 288,307,316, 458 and Berezovsky, 286,321, 332 Yuriev, Aleksandr, 218 Yushchenko, Viktor, 391-5,409-10, 426, 520-21 Zakayev, Ahmed, 336,341, 343 granted asylum in Britain, 399-400, 402 and Litvinenko, 412 ZakSobranie (St Petersburg Legislative Assembly), 174-6,185,192, 208-9 (see aho: Lensoviet and Petrosoviet) Zaostrovtsev, Yevgeny, 486 Zaostrovtsev, Yuri, 320,357,359, 486 Zapolsky, Dmitry, 185, 209 Zdanovich,
Aleksandr, 5 Zelenogorsk (dacha), 126-7,183,193 Zelensky, Volodymyr, 652, 655, 658 Zhang Yimou, 495 Zhdanov, Andrei, 33 Zhirinovsky, Vladimir, 211,232, 265, 292,307, 378, 466, 491, 493, 505, 537, 623, 629 Zolotonosov, Mikhail, 184 Zolotov, Viktor, 458, 483-4, 490, 617 Zubkov, Viktor, 490-91, 505 Zuchold, Klaus, 104,118-19 Zuyev, Sergei, 486-7 Zverev, Sergei, 2, 8 Zygar, Mikhail, 490 Zykov, Boris, 252-3 Zyuganov, Gennady, 214, 220, 285,307, 493, 537, 623 Zyuzin, Igor, 517 |
| adam_txt |
Contents Note on Spelling and Pronunciation i շ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 io ii i2 13 14 15 16 17 18 Prologue Baskov Lane Legal Niceties The Big House Quiet Days in Saxony Back in the USSR The Grey Cardinal The Viewfrom the Neva Moscow Rules The Cap of Monomakh Power Vertical A Bonfire of Illusions The Russian Idea Body Politic Tandemocracy The Straitjacket Tightens Payback Nemtsov, Wild Boar Sausages and the End of Liberalism The Endgame Afterword Acknowledgements Note on Sources Interviews Notes Index ix I 17 55 69 95 124 176 222 241 290 309 364 431 448 495 538 555 612 630 666 673 677 680 689 831
Index Abakumov, Viktor, 76 Abramov, General Ivan, in Abramovich, Roman, 264,333,359, 458 Adianov, Viktor, 105-6 Afghanistan, 375,388,391, 500,502,556,559, 592, 662 Soviet invasion, 108,120,148,171,173,182, 347-8, 544 Russia aids US against Taliban, 365, 373-5,379,381,385, 421, 429,510, 560-61 US forces bog down, withdraw, 589, 648, 654 Africa, 649 Agartanov, Vladimir, 72, 74 in Dresden, 96,100-110 Akhmatova, Anna, 57 Aksyonenko, Nikolai, 267, 275, 278, 291, 451-2, 458 Aksyonov, Sergei, 576-7 Albania, 69, 271, 502՝ Albright, Madeleine, 274, 284, 289-9,464, 479-80 Alekhov, Kolya, 59-61 Alekperov, Vagit, 333 Aleksei II, Patriarch, 310, 441,541 Alkhanov, Alu, 345 al-Assad, Bashar, 555-8 and chemical weapons, 557, 560, 567 backed by Russia in civil war, 588-91, 594-5 al-Qaeda, 279,336,373-4,381-2,388,535, 556,558,588,591 Alyokhina, Maria, 541-2 Ames, Aldrich, 87 Andersson, Carl, 206 Andropov, Yuri, 50-51, 69,77,105-7,117,585 Angleton, James Jesus, 468 Anichkin, Aleksei, 516 Anikin, Aleksandr, 153-4,156 Apartment bombings (1999), 2-14, 279,281, 316-17,374, 601 APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) Auckland (1999), 279 Arafat, Yasser, 365 Arakcheyev, Count Aleksei, 505 Arctic, 649 Armed Forces, 247 bullying, 53, 488-9, 506 as a blunt instrument, 283,340-41, 662 resist reform, 503-5 in Russo-Georgian war (2008), 504,577 attempted transition to professional force, 505-6 in Crimea (2014), 577 in Ukraine (2022), 659, 662 Armenia, 132,140,152 and Nagorno-Karabakh, ni, 231, 247, 391, 593-4 Arms Control, 419, 586,649, 663 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, 366-7,376,385,510, 605,
607, 609 Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE), 285, 419, 421, 605 Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF), 605-7 National Missile Defence (NMD), 301,. 366-8,371,376,385,408,419, 421-2, 427, 429, 507.
832 PUTIN Arms Control, - cant’d. 509, 560-61,567, 604, 609, 664, 666 Nuclear non-proliferation, 421 Open Skies Treaty, 606 START II, 367 Strategic Arms, 280, 372, 560,567, 605-6 Strategic Olfensive Reductions Treaty (SORT), 377,385,421,510 New START, 510, 607, 646 Strategic Stability Dialogue, 648 Arpaio, Joe, 22 Asmus, Ron, 501-2 Aspin, Les, 236 Atta, Mohamed, 381 Attali, Jacques, 159 August 1991 putsch, 236 Aushev, Ruslan, 347 Australia, 382 Austria, gas dispute, 410 Freedom Party, 552 Aven, Pyotr, 154,156,158,194, 220-21, 277, 321, 323, 356 Azerbaijan, 109,135η, 140, 224, 421-2,482 and Nagorno-Karabakh, in, 231, 247, 391, 593-4 Babitsky, Andrei, 299-300, 351 Bach, Thomas, 568 Bachmann, Michele, 22 Baikalfinansgrup, 406 Baker, James, 160,235-8,654 Baker, Peter, 338 Baklanov, Oleg, 143 Baltic States, in, 135η, 138-40,150,152, 224֊5, 229, 231, 429, 605 and NATO, 372, 608, 658 Baluyevsky, General Yuri, 502, 505, 548 Bandera, Stepan, 579, 655 Bank Rossiya, 200, 473 Barak, Ehud, 365 Barannikov, General Viktor, 256 Barayev, Movsar, 337-8 Barroso, José Manuel, 570, 572, 591 Barsukov, Mikhail, 212-13, 217, 256 Basayev, Shamil, 3,13, 276, 278,301,336,340, 342-3,346,349, 374 Bashneft, 617-18 ’Basmanny justice’, 400 Bastrykin, Aleksandr, 56,122 head of Investigative Committee, 543, 547, 549 Baturina, Yelena, 287, 513 Beatles, 48 Beissig, Doris, 98 Beissig, Fritz, 98 Belarus, 387,390, 651 gas dispute, 410 and Eurasian Economic Community, 569 Belkovsky, Stanislav, 360, 474-5 Belyaev, Aleksandr, 24,144,146-8,150,162, 166,171-2,176, 209, 219 and 'food scandal’, 156 Belyaev, Sergei, 169
Belykh, Nikolai, 543 Ben Ali, Zine el-Abidine, 525 Berdyaev, Nikolai, 444-5,552 Berezovsky, Boris 14, 22,194-5, 205, 214, 248-9, 251, 264, 268, 354, 357, 362, 473 relations with Putin, 260-63, 275, 321-4, ЗЗ1-2 and 1999 Duma campaign, 281, 285-7 2000 presidential campaign, 304 and Kursk disaster, 326 cedes control of media companies, 332-3 granted asylum in Britain, 399-400, 402, 642 and Aleksandr Litvinenko, 412-13 Berezovsky, Lena, 262-3 Beria, Lavrenty, 33-4, 76 Berkut [Ukrainian riot police], 573-4 Berlusconi, Silvio, 401 Bershidsky, Leonid, Berzin, Jan, 74-5 Berzins, Indulis, 303 Beyrle, John, 285, 497, 523, 527 Bezrukov, Sergei, 103,108,117-19 Biden, Joe, 370 as Vice-President, 509, 553,571 as President, 645-6, 652 relations start better than expected, 647-9 and Ukraine, 653, 658 Bildt, Carl, 206, 227-8 bin Laden, Osama, 279, 341, 560,592
INDEX bin Salman, Mohamed, 604 Bishop, Tony, 302 Bismarck, Otto von, 630 Björk, 542 Blair, Tony, 299,312,364,367,369,373,376, 398, 400, 464-5 visits St Petersburg (2000), 301-2,304-5, 310, 461, 481 hosts Putin in London (2000 and 2003), 399 . . . and at Gleneagles (2005), 401 visits Moscow (2001,2005), 377-8, 401 and Iraq War, 383, 399 disillusionment with Putin, 400, 401 attends G8 in St Petersburg (2006), 403-4 and Litvinenko murder, 414-16 Blatmann, Roland, 171-2, 231-2, 653 Blinken, Anthony, 645 Blomgren, Jan, 1-2, 8-9 Blotsky, Oleg, 178 BND (Bundesnachrichtendienst), 98,119, 197, 482, 579Ո Bobkov, General Filipp, 120,122 Bobrov, Mikhail, 54 Bocharov Ruchei, 482, 657 Bogdanchikov, Sergei, 358 Boguslavsky, Leonid, 321 Böhm, General Horst, 112,116 Bokassa, Jean-Bedel, 408 Boldyrev, Yuri, 129,147 and 'food scandal’, 156-8 and 1996 city elections, 216, 218 Bolshakov, Aleksei, 244 Bolton, John, 606, 610, 645 Bonner, Yelena, 107 Bordyug, Vadim, 186,190 Bordyuzha, Nikolai, 264, 270 Borisenko, Viktor, 28,35, 39-40, 42, 45, 47-8, 57, 59-60, 68, 74 Borodin, Pavel, 189, 243, 245, 254, 472 and Mabetex scandal, 263, 291, 451 Bortnikov, Aleksandr, 576, 641 Bosnia, 271, 273 Boym, Svetlana, 36 Bragin, Vladimir, 96,106,108,119, 460 Braithwaite, Rodric, 120,149 Brazil, 526 Brenton, Sir Anthony, 400, 401, 464-5 8ՅՅ harassed by Kremlin youth movement, 404-5, 559 Brezhnev, Leonid, 42, 48-50,75,106,135, 291-2, 433, 438, 478, 630, 666 and corruption, 51,109, 450 and détente, 64, 69,366 Bridge, Richard, 120 British Petroleum (BP), 361, 415-16 Browder, Bill, 455, 485,515-16,561 {see also :
Sergei Magnitsky) Browder, Earl, 455 Brown, Gordon, 416 Browne, John, 361 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 394 Buinaksk, 3, 9-12, 279 Bulgakov, Mikhail, 204 Bulgaria, US forward base, 408, 419,429 Burłaka, Colonel-General Andrei, 584 Burns, Bill, 410, 418, 420, 424-7, 477, 488, 502 reflects on US-Russian relations, 428 Bush, George H. W, 142,159, 216, 236, 238, 367,369,371,378 visits Ukraine before Orange Revolution, 394 Bush, George W, 15,368, 420,590,594, 598, 600, 646, 664 Ljubljana summit (2000), 369-71,373,464 September it attacks, 372-3 and National Missile Defence (NMD), 376-7 and NATO enlargement, 378, 425 personal relationship with Putin, 383, 386, 407, 421-2, 426-7,472 freedom agenda, 396-7,429 hosts Putin at Kennebunkport, 421-2 Bucharest summit (2008), 425-6,502 and Russo-Georgian war, 498-9, 501, 558 Byrnes, Shaun, 236 Caligula, Emperor, 539 Calvey, Michael, 621 Campbell, Alastair, 302,312 Cameron, David, 557 Carnegie, Andrew, 662 Carnegie, Dale, 88 Castro, Fidel, 42
PUTIN 834 Ceauşescu, Nikolai, 115 Chaika, Yuri, 486 Charlie Hebdo, caricatures of Mohammed, 613-14 Chebrikov, General Viktor, 75-6,121 Chechnya, 4, 255, 274,301, 442, 482,493,527 Criminal gangs, 182,185 First war, 2, 202, 209,.212-14, 249, 266, 282,301,338 Second war, 3, 7, 9, 275-6, 278, 281-5, 288, 291, 298-300,302,306,313-14, 326, 335-49, 477, 504, 535, 577, 590,592 Western criticisms of, 284-5, 288, 298-9,302, 336,341,364,398, 407 Wahhabite fundamentalism, 301,397 Dubrovka theatre siege, 336-40,347-9, 351,384, 403, 483 Chechenisation policy, 335,340-44 Beslan massacre, 345-9, 351-3,384-5,400, 483,552 link to September 11 hijackers, 374-5 Russian accusations of Western meddling, 383-4 Chechens and Boston marathon, 567 (seealso: Dagestan) Cheka, 18, 51, 74-6,103,149,459 (see aho: KGB) Chekhov, Anton, 35, 46 Chemezov, Sergei, 96, toi, 112-13, 245 Cheney, Dick, 235-6,371,381, 429 denounces Putin's policies, 410-11, 417 and Georgia, 497 Cherkashin, Dmitry, 203, 229, 244 Cherkesov, Viktor, 258, 458, 486-7, 490 Chernenko, Konstantin, 106 Chernobyl, 112 Chernomyrdin, Viktor, 260, 267 as Prime Minister, 212, 215,243-4, 253, 266 and Gazprom, 253, 455 Cheryomushkin, Vladimir, 59-61, 537 Chevron, 359 Chiesa, Giulietto, 2, 6, 8 China, 334,367, 419, 429, 486, 526,567, 666-7 internet censorship, 530-31 as Russia’s strategic ally, 610-11, 649, 654-5, 660 focus of rivalry with US, 15, 611, 649, 653, 667 Chirac, Jacques, 141,167, 213, 284, 398-9, 401 Chizova, Tamara, 24-5 Chubais, Anatoly, 175, 233, 260, 266-8,333, 434, 458 and Sobchak, 121,137,168-70, 211, 250 and shock therapy, 210-11,
233 and 1996 election, 213-14 and Putin, 243-4, 246-7, 253, 258, 277, 307 and Oneksimbank scandal, 248-9, 251, 268-9 Chuikin, Vladimir, 228 Churchill, Sir Winston, 16, 419, 437, 439 Churov, Vladimir, 225 Chairman of Election Commission, 532, 535 Clark, General Wesley, 273 Clinton, Bill, 160,180, 213, 220, 267, 274, 296, 308,369,375,378, 664 and NATO enlargement, 236-9, 271, 662 and National Missile Defence (NMD), 301,366-8,376, 666 and Putin, 324,364-8, 388 (Auckland, 1999), 279-80, 285, 287, 294 (Oslo, 1999), 13, 284-5, 374 Clinton, Hillary, 31 as Secretary of State, 509,595 and Putin, 522-3,534-5, 596 presidential campaign, 596-8, 600, 603 Cohen, Stephen, 603 Collins, Jim, 293,313,383 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), 152, 261, 386-7, 409, 423, 469, 482, 569 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 526 Congress of People’s Deputies (Russian), 135,171-2, 266 Congress of People's Deputies (Soviet), П2,119-20,128,133, 219 Constitution, (1993), 172,174, 662 (1996), 2, 220 amended in 2008, 514 amended in 2020, 633-7 Cook, Robin, 299
INDEX Corruption, 49,51,109,183-4,195-6, 407 at St Petersburg Mayor's Office, 190-93 in Russian administration, 358, 449-52, 454, 472-Յ, 621-2 among petty officials, 453, 622-3 ‘Three Whales' case, 485-7, 490 denounced by Navalny, 531 (see also: Sergei Magnitsky) Council of Europe, election monitors, 493 Covid-19, 635, 637, 641, 650-51, 656, 667 Crime, In the USSR, 24, 40, 56, 62-3,124-5, 181,211 in the 1990S, 4,144,148,182-3,185, 225, 236-7, 248 relations with legitimate business, 181-5, 187-8,197-8 and St Petersburg Mayor's Office, 185, 187,190,196-8,483 Tambovsky Gang, 182,185-7,191,197, 265, 285, 450, 484 after 2000, 338, 448, 485 relationship between organised crime and government, 449-50, 513,577 Crimea, see Ukraine Croatia, 502 Cuba, 365-6 1962 missile crisis, 42,102, 274, 422, 609 Cyprus, 502, 582 Czech Republic (and Czechoslovakia), 835 Demenkov, Mikhail, 48 Denikin, General Anton, 435, 445 Denmark, 341 Depardieu, Gérard, 519 Deripaska, Oleg, 183,333, 458,475,517-18 Deutsche Bank, 248, 405 Dinkenspiel, Ulf, 206 Dissidents, 50-51, 69 Putin and, 72-3,107, 463, 566 Dobrodeyev, Oleg, 326 Dobbins, James, 597-8 Doctors' Plot, 34,76 Donbas, 584. 594, 647, 649, 656 (see also: Donetsk, Luhansk) Donetsk, 582-4,587, 655 and Yanukovych, 395,575 Dorenko, Sergei, 287,322-3,332 Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 40, 46,330, 434, 445 Douthat, Ross, 602-3 Dozhd (TV), 547, 644 forced to close, 659 Dubai, see United Arab Emirates Dubov, Yuli, 195 Dudayev, Dzhokhar, 301 Dugin, Aleksandr, 533 Dumas, Alexandre, 48 Durytska, Anna, 612 Dzerzhinsky, Feliks, 74,149 Dzhikop, 153,156 Dadayev, Zaur, 613-15
Dagestan, Wahhabite fundamentalism, 3-4, 9, 276 military campaign, 278-9, 293 (see also: Chechnya) European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), 126,159, 161,163,168,195, 208 Economy, 126,133, 625, 661, 666 under Gorbachev, 124,150 shock therapy’, 151-2,154--5,159,171, 210-11, 232-3,354, 662-3 demographic decline, 201, 266,364,448, 506,508, 551, 632 1998 default, 259-60, 355 under Putin, 294,364, 411-12,428, 442, Daniel, Yuli, 49-50 Davydov, Ivan, 650 Dearlove, Sir Richard, 10,302,378-9,401 Debaltsevo, 587 Delimkhanov, Adam, 614 Delon, Alain, 519 Delors, Jacques, 150 448-9, 455, 469, 471 effects of Yukos affair, 361-2,405 growing inequalities, 444 and 'resource curse', 472 and Great Recession, 507-8, 623 growth stalls after 2008, 508, 642-3, 661 (see also: Oligarchs) too, 114-15,1З2,160 Prague Spring, 50, 56,140, and NATO, 236, 271, 421-2, 509 and NMD, 421-2,509
836 PUTIN Egypt, 525,589 Ekho Moskvy, 325,331, 407 criticises regime, 331, 344,527, 615, 644 forced to dose, 659 Elections (Duma, 1993), 211 (Duma, 1995), 213 ■ (Presidential, 1996), 213, 217, 219-21, 305,307 (Duma, 1999), 7,14, 281, 285-7, 3°7 (Presidential, 2000), 14, 281, 291, 297, 304-7 (Duma, 2003), 465-6, 468 (Presidential, 2004), 466-9 (Duma, 2007), 491-3 (Presidential, 2008), 493 (Duma, 2011), 529, 531-2 (Presidential, 2012), 535-7 (Duma, 2016), 624 (Presidential, 2018), 628-9 (Duma, 2021), 649 Elia, Heikki, 198 Empress Catherine II [The Great], 311 Equatorial Guinea, 602 Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip, 591-4 Estonia, 30, 44,132,189,193, 203, 251, 597 Independence, 113,138-9, 224-6, 229 Russian diaspora, 226-7,391 Narva Autonomy Campaign, 180, 227-8 and NATO, 378, 658 Eurasian Economic Community, 390,569 Eurasianism, 445-6, 533 European Union, 232, 235, 239,380,386, 412,500 common spaces, 401 EU-Russia summit (Helsinki, 1999), 283 (Brussels, 2002), 341 (London, 2005), 402 and Russian gas supplies, 410-11,646-7,659 and United States, 446, 569-70, 599 and Ukraine, 569-73, 581, 585-7, 649 Evans, John, 185-6 Exceptionalism (American), 15, 429, 559, 589, 665 (Russian), 15, 429, 552 Fabritsky, Veniamin, 207 Felshtinsky, Yuri, 22 Filippov, Dmitry, 187 Filippov, Pyotr, 129,133 Finland, 186, 228, 234,310-12,372, 521 (see also: Turku) Fonda, Jane, 202 Ford, Henry, 662 Foreign Agent designation, 540, 638, 643-4 Fox, Samantha, 210 Fradkov, Mikhail, 468-70, 473, 488, 490-91, 515 France, 141,150-52,160, 204, 213, 252-3, 270, ЗЗІ, 398, 401, 412, 423, 436, 542, 554, 557, 592, 595 and NATO,
236, 424-6,378, 608 and Chechnya, 288, 299,302 and Iraq War, 382,399, 569 and gas dispute, 410 and Georgia, 424-6, 500-501 and Libya, 526,589 National Front, 552 and Syria, 555,557,589 and Ukraine, 424-6, 571,574, 583, 649 and Navalny, 639 Fridman, Mikhail, 362,517 Fried, Dan, 405 Frolov, Colonel Mikhail, 90 FSB, 212, 265, 278,320,392, 459, 466-7, 486, 540 under Yeltsin, 256-9, 262-3, 267, 269-70 URPO, 260-61 and 1999 apartment bombings 4-14, 22,316 and MI6, 10, 302, 402 and Chechnya, 335-6 Dubrovka and Beslan, 339, 347,349,351 and Yukos, 357,359,361 exchanges intelligence with CIA, 365, 379,385 and murder of Litvinenko, 413-14 cybersecurity department, 596-7 APT29 (Cozy Bear) hacking group, 597 and arrest of Ulyukayev, 618-19 and Navalny, 639-41 (see also: FSK.) FSK, 180,189,191 Fulbright, Senator William, 280 Fursenko, Andrei, 200
837 INDEX Fursenko, Sergei, 200 and EU, 500-501, 506-7 Fyodorov, Boris, 126,163,168 and NATO, 423-5, 427-8, and Gazprom, 455-7 G7/G8, 159,232,271,385,599,610 Gleneagles (2005), 401-2 497-8,502 Russo-Georgian War (2008), 495-503, 568, 582, 597, 663 as warning to Ukraine, 571 St Petersburg (2006), 403-4 Geremeyev, Ruslan, 615 Heiligendamm (2007), 421 Geremeyev, Suleiman, 614-15 Lough Erne (2013), 557 Germany, 15,161,190-91, 202, 207, 239, 313, Russia expelled, 581 G20, London (2009), 510 St Petersburg (2013), 557-8, 566 Brisbane (2014), 585 Gaddafi, Muammar, 525-6, 528 317, 337, 355, 398, 4°i, 407, 412, 414, 416, 421, 423, 452, 482, 484, 523, 545, 630 and World War II, 19, 24, 28-33,5L 65, 392, 434, 436, 439-40, 500, 554, 579Ո, 664, 667 Gaidar, Yegor, 151,154,170-1,173, 233 and Sobchak, 141,150 Galeotti, Mark, 450 Gantserov, Dmitry, 66-8 and Putin, 38, 48, 53, 87-9, 91-3, 95-119, Gates, Robert, 238, 419 Gazprom, 248, 253, 471, 485, 617 and Putin’s family, 164-7,180, 243,245, and NTV, 319-20,326,333, 349 and Leningrad/St Petersburg, 151,155, and Yukos, 405-6 196-7 economic relations, 213, 234,463-4, 478, proposed merger with Rosneft, 405 gas wars, 409-11 126,177,193,199, 201, 203 249, 258, 262 508, 622, 646-7, 659 Putin takes control, 455-7, 471, 473-4 gas agreement with Ukraine, 521 and NATO, 235, 237, 239,378, 424-6, and Turkey, 593 and Chechnya, 284, 288 Gelendzhik (‘Putin’s Palace’), 474, 531, 642-3 608, 659 and Iraq war, 382, 399, 569 and Libya, 526 Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 545 and Syria, 555, Georgia, 22,113,132,135η, 140,152, 224, and Ukraine, 570-71,574, 649 387-8
Abkhazia, 231,387-91, 417, 423, 425-6, 495-6, 498 Russia recognises independence, 501-2,568 and Navalny, 639, 641-2 Gershman, Carl, 572 Gessen, Masha, 194 Gevorkyan, Natalya, 195 Gidaspov, Boris, 121,144 Adjara, 389-90 Gingrich, Newt, 22 South Ossetia, 231,387-91, 417-18, 423, Glasnost, 106, no-112 426, 495, 501, 558 war breaks out, 496-9, 663 Russia recognises independence, 501-2, 568 Glasser, Susan, 338 Glinka, Mikhail, 432-3 Gogol, Nikolai, 40 Golovko, Vasily, 126-7,164 presence of Russian troops, 285,390, Golts, Aleksandr, 11,14 417, 419 and Chechen insurgents, 388-90 Golubev, Valery, 192 Rose revolution, 388-9,397, 402 Golushko, Nikolai, 256 and United States, 389, 411,417, 445, Gonzales, Elián, 317 495-7, 499,5θ6, 558, 654, 663 Golunov, Ivan, 645 Goodman, Andrew, 234-5
8з8 PUTIN Goodwill Games (St Petersburg, 1994), 180, 202, 545 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 74,134-5, 151, i59, շւ6, 225, 292,326, з66,380,388, 4II, 438, 453, 605, 665 baptism, 371 and perestroika, 106-15,181,301 and NATO enlargement, 235-6, 238-9 becomes President, 128 and August 1991 putsch, 142-3, 145,148-9 and break-up of Soviet Union, 139-42, 149,152, 223,386, 471 resignation, 152-3 in retirement, 333, 533 Gorbachev, Raisa, 216 Gore, Al, 161, 234,302,368 Gorokhova, Yelena, 43 Gosnell, Jack, 151,165,185 Grachev, General Pavel, 173, 212, 247 Greece, 274,502,588 Greenpeace, activists freed, 545 Gref, German, 197, 286, 291, 293,358, 458,462 Gromov, Aleksei, 356 GRU [Military Intelligence], 96,162, 269, 505, 594 assassinates Yandarbiyev, 343, 416 APT28 (Fancy Bear) hacking group, 597 attempts to murder Skripal, 603-4, 620 Gryaznova, Yelena, 48 Guigou, Elizabeth, 167 Gunvor, 473-4 Gurevich, Vera Dmitrievna, 38, 40, 47-8, 54,70,162, 538 Gusinsky, Vladimir, 214, 248-9, 268,316-20, 32.6, 332, 349, 354, 357, 362, 364 Guy, John, 239 Hadley, Steve, 425-8, 499, 654 Hahnemann, 'Big Helga', too Halonen, Tarja, 521-2 Halter, Marek, 167 Havel, Václav, 236 Hay, Dame Barbara, 150,161,163,168 Hayden, General Michael, 600 Hayward, Tony, 416 Heusgen, Christoph, 477-8,570 Hezbollah, 589 Hill, Fiona, 93 Hirdman, Sven, 464-5 Hitler, Adolf, 443,579, 603 war with Russia, 29, 65, 436, 439, 581, 663 and Sudetenland, 596 Hober, Kaj, 64 Hofstadter, Richard, 14 Hollande, François, 557, 595 and Ukraine, 583,586-7 Honecker, Erich, 105, no, 113-14 Hu Jintao, 498 Hungary, 37, in, 113-15,132,160, and NATO, 271
illiberal democracy, 466 Fidesz and Jobbik parties, 552 Huntington, Samuel, 442 Hussein, Saddam, 365, 381-3, 399, 498-9, 590, 595, 498-9, 501, 590, 595 overthrown, 501, 525, 528 Illarionov, Andrei, 154, 259-60,313-15, 448-9, 462, 476, 514-15 resigns, 473 Ilyin, Ivan, 443-5, 552 Ilyumzhinov, Kirsan, 513 Ilyushin, Viktor, 217 India, 419, 526, 610 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 232 International Space Station, cooperation with Russia, 560, 581 Inter-Regional Deputies’ Group, 120, ւշ8,135 Ioffe, Olimpiad, 65 Iran, 15, 280,365-6,381, 421-2, 483, 567, 589, 609 nuclear programme, 510, 560-61 Iraq, 15, 365-6, 373, 380-83, 385, 397, 42°, 4շ9, 499-500, 503, 529, 581, 588-9, 594, 662 ISIS (Islamic State, Daesh), 588-92, 594-5 Israel, 65, 249,361, 483, 588, 590 Intifada, 340,365 Italy, 42, 401,410, 412, 496, 649 and NATO, 236, 525-6 Ivankov, Vyacheslav (’Yaponchik’), 181 Ivanov, Igor, 267, 274,365, 478 Ivanov, Sergei, 86, 258, 538, 576, 635
INDEX Secretary, Security Council, 291,378 Defence Minister, 330,343, 469, 488-9, 504-5 First deputy Prime Minister, 490 competes with Dmitry Medvedev to succeed Putin, 488, 490-91 Ivanov, Viktor, 180, 355,361,442 Deputy Head, Presidential Administration, 291, 458,505 Ivashov, General Leonid, 273 Jabhat al֊Nusra, 556, 591 Jackson, General Mike, 272-3 Japan, 380, 463, 664 Jiang Zemin, 367 Johnson, Boris, 15, 652 Jordan, 588 Jordan, Boris, 349-50 Jospin, Lionel, 398 Judo, 38, 40, 59, 61,182, 617 ՛ Julien, Marlène, 204 Kabayeva, Alina, 481, 650 Kachalova, Diana, 311-12 Kadyrov, Ahmad, 301,335 acting President of Chechnya, 342 elected, then assassinated, 344-5 Kadyroy Ramzan, 342, 493, 583, 650 appointed Chechen first deputy Prime Minister, 345 and murder of Anna Politkovskaya, 484-5 and murder of Boris Nemtsov, 613-17,620 protected by Putin, 485, 615, 625 persecutes homosexuals, imposes sharia law, 616 Kaganovich, Lazar, 37 Kalela, Jaakko, 1Ճ2-3,312-13 Kalinin, Colonel, 96-7,106 Kaliningrad, 81-2, 97,145,178,306,311 and NATO encirclement, 271, 509 Kalugin, Oleg, 29,50, 80,104,131 Kalyuzhny, Viktor, 451 Kanõjigorõ, 60 Karasev, General Feliks, 86,108 Karimov, Islam, 390 Kartofelnikov, Aleksei, 4-5 Kasparov, Garry, 530 839 Kasyanov, Mikhail, 291,307,314, 616 and Khodorkovsky affair, 357-8 as Prime Minister, 451-2, 458-9,462, 470-71, 549 dismissed, 467-9 at protest demonstrations, 533 Katyn, 134 Kazakov, Aleksandr, 253 Kazakhstan, in, 142·, 231,301, 651 and Eurasian Economic Community, 390,569 Kazantsey General Viktor, 338 Kelly, Megyn, 604 Kelton, Mark, to Kemal Ataturk, 592
Kendall, Bridget, 315, 318 Kennedy, John, 42 Kennan, George, 236 Kerensky, Aleksandr, 173 Kerry, John, 580,595 Ketchum Inc., 412, 497 KGB, 4,12,18, 29-30, 33,120,137,176-9, 259, 292,370, 459 Fifth Directorate, 51,116,177, 478 Red Banner Institute, 86-91, 96,104 and August 1991 putsch, 142, 144,148-9 (see also: Cheka, NKVD, and Putin [in the KGB]) Khakamada, Irina, 337 Kharchenko, Oleg, 197 Kharchenko, Viktor, 191,204, 217 Khasbulatov, Ruslan, 171-4, 228 Khashoggi, Jamal, 604 Khattab, 13,336,374 Khizha, Georgy, 152,154,169-70,175, 296 Khmarin, Viktor, 55-6, 76, 81 Khmarina, Lyudmila, 76, 8o֊8i Khodorkovsky, Mikhail, 321,354, 458,554, 634, 642 Open Russia Foundation, 355 political aims, 355-7, 359 accuses Sechin of taking kickbacks, 358, 473 plans for China pipeline, 359 arrest and imprisonment, 361-2, 405,407, 470, 477,516,543, 617, 643 pardoned, 545, 568 (see also: Yukos)
8до PUTIN Khokholkov, General Yevgeny, 260-61 Kholmanskikh, Igor, 538-9 Khramtsov, Vice Admiral Viktor, 144 Khristenko, Viktor, acting Prime Minister, 467 Khrulyov, General Anatoly, 504 Khrushchev, Nikita, 34,38, 41, 63,146,302, 438, 664, 666 denounces Stalin, 36-7,51 and Cuban Missile crisis, 42, 274, 609 and Crimea, 230,575, 579 dismissed, 42-3, 49-50,146 Khryshtanovskaya, Olga, 353 Kim Jong-Il, 365 King Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden, 463-4 King, Larry, 330 Kirill, Patriarch, 541-2,550 Kiriyenko, Sergei, 253, 257-9, 267, 269, 287, 292 Kirosheyev, Pyotr, 191 Kirov, Sergei, 134, 483 Kiselyov, Yevgeny, 316,333,350 Kissinger, Henry, 160,355,394 Kitt, Eartha, 550 Klebanov, Ilya, 326-7, 331 Klyuchevsky, Vasily, 445, 553 Kobzon, Iosif, 338,393 Kohl, Helmut, 115,119,161, 235, 267, 398, 630 Koivisto, Mauno, 228 Kokh, Alfred, 121,157,169, 209,306,319 Kolesnikov, Andrei (Kommersant), 329 Korea, North, 15, 365-6,381,421-2, 463, 509, 561, 609 Korea, South, 463,585 Korzhakov, Aleksandr, 212-14, 216, 250, 256 Koshmarov-Trubetskoi, Aleksei, 216, 218-19 Kosovo, 271-4, 288,301-2, 408, 417, 423, 579-80, 607, 655, 663 and Georgian War, 495, 501-2 as precedent for annexation of Crimea, 579-80, 607 Kovalchuk, Yuri, 200, 473 Kovalyov, Nikolai, 256-8, 260 Kovtun, Dmitry, 414 Kozak, Dmitry, 241, 292 Head, Prime Minister’s Office, 291 and Ukraine, 647 Kozhukov, Mikhail, 296 Kozyrev, Andrei, 234, 238, 280 Kramarev, Arkady, 145-6,148 Krasnyansky, Valery, 184 Kravchuk, Leonid, 115 Krenz, Egon, 114-15 Krupskaya, Nadezhda, 23, 27, 66 Kryuchkov, Vladimir, 142-3, i47, 149,178 Kuchma, Leonid, 228,
387,391-2,396 Kudrin, Aleksei, 175,196, 215, 218-19, 244, 254, 291, 635 first deputy Finance Minister, 246, 259-60 Finance Minister, 448-9, 458, 469,549 at protest demonstration, 533 Kukly, 317 Kulikov, Anatoly, 213, 217 Kulkov, Colonel Aleksandr, 89, 92,101,106 Kumarin, Vladimir, 185,187-8,197, 484 Kunayev, Dinmukhamed, in Kurds, 556,589 Kurkov, Anatoly, 144,148 Kurkova, Bella, 133 Kuroyedov, Admiral Vladimir, 324,327-8 Kursk disaster, 324-31,348 Kvashnin, General Anatoly, 272, 278, 283, 462 Kyrgyzstyan, 374 Tulip Revolution, 397 Laar, Mart, 138 Lake, Anthony, 236 Larsson, Stieg, 600-601 Latvia, 45, 88,139,451 and NATO, 239,302,378 Russian diaspora, 391, 408 Latynina, Yulia, 584 Lavrov, Sergei, 404, 428, 499,502,509, 526, 564, 592, 658 Lebanon, 588, 592 Lebed, General Aleksandr, 7, 253-4 Lebedev, Platon, 360-61,516 Lenchen (KGB Dresden secretary), 97-8 Lenin, Vladimir, 18, 23, 27,36-7, 42, 63-4, 5°, 55, 63, 66, 69,125, 233, 236, 433, 444,636
84i INDEX mausoleum, 120, 222, 235, 434-5 splitting the Russian Empire, 223, 231, 627 Leningrad siege of, 29-32 ’Leningrad Affair, 33, 76 Free Enterprise Zone, 137-8,160 renamed St Petersburg, 141 1991-1992 food crisis, 150-51,154-5 Economic expansion, 159-60 (see also: St Petersburg) Lenkov, Dmitry, 140 Lensoviet, 128-35,140-41,144,146-8, 150, 208 (see also: Petrosoviet and ZakSobranie) Leontief, Wassily, 210 Leppä, Juhani, 149,167-8,198 Leshchev, Colonel Yuri, 89,101,103 Lesin, Mikhail, 316, 319,35°, 641 Libya, 525-9, 555-6, 558-9,585,589, 607, 663 Libby, Irve Lewis ‘Scooter, 235,371 Ligachev, Yegor, 108,121 Limonov, Eduard, 533 Lincoln, Abraham, 444 Linkov, Ruslan, 135 Lippert, Wolfgang, too Lipponen, Osmo, 242 Lisitsyn, Anatoly, 470 Lithuania, 142,145, 410, 572, 577 Independence movement, 139-40 and Russian gas supply, 410 and Ukraine, 577 Litvinenko, Aleksandr, 14, 260-62 supports Chechen cause, 412, 415 claims Putin is a paedophile, 415 murder, 412-17, 485, 534, 620, 640-41 Litvinovich, Marina, 325-6 Livanov, Dmitry, 564 Lollobrigida, Gina, 209 Loskutov, Vladimir, 487 Luch, 112-13 Lugar, Richard, 384 Lugovoi, Andrei, 413-14, 614 Luhansk, 395, 583-4,586-7, 655 Lukashenko, Aleksandr, 2,387, 411, 651 Lukin, Vladimir, 379-80,564 Lukyanov, Anatoly, 128,142-3 Lukyanov, Fyodor, 650 Lund, Douglas, 518 Lurye, Lev, 24, 73 Luzhkov, Yuri, 275, 287, 296,307,393, 470, 490 opposes Yeltsin, 2, 8, 210, 250, 257, 268 supports Crimean independence, 230 fired by Medvedev, 513-15,525 bans Gay Pride parades, 550 Lyra, Markus, 262, 270 Macron, Emmanuel, 15, 595, 639-40 Madonna, 542, 550
Magnitsky, Sergei, 515-17, 641 US Magnitsky Act, 561-5, 607 Major, John, 235 Makarov, General Nikolai, 506 Makashov, Albert, 265-6 Makhachkala, 12 Malaysia, 460, 584-5 Malenkov, Georgy, 33-4,37 Mali, 558,592 Malta, 590 Malyshev, Valery, 216 Malyshev, Vladimir, 182,185 Mandela, Nelson, 642 Manevich, Mikhail, 169, 218, 241 Mansky, Vitaly, 315, 318,327,355-6 Marx, Karl, 50, 56, 627 Maskhadov, Aslan, 276, 284,301,336,341, 343, 349,384 Matveyev, Colonel Lazar, 92, 96-8, tot, 104-8,112,116,122 Matlock, Jack, 142,151,236,603 Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 318 McCain, Senator John, 15, 93, 370,394, 420, 508 McCarthy, Senator Joe, 602 McCartney, Paul, 542 McDougal, Jim, 280 McFaul, Michael, 370, 523, 559, 602 McIntosh, Sir Ronald, 571 Media restrictions, 259,300, 316-20, 331-5, 349-52, Յ62-Յ, 407, 447, 530-31, 547, 624, 638, 645, 659-60
842. PUTIN Medvedev, Dmitry, Miller, Aleksei, 202,457-8, 617 adviser to Sobchak, 135-7,196 Mirilashvili, Misha, 197, 250 deputy head, Presidential Mironov, Sergei, 537 Administration, 291,307, 458-9 Chairman of Gazprom, 455-6 Mishustin, Mikhail, appointed Prime Minister, 635 First deputy Prime Minister, 488-9 Mitina, Viktoria, 253-4 rivalry with Sergei Ivanov to succeed Mitterrand, François, 235 Putin, 488-91 as President, 518,546-8, 556 Mobutu, Sese Seko, 475 Modrow, Hans, 105,115-16,119 relations with Putin, 493-4, 511-12, Mogilevich, Semyon, 521 514-15,521-2,527-8,530,535, 652 and Russo-Georgian war, 498, 500-501, Molander, Johan, 463-4 508-9 military reform, 505,512 Molotov, Vyacheslav, 37 and United States, 508-12, 522,553,561, Morozov, Pavel, 43 604, 607 Molchanov, Yuri, 127 Morell, Michael, 475-6 Moussaoui, Zacarias, 374-5 tightens control over regions, 512-14 clips wings of Igor Sechin, 514 Mubarak, Hosni, 525, 528 his liberalism an illusion, 515-17,529-30 Murov, Yevgeny, 486-7, 617 detested by siloviki, 527 Mussorgsky, Modest, 46 possibility of second term, 514, 520, Muti, Ornella, 519 523-4 and Arab Spring, 525-7,555-6,585 Mutko, Vitaly, 621 agrees to become Putin’s Prime Myanmar, 616 Minister, 528-9 proposes Putin's candidacy, 529-30 Mylnikov, Boris, 92, 96,104,107 fails to tackle corruption, 531 Nagorno-Karabakh, in, 231, 247, as Prime Minister, 619, 631 sidelined politically, 548-9 corruption allegations, 621-2 and pension reform, 632 resigns, 635 Meduza.ru, 644 Memorial, 644 Meri, Lennart, 228-9 Merkel, Angela, 401, 464, 506-7, 545, 565, 595,616,657 ‘dog
incident’, 477-8 at Bucharest summit, 425-6, 608 and Ukraine, 570-72, 577,586-7 Merkuriev, Stanislav, 135 Meyerhold, Vsevolod, 624 Michnik, Adam, 432 Middle East, 649 Mielke, Erich, по-ш Mikhalkov, Nikita, 443 Mikhalkov, Sergei, 433, 443 Miloševič, Slobodan, 272, 288,365,502, 598 Mullah Omar, 341 Myachin, Viktor, 200 391, 594 Napoleon (Bonaparte), 310,536, 554, 663 Narusova, Lyudmila (m. Sobchak), 130, 133,188, 201, 207-8,306 and Duma election, 215 and St Petersburg city election, 216-18 and Sobchak’s arrest, 251-2 Naryshkin, Sergei, 493,525 Nashi [Kremlin youth movement], 404,559 NATO, 102, 271, 301-2, 377-9, 383, 408, 421-3, 536, 569-70, 572·, 580-1, 591-2, 594, 599, 605, 648, 657-8 Enlargement, 235-9, 271, 274,301,362, 365, 371-2, 377-8, 385, 397, 419, 424-9, 497-8, 502, 510, 560, 570-72, 579, 582, 587, 607-10, 652-6, 658, 662—4 in Yugoslavia, 271-4, 288, 295, 301, 423,502
INDEX NATO-Russia Council, 378,385, 581, 595 Bucharest summit (2008), 425-6, 502, 507, 568, 571, 608 in Libya, 526-8 and Donald Trump, 599 Navalny, Aleksei, 532-3, 536, 554, 643 expelled by Yabloko, 532 dubs United Russia the ‘party of crooks and thieves’, 531, 535 organises protests, 532-4, 628 and KirovLes case, 543, 628, 643 in Moscow City elections (2013), 544 excluded from subsequent elections, 624, 628-9 and Yves Rocher case, 546, 643 as Putin’s bête noire, 543, 546, 639-40, 657 and Anti-Corruption Foundation, 621-2, 638, 644 and 'smart voting’, 638, 643, 649 attempted murder, 638-42 (draws minimal response from the West), 641, 646 imprisonment and hunger strike, 643 Navalny, Oleg, 546 Nazarbayev, Nursultan, 390, 651 Nazdratenko, Yevgeny, 451, 472 'Near Abroad’, 229-32, 235, 386-97 Nechayev, Andrei, 154 Nemtsov, Boris, 246-9, 251, 267, 269, 296, 326,530 alleged conspiracy to unseat Putin, 468, 549 at protest demonstrations, 533,546 murdered, 612-15, 617, 620, 641 Nevala, Seppo, 262 Nevzlin, Leonid, 360-61 Nevzorov, Aleksandr, 134 Nicholson, Jack, 443 Nikiforova, Natalya, 214, 269 Nikolayey Sasha, 72 Nixon, Richard, 160,366, 657, 666 Niyazov, Saparmurat (Turkmenbashi), 390-1, 651 NKVD, 30,37, 68, 74-6,118,134, 437, 624 (see also: KGB) Norway 13, 284,311 and Kursk disaster, 324,326,328 843 Nosyrev, General Danni, 69-70, 73 Novichok, used against Skripal, 603-4 against Navalny, 639 Novo-Ogaryovo, 377, 441,522, 657 Novy mir, 37, no, 128 NTV, 5,326 as an independent channel, 214, 221, 248 brought under state control, 316-20,333, 349-50, 535 Nuland, Victoria, 571-2, 645
Obama, Barack, 21-2, 502, 599, 601, 646 and Medvedev, 508-12,517,521-2, 524, 527,553,561, 604, 607 agreement with Russia on Iran, 510 and Putin, 511,555,560-61,566-7,589 uncertain who has power in the ‘tandem’, 511-12,515,522 and NATO operation in Libya, 526, 529, 589 dismisses Russia as ‘regional power’, 580,596, 648 and Syria, 555-9,588-90, 594 and Ukraine, 571, 577, 580-81 and 2016 election, 596-7 and reciprocal expulsions of diplomats, 603 Obolensky, Princess Aleksandra, 23 OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development), 581 Ogonyok, no, 128, 246 Okhrana, 101 Okudzhava, Bulat, 48 Oligarchs, 352, 400, 429,545, 622 under Yeltsin, 194, 214, 248-9, 259, 268-9, 277, 281, 286, 662 Putin brings to heel, 316,319-23,333, 353-62, 448, 470 a new class of magnates, 473-5 Olsson, Hans, 306 Olympic Games Beijing (2008), 495, 498-9,545 Moscow (1980), 544 Sochi (2014), 543-5, 566, 568, 574,576 drugs scandal, 621 Oneksimbank, 248-9, 253
844 PUTIN Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), 227-8, 237, 419, 534, 583 Election monitors (in Russia), 394, 466,537 (in Ukraine), 394, 466 Observers in Georgia, 496-7 Orwell, George, no Owen, Sir Robert, 415 Pakhomov, Anatoly, 155-6,158 Pakistan, 374, 560, 592 Palin, Sarah, 22 Palmerston, Lord, 667 Pamfilova, Yelena, 310 Panama Papers, 475-6 Parties, Communist (Soviet) 1,18,34, 42-3, 50, 120,139,149,179, 209, 245, 253-4, 260, 437 Komsomol, 41, 46, 49, 51, 56, 76,122,125, 133,137,182 Leningrad regional committee, 19,55, 133,144,161,212 Communist (Russian), 211, 286, 292,356, 378, 466, 469, 492, 530-31, 629 - denounces monetisation of social benefits, 470 ֊ abstains on 2020 constitutional amendments, 636 Drugaya Rossiya [Other Russia], 530 Just Russia, 492-3, 531-2, 537 Liberal Democratic, 211, 265-6, 292,307, 378, 466, 492, 530-31 Luzhkov-Primakov bloc [Fatherland-All Russia], 2, 7, 286, 292,316,332,356 Nash Dom Rossiya [Our Home is Russia], 215, 243 Rodina [Motherland], 466 Solidarnost, 530 Union of Right Forces [Right Cause], 287, 292,338,356, 493, 530 United Russia, 356, 465-6, 492-4,529, 531-2,535 Yabloko, 263, 266-7, 286, 292,307,338, 356, 493 Yedinstvo [Unity], 281, 285-7, 292,323, 356 Pasternak, Boris, no Patrushev, Nikolai, 258, 269, 293, 320,355, 361, 401, 442, 458, 635 and apartment bombings, 4, 6,11-12 Head of Main Control Directorate, 255 FSB Director, 278,332,346, 468, 486-7 and September 11 attacks, 372-3 view of the West, 384, 429, 610 and Litvinenko's murder, 415 Secretary of the Security Council, 576, 614 Pavlov, Valentin, 142-3
Pavlov, Valery, 122,133,136-7,162, 355 Pavlovsky, Gleb, 11,121, 252, 258, 266-7, 273, 275, 29°, 307, 44θ-4ΐ, 462 and 1999 Duma election, 281-3, 285-6, 296-7 and media, 318 and Kursk disaster, 324 and 2003 Ukraine election, 393 and Medvedev's campaign for a second term, 524,527,549 fired by Putin, 548 Peipus (Lake), 30,193 Perestroika, 106,109-12,139,149,159, 231, 235, 354, 440, 553 Perry, William, 236 Persson, Göran, 464-5 Pertsev, Andrei, 644 Peskov, Dmitry, 639-40 Petrosoviet, 156,168,170-72,174,176, 191, 209 (see also: Lensoviet and ZakSobranie) Petrov, Boris, 146 Petrov, Gennady, 188 Philotheus, 626 Pichugin, Aleksei, 360-61 Pickering, Tom, 165, 234-5 Pierpoint Morgan, John, 662 Pietsch, Irene, 203, 244, 247, 249, 258 Piguzov, Vladimir, 87 Pinochet, General Augusto, 397 Pipes, Richard, 236 Podesta, John, 597 Pokhrovsky, Sergei, 162,194 Politkovskaya, Anna, 338,351, 484-5, 534, 613, 617, 640-41 Poland, 37, in, 113,115,132,134,160, 500, 577, 662
INDEX and NATO, 271, 425, 509, 604, 658 and Iraq War, 382 and Russian gas, 410 and NMD, 422, 507,604 illiberal democracy, 466 and Ukraine, 574, 577 Polokhov, Leonid, 128 Pominovo, 18, 20 Pope, Edmond, 368-9 Popov, Gavriil, 139,141-3, 210 Popov, Admiral Vyacheslav, 331 Poroshenko, Petr, 583, 586-7, 597, 652 Potanin, Vladimir, 248 Potapenko, Dmitry, 183 Potemkin, Prince Grigory, 311-12, 645 Powell, General Colin, 371, 407 Powell, Jonathan, 302,312,403, 415-16 Pozner, Vladimir, 221 Pravyi Sektor, 574 Prelin, Colonel Igor, 90 Prigozhin, Yevgeny, 594,597 Prikhodko, Sergei, 428, 477 Primakov, Yevgeny, 269, 292, 307,356, 420 and Yeltsin, 1-2, 260, 265-7 and Putin, 262-3, 275, in 1999 Duma elections, 7-8, 281, 285-7, 316,323,332 Prince Charles, 160 Prince, Erik, 594 Procter and Gamble, 127 Prodi, Romano, 401, 464, 570 Prokhorov Mikhail, 537, 629 Proshin, Leonid, 217 Protest demonstrations, 333,389, 489, 508 during break-up of Soviet bloc, in, 114-16,121,139-40 in 1990s, 134,154, 257 in Ukraine, 394,573-4, 579 against monetization of social benefits, 470-71 after 2011 Duma elections, 531-5,538-40, 544-7, 596 against pension reform, 632-3 protests effectively banned, 638, 644, 659 Pugachev, Sergei, 264,312,358, 441 Pugo, Boris, 142-3,149 Pushkin, Aleksandr, 46,360, 434, 611 Pussy Riot, 540-43,545, 551, 564, 568, 625 845 Putin, Albert Vladimirovich [brother], 19 Putin, Ivan Petrovich [great-grandfather], 18 Putin, Katerina Vladimirovna (Katya) [daughter], 99, 201-2, 245,324 Putin, Lyudmila (née Shkrebneva), 180, 244, 295 courtship and marriage, 81-6, 89-90 in Dresden, 95, 97-9 return
to Leningrad, 106,124,126-7 life in St Petersburg, 164,180,198-9, 201 injured in car accident, 201-3, 542 life in Moscow, 245, 247, 291 foreign travel, 249-50, 257 on Putin’s appointment at FSB Chief, 257-8 on Putin's appointment as acting President, 288-9, 293 as First Lady, 311-13,324 divorce, 650 Putin, Maria Ivanovna (née Shelomova) [mother], 18-22, 26-7, 29,35,39, 47, 55, 58, 76, 84, 86, in World War II, 31-2 relations with daughter-in-law, 82, 89 baptism of son, 370 Putin, Maria Vladimirovna (Masha) [daughter], 90, 95, 97-9, 245,324 Putin, Spiridon Ivanovich [grandfather], 18, 20-21,37-8, 66, 68 Putin, Vera Nikolayevna, 22 Putin, Viktor Vladimirovich [brother] 19-20, 29,31, 46 Putin, Vladimir Spiridonovich [father], 17-20, 22, 26-7, 29,32-3,35-6, 40, 47, 55, 58,76, 84, 86, 276,370 in World War II, 30-31,37 Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich, 11,15-16 Childhood, 17-18, 20-28,34 and legacy of World War II, 28-32, 65 communal living, 34-6, 46,55,76 Adolescence, 38, 40-47 and judo, 38-40, 45, 49,53-4, 56, 59-61, 70, 80, 93-4,181, 473 family dacha (Pustomerzha), 44 (Tosno), 57-8, 74,106,127 and Young Pioneers and Komsomol, 41-3, 45-6, 49-50, 56-7, 76
846 PUTIN Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich, - conťd. at Leningrad Law Faculty, 52-4,55-9, 61-5 owns an automobile, 58-9, 77, 82, 85 In the KGB, 92-4,137,162,164, 298, 382, 478 efforts to join, 52-3, 61, 65-8 at Leningrad Regional Directorate, 69-81, 83-94,126 in Dresden, 92, 95-113,115-119 assigned to Sobchak, 119,121-3,127-8, 130-31 supposed resignation, 176-9,180-81 with Sobchak (1990-1996), 209, 219, 222, 228, 231, 258, 298, 448 as personal assistant, 133-5 sees off rivals, 136-7,168-71,175 and Estonia, 138,180, 224-8 negotiates with deputies, 140-41, 215 and August 1991 putsch, 144-5,147-9 and 'food scandal’, 151-9 head of Foreign Relations Committee, 150,159-62,168 liaison with security services, 161,179-80 and gambling establishments, 161,196-7 relations with foreigners, 160-6,172, 174,189-90 deputy and first deputy Mayor, 170,175 and organised crime, 181,184-8,197-8 and corruption, 190,192-7 persecution of Yuri Shutov, 204-6 dislike of party politics, 214 1996 city elections, 215, 217-18, 220, 243 relations with Yakovlev, 241-2, 250 doctoral thesis, 242-3 Kremlin official (1996-1999), 243-5 General Affairs Office, 245 Head, Main Control Directorate, 246-8 illicit income, 250 and Sobchak’s flight to France, 251-3, 267 First deputy Head, Presidential Administration, 254 FSB chief, 4, 256-63, 265,267,269-70,441 Secretary of the Security Council, 4, 270-72, 423 and Yeltsin, 255, 257-8, 267-70, 272, 275-7 Prime Minister (1999), 4, 278-89 Acting President (2000), 7, 289 grants Yeltsin immunity, 290 forms new administration, 290-92 relations with Duma, 292 election campaign,
304-7 and war in Chechnya, 278, 281-5, 288, 291, 298, 302, 306, 313-14, 335-6 Dubrovka theatre siege, 336-40,347-9, 351, 384, 403, 483 Chechenisation policy, 335, 340-44 Beslan massacre, 345-9, 351-3,384-5, 400, 483, 552 President (2000-2008) and legacy of empire, 305,309-11, 315-16,322-3 ‘good tsar, bad boyars’, 350, 403, 477, 505, 622 nature of regime, 451-4, 457-60, 485, 487, 516 becomes increasingly remote, 477, 480 personality cult, 480 infighting among elite, 486-7, 489-90 assassination attempts and security measures, 482-3 political murders, Litvinenko killing, 415-17, 483-5 and bureaucracy, 453-4, 476-7 halts structural reforms, 454, 471-2 Prime Minister (2008-2012), 493-4 and Medvedev, 493-4,511-12, 514-15, 521-2,527-8,530, 535, 652 attacks business magnates, 517-18 maintains high profile, 519-20 will stand for re-election, 528 and middle class discontent, 530-34, 538 and protest demonstrations, 533-5 President (from 2012) as incarnation of the state, 537, 656 marginalises liberal politicians, 547-8, 665 sidelines Medvedev, 548-9 disengages from routine, 615, 618, 620, 624-5, 640, 650-51 and Navalny, 543, 546, 638-42, 657 sense of ennui, 630 considers possible transfer of power, 631,633-7, 642-3, 649-52, 654,660, 665
847 INDEX Policy: on Democracy, 233-4, 305, 442, 445 futility of communism, 108, 294, 431 need for strong centralised government, 223-4, 231, 240, 255-6, 295,316,322-3, Յ52-Յ, 362-3, 432, 445, 458 Russia to seek its own path, 294-5, 407, 443-4, 446-7 restrictions on media, 300, 316-20,331-5, 349-52, Յ62-3, 407, 447, 530-31, 547, 624, 638, 645, 659-60 authorises extrajudicial killings abroad, 342-Յ, 416 parliamentary system, 353, 623-4 growing influence of siloviki, 355-6, 427-8, 478-9,547-8, 610, 625, 665 restrictions on NGOs, 402-3, 416,540, 624, 638 and Russian identity, 432, 440-42, 445, 549, 551-2 and role of political parties, 446 (also 214-15, 280) and role of civil society, 446-7 'managed' and 'sovereign' democracy, 446,549 and role of the middle class, 446, 538-9 encourages policy debates in first term, 461-2 crushes political opposition, 538-43, 545-7, 624, 638, 645, 649 cracks down on demonstrations, 539-40, 545-6, 638, 644, 659 and Pussy Riot case, 541-2, 551, 564, 568, 625 generational differences, 553 designation of extremist and undesirable organisations, 624, 634, 638, 644 Russia not ready for democracy, 625-7 on conservative values patriotism, 432, 439-40, 442,554 Orthodox Church as pillar of state, 435, 440-42, 445, 541-2 spiritual and cultural traditions, 549-52 'non-traditional' sexual relations, 550-51, 634 accuses the West of abandoning Christianideals, 551 on social affairs, 469, 512, 666 Monetisation of social benefits (‘transport war'), 469-71 Pension reform, 631-4 on the economy market reforms, 108,150, 232-3, 294, 428, 442, 448, 471 role of
‘oligarchs’, 249,320-1,353-4, 357-63, 400, 447 fiscal conservatism, 448-9 and 'resource curse’, 472 on geopolitics collapse of USSR, 223,349, 386, 408-9, 627, 652-3, 656 importance of the 'Near Abroad', 229-32, 235,386-97 economic relations with the West, 232-3, 428 Russia’s place in the world, 235, 240, 295,304, 607 as part of Europe, 302,380, 429, 444՜5, 552-3, би, 664 . of Asia, 380, 444-5 . of 'the civilised world’, 442,567 and NATO, 239-40, 271, 295,302-3, 365, 369, 371-2, 377-9, 383,397, 408, 421-3, 425-9, 560, 571, 607-10, 648, 655-6, 658 persistence of Cold War attitudes in West, 303-4, 369,378,380,384, 411, 664 . . . and in Russia, 303-4,378-9, 442, 664 and Iraq War, 365-6,380-83,385,397, 429,500,529, 588-9, 607 accuses West of abetting terrorism, 384-5, 479-80 and Georgia, 417, 423-4, 495-503,52° and multipolarity, 419-20, 507, 607-8 conspiracy theories about the West, 479, 610 views EU as stalking horse for NATO, 569-70 wages Information War against the West, 597-8 predicts Arab Spring will sour, 525
8д8 PUTIN Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich, - cont’d. and Libya, 528-9, 555-6,558-9, 585, 589, 607 intervenes in Syria, 555-9,587-96,607, 663 and Ukraine, 15, 230-32,568-9,571-87, 647-8, 652-9, 665-7 seeks to undermine European Security architecture, 658, 660 on geopolitics - relations with the United States before Munich, 274,365-86,394-8, 404-8, 410-12, 417-8 Munich Security Conference speech (2007), 418-20, 463, 555, 585 after Munich, 420-23, 427-30, 442, 472, 478 views ŲS as declining power, 503,507, 558, 600, 610, 666 Obama's ‘reset' fails, 522-3, 526, 559-65 accuses US of fomenting unrest and election-meddling, 534-6 hostility towards America deepens, 563,567, 580, 585, 597-610, 625, 627 and Biden, 15, 647-9, 652-4, 658 and Soviet and Tsarist heritage attitude to Jews, 36, 95,107, 265, 268 restores Soviet anthem and imperial emblems, 432-4 refuses to close Lenin mausoleum, 434-5 anniversary of Bolshevik Revolution, 435, 627-8 view of Stalin, 434-9, 628 teaching of history, 438-9,551-4 importance of World War II, 24, 28-32, 46, 65, 439-40,554 Popularity, 286,331,396, 412, 468, 531, 623, 633, 643 Personality, secretive, 85,165-6,198-9, 204 thin-skinned, 169,199 shy, 166, 297, 465 inferiority complex, 55-6,137, ambitious, 106,137,199, 257 pragmatic, 94,163-4,166,181, 232, 292, 374, 391, 428, 432, 485, 615, 651 esteems loyalty, 176,180, 205, 209, 252, 457, 542, 548, 617, 620 mistrustful, 83, 94,137,165,195, 480 rebellious, 42-3,47-8, 89,166 takes risks, 46-7,53,58, 91, 98, 297 . . . but more often cautious, 135,170, 228, 231, 246, 272, 301, 396, 457 self-control, 40, 47,
59-60, 84, 94,164, 202-3,306, 476, 537 scorns weakness, 60-61, 279, 338,348, 415, 558, 654 hard-working, 106,167, 459-61, retentive memory, 38, 299, 302, 464-5 no use for small talk, 163 use of language, 199,278, 282-3,297, 341, 474 attitude to religion, 370-1, 440-42 attitude to money, 57,199-201, 474-6 sense of humour, 296, 463 hobbies, 461 Private life, 98 with Lyudmila Khmarina, 76, 8o-8t with Lyudmila Shkrebneva, 81-6, 89-90, 99, 203-4, 481 and Alina Kabayeva, 481-2 attitude to women, 45, 82-3, 90, 99, 167-8 Putinversteher, 15 Qatar, 343, 416,526,589, 618 Queen Elizabeth II, 160,188 Radiohead, 542 Ragimov, Ilham, 55-6,109,153 Rahmon, Emomali, 390 Raidla,Jüri, 251 Raikin, Arkady, 81 Rakhlin, Anatoly, 39-40, 47, 49,53-4,58-61, 70,107, 473 Rappaport, Baruch, 186 Rasputin, Grigory, 18,39 Ratnikov, Boris, 479 Reagan, Ronald, 15,366,397, 410-11, 600, 604-5, 647 Reiman, Leonid, 291 Rhodes, Ben, 522 Rice, Condoleezza, 369-72,374, Յ76,378,382 as Secretary of State, 407, 410, 417, 42·°, 422, 424-6, 497, 499,502 Richards, Francis, 238, 379
849 INDEX Ritter, Rudolf, 197 Robertson, Lord (George), 302-3,377 in Lensoviet, 129,131,133 and ’food ’scandal’, 156-8, Rodionov, General Igor, 247 Rogozin, Dmitry, 466 Sambo, see Judo Rogozin, General Georgy, 216 Samutsevich, Yekaterina, 541-2 Roizman, Yevgeny, 544 Rokhlin, General Lev, 257 Sanders, Bernie, 598 Roldugin, Sergei, 72, 77, 81, 89-91,166, 181,325 Romania, US forward base, 408,419,429 missile defence, 604 Samsonov, General Viktor, 143-7 Sarkozy, Nicolas, 401, 425-6, 557 and Russo-Georgian war, 500-501 Satsyuk, Volodymyr, 392 Saudi Arabia, 374,397,589, 667 Savenkov, Lev, 190-91 Savisaar, Edgar, 138, 225 Romney, Mitt, 561 Scarlett, Sir John, 10, 415 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 437 Scheffer, Jaap de Hoop, 425 Rosneft, 457, 473, 514-15 Schiffer, Claudia, 209 and Yukos, 357-9, 405-6, 462 Schroder, Gerhard, 284,398, 400-401 and Bashneft, 617-19 Sebag Montefiore, Simon, 547 Rossel, Eduard, 157,512 Rostropovich, Mstislav, 433, 550 RosUkrEnergo, 521 Sechin, Igor, 162, 245,373, 442, 458-9, 462, 635, 650 deputy Head, Presidential Administration, 291 Rotenberg, Arkady and Boris, 473-4, 521, 643 Rothschild, Lord (Jacob), 355 and Northern Oil deal, 358, 473 Roux, Marcel, 129 355—7 359-61, 405-6, 462, 516-17, 617 Chairman (later CEO) of Rosneft, 357, Royal Pakhoed, 188-9, 207 Rozhdestvensky, Dmitry, 318-19 Rumer, Eugene, 2-3 Rumsfeld, Donald, 239,371, 379, 429 and Khodorkovsky's imprisonment, 405, 457 514 and elite infighting, 486-7,489-91, Rurik, 129, 631 514-15, 576 reprimanded by Putin, 406, 514-15 Rushailo, Viktor, 5 view of the West, 384, 405-6, 429, 610 Russkoe Video, 197,
217-18,318-19 seizes Bashneft, 617-18 takes revenge on Ulyukaev, 618-20 Rust, Matthias, 112 Rutskoi, Aleksandr, 171-3, 228 Ryan, Charles, 163-4,169,195-6, 208 and Gazprom, 455-7 Ryazan, 4-8,11-12 Sechin, Inga, 486 Sedelmayer, Franz, 165-6,179,185,189-90, 194,243 Segal, Steven, 617 Rybkin, Ivan, 246, 466-7 Seleznyov Gennady, 7,10-11, 449 Seleznyov, Colonel-General Sergei, 234 Rydnik, Yuri, 216-17 Serbia, Rybakov, Yuli, 147 Ryzhkov, Vladimir, 529-30 and Kosovo, 271-2, 274, 288, 408, 423, Saakashvili, Mikheil, 389, 417, 423-4, (see also: Yugoslavia), 579-80, 655 426, 640 and Russo-Georgian war, 495-8, 500-502,507,558 Serdyukov, Anatoly, as Defence Minister, 505-6, 512,576, 659 Serebrennikov, Kirill, 624-5 Sadulayev, Abdul-Halim, 349 Sergeyev, Dmitry, 175 Sakharov, Andrei, 107,120,128, 566, 644 Sergeyev, Marshal Igor, 324,328,330, Salye, Marina, 147 365, 462
850 PUTIN Shadkhan, Igor, 167,318, 480 Shah, Sherman, 136 Shakrai, Sergei, 256 Shakirov, Raf, 352 Shaimiev, Mintimer, 275, 512 Shamalov, Nikolai, 200, 249-50, 473 Shalikashvili, General John, 236, 238 Sharogradskaya, Anna, 219 Shchekochikhin, Yuri, 483-6 Shchelkanov, Aleksandr, 129,132-4,140 Shcherbakov, Vice-Admiral Vyacheslav, 131,133,144,146-7,169, 209 marginalised, 170,172,175 Sheinwald, Sir Nigel, 399-401, 416, 477 Shevardnadze, Eduard, 139,143,388-9, 417 Shevchenko, Yuri, 201-2, 291,542 Shirokov, General Vladimir, 116 Shoigu, Sergei, 285-7, 470 and occupation of Crimea, 576-7 Shokin, Aleksandr, 619 Shpigun, General Gennady, 276 Shutov, Yuri, 133-4,136-7, 204-6 Shvidler, Yevgeny, 359 Sibneft, 332,359,361 Simmons, Keir, 641 Sinyavsky, Andrei, 49-50 Sipher,John, 598 Skoibeda, Vitaly, 144 Skripal, Sergei, 603-4, 620, 639 Skuratov, Yuri, 213, 217, 250-1, 262-5, 268 Sluzhba bezpeky Ukrayiny (SBU), 392 Smirnov, Anatoly, 184 Smirnov, Vladimir, 197, 200 Snowden, Edward, 565-7, 607 Sobchak, Anatoly, 65,120-22,128,139, 225, 241, 312, 448, 550 becomes Lensoviet Chairman, 128-30 elations with deputies, 131-4,140,171-2, 174-5, 209 and organised crime, 133,185-7,190-91, 483 elected Mayor, 140-141 and August 1991 putsch, 142-9 and 'food scandal', 150,156-8 relations with Yeltsin, 156,158,172,174, 211-12, 243, 251 and Yuri Shutov, 204-6 and First Chechen War, 209, 212 and religion, 440 view of the West, 232-4 alienates those around him, 209, 452 and corruption, 204, 207-8, 212,355 subject of criminal investigation, 217-18, 251-2 1996 city elections, 211, 213-20,318 flight to France,
252, 542 death and funeral, 306, 482-3 Sobchak, Ksenia, 149, 252 at protest demonstrations, 533 detained, 540-41 as candidate for presidency, 629 Sobornost, 432, 445 Sobyanin, Sergei, 493, 525, 628 Solana, Javier, 464 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 37, no, 141,318, 432, 439 Solovyov, Vladimir, 445, 552 Somoza, Anastasio, 397 Sonntag, Rainer, 102, 706 n 46 Sorge, Richard, 75 Soros, George, 248,355 Soskovets, Oleg, 212, 256 Soviet Union disintegration of, in-15,125,138-40, 152, 236 economic and social collapse, 124-5.150 beginnings of private enterprise, 181-2 end of Communist Party’s leading role, 128,134 ceases to exist, 153 Spain, 150, 274,294,319,331, 412·, 502,590. 649 Springsteen, Bruce, 542 St Petersburg Social and economic collapse in 1990s, 182-3, 210-11 Petersburg Fuel Company (PFC), 187, 196-7 St Petersburg Real Estate Holding Company (SPAG), 196-7 (see also: Leningrad) Stalin, Joseph, 26,30, 38, 43,59, 63, 66, 68, 173,370, 437-8, 450, 480, 482-3, 524, 547, 666 repression, 9, 32-4, 36-7, 51,57,73-6, no, 118,134, 434, 436-7, 443, 554, 616, 624, 642 and wartime leadership, 435-6
INDEX Stankevich, Sergei, 121 Starovoitova, Galina, 135,197, 265 Stasi [East German State Security], 95-100, 104,107, no, 112-13,116-19,123,126 Steele, Christopher, dossier on Trump, 601-2 Steffens, Lincoln, 184 Stepanov, Albert, 186 Stepashin, Sergei, 3, 255, 265, 452, 462 as Prime Minister, 266-70, 275, 277-8, 316, 491 Stewart, James, 568 Stiernlöf, Sture, 164,174, 206-7 Sting, 542 Stolypin, Pyotr, 23, 449, 483 Stone, Sharon, 519 Strategie Defence Initiative (SDI), 366, 376, 604 Straw, Jack, 402 Stroessner, General Alfredo, 397 Subway Sandwiches, 185-6 Sultygov, Abdul-Khakim, 336,340 Sumgait pogrom, in Surgutneftegaz, 187, 474 Surkov, Vladislav, 404, 438, 446, 463, 492-3, 524, 527,548-9, 647 Suslin, Sergei, 181 Svenska Dagbladet, 2 SVR [Foreign Intelligence Service], 260, 269 exchanges intelligence with CIA, 365, 379, 385 Sychev, Andrei, 489 Syria, 137, 560 and ISIS, 284, 588,592, 594-5 and Arab Spring, 525,555-6 and chemical weapons, 557-9,567 refugee crisis, 588-9 Russian military intervention, 590-91, 593-6, 607, 659, 663 Tajikistan, 209, 231, 298,390 Takuan Sõhõ, 40 Talbott, Strobe, 236-8, 273-4, 280 Taliban, see Afghanistan Tallinn Process, 132,138,150 Taylor, Elizabeth, 550 Tchaikovsky, Pyotr, 46,434, 551 85i Tereshkova, Valentina, 636 Thatcher, Margaret, 160, 464 The Shield and the Sword, 51-2, 92 Tiitinen, Seppo, 311 Tikhon, Archimandrite, 441-3 Timchenko, Gennady, 252 (see aho: Gunvor) Tiomkin, Dimitri, 568 Tokarev, Nikolai, 96, 457 Tolonnikova, Nadezhda, 541-2 Tolstoy, Leo, 23, 40, 434 Torrence, Richard, 550 Traber, Ilya, 188,197, 207 Trachtenberg, Marc, 598
Transnistria, 228, 231, 285,391, 419 Travin, Dmitry, 27-8,193 Tregubova, Yelena, 269-70,391 Trenin, Dmitry, 627 Tretyakov, Vitaly, 446 Trotsky, Leon, 134 Trump, Donald, 15, 22, 93, 598, 646-7, 653 President, 599-602, 645 Tsagolov, Aleksandr, 346-7 Tsar Aleksandr I, 18 Tsar Aleksandril, 483,524 Tsar Ivan IV [The Terrible], 46 Tsar Ivan VI, 483 Tsar Nicholas I, 360,524,547 Tsar Nicholas II, 18,134,188,493 Tsar Paul I, 483,505 Tsar Peter I [The Great], 19,46, 69, 72, 134,161 Tsar Peter III, 483 Tsepov, Roman, 483-4 Tsereteli, Zurab, 437-8 Tunisia, 525 Turgenev, Ivan, 40 Turkey, 421-2, 526, 582,. 588 and Kurds, 556 supporting ISIS, 592 relations with Russia, 591-4 and NATO, 593-4 Turkmenistan, 390-91, 651 Turku, 149,167-8,198 (see aho: Finland) Turner, Ted, 202 Tylik, Nadezhda, 327 Tymoshenko, Yulia, 409, 520-21,572
852 PUTIN Սշ, 542 Ukraine 59,135η, 157, 292, Зб4, 482, 568-9,594 and collapse of USSR, 115,140,152, 229-32 and NATO, 378, 424-6,428, 498,502,510, 579-82, 587, 608, 652-5 and Eurasian Economic Community, 390,569 and Orange Revolution, 391-7, 429, 471, 523, 534, 569, 573, 655 and gas dispute with Russia, 387, 409-10, 520-21 and United States, 411,417, 425-7,571-2, 577, 579, 609-10, 648, 653-5 and EU Association agreement, 569-73, 649 Euromaidan demonstrations, 573-4 collapse of Yanukovych government, 574-5 annexation of Crimea, 576-82, 585, 595-6, 607, 623, 629, 654-5, 658 conflict in Eastern Ukraine, 582-3, 586, 612, 663 shooting down of MH17,583-6 Normandy format and Minsk accords, 583,586-7, 652, 654 Russian troops mass on border, 647-8, 654 preparations and rationale for war, 652-8 Russo-Ukrainian war, 658-9, 661-2, 665-7 Ulyukayev, Aleksei, 618-20, 624 Union State of Russia and Belarus, 2,291,387 United Arab Emirates, 589 and Chechnya, 384, 614 United Kingdom, 16,120,136, 294,398, 423, 436,460,482-3, 485,552,554 aid to St Petersburg, 150-51 and Chechnya, 288, 298-9,302,384, 400 ‘special relationship’ with US, 301, 649 and Kursk disaster, 324 and Russian relationship with NATO, 235, 238-9, 272,378-9, 426 and Iraq War, 382-3,399 bilateral relations with Russia, 160, 299,302,304,332·, 364,398-405, 412, 416,559 murder of Aleksandr Litvinenko, 412-17 and Russian elite, 429 and World War II, 436,439 and Libya, 526 and Syrian civil war, 555, 557,589 and Ukraine, 580, 652 and Sergei Skripal, 620 (see also: Tony Blair) United States, 234, 271-2,301, 632, 641, 654, 663 and NATO
enlargement, 236-9, 271,378, 425, 662 and National Missile Defence, 301, 366-8,376-7, 666 . electoral system criticised, 368,386, 466, 596 and Sept и attacks, 372-5, 601 anti-terrorist alliance with Russia, 373-5, 384, 421 Jackson-Vanik Amendment, 379, 561, 565 exporting democracy, 382, 385,394, 396-7, 404, 407, 429, 607, 663 and EU reliance on Russian gas, 410-11, 646-7 and Russo-Georgian war, 498-9, 501,558 triggers Great Recession, 507 right-wing Republicans support Putin, 552 and Syria, 555-9,588-90, 594 USAID closed, Radio Liberty licence withdrawn, 559-60 Magnitsky Act and Russian retaliation, 561-5 Abu Ghraib, Guantanamo and CIA black sites, 562-3 and Ukraine, 571,577, 580-81, 585-6, 653, 658-9 Russian interference in elections, 596-8, 600-601, 604, 607, 648 foreign policy consensus in Washington, 599 expels Russian diplomats, 603 withdraws ambassador, 646, 648 (see abo : Joe Biden, George W Bush, Bill Clinton, Barack Obama, Donald Trump, and Putin [Policy, on geopolitics - relations with the United States]) US Democratic National Committee (DNC), 597, 603
853 INDEX Ustinov, Vladimir, 319, 472, 486-7, 489-90, 515 Usvyatsov, Leonid, 53-4, 61,181,198 Uzbekistan, 374,390 Vakhirev, Rem, 321 van der Stoel, Max, 228 van Rompuy, Herman, 573 Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 662 Vashchilin, Nikolai, 61, 72,198, 616 Vasiliev, Sergei, 188 Védrine, Hubert, 299,398-9 Vekselberg, Viktor, 445 Venediktov, Aleksei, 331,334, 615 Vershbow, Alexander, 405 Veshnyakov, Aleksandr, 368 Videla, General Jorge Rafael, 397 Vietnam, Putin closes naval base, 379 Vikström, Archbishop John, 167 Vindman, Aleksandr, 572 Vishnevsky, Boris, 140,156, 242 Vladikavkaz, 13, 276 Volgodonsk, 3, 7,10-11 Volmer, Märt, 225-6 Volodin, Vyacheslav, 633-4 Voloshin, Aleksandr, 254, 264, 268, 275, 277, 281, 286, 288,316,527 Head of the Presidential Administration, 290-1,320-21,326,332, 334,337, 457, 461-2 and Khodorkovsky affair, 356-7, 359, 458 von Ploetz, Hans-Friedrich, 465 von Puttkamer, Eberhard, 166, 202, 225-6, 245,3« von Wistinghausen, Henning, 203 Voroshilov, Marshal Kliment, 482 Vyakhirev, Rem, 455 Vyshenkov, Yevgeny, 187,191,196 Vysotsky, Vladimir, 48 Wagner Group, 594,597 Warnig, Matthias, 203 Warsaw Pact, 91,113, 421, 662 dissolved, 236, 271,369, 660 Werner (KGB Dresden driver), 97,126 Wolfowitz, Paul, 235-6,371, 429,572 Wood, Joseph, 497 World Bank, 159 World Trade Organisation (WTO), 421, 510, 561 Xi Jinping, 655, 667 Wörner, Manfred, 235 Yagoda, Genrikh, 75 Yakovlev, Aleksandr, 149 Yakovlev, Dima, 563-4 Yakovlev, Vladimir, 175, 241-2, 250,306, 451 and 1996 city elections, 216-18 Yakunin, Vladimir, 200, 442, 457 Yamadayev, Ruslan, 613-14 Yanaev, Gennady, 143,145
Yandarbiyev, Zelimkhan, assassinated, 343, 416, 485 Yanukovych, Viktor, 391-6 supported by Putin in 2003 election, 392-4,396 elected President, 520-21 hesitates over Association agreement with EU, 569-73 accepts EU mediation with opposition, 574 flees to Moscow, 575,577 gives cover to Putin, 578-9 Yarov, Yuri, 144,146-7 Yastrzhembsky, Sergei, 244, 269,351 Yavlinsky, Grigory, 263, 267,307,338, 533 Yazov, Marshal Dmitry, 142-3, 235 Yegiazaryan, Ashot, 264 Yegiazaryan, Suren, 264 Yegorov, Nikolai (lawyer), 56,122,130 Yegorov, Nikolai (functionary), 243-5 Yeltsin, Boris, 371 ascent to power, 120-21,135,140-1 and break-up of Soviet Union, 139, 149,152 and August 1991 putsch, 143,146,149 President of Russia, 157,161,170,197, 265, 292, 418, 431, 440, 612-13, 622, and the 'Family', 1, 6, 264, 458, 467 and apartment bombings, 2, 6 and the West, 159, 213, 220, 234, 274, 662-3 power struggle with parliament (1993), 171-4, 220, 228, 236, 256
854 PUTIN Yeltsin, Boris, - cant’d. and security services, 179, 256-7 and First Chechen War, 202, 213-14, 24 health problems, 1,212, 220, 246 re-elected in 1996, 219-20 and media, 220-21,334 and NATO enlargement, 237, 239, 271, 419-20 relaunches economic reforms, 246, 248 impeachment, 254, 266 and Putin, 255. 257-8, 267-70, 272, 275֊7, 290 attitude to colleagues, 261, 296,313 and Mabetex scandal, 263-4, 268, 290-91, 451, and arms control, 366-7 choice of successor, 8,220, 252-3, 266-70, 275-7, 279-80 resignation, 7, 287-9 retirement and death, 333, 433, 481, 631 historical role praised, 438-9 Yeltsin, Naina, 288 Yeltsin, Tatyana, 213, 253, 264, 277, 288, 291,316 Yentaltseva, Marina, 162, 201-3, 296 Yershov, Aleksandr, 219 Yevstafiev, Arkady, 454 Yevtushenkov, Vladimir, 617-18, 624 Yezhkov, Dmitry, 217-18,356 Yezhov, Nikolai, 75-6 Yuganskneftegaz, 405-6 Yugoslavia, 236, 295,301-2,365,369,598 (see aho: Serbia) Yukos, 321,354-5,357-62,505,516, sale of assets, 405-6, 429, 462, 617-18 (see also: Khodorkovsky, Mikhail) Yumashev, Valentin, 291,517 head of the Presidential Administration, 246, 255, 269 and Putin, 251-4, 257, 267-8, 488 member of the ‘Family’, 264, 277-8, 286, 288,307,316, 458 and Berezovsky, 286,321, 332 Yuriev, Aleksandr, 218 Yushchenko, Viktor, 391-5,409-10, 426, 520-21 Zakayev, Ahmed, 336,341, 343 granted asylum in Britain, 399-400, 402 and Litvinenko, 412 ZakSobranie (St Petersburg Legislative Assembly), 174-6,185,192, 208-9 (see aho: Lensoviet and Petrosoviet) Zaostrovtsev, Yevgeny, 486 Zaostrovtsev, Yuri, 320,357,359, 486 Zapolsky, Dmitry, 185, 209 Zdanovich,
Aleksandr, 5 Zelenogorsk (dacha), 126-7,183,193 Zelensky, Volodymyr, 652, 655, 658 Zhang Yimou, 495 Zhdanov, Andrei, 33 Zhirinovsky, Vladimir, 211,232, 265, 292,307, 378, 466, 491, 493, 505, 537, 623, 629 Zolotonosov, Mikhail, 184 Zolotov, Viktor, 458, 483-4, 490, 617 Zubkov, Viktor, 490-91, 505 Zuchold, Klaus, 104,118-19 Zuyev, Sergei, 486-7 Zverev, Sergei, 2, 8 Zygar, Mikhail, 490 Zykov, Boris, 252-3 Zyuganov, Gennady, 214, 220, 285,307, 493, 537, 623 Zyuzin, Igor, 517 |
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| bvnumber | BV048290181 |
| classification_rvk | MG 85690 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1344268956 (DE-599)BVBBV048290181 |
| discipline | Politologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Politologie |
| edition | First US edition |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T20:03:20Z |
| indexdate | 2024-10-17T08:01:14Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781627793667 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Short, Philip 1945- Verfasser (DE-588)112214136X aut Putin First US edition New York Henry Holt and Company 2022 x, 854 Seiten, 24 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Porträts txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 p DE-604 Äquivalent Druck-Ausgabe, US, Paperback 2023 978-1-250-86154-2 (DE-604)BV049339173 Äquivalent Druck-Ausgabe, UK, Hardcover London : The Bodley Head, 2022 978-1-84792-337-0 (DE-604)BV048385534 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033670197&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033670197&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
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| topic_facet | Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- Biografie |
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