Parties as governments in Eurasia, 1913-1991: nationalism, socialism, and development
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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London ; New York
Routledge
2022
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| Schriftenreihe: | Routledge studies in the modern history of Asia
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | xii, 354 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9781032207339 9781032207346 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Parties as governments in Eurasia, 1913-1991 |b nationalism, socialism, and development |c edited by Ivan Sablin and Egas Moniz Bandeira |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents List offigures Author bios Acknowledgments vii ix xiii Introduction: Parties from Vanguards to Governments 1 IVAN SABLIN AND EGAS MONIZ BANDEIRA 1 The birth of Anfu China, East Asia’s first party-state: Toward a constitutional dictatorship of the gentry, 1916-1918 26 ERNEST MING-TAK LEUNG 2 The Communist International: A party of parties confronting interwar internationalisms, 1920-1925 60 VSEVOLOD KRITSKIY 3 The Left Opposition and the practices of parliamentarianism within the Bolshevik Party, 1923-1924 85 ALEXANDER V. REZNIK 4 Importing and exporting ideas of nationalism and state-building: The experience of Turkey’s Republican People’s Party, 1923-1950 107 PAUL KUBICEK 5 Competing with the marketplace: The Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT)’s Department of Propaganda and its political publishing program, 1924-1937 CHRISTOPHER A. REED 127
vi Contents 6 Aspirations for a mass political party in prewar imperial Japan: Conflicting visions of national mobilization 151 BRUCE GROVER AND EGAS MONIZ BANDEIRA 7 Constitution-making in the informal Soviet empire in Eastern Europe, East Asia, and Inner Asia, 1945-1955 178 IVAN SABLIN 8 Work teams, leading small groups, and the making of modern Chinese bureaucracy, 1929-1966 223 LONG YANG 9 From revolutionary comrades to “mothers of the nation”: The Workers’ Party of Korea’s approach to the role of women in the 1950s-1960s 250 NATALIA MATVEEVA 10 The dawn before one-party dominance: South Korea’s road to party politics under the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, 1961-1963 270 KYONGHEE LEE 11 The Yugoslav federation and the concept of one ruling party in its final hour 296 JURE GASPARIČ 12 The vanguard’s changing tempo: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and government institutions, 1921-1990 316 ADÉLA GJURIČOVÁ Index 336
Index АКР see Justice and Development Party Abramovich, įsai 89 Academic Electoral College 41 Act on the National Assembly Election 284 Act on the National Reconstruction Movement 276-77 Act on the Parliamentary Election 284 Action Committee 324—25 Adler, Friedrich 74 Advisory Council 8, 38 Afghanistan 120 Africa 118, 120, 250 Aisilu see Mourning Records Akamatsu Katsumaro 154, 167 Albania 1, 13, 178-79, 184-86, 195-97, 199-205, 207, 211-14 Albanian-Soviet split 179 АП-Russian Central Executive Committee 181 see also Central Executive Committee (VKP [b]); Executive Committee (Comintern; ECCI); All-Russian Conference 93 All-Russian Congresses of Soviets 181 All-Union Party Conference 90 Alliance for a New Japan 12, 153-61, 163-64, 173-75, 175n* Allilueva, Nadezhda 263 Amendment Bill 38-39, 41 America 32, 72-73, 250, 256 see also Americas, Latin America, South America, USA Americas 2 Amsterdam International 61 An Hyon-won 254 Andreichin, Georgii 90 Anfu Club 1, 8, 26-32, 39, 42-50, 52n2, 56n43; Charter 44, 46; Congress 27, 46; Council 27, 44, 49, 52n2; correspondence offices 48; Diplomatic Liaison Division 47; extraparliamentary councillors 44; Office Establishment Commissioner 48; Political Investigation Committee 46-47 Anfu Regime 9, 26-27, 30-31,42, 47, 52; in parliament 26, 51 Anglo-American 184 Anhui 28, 30, 43-44, 139, 143 Anhui Faction 30, 44 April Revolution 271, 273, 275, 278 Araki Sadao 167 Argentina 118 see also Argentinian Revolution Argentinian Revolution 291 Arima Yoriyasu 152, 173 Armenians 7 Army Cavalry School (France) 43 Army Ministry (China) 43 Army
Ministry (Japan) 168 Asahara Kenzo 173 Asia 118, 178, 250, 257, 280 see also Central Asia, East Asia Asquith, Herbert 33 Assemblies (Yugoslavia) 297, 300-01, 303-04, 306 Assembly of Nations 300 Association of Friends of Constitutionalism 8 Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal (Pasha) 11, 107, 123n2, 281 see also Kemalism Attitudes that Revolutionary Comrades Should Hold Regarding the Hunan Hubei Party Purification Movements 141 Austria 33, 184, 189
Index Austria-Hungary 318 authoritarianism 17, 19, 31, 43, 50, 108, 121, 152, 156, 175, 317, 320, 322 Ayub Khan, Muhammed 118, 280-81 Axis Powers 184, 294 Babiš, Andrej 331 Bakunin, Mikhail 64 Balkan crisis (1912) 7 Bank of Communications 44 Basque Country 184 Bauer, Otto 74 Baumansky District 94 Bednota (magazine) 86 Beijing 28-29, 32, 34, 36-37, 43, 45, 47-49, 53n2, 131, 148n29 see also Beiping Beiping 135-36, 148n29 see also Beijing Beiyang 28-30, 33-35, 37, 43, 47 Beiyang-Kuomintang-Progressive coalition cabinet 33 Belgium 6, 41, 43, 76 Belgrade 297, 302, 309 Belgrade Political Bureau 302 Bell, Thomas 72 Belogurova, Anna 62 Beneš, Edvard 189-90, ЗІОпЗ, 320, 324 Berlin Blockade 192 Berlin Conference 75 Berlin Wall 18 Berlin War College 27 Berman, Jakub 208 Berufskörperschaften see vocational corporations Bessarabia 184 Beér, János 191 Bian Yinchang 47 bicameralism 39, 55n25, 283, 301 Bierut, Bolesław 192, 208 Bismarck, Otto von 40, 47 Bluntschli, Johann Kaspar 31, 36 Bohemia see Sudetenland Bo Gu 228 bokumin 158 Bolsheviks (VKP [b]) 1, 5, 9-Ю, 12, 19nl, 60-63, 67-69, 70-72, 75, 79-80, 85-87, 93, 96, 149n39, 179-82, 185, 188-89, 192, 198, 204, 210-211, 213, 214n2, 215n34, 253, 310n7, 299, 319; Central Committee 85-101, 182; Foreign Policy Department 191; Politbiuro 182, 190 see also Communist Party (Russia) ЪЪӀ Boshin Imperial Rescript 160 Bosnia and Herzegovina 296, 298, 300, 309 bourgeois dictatorship 37 Bourgeoisie 9, 68, 71, 73, 86, 183, 193, 197, 214nl6, 259n, 310n2, 322 Bourguiba, Habib Ali 118 Brand, Henryk 78 Brazil 118 Breslav, Boris 92-93 Britain 34, 39, 45,
75-77, 147n5, 288 Brussels 5, 65 Bryce, James 39 Buddhism see Mahayana Bukharan People’s Soviet Republic 180 Bukharin, Nikolai 68, 92 Bulganin, Nikolai Aleksandrovich 211 Bulgaria 1, 13, 179, 184, 186-87, 195, 197, 201-02, 207, 210, 213 Bulgarian Fatherland Front 204 Bureaucratization 11, 85-86 Burke, Edmund 53n9, 113 Buxton, C. R. 77 Cabinet Planning Board 161 Caliph 111 Campaign to Wipe Out Hidden Counterrevolutionaries 224, 230-31 Canton see Guangzhou Cao Rulin 45 Cardenas, Lazaro 118 Catalonia 184 Catholic Church 192, 210 CCP see Communist Party (China) Central Academic Caucus 38, 40—41, 43, 54n21 Central Asia 119, 264 Central Broadcasting Station 134 Central Committee see Communist Parties; Democratic Women’s Union; League of Communists of Slovenia; Polish United Workers’ Party; Workers’ Party of Korea Central Committee General Study Committee 230, 236 Central Control Commission 87, 98 Central Daily News 134 Central Europe ЗІОпЗ, 320 Central Executive Committee (KMT) 139-40, 142-44, 149n35, 181 see also Kuomintang Central Executive Committee (VKP [b]) 92
338 Index Central Five-Person Small Group 231 Central Information Study Committee 276 Central News Agency 133-34 Central Party Biweekly 140 Central Party History Department’s Historical Materials Compilation Committee 143 Central Propaganda Department (CCP) 231, 233 Central Propaganda Department (KMT) 130, 133 see also Department of Propaganda Central Rada (Ukraine) 180 Central Revolutionary Military Commission 229-30 Central Standing Committee 142 Central Ten-Person Small Group 232 Central Weekly Journal see Zhongyang zhoubao Centrist Military Coups 37 Chamber of Associated Labour 301 Chamber of Deputies 318, 320 Chamber of Elders 41 Chamber of Lands 199 Chamber of Associated Labor 301 Chamber of Municipalities 301 Chang Myon 271, 273-74, 276, 278, 281 Chang P’eng-yuan 35, 38 Chang To-yông 271, 279 Changsha 134, 148n27 Chen Boda 193 Chen Huanzhang 47 Chen Jihua 43 Chen Zongxun 140 Cheng Shude 54n24 Chenglu Club 49 Cherniak 88 Chervenkov, Valko 207, 209 Chiang Ching-kuo 17 Chiang Kai-shek 26, 119, 132-33, 137-38, 142-43, 145-46, 149n41 Chile 291 Chilgol 262 China 1-2,4-5, 7-8, 9,11, 13, 15,18, 26, 32-33, 35-36, 39. 43, 49-51, 55n25, 129, 131-32, 135-38, 143, 146, 146nl, 147n3, 147n6, 149n36, 151-52, 154, 174, 178, 183, 193, 201-03, 207, 213, 214nl4, 223-24, 230-31, 237, 241, 251, 280-81; Central China 132, 136-37, 141, 226-28; North China 132, 141, 143^14. 226-27, 237, 241; historians 31; immigrants from 6; nation 6, 18, 145 Chinese Civil War 15, 193 Chinese Communist Party see Communist Party (China) Chinese Culture Service Association 129 Chinese Democratic Socialist
Party 17 Chinese Nationalist Party see Kuomintang Chinese Soviet Republic 228-230, 236 Cho Yong-su 274 Choibalsan, Khorloogiin 184, 207 Chongjin 254 Chongqing 134, 137, 148n27 Choson Nyösõng 252, 256, 259-62, 265n21, 266n46 Chosun libo 274, 292n20֊21, 29Խ26, 291Ո28 Chosõn Defense Academy 272 CHP see Republican People’s Party Christian Rural Movement 277 Christians 123n9, 156 Chunjie jiniankan see “Spring Festival Commemorative Issues” Chuzhou 49 CIA 276 Citizens’ Corps 34 Civil Rule Party 289-90 “Cold Observer” see Hu Zhengzhi Cold War 1, 15, 221, 224, 273 Collectanea of KMT Policies 137 colonialism 6, 183 Columbia University 47 Cominform 179, 185, 299 Comintern 10-11, 60-63, 65, 67-81, 98, 128, 131-32, 179, 183, 185, 213, 319-21; League of Nations 72; World Congress 183; 3rd Congress 71, 73, 78, 204 see also Executive Committee (Comintern; ECCI) Commerce Department of the State Council 235 Commercial Press 128, 136, 139 Committee for Union and Progress 1, 5-7, 11, 109-12 see also Union and Progress Party Committee for the Defence of the Republic 320 Committee of Soviet Women 256, 259 Communication Clique see New Communication Clique; Old Communication Clique Communist International see Comintern
Index Communist Parties 1, 2, 10, 16-17, 60, 67, 73,81,183,185,204,211,213,287, 298-99, 309, 316 Communist Party (Albania) 186; Central Committee 207 Communist Party (China) 15, 17-18, 27, 31, 52, 128-29, 131-32, 134-35, 137, 141-43, 149n35, 149n39, 149n41, 183, 193, 204, 223-31, 237, 240-41, 242n2-4, 242nl0, 243nl6, 243n20, 244n24, 244n27, 245n35-36, 245n39^l3, 245n46-47, 253; Politburo 52, 194, 225, 228-31, 236; Central Committee 27, 44, 149n3 5, 228-29, 232, 235-38, 326-27; 8th National Congress 231 Communist Party (Croatia) 298 Communist Party (Czechoslovakia) 14-16, 184-85, 189, 198-99, 205, 316-18, 320-21, 323-25, 326, 329; Central Committee 189, 329 Communist Party (Germany) 191 Communist Party (Greece) 183 Communist Party (Great Britain) 72 Communist Party (Hungary) 190, 198 Communist Party (Poland) 184 Communist Party (Romania) 187, 204; Central Committee 187 Communist Party (Russia) see Bolsheviks Communist Party (Slovakia) 189, 317 Communist Party (Slovenia) 298, 303, 305, 307-09 Communist Party (Spain) 183 Communist Party (Vietnam) 17 Communist Party (Yugoslavia) 16, 185, 204, 215Ո18, 298-302; Central Committee 186 see also League of Communists of Yugoslavia, Socialist Workers’ Party of Yugoslavia Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) 100, 178-80, 185, 204, 210-11, 213, 215n34, 266nl2, 266n21; Central Committee 182 see also Bolsheviks Communist Workers’ Party of Germany 71-72 Concise List of Revolutionary Commemoration Days 142 Concordia Association 173-74 Confucian 35, 157-58, 252-53, 262, 263, 265 339 Confucian Temple District see Qinhuai District
Congress of Mothers 260 Congress Party 118, 120 Constituent Assembly (Yugoslavia) 186 Constituent National Assembly (Czechoslovakia) 189, 325, 332n3 Constitution Drafting Committee (South Korea) see Constitutional Deliberation Committee (South Korea) Constitution of Albania 185, 201, 203 Constitution of Bulgaria 187, 195, 208 Constitution of Czechoslovakia 185, 195, 198-99, 202-03 Constitution of China (1954) 193, 196-98, 199-204 Constitution of the DPRK 179, 185, 198, 201-02 Constitution of the Far Eastern Republic 181 Constitution of the GDR 195, 201-03 Constitution of Hungary 191, 195, 197, 199, 202-03 Constitution of Japan (Meiji Constitution) 3, 152, 154, 170 Constitution of Mongolia (1924) 181 Constitution of Mongolia (1940) 194, 196, 201, 203, 208 Constitution of the Ottoman Empire (1876) 3, 109 Constitution of Poland (“Small Constitution”) 192, 195-96, 199-201, 214nl Constitution of Poland (1952) 193, 196-97, 199, 201, 203, 214nl Constitution of the ROK (Third Republic Constitution) 276 Constitution of the ROK (Yushin Constitution) 276 Constitution of Romania (1948) 197-98, 202 Constitution of Romania (1952) 195, 198, 201, 203-04, 208 Constitution of Turkey 108 Constitution of the Tuvan Arats’ [Herders’] Republic 181 Constitution of the Tuvan People’s Republic (1926) 181 Constitution of the Ukrainian People’s Republic 180 Constitution of the USSR (1936) 12,
340 Index 178, 182-84, 186, 191, 193, 196, 198, 201, 208, 213 Constitution of Yugoslavia 179, 197, 200-01 Constitutional Assembly (Kingdom of SCS) 298, 300, 310n2 Constitutional Compilation Commission 44 Constitutional Deliberation Committee (South Korea) 282 constitutional monarchies 37, 39 see also monarchism constitutional dictatorship 26, 50 Du Contrat social 110 Control Faction 153 Cornell University 43 corporatism 8, 16, 26, 30-31, 34, 38, 40, 42, 44, 51-52, 54nl4, 54n21, 111-13, 120, 296, 300 corporatist constitutionalism 51 corrective revolution 37, 51 Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 179 Council of Ministers (Hungary) 191, 202 Council of Ministers (North Korea) 255 Council of Ministers (USSR) 182, 191 Council of Nationalities 199 Council of People’s Commissars (USSR) 182, 202 Council of Producers 199, 300 CPC see Communist Party of Czechoslovakia CPSU see Communist Party of the Soviet Union Credentials Commission 87 Croatia 296, 298, 300, 303, 309 Cultural Revolution 253 CUP see Committee for Union and Progress Czechoslovakia 1-2, 13-16, 178, 184-85, 189, 195, 197, 200, 202-03, 205, 207-09, 213, 298, 309, ЗІОпЗ, 316-18, 320-21, 324-25, 327-29, 330 Dagongbao see L’Impartial Dai Jitao 131, 138 Dalai Lama 40 Declaration of the Rights of Man of 1789 111 Declaration to the Masses in Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangxi 142 democracy 9-11, 16-17, 31, 44, 51, 67, 85-95,98-102,107,110,113,117,119, 122, 156, 160-61, 175, 213, 271, 277, 280-81, 283, 290, 292n20, 293n28, 305, 322, 329, 331 see also direct democracy; people’s democracy; representative democracy; socialist
democracy; workers’ democracy Democratic Club see Anfu Club Democratic Friendship Party 289 Democratic Front 186, 188, 190 Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea 190 Democratic Party (South Korea) 289-90 Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro 310 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea see Korea (North) Democratic Republican Party 15, 53n3, 270, 290, 270-71, 277-78, 282-91, 292n2 Democratic Women’s Union (North Korea) 255-60, 262; Central Committee 257; 3rd Congress 257-59 Deng Ye 53n2 Department of Propaganda 11, 127-28, 130-46, 127-8, 147n5, 148n23֊24, 149n37-38, 149n40 see also Central Propaganda Department (KMT) developmentalism (developmental state; developmental dictatorships) 26-27, 42, 52, 112, 121, 171 Diet (Japan) 2, 12, 152, 154, 161, 167-71 Dimitrov Constitution see Constitution of Bulgaria Dimitrov, Georgi 183 Ding Shiyi 33 Ding Shiyuan 45 direct democracy 53nl0 Dong-а Ubo 2Ί4, 287 Dongfang zazhi see Eastern Miscellany DPS see Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro Draft Outline of the Tutelage Stage 133, 146 Drobnis, Petr 92 DRP see Democratic Republican Party Duan Qirui 27-30, 32-37, 39-40, 43-44, 47 Duan Zhigui 45 Duban canzhan shiwuchu see War Participation Supervisory Office Dubček, Alexander 14, 328 duchun see tuchun Durdenevskii, Vsevolod Nikolaevich 187
Index Durkheim, Émile 110 DWU see Democratic Women’s Union Dzerzhinskii, Feliks 91 East Asia xi, 2, 8, 26, 37, 62, 134, 264 East Asian Economic League 30 East Germany see Germany (East) Eastern Europe 2, 3, 15, 178, 184-85, 188, 197, 256, 309, ЗІОпЗ, 325, 331 Eastern Miscellany 136 École des Mines de Mons 43 Economic Council (Yugoslavia) 300 Economic Development Council (South Korea) 278 Economic Investigation Bureau 47 Economic Principles of Confucius and His School (1911) 47 Educational and Cultural Council (Yugoslavia) 300 Egypt 118, 120, 280-81 Eighth Route Army 226 “election purification” 153-55, 158, 163, 168 Ellul, Jacques 129, 137, 139, 145, 147nl2 Emergency Measures Act 274-77 Emergency Measures Act for National Reconstruction 275-76 Enabling Act (1933) 276 Engels, Friedrich 42, 64, 65, 89, 250 England 65, 72 see also Great Britain enlightened despotism 34 Episcopate (Poland) 193 Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip 122 Estonia 38, 42, 184 “ethical state” 154, 156, 167, 172 Eurasia 2-6, 11-13,19,121-22,127,144, 175, 178 Europe 35-36, 61, 64-66, 70-73, 78, 117, 120, 170, 178-79, 184, 212, 214n3, 250, 280, 320 see also Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeastern Europe, Western Europe Executive Committee (Comintern; ECCI) 62, 68-70, 183 see also AllRussian Central Executive Committee; Central Executive Committee (VKP [b]) Executive Committee (Yugoslavia) 297, 304 Executive Yuan 130 “Explanatory Note” 39-41, 55n25, 55n30 Extraordinary State Council 33-34, 54nl4 341 Fair Comment (Gongyanbao; Kung-yen pao) 32, 52-53n2 Fang Shu 39, 52 Far Eastern Republic xii, 180-81 fascism 2, 11,
27, 41-42, 53n8, 61, 108, 115, 117, 151-52, 159, 169, 171, 183, 203, 27, 316, 320 “Father of the People” see Kim Il-sung Fatherland Front 186, 187, 204 FBI 277 February 26 Incident (1936) 159, 272 Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia) 329 Federal Assembly (Yugoslavia) 300-01, 304, 307 Federal Council (Yugoslavia) 199, 300-01 Fedoseev, Petr Nikolaevich 187 Feng Guozhang 30, 33, 36 First World War 7, 10, 29, 36, 50, 65-66, 78-80, 152, 155, 318 Five-Year Plan (Romania) 206 Five-Year Plan (South Korea) 274, 278 flip-flop politics 288-90 Forbidden City 136 “Four Counts of Suspicion” (South Korea) 288 France 6, 36-37, 46, 48, 55nl9, 64-66, 75-77, 110, 281 see also French Concession; French language; French Revolution; Third Republic (France) Franco, Francisco 31 Free Republican Party 116 French Concession (Shanghai) 141 French language 81nl, 141 French Revolution 39, 53n7, 110-11 Fu Dingyi 52, 56n43 Fu Liangzuo 34 functional representation 41-42 Fundamentals of National Reconstruction 118 Gaiyao (Propaganda Department Weekly Work Outlines) 139-46, 148n24, 149n34 Gansu 38 Gao Kelin 233 Gao Xiang E Gan minzhong shu see Declaration to the Masses in Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangxi Gaoping County 226 GDR see Germany (East) Gerning jinianri jianming biao see Concise
342 Index List of Revolutionary Commemoration Grand National Assembly (Romania) Days 188-89, 206, 208 Gerning jun see Revolutionary Army Grand National Assembly (Turkey) 108, Gerning tongzhi duiyu Hang Hu qingdang 113-14 yundongying chi zhi taidu see Attitudes Gray, John Chipman 55n25 that Revolutionary Comrades Should Great Britain 34, 44, 72, 75, 77, 147n5, Hold Regarding the Hunan Hubei 288 see also England Party Purification Movements Great Depression 152-53, 321 General German Workers’ “Great Leader” see Kim Il-sung Association 64 Great Patriotic War 253, 264 General Political Department (KMT) Great People’s Khural see Khural 140, 142 Great Terror 182 General Political Department (CCP) 233 Great Wall 143 General Political Training Department Great War see First World War; Second 141-42 World War Geneva 77, 79 Great Way 165 see also Imperial Way Geofizika Factory 92 Greater Japan Youth Party 169 George, Henry 156 Greece 16, 183 Georgia 74-75 Green, Thomas Hill 155-56 German Democratic Republic Grigor’ian, Vagan Grigor’evich 188 see Germany (East) Grotewohl, Otto 192, 206, 208 Germany 1, 11-13, 18, 27, 31, 33, 39, 47, Groza, Petru 187, 208 51, 55n25, 71-72, 76,107-09,113, 116, Gu Weijin see Wellington Koo 178, 189, 191-92, 195-96, 198-200, Guangxu Emperor 136 202, 204-05, 207, 277, 288; legal Guangzhou 29-30, 130-31, 135, 148n21, theories 26; historical school 158; as a 149n37 model 32; Nazi Germany 113, 116, 275 Guilin 130 Germany (East) 1, 13, 18, 178, 191-92, Guizhou 229 195-96,198-99, 200,202, 204-05, 207, Guoji zhengwu pingyihui 213, 214n3, 305 see International
Political Council Germany (West) 192, 287 Guomin gerning xuanchuan ji Gershuni, Grigoril Andreevich 6 see National Revolution Propaganda Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe 187-89, Collections 207-09 Guomindang see Kuomintang Golkar 53n3 Guomindang zhengce congshu Good Friends ( Yiyhoushe) 54nl4 see Collectanea of KMT Policies Goodnow, Frank 32 Gongren yundong xuanchuan dagang Habsburg 1, 297, 318 see Propaganda Outline for the Halk Fırkası (People’s Party) Peasant Movement see Republican People’s Party Gongyanbao see Fair Comment Halka doğru see “Toward the People” Gorbachev, Mikhail 330 campaign Gorkin, Aleksandr Fedorovich 187 halkevleri see People’s Houses Gorshenin, Konstantin Petrovich halkodaları see People’s Rooms 187-88 Han T’ae-yon 276, 281-82 Gosspirt (State Alcohol) 88 Hangzhou 134 Hankook Ilbo 287 Gottwald, Klement 189-90, 207-09, 319-24, 331 Hara Kei 155 Goto Fumio 153 Hashimoto Kingorõ 168-70 Goto Shinpei 155 Hashimoto Seinosuke 155-56 Hayashi Senjurõ 154, 173 Government Gazette (China) 52n2 Grand National Assembly (Bulgaria) Hebei 227, 232, 237-38, 240 187-88 Hegel 31; (Neo-)Hegelianism 155-56
Index 343 Heibon-sha 166 Hernandez Tomás, Jesús 183 Hirota Кбкі 155 Hitler, Adolf 115, 124nl7, 276, 321 Ho Chong-suk 255 Hobhouse, Leonard 155 Hobson, John Atkinson 155 Hosiery Factory 92 House of Peers (ROC) 38, 42 House of Representatives (ROC) 38, 45, 47 Hoxha, Enver 186, 207, 212 Hozumi Shigetõ 155 Hsu Shu-cheng see Xu Shuzheng Hu Feng 235 Hu Hanmin 130, 132-33, 138, 141^12, 145-46, 148nl9 Hu Hanmin’s Collected Speeches {Hu Hanmin xiansheng yanjiang ji) 141 Hu Jun 42 Hu Qiaomu 193 Hu Zhengzhi 32, 37 Hudang jiuguo zhi wenshu see Protecting the Party Saving the Nation Huang Yunpeng 53nl0 Huang Zao 136 Huangdi hun see Spirit of the Yellow Emperor Huapailou District 136 Hubei 141^12 Hunan 134, 140^42, 145, 148n27 Hunan Road 133 Hungarian Autonomous Region 198 Hungarian Popular Front of Independence 191 Hungarian Soviet Republic 72, 320 Hungarian Working People’s Party 191 Hungary 1, 13, 41, 178, 184-85, 190, 191, 195-96, 201-03, 207, 213, 214nl5 Huysmans, Camille 6 Husák, Gustav 316, 329, 331 laroslavskii, Emel’ian 98 Imperial Rule Assistance Association 12, 151-52, 160-61, 163, 168, 173-75 Imperial Way 154, 171 see also Great Way imperialism 3, 32, 66, 73, 115, 155, 231, 255-56, 262 India 62, 72, 118, 120 Indochina 141 Indonesia 31, 42, 53n3, 118, 281 Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers’ Parties see Cominform Inoue Tetsujirö 156 Inozemtsev, Vladislav 18 Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) 212 International Federation of Trade Unions see Amsterdam International International Political Council {Guoji zhengwu pingyihui) 34 International Workingmen’s Association (IWA)
64-66 internationalism 10, 60-63, 65, 68, 70, 71, 73, 77-81, 259 see also transnationalism Inukai Tsuyoshi 53n7 IRAA see Imperial Rule Assistance Association Iran 6, 120 Iraq 120 Iron Guard Movement 53n8 Ishin (magazine) 12, 154, 161, 166-68, 170-72, 174 Ishiwara Kanji 172-73 Italy 11-12, 41, 44, 66, 107-08, 277 Jacobin Club 53n7 Japan 1-5, 11-12, 27, 30, 33, 35-36, 40, 43-44, 46-47, 50-52, 55n25, 132, 134, 138, 143-44, 146, 149n41, 151-54, 157, 159-66, 168-75, 183, 225, 252, 258, 262, 265, 272, 277, 285; Army 33, 45, 128, 136, 144; China as a Japanese Protectorate 36; invasion of China 11, 135, 138, 173; Japanese-Occupied areas in China 226; militarism 143, 172-73, 272; occupation of Korea 262; parties and political organizations 4, 46, 53n7, 153, 174-75 see also Army Ministry (Japan); Imperial Rule Assistance Association; meiböka՛, Sino֊Japanese War Jewish Labor Bund 5 “Jewish Peril” 162 Jews 123n9 Jiang Yong 39, 52 Jiangdong Gate 134 Jiangsu 133-35, 235 Jiaotong University 45 Jilin 38 Jin Yunpeng 34 Jinbudang see Progressive Party Jinnah, Mohammad 118
344 Index Jintie zhuyi shuo see Theory of Gold and Iron Jiuguo yundong xuanyan see National Salvation Declaration John, Oldřich 189 Joint State Political Directorate 92 Juche 258, 264, 268 Justice and Development Party (Turkey) 18 Kadro group 118 Kaganovich, Lazar 92 Kalinin, Mikhail 92, 100 Kaluga 100 Kamenev, Lev 85 Kang Ban-sök 261-62 Kang Youwei 6 Das Kapital 260 Kardelj, Edvard 186, 197, 296, 301, 307, 309, 310n5 Karlin 319 Karpat, Kemal 108 Katõ Hiroyuki 31 Kauchuk Factory 95, 100 Kautsky, Karl 66 KCIA see Korean Central Intelligence Agency Kemalism 107-10, 112, 115, 118, 120, 122 see also Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal (Pasha) Kennedy, John F. 289, 291 Keynes, John Maynard 47 Khamovniki District (Party Conference) 94-95, 98 Khan, Amanullah 120 Kharitonov, Mikhail 101 Khorezm People’s Soviet Republic 180 Khural 201, 215nl7 Kim Hyõng-jik 262 Kim Hyong-uk 286 Kim Il-sung 15, 190, 252, 254-55, 257-58, 260-63, 265, 267n46 Kim Jong-il 257, 262-63 Kim Jong-pil 270, 272-73, 276, 279-81, 285-88, 290-91, 291nl Kim Jong-suk 257-58, 262 Kim Ok-sun 254 Kim Song-ae 258 Kim Tong-ha 289 Kim Tu-bong 190 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes 297 Kirin see Jilin Kita Ikki 167 KMT see Kuomintang Kobetskii, Mikhail 69 Koenen, Wilhelm 72 Kojima Seiichi 167, 172 kokken 166 kokumin 159-60, 163 kokutai 172 Komsomol 100 Konoe Fumimaro 151, 153, 155, 157, 167, 173 Koo, Wellington 50 Kopecký, Václav 323 Korea 2,190-91, 205, 257, 259, 262, 270, 272, 291nl see also Korea (Colonial); Korea (North); Korea (South) Korea (Colonial) 272 Korea (North) 2, 13, 15, 178, 184-85, 190, 197, 202, 207, 251-53,
255-57, 259, 263-64, 265n2, 266n21, 267n35, 287 Korea (South) 15, 53n3, 190, 259, 270, 276, 280, 284, 292n2; army 273 Korea Military Academy (KMA) 271-72 Korean Central Intelligence Agency 276-77, 282, 285-86, 289, 291 Korean Communist Party 183 Korean People’s Army 255 Korean War 205, 253, 257, 272 Kosior, Vladimir 92 Kosice ЗІОпЗ, 321-22 Krasnopresnensky District Conference 97-98 Kreibich, Karl 318 Kremlin 19 Krest’ianka (magazine) 256 Kresťianskaia gazeta (“The Peasant Newspaper”) 86 Krupp 27 Krupskaya, Nadezhda 263 Kung-yen pao see Fair Comment Kuomintang 5, 8, 11, 15, 17, 27, 29, 31, 33-34, 36-38, 42, 49, 52, 54nl4, 54n21, 118-9, 121, 127-46, 147n3-n5, 148n20-n21, 148n23, 148n29, 149n31, 149n39, 149n42, 149n44, 194; 1st Party Congress 131; 3rd Party Congress 133, 137, 142, 146, 149n31; 4th Party Congress 132; Constitution Discussion Committee 54n21; Party flag 131 see also Central Executive Committee
Index Kurds 112, 114-15, 118, 123ո9 Kučan, Milan 305 Kyõwakai see Concordia Association Kyunghyang Shinmun 279, 293n29 Labor Law (North Korea) 251, 266n6 Labor and Socialist International 10, 60-61, 68, 71-72, 74-78, 79-81 Labor Party (Great Britain) 77, 155, 287 Lao People’s Revolutionary Party 17 Laos 1 Last Willand Testament {zongliyishu) 133 Latin America 6, 17 Latvia 184 Lausanne Treaty 123n9 Law against the Foundation of New Parties (Nazi Germany) 12 Law on Fundamental Organization (Turkey) 111 Law on Sex Equality 251, 266n6 Le Bon, Gustave 110 League of Communists (Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, etc.) 303-04; Central Committees 302; Slovenia 310nl; Central Committee (Slovenia) 304 League of Communists of Yugoslavia 13, 16, 186, 296-7, 299, 303, 305, 309; Central Committee 297, 299-300, 302; Ninth Congress 296; Politburo 300 see also Communist Party of Yugoslavia Lebedev, Nikolai Georgievich 190 Legislation Bureau (China) 39, 42 Legislative Sejm 192-93, 196-97, 199-201 Legislative Yuan 138 Leninism 27, 49, 299 see also Marxism-Leninism Lenin, Vladimir Il’ich 5, 9-10, 13, 51, 66-67,73, 85, 88, 91, 98,100,155,207, 210, 250, 259, 261, 263, 302 Leningrad 100 see also Petrograd Levi, Paul 68 Lhasa 40 Li Chuli 233 Li Dazhao 131 Li Guojie 47 Li Hongzhang 28 L’Impartial {Dagongbao , Та-kung Pao) 32, 36-37, 52ո2, 53ո9, 53ո12 Li Shengduo 47 Li Sihao 45, 52 Li Yuanhong 32 345 Liang Guobin 233 Liang Hongzhi 47 Liang Qichao 4, 6, 29, 31, 33-42, 47, 50-51 Liang Shiyi 28, 44 Liangshe see Society of the Good Liberal Democratic Party 285 Liberal Party 279 liberalism 32, 90, 110, 113, 159,
162, 167-69, 171-72, 305; economic liberalism 37; Great Power liberalism 78, 80; New Liberalism 155-56 Liberec 318 Liberia 6 Life Improvement Movement 277 Lin Baishui 32 Linz, Juan 28 List, Friedrich 41; Listianism 27 Lithuania 184 Liu Enge 47 Liu Lantao 233 Liu Shaoqi 193, 227, 237 Ljubljana 297 London 5, 147n5, 321 Longuet, Jean 81nl LSI see Labor and Socialist International Lu Dingyi 233 Lu Rongting 33 Lu Zongyu 45 Luo Ruiqing 233 Luxemburg, Rosa 66, 88 Ma Rui 132, 138 Macedonia 198, 296, 298, 300, 309 Mahayana 171 Malenkov, Georgii Maksimilianovich 211 Manchus 27, 38, 40, 141, 148n21 Manchukuo 143, 173-74, 272, 279 Manchuria 30, 172-73, 184, 193 Manchurian Incident 166 Mandarin literati 8, 37 Mangyongdae 262 Manoilescu, Mihail 53n8 Mao Zedong 56n43, 132, 134, 139, 141, 145, 148n23-24, 149n41, 193, 207, 211, 224-26, 228-32, 236, 251, 263 Maoism 147nl3 Marco Polo Bridge 136 Martial Law 17, 271, 274, 289 Maruyama Tsurukichi 155 Marx, Jenny 260, 267n35
346 Index Marx, Karl 64-65, 71, 81nl, 89, 250, 259-60, 267n35, 270 Marxism 5, 9, 15, 40, 46, 99, 115, 120, 204, 251-52, 264 Marxism-Leninism 15,187, 250, 252-53, 259, 264 see also Leninism Masaryk, Tomáš 320, 323 Mass Movement Work Teams 226-27 Matsui Iwane 154, 167 May 16 Coup 271-72, 277, 286 May Fourth Movement 30 meibõka (Japanese local leaders) 43, 157 Meiji 3,36,151-52,158,165-66,170,173, 281 see also Constitution of Japan Menotti Serrati, Giacinto 74 Mensheviks 5, 96 Meso-America 291 Metropolitan Police 44-45 Mexico 6, 118, 120, 291 Meyer, Ernst 69 Michael I 187 Middle East 37 Mikulié, Branko 304 militarism 3, 12, 66, 272 Military Revolution Committee 271, 274-75 Miloševič, Slobodan 310 Minbao 136, 147n9, 148nl9 Mine, Hilary 208 Ministry of Finance (South Korea) 278 Ministry of Public Security (China) 233 Minjok libo 274 Minxian julebu see Anfu Club Minyoushe see People’s Friends Society Minzhi shuju 128, 140-41, 147nl0 Mobutu, Joseph-Désiré 53n3 Mochou Road 136 Modernization Association (Vietnam) 6 Molotov, Viacheslav 86 monarchical restoration 32 monarchism 37; constitutional monarchism 6, 29, 31, 41, 47 Mongolia 1, 13, 40, 141, 143, 178-79, 181, 184, 186, 194-96, 199, 201-03, 207-08, 214Ո13, 215nl7 Mongolian People’s Party 17 Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party 184 Mons see École des Mines de Mons Montenegro 296, 310 Month of Friendship 212 moralité civique 112 Morocco 77, 82n28 Moscow 62, 67-69, 73, 88-95, 97-98, 117,178,180,184-86, 189-93,208-10, 213, 319-21, 323 Moscow Committee (RCP) 93, 95, 100 see also Communist Party (Russia) Moscow Institute of National
Economy 89 Moscow Military District 93, 102n8 Moscow Provincial Conference 96-98 Moscow State Tram Depot 88 Moscow Trials 316 “Mother of all” see Kang Ban-sök “Mother of Korea” see Kang Ban-sök Mourning Records (Aisilu) 140 Mukden Incident 138 Mun Hong-ju 274 Munich Agreement 320 Muranov, Matvei 99 Muslim League 118 Muslims 38, 40, 110-11, 119-20, 123n9 Mussolini, Benito 115 Nagano 154, 168 Nagata Tetsuzan 153 Nakahara Kinji 154, 168 Nakatani Takeyo 154, 167-68 Namba Daisuke 162 Nanjing 128-30, 132-37, 140-41, 145, 148n23, 148n27, 235; Decade 128-29, 137, 139, 143, 145, 148n29; Rape of 136 Nasser, Gamal Abdel 118, 120, 280-81 nation-building 11, 19nl, 111, 118, 121, 128, 145 see also state-building National Assembly (Bulgaria) 187 National Assembly (China) 133, 142-43 National Assembly (Czechoslovakia) 199-200, 322-23, 325-28 National Assembly (Romania) 187-89, 201, 206, 208 National Assembly (South Korea) 282, 288, 290 National Congress of Mothers 260 National Council (Slovakia) 199, 329 National Defence Cabinet (China) 33-34, 54nl4 National Democratic Bloc (Romania) 187 National Fascist Party (PNF) 12 National Federation of Industrial Guilds (Japan) 152 National Éront (Czechoslovakia) 18, 189-90, 322-26, 328
Index 347 National Front Act 328 “national holism” 168 National Library (China) 53n2 National New Life Movement (South Korea) 276 National People’s Congress (PRC) 193-94, 199-201, 255; Standing Committee 200 National Reconstruction Movement (South Korea) 276-78 National Revolution Propaganda Collections (Guomin geming xuanchuan Jí) 141 National Revolutionary Army (China) 131, 140, 149ո36 National Revolutionary Party (Mexico) 291 National Salvation Declaration (Jiuguo yundong xuanyan) 143 National Socialism 109, 172 National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP) 12, 124nl7 National Union (Portugal) 12 nationalism 3, 11-13, 16, 108, 110-12, 119, 159-60, 166, 171-72, 260, 323 Nazarov 86, 96 Nazism 11-12, 113, 116, 124nl7, 208, 276, 321-23 see also National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP) Nehru, Jawaharlal 118 Nemtsov, Nikolai 95 Netherlands 75 New Bureaucrats (Japan) 158 New Communications Clique (NCC) 42, 44-45 New Economic Policy (NEP) 85 New International 60, 65, 67-68, 74, 76 see also Second International New Order Movement (Japan) 151, 154, 167 Declaration 174 New People’s Daily 47 New Politics Party (South Korea) 289 New Village Movement (South Korea) 277 Ni Sichong 43 Nishihara, Kamezõ 30, 33 Nogi Maresuke 173 Non-Turkish ethnic identities 112 Nongmin yundong xuanchuan dagang see Propaganda Outline for the Workers’ Movement North Korea see Korea (North) North Sea Fleet 28 Northern Expedition 132, 140 Nosek, Václav 324 Novotný, Antonín 208, 327-28 NSDAP see National Socialist German Workers’ Party Nyöngbyõn 256 October Revolution see Russian Revolution Okada
cabinet 161 Okuma Shigenobu 36, 173 Old Communications Clique (OCC) 42, 44-45 one-party regimes 1, 2, 6, 11, 13, 17, 191 see also single-party regimes opposition 7, 18, 40, 67, 75, 77, 85-102, 107, 111, 115-17, 119, 121, 138, 142, 147nl2, 151, 165, 168, 175, 185-87, 189, 192, 210, 289, 297-98, 322-23 organicism 7-8, 26, 31-32 Organizational-Political Council (Yugoslavia) 300 Ottoman Empire 1, 5-8,19, 109-10,112, 123n8, 175 Ottomanism 7, 112, 122 Our Nation’s Future Path: An Ideology of Social Reconstruction 280, 283 Overseas Chinese Caucus 40 Ozaki Yukio 53n7 Pak Chong-ae 255 Pakistan 118, 280-81 Pan-Asianism 6, 154, 167 Pan-Islam 109, 112 Panama 48 Panchen Lama 40 Pan-Slavic 323 Paris 65-66, 75 Paris Commune Factory 92 Park Chung-hee 15, 53n3, 270, 272-73, 278-79, 286, 288, 290, 291nl Park Sang-hûi 272 Parliament Organisation Act Amendment Bill (China) 38, 41 parliamentarianism 9, 10, 86-8, 95, 159, 170-71 Parliamentary Standing Committee (Czechoslovakia) 321 Party Committee and Government see Mass Movement Work Teams Party Purification Movement (China) 132, 141—42, 146 Party of Labor (Albania) 186, 203-05
348 Index Pauker, Ana 208 Paxton, Robert О. 37 Peasant Associations (China) 226-27 pedagogical state 11, 118, 128, 136, 138-39, 145-46, 147n6, 158, 174, 264 Peiyang see Beiyang Peking see Beijing Peking University 45 People’s Assembly (Albania) 207 People’s Assembly (Bulgaria) 210 People’s Assembly (Far Eastern Republic) 181 People’s Assembly (North Korea) 190, 207, 255 People’s Assembly (Ukraine) 180 People’s Assembly (USSR) 180-81 People’s Assembly (Yugoslavia) 199-200, 207 People’s Chamber (Germany) 199-200 People’s Commissariat of War (Hungary) 72 People’s Commissariat of Finance (Russia) 101 people’s democracy 179-80, 183-84,189, 195, 203-04, 207, 213, 214n3, 256, ЗІОпЗ; people’s democratic dictatorship 193 People’s Friends Society (China) 33 People’s Front 185, 298, ЗІОпЗ, ЗИпІО People’s Houses (halkevleri) 116-17, 123nl5 People’s Militias (Czechoslovakia) 324 People’s Party (Poland) 192 People’s Party (South Korean) 289 People’s Party (Turkey) see Republican People’s Party (CHP) People’s Republic of China 18, 34, 52, 129, 137, 147n6, 193, 214n3, 227, 231, 253, 255, 264-65, 281, 288 People’s Republic of Poland 214nl see also Republic of Poland People’s Republic of Tannu-Tuva 180 People’s Rooms (halkodaları) 116-17 People’s Supreme Assembly (North Korea) 258 Perestroika 16, 330 Peron, Juan 118 Persia 3 Peru 41 Pétain, Philippe 37 Petrograd 9, 68, 90, 99, 180 see also Leningrad Phan Boi Châu 6 Phan Châu Trinh 6 Piatakov, Georgii 88 Pieck, Wilhelm 206, 208 Pijade, Moša 186 Pinochet, Augusto 291 Planinc, Milka 307 Plekhanov, Georgii Valentinovich 5 pluralism 28, 30, 32,
35-37, 50-51, 109-10, 160 PNF see National Fascist Party Pogány, József 72 Polak, Karl 192 Poland 1, 13, 69, 178, 184-85, 192, 195-96, 200-03, 206, 208, 210, 214nl Political Information Society (Zhengwenshe) 6 Political Parties Act (South Korea) 284-85, 288 Political Science Society (Zhengxuehui) 33-34, 54nl4 Ponce, Mariano 6 Popular Constitutional Club see Anfu Club Popular Democratic Front 188 Popular Front (Spain) 183-84 Popular Movement of the Revolution 53n3 populism 36, 113, 119-20, 122 Porfirio Díaz 6 Portugal 12, 16, 66 Posadchik Factory 92 Potrč, Miran 303-04 Prague Castle 25 Prague Spring 14-15, 328-30 Prague 189, 209, 319, 324-25 Pravda (“Truth”) 52n2, 88, 90, 95-96, 99 PRC see People’s Republic of China Prefectural Party Committee 237 Premier of the State Council 46 Preobrazhenskii, Evgenii 90-92, 95-97 Presidential Funeral Preparation Office 140 Presidential Palace 32 Presidium of the Supreme Soviet 182, 199 Press Act (Czechoslovakia) 328 Progressive-Anfu System 8, 26, 32, 37-38 Progressive Party 8, 26, 29, 32-35, 37, 42, 44, 53n5, 54nl4 see also Research Clique Progressive Republican Party 116 proletarian dictatorship 9, 191, 193
Index 349 Propaganda Outline for the Peasant Movement (Gongren yundong xuanchuan dagang) 141 Propaganda Outline for the Workers’ Movement (Nongmin yundong xuanchuan dagang) 141 Propaganda state 11, 129, 132, 145 Propaganda: The Formation of Men’s Attitudes 129 see also Ellul, Jacques Protecting the Party Saving the Nation (Hudang jiuguo zhi wenshu) 141 Provincial Assemblies (China) 42, 49; Jiangsu 133 Provincial Committee (CCP); Hebei 232; Jiangsu 235; Shanxi 233 Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China (1912) 7, 32 Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China (1931) 12, 118-19 Provisional Constitution of the Romanian People’s Republic 188 Provisional President (Republic of China) 28 Provisional Senate 29, 36-39, 42; Committee of the Whole 42 Prussia 40 PSR see Socialist Revolutionary Party Publications Law (Republic of China) 135 Purification Act (Act on the Purification of Political Activities) 279, 281, 284, 286-288, 291 Pusan 284 Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich 18 Puyi 8, 28-29, 34, 37, 173 Pyongyang 190, 254 Qian Ying 233 Qing Empire 1, 3-8, 19, 31, 45, 47, 127-28, 146nl, 148Ո19, 175; army 45 Qinhuai District 136 Rabotnitsa (magazine) 256 Radek, Karl 69, 87 radicalism 37, 39, 272 Rákosi, Mátyás 190-91, 207, 209-10, 212 Rathenau, Walther 36 RCP (b) see Communist Party (Russia) Reconstruction Comrade Group 286-87 Recreation Club (China) 54nl4 Rectification Movement 228, 230 Red Army (China) 226, 228-29; (Soviet Union) 184, 318 Red Terror (1917) 5 Red Trade Union International 75 Reed, John 69 Reform Club 53n7 Reichenbach, Bernhard 72 Reichenberg see Liberec
Reichstag 40 representative democracy 168 Republic of China 6-7, 15, 26, 50, 127, 131, 144, 193, 195, 197, 199; 1912 Parliament 29, 36; 1912 Senate 38; Senate Review Committee 39 Republic of Korea see Korea (South) Republic of Poland 196, 199, 200-1, 214 see also People’s Republic of Poland Republican Club see Anfu Club Republican People’s Party (CHP) 11, 107-22, 123nl, 123n3, 123n6-8, 123nl4-15, 123nl7; Second Congress 123n6 republicanism 11, 29, 46, 108, 110, 112, 271 Research Clique 29, 42-44 Resolution against War and Militarism 66 Resources Bureau (Japanese Army) 161 Restoration Association (Vietnam) 6 Revolution of 1911 (China) 28, 37 Revolutionary Alliance (Tongmenghui) 5-6, 8, 136, 148nl9 Revolutionary Army (Gerning juri) 136 Revolutionary Cabinet (South Korea) 274 Revolutionary Government (South Korea) 278 Revolutionary Pledges (South Korea) 271, 273-75, 283, 286-87 Reza Shah 120 Rhee Syngman 271, 275, 278-79, 280 Riazanov, David 87 Ribarič, Miha 303-04 Rif War 77 ROC see Republic of China Rodong Sinmun 254, 257, 259 Rogozhsko-Simonovsky district 97-98 Rokossovskii, Konstantin Konstantinovich 192 Romanenko, Andrei Alekseevich 190 Romania 1, 13, 53n8, 178, 184-85, 187-89, 195-98, 201-04, 206-11, 213, 214nl6; People’s Republic 187-88 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 110 Roy, Μ. N. 72
350 Index RSDLP see Russian Social Democratic Labor Party Ruan Xingcun 49 Rudnyánszky, Endre 69 Ruijin 228 Russia 1-6, 9, 18-19, 68-70, 72-73, 75, 80, 91, 93, 102nl, 175, 178-80, 210, 250, 267n35, 318; Russian Empire 5, 9 see also Soviet Russia Russian Civil War (1918-1922) 9 Russian Revolution 3, 68-69, 80, 250, 264; Revolution of 1905-1907 3; February Revolution 37; October Revolution 60, 85, 181, 203, 218 Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP) 5 Rykov, Alexei 86 Sadchikov, Ivan Vasil’evich 186, 196-97 Saenara Automobiles 288 Sai Jinhua 47 Sanmin zhuyi see Three Principles of the People Sanminbao see Three People’s Newspaper Sapronov, Timofei 87, 90-92, 95-98 Sasangye (magazine) 285 Schwab, Alexander 71, 82nll Second International 6, 10, 61, 65-68, 71, 74, 81nl see also New International Second Republic (South Korea) 281, 283 Second World War 13, 15-16, 42, 81, 119, 155, 162, 178-79, 181, 253, 293, 299, 331 secret police 184-85, 191-92, 210, 331 Sein min choong bou 4 Šejna, Jan 327 Senate (Ireland) 38, 42 Seoul 271, 284, 290 Serbia 296, 298, 300, 303, 310 Serebriakov 94 Seth, James 156 Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region Government 230 Shaanxi 229 Shanghai 6, 45, 127-32, 134-36, 139-43, 145, 147n4, 147Ո10, 194 Shangwu yinshuguan see Commercial Press Shanxi 226, 233, 236 Shao Cong’en 54n24 Shao Yuanchong 138 Shchetinin, Boris Vasil’evich 190 Shimonaka Yasaburõ 154, 172 Shin Nihon Domei see Alliance for a New Japan Shinsei 156, 158, 160-65 Shinsei Club 53n7 Shtykov, Terentii Fomich 190 Shuntian Shibao 52n2 Shõwa Restoration 167 Siberia 91, 100 Sichuan 134, 148n27 single-
party regimes 1-2, 4, 11, 17, 19, 35, 86, 107, 121-22, 175 see also oneparty regimes Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) 28, 134, 136, 148n27, 225-28, 241, 257, 261 Sino-Soviet split 179, 237 Sixteenth Printing House 92 Skvortsov-Stepanov, Ivan 95 Slavic peoples 197-198, 203, 325 Slovak Soviet Republic 320 Slovakia 189, 198-99, 203, 320-25, 328-29, 332 Slovenia 16, 296-301, 303-09, 310nl, ЗІОпІЗ Slovenian Assembly 301, 303-04, 309 Slovenian Public Opinion 305 Slánský, Rudolf 189, 323, 332n3 Small Bureau 68-70 Small Khural see Khural Smeral, Bohumír 318 Smirnov, Ivan 92, 94 Smirnov, Vladimir 88 Sneevliet, Henk 132 Social Democratic Party (Czechoslovakia) 317-18 Social Democratic Party (Germany) 191 Social Democratic Party (Romania) 188 Social Democrats 5, 41, 191, 318-19 Social Labor Party 287 Social Masses Party 151, 153 social organicism see organicism Social and Health Council (Yugoslavia) 300 Socialist Commonwealth 75 Socialist Education Movement 224, 237-41 Socialist Party (Italy) 74 Socialist Party (Poland) 192 Socialist Party (Serbia) 310 Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR) 5, 9 Socialist Unity Party of Germany 18, 191
Index 351 Socialist Workers’ Party of Yugoslavia 298, 303 Society of the Good (Liangshe) 49 Socio-Political Chamber 301 Sokol 326 Sokolniki 92 Song Jiaoren 8 Song Yo-ch’an 287 Sormovo plants 100 Sosnovskii, Lev 92 South America 291 South Hwanghae 259 South Korea see Korea (South) Southeastern Europe ЗІОпЗ Soviet Empire 13, 178-81, 207, 211, 213, 311Ո14 Soviet government 9, 74-77, 100, 204, 213, 226 Soviet legislative elections of 1937 12 Soviet Occupation Zone 191 Soviet Occupational Administration 252 Soviet Russia 62, 67-68, 85, 129, 181, 253 Soviet Union 1, 2, 9, 10-12, 14-16, 18, 19nl, 43, 62, 77, 85, 107-08, 113, 116, 119, 120, 162, 173, 178-187, 192, 195-97, 200, 203-04, 207-08, 211-3, 237, 249-250, 251, 253, 256, 259, 263^1, 265, 266nl2, 266n21, 316, 320-21 see also Soviet Russia Soviet Union (magazine) 179 Soviet of Nationalities 182 see also Supreme Soviet Soviet of the Union 182 see also Supreme Soviet Soviet-Hungarian Economic Agreement 191 Soviet-Yugoslav split 179,185-6 Sovetsku Soiuz see Soviet Union (magazine) Spain 11, 16, 31,41,77, 183 Spanish Civil War 183-84 Spartakiads 326 Spirit of the Yellow Emperor (Huangdi hun) 136 “Spring Festival Commemorative Issues” (Chunjie jiniankan) 137 SPS see Socialist Party (Serbia) SSSR na stroike see USSR in Construction stage theory of history 132; military stage 133; tutelage stage 12, 133, 135, 145—46; constitutional stage 133 Stalin Constitution see Constitution of the USSR (1936) Stalin, Iosif Vissarionovich 12, 85-86, 88-89, 115, 119, 178, 182-84, 187-91, 193, 196, 204, 207-11, 213, 263, 325 State Alcohol see
Gosspirt state capitalism 26 state corporatism 26, 30-31, 33, 51 State Council 32-34, 36, 39, 46, 54nl4, 192, 200-01, 235 State Duma 3, 5, 18-19 State Planning Committee 254 state socialism 27, 30, 47 state-building 2, 11, 13, 15, 26-7, 107, 129-30, 133, 137, 139-40, 145, 197, 204, 209 see also nation-building “Statement of the Forty-Six” 92 The State, The Revolution, and 1280 statism 29, 31, 34, 37, 46, 122, 127, 139, 146, 155-56, 165, 171 Steinhardt, Karl 70 Stuttgart 66 Sudetenland 318 Suharto 31 Sukarno 31, 118, 281 Sultan 111 Sun Ke 133 Sun Runyu 53nl0 Sun Yat-sen 6, 11, 27, 28-30, 118, 128, 130,132-33,136,138-39, 140-41,143, 114-16, 148Ո18, 148n30, 207, 281 Sun Zengda 43 Supreme Council Review 281, 288 Supreme Council for National Reconstruction (SCNR) 275-79, 281-83, 285-88 Supreme National Assembly (North Korea) 201 see also Supreme People’s Assembly (North Korea) Supreme National Council (Hungary) 191 Supreme People’s Assembly (North Korea) 190, 207, 255 see also Supreme National Assembly (North Korea) Supreme Soviet 182, 187, 199, 212 Suslov, Mikhail Andreevich 191 Switzerland 31, 53nl0 Syria 120 Szabó, Imre 191 Siikhbaatar, Damdiny 207 Ta-Kung Pao see L’Impartial Taborsky, Edward 190
352 Index Taishö era 162 Taiwan 15, 17, 129 Taizhou 49 Takahashi Kamekichi 167 Tan Yankai 133 Tangshan 237-38, 240 Taoyuan 237, 239—40 Tazawa Yoshihara 153, 155-7, 159, 161, 164-65 Ten-Person Group (Jiangsu) 235 see also Central Ten-Person Small Group Ter-Vaganian, Vagarshak 92 Terauchi, Masatake 30, 33, 36 Tereshkova, Valentina 265 The Theory and Policy of Labour Protection 40 Theory of Gold and Iron (Jintie zhuyi shuo) 53n9 “Theses on the Main Tasks of the Communist International” 67-68 Third International 67-68, 71, 79-80 Third Republic (France) 46, 110, 112; Constitutional Laws 32 Third Republic Constitution (Korea) 276, 281-83 third wave of democratization 16 Third World 26 Three People’s Newspaper (Sanminbao) 141 Three Principles of the People (Sanmin zhuyi) 119, 128, 133, 138, 140, 142, 146, 148n20 Three-Person Groups 229-30, 235 Three-Year Plan (South Korea) 278 Tian Jiaying 193 Tian Yinghuang 45, 47 Tianjin 29, 34, 37, 47-48, 135 Tibet 141 Tiefeng chubanshe 129 Tientsin see Tianjin Tientsin Council for the Upholding of National Rights and Territory 48 Ting, Lee-Hsia Su 129 Tito, Josip Broz 185, 297, 300, 307 Tocqueville effect 17 Tõge Minora 161 Tokutomi Sohõ 173 Tokyo 5, 45, 148Ո19, 173 Tokyo Imperial University 54n24 Tomsk Regional Party Committee 101 Tongmenghui see Revolutionary Alliance Tongyi jiuguo lilun gangling see Unified National Salvation Theory and Program Toranomon Incident 162 “Toward the People” (halka doğru) campaign 123nl 1 Trainin, Il’ia Pavlovich 187 transnationalism 62-63 see also internationalism Triumvirate (“Troika”) 85, 90 Troelstra, Pieter
76 Trotskii, Lev 71-73, 78, 85, 87-88, 91, 99 Trad i Tvorchestvo Plant 100 True Whig Party 6 Tsukui Tatsuo 154, 170 Tuan Ch’i-jui see Duan Qirai tuchun 33-34 Tunisia 118, 120 Turkestan 72 Turkey 2, 7, 11, 18, 107-09, 110-22, 123n3, 123n7, 123n9, 123nl4, 124nl7, 281; as a model 108, 120 Turkish Hearths (Türk ocakları) 116 Turkish History Thesis 119, 123nl2 Turkish Revolution 120, 123n6 Turkish Teacher’s Union 116 Turkish War of Independence 107 Turkish Women’s Union 116 Turkism 111-12, 115 Turnaoğlu, Banu 7, 111, 123n7 tutelage see stage theory of history Tutelage Constitution see Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China (1931) Tuvan People’s Revolutionary Party 184 Türk ocakları see Turkish Hearths Twenty-One Demands for China 36 Two-and-a Half International 71 two-party system 35, 285, 288 Ueda Teijirõ 155 Uighur 141 Ukraine 184 Ulyanova, Maria 261 UN see United Nations Unified National Salvation (Movement) 143-44, 149n42 Unified National Salvation Theory and Program (Tongyi jiuguo lilun gangling) 143 Union and Progress Party 310 see also Committee for Union and Progress
Index 353 United Front (China) 131-32, 137, 143, 193 United Nations 63, 81, 271, 274; Charter 272; Security Council 187 United Russia 18 United Workers’ Party (Poland) 192 United States 39, 64, 71-72, 77-78, 270-74, 278-79, 282, 289, 291 Ural Bureau of the Central Committee 101 USA see United States USSR see Soviet Union USSR in Construction (SSSR na stróiké) 179 Vandervelde, Émile 6 VKP (b) see Bolsheviks Vargas, Getúlio 118 Vasileostrovsky District Committee 100 Versailles Peace Treaty 60, 75-76 Vichy 37 Vienna Union 74-75 Vietnam 2, 6, 17 Vladislav Hall 325 vocational corporations 41 Voskresensk District Party Conference 96 Vukovar 298 Vyshinskii, Andrei lanuar’evich 187-88 WPK see Workers’ Party (North Korea) WWI see First World War WWII see Second World War Walkerhill Hotel 288 Wang Guangmei 237 Wang Jingwei 36, 131-32 Wang Ming 183 Wang Shizhen 34, 39 Wang Yinchuan 45, 47 Wang Yitang 47 Wang Zhilong 47, 52n2 War Bill (Republic of China) 34 War Participation Supervisory Office (Duban canzhan shiwuchu) 30 Warlord Era 26, 131 Warsaw Pact (Warsaw Treaty Organization) 14, 179, 231, 328 Waseda University 39, 45, 47, 168 Washington 298 Wei Sijiong 47 Weimar 276 Wenceslas Square 324 Wenhuajie 127, 147n2, 147nl0 Wenzhou 49 West 2, 46, 50-51, 86, 110, 115, 119-20, 192, 251, 328 West Germany see Germany (West) Western Europe 2, 11, 64, 72, 110, 119, 191, 280, 296, 320 Whampoa Military Academy 131 White House 278 White Terror 132 White, Theodore 130, 146 Wilson, Woodrow 32 Women’s International Democratic Federation 259 workers’ democracy 10, 85-86, 88, 90, 93-94 Workers’ Party
(Bulgaria) 187 Workers’ Party (North Korea) 15, 190, 204, 207, 251-65, 265n2, 287; Central Committee 254-55, 258-59 Workers’ Party (Poland) 184, 192 Workers’ Party (Romania) 188, 204 Worker’s Party (South Korea) 272 World Exposition 48 World War see First World War; Second World War II Wu Bingxiang 45 Wu Dingchang 45 Wu Zesheng 47 Wu Zonglian 43 Wuhan 134 Xi Jinping 17 Xi’an Incident 143 Xianyouhui see Association of Friends of Constitutionalism Xiao Hua 233 Xiehehui see Concordia Association Xinminbao see New People’s Daily Xu Shichang 28, 30 Xu Shuzheng 27-29, 43, 45, 52n2, 53n7 Xuanchuanbu see Department of Propaganda see also Gaiyao Xunzheng dagang cao’an see Draft Outline of the Tutelage Stage Yamagata Aritomo 36 Yang Du 31, 52, 53n9 Yang Qiqing 233 Yangzi River 128, 136 Yao Guozhen 45 Yao Zhen 45 Yaroslavl 100 Yasuoka Masahiro 157-58
354 Index Ye Chucang 133-35, 145 Ye Gongchuo 44, 52 Yi Sõk-che 276 Yin Shuxian 134 Yiyoushe see Good Friends Yokohama 4 Yõm Chõng-ja 256 Yö-Sun Incident 272 Young China Party 17, 27 Young Turk Revolution 3, 6-7, 109, 113 Young Turks 36-37, 110, 123nll Yu Chin-o 277, 281 Yuan Shikai 26, 28-29, 43, 47, 50 Yugoslavia 1-2, 13, 16, 178-79, 184-86, 195-99, 200-02, 204, 297, 298-300, 302, 304-08, 310n3֊4 Yun Po-sõn 274, 289 Yushin see Constitution of the ROK (Yushin Constitution) Yuyuan Textiles Mill 47 ZKS see Communist Party (Slovenia) Zachariadis, Nikos 183 Zaire 53n3 Zamoskvoretsky District 89, 92, 97 Zang Yinsong 47 Zápotocký, Antonín 208, 211 Zeng Yujun 34, 45, 52 Zhang Guogan 54nl4 Zhang Ji 130-31 Zhang Shizhao 33, 52, 54nl4 Zhang Wentian 229, 242nl3 Zhang Xun 29, 34, 37, 43, 46 Zhang Yuanqi 47 Zhdanov, Andrei Aleksandrovich 185, 190 Zhejiang 43, 49, 134, 149n31 Zhejiang Education Association 43 Zhengwenshe see Political Information Society Zhengxuehui see Political Science Society Zhengzhong shuju 129 Zhili 30 Zhili Faction 44 Zhong Gengyan 54n24 Zhongguo Guomindang see Kuomintang Zhonghua Books 139 Zhongxuanbu see Central Propaganda Department Zhongyang banyuekan see Central Party Biweekly Zhongyang dangshi shiliao bianzuan weiyuanhui see Central Party History Department’s Historical Materials Compilation Committee Zhongyang ribao see Central Daily News Zhongyang tongxunshe see Central News Agency Zhongyang zhoubao 133-35, 137—40, 142-43, 145-46, 148n27, 149n43 Zhou Enlai 148n23֊24, 149n41, 229 Zhou Jiying 49 Zhou Yang 233 Zhu De 226 Zhu Yunguang 133, 135 Zhu Zishuang
135, 138, 143-45, 148n28 Ziherl, Boris 204 Zinov’ev, Grigorii 68 Ziya, Gökalp 111 Ziya, Mehmet 111 ZKJ see League of Communists of Yugoslavia Zongli yishu see Last Will and Testament Zorin, Valerian Aleksandrovich 91, 189, 210 Zou Rong 136 Zunyi 229, 242Ո13-15
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Contents List offigures Author bios Acknowledgments vii ix xiii Introduction: Parties from Vanguards to Governments 1 IVAN SABLIN AND EGAS MONIZ BANDEIRA 1 The birth of Anfu China, East Asia’s first party-state: Toward a constitutional dictatorship of the gentry, 1916-1918 26 ERNEST MING-TAK LEUNG 2 The Communist International: A party of parties confronting interwar internationalisms, 1920-1925 60 VSEVOLOD KRITSKIY 3 The Left Opposition and the practices of parliamentarianism within the Bolshevik Party, 1923-1924 85 ALEXANDER V. REZNIK 4 Importing and exporting ideas of nationalism and state-building: The experience of Turkey’s Republican People’s Party, 1923-1950 107 PAUL KUBICEK 5 Competing with the marketplace: The Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT)’s Department of Propaganda and its political publishing program, 1924-1937 CHRISTOPHER A. REED 127
vi Contents 6 Aspirations for a mass political party in prewar imperial Japan: Conflicting visions of national mobilization 151 BRUCE GROVER AND EGAS MONIZ BANDEIRA 7 Constitution-making in the informal Soviet empire in Eastern Europe, East Asia, and Inner Asia, 1945-1955 178 IVAN SABLIN 8 Work teams, leading small groups, and the making of modern Chinese bureaucracy, 1929-1966 223 LONG YANG 9 From revolutionary comrades to “mothers of the nation”: The Workers’ Party of Korea’s approach to the role of women in the 1950s-1960s 250 NATALIA MATVEEVA 10 The dawn before one-party dominance: South Korea’s road to party politics under the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, 1961-1963 270 KYONGHEE LEE 11 The Yugoslav federation and the concept of one ruling party in its final hour 296 JURE GASPARIČ 12 The vanguard’s changing tempo: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and government institutions, 1921-1990 316 ADÉLA GJURIČOVÁ Index 336
Index АКР see Justice and Development Party Abramovich, įsai 89 Academic Electoral College 41 Act on the National Assembly Election 284 Act on the National Reconstruction Movement 276-77 Act on the Parliamentary Election 284 Action Committee 324—25 Adler, Friedrich 74 Advisory Council 8, 38 Afghanistan 120 Africa 118, 120, 250 Aisilu see Mourning Records Akamatsu Katsumaro 154, 167 Albania 1, 13, 178-79, 184-86, 195-97, 199-205, 207, 211-14 Albanian-Soviet split 179 АП-Russian Central Executive Committee 181 see also Central Executive Committee (VKP [b]); Executive Committee (Comintern; ECCI); All-Russian Conference 93 All-Russian Congresses of Soviets 181 All-Union Party Conference 90 Alliance for a New Japan 12, 153-61, 163-64, 173-75, 175n* Allilueva, Nadezhda 263 Amendment Bill 38-39, 41 America 32, 72-73, 250, 256 see also Americas, Latin America, South America, USA Americas 2 Amsterdam International 61 An Hyon-won 254 Andreichin, Georgii 90 Anfu Club 1, 8, 26-32, 39, 42-50, 52n2, 56n43; Charter 44, 46; Congress 27, 46; Council 27, 44, 49, 52n2; correspondence offices 48; Diplomatic Liaison Division 47; extraparliamentary councillors 44; Office Establishment Commissioner 48; Political Investigation Committee 46-47 Anfu Regime 9, 26-27, 30-31,42, 47, 52; in parliament 26, 51 Anglo-American 184 Anhui 28, 30, 43-44, 139, 143 Anhui Faction 30, 44 April Revolution 271, 273, 275, 278 Araki Sadao 167 Argentina 118 see also Argentinian Revolution Argentinian Revolution 291 Arima Yoriyasu 152, 173 Armenians 7 Army Cavalry School (France) 43 Army Ministry (China) 43 Army
Ministry (Japan) 168 Asahara Kenzo 173 Asia 118, 178, 250, 257, 280 see also Central Asia, East Asia Asquith, Herbert 33 Assemblies (Yugoslavia) 297, 300-01, 303-04, 306 Assembly of Nations 300 Association of Friends of Constitutionalism 8 Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal (Pasha) 11, 107, 123n2, 281 see also Kemalism Attitudes that Revolutionary Comrades Should Hold Regarding the Hunan Hubei Party Purification Movements 141 Austria 33, 184, 189
Index Austria-Hungary 318 authoritarianism 17, 19, 31, 43, 50, 108, 121, 152, 156, 175, 317, 320, 322 Ayub Khan, Muhammed 118, 280-81 Axis Powers 184, 294 Babiš, Andrej 331 Bakunin, Mikhail 64 Balkan crisis (1912) 7 Bank of Communications 44 Basque Country 184 Bauer, Otto 74 Baumansky District 94 Bednota (magazine) 86 Beijing 28-29, 32, 34, 36-37, 43, 45, 47-49, 53n2, 131, 148n29 see also Beiping Beiping 135-36, 148n29 see also Beijing Beiyang 28-30, 33-35, 37, 43, 47 Beiyang-Kuomintang-Progressive coalition cabinet 33 Belgium 6, 41, 43, 76 Belgrade 297, 302, 309 Belgrade Political Bureau 302 Bell, Thomas 72 Belogurova, Anna 62 Beneš, Edvard 189-90, ЗІОпЗ, 320, 324 Berlin Blockade 192 Berlin Conference 75 Berlin Wall 18 Berlin War College 27 Berman, Jakub 208 Berufskörperschaften see vocational corporations Bessarabia 184 Beér, János 191 Bian Yinchang 47 bicameralism 39, 55n25, 283, 301 Bierut, Bolesław 192, 208 Bismarck, Otto von 40, 47 Bluntschli, Johann Kaspar 31, 36 Bohemia see Sudetenland Bo Gu 228 bokumin 158 Bolsheviks (VKP [b]) 1, 5, 9-Ю, 12, 19nl, 60-63, 67-69, 70-72, 75, 79-80, 85-87, 93, 96, 149n39, 179-82, 185, 188-89, 192, 198, 204, 210-211, 213, 214n2, 215n34, 253, 310n7, 299, 319; Central Committee 85-101, 182; Foreign Policy Department 191; Politbiuro 182, 190 see also Communist Party (Russia) ЪЪӀ Boshin Imperial Rescript 160 Bosnia and Herzegovina 296, 298, 300, 309 bourgeois dictatorship 37 Bourgeoisie 9, 68, 71, 73, 86, 183, 193, 197, 214nl6, 259n, 310n2, 322 Bourguiba, Habib Ali 118 Brand, Henryk 78 Brazil 118 Breslav, Boris 92-93 Britain 34, 39, 45,
75-77, 147n5, 288 Brussels 5, 65 Bryce, James 39 Buddhism see Mahayana Bukharan People’s Soviet Republic 180 Bukharin, Nikolai 68, 92 Bulganin, Nikolai Aleksandrovich 211 Bulgaria 1, 13, 179, 184, 186-87, 195, 197, 201-02, 207, 210, 213 Bulgarian Fatherland Front 204 Bureaucratization 11, 85-86 Burke, Edmund 53n9, 113 Buxton, C. R. 77 Cabinet Planning Board 161 Caliph 111 Campaign to Wipe Out Hidden Counterrevolutionaries 224, 230-31 Canton see Guangzhou Cao Rulin 45 Cardenas, Lazaro 118 Catalonia 184 Catholic Church 192, 210 CCP see Communist Party (China) Central Academic Caucus 38, 40—41, 43, 54n21 Central Asia 119, 264 Central Broadcasting Station 134 Central Committee see Communist Parties; Democratic Women’s Union; League of Communists of Slovenia; Polish United Workers’ Party; Workers’ Party of Korea Central Committee General Study Committee 230, 236 Central Control Commission 87, 98 Central Daily News 134 Central Europe ЗІОпЗ, 320 Central Executive Committee (KMT) 139-40, 142-44, 149n35, 181 see also Kuomintang Central Executive Committee (VKP [b]) 92
338 Index Central Five-Person Small Group 231 Central Information Study Committee 276 Central News Agency 133-34 Central Party Biweekly 140 Central Party History Department’s Historical Materials Compilation Committee 143 Central Propaganda Department (CCP) 231, 233 Central Propaganda Department (KMT) 130, 133 see also Department of Propaganda Central Rada (Ukraine) 180 Central Revolutionary Military Commission 229-30 Central Standing Committee 142 Central Ten-Person Small Group 232 Central Weekly Journal see Zhongyang zhoubao Centrist Military Coups 37 Chamber of Associated Labour 301 Chamber of Deputies 318, 320 Chamber of Elders 41 Chamber of Lands 199 Chamber of Associated Labor 301 Chamber of Municipalities 301 Chang Myon 271, 273-74, 276, 278, 281 Chang P’eng-yuan 35, 38 Chang To-yông 271, 279 Changsha 134, 148n27 Chen Boda 193 Chen Huanzhang 47 Chen Jihua 43 Chen Zongxun 140 Cheng Shude 54n24 Chenglu Club 49 Cherniak 88 Chervenkov, Valko 207, 209 Chiang Ching-kuo 17 Chiang Kai-shek 26, 119, 132-33, 137-38, 142-43, 145-46, 149n41 Chile 291 Chilgol 262 China 1-2,4-5, 7-8, 9,11, 13, 15,18, 26, 32-33, 35-36, 39. 43, 49-51, 55n25, 129, 131-32, 135-38, 143, 146, 146nl, 147n3, 147n6, 149n36, 151-52, 154, 174, 178, 183, 193, 201-03, 207, 213, 214nl4, 223-24, 230-31, 237, 241, 251, 280-81; Central China 132, 136-37, 141, 226-28; North China 132, 141, 143^14. 226-27, 237, 241; historians 31; immigrants from 6; nation 6, 18, 145 Chinese Civil War 15, 193 Chinese Communist Party see Communist Party (China) Chinese Culture Service Association 129 Chinese Democratic Socialist
Party 17 Chinese Nationalist Party see Kuomintang Chinese Soviet Republic 228-230, 236 Cho Yong-su 274 Choibalsan, Khorloogiin 184, 207 Chongjin 254 Chongqing 134, 137, 148n27 Choson Nyösõng 252, 256, 259-62, 265n21, 266n46 Chosun libo 274, 292n20֊21, 29Խ26, 291Ո28 Chosõn Defense Academy 272 CHP see Republican People’s Party Christian Rural Movement 277 Christians 123n9, 156 Chunjie jiniankan see “Spring Festival Commemorative Issues” Chuzhou 49 CIA 276 Citizens’ Corps 34 Civil Rule Party 289-90 “Cold Observer” see Hu Zhengzhi Cold War 1, 15, 221, 224, 273 Collectanea of KMT Policies 137 colonialism 6, 183 Columbia University 47 Cominform 179, 185, 299 Comintern 10-11, 60-63, 65, 67-81, 98, 128, 131-32, 179, 183, 185, 213, 319-21; League of Nations 72; World Congress 183; 3rd Congress 71, 73, 78, 204 see also Executive Committee (Comintern; ECCI) Commerce Department of the State Council 235 Commercial Press 128, 136, 139 Committee for Union and Progress 1, 5-7, 11, 109-12 see also Union and Progress Party Committee for the Defence of the Republic 320 Committee of Soviet Women 256, 259 Communication Clique see New Communication Clique; Old Communication Clique Communist International see Comintern
Index Communist Parties 1, 2, 10, 16-17, 60, 67, 73,81,183,185,204,211,213,287, 298-99, 309, 316 Communist Party (Albania) 186; Central Committee 207 Communist Party (China) 15, 17-18, 27, 31, 52, 128-29, 131-32, 134-35, 137, 141-43, 149n35, 149n39, 149n41, 183, 193, 204, 223-31, 237, 240-41, 242n2-4, 242nl0, 243nl6, 243n20, 244n24, 244n27, 245n35-36, 245n39^l3, 245n46-47, 253; Politburo 52, 194, 225, 228-31, 236; Central Committee 27, 44, 149n3 5, 228-29, 232, 235-38, 326-27; 8th National Congress 231 Communist Party (Croatia) 298 Communist Party (Czechoslovakia) 14-16, 184-85, 189, 198-99, 205, 316-18, 320-21, 323-25, 326, 329; Central Committee 189, 329 Communist Party (Germany) 191 Communist Party (Greece) 183 Communist Party (Great Britain) 72 Communist Party (Hungary) 190, 198 Communist Party (Poland) 184 Communist Party (Romania) 187, 204; Central Committee 187 Communist Party (Russia) see Bolsheviks Communist Party (Slovakia) 189, 317 Communist Party (Slovenia) 298, 303, 305, 307-09 Communist Party (Spain) 183 Communist Party (Vietnam) 17 Communist Party (Yugoslavia) 16, 185, 204, 215Ո18, 298-302; Central Committee 186 see also League of Communists of Yugoslavia, Socialist Workers’ Party of Yugoslavia Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) 100, 178-80, 185, 204, 210-11, 213, 215n34, 266nl2, 266n21; Central Committee 182 see also Bolsheviks Communist Workers’ Party of Germany 71-72 Concise List of Revolutionary Commemoration Days 142 Concordia Association 173-74 Confucian 35, 157-58, 252-53, 262, 263, 265 339 Confucian Temple District see Qinhuai District
Congress of Mothers 260 Congress Party 118, 120 Constituent Assembly (Yugoslavia) 186 Constituent National Assembly (Czechoslovakia) 189, 325, 332n3 Constitution Drafting Committee (South Korea) see Constitutional Deliberation Committee (South Korea) Constitution of Albania 185, 201, 203 Constitution of Bulgaria 187, 195, 208 Constitution of Czechoslovakia 185, 195, 198-99, 202-03 Constitution of China (1954) 193, 196-98, 199-204 Constitution of the DPRK 179, 185, 198, 201-02 Constitution of the Far Eastern Republic 181 Constitution of the GDR 195, 201-03 Constitution of Hungary 191, 195, 197, 199, 202-03 Constitution of Japan (Meiji Constitution) 3, 152, 154, 170 Constitution of Mongolia (1924) 181 Constitution of Mongolia (1940) 194, 196, 201, 203, 208 Constitution of the Ottoman Empire (1876) 3, 109 Constitution of Poland (“Small Constitution”) 192, 195-96, 199-201, 214nl Constitution of Poland (1952) 193, 196-97, 199, 201, 203, 214nl Constitution of the ROK (Third Republic Constitution) 276 Constitution of the ROK (Yushin Constitution) 276 Constitution of Romania (1948) 197-98, 202 Constitution of Romania (1952) 195, 198, 201, 203-04, 208 Constitution of Turkey 108 Constitution of the Tuvan Arats’ [Herders’] Republic 181 Constitution of the Tuvan People’s Republic (1926) 181 Constitution of the Ukrainian People’s Republic 180 Constitution of the USSR (1936) 12,
340 Index 178, 182-84, 186, 191, 193, 196, 198, 201, 208, 213 Constitution of Yugoslavia 179, 197, 200-01 Constitutional Assembly (Kingdom of SCS) 298, 300, 310n2 Constitutional Compilation Commission 44 Constitutional Deliberation Committee (South Korea) 282 constitutional monarchies 37, 39 see also monarchism constitutional dictatorship 26, 50 Du Contrat social 110 Control Faction 153 Cornell University 43 corporatism 8, 16, 26, 30-31, 34, 38, 40, 42, 44, 51-52, 54nl4, 54n21, 111-13, 120, 296, 300 corporatist constitutionalism 51 corrective revolution 37, 51 Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 179 Council of Ministers (Hungary) 191, 202 Council of Ministers (North Korea) 255 Council of Ministers (USSR) 182, 191 Council of Nationalities 199 Council of People’s Commissars (USSR) 182, 202 Council of Producers 199, 300 CPC see Communist Party of Czechoslovakia CPSU see Communist Party of the Soviet Union Credentials Commission 87 Croatia 296, 298, 300, 303, 309 Cultural Revolution 253 CUP see Committee for Union and Progress Czechoslovakia 1-2, 13-16, 178, 184-85, 189, 195, 197, 200, 202-03, 205, 207-09, 213, 298, 309, ЗІОпЗ, 316-18, 320-21, 324-25, 327-29, 330 Dagongbao see L’Impartial Dai Jitao 131, 138 Dalai Lama 40 Declaration of the Rights of Man of 1789 111 Declaration to the Masses in Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangxi 142 democracy 9-11, 16-17, 31, 44, 51, 67, 85-95,98-102,107,110,113,117,119, 122, 156, 160-61, 175, 213, 271, 277, 280-81, 283, 290, 292n20, 293n28, 305, 322, 329, 331 see also direct democracy; people’s democracy; representative democracy; socialist
democracy; workers’ democracy Democratic Club see Anfu Club Democratic Friendship Party 289 Democratic Front 186, 188, 190 Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea 190 Democratic Party (South Korea) 289-90 Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro 310 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea see Korea (North) Democratic Republican Party 15, 53n3, 270, 290, 270-71, 277-78, 282-91, 292n2 Democratic Women’s Union (North Korea) 255-60, 262; Central Committee 257; 3rd Congress 257-59 Deng Ye 53n2 Department of Propaganda 11, 127-28, 130-46, 127-8, 147n5, 148n23֊24, 149n37-38, 149n40 see also Central Propaganda Department (KMT) developmentalism (developmental state; developmental dictatorships) 26-27, 42, 52, 112, 121, 171 Diet (Japan) 2, 12, 152, 154, 161, 167-71 Dimitrov Constitution see Constitution of Bulgaria Dimitrov, Georgi 183 Ding Shiyi 33 Ding Shiyuan 45 direct democracy 53nl0 Dong-а Ubo 2Ί4, 287 Dongfang zazhi see Eastern Miscellany DPS see Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro Draft Outline of the Tutelage Stage 133, 146 Drobnis, Petr 92 DRP see Democratic Republican Party Duan Qirui 27-30, 32-37, 39-40, 43-44, 47 Duan Zhigui 45 Duban canzhan shiwuchu see War Participation Supervisory Office Dubček, Alexander 14, 328 duchun see tuchun Durdenevskii, Vsevolod Nikolaevich 187
Index Durkheim, Émile 110 DWU see Democratic Women’s Union Dzerzhinskii, Feliks 91 East Asia xi, 2, 8, 26, 37, 62, 134, 264 East Asian Economic League 30 East Germany see Germany (East) Eastern Europe 2, 3, 15, 178, 184-85, 188, 197, 256, 309, ЗІОпЗ, 325, 331 Eastern Miscellany 136 École des Mines de Mons 43 Economic Council (Yugoslavia) 300 Economic Development Council (South Korea) 278 Economic Investigation Bureau 47 Economic Principles of Confucius and His School (1911) 47 Educational and Cultural Council (Yugoslavia) 300 Egypt 118, 120, 280-81 Eighth Route Army 226 “election purification” 153-55, 158, 163, 168 Ellul, Jacques 129, 137, 139, 145, 147nl2 Emergency Measures Act 274-77 Emergency Measures Act for National Reconstruction 275-76 Enabling Act (1933) 276 Engels, Friedrich 42, 64, 65, 89, 250 England 65, 72 see also Great Britain enlightened despotism 34 Episcopate (Poland) 193 Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip 122 Estonia 38, 42, 184 “ethical state” 154, 156, 167, 172 Eurasia 2-6, 11-13,19,121-22,127,144, 175, 178 Europe 35-36, 61, 64-66, 70-73, 78, 117, 120, 170, 178-79, 184, 212, 214n3, 250, 280, 320 see also Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeastern Europe, Western Europe Executive Committee (Comintern; ECCI) 62, 68-70, 183 see also AllRussian Central Executive Committee; Central Executive Committee (VKP [b]) Executive Committee (Yugoslavia) 297, 304 Executive Yuan 130 “Explanatory Note” 39-41, 55n25, 55n30 Extraordinary State Council 33-34, 54nl4 341 Fair Comment (Gongyanbao; Kung-yen pao) 32, 52-53n2 Fang Shu 39, 52 Far Eastern Republic xii, 180-81 fascism 2, 11,
27, 41-42, 53n8, 61, 108, 115, 117, 151-52, 159, 169, 171, 183, 203, 27, 316, 320 “Father of the People” see Kim Il-sung Fatherland Front 186, 187, 204 FBI 277 February 26 Incident (1936) 159, 272 Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia) 329 Federal Assembly (Yugoslavia) 300-01, 304, 307 Federal Council (Yugoslavia) 199, 300-01 Fedoseev, Petr Nikolaevich 187 Feng Guozhang 30, 33, 36 First World War 7, 10, 29, 36, 50, 65-66, 78-80, 152, 155, 318 Five-Year Plan (Romania) 206 Five-Year Plan (South Korea) 274, 278 flip-flop politics 288-90 Forbidden City 136 “Four Counts of Suspicion” (South Korea) 288 France 6, 36-37, 46, 48, 55nl9, 64-66, 75-77, 110, 281 see also French Concession; French language; French Revolution; Third Republic (France) Franco, Francisco 31 Free Republican Party 116 French Concession (Shanghai) 141 French language 81nl, 141 French Revolution 39, 53n7, 110-11 Fu Dingyi 52, 56n43 Fu Liangzuo 34 functional representation 41-42 Fundamentals of National Reconstruction 118 Gaiyao (Propaganda Department Weekly Work Outlines) 139-46, 148n24, 149n34 Gansu 38 Gao Kelin 233 Gao Xiang E Gan minzhong shu see Declaration to the Masses in Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangxi Gaoping County 226 GDR see Germany (East) Gerning jinianri jianming biao see Concise
342 Index List of Revolutionary Commemoration Grand National Assembly (Romania) Days 188-89, 206, 208 Gerning jun see Revolutionary Army Grand National Assembly (Turkey) 108, Gerning tongzhi duiyu Hang Hu qingdang 113-14 yundongying chi zhi taidu see Attitudes Gray, John Chipman 55n25 that Revolutionary Comrades Should Great Britain 34, 44, 72, 75, 77, 147n5, Hold Regarding the Hunan Hubei 288 see also England Party Purification Movements Great Depression 152-53, 321 General German Workers’ “Great Leader” see Kim Il-sung Association 64 Great Patriotic War 253, 264 General Political Department (KMT) Great People’s Khural see Khural 140, 142 Great Terror 182 General Political Department (CCP) 233 Great Wall 143 General Political Training Department Great War see First World War; Second 141-42 World War Geneva 77, 79 Great Way 165 see also Imperial Way Geofizika Factory 92 Greater Japan Youth Party 169 George, Henry 156 Greece 16, 183 Georgia 74-75 Green, Thomas Hill 155-56 German Democratic Republic Grigor’ian, Vagan Grigor’evich 188 see Germany (East) Grotewohl, Otto 192, 206, 208 Germany 1, 11-13, 18, 27, 31, 33, 39, 47, Groza, Petru 187, 208 51, 55n25, 71-72, 76,107-09,113, 116, Gu Weijin see Wellington Koo 178, 189, 191-92, 195-96, 198-200, Guangxu Emperor 136 202, 204-05, 207, 277, 288; legal Guangzhou 29-30, 130-31, 135, 148n21, theories 26; historical school 158; as a 149n37 model 32; Nazi Germany 113, 116, 275 Guilin 130 Germany (East) 1, 13, 18, 178, 191-92, Guizhou 229 195-96,198-99, 200,202, 204-05, 207, Guoji zhengwu pingyihui 213, 214n3, 305 see International
Political Council Germany (West) 192, 287 Guomin gerning xuanchuan ji Gershuni, Grigoril Andreevich 6 see National Revolution Propaganda Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe 187-89, Collections 207-09 Guomindang see Kuomintang Golkar 53n3 Guomindang zhengce congshu Good Friends ( Yiyhoushe) 54nl4 see Collectanea of KMT Policies Goodnow, Frank 32 Gongren yundong xuanchuan dagang Habsburg 1, 297, 318 see Propaganda Outline for the Halk Fırkası (People’s Party) Peasant Movement see Republican People’s Party Gongyanbao see Fair Comment Halka doğru see “Toward the People” Gorbachev, Mikhail 330 campaign Gorkin, Aleksandr Fedorovich 187 halkevleri see People’s Houses Gorshenin, Konstantin Petrovich halkodaları see People’s Rooms 187-88 Han T’ae-yon 276, 281-82 Gosspirt (State Alcohol) 88 Hangzhou 134 Hankook Ilbo 287 Gottwald, Klement 189-90, 207-09, 319-24, 331 Hara Kei 155 Goto Fumio 153 Hashimoto Kingorõ 168-70 Goto Shinpei 155 Hashimoto Seinosuke 155-56 Hayashi Senjurõ 154, 173 Government Gazette (China) 52n2 Grand National Assembly (Bulgaria) Hebei 227, 232, 237-38, 240 187-88 Hegel 31; (Neo-)Hegelianism 155-56
Index 343 Heibon-sha 166 Hernandez Tomás, Jesús 183 Hirota Кбкі 155 Hitler, Adolf 115, 124nl7, 276, 321 Ho Chong-suk 255 Hobhouse, Leonard 155 Hobson, John Atkinson 155 Hosiery Factory 92 House of Peers (ROC) 38, 42 House of Representatives (ROC) 38, 45, 47 Hoxha, Enver 186, 207, 212 Hozumi Shigetõ 155 Hsu Shu-cheng see Xu Shuzheng Hu Feng 235 Hu Hanmin 130, 132-33, 138, 141^12, 145-46, 148nl9 Hu Hanmin’s Collected Speeches {Hu Hanmin xiansheng yanjiang ji) 141 Hu Jun 42 Hu Qiaomu 193 Hu Zhengzhi 32, 37 Hudang jiuguo zhi wenshu see Protecting the Party Saving the Nation Huang Yunpeng 53nl0 Huang Zao 136 Huangdi hun see Spirit of the Yellow Emperor Huapailou District 136 Hubei 141^12 Hunan 134, 140^42, 145, 148n27 Hunan Road 133 Hungarian Autonomous Region 198 Hungarian Popular Front of Independence 191 Hungarian Soviet Republic 72, 320 Hungarian Working People’s Party 191 Hungary 1, 13, 41, 178, 184-85, 190, 191, 195-96, 201-03, 207, 213, 214nl5 Huysmans, Camille 6 Husák, Gustav 316, 329, 331 laroslavskii, Emel’ian 98 Imperial Rule Assistance Association 12, 151-52, 160-61, 163, 168, 173-75 Imperial Way 154, 171 see also Great Way imperialism 3, 32, 66, 73, 115, 155, 231, 255-56, 262 India 62, 72, 118, 120 Indochina 141 Indonesia 31, 42, 53n3, 118, 281 Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers’ Parties see Cominform Inoue Tetsujirö 156 Inozemtsev, Vladislav 18 Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) 212 International Federation of Trade Unions see Amsterdam International International Political Council {Guoji zhengwu pingyihui) 34 International Workingmen’s Association (IWA)
64-66 internationalism 10, 60-63, 65, 68, 70, 71, 73, 77-81, 259 see also transnationalism Inukai Tsuyoshi 53n7 IRAA see Imperial Rule Assistance Association Iran 6, 120 Iraq 120 Iron Guard Movement 53n8 Ishin (magazine) 12, 154, 161, 166-68, 170-72, 174 Ishiwara Kanji 172-73 Italy 11-12, 41, 44, 66, 107-08, 277 Jacobin Club 53n7 Japan 1-5, 11-12, 27, 30, 33, 35-36, 40, 43-44, 46-47, 50-52, 55n25, 132, 134, 138, 143-44, 146, 149n41, 151-54, 157, 159-66, 168-75, 183, 225, 252, 258, 262, 265, 272, 277, 285; Army 33, 45, 128, 136, 144; China as a Japanese Protectorate 36; invasion of China 11, 135, 138, 173; Japanese-Occupied areas in China 226; militarism 143, 172-73, 272; occupation of Korea 262; parties and political organizations 4, 46, 53n7, 153, 174-75 see also Army Ministry (Japan); Imperial Rule Assistance Association; meiböka՛, Sino֊Japanese War Jewish Labor Bund 5 “Jewish Peril” 162 Jews 123n9 Jiang Yong 39, 52 Jiangdong Gate 134 Jiangsu 133-35, 235 Jiaotong University 45 Jilin 38 Jin Yunpeng 34 Jinbudang see Progressive Party Jinnah, Mohammad 118
344 Index Jintie zhuyi shuo see Theory of Gold and Iron Jiuguo yundong xuanyan see National Salvation Declaration John, Oldřich 189 Joint State Political Directorate 92 Juche 258, 264, 268 Justice and Development Party (Turkey) 18 Kadro group 118 Kaganovich, Lazar 92 Kalinin, Mikhail 92, 100 Kaluga 100 Kamenev, Lev 85 Kang Ban-sök 261-62 Kang Youwei 6 Das Kapital 260 Kardelj, Edvard 186, 197, 296, 301, 307, 309, 310n5 Karlin 319 Karpat, Kemal 108 Katõ Hiroyuki 31 Kauchuk Factory 95, 100 Kautsky, Karl 66 KCIA see Korean Central Intelligence Agency Kemalism 107-10, 112, 115, 118, 120, 122 see also Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal (Pasha) Kennedy, John F. 289, 291 Keynes, John Maynard 47 Khamovniki District (Party Conference) 94-95, 98 Khan, Amanullah 120 Kharitonov, Mikhail 101 Khorezm People’s Soviet Republic 180 Khural 201, 215nl7 Kim Hyõng-jik 262 Kim Hyong-uk 286 Kim Il-sung 15, 190, 252, 254-55, 257-58, 260-63, 265, 267n46 Kim Jong-il 257, 262-63 Kim Jong-pil 270, 272-73, 276, 279-81, 285-88, 290-91, 291nl Kim Jong-suk 257-58, 262 Kim Ok-sun 254 Kim Song-ae 258 Kim Tong-ha 289 Kim Tu-bong 190 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes 297 Kirin see Jilin Kita Ikki 167 KMT see Kuomintang Kobetskii, Mikhail 69 Koenen, Wilhelm 72 Kojima Seiichi 167, 172 kokken 166 kokumin 159-60, 163 kokutai 172 Komsomol 100 Konoe Fumimaro 151, 153, 155, 157, 167, 173 Koo, Wellington 50 Kopecký, Václav 323 Korea 2,190-91, 205, 257, 259, 262, 270, 272, 291nl see also Korea (Colonial); Korea (North); Korea (South) Korea (Colonial) 272 Korea (North) 2, 13, 15, 178, 184-85, 190, 197, 202, 207, 251-53,
255-57, 259, 263-64, 265n2, 266n21, 267n35, 287 Korea (South) 15, 53n3, 190, 259, 270, 276, 280, 284, 292n2; army 273 Korea Military Academy (KMA) 271-72 Korean Central Intelligence Agency 276-77, 282, 285-86, 289, 291 Korean Communist Party 183 Korean People’s Army 255 Korean War 205, 253, 257, 272 Kosior, Vladimir 92 Kosice ЗІОпЗ, 321-22 Krasnopresnensky District Conference 97-98 Kreibich, Karl 318 Kremlin 19 Krest’ianka (magazine) 256 Kresťianskaia gazeta (“The Peasant Newspaper”) 86 Krupp 27 Krupskaya, Nadezhda 263 Kung-yen pao see Fair Comment Kuomintang 5, 8, 11, 15, 17, 27, 29, 31, 33-34, 36-38, 42, 49, 52, 54nl4, 54n21, 118-9, 121, 127-46, 147n3-n5, 148n20-n21, 148n23, 148n29, 149n31, 149n39, 149n42, 149n44, 194; 1st Party Congress 131; 3rd Party Congress 133, 137, 142, 146, 149n31; 4th Party Congress 132; Constitution Discussion Committee 54n21; Party flag 131 see also Central Executive Committee
Index Kurds 112, 114-15, 118, 123ո9 Kučan, Milan 305 Kyõwakai see Concordia Association Kyunghyang Shinmun 279, 293n29 Labor Law (North Korea) 251, 266n6 Labor and Socialist International 10, 60-61, 68, 71-72, 74-78, 79-81 Labor Party (Great Britain) 77, 155, 287 Lao People’s Revolutionary Party 17 Laos 1 Last Willand Testament {zongliyishu) 133 Latin America 6, 17 Latvia 184 Lausanne Treaty 123n9 Law against the Foundation of New Parties (Nazi Germany) 12 Law on Fundamental Organization (Turkey) 111 Law on Sex Equality 251, 266n6 Le Bon, Gustave 110 League of Communists (Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, etc.) 303-04; Central Committees 302; Slovenia 310nl; Central Committee (Slovenia) 304 League of Communists of Yugoslavia 13, 16, 186, 296-7, 299, 303, 305, 309; Central Committee 297, 299-300, 302; Ninth Congress 296; Politburo 300 see also Communist Party of Yugoslavia Lebedev, Nikolai Georgievich 190 Legislation Bureau (China) 39, 42 Legislative Sejm 192-93, 196-97, 199-201 Legislative Yuan 138 Leninism 27, 49, 299 see also Marxism-Leninism Lenin, Vladimir Il’ich 5, 9-10, 13, 51, 66-67,73, 85, 88, 91, 98,100,155,207, 210, 250, 259, 261, 263, 302 Leningrad 100 see also Petrograd Levi, Paul 68 Lhasa 40 Li Chuli 233 Li Dazhao 131 Li Guojie 47 Li Hongzhang 28 L’Impartial {Dagongbao', Та-kung Pao) 32, 36-37, 52ո2, 53ո9, 53ո12 Li Shengduo 47 Li Sihao 45, 52 Li Yuanhong 32 345 Liang Guobin 233 Liang Hongzhi 47 Liang Qichao 4, 6, 29, 31, 33-42, 47, 50-51 Liang Shiyi 28, 44 Liangshe see Society of the Good Liberal Democratic Party 285 Liberal Party 279 liberalism 32, 90, 110, 113, 159,
162, 167-69, 171-72, 305; economic liberalism 37; Great Power liberalism 78, 80; New Liberalism 155-56 Liberec 318 Liberia 6 Life Improvement Movement 277 Lin Baishui 32 Linz, Juan 28 List, Friedrich 41; Listianism 27 Lithuania 184 Liu Enge 47 Liu Lantao 233 Liu Shaoqi 193, 227, 237 Ljubljana 297 London 5, 147n5, 321 Longuet, Jean 81nl LSI see Labor and Socialist International Lu Dingyi 233 Lu Rongting 33 Lu Zongyu 45 Luo Ruiqing 233 Luxemburg, Rosa 66, 88 Ma Rui 132, 138 Macedonia 198, 296, 298, 300, 309 Mahayana 171 Malenkov, Georgii Maksimilianovich 211 Manchus 27, 38, 40, 141, 148n21 Manchukuo 143, 173-74, 272, 279 Manchuria 30, 172-73, 184, 193 Manchurian Incident 166 Mandarin literati 8, 37 Mangyongdae 262 Manoilescu, Mihail 53n8 Mao Zedong 56n43, 132, 134, 139, 141, 145, 148n23-24, 149n41, 193, 207, 211, 224-26, 228-32, 236, 251, 263 Maoism 147nl3 Marco Polo Bridge 136 Martial Law 17, 271, 274, 289 Maruyama Tsurukichi 155 Marx, Jenny 260, 267n35
346 Index Marx, Karl 64-65, 71, 81nl, 89, 250, 259-60, 267n35, 270 Marxism 5, 9, 15, 40, 46, 99, 115, 120, 204, 251-52, 264 Marxism-Leninism 15,187, 250, 252-53, 259, 264 see also Leninism Masaryk, Tomáš 320, 323 Mass Movement Work Teams 226-27 Matsui Iwane 154, 167 May 16 Coup 271-72, 277, 286 May Fourth Movement 30 meibõka (Japanese local leaders) 43, 157 Meiji 3,36,151-52,158,165-66,170,173, 281 see also Constitution of Japan Menotti Serrati, Giacinto 74 Mensheviks 5, 96 Meso-America 291 Metropolitan Police 44-45 Mexico 6, 118, 120, 291 Meyer, Ernst 69 Michael I 187 Middle East 37 Mikulié, Branko 304 militarism 3, 12, 66, 272 Military Revolution Committee 271, 274-75 Miloševič, Slobodan 310 Minbao 136, 147n9, 148nl9 Mine, Hilary 208 Ministry of Finance (South Korea) 278 Ministry of Public Security (China) 233 Minjok libo 274 Minxian julebu see Anfu Club Minyoushe see People’s Friends Society Minzhi shuju 128, 140-41, 147nl0 Mobutu, Joseph-Désiré 53n3 Mochou Road 136 Modernization Association (Vietnam) 6 Molotov, Viacheslav 86 monarchical restoration 32 monarchism 37; constitutional monarchism 6, 29, 31, 41, 47 Mongolia 1, 13, 40, 141, 143, 178-79, 181, 184, 186, 194-96, 199, 201-03, 207-08, 214Ո13, 215nl7 Mongolian People’s Party 17 Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party 184 Mons see École des Mines de Mons Montenegro 296, 310 Month of Friendship 212 moralité civique 112 Morocco 77, 82n28 Moscow 62, 67-69, 73, 88-95, 97-98, 117,178,180,184-86, 189-93,208-10, 213, 319-21, 323 Moscow Committee (RCP) 93, 95, 100 see also Communist Party (Russia) Moscow Institute of National
Economy 89 Moscow Military District 93, 102n8 Moscow Provincial Conference 96-98 Moscow State Tram Depot 88 Moscow Trials 316 “Mother of all” see Kang Ban-sök “Mother of Korea” see Kang Ban-sök Mourning Records (Aisilu) 140 Mukden Incident 138 Mun Hong-ju 274 Munich Agreement 320 Muranov, Matvei 99 Muslim League 118 Muslims 38, 40, 110-11, 119-20, 123n9 Mussolini, Benito 115 Nagano 154, 168 Nagata Tetsuzan 153 Nakahara Kinji 154, 168 Nakatani Takeyo 154, 167-68 Namba Daisuke 162 Nanjing 128-30, 132-37, 140-41, 145, 148n23, 148n27, 235; Decade 128-29, 137, 139, 143, 145, 148n29; Rape of 136 Nasser, Gamal Abdel 118, 120, 280-81 nation-building 11, 19nl, 111, 118, 121, 128, 145 see also state-building National Assembly (Bulgaria) 187 National Assembly (China) 133, 142-43 National Assembly (Czechoslovakia) 199-200, 322-23, 325-28 National Assembly (Romania) 187-89, 201, 206, 208 National Assembly (South Korea) 282, 288, 290 National Congress of Mothers 260 National Council (Slovakia) 199, 329 National Defence Cabinet (China) 33-34, 54nl4 National Democratic Bloc (Romania) 187 National Fascist Party (PNF) 12 National Federation of Industrial Guilds (Japan) 152 National Éront (Czechoslovakia) 18, 189-90, 322-26, 328
Index 347 National Front Act 328 “national holism” 168 National Library (China) 53n2 National New Life Movement (South Korea) 276 National People’s Congress (PRC) 193-94, 199-201, 255; Standing Committee 200 National Reconstruction Movement (South Korea) 276-78 National Revolution Propaganda Collections (Guomin geming xuanchuan Jí) 141 National Revolutionary Army (China) 131, 140, 149ո36 National Revolutionary Party (Mexico) 291 National Salvation Declaration (Jiuguo yundong xuanyan) 143 National Socialism 109, 172 National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP) 12, 124nl7 National Union (Portugal) 12 nationalism 3, 11-13, 16, 108, 110-12, 119, 159-60, 166, 171-72, 260, 323 Nazarov 86, 96 Nazism 11-12, 113, 116, 124nl7, 208, 276, 321-23 see also National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP) Nehru, Jawaharlal 118 Nemtsov, Nikolai 95 Netherlands 75 New Bureaucrats (Japan) 158 New Communications Clique (NCC) 42, 44-45 New Economic Policy (NEP) 85 New International 60, 65, 67-68, 74, 76 see also Second International New Order Movement (Japan) 151, 154, 167 Declaration 174 New People’s Daily 47 New Politics Party (South Korea) 289 New Village Movement (South Korea) 277 Ni Sichong 43 Nishihara, Kamezõ 30, 33 Nogi Maresuke 173 Non-Turkish ethnic identities 112 Nongmin yundong xuanchuan dagang see Propaganda Outline for the Workers’ Movement North Korea see Korea (North) North Sea Fleet 28 Northern Expedition 132, 140 Nosek, Václav 324 Novotný, Antonín 208, 327-28 NSDAP see National Socialist German Workers’ Party Nyöngbyõn 256 October Revolution see Russian Revolution Okada
cabinet 161 Okuma Shigenobu 36, 173 Old Communications Clique (OCC) 42, 44-45 one-party regimes 1, 2, 6, 11, 13, 17, 191 see also single-party regimes opposition 7, 18, 40, 67, 75, 77, 85-102, 107, 111, 115-17, 119, 121, 138, 142, 147nl2, 151, 165, 168, 175, 185-87, 189, 192, 210, 289, 297-98, 322-23 organicism 7-8, 26, 31-32 Organizational-Political Council (Yugoslavia) 300 Ottoman Empire 1, 5-8,19, 109-10,112, 123n8, 175 Ottomanism 7, 112, 122 Our Nation’s Future Path: An Ideology of Social Reconstruction 280, 283 Overseas Chinese Caucus 40 Ozaki Yukio 53n7 Pak Chong-ae 255 Pakistan 118, 280-81 Pan-Asianism 6, 154, 167 Pan-Islam 109, 112 Panama 48 Panchen Lama 40 Pan-Slavic 323 Paris 65-66, 75 Paris Commune Factory 92 Park Chung-hee 15, 53n3, 270, 272-73, 278-79, 286, 288, 290, 291nl Park Sang-hûi 272 Parliament Organisation Act Amendment Bill (China) 38, 41 parliamentarianism 9, 10, 86-8, 95, 159, 170-71 Parliamentary Standing Committee (Czechoslovakia) 321 Party Committee and Government see Mass Movement Work Teams Party Purification Movement (China) 132, 141—42, 146 Party of Labor (Albania) 186, 203-05
348 Index Pauker, Ana 208 Paxton, Robert О. 37 Peasant Associations (China) 226-27 pedagogical state 11, 118, 128, 136, 138-39, 145-46, 147n6, 158, 174, 264 Peiyang see Beiyang Peking see Beijing Peking University 45 People’s Assembly (Albania) 207 People’s Assembly (Bulgaria) 210 People’s Assembly (Far Eastern Republic) 181 People’s Assembly (North Korea) 190, 207, 255 People’s Assembly (Ukraine) 180 People’s Assembly (USSR) 180-81 People’s Assembly (Yugoslavia) 199-200, 207 People’s Chamber (Germany) 199-200 People’s Commissariat of War (Hungary) 72 People’s Commissariat of Finance (Russia) 101 people’s democracy 179-80, 183-84,189, 195, 203-04, 207, 213, 214n3, 256, ЗІОпЗ; people’s democratic dictatorship 193 People’s Friends Society (China) 33 People’s Front 185, 298, ЗІОпЗ, ЗИпІО People’s Houses (halkevleri) 116-17, 123nl5 People’s Militias (Czechoslovakia) 324 People’s Party (Poland) 192 People’s Party (South Korean) 289 People’s Party (Turkey) see Republican People’s Party (CHP) People’s Republic of China 18, 34, 52, 129, 137, 147n6, 193, 214n3, 227, 231, 253, 255, 264-65, 281, 288 People’s Republic of Poland 214nl see also Republic of Poland People’s Republic of Tannu-Tuva 180 People’s Rooms (halkodaları) 116-17 People’s Supreme Assembly (North Korea) 258 Perestroika 16, 330 Peron, Juan 118 Persia 3 Peru 41 Pétain, Philippe 37 Petrograd 9, 68, 90, 99, 180 see also Leningrad Phan Boi Châu 6 Phan Châu Trinh 6 Piatakov, Georgii 88 Pieck, Wilhelm 206, 208 Pijade, Moša 186 Pinochet, Augusto 291 Planinc, Milka 307 Plekhanov, Georgii Valentinovich 5 pluralism 28, 30, 32,
35-37, 50-51, 109-10, 160 PNF see National Fascist Party Pogány, József 72 Polak, Karl 192 Poland 1, 13, 69, 178, 184-85, 192, 195-96, 200-03, 206, 208, 210, 214nl Political Information Society (Zhengwenshe) 6 Political Parties Act (South Korea) 284-85, 288 Political Science Society (Zhengxuehui) 33-34, 54nl4 Ponce, Mariano 6 Popular Constitutional Club see Anfu Club Popular Democratic Front 188 Popular Front (Spain) 183-84 Popular Movement of the Revolution 53n3 populism 36, 113, 119-20, 122 Porfirio Díaz 6 Portugal 12, 16, 66 Posadchik Factory 92 Potrč, Miran 303-04 Prague Castle 25 Prague Spring 14-15, 328-30 Prague 189, 209, 319, 324-25 Pravda (“Truth”) 52n2, 88, 90, 95-96, 99 PRC see People’s Republic of China Prefectural Party Committee 237 Premier of the State Council 46 Preobrazhenskii, Evgenii 90-92, 95-97 Presidential Funeral Preparation Office 140 Presidential Palace 32 Presidium of the Supreme Soviet 182, 199 Press Act (Czechoslovakia) 328 Progressive-Anfu System 8, 26, 32, 37-38 Progressive Party 8, 26, 29, 32-35, 37, 42, 44, 53n5, 54nl4 see also Research Clique Progressive Republican Party 116 proletarian dictatorship 9, 191, 193
Index 349 Propaganda Outline for the Peasant Movement (Gongren yundong xuanchuan dagang) 141 Propaganda Outline for the Workers’ Movement (Nongmin yundong xuanchuan dagang) 141 Propaganda state 11, 129, 132, 145 Propaganda: The Formation of Men’s Attitudes 129 see also Ellul, Jacques Protecting the Party Saving the Nation (Hudang jiuguo zhi wenshu) 141 Provincial Assemblies (China) 42, 49; Jiangsu 133 Provincial Committee (CCP); Hebei 232; Jiangsu 235; Shanxi 233 Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China (1912) 7, 32 Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China (1931) 12, 118-19 Provisional Constitution of the Romanian People’s Republic 188 Provisional President (Republic of China) 28 Provisional Senate 29, 36-39, 42; Committee of the Whole 42 Prussia 40 PSR see Socialist Revolutionary Party Publications Law (Republic of China) 135 Purification Act (Act on the Purification of Political Activities) 279, 281, 284, 286-288, 291 Pusan 284 Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich 18 Puyi 8, 28-29, 34, 37, 173 Pyongyang 190, 254 Qian Ying 233 Qing Empire 1, 3-8, 19, 31, 45, 47, 127-28, 146nl, 148Ո19, 175; army 45 Qinhuai District 136 Rabotnitsa (magazine) 256 Radek, Karl 69, 87 radicalism 37, 39, 272 Rákosi, Mátyás 190-91, 207, 209-10, 212 Rathenau, Walther 36 RCP (b) see Communist Party (Russia) Reconstruction Comrade Group 286-87 Recreation Club (China) 54nl4 Rectification Movement 228, 230 Red Army (China) 226, 228-29; (Soviet Union) 184, 318 Red Terror (1917) 5 Red Trade Union International 75 Reed, John 69 Reform Club 53n7 Reichenbach, Bernhard 72 Reichenberg see Liberec
Reichstag 40 representative democracy 168 Republic of China 6-7, 15, 26, 50, 127, 131, 144, 193, 195, 197, 199; 1912 Parliament 29, 36; 1912 Senate 38; Senate Review Committee 39 Republic of Korea see Korea (South) Republic of Poland 196, 199, 200-1, 214 see also People’s Republic of Poland Republican Club see Anfu Club Republican People’s Party (CHP) 11, 107-22, 123nl, 123n3, 123n6-8, 123nl4-15, 123nl7; Second Congress 123n6 republicanism 11, 29, 46, 108, 110, 112, 271 Research Clique 29, 42-44 Resolution against War and Militarism 66 Resources Bureau (Japanese Army) 161 Restoration Association (Vietnam) 6 Revolution of 1911 (China) 28, 37 Revolutionary Alliance (Tongmenghui) 5-6, 8, 136, 148nl9 Revolutionary Army (Gerning juri) 136 Revolutionary Cabinet (South Korea) 274 Revolutionary Government (South Korea) 278 Revolutionary Pledges (South Korea) 271, 273-75, 283, 286-87 Reza Shah 120 Rhee Syngman 271, 275, 278-79, 280 Riazanov, David 87 Ribarič, Miha 303-04 Rif War 77 ROC see Republic of China Rodong Sinmun 254, 257, 259 Rogozhsko-Simonovsky district 97-98 Rokossovskii, Konstantin Konstantinovich 192 Romanenko, Andrei Alekseevich 190 Romania 1, 13, 53n8, 178, 184-85, 187-89, 195-98, 201-04, 206-11, 213, 214nl6; People’s Republic 187-88 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 110 Roy, Μ. N. 72
350 Index RSDLP see Russian Social Democratic Labor Party Ruan Xingcun 49 Rudnyánszky, Endre 69 Ruijin 228 Russia 1-6, 9, 18-19, 68-70, 72-73, 75, 80, 91, 93, 102nl, 175, 178-80, 210, 250, 267n35, 318; Russian Empire 5, 9 see also Soviet Russia Russian Civil War (1918-1922) 9 Russian Revolution 3, 68-69, 80, 250, 264; Revolution of 1905-1907 3; February Revolution 37; October Revolution 60, 85, 181, 203, 218 Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP) 5 Rykov, Alexei 86 Sadchikov, Ivan Vasil’evich 186, 196-97 Saenara Automobiles 288 Sai Jinhua 47 Sanmin zhuyi see Three Principles of the People Sanminbao see Three People’s Newspaper Sapronov, Timofei 87, 90-92, 95-98 Sasangye (magazine) 285 Schwab, Alexander 71, 82nll Second International 6, 10, 61, 65-68, 71, 74, 81nl see also New International Second Republic (South Korea) 281, 283 Second World War 13, 15-16, 42, 81, 119, 155, 162, 178-79, 181, 253, 293, 299, 331 secret police 184-85, 191-92, 210, 331 Sein min choong bou 4 Šejna, Jan 327 Senate (Ireland) 38, 42 Seoul 271, 284, 290 Serbia 296, 298, 300, 303, 310 Serebriakov 94 Seth, James 156 Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region Government 230 Shaanxi 229 Shanghai 6, 45, 127-32, 134-36, 139-43, 145, 147n4, 147Ո10, 194 Shangwu yinshuguan see Commercial Press Shanxi 226, 233, 236 Shao Cong’en 54n24 Shao Yuanchong 138 Shchetinin, Boris Vasil’evich 190 Shimonaka Yasaburõ 154, 172 Shin Nihon Domei see Alliance for a New Japan Shinsei 156, 158, 160-65 Shinsei Club 53n7 Shtykov, Terentii Fomich 190 Shuntian Shibao 52n2 Shõwa Restoration 167 Siberia 91, 100 Sichuan 134, 148n27 single-
party regimes 1-2, 4, 11, 17, 19, 35, 86, 107, 121-22, 175 see also oneparty regimes Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) 28, 134, 136, 148n27, 225-28, 241, 257, 261 Sino-Soviet split 179, 237 Sixteenth Printing House 92 Skvortsov-Stepanov, Ivan 95 Slavic peoples 197-198, 203, 325 Slovak Soviet Republic 320 Slovakia 189, 198-99, 203, 320-25, 328-29, 332 Slovenia 16, 296-301, 303-09, 310nl, ЗІОпІЗ Slovenian Assembly 301, 303-04, 309 Slovenian Public Opinion 305 Slánský, Rudolf 189, 323, 332n3 Small Bureau 68-70 Small Khural see Khural Smeral, Bohumír 318 Smirnov, Ivan 92, 94 Smirnov, Vladimir 88 Sneevliet, Henk 132 Social Democratic Party (Czechoslovakia) 317-18 Social Democratic Party (Germany) 191 Social Democratic Party (Romania) 188 Social Democrats 5, 41, 191, 318-19 Social Labor Party 287 Social Masses Party 151, 153 social organicism see organicism Social and Health Council (Yugoslavia) 300 Socialist Commonwealth 75 Socialist Education Movement 224, 237-41 Socialist Party (Italy) 74 Socialist Party (Poland) 192 Socialist Party (Serbia) 310 Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR) 5, 9 Socialist Unity Party of Germany 18, 191
Index 351 Socialist Workers’ Party of Yugoslavia 298, 303 Society of the Good (Liangshe) 49 Socio-Political Chamber 301 Sokol 326 Sokolniki 92 Song Jiaoren 8 Song Yo-ch’an 287 Sormovo plants 100 Sosnovskii, Lev 92 South America 291 South Hwanghae 259 South Korea see Korea (South) Southeastern Europe ЗІОпЗ Soviet Empire 13, 178-81, 207, 211, 213, 311Ո14 Soviet government 9, 74-77, 100, 204, 213, 226 Soviet legislative elections of 1937 12 Soviet Occupation Zone 191 Soviet Occupational Administration 252 Soviet Russia 62, 67-68, 85, 129, 181, 253 Soviet Union 1, 2, 9, 10-12, 14-16, 18, 19nl, 43, 62, 77, 85, 107-08, 113, 116, 119, 120, 162, 173, 178-187, 192, 195-97, 200, 203-04, 207-08, 211-3, 237, 249-250, 251, 253, 256, 259, 263^1, 265, 266nl2, 266n21, 316, 320-21 see also Soviet Russia Soviet Union (magazine) 179 Soviet of Nationalities 182 see also Supreme Soviet Soviet of the Union 182 see also Supreme Soviet Soviet-Hungarian Economic Agreement 191 Soviet-Yugoslav split 179,185-6 Sovetsku Soiuz see Soviet Union (magazine) Spain 11, 16, 31,41,77, 183 Spanish Civil War 183-84 Spartakiads 326 Spirit of the Yellow Emperor (Huangdi hun) 136 “Spring Festival Commemorative Issues” (Chunjie jiniankan) 137 SPS see Socialist Party (Serbia) SSSR na stroike see USSR in Construction stage theory of history 132; military stage 133; tutelage stage 12, 133, 135, 145—46; constitutional stage 133 Stalin Constitution see Constitution of the USSR (1936) Stalin, Iosif Vissarionovich 12, 85-86, 88-89, 115, 119, 178, 182-84, 187-91, 193, 196, 204, 207-11, 213, 263, 325 State Alcohol see
Gosspirt state capitalism 26 state corporatism 26, 30-31, 33, 51 State Council 32-34, 36, 39, 46, 54nl4, 192, 200-01, 235 State Duma 3, 5, 18-19 State Planning Committee 254 state socialism 27, 30, 47 state-building 2, 11, 13, 15, 26-7, 107, 129-30, 133, 137, 139-40, 145, 197, 204, 209 see also nation-building “Statement of the Forty-Six” 92 The State, The Revolution, and 1280 statism 29, 31, 34, 37, 46, 122, 127, 139, 146, 155-56, 165, 171 Steinhardt, Karl 70 Stuttgart 66 Sudetenland 318 Suharto 31 Sukarno 31, 118, 281 Sultan 111 Sun Ke 133 Sun Runyu 53nl0 Sun Yat-sen 6, 11, 27, 28-30, 118, 128, 130,132-33,136,138-39, 140-41,143, 114-16, 148Ո18, 148n30, 207, 281 Sun Zengda 43 Supreme Council Review 281, 288 Supreme Council for National Reconstruction (SCNR) 275-79, 281-83, 285-88 Supreme National Assembly (North Korea) 201 see also Supreme People’s Assembly (North Korea) Supreme National Council (Hungary) 191 Supreme People’s Assembly (North Korea) 190, 207, 255 see also Supreme National Assembly (North Korea) Supreme Soviet 182, 187, 199, 212 Suslov, Mikhail Andreevich 191 Switzerland 31, 53nl0 Syria 120 Szabó, Imre 191 Siikhbaatar, Damdiny 207 Ta-Kung Pao see L’Impartial Taborsky, Edward 190
352 Index Taishö era 162 Taiwan 15, 17, 129 Taizhou 49 Takahashi Kamekichi 167 Tan Yankai 133 Tangshan 237-38, 240 Taoyuan 237, 239—40 Tazawa Yoshihara 153, 155-7, 159, 161, 164-65 Ten-Person Group (Jiangsu) 235 see also Central Ten-Person Small Group Ter-Vaganian, Vagarshak 92 Terauchi, Masatake 30, 33, 36 Tereshkova, Valentina 265 The Theory and Policy of Labour Protection 40 Theory of Gold and Iron (Jintie zhuyi shuo) 53n9 “Theses on the Main Tasks of the Communist International” 67-68 Third International 67-68, 71, 79-80 Third Republic (France) 46, 110, 112; Constitutional Laws 32 Third Republic Constitution (Korea) 276, 281-83 third wave of democratization 16 Third World 26 Three People’s Newspaper (Sanminbao) 141 Three Principles of the People (Sanmin zhuyi) 119, 128, 133, 138, 140, 142, 146, 148n20 Three-Person Groups 229-30, 235 Three-Year Plan (South Korea) 278 Tian Jiaying 193 Tian Yinghuang 45, 47 Tianjin 29, 34, 37, 47-48, 135 Tibet 141 Tiefeng chubanshe 129 Tientsin see Tianjin Tientsin Council for the Upholding of National Rights and Territory 48 Ting, Lee-Hsia Su 129 Tito, Josip Broz 185, 297, 300, 307 Tocqueville effect 17 Tõge Minora 161 Tokutomi Sohõ 173 Tokyo 5, 45, 148Ո19, 173 Tokyo Imperial University 54n24 Tomsk Regional Party Committee 101 Tongmenghui see Revolutionary Alliance Tongyi jiuguo lilun gangling see Unified National Salvation Theory and Program Toranomon Incident 162 “Toward the People” (halka doğru) campaign 123nl 1 Trainin, Il’ia Pavlovich 187 transnationalism 62-63 see also internationalism Triumvirate (“Troika”) 85, 90 Troelstra, Pieter
76 Trotskii, Lev 71-73, 78, 85, 87-88, 91, 99 Trad i Tvorchestvo Plant 100 True Whig Party 6 Tsukui Tatsuo 154, 170 Tuan Ch’i-jui see Duan Qirai tuchun 33-34 Tunisia 118, 120 Turkestan 72 Turkey 2, 7, 11, 18, 107-09, 110-22, 123n3, 123n7, 123n9, 123nl4, 124nl7, 281; as a model 108, 120 Turkish Hearths (Türk ocakları) 116 Turkish History Thesis 119, 123nl2 Turkish Revolution 120, 123n6 Turkish Teacher’s Union 116 Turkish War of Independence 107 Turkish Women’s Union 116 Turkism 111-12, 115 Turnaoğlu, Banu 7, 111, 123n7 tutelage see stage theory of history Tutelage Constitution see Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China (1931) Tuvan People’s Revolutionary Party 184 Türk ocakları see Turkish Hearths Twenty-One Demands for China 36 Two-and-a Half International 71 two-party system 35, 285, 288 Ueda Teijirõ 155 Uighur 141 Ukraine 184 Ulyanova, Maria 261 UN see United Nations Unified National Salvation (Movement) 143-44, 149n42 Unified National Salvation Theory and Program (Tongyi jiuguo lilun gangling) 143 Union and Progress Party 310 see also Committee for Union and Progress
Index 353 United Front (China) 131-32, 137, 143, 193 United Nations 63, 81, 271, 274; Charter 272; Security Council 187 United Russia 18 United Workers’ Party (Poland) 192 United States 39, 64, 71-72, 77-78, 270-74, 278-79, 282, 289, 291 Ural Bureau of the Central Committee 101 USA see United States USSR see Soviet Union USSR in Construction (SSSR na stróiké) 179 Vandervelde, Émile 6 VKP (b) see Bolsheviks Vargas, Getúlio 118 Vasileostrovsky District Committee 100 Versailles Peace Treaty 60, 75-76 Vichy 37 Vienna Union 74-75 Vietnam 2, 6, 17 Vladislav Hall 325 vocational corporations 41 Voskresensk District Party Conference 96 Vukovar 298 Vyshinskii, Andrei lanuar’evich 187-88 WPK see Workers’ Party (North Korea) WWI see First World War WWII see Second World War Walkerhill Hotel 288 Wang Guangmei 237 Wang Jingwei 36, 131-32 Wang Ming 183 Wang Shizhen 34, 39 Wang Yinchuan 45, 47 Wang Yitang 47 Wang Zhilong 47, 52n2 War Bill (Republic of China) 34 War Participation Supervisory Office (Duban canzhan shiwuchu) 30 Warlord Era 26, 131 Warsaw Pact (Warsaw Treaty Organization) 14, 179, 231, 328 Waseda University 39, 45, 47, 168 Washington 298 Wei Sijiong 47 Weimar 276 Wenceslas Square 324 Wenhuajie 127, 147n2, 147nl0 Wenzhou 49 West 2, 46, 50-51, 86, 110, 115, 119-20, 192, 251, 328 West Germany see Germany (West) Western Europe 2, 11, 64, 72, 110, 119, 191, 280, 296, 320 Whampoa Military Academy 131 White House 278 White Terror 132 White, Theodore 130, 146 Wilson, Woodrow 32 Women’s International Democratic Federation 259 workers’ democracy 10, 85-86, 88, 90, 93-94 Workers’ Party
(Bulgaria) 187 Workers’ Party (North Korea) 15, 190, 204, 207, 251-65, 265n2, 287; Central Committee 254-55, 258-59 Workers’ Party (Poland) 184, 192 Workers’ Party (Romania) 188, 204 Worker’s Party (South Korea) 272 World Exposition 48 World War see First World War; Second World War II Wu Bingxiang 45 Wu Dingchang 45 Wu Zesheng 47 Wu Zonglian 43 Wuhan 134 Xi Jinping 17 Xi’an Incident 143 Xianyouhui see Association of Friends of Constitutionalism Xiao Hua 233 Xiehehui see Concordia Association Xinminbao see New People’s Daily Xu Shichang 28, 30 Xu Shuzheng 27-29, 43, 45, 52n2, 53n7 Xuanchuanbu see Department of Propaganda see also Gaiyao Xunzheng dagang cao’an see Draft Outline of the Tutelage Stage Yamagata Aritomo 36 Yang Du 31, 52, 53n9 Yang Qiqing 233 Yangzi River 128, 136 Yao Guozhen 45 Yao Zhen 45 Yaroslavl 100 Yasuoka Masahiro 157-58
354 Index Ye Chucang 133-35, 145 Ye Gongchuo 44, 52 Yi Sõk-che 276 Yin Shuxian 134 Yiyoushe see Good Friends Yokohama 4 Yõm Chõng-ja 256 Yö-Sun Incident 272 Young China Party 17, 27 Young Turk Revolution 3, 6-7, 109, 113 Young Turks 36-37, 110, 123nll Yu Chin-o 277, 281 Yuan Shikai 26, 28-29, 43, 47, 50 Yugoslavia 1-2, 13, 16, 178-79, 184-86, 195-99, 200-02, 204, 297, 298-300, 302, 304-08, 310n3֊4 Yun Po-sõn 274, 289 Yushin see Constitution of the ROK (Yushin Constitution) Yuyuan Textiles Mill 47 ZKS see Communist Party (Slovenia) Zachariadis, Nikos 183 Zaire 53n3 Zamoskvoretsky District 89, 92, 97 Zang Yinsong 47 Zápotocký, Antonín 208, 211 Zeng Yujun 34, 45, 52 Zhang Guogan 54nl4 Zhang Ji 130-31 Zhang Shizhao 33, 52, 54nl4 Zhang Wentian 229, 242nl3 Zhang Xun 29, 34, 37, 43, 46 Zhang Yuanqi 47 Zhdanov, Andrei Aleksandrovich 185, 190 Zhejiang 43, 49, 134, 149n31 Zhejiang Education Association 43 Zhengwenshe see Political Information Society Zhengxuehui see Political Science Society Zhengzhong shuju 129 Zhili 30 Zhili Faction 44 Zhong Gengyan 54n24 Zhongguo Guomindang see Kuomintang Zhonghua Books 139 Zhongxuanbu see Central Propaganda Department Zhongyang banyuekan see Central Party Biweekly Zhongyang dangshi shiliao bianzuan weiyuanhui see Central Party History Department’s Historical Materials Compilation Committee Zhongyang ribao see Central Daily News Zhongyang tongxunshe see Central News Agency Zhongyang zhoubao 133-35, 137—40, 142-43, 145-46, 148n27, 149n43 Zhou Enlai 148n23֊24, 149n41, 229 Zhou Jiying 49 Zhou Yang 233 Zhu De 226 Zhu Yunguang 133, 135 Zhu Zishuang
135, 138, 143-45, 148n28 Ziherl, Boris 204 Zinov’ev, Grigorii 68 Ziya, Gökalp 111 Ziya, Mehmet 111 ZKJ see League of Communists of Yugoslavia Zongli yishu see Last Will and Testament Zorin, Valerian Aleksandrovich 91, 189, 210 Zou Rong 136 Zunyi 229, 242Ո13-15 |
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| series2 | Routledge studies in the modern history of Asia |
| spelling | Parties as governments in Eurasia, 1913-1991 nationalism, socialism, and development edited by Ivan Sablin and Egas Moniz Bandeira London ; New York Routledge 2022 xii, 354 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Routledge studies in the modern history of Asia Geschichte 1913-1991 gnd rswk-swf Einparteiensystem (DE-588)4013915-3 gnd rswk-swf Eurasien (DE-588)4015685-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content Eurasien (DE-588)4015685-0 g Einparteiensystem (DE-588)4013915-3 s Geschichte 1913-1991 z DE-604 Sablin, Ivan (DE-588)103734037X edt Moniz-Bandeira, Egas (DE-588)115675092X edt Äquivalent Druck-Ausgabe, Paperback 978-1-032-20734-6 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033666718&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033666718&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Parties as governments in Eurasia, 1913-1991 nationalism, socialism, and development Einparteiensystem (DE-588)4013915-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4013915-3 (DE-588)4015685-0 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Parties as governments in Eurasia, 1913-1991 nationalism, socialism, and development |
| title_auth | Parties as governments in Eurasia, 1913-1991 nationalism, socialism, and development |
| title_exact_search | Parties as governments in Eurasia, 1913-1991 nationalism, socialism, and development |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Parties as governments in Eurasia, 1913-1991 nationalism, socialism, and development |
| title_full | Parties as governments in Eurasia, 1913-1991 nationalism, socialism, and development edited by Ivan Sablin and Egas Moniz Bandeira |
| title_fullStr | Parties as governments in Eurasia, 1913-1991 nationalism, socialism, and development edited by Ivan Sablin and Egas Moniz Bandeira |
| title_full_unstemmed | Parties as governments in Eurasia, 1913-1991 nationalism, socialism, and development edited by Ivan Sablin and Egas Moniz Bandeira |
| title_short | Parties as governments in Eurasia, 1913-1991 |
| title_sort | parties as governments in eurasia 1913 1991 nationalism socialism and development |
| title_sub | nationalism, socialism, and development |
| topic | Einparteiensystem (DE-588)4013915-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Einparteiensystem Eurasien Konferenzschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033666718&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033666718&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sablinivan partiesasgovernmentsineurasia19131991nationalismsocialismanddevelopment AT monizbandeiraegas partiesasgovernmentsineurasia19131991nationalismsocialismanddevelopment |