Holdings: Facets of a harmony

Facets of a harmony: the Roma and their locatedness in eastern Slovakia

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Ort, Jan (Author)
Other Authors:	Jones, Philip (Translator)
Format:	Book
Language:	English Czech
Published:	Prague Charles University, Karolinum Press 2022
Edition:	First edition
Subjects:	Geschichte 1945-2022 Roma > Volk Ostslowakisches Gebiet
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register
Item Description:	Literaturverzeichnis Seite 215-224 Překladatel u copyrightu: Philip Jones
Physical Description:	230 Seiten Karten 21 cm
ISBN:	9788024650685

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adam_text	Contents Acknowledgements 8 Introduction: A Village of Harmonious Coexistence Place Methodology Romani studies and anthropology among the Roma in Slovakia Positionality Methodology Writing of the Roma Being local Roma Silencing Gypsyness Locals but not indigenous Facets of a harmony Chapter One: “Our Roma and “our Gadže” The Roma in Slovakia Together but divided Asymmetrical relations A shared understanding of Gypsyness The language of Gypsyness Silencing Gypsyness “Our Roma” “Our Gadže” Still just a Gypsy Experience of the subordinate position Virtuous Roma and amoral Gadže Balancing the Gadžo way of life The narrative of social mobility The narrative of resistance Conclusion 5 11 13 16 16 19 22 24 30 30 33 41 44 45 48 51 54 56 58 61 62 64 66 67 68 71 72 74 Chapter Two: Housing and the Politics of Space The territorialisation of the Roma in Slovakia The asymmetry of post-war construction Politics of the Gypsy settlement Actors of territorialisation The story of Jozef: a Gypsy in the village Maintaining the settlement’s size Council flats for the Roma Continuity of territorial stigmatisation Covert discrimination Territorialisation: the Gadže’s perspective Placing Gypsyness “Jolanian Roma”: local, but stuck in a place “Amongst the Gadže”: confirming Gypsyness Creating a safe space The settlement: discontinuity of material conditions Beyond territorial stigmatisation Conclusion Chapter Three: Language of the “Rusyn Roma” The Romani language in Slovakia Language acquisition in Jolany Slovak Rusyn Rusyn in the local authorities “So the Gadže don’t say...” The Mayoress and Kaleňák New domains of Romani? Language as a tool of othering Language and inter-Roma relations Subverting linguistic dominance Romani: the Roma’s shared cultural code Romani amongst the Gadže “Original” Romani Romani as a cryptic code Conclusion Chapter Four: Gypsy Economy in Jolany The Roma and work in Slovakia Historical overview of economic strategies in Jolany “Gypsy work” Non-Romani actors of the Gypsy economy “Gypsy work” and inter-Roma relations Being a trustworthy worker Shifting the logic of adaptation 79 81 84 85 88 91 94 96 97 99 101 103 105 108 110 111 113 116 120 122 126 128 131 132 133 135 136 139 141 143 145 148 151 154 157 158 161 163 165 168 170 172 The Gypsy economy in Jolany Visibility of the Gypsy economy Migration Roma as “(semi)nomadic Gypsies”? Contesting Gypsyness through migration Escaping everyday racism Jolany as a safe space Conclusion Conclusion: The Roma as Locals Harmony as narrative and social practice “So the Gadže don t say...” Place Gender Roma and kinship 174 177 178 180 182 184 186 188 192 195 197 200 203 206 Epilogue: Is Old Jolany Slowly Disappearing? 210 Bibliography Index 215 225 Bibliography- Published documents Jurova, A. 2008. Rómska menšina na Slovensku v dokumentoch, 1945-1975. Košice: Spoločen skovedný ústav SAV Archives Štátný archív v Prešove, pracovisko Archív Bardejov Štátný archív v Prešove, pracovisko Archív Svidník Internet sources Grill, J. 2008. “Mange miste pro Čechy“ (Mně je v Čechách dobře): slovenští Romové na českých stavbách, migraceonline.cz (online), 21 November 2008. https://migraceonline .cz/cz/e-knihovna/mange-miste-pro-cechy-mne-je-v-cechach-dobre-slovensti-romove -na-ceskych-stavbach. Minh-ha, H. T. 1988. 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Závodská, Μ. 2021. “Vznik jazykové subkomise’ Svazu Cikánů-Romů (1969-1973) pro stan dardizaci romštiny.” Romano džaniben 28 (2): 123-154. 224 Index A Abu Ghosh, Yasar 27,104, 117, 165,177 ‘activation work’ 135, 157, 163—165, 167, 175,189 adaptation 29, 32, 41, 42, 59, 67, 68, 105, 121,129,136,139,140,142,156,160, 172-174,183,189,194,195,199, 200, 208 agency 16, 18, 24, 72-73, 97,137,159,191, 193, 198, 203 alien 15, 37, 62, 64, 194, 204 alienation 213 Anderson, Benedict 35, 208 anonymisation 11, 22 anthropology 8-9, 16-19, 22, 31, 35, 47 anti-Gypsyism 23, 45-48, 61-62, 70, 73, 93,101-102, 110, 117, 160, 177, 192-193, 196-197 assimilation 33, 46, 68, 80, 122-123,127, 129,159,189,194 assimilation policy 33, 122-123, 129 В Baar, Huub van 38, 47, 76, 164, 174, 181, 191-193 ‘backwardness’ 21, 34, 46-47, 56, 63, 69-70, 80, 83, 91, 98-99, 103,106,129,150,157, 159,164,169,173,182,201, 205, 213 Bardejov 85, 89, 93,184 Barth, Frederik 25 Belák, Andrej 17, 53, 56,117 blackness 30, 32, 42, 56-58, 61, 74-76,140, 196 blacksmithery 40, 84, 91,106,158,161,163, 171,181, 204 Bohemian lands 45-46, 85, 90, 94,112, 114, 125,136,157,159,161,162,178, 202 borders (see also boundaries) 12, 14, 27, 34, 36, 53-54, 62, 77, 83,116,160,175,187, 207, 208, 211 boundaries (see also borders) - concept of 25-26 - cultural/social 54,155, 197 - territorial 35, 80, 83, 90, 93, 97, 107, 116-117, 169,183, 188, 207, 212 - political 45 Bourdieu, Pierre 75, 128, 130 Brazzabeni, Micol 27, 41, 76,160, 174-75, 188-189 Brubaker, Rogers 25-26, 124 C capital - capitalisation 143,145,182-183, 187, 189 - economic 41, 53, 74, 171,182, 189, 190, 199 - Gadžo (‘gagikano’) 58 - social 21, 41, 53, 74,117,171,182, 183, 189-90,199 - symbolic 127,143, 147,184 - migrant 182-183, 187, 189 capitalism 210 Christensen, Ann-Dorte 113,115 cigánska robota 41,156,160,163,165-166, 225 depopulation (see ako demographic change) 13, 162 deserving unemployed 188 deterritorialisation 89,117 diglossia 124-125 ‘dispersal’ policy 82, 85-86, 93, 98, 159, 210 displacement 114, 116,193 Donert, Celia 47, 49, 82,122,159, 180-181 ‘doubly occupied place’ 156 168,170, 172, 174, 176, 181-182,188-189, 190 code-switching 39, 126,128, 133-134, 136, 140,144,151-155, 170, 201 coexistence 31,42,153,192,196, 200 - conflictual 76 - harmonious 11, 40, 42, 96, 114,194, 200, 214 - problematic 31, 49, 76 communism (communist era/period, see also socialism) 47, 49-50, 72, 91, 98, 129, 163, 164,168,179,181 communist policies (see also socialist poli cies) 79 Communist Party 122 communist regime 13, 88,122,128, 139 competence/incompetence - cultural 141, 145, 173 - language 19, 39-40,121,125,127-128, 130, 139, 140-143, 145,147-148, 150-151,154-155,157,173, 201 - social 174,183 conflict (see also coexistence - conflictual) 59, 63, 72, 96, 101,110, 135,152 council flats (see also low-grade council flats) 35, 44, 50, 53-54, 69, 79, 82, 95-99, 103-106, 108-109,111-115,118, 120, 130-131, 135-136, 140, 144,157, 183, 212, 214 counter-narrative 73, 113,194, 198 Critical Romani Studies (see also Romani studies) 24 cryptic code 39, 151-153, 155-156,173, 199 Cunha, Ivone Manuela (see Brazzabeni, Micol) Czech Republic (see also Bohemian lands) 19, 23-24, 43, 48, 5 7, 65, 69, 94,112, 124,129, 146,149,151, 157, 160, 162-163, 165,167, 178-179,182, 183-187, 202, 205-207 červenka, Jan 18,122-123,125 economic practices 40-41, 70, 160,165, 167, 175-176,178,184,189-190 economic strategies 33, 40-41, 156,158, 160-163,165, 172, 174-175,177-179, 185, 188-191 economy - informal 22, 52, 157,163,165, 167, 175-176,179,190 - formal 162, 174,176, 179, 188, 190 - Gypsy (see Gypsy Economy) education 14, 33, 50, 95, 97,120-123,127, 129-130,136,139,141,144,156 Elias, Norbert 105,117,183,188 Elšík, Viktor 124, 149, 150 employment (see also unemployment) 41, 50, 63, 71, 80, 86-87, 94,104,127, 132-133, 153, 161-163,165-166,175,179, 190 Engebrigtsen, Ada I. 18 England 71,186-187 Eriksen, Thomas Hylland 25 established vs. outsiders 105, 117,183, 188, 190 ethnicity 25, 26, 27, 34, 75, 83,197, 210 ethnography 16-17, 22-23, 26, 30, 35, 41, 76, 116, 188, 193, 210 European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages 123,136 European Union 160,166-167, 190 ‘evictability’ 38,181,191, 193 D F darekana (‘back in the day’ - Romani con cept) 71-72, 77, 150, 211 Davidová, Eva 17 degeša (Romani concept) 63, 66, 69-71, 150, 173, 201 demographic change 13, 33-34, 47, 54, 95, 143,181, 190, 211-212, 214 Fabian, Johannes 29 Fanon, Frantz 30-32, 54, 57, 74-75, 140-141 Ferguson, James 116 Ferguson, Charles A. 124 Filčák, Richard 83, 87,102 Fishman, Joshua A. 124,126 E 226 Fotta, Martin (see also Brazzabeni, Micol) 193 G Gardner, Katy 183 Gay Y Blasco, Paloma 23, 26, 35, 116 gender 21, 24,40,137,128,142,145,155, 185,194,203-206, 208 generations 19, 28, 54-55, 68, 71, 111, 124-125,127,129-130,139, 141,150, 154,161-162,168,171 ghettoisation 193 Glick-Schiller, Nina 193 Greece 36, 54,116,149 Greek Catholic Church 13, 49, 51,139 Grill, Jan 17, 27, 37, 46-48, 54, 56-58, 62, 63, 68, 71, 75-76,104,107,159-160, 164-165,167-168,170,174-175,177, 182,184-185,187-189,191, 206 Guy, Will 17,45-47, 76, 82, 89-90, 93, 117,159,180-181,187,190-191, 203 Gadže 12,15, 27,42,49, 52, 56, 57, 59, 60,62, 63, 66-69, 71-74, 93,101,109, 113-114,121,132,134, 141, 143-144, 147-149,151-153,175,184-185,190,192, 198-199,201, 205 - ‘amongst the Gadže’ (Romani concept) 34-35, 69, 80, 83, 93, 95,103-112,117, 129-131, 147,157, 169,171, 182-184, 204, 207, 212,214 - ‘amoral’ Gadže 67-68,175, 205 - Gadžo cultural code 142 - Gadžo customs 107,143 - Gadžo language (see also non-Romani language) 129-130, 132, 134,173, 198, 201 - Gadžo normality 199 - Gadžo order 29, 68, 189, 199 - Gadžo sense 93 - Gadžo socio-economic networks 41, 49 - Gadžo way of life (see also non-Romani way of life) 35, 41, 68, 71, 93, 117, 146, 150,156,194-195,205-206 - Gadžo world (see also non-Romani world) 68, 198, 205 - ‘our Gadže (Romani concept) 44, 62, 64, 73, 76, 93,148, 200-202 - ‘speak with the Gadže’ (Romani con cept) 173, 174,189 - ‘to be one with Gadže’ (Romani con cept) 42, 58, 136 - ‘to live like a Gadžo’ (Romani concept) 32, 34, 39, 56, 65, 68,104,107,117, 131-132,155,177 - ‘to live with the Gadže (Romani con cept) 49,143, 201, 207 - ‘to reach out to Gadženess’ (Romani concept) 32, 69,143,201 - ‘so the Gadže don’t say’ (Romani con cept) 60, 70, 72,133-34,152,156,174, 186,197-200 - ‘to try to make out one is a Gadžo (Romani concept) 32, 69, 143 Gadženess 32-33, 69 Gažovičová, Tina 122-123, 129, 136 Government Decree no. 502/1965 (see also ‘dispersal’ policy) 85, 93 Gypsies - ‘backward’ 21, 34, 46-47, 56, 63, 69, 70, 80, 83, 91,103,106, 150,159,173,182, 201, 205, 213 - ‘lazy’ 164,183,188, 189 ֊ ‘Gypsy origin’ 33, 46, 91, 92,107, 159, 180, 204, 211 ֊ ‘our Gypsies’ (see also ‘our Roma’) 81, 204 - ‘problematic’ 37, 42, 58, 63,106,117, 134,168,196, 197 Gypsy Economy 41,157,160,165,174-175, 177,189 ‘Gypsy settlement’ (see also Romani settle ment) 34, 80, 85, 89,117 - ‘liquidation of’ 89, 117 Gypsy Work (see cigánska robota) Gypsy worker 161 Gypsy-Roma Union (see Zväz Cigánoo-Rómov) Gypsyness - ‘silencing’ 30, 32-33 - ‘(not) naming’ 31-32, 117,196 - ‘escaping’ 42, 80, 83, 108,169,174, 177 - ‘exaggerated’ 32 H Hajská, Marketa 17, 124-125, 168 Halwachs, Dieter W. 123 Hojsik, Marek 81-83, 97,115 Horváth, Kata 27, 31-34, 51, 60, 61, 69-70, 75, 77,103,118,165,168,196,198-199,211 227 Horváthová, Emilia 17, 158 housing 14, 33-35, 46, 79-83, 85-88, 90-92,94-99,101,103-106,108,110-112, 116,117, 120, 122,138, 159, 165,169, 177, 178,180,187, 204,206, 210, 212 Howe, Leo 169, 170, 188 Hrustič, Tomáš 17, 23, 48, 104, 176 Hübschmannová, Milena 16-18, 23, 28, 37, 45-46, 57, 62-63, 81,122-125,129,136, 144-145, 158,161 Hungary 31-35, 46, 51, 60, 64, 68-70, 77, 103,137, 198 Hungarians 31-33, 61, 70 Hungarian language 124-125 I identity - 16, 26-27, 29, 31, 35-37, 39, 68, 116,118, 124-125, 132, 174,191, 204, 208-209 imagined community 35, 36, 208, 209 ‘inappropriate/d others’ (see Others - inappropriate/d) inferiority 29-30, 32, 57, 62, 66, 75, 93,118, 129-130,158-159 intelligibility 60, 133-134, 148,151-153, 174,196 inter-ethnic marriage 50, 65, 207 J Jakoubek, Marek 12, 17, 25 Jenkins, Richard 25-26 Jensen, Sune Qyotrup 113, 115 Jews 14, 38, 90, 161 К Kandert, Josef 163 kinship 37, 40, 69, 92, 94-95,105-106,194, 206-209 Kobes, Tomáš 17, 28, 36-37, 40, 48, 62, 92, 132,184,187,191, 206, 210 Kovai, Cecilia 27, 31, 32-34, 46, 51, 60-61, 69, 70, 75, 77 Kubanik, Pavel 17,125-127,129,133,147 L Lackóvá, Elena 38, 57, 93 language - acquisition 126-128,130,131, 144 - domains 120, 123,124,131,132,136, 138-139, 142 - choice 25,126,130, 133,134,136 - competence (incompetence) 19, 39, 40, 121,125,127-128,130,139,140-143, 145,147-148,150-151,154-155,157, 173, 201 - planning 121,123,136-139 - policy 120, 122, 136-139 - prestige 121,124-125,130,141, 145 - standardisation 122-123,139 - transmission 124,130,139,141,154 - transparency 60, 135-136,142,151-155, 169 Law no. 74/1958 (see also nomadism) 159, 180-182 local authority (see also municipal authority/office) 35, 38,46, 79, 81-82, 89, 91, 99, 116-117, 120, 127,132-133,136-138,148, 157,176,180, 191,196, 204, 207, 212 local committee 80, 85, 87, 89, 94, 97, 99, 107,180-181 local culture 15, 49,142,150, 197 local way of life (see local culture) 15, 39, 48, 72 low-grade council flats (see also council flats) 21, 35, 50, 82, 96, 99 Μ Maikki, Lisa 128 marginality 13, 16, 33-34, 47-48, 70, 82, 101-103,142, 160,163,165-166,168-69, 176, 181-182, 190-191, 196-197, 202, 211 media 11, 15, 23, 40, 42, 59, 96,114,126, 139,195, 214 methodological nationalism 193 migration 41, 47-48, 71, 76, 94, 107, 108, 124, 149, 158-162,178-187,189-191,197, 202-203, 205-206 Minh-ha, Trinh T. 36,132 mobility - social (socio-economic) 23, 46, 70, 71, 97, 107, 120-121, 141, 178,182, 186-187, 191, 207 - spatial 36, 94,103,107,112,116,117, 159,182,187 morality 41, 67-68,160,188, 205 municipal authority/office (see also local authority) 14, 80,121,122,137,138,164 musicianship 36-38, 40, 54, 59, 67, 146, 157-158,161,163,204 Mušinka, Alexander 12, 83,108,118 228 N neoliberalism 47,160,164,193 newcomers 29, 102, 119, 195, nomadism 35-36,116,159, 180,193, 203 nomadisation 193 non-conflict (see conflict) non-Romani normality (see also normality) 194 non-Romani world (see also Gadžo world) 21, 27,32,42,58, 66-68, 71-72, 74-75, 124,129,132,150,168,170,175,199 non-Romani way of life 34-35, 38,45, 64, 105,107,115,145,150,156,174,199-202 non-Romani dominance 20, 29, 42, 101, 107, 108,110,118, 135, 144, 160, 190,194, 197-199, 202 non-Romani language 27, 60, 69, 141-145, 151-152, 155-156 normality 27, 30, 32, 57, 59,138,159,181, 191,194,196,198-199 О odd jobs (see also economy - informal) 52-53, 55, 71,109, 111, 128, 135, 152,157, 163-164, 165,167,170-173,175-176,179, 183,189, 200, 204 Olivera, Martin 16, 27, 38-39, 50, 58, 119, 156,193 Other 25, 204, 207, 209 ֊ colonial 24 - excluded 194 - European 193 - Gypsies 201 - ‘inappropriate/d’ 36, 132 ‘our Roma’ 34, 36-37, 44, 61-62, 64, 92, 94, 103,181,187,196,198, 200, 202-203, 213 outsiders 61, 65, 92,193 - locals vs. 13,15, 26, 37, 92,102, 142,145 - eternal’ 29, 38,197, 202 - ‘perennial’ 193 - established vs. 105,117, 183,188, 190 P paternalism 55, 73,186, 206 patw (‘respect, honour’ - Romani concept) 143, 150 participation (of the Roma) - political 47, 49, 95, 133 - social 46, 48-50, 60, 70-71, 152, 155, 159,162,168,198, 204 patron / client 31, 40, 62, 73-74, 97,103, 141,158 Pattillo, Mary 115,118 Piasere, Leonardo 58 Pintér, Tibor 125 Podolinská, Tatiana 17, 48 Poland 12-14, 90,114,149, 208 Poles 15, 26, 28, 61, 64, 75 Polish language 15, 208 Polish Roma 149, 208 politics of space 33, 34, 38, 79-119, 201 Port, Mattijs van de 54 post-marital residence 40, 94, 155, 204 pre-war period 13, 84,161,163,186 precarity 33, 41, 98, 165,186 R race 24, 75, 46, 47, 48, 54-56, 58, 63, 67, 70, 76,161,195-197,205, 210 racial discrimination (see also racism) 196-197 racial/racialised hierarchy (see also social hierarchy) 45, 54, 56, 58, 74, 76,106,139, 190,192,195-196, 205 racialisation 30, 45, 48, 55, 57-58, 61, 65-66, 74-76,106,118,128,139,140,188, 190,192,195-196,198,210, 211 racism 42, 73, 110,164,174,181,186,192, 194,196,199 - internalised racism 56, 75 - excaping racism 184 racial segregation (see also segregation) 48, 63, 76, 98 relocation (see also resettlement) 13, 35, 47, 68, 81-83, 85-86, 90,100,114,116 resettlement 90,181 resistence 72-73, 80, 93, 97, 114, 116, 118, 133,172, 188,194,198, 212 residential structure 87, 95, 114 ‘Romani butji’ 168 Romani language 12, 14-16,18-19, 27, 39, 40, 50, 61, 63, 69,120-156,172-174,189, 198,200-201,208 Romani studies 16-19, 24 Romani settlement (see ako Gypsy settle ment) 12, 14, 17, 20-21, 32, 34-35, 39, 42, 44, 50, 54, 67, 69, 78-79, 81-83, 90, 94-96, 101,112,114,116-118, 150,182, 201 Romanian Roma 18, 149, 151,156, 208-209 Rusyn language 14-15,19, 39, 40, 69, 229 70, 75, 83, 97, 99, 104, 109,110, 111-115, 118,123,136,146,154,169,177,183,195, 199 stranger 193 subversion 41, 156, 169, 173-174,188-189, 194,198-199 superiority 29, 42, 61, 67-68, 73-74, 104, 160,183,196,198, 205 Svidník 79-80, 87, 89, 95, 112, 114, 133, 140,151, 159, 162-163,167-168,171, 175-176, 180, 184-185 symbolic violence 75 Šotola, Jaroslav 15, 17, 23, 24, 29, 48 120-121,124-128, 130-140, 142,144-146, 149-156,170,172-173, 201, 208 Rusyn Roma 28, 39, 43, 120, 132,137 Rusyns 13-14, 26, 28, 31, 121,127-128, 145 S Sadílková, Helena 17, 22, 46, 49, 76, 81, 89, 116-117,122-123,125,159,191,193 Scheffel, David 12, 17, 37, 38, 48, 59, 76, 81, 93, 116,118,154, 193 Second World War 13-14, 36, 38, 45, 49, 62, 78, 80-82, 84, 91,158,161,178 segregation (see also racial segregation) 12-13,15, 21, 42, 46-48, 50, 56, 63-64, 76, 81-83, 86, 90, 98,114,118,127,149, 150,210 selfexclusion 60,117 Simmel, Georg 193 skin colour 30-31, 42, 45, 57-58, 63, 75, 196, 206 Sloboda, Marián 123,128, 137, 139 Slovak language 14-15,19, 27, 39, 69, 120-121,124-146,149,152-154,158-159 Slovaks 13-14,19, 26, 28, 31, 37-38, 59, 74, 185,192 smithery (see blacksmithery) sociability 11, 194, 198-199 social hierarchy 15, 30, 33, 38, 45, 54-56, 58, 74, 76, 106,121, 128-129, 131, 133, 136,139,142, 154,178, 182, 190,192, 195, 196,205 social mobility (see mobility - social) socialism 27, 31, 33, 46, 49, 57, 80, 98-99, 113,123,127, 129,159, 162,168,180, 210-211 socialist policies (see also state policies) 79, 89, 95, 98, 159 socialist worker 159 Sokolová, Vera 27,107,181, 203, 210-211 spatial mobility (see mobility - spatial) state policies 33, 35, 41, 47, 79, 82-83, 85, 86, 89, 91, 93, 95, 98-99,105,117, 122-123,128-129,138-139,159,167,191, 193, 203, 210 Stewart, Michael 16, 23-24, 26, 31, 35, 68, 75, 116,168 Stewart, Kathleen 156 stigma/stigmatisation (see also territorial stigmatisation) 16, 21, 31-32, 57, 64, 67, T temporality 29, 34, 77, 210 territorial hegemony 83, 90, 99, 117, 213, 214 territorial stigmatisation 83, 97, 99,109, 112-114, 118, 169,183 territorialisation 77, 81-83, 88-89, 91, 93, 99, 101-102, 104, 113,116-118, 210 Theodosiou, Aspasia 26, 35-40, 54,116, 118,132,149-150,156,191,193, 202-203 U unemployment (see also employment) 47, 55, 127, 157, 164, 165-167,169,170, 175, 188 United Kingdom (see England) urbanisation 82, 191 usury 176 V Vaňko, Juraj 95 W Wacquant, Loïc 75, 83, 99, ИЗ, 118 ‘welfare scroungers’ 188 whiteness 15, 30, 32, 41-42, 54, 57-59, 61, 75,196 Wimmer, Andreas 25, 193 work ethic 158, 160, 163-165, 168-170, 173, 175, 188 Z Zväz Cigánov-Rómov (Gypsy-Roma Union) 49, 86, 90,122 Závodská, Milada 122 230
adam_txt	Contents Acknowledgements 8 Introduction: A Village of Harmonious Coexistence Place Methodology Romani studies and anthropology among the Roma in Slovakia Positionality Methodology Writing of the Roma Being local Roma Silencing Gypsyness Locals but not indigenous Facets of a harmony Chapter One: “Our Roma" and “our Gadže” The Roma in Slovakia Together but divided Asymmetrical relations A shared understanding of Gypsyness The language of Gypsyness Silencing Gypsyness “Our Roma” “Our Gadže” Still just a Gypsy Experience of the subordinate position Virtuous Roma and amoral Gadže Balancing the Gadžo way of life The narrative of social mobility The narrative of resistance Conclusion 5 11 13 16 16 19 22 24 30 30 33 41 44 45 48 51 54 56 58 61 62 64 66 67 68 71 72 74 Chapter Two: Housing and the Politics of Space The territorialisation of the Roma in Slovakia The asymmetry of post-war construction Politics of the Gypsy settlement Actors of territorialisation The story of Jozef: a Gypsy in the village Maintaining the settlement’s size Council flats for the Roma Continuity of territorial stigmatisation Covert discrimination Territorialisation: the Gadže’s perspective Placing Gypsyness “Jolanian Roma”: local, but stuck in a place “Amongst the Gadže”: confirming Gypsyness Creating a safe space The settlement: discontinuity of material conditions Beyond territorial stigmatisation Conclusion Chapter Three: Language of the “Rusyn Roma” The Romani language in Slovakia Language acquisition in Jolany Slovak Rusyn Rusyn in the local authorities “So the Gadže don’t say.” The Mayoress and Kaleňák New domains of Romani? Language as a tool of othering Language and inter-Roma relations Subverting linguistic dominance Romani: the Roma’s shared cultural code Romani amongst the Gadže “Original” Romani Romani as a cryptic code Conclusion Chapter Four: Gypsy Economy in Jolany The Roma and work in Slovakia Historical overview of economic strategies in Jolany “Gypsy work” Non-Romani actors of the Gypsy economy “Gypsy work” and inter-Roma relations Being a trustworthy worker Shifting the logic of adaptation 79 81 84 85 88 91 94 96 97 99 101 103 105 108 110 111 113 116 120 122 126 128 131 132 133 135 136 139 141 143 145 148 151 154 157 158 161 163 165 168 170 172 The Gypsy economy in Jolany Visibility of the Gypsy economy Migration Roma as “(semi)nomadic Gypsies”? Contesting Gypsyness through migration Escaping everyday racism Jolany as a safe space Conclusion Conclusion: The Roma as Locals Harmony as narrative and social practice “So the Gadže don't say.” Place Gender Roma and kinship 174 177 178 180 182 184 186 188 192 195 197 200 203 206 Epilogue: Is Old Jolany Slowly Disappearing? 210 Bibliography Index 215 225 Bibliography- Published documents Jurova, A. 2008. Rómska menšina na Slovensku v dokumentoch, 1945-1975. Košice: Spoločen skovedný ústav SAV Archives Štátný archív v Prešove, pracovisko Archív Bardejov Štátný archív v Prešove, pracovisko Archív Svidník Internet sources Grill, J. 2008. “Mange miste pro Čechy“ (Mně je v Čechách dobře): slovenští Romové na českých stavbách, migraceonline.cz (online), 21 November 2008. https://migraceonline .cz/cz/e-knihovna/mange-miste-pro-cechy-mne-je-v-cechach-dobre-slovensti-romove -na-ceskych-stavbach. Minh-ha, H. T. 1988. 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Závodská, Μ. 2021. “Vznik jazykové subkomise’ Svazu Cikánů-Romů (1969-1973) pro stan dardizaci romštiny.” Romano džaniben 28 (2): 123-154. 224 Index A Abu Ghosh, Yasar 27,104, 117, 165,177 ‘activation work’ 135, 157, 163—165, 167, 175,189 adaptation 29, 32, 41, 42, 59, 67, 68, 105, 121,129,136,139,140,142,156,160, 172-174,183,189,194,195,199, 200, 208 agency 16, 18, 24, 72-73, 97,137,159,191, 193, 198, 203 alien 15, 37, 62, 64, 194, 204 alienation 213 Anderson, Benedict 35, 208 anonymisation 11, 22 anthropology 8-9, 16-19, 22, 31, 35, 47 anti-Gypsyism 23, 45-48, 61-62, 70, 73, 93,101-102, 110, 117, 160, 177, 192-193, 196-197 assimilation 33, 46, 68, 80, 122-123,127, 129,159,189,194 assimilation policy 33, 122-123, 129 В Baar, Huub van 38, 47, 76, 164, 174, 181, 191-193 ‘backwardness’ 21, 34, 46-47, 56, 63, 69-70, 80, 83, 91, 98-99, 103,106,129,150,157, 159,164,169,173,182,201, 205, 213 Bardejov 85, 89, 93,184 Barth, Frederik 25 Belák, Andrej 17, 53, 56,117 blackness 30, 32, 42, 56-58, 61, 74-76,140, 196 blacksmithery 40, 84, 91,106,158,161,163, 171,181, 204 Bohemian lands 45-46, 85, 90, 94,112, 114, 125,136,157,159,161,162,178, 202 borders (see also boundaries) 12, 14, 27, 34, 36, 53-54, 62, 77, 83,116,160,175,187, 207, 208, 211 boundaries (see also borders) - concept of 25-26 - cultural/social 54,155, 197 - territorial 35, 80, 83, 90, 93, 97, 107, 116-117, 169,183, 188, 207, 212 - political 45 Bourdieu, Pierre 75, 128, 130 Brazzabeni, Micol 27, 41, 76,160, 174-75, 188-189 Brubaker, Rogers 25-26, 124 C capital - capitalisation 143,145,182-183, 187, 189 - economic 41, 53, 74, 171,182, 189, 190, 199 - Gadžo (‘gagikano’) 58 - social 21, 41, 53, 74,117,171,182, 183, 189-90,199 - symbolic 127,143, 147,184 - migrant 182-183, 187, 189 capitalism 210 Christensen, Ann-Dorte 113,115 cigánska robota 41,156,160,163,165-166, 225 depopulation (see ako demographic change) 13, 162 deserving unemployed 188 deterritorialisation 89,117 diglossia 124-125 ‘dispersal’ policy 82, 85-86, 93, 98, 159, 210 displacement 114, 116,193 Donert, Celia 47, 49, 82,122,159, 180-181 ‘doubly occupied place’ 156 168,170, 172, 174, 176, 181-182,188-189, 190 code-switching 39, 126,128, 133-134, 136, 140,144,151-155, 170, 201 coexistence 31,42,153,192,196, 200 - conflictual 76 - harmonious 11, 40, 42, 96, 114,194, 200, 214 - problematic 31, 49, 76 communism (communist era/period, see also socialism) 47, 49-50, 72, 91, 98, 129, 163, 164,168,179,181 communist policies (see also socialist poli cies) 79 Communist Party 122 communist regime 13, 88,122,128, 139 competence/incompetence - cultural 141, 145, 173 - language 19, 39-40,121,125,127-128, 130, 139, 140-143, 145,147-148, 150-151,154-155,157,173, 201 - social 174,183 conflict (see also coexistence - conflictual) 59, 63, 72, 96, 101,110, 135,152 council flats (see also low-grade council flats) 35, 44, 50, 53-54, 69, 79, 82, 95-99, 103-106, 108-109,111-115,118, 120, 130-131, 135-136, 140, 144,157, 183, 212, 214 counter-narrative 73, 113,194, 198 Critical Romani Studies (see also Romani studies) 24 cryptic code 39, 151-153, 155-156,173, 199 Cunha, Ivone Manuela (see Brazzabeni, Micol) Czech Republic (see also Bohemian lands) 19, 23-24, 43, 48, 5 7, 65, 69, 94,112, 124,129, 146,149,151, 157, 160, 162-163, 165,167, 178-179,182, 183-187, 202, 205-207 červenka, Jan 18,122-123,125 economic practices 40-41, 70, 160,165, 167, 175-176,178,184,189-190 economic strategies 33, 40-41, 156,158, 160-163,165, 172, 174-175,177-179, 185, 188-191 economy - informal 22, 52, 157,163,165, 167, 175-176,179,190 - formal 162, 174,176, 179, 188, 190 - Gypsy (see Gypsy Economy) education 14, 33, 50, 95, 97,120-123,127, 129-130,136,139,141,144,156 Elias, Norbert 105,117,183,188 Elšík, Viktor 124, 149, 150 employment (see also unemployment) 41, 50, 63, 71, 80, 86-87, 94,104,127, 132-133, 153, 161-163,165-166,175,179, 190 Engebrigtsen, Ada I. 18 England 71,186-187 Eriksen, Thomas Hylland 25 established vs. outsiders 105, 117,183, 188, 190 ethnicity 25, 26, 27, 34, 75, 83,197, 210 ethnography 16-17, 22-23, 26, 30, 35, 41, 76, 116, 188, 193, 210 European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages 123,136 European Union 160,166-167, 190 ‘evictability’ 38,181,191, 193 D F darekana (‘back in the day’ - Romani con cept) 71-72, 77, 150, 211 Davidová, Eva 17 degeša (Romani concept) 63, 66, 69-71, 150, 173, 201 demographic change 13, 33-34, 47, 54, 95, 143,181, 190, 211-212, 214 Fabian, Johannes 29 Fanon, Frantz 30-32, 54, 57, 74-75, 140-141 Ferguson, James 116 Ferguson, Charles A. 124 Filčák, Richard 83, 87,102 Fishman, Joshua A. 124,126 E 226 Fotta, Martin (see also Brazzabeni, Micol) 193 G Gardner, Katy 183 Gay Y Blasco, Paloma 23, 26, 35, 116 gender 21, 24,40,137,128,142,145,155, 185,194,203-206, 208 generations 19, 28, 54-55, 68, 71, 111, 124-125,127,129-130,139, 141,150, 154,161-162,168,171 ghettoisation 193 Glick-Schiller, Nina 193 Greece 36, 54,116,149 Greek Catholic Church 13, 49, 51,139 Grill, Jan 17, 27, 37, 46-48, 54, 56-58, 62, 63, 68, 71, 75-76,104,107,159-160, 164-165,167-168,170,174-175,177, 182,184-185,187-189,191, 206 Guy, Will 17,45-47, 76, 82, 89-90, 93, 117,159,180-181,187,190-191, 203 Gadže 12,15, 27,42,49, 52, 56, 57, 59, 60,62, 63, 66-69, 71-74, 93,101,109, 113-114,121,132,134, 141, 143-144, 147-149,151-153,175,184-185,190,192, 198-199,201, 205 - ‘amongst the Gadže’ (Romani concept) 34-35, 69, 80, 83, 93, 95,103-112,117, 129-131, 147,157, 169,171, 182-184, 204, 207, 212,214 - ‘amoral’ Gadže 67-68,175, 205 - Gadžo cultural code 142 - Gadžo customs 107,143 - Gadžo language (see also non-Romani language) 129-130, 132, 134,173, 198, 201 - Gadžo normality 199 - Gadžo order 29, 68, 189, 199 - Gadžo sense 93 - Gadžo socio-economic networks 41, 49 - Gadžo way of life (see also non-Romani way of life) 35, 41, 68, 71, 93, 117, 146, 150,156,194-195,205-206 - Gadžo world (see also non-Romani world) 68, 198, 205 - ‘our Gadže' (Romani concept) 44, 62, 64, 73, 76, 93,148, 200-202 - ‘speak with the Gadže’ (Romani con cept) 173, 174,189 - ‘to be one with Gadže’ (Romani con cept) 42, 58, 136 - ‘to live like a Gadžo’ (Romani concept) 32, 34, 39, 56, 65, 68,104,107,117, 131-132,155,177 - ‘to live with the Gadže' (Romani con cept) 49,143, 201, 207 - ‘to reach out to Gadženess’ (Romani concept) 32, 69,143,201 - ‘so the Gadže don’t say’ (Romani con cept) 60, 70, 72,133-34,152,156,174, 186,197-200 - ‘to try to make out one is a Gadžo' (Romani concept) 32, 69, 143 Gadženess 32-33, 69 Gažovičová, Tina 122-123, 129, 136 Government Decree no. 502/1965 (see also ‘dispersal’ policy) 85, 93 Gypsies - ‘backward’ 21, 34, 46-47, 56, 63, 69, 70, 80, 83, 91,103,106, 150,159,173,182, 201, 205, 213 - ‘lazy’ 164,183,188, 189 ֊ ‘Gypsy origin’ 33, 46, 91, 92,107, 159, 180, 204, 211 ֊ ‘our Gypsies’ (see also ‘our Roma’) 81, 204 - ‘problematic’ 37, 42, 58, 63,106,117, 134,168,196, 197 Gypsy Economy 41,157,160,165,174-175, 177,189 ‘Gypsy settlement’ (see also Romani settle ment) 34, 80, 85, 89,117 - ‘liquidation of’ 89, 117 Gypsy Work (see cigánska robota) Gypsy worker 161 Gypsy-Roma Union (see Zväz Cigánoo-Rómov) Gypsyness - ‘silencing’ 30, 32-33 - ‘(not) naming’ 31-32, 117,196 - ‘escaping’ 42, 80, 83, 108,169,174, 177 - ‘exaggerated’ 32 H Hajská, Marketa 17, 124-125, 168 Halwachs, Dieter W. 123 Hojsik, Marek 81-83, 97,115 Horváth, Kata 27, 31-34, 51, 60, 61, 69-70, 75, 77,103,118,165,168,196,198-199,211 227 Horváthová, Emilia 17, 158 housing 14, 33-35, 46, 79-83, 85-88, 90-92,94-99,101,103-106,108,110-112, 116,117, 120, 122,138, 159, 165,169, 177, 178,180,187, 204,206, 210, 212 Howe, Leo 169, 170, 188 Hrustič, Tomáš 17, 23, 48, 104, 176 Hübschmannová, Milena 16-18, 23, 28, 37, 45-46, 57, 62-63, 81,122-125,129,136, 144-145, 158,161 Hungary 31-35, 46, 51, 60, 64, 68-70, 77, 103,137, 198 Hungarians 31-33, 61, 70 Hungarian language 124-125 I identity - 16, 26-27, 29, 31, 35-37, 39, 68, 116,118, 124-125, 132, 174,191, 204, 208-209 imagined community 35, 36, 208, 209 ‘inappropriate/d others’ (see Others - inappropriate/d) inferiority 29-30, 32, 57, 62, 66, 75, 93,118, 129-130,158-159 intelligibility 60, 133-134, 148,151-153, 174,196 inter-ethnic marriage 50, 65, 207 J Jakoubek, Marek 12, 17, 25 Jenkins, Richard 25-26 Jensen, Sune Qyotrup 113, 115 Jews 14, 38, 90, 161 К Kandert, Josef 163 kinship 37, 40, 69, 92, 94-95,105-106,194, 206-209 Kobes, Tomáš 17, 28, 36-37, 40, 48, 62, 92, 132,184,187,191, 206, 210 Kovai, Cecilia 27, 31, 32-34, 46, 51, 60-61, 69, 70, 75, 77 Kubanik, Pavel 17,125-127,129,133,147 L Lackóvá, Elena 38, 57, 93 language - acquisition 126-128,130,131, 144 - domains 120, 123,124,131,132,136, 138-139, 142 - choice 25,126,130, 133,134,136 - competence (incompetence) 19, 39, 40, 121,125,127-128,130,139,140-143, 145,147-148,150-151,154-155,157, 173, 201 - planning 121,123,136-139 - policy 120, 122, 136-139 - prestige 121,124-125,130,141, 145 - standardisation 122-123,139 - transmission 124,130,139,141,154 - transparency 60, 135-136,142,151-155, 169 Law no. 74/1958 (see also nomadism) 159, 180-182 local authority (see also municipal authority/office) 35, 38,46, 79, 81-82, 89, 91, 99, 116-117, 120, 127,132-133,136-138,148, 157,176,180, 191,196, 204, 207, 212 local committee 80, 85, 87, 89, 94, 97, 99, 107,180-181 local culture 15, 49,142,150, 197 local way of life (see local culture) 15, 39, 48, 72 low-grade council flats (see also council flats) 21, 35, 50, 82, 96, 99 Μ Maikki, Lisa 128 marginality 13, 16, 33-34, 47-48, 70, 82, 101-103,142, 160,163,165-166,168-69, 176, 181-182, 190-191, 196-197, 202, 211 media 11, 15, 23, 40, 42, 59, 96,114,126, 139,195, 214 methodological nationalism 193 migration 41, 47-48, 71, 76, 94, 107, 108, 124, 149, 158-162,178-187,189-191,197, 202-203, 205-206 Minh-ha, Trinh T. 36,132 mobility - social (socio-economic) 23, 46, 70, 71, 97, 107, 120-121, 141, 178,182, 186-187, 191, 207 - spatial 36, 94,103,107,112,116,117, 159,182,187 morality 41, 67-68,160,188, 205 municipal authority/office (see also local authority) 14, 80,121,122,137,138,164 musicianship 36-38, 40, 54, 59, 67, 146, 157-158,161,163,204 Mušinka, Alexander 12, 83,108,118 228 N neoliberalism 47,160,164,193 newcomers 29, 102, 119, 195, nomadism 35-36,116,159, 180,193, 203 nomadisation 193 non-conflict (see conflict) non-Romani normality (see also normality) 194 non-Romani world (see also Gadžo world) 21, 27,32,42,58, 66-68, 71-72, 74-75, 124,129,132,150,168,170,175,199 non-Romani way of life 34-35, 38,45, 64, 105,107,115,145,150,156,174,199-202 non-Romani dominance 20, 29, 42, 101, 107, 108,110,118, 135, 144, 160, 190,194, 197-199, 202 non-Romani language 27, 60, 69, 141-145, 151-152, 155-156 normality 27, 30, 32, 57, 59,138,159,181, 191,194,196,198-199 О odd jobs (see also economy - informal) 52-53, 55, 71,109, 111, 128, 135, 152,157, 163-164, 165,167,170-173,175-176,179, 183,189, 200, 204 Olivera, Martin 16, 27, 38-39, 50, 58, 119, 156,193 Other 25, 204, 207, 209 ֊ colonial 24 - excluded 194 - European 193 - Gypsies 201 - ‘inappropriate/d’ 36, 132 ‘our Roma’ 34, 36-37, 44, 61-62, 64, 92, 94, 103,181,187,196,198, 200, 202-203, 213 outsiders 61, 65, 92,193 - locals vs. 13,15, 26, 37, 92,102, 142,145 - eternal’ 29, 38,197, 202 - ‘perennial’ 193 - established vs. 105,117, 183,188, 190 P paternalism 55, 73,186, 206 patw (‘respect, honour’ - Romani concept) 143, 150 participation (of the Roma) - political 47, 49, 95, 133 - social 46, 48-50, 60, 70-71, 152, 155, 159,162,168,198, 204 patron / client 31, 40, 62, 73-74, 97,103, 141,158 Pattillo, Mary 115,118 Piasere, Leonardo 58 Pintér, Tibor 125 Podolinská, Tatiana 17, 48 Poland 12-14, 90,114,149, 208 Poles 15, 26, 28, 61, 64, 75 Polish language 15, 208 Polish Roma 149, 208 politics of space 33, 34, 38, 79-119, 201 Port, Mattijs van de 54 post-marital residence 40, 94, 155, 204 pre-war period 13, 84,161,163,186 precarity 33, 41, 98, 165,186 R race 24, 75, 46, 47, 48, 54-56, 58, 63, 67, 70, 76,161,195-197,205, 210 racial discrimination (see also racism) 196-197 racial/racialised hierarchy (see also social hierarchy) 45, 54, 56, 58, 74, 76,106,139, 190,192,195-196, 205 racialisation 30, 45, 48, 55, 57-58, 61, 65-66, 74-76,106,118,128,139,140,188, 190,192,195-196,198,210, 211 racism 42, 73, 110,164,174,181,186,192, 194,196,199 - internalised racism 56, 75 - excaping racism 184 racial segregation (see also segregation) 48, 63, 76, 98 relocation (see also resettlement) 13, 35, 47, 68, 81-83, 85-86, 90,100,114,116 resettlement 90,181 resistence 72-73, 80, 93, 97, 114, 116, 118, 133,172, 188,194,198, 212 residential structure 87, 95, 114 ‘Romani butji’ 168 Romani language 12, 14-16,18-19, 27, 39, 40, 50, 61, 63, 69,120-156,172-174,189, 198,200-201,208 Romani studies 16-19, 24 Romani settlement (see ako Gypsy settle ment) 12, 14, 17, 20-21, 32, 34-35, 39, 42, 44, 50, 54, 67, 69, 78-79, 81-83, 90, 94-96, 101,112,114,116-118, 150,182, 201 Romanian Roma 18, 149, 151,156, 208-209 Rusyn language 14-15,19, 39, 40, 69, 229 70, 75, 83, 97, 99, 104, 109,110, 111-115, 118,123,136,146,154,169,177,183,195, 199 stranger 193 subversion 41, 156, 169, 173-174,188-189, 194,198-199 superiority 29, 42, 61, 67-68, 73-74, 104, 160,183,196,198, 205 Svidník 79-80, 87, 89, 95, 112, 114, 133, 140,151, 159, 162-163,167-168,171, 175-176, 180, 184-185 symbolic violence 75 Šotola, Jaroslav 15, 17, 23, 24, 29, 48 120-121,124-128, 130-140, 142,144-146, 149-156,170,172-173, 201, 208 Rusyn Roma 28, 39, 43, 120, 132,137 Rusyns 13-14, 26, 28, 31, 121,127-128, 145 S Sadílková, Helena 17, 22, 46, 49, 76, 81, 89, 116-117,122-123,125,159,191,193 Scheffel, David 12, 17, 37, 38, 48, 59, 76, 81, 93, 116,118,154, 193 Second World War 13-14, 36, 38, 45, 49, 62, 78, 80-82, 84, 91,158,161,178 segregation (see also racial segregation) 12-13,15, 21, 42, 46-48, 50, 56, 63-64, 76, 81-83, 86, 90, 98,114,118,127,149, 150,210 selfexclusion 60,117 Simmel, Georg 193 skin colour 30-31, 42, 45, 57-58, 63, 75, 196, 206 Sloboda, Marián 123,128, 137, 139 Slovak language 14-15,19, 27, 39, 69, 120-121,124-146,149,152-154,158-159 Slovaks 13-14,19, 26, 28, 31, 37-38, 59, 74, 185,192 smithery (see blacksmithery) sociability 11, 194, 198-199 social hierarchy 15, 30, 33, 38, 45, 54-56, 58, 74, 76, 106,121, 128-129, 131, 133, 136,139,142, 154,178, 182, 190,192, 195, 196,205 social mobility (see mobility - social) socialism 27, 31, 33, 46, 49, 57, 80, 98-99, 113,123,127, 129,159, 162,168,180, 210-211 socialist policies (see also state policies) 79, 89, 95, 98, 159 socialist worker 159 Sokolová, Vera 27,107,181, 203, 210-211 spatial mobility (see mobility - spatial) state policies 33, 35, 41, 47, 79, 82-83, 85, 86, 89, 91, 93, 95, 98-99,105,117, 122-123,128-129,138-139,159,167,191, 193, 203, 210 Stewart, Michael 16, 23-24, 26, 31, 35, 68, 75, 116,168 Stewart, Kathleen 156 stigma/stigmatisation (see also territorial stigmatisation) 16, 21, 31-32, 57, 64, 67, T temporality 29, 34, 77, 210 territorial hegemony 83, 90, 99, 117, 213, 214 territorial stigmatisation 83, 97, 99,109, 112-114, 118, 169,183 territorialisation 77, 81-83, 88-89, 91, 93, 99, 101-102, 104, 113,116-118, 210 Theodosiou, Aspasia 26, 35-40, 54,116, 118,132,149-150,156,191,193, 202-203 U unemployment (see also employment) 47, 55, 127, 157, 164, 165-167,169,170, 175, 188 United Kingdom (see England) urbanisation 82, 191 usury 176 V Vaňko, Juraj 95 W Wacquant, Loïc 75, 83, 99, ИЗ, 118 ‘welfare scroungers’ 188 whiteness 15, 30, 32, 41-42, 54, 57-59, 61, 75,196 Wimmer, Andreas 25, 193 work ethic 158, 160, 163-165, 168-170, 173, 175, 188 Z Zväz Cigánov-Rómov (Gypsy-Roma Union) 49, 86, 90,122 Závodská, Milada 122 230
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indexdate	2024-07-10T09:34:08Z
institution	BVB
isbn	9788024650685
language	English Czech
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033663792
oclc_num	1334021217
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-12
owner_facet	DE-12
physical	230 Seiten Karten 21 cm
psigel	BSB_NED_20220704
publishDate	2022
publishDateSearch	2022
publishDateSort	2022
publisher	Charles University, Karolinum Press
record_format	marc
spelling	Ort, Jan Verfasser aut Facets of a harmony the Roma and their locatedness in eastern Slovakia Jan Ort First edition Prague Charles University, Karolinum Press 2022 230 Seiten Karten 21 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverzeichnis Seite 215-224 Překladatel u copyrightu: Philip Jones Text englisch. Aus dem Tschechischen übersetzt Geschichte 1945-2022 gnd rswk-swf Roma Volk (DE-588)4050473-6 gnd rswk-swf Ostslowakisches Gebiet (DE-588)4192726-6 gnd rswk-swf Ostslowakisches Gebiet (DE-588)4192726-6 g Roma Volk (DE-588)4050473-6 s Geschichte 1945-2022 z DE-604 Jones, Philip trl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-80-246-5127-9 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-80-246-5205-4 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, MOBI 978-80-246-5206-1 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033663792&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033663792&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033663792&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register
spellingShingle	Ort, Jan Facets of a harmony the Roma and their locatedness in eastern Slovakia Roma Volk (DE-588)4050473-6 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4050473-6 (DE-588)4192726-6
title	Facets of a harmony the Roma and their locatedness in eastern Slovakia
title_auth	Facets of a harmony the Roma and their locatedness in eastern Slovakia
title_exact_search	Facets of a harmony the Roma and their locatedness in eastern Slovakia
title_exact_search_txtP	Facets of a harmony the Roma and their locatedness in eastern Slovakia
title_full	Facets of a harmony the Roma and their locatedness in eastern Slovakia Jan Ort
title_fullStr	Facets of a harmony the Roma and their locatedness in eastern Slovakia Jan Ort
title_full_unstemmed	Facets of a harmony the Roma and their locatedness in eastern Slovakia Jan Ort
title_short	Facets of a harmony
title_sort	facets of a harmony the roma and their locatedness in eastern slovakia
title_sub	the Roma and their locatedness in eastern Slovakia
topic	Roma Volk (DE-588)4050473-6 gnd
topic_facet	Roma Volk Ostslowakisches Gebiet
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033663792&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033663792&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033663792&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT ortjan facetsofaharmonytheromaandtheirlocatednessineasternslovakia AT jonesphilip facetsofaharmonytheromaandtheirlocatednessineasternslovakia

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