Global Easts: remembering, imagining, mobilizing
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Columbia University Press
[2022]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Asia perspectives: history, society, and culture
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| Beschreibung: | x, 328 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9780231206761 9780231206778 |
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| adam_text | Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction: Between Two Global Easts 1 Part I. Remembering 1 Victimhood Nationalism: National Mourning and Global Accountability 25 2 The Second World War in Global Memory Space 59 3 Postcolonial Reflections on the Mnemonic Confluence of the Holocaust, Stalinist Crimes, and Colonialism 92 Part II. Imagining 4 A Postcolonial Reading of Sonderwege: Marxist Historicism Revisited 129 5 Imagining Easts: Cofiguration of Orient and Occident in the Global Chain of National Histories 151 б World History as a Nationalist Rationale: How the National Appropriated the Transnational in East Asian Historiography 179
viii CONTENTS 7 Nationalist Phenomenology in East Asian History Textbooks: On the Antagonistic Complicity of Nationalisms 205 8 Nationalist Messages in Socialist Code: On the Party Historiography in People’s Poland and North Korea 226 Part III. Mobilizing 9 Mapping Mass Dictatorship: Toward a Transnational History of Twentieth-Century Dictatorship 251 10 Nationalizing the Bolshevik Revolution Transnationally: In Search of Non-Western Modernization Among “Proletarian” Nations 275 Epilogue: Blurring Dichotomy of Global Easts and Wests in the Age of Neopopulism 300 Index 309
Index Aborigines, transnational memory and, 60-61. See also Cooper, William absolutization, political, 117. See also instrumentalization; relativization Abu-Lughod, Janet, 199 accomplices: anticolonial nationalism as, 116; complicity and, 65-67, 79-81; of dictatorship, 13,251 Adenauer, Konrad, 47,132 African Americans: anti-Semitism compared to racism and, 101; on Genocide Convention, 84; Japanese solidarity with, 102; postcolonialism and Jewish connection with, 101-3; slavery and, 59,93,116; South African apartheid activism of, 103. See also Du Bois, W. E. B. Agamben, Giorgio, 94,304 agency: mass dictatorship and everyday life, 265-69; postcolonial criticism and, 81-82; reflexive self and, 268; self-energizing, 267 Allied bombings: compared to Nazi bombing of Guernica, 48,72-73; of Dresden, 49,74; German victims of, 72-74; Wieluń and, 72-73 Althusser, Louis, 260 American path, Prussian path compared to, 135,144-45 anachronism, in history textbooks, 222, 243-44 Anatomy ofNazism, The, 36 Anderson, Benedict, 63 anticolonialism. See postcolonialism anti-communist propaganda, 4; and Żydokomuna, 38, 98 Anti-Defamation League (ADL), 36 antinuclear pacifism, 45,107-8 antiquarian history, 215 anti-Semitism, 12; anti-communism and, 38; COVID-19 pandemic conspiracy theories and, 305; Jedwabne massacre and, 27,38-41; Kolbe and, 109-10; nationalization of memory and, 66; in Poland, 38-39, 66-67, 234-37; racism compared to, 101; victimhood nationalism and, 38. See also Holocaust
310 INDEX anti-Western modernization, 143-44, 263,279-85,294-95 appropriation: of Holocaust, Zionist, 83; nationalist, 26, 75,94,108,115-16; of socialism by Young Turks, 282-83 Arendt, Hannah, 26,42, 256 Armenian Americans: Korean comfort women statue supported by, 110-12; NCRR collaboration with, 112. See also Glendale Armenian genocide, 110-11,126n97 art history: ofJapan, 155-56; of Korea, 167-68 AsahiJournal, 62 Asahi shimbun, 109 Asiacentric world history, 181,189,199 Asia-Pacific War, 43,45. See also Fifteen Years’ War; Great East Asia War; Pacific War atomic bomb: Hiroshima and, 45, 74-75, 104-8; Japan as victim of, 43-44, 69-71; Nagasaki and, 104-5,108-9 Auschwitz-Birkenau: Frankfurt Trial, 37, 76; Hiroshima historical comparisons to, 74-75,104-8; Japanese visitors to, 103-4; Nagasaki connection to, 108-9. See also Holocaust Austrians, as victims, 46-47 autochthonism, history textbooks and, 219-22,241-43. See also Imna Commandery; “Regained Land” Axis powers, as self-proclaimed victims, 68-69 Barère, Bertrand, 302 Bauman, Zygmunt, 15,81,100,116, 255-56,268 Begin, Menachem, 38 Belgium, 65 Ben Gurion, David, 35,38 Berger, Stefan, 10 bio-power, 261 Bishop, Isabella Bird, 159 Blackburn, David, 18,133 Black Germans, Nazism and, 103 Bloch, Marc, 179 Blonski, Jan, 40-41, 99 Bolshevism, 19; Asian nationalists and, 280-82; class struggle and, 278-79; global impact of, 276; Marxist voluntarism and, 284-86; militarization of labor in, 283-84; national socialism origins and, 282-83; Nazism as response to, 117 Bonn, Hans, 74 borders of nation-state, history books on, 213 Bose,
Subhas Chandra, 290-91 bourgeois nations versus proletarian nations, 287-94 Brexit, 306 BriefHistory ofJapan, A, 154,182 Browning, Christopher, 80 Brown Orientalism, 73 Bücher, Karl, 159 Buddhism, North Korean criticism of, 242-43 Burnham, Linden F. S., 275-76 California school, 200 Canaan Commonwealth, 35 capitalist development: comprador, 140-41; Eurocapitalism compared to world capitalism, 145-46; in India, 137; Japan and, 294-95; Kõza-ha faction and, 192; Marxist historicism on Eurocapitalism and, 133-35; Marxist historicism on Korea’s, 5-8, 135,138,142; passive revolution of, 135-36; Rono-ha faction and, 192; in Russia, 141. See also Eurocapitalism; Prussian path capitalo-centrism, 8,138-39 Carson, Ben, 96 Carterjimmy, 3-4 Césaire, Aimé, 100-101
INDEX Chakrabarty, Dipesh, 6,132,152 Chang, Iris, 34, 71,77 chauvinism, welfare, 303. See also dictatorship, welfare Chechen refugees, in Poland, 99 Chetnik, 103,115 China: COVID-19 pandemic conspiracy theories and, 305; East Asian history books in, 194-98; Goguryeo sovereignty in historical textbooks of, 220-22; Great Leap Forward in, 284-85; Korea Orientalizing, 164-65; Maoism in, 77,136,262, 284-85; nationalism and history textbooks in, 210; pan-Asianism and, 184-85; Sino-Japanese War and, 158,163,183; Taiping Rebellion and, 136-37; totalitarian surveillance in, 306 Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), 195 Chinese-Japanese Joint History Research Committee, 196-97 Choi, Sook Nyul, 33-34 Chosön, 54nl6 Chosõn Joongang ilbo, 289 Churchill, Winston, 46-47 class struggle: Bolshevism and, 278-79; Communist International on collaboration in, 291-92; fascism and, 289-90; Marxism and, 278; Stalinism and, 231 coercion, mass dictatorship and, 264, 266,301 cofiguration, 18,132,151,154,156, 163-64,170,173,179-81,184,192,199, 255. See also “East”; “West” Cold War, 2; demonology, 11-15, 74, 253; resettlement and expulsion in, 73-74; thaw of, 92-93 collaboration/complicity, 41,48,62,72, 79,81,92; genocidal, postcolonial criticism and, 80-81; German POWs and Soviet collaboration, 65-67 311 collective guilt, 26-27,32,52,99; postcolonial criticism and, 79-80 collective innocence, 26 collective memory: antinuclear pacifism and, 45; of fascism, 50-51; global memory culture and, 26; global memory space and, 15-17; of Holocaust, 37-38; in postcommunist Poland, 99; sacralization of, 78; as
untransferable, 28 collective subjectivity, socialism and, 275-79 colonial amnesia, in Japan, 63 colonial genocide, in Namibia, 79-80,256 colonial guilt, postcolonial criticism and, 79-80 colonialism: of England in India, 137,139, 143; Holocaust compared to, 94-95; of Japan in Korea, 33-34,63,142-43, 159-60,193-94; Lenin on decolonization, 279; mass dictatorship and, 14; modernist view of nation-state in, 214; modernization and, 136-40; Nazism and, 100,256; Polish history and, 97-98; Polish internal, 98-99; Sonderweg thesis and, 139-44; subaltern empire and, 98,139; Yi Sun-tak on, 287-88 colonial modernity: Eurocapitalism and, 138-39; “history from below” and, 139; in Korea, 138; Marxist historicism and, 132-33,136-39 comfort women, Korean, 68; Armenian Americans supporting statue of, 110-12; global awareness of, 112-13; Holocaust survivors and, 110; Japanese Americans protesting statue of, 111-12; transnational memory and, 59-60; Women’s International War Crimes Tribunal on Japan’s Military Sexual Slavery and, 113 “coming to terms with the past,” 18,27, 41, 79, 251-52, 268
312 INDEX Comintern (Communist International), 130, 230, 233, 279-80, 291-92 Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, 112 communism: national, 188, 226-29, 238, 244-45; North Korean nationalism and, 228,238; in Poland, 11; Żydokomuna and anti-communism, 38, 98 comparative history, 6,145,179, 270nl3 complicity: of antagonistic nationalisms, 15,18, 29, 38, 45, 50-51,159,198, 205-8,222; genocidal, postcolonial criticism and, 80-81; German POWs and Soviet collaboration, 65-67 comprador capitalism, 140-41 comrade abuse trials, in Germany, 65-66 Confino, Alon, 95 Conrad, Sebastian, 199 consent: dictatorship of, 81,303; mass dictatorship and, 266,303 consequential Eurocentrism, 6,138,142, 180,184,193,199 constructivism, revisionist history textbooks and, 206-7 Cooper, William, 60-61, 84 Corradini, Enrico, 292 cosmopolitanism, 66,232-34 cosmopolitanization of Holocaust, 84, 93-96,115-16 cosmopolitan memory, HiroshimaAuschwitz Peace March and, 106-8 COVID-19 pandemic, 304-6 “crimes against humanity,” 66, 73, 76,83, 94,113. See also colonial genocide, in Namibia; comfort women, Korean; Holocaust Critical Global Studies Institute (CGSl), 16-17 critical memory: of dictatorship, 81-82; global emergence of, 77; testimonies in, 77-78 critical relativization, postcolonialism and, 21,38, 93,114-18 Croce, Benedetto, 50-51 cultural populism, 302-3 Czech Republic, 49-50 Czubiński, Antoni, 231 Dahrendorf, Ralf, 129 Daniszewski, Tadeusz, 232 Das Kapital (Marx), 5,6,134 decisionist democracy, mass dictatorship and, 2-3,303 decontextualization: of history, 71-73; in victimhood
nationalism, 29, 32-33, 50-51. See also overcontextualization decosmopolitanization of German identity, 120Ո18 democracy: antithesis of, 2-3; dictatorship and, 2-3,254-55; domination and, 258-59; mass, 258, 263-66; mass dictatorship and, 257-61,303-4; totalitarian, 257-58 demonology, Cold War, 11-15,74, 253 denationalization of memory, genocidal complicity and, 81. See also deterritorialization of memory denialism, 16,34, 61, 206 dependency (theory), 137,139-41,144, 194, 238,243-44, 263; on Japanese colonialism in Korea, 193-94,289 Der Bund der Vertriebenen (BdV), 49, 75 Der Untergang, 47-48 despotism, mass dictatorship and, 253, 269n6 deterritorialization of memory, 16, 84, 115 developmental dictatorship, in Korea, 1-5, 252 diaspora communities, victimhood nationalism and, 54n20 dictatorship: accomplices of, 13, 251; antithesis of, 2-3; conceptual history
INDEX of, 2; of consent, 81,303; critical memory of, 81-82; democracy and, 2-3, 254-55; developmental, 1-5,252; modern, 270n8; in state of emergency, 2; transnational memory and, 252; welfare, 81, 270n8,303. See also specific types Discours sur le colonialisme (Césaire), 100-101 Dobb, Maurice, 6,134 domination, mass dictatorship, democracy and, 258-59 Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 9 Dower, John, 44 Drang nach Manchuria, 164,212,242 Drang nach Westen, 170-71, 220, 230, 241 Dresden, Allied bombing of, 49,74 Dreyfus Affair, 66 Droysen, Johann Gustav, 162 Du Bois, W. E. B., 84,101-2 Duke, David, 61, 245,305. See also Ku Klux Klan Dziennik Polski, 106 “East”: Global Easts arising from displacement of, 4,6,10-12; as imaginative geography, 9,173-74, 254-55; Orientalism and, 131-32; Poland as “West” and, 8-10 East Asia, 9,11,15,18, 27,160,199; memory and, 30-32,38,45, 68, 79,95, 111-12; national history and, 180-81, 184-85,189-90, 207; in Sonderweg thesis, 6,18,130-32,137,139-44 East Asian History Forum for Criticism and Solidarity, 15 East Asian history textbooks, 194-98, 206-8, 212-15, 222 Eastern Europe, 9-11,21Ո19; memory and, 27, 42, 49, 66, 76, 79, 82-83,92, 95-96,102,115-16,118; in Sonderweg thesis, 10,18,130-32,141 313 Eco, Umberto, 269 Eichmann trial, 37,42-43, 77-78 Eley, Geoff, 18,133 Elias, Norbert, 131,270n9 Emancipatory, 143. See also technological modernity Endõ Shūsaku, 109 Engels, Friedrich, 130,136-37,139-40 England: Brexit and, 306; India and colonialism of, 137,139,143 entangled history, 16-18,109,145,196, 207 entangled memory, 16-18,26,32,61, 92-93 Estonia, 82 ethno-
nationalism, in Poland, 227-28, 231, 234-37, 245, 247Ո34 Eurocapitalism: colonial modernity and, 138-39; Marxist historicism and, 133-35,152,192; world capitalism compared to, 145-46 Eurocentrism: capitalo-centrism and, 8, 138-39; consequential, 199; diffusionism and, 146,153,162,171, 184,199; historicism and, 5-8,10,18, 132-38,144-45,152-54,157,164,168, 179,182,193; Holocaust and, 100; Marxism and, 6-7; mass dictatorship and, 254; national history and, 152-54; Prussian path and, 133; red Orientalism and, 7-8,169; Sonderweg thesis and, 131-32; tunnel history and, 151-52; world history and, 181, 199 Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia, 170-71 everyday fascism, 81, 252 exculpatory memory: sacralization of memory and, 78-79; of victimhood nationalism, 52-53,71; of victimizers in Holocaust, 42-43; war against, 77 expulsion: in Cold War, 73-74; hikiage and, 16, 30-34, 41, 45, 70-71; Vertreibung, 16,30,73
314 INDEX fascism: class struggle and, 289-90; collective memory of, 50-51; COVID-19 pandemic and, 304; developmental strategy of, 263; everyday, 81,252; hegemony and, 259-60; India and, 290-91; in Italy, 50-51, 259-60, 288-90,292-93; in Japan, 142,161; Korea and Italy, 289-90,293; Korean developmental dictatorship and, 252; in Poland, 229; as premodern, 131-32, 254; Soviet Union and, 293-94; in Spain, 292; Yi Sun-tak on, 288-89. See also mass dictatorship; Nazism feminism, mass dictatorship and, 264-65 Fenollosa, Ernest, 156 feudalism, Japanese, 160-61 Fifteen Years’ War, 46, 77 Fischer, Fritz, 76 “follow and catch-up,” Marxism and, 7, 144,168,193 forced labor: Japanese empire, 16,45, 111, 205; Third Reich, 16,49, 75 forced modernization, Soviet Union and, 278-79 gender: nationalization of memory and discrimination of, 68; victimhood nationalism and, 25 General Security of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA), 111 Gentile, Emilio, 264 geo-body, nation-state as, 212-13 German Orientalism, 161-63,171. See also Ostforschung Germany: Allied bombing victims in, 72-74; Austrians as victims in, 46-47; Black Germans and Nazism in, 103; colonial genocide in Namibia and, 79-80,256; comrade abuse trials in, 65-66; decosmopolitanization of German identity, 120nl8; “Documents of Expulsion” and, 49; HiroshimaAuschwitz Peace March and, 74-75, 106-8; “Hitler’s first victims” and, 46-47; “Hitler’s last victims” and, 47-48; nationalization of memory of Holocaust in, 65-68; Ostforschung in, 9, 131,161-63,171, 220; POWs from, in Soviet Union, 65-67,73; Prussians and Forverts, 101-2 Nazism
in, 47; refugees from, in Foucault, Michel, 261, 265 Poland and Czech Republic, 49-50; France: genocidal complicity and, 81; nationalization of memory of reparation plan for Jews in, 65; Holocaust in, 64-65 Francoism, 269n6 Frank, Andre G., 199 Frank, Anne, 75,108 Frankfurt Auschwitz trials, 37 Frankowski, Jan, 74 Free Indian Centre, 290 Friedrich, Jörg, 48,72-73 Fujiwara Tei, 30 Fukuta Tokujo, 159 Fukuzawa Yukichi, 182 Furet, François, 270nl3 Garvey, Marcus, 102 Gellner, Ernest, 209 Vertreibung expulsion and, 16,30, 73; victimhood nationalism in, 46-49, 75; Wilhelm Gustlofftragedy and, 48. See also Nazism; Sonderweg thesis Gills, Barry K., 199 Gilroy, Paul, 103 Glemp, Józef, 41 Glendale, 110-12 Global Easts: anti-Western modernization and, 294-95; de configuration and, 173-74; “East” and “West” displacement leading to, 10-11; modernity and, 179-80; national history and, 153-54; problem space of, 11 global history. See world history
INDEX globalization: national history and, 179; transnational memory and, 16-17 global memory culture: collective memory shaped by, 26; decontextualizing history and, 71-73; denial discourses and, 61; victimhood nationalism and, 25-29 global memory formation: Cold War thaw and, 92-93; cosmopolitanization of Holocaust and, 93-96,116; nationalization of memory and, 96-97; postcolonialism and, 116; vulgarization and, 95-96 global memory space: collective memory shaped in, 15-17; Holocaust and, 60-61,80-81,94-95,105; Korean victimhood nationalism in, 114; victim recognition battles in, 25-26 Gluck, Carol, 62,113 Goguryeo, historical sovereignty, 220-22 Goldhagen, Daniel, 76 Gomulka, Władysław, 4,66,231-32, 236 Goodrich, Samuel G., 182 Grabowski, Jan, 117 Gramsci, Antonio, 20n8,259-60 Grass, Günther, 48-49, 72 Great East Asia Co-Prosperity Zone, 44, 185 Great East Asia War, terminology of, 44-45 Great Leap Forward, China, 284-85 Gross, Jan, 15, 39, 41-42, 76, 90n66, 97 Guattari, Felix, 269 Guernica bombing, 48, 72-73 Guesde, Jules, 66 Guyana, 275-78 Hadler, Frank, 21nl9 Halecki, Oskar, 170 Haraguchi Kikuya, 69-70 Harap, Louis, 102 Harris, Nigel, 137 Havel, Vaclav, 251 34 Heimbach, Matthew, 244-45 Helphand, Alexander (alias Parvus), 282-83 hereditary victimhood, 15,26; Holocaust and, 37-42; nationalist essentialism and, 216; So Far from the Bamboo Grove and, 30-34 Herero-Nama wars, 79-80, 256 heroism: Holocaust and, 35-37; resistance and, 251 hikiage-monogatari literature, in Japan, 30-34,41 hikiage repatriation, 16,30-34,41,45, 70-71 Hilberg, Raul, 77, 268 Hilsenrath, Edgar, 84
Hirano Yumie, 74-75,104 Hiroshima: antinuclear pacifism and, 45, 107-8; atom bomb survivor stories in, 104; Auschwitz-Birkenau historical comparisons to, 74-75,104-8 Hiroshima-Auschwitz Peace March, 74-75,106-8 Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, 45-46, 104 Hirschbiegel, Oliver, 47-48 Histoire de l’art du Japon, 155 historical responsibility, as answerability to the perished, 51-53 historicism. See Marxist historicism Historikerstreit: complicity/collaboration and, 79; global, 75-82; in Korea, 82; on mass dictatorship, 81-82; multidirectional memory and, 85; in Poland, 15,76,99; sacralization of memory and, 78-79; shame and, 81; transnational memory and, 76 “history from below”: colonial modernity and, 139; in history textbooks, 215; Korean national history and, 191-92 history of everyday life, 215; in history textbooks, 214-15
316 INDEX history of martyrdom, mass dictatorship and, 251-53 history textbooks: anachronism in, 222, 243-44; autochthonism and, 219-22, 241-43; East Asia conflicts over, 15; East Asian, 194-98; everyday history in, 214-15; Goguryeo polemics in, 220-22; “history from below” in, 215; in Korea compared to Japan, 206; modernist view of nation in, 214; modernity of nation-state in, 211; Mongol invasion of Korea in, 215; national culture in, 218-19; nationalism and, 207-11; nationalist essentialism in, 213-16; nation-state as geo-body in, 212-13; nation-state borders in, 213; originism in, 216-19, 241; primordialist view of nation in, 213-16,241-43; regime-dominated narrative in, 222-23; revisionist, in Japan, 205-7; revisionist, in Korea, 207-8; societal conflict in, 213-14; unpredictable past in, 222-23; victimhood nationalism and, 216; “we-the nation” in Korean, 209-11; on world history, in Japan, 182-83, 190-91, 200-201; on world history, in Korea, 183-84,190, 200 History to Open the Future, A (HOF), 194-96 Hobsbawm, Eric, 281 Hochfeld, Julian, 232 Holocaust: Austrians as victims in, 46-47; collective memory of, 37-38; colonialism compared to, 94-95; cosmopolitanization of, 84,93-96, 115-16; denial, 61, 96-97; Eurocentrism and, 100; exculpatory memory of victimizers in, 42-43; global memory space and, 60-61, 80-81, 94-95,105; hereditary victimhood and, 37-42; heroism and, 35-37; “Hitler’s first victims” and, 46-47; “Hitler’s last victims” and, 47-48; indigenization, 117; Japan as atom bomb victims compared to Jews in, 69-71; Korean comfort women and survivors of, 110; as
memory template, 94-95; multidirectional memory and, 84-85; nationalist appropriation of, 26, 75,94,108, 115-16; nationalization of memory and, 64-68; Polish postcolonial views on, 99-101; Polish victimhood nationalism and, 93-94; postcolonial criticism on, 79-80,99-101, 256; Prague Declaration on, 82-83; reparation plan for Jews following, 65; Stockholm Declaration on, 75-76; in transnational memory, 18, 60-62; uniqueness of, 80,83,94; victimhood nationalism and, 33,37-41; vulgarization of, 95-96; Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and, 40; Wilhelm Gustlofftragedy and, 48; Zionist appropriation of, 83. See also Auschwitz-Birkenau Holocaust Remembrance Day, in Israel, 37 Homo Sacer (Agamben), 94 homosexuality, Nazism criminalizing, 68 Honda Katsuichi, 77 human rights: Carter’s diplomacy of, 3-4; Pacific War violations of, 45 Ilseontongjoron (Japanese-Korean blood lineage thesis), 185-89 imaginative geography, “East” and “West” as, 9,173-74, 254-55 Im Krebsgang (Grass), 48-49,72 Imna Commandery, 186-87,198,219-20, 242 India: capitalist development in, 137; English colonialism in, 137,139,143; fascism and, 290-91; Indian Legion, 290; Marxism in Korea compared to, 6-7; socialism in, 291 Indonesia, 63-64
INDEX Inoue Mitsusada, 188 instrumentalization, 7, 95,108-9 Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (IPN), 39 internal coercion, ЗОЇ internal colonialism, Poland and, 98-99 International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), 113 International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), 113 internationalism, 228-29, 233-36,238 International Woman’s Day, 59 Iran, Holocaust denial and, 61 Irredentism, 12,98 Israel: hereditary victimhood and, 37-42; Holocaust heroism and, 35-37; Holocaust Remembrance Day in, 37; Holocaust vulgarization in, 95; Six-Day War and, 37; Zionism and, 83, 234-37, 247Ո34 Italy: fascist economy in, 288-89; fascist hegemony in, 259-60; Korea and fascism in, 289-90,293; modernity and fascism in, 292-93; as proletarian nation, 292-93; victimhood nationalism in post-Fascist, 50-51 Itõ Hirobumi, 155 Iwakura Domomi, 155 Jablonski, Henryk, 232-33 Jacobins, French, 257, 270Ո13, 302 James, C. L. R., 102 Japan: African American solidarity with, 102; antinuclear pacifism and, 45, 107-8; art history of, 155-56; as atom bomb victim, 43-44,69-71; Auschwitz-Birkenau tours, 103-4; capitalist development and, 294-95; colonial amnesia in, 63; colonialism of, in Korea, 33-34,63,142-43,159-60, 193-94; East Asian history books in, 194-98; fascism in, 142,161; feudalism in, 160-61; Fifteen Years’ War and, 77; Anne Frank in, 75,108; hikiage and, 16, 317 30-34,41,45,70-71; hikiage-monogatari literature in, 30-34,41; Hiroshima, 45, 74-75,104-8; Hiroshima-Auschwitz Peace March and, 74-75,106-8; Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park in, 45-46; history textbooks in Korea compared to, 206;
Holocaust compared to atom bomb victimhood in, 69-71; Ilseontongjoron and, 185-89; Korean-Japanese War, 1592-1598,215; Kõza-ha and, 192; Manchukuo legacies of colonial guilt in, 79; Marxism in, Sonderweg thesis origins and, 129-30,161; Marxist historicism in, 192-94; Meiji Ishin in, 160-61,181-82; Moral Suasion Mobilization Campaign in, 260; Nagasaki, 104-5,108-9; national history of, 154-62; nationalism and history textbooks in, 209-11; nationalization of memory in, 62-64; nation-state as geo-body in history textbooks of, 212-13; North Korea refuting history of, 242; originism in history textbooks of, 217; Pacific War terminology and, 44-45; panAsianism and, 165,184-85; “postcolonial melancholia” in, 306; POWs from, in Soviet Union, 70-71; red Orientalism and, 161; revisionist history textbooks in, 205-7; Rono-ha and, 192; Russo-Japanese War and, 158,163,183; Sino-Japanese War and, 158,163,183; toyoshi and national history of, 158-59,182-83; victimhood nationalism in, 43-46, 75,105; world history textbooks in, 182-83,190-91, 200-201 Japanese-Korean Joint History Research Committee, 196-98 Japanese Orientalism, 158-62 Jedwabne massacre, 27,38-41, 76 Jewish Life, 102
318 INDEX Jews: anti-Semitism compared to racism and, 101; Australian Aborigines supporting, 60-61; COVID-19 pandemic conspiracy theories and, 305; German reparation plan and, 65; hereditary victimhood and, 37-42; Holocaust, heroism and, 35-37; Japanese atomic bomb victims compared to Holocaust and, 69-71; Jedwabne massacre and, 27,38-41; Korean historical parallelism with, 34-35; nationalization of memory of Holocaust and, 64-68; Polish ethno-nationalism and, 234-37, 247Ո34; postcolonialism and African Americans connecting with, 101-3; South African apartheid activism of, 103; Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and, 40. See also anti-Semitism; Holocaust; Zionism Juche, in North Korea, 66, 240, 243-44, 278 Judeo-communism (Żydokomuna), 38,98 Jun Hye Yeon Monica, 111 justificatory memory, victimhood nationalism and, 71 Kaczyński, Jarosław, 117 Katyń, 74,82,106,230 Kautsky, Karl, 283-84 Keizo Imperial University, Korea, 188-89 Kershaw, Ian, 256 Kibbutz, 35 Kim Il-song, 4, 66, 228, 237-39, 244, 280, 284-86 Kimjöng-il, 296n2 Kim Jong-un, 245 Kim Kyu-sik, 280 Kim Seok-hyung, 188 Klein, Naomi, 306 Kloczowski, Jerzy, 170 Kochański, Aleksander, 235 Kocka, Jürgen, 129,145, 270ո8 Kołakowski, Leszek, 76 Kolbe, Maksymilian (Saint), 108-10 kominka (ՏՏքե, imperial nationalization), 187,260 кбпкооксһа (tea of state-building), 35 Korea: art history of, 167-68; Civil War in, 237, 285; colonial modernity in, 138; Communist International and, 279-80; condensed modernization in, 4-5; COVID-19 pandemic and, 304; dependency theory on Japanese colonialism in, 193-94; developmental dictatorship in, 1-5,252;
East Asian history books in, 194-98; Goguryeo sovereignty in historical textbooks of, 220-22; hikiage repatriation and, 16,30-34,41,45,70-71; Historikerstreit on mass dictatorship in, 82; “history from below” and national history in, 191-92; history textbooks in Japan compared to, 206; Ilseontongjoron and, 185-89; Italian fascism and, 289-90, 293; Japanese colonialism in, 33-34, 63,142-43,159-60; Jews and historical parallelism with, 34-35; Keizo Imperial University in, 188-89; March First Movement in, 187; Marxism in India compared to, 6-7; Marxist historicism in, 168-70,193; Marxist historicism on capitalist development in, 5-8,135,138,142; Mongol invasion of, 215; national history origins in, 163-72; nationalism and history textbooks in, 209-11; nation-state as geo-body in history textbooks of, 212-13; nation-state origins in, 165-66; originism in history textbooks of, 217-18; pan-Asianism and, 165, 184-85; Social Darwinism and, 165; So Far from the Bamboo Grove in, 30-34; Sonderweg thesis and, 141-43; victimhood nationalism of, in global memory space, 114; “we-the nation”
INDEX in history textbooks of, 209-11; world history textbooks in, 183-84,190,200. See also comfort women, Korean; North Korea Korean American Civic Empowerment (KACE), 59-60 Korean-Japanese War (1592-1598), 215 Korean Orientalism, 164-65 Koth, Michael, 245 Kõza-ha (Japanese Marxism), 6,129, 192-93, 204Ո41 KPP (Polish Communist Party), 229-34 Krygier, Martin, 61 319 Manning, Patrick, 199 Manteuffel, Tadeusz, 229 Mao Zedong, 257,262, 282, 284-85; Maoism and, 77,136 March First Movement, 187 Marchlewski, Julian, 235-36 Marinetti, Filippo, 293 Martov, Julius, 284 martyrdom, mass dictatorship and, 251-53 Marx, Karl, 5, 6,134,136-37,140,169, 286 Marxism: on capitalist development, 133-34; capitalo-centrism and, 8; KuKluxKlan(KKK), 61 class struggle and, 278; Eurocentrism Kula, Witold, 25,40,130 Kume Kunitake, 155,185-86 and, 6-7; “follow and catch-up” and, 7, Kundera, Milan, 170 Korea, 6-7; in Japan, Sonderweg thesis origins and, 129-30,161; Kurihara Sadako, 106 Kuroita Katsumi, 157,186 Kyunghyang, 54nl6 labor, militarization of, in Bolshevism, 283-84 144,168,193; in India compared to modernization and, 169,191,193; Polish, “really existing socialism” and, 12-13; Stalinism and, 283; Third World, 144. See also Sonderweg thesis Marxist historicism: on capitalist labor emancipation, 276-77,291 Laub, Dori, 78 LeBon, Gustave, 266 and, 132-33,136-39; Eurocapitalism Lee Ki-baek, 166,241 principle of, 168; in Japan, 192-94; in Lemkin, Raphael, 84,95 Lenin, Vladimir, 135,140-41,279-80 Korea, 168-70,193; on Korea’s Leninism, 232-33. See also Bolshevism Levy, Daniel, 96 Lewkovitz, Alain,
108 Liang Qichao, 184 Lipski, Jan Józef, 109-10 Ludden, David, 199 Lüdtke, Alf, 215,267 lustracja, 14,252 Luxemburg, Rosa, 11-12,137,141,172, 230 “Make America Great Again” (MAGA), 305 Mały Dziennik (Kolbe), 109-10 Manchukuo, 79,290 Mann, Michael, 257,302 development, 134; colonial modernity and, 133-35,152,192; guiding capitalist development, 5-8,135,138, 142; Marx and Engels shaping, 136-37; North Korea and, 237; passive revolution of capitalist development and, 135-36; Sonderweg thesis and, 133-39; Third World Marxism and, 144; universalism compared to particularism in, 6,142-43 Marxist voluntarism, 228,240,284-86 mass democracy, 258, 263-66 mass dictatorship, 3; agency in everyday life and, 265-69; alienating Others in, 260-61; bio-power and, 261; coercion and, 264, 266,301; colonialism and, 14; concept of, 13-14, 251; consent and,
320 INDEX mass dictatorship (continued) 266,303; democracy and, 257-61, 303-4; despotism and, 253,269n6; domination and, 258-59; “East” and “West” as imaginative geography and, 254-55; Eurocentrism and, 254; feminism and, 264-65; Historikerstreit on, 81-82; history of martyrdom and, 251-53; mobilizing and, 14-15,19; modernity and, 255; neopopulism and potential of, 300-303; Occidentalism and, 262-63; political religion and, 263-65; popular sovereignty and, 261-65; in postcolonial perspectives, 253-57; reflexive self and, 268; resistance and, 265-66; state racism and, 261; terror and, 264; traditionalism and, 255; transnational memory and, 19; as transnational social formation, 14; uniformity of, 258. See also fascism; Nazism; Stalinism masses, terminology of, 266 memory studies, 16-17 Michelet, Jules, 151-52 Michnik, Adam, 41,52, 226, 251 Michta, Norbert, 235-36 Mikołajczyk, Stanislaw, 66-67 militarization of labor, in Bolshevism, 283-84 Milosz, Czeslaw, 244 “Miracle” (kiseki, Endõ), 109 Mitchell, Timothy, 134 mnemonic nationalism, triple victimhood and, 114-18 mobilization: Kim Il-söng on mass, 285-86; Marxist voluntarism and, 284-86; mass dictatorship and, 14-15, 19; resistance, mass dictatorship and, 265-68; self-energizing, 267; self mobilization, 259-60,265-67, 284-86 modern dictatorship, 270n8 modernist view of nation, in history textbooks, 214 modernity: colonial, 132-33,136-39; emancipatory, 143; Global Easts and, mass games, socialism and, 277-78, 296n2 179-80; Italy fascism and, 292-93; mass McDonald, Gabrielle Kirk, 113 Meiji Ishin (Restoration/Regeneration),
160-61,181-82, 202Ո10 dictatorship and, 255; of nation-state Meir, Golda, 38 memory: critical, 77-78; decontextualizing history and, 71-73; in history textbooks, 211; overcoming/ overcome by, 199; socialism and, 144; technological, 143-44 modernization: anti-Western, 143-44, 263, 279-85,294-95; colonialism and, denationalization of, genocidal 136-40; Korean condensed, 4-5; complicity and, 81; Marxism and, 169,191,193; Prussian deterritorialization of, 16,84,115; entangled, 16-18, 26,32, 61,92-93; global memory culture shaping collective, 26; Holocaust as template of, 94-95; multidirectional, 84-85; politically correct, 76-77; sacralization of, 28,78-79. See also collective memory; global memory culture; global memory formation; global memory space; nationalization of memory; transnational memory path and, 132-33; Soviet Union and forced, 278-79 Moeller, Robert, 49 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 83,230 Mongol invasion, of Korea, 215 monumental history, 215 moral remembrance, 26 Moral Suasion Mobilization Campaign, Japan,260 Morrison, Scott, 306 Morris-Suzuki, Tessa, 211
INDEX Moscow Tripartite Conference (1943), 46 Mosse, George, 262 Mrożek, Sławomir, 151 multidirectional memory, 84-85 Museum of Occupations, Estonia, 82 Mussert, Anton, 64 Nagai Takashi, 69,104-5,108 Nagasaki: Auschwitz-Birkenau connection to, 108-9; Kolbe and, 108-9; survivor stories in, 104-5 Najarían, Ara, 110 Naka Michiyo, 158 Nakatani Takeshi, 103-4 Namibia, colonial genocide in, 79-80, 256 Nanjing massacre, 61,70-71, 77, 93,107, 205; Incident, 77. See also Chang, Iris; Honda Katsuichi National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 305 National Association for the Advancement of White People (NAAWP), 305 national communism, 188, 226-29,238, 244-45 National Democracy (Narodowa Demokracja), 226, 231 national history: Eurocentrism and, 152-54; Global Easts and, 153-54; globalization and, 179; “history from below” and Korean, 191-92; imaginative geography and, 173-74; ofJapan, 154-62; Korean origins of, 163-72; nation-state legitimized by, 151-52; in North Korea, 239-41; pan-Asianism as, 189; toyoshi and Japanese, 158-59,182-83; world history to, 180-84 nationalism: anticolonial, as accomplice, 116; appropriation and, 26,75,94,108, 115-16; Bolshevism and Asian, 280-82; after communism in Eastern Europe, 321 226-29; cosmopolitanization of Holocaust and, 115; COVID-19 pandemic and, 304-5; East Asian history books and, 194-98; ethno nationalism, in Poland, 227-28, 231, 234-37, 245, 247Ո34; hikikomori nationalism in Japan, 305-6; history textbooks and, 207-11; Ilseontongjoron and, 185-89; of Kim Il-söng, 66; nomenklatura apparatchik, 226-29, 245; North
Korean communism and, 228, 238; PZPR propaganda and, 234; PZPR using socialist jargon for, 228; regime-dominated narrative in history textbooks and, 222-23; Sukarno on, 63-64; as transnational phenomena, 179; triple victimhood and mnemonic, 114-18; world history and, 180. See also victimhood nationalism nationalist essentialism, 213-16 nationalist phenomenology, 15,18, 205-23 nationalization of memory: antiSemitism and, 66; discrimination of gender and, 68; global memory formation and, 96-97; Holocaust denial and, 96-97; of Holocaust in Belgium, 65; of Holocaust in France, 64-65; of Holocaust in Germany, 65-68; in Japan, 62-64; in Poland, 66-67 national language, 163-64 national liberation, 137,140-41, 244,287, 290 national socialism, 282-83 nation-state: borders of, history books on, 213; as geo-body, 212-13; Korean origins of, 165-66; modernist view of, 214; modernity of, 211; originism of, 216-19,241; primordialist view of, 213-16, 241-43
322 INDEX Nazism: alienating Others in, 260-61; Australian Aborigines denouncing, 60-61; Black Germans and, 103; Brown Orientalism and, 73; colonialism and, 100, 256; COVID-19 pandemic conspiracy theories and, 305; “Hitler’s first victims” and, 46-47; “Hitler’s last victims” and, 47-48; homosexuality criminalized by, 68; Jedwabne massacre and, 27, 38-41; North Korea and, 245; popular sovereignty and, 261; populism and, 302; Prussians and, 47; as response to Bolshevism, 117; South African apartheid and, 103; sovereign dictatorship and, 2; Stalinism compared to, 38, 82; state racism and, 261; “Strength Through Joy” campaign and, 72; Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy and, 48. See also Holocaust Nehru, Jawaharlal, 284 Neighbors (Gross), 15,41-42,76 neoliberalism, 303-4 neopopulism, 300-303 Netanyahu, Benjamin, 95 New History (Robinson), 190 New History ofKorea, A (Lee Ki-baek), 166, 241 New History Textbook, 205-6, 209-11, 216-19 New Negro movement, 102 Nikkei for Civil Rights Redress (NCRR), 112 Nishikawa Masao, 192 NL (National Liberation), 7 Noda Masaaki, 72,81 Nolte, Ernst, 38,116-17, 270Ո13 nomenklatura-apparatchik nationalism, 226-29,245 Non-Aligned Movement, 63 Northeast Asian History Foundation (NAHK), 208 North Korea: anachronism, 243-44; autochthonism, 241-43; Buddhism, 242-43; Civil War and, 237, 285; communism and nationalism in, 228, 238; de-Stalinization in, 239; Guyana performance by artists from, 275-76; Japanese history refuted by, 242; Juche in, 66, 240, 243-44,278; Marxist historicism and, 237; mass games and, 275-78,296n2; national history in, 239-41; Nazism and,
245; originism, 241; primordialist view of nation, 241-43; proletarian internationalism and, 238; “Ten-Year Plan of the Development of Science” in, 238; white supremacy and, 245 Nuremburg and Vietnam (Taylor, T.), 77 Nuremburg tribunal, 77 Occidentalism, 160-61,181, 200; mass dictatorship and, 262-63; Orientalism interplay with, 160-61; Polish, 170-71; toyoshi and, 159 October Revolution, 281 Oe Kenzaburo, 107 Okakura Tenshin, 156,218 Oriental history, 11,158-59,182-83,189 Orientalism: Brown, 73; constraints of, 156; demi-Orientalism, 153-63,172; “East”/“West” and, 131-32; German, 161-63,171; Japanese, 158-62; Japanese national history and, 156-57; Korean, 164-65; Occidentalism interplay with, 161; Ostforschung compared to Japanese, 161-62; Polish, 172; red, 7-8,142,161, 169; Russia and, 73; SCAP and, 70; self-Orientalism, 132,163,288; of “West” proximity, 153 originism, 216-19,241 Oshagan, Ara, 111 Ostforschung (Eastern/Polish studies), 9, 131,161-63,171, 220
INDEX Otsuka Hisao, 135,191-92 Otwock, 229 overcontextualization, in victimhood nationalism, 29,33, 50-51 oxymoron, 3, 228, 244-45, 292, 301, 303 Pacific War, 44-45,74,107,192 Paik Namwoon, 138,142 pan-Asianism, 165,184-85,189 Papon, Maurice, 81 Parents for an Accurate Asian History Education (PAAHE), 31-32 Park Chin-soon, 279-80 Park Chung-hee: Canaan Commonwealth visited by, 35; developmental dictatorship of, 1-5,252; memorial project for, 13-14; state of emergency declared by, 2 particularism: Sonderweg thesis and, 129-31,142-43,146n2; universalism compared to, 6,142-43 Parvus, Alexander (Alexander Helphand), 282-83 passive revolution, of capitalist development, 135-36 “patriotic” world history, 181 PD (People’s Democracy), Ί peculiarity/particularity, Sonderweg thesis and, 129-31,142-43,146n2 people’s history, 215 Pianist (Szpielman), 56n54 Poland: Allied bombing victims in, 72-73; anti-Semitism in, 38-39,66-67, 234-37; anti-Zionism in, 234-37, 247n34; Chechen refugees in, 99; collective memory in postcommunist, 99; colonialism and history of, 97-98; communism in, 11; as “East” and “West,” 8-10; ethno-nationalism in, 227-28, 231, 234-37, 245, 247Ո34; Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia and, 170-71; fascism in, 229; German refugees in,49-50; 323 Hiroshima-Auschwitz Peace March and, 74-75,106-8; internal colonialism and, 98-99; Islamic refugees in, 97-98; Jedwabne massacre and, 27, 38-41; Leninism replacing Stalinism in, 232; Marxism in, “really existing socialism” and, 12-13; nationalism propaganda in, 234; nationalization of memory in, 66-67; People’s Poland (Communist Poland),
4,11,13,15,18, 27,66,100, 230, 239, 244-45, 262; postcolonial view of Holocaust in, 99-101; postcommunist, 4-5; poverty in, 20nl7; proletarian internationalism in, 228-29,233-36; “Regained Land” and, 220, 230; socialism in, 9-12, 171-72; Sonderweg thesis in, 141; Studia Zachodnie in, 9,131-32, 220; victimhood nationalism in, 27,38-42, 93-94; Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and, 40,102; WHP in, 232; ZHP in, 233. See also Holocaust Polish Communist Party (KPP), 229-34 Polish Occidentalism, 170-71 Polish October, 1956,227, 231-33,236 Polish Orientalism, 172 Polish Socialist Party (PPS), 11; Leninism and, 232-33; PZPR accusations against, 229-30; red Orientalism and, 171-72 Polish United Workers’ Party (PZPR), 12, 74,95; on Hiroshima-Auschwitz Peace March, 106; nationalism in socialist jargon of, 228; nationalist propaganda of, 234; PPS accusations of, 229-30 Polish Workers’ Party (PPR), 41, 66 political religion: mass dictatorship and, 263-65; victimhood nationalism and, 105 “Poor Poles look at the ghetto” (Błoński), 40-41, 99. See also secular religion popular sovereignty, 261-65
324 INDEX populism, 300-303 positivist historiography, 166, 207 postcolonialism: African Americans and Jewish connections and, 101-3; agency and responsibility and, 81-82; critical relativization and, 114-18; genocidal complicity and, 80-81; global memory formation and, 116; guilt and, 79-80; on Holocaust, 79-80, 99-101, 256; mass dictatorship in perspectives of, 253-57; Polish views on Holocaust and, 99-101; Sonderweg thesis and, 131-32, 145-46 “postcolonial melancholia,” 306 postmodernism, 8,116 POWs. See prisoners of war PPS. See Polish Socialist Party Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism (2008), 82-83 Prakash, Gyan, 143 Preobrazhensky, Evgenii, 283 primitive socialist accumulation, 283 primordialist view of nation, 213-16, 241-43 prisoners of war (POWs): from Germany in Soviet Union, 65-67, 73; from Japan in Soviet Union, 70-71; sexual exploitation of, 68; victimhood nationalism and, 43 proletarian internationalism: North Korea and, 238; Poland and, 228-29, 233-36 Prussian path: American path compared to, 135,144-45; comprador capitalism and, 140-41; Eurocentrism and, 133; Lenin on, 135,140-41; modernization and, 132-33; Sonderweg thesis and, 130,132,135 Prussians, Nazism and, 47 Putin, Vladimir, 98 PZPR. See Polish United Workers’ Party racism: anti-Semitism compared to, 101; South African apartheid and, 103; state, 261; white victimhood and, 305 radical juxtaposition, 18, 93,116-18 Rafu shimpo, 112 Ramos, Ramiro Ledesman, 292 Ranke, Leopold von, 157,166 Rape ofNanking, The (Chang), 34,77 “really existing socialism,” Polish Marxism and, 12-13 Recent
Travel Around the World, A (Yi Sun-tak), 287 red Orientalism: colonial Sonderweg and, 142; Eurocentrism and, 7-8,169; Japan and, 161; PPS and, 171-72 reflexive self, mass dictatorship and, 268 “Regained Land,” 220,230 relativization, 83; critical, 21,38, 93, 114-18 Renan, Ernest, 26 renationalization of global memory, 96, 120Ո18,211. See also reterritorialization reparation plan, for Jews, 65 resettlement (Umsiedlung) in Cold War, 73-74. See also Vertreibung expulsion resistance: heroic, 251; mass dictatorship and, 265-68; structural, 267 responsibility: answerability and historical, 51-53; collective guilt and historical, 52; political relativization of, 117; postcolonial criticism and, 81-82 reterritorialization, 96,115,118 revisionist history textbooks: constructivism and, 206-7; in Japan, 205-7; in Korea, 207-8; positivist historiography and, 207 Richthofen, Wolfram Freiherr von, 73 Riess, Ludwig, 157 Rise ofGreat Powers, The, 180 Robinson, James Harvey, 190
INDEX Roma, discrimination against, 67-68. See also Sinti Rono-ha, Japanese Marxism, 192 Rosenfeld, Netty, 64 Rosenhaft, Eve, 17,103 Roszkowski, Wojciech, 171 Rothberg, Michael, 84 Russell, Bertrand, 77 Sinanyan, Zareh, 110,112 singularity, Sonderweg thesis and, 131, 145-46 Sino-Japanese War, 158,163,183 Sinti, discrimination against, 67-68 Six-Day War, 1967,37 slavery: African Americans and, 59,93, 116; sexual, 113-14 Russia: capitalist development in, 141; Orientalism and, 73. See also Bolshevism; Soviet Union Russo-Japanese War, 158,163,183 Slavic national movements, 136 Slawson, John, 36 Rwanda, 16,80,113,257 Social-Christian Association, Poland (ChSS), 74 Ryuichi, Narita, 195 sacralization of memory, 28,78-79 Sadeh, Yitzhak, 36 Said, Edward, 9,179 Sakai Naoki, 8-9,62,153 Salomon, Dieter, 113-14 SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks), 2 Samuel, Raphael, 215 Sankei shinbun, 205-6 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 77 Satõ Kyotsū, 106 SCAP (Supreme Command of the Allied Powers), 44-45, 70 Schmitt, Carl, 2, 261,302 SDKPiL (Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania), 11,229-36 secular religion, 264. See also political religion Sekino Tadashi, 167 self-energizing, 267 self-mobilization, 259-60,265-67,284-86 self-Orientalism, 132,163,288 Serbia, 96,108,115. See also Chetnik Seventy Years Declaration, 2012,83 sexual violence, 112-14 Shaltiel, David, 35 Sherwin, Byron K., 39 Shiratori Kurakichi, 158-59 Simon, George, 275 325 Smedley, Agnes, 282 Smith, Angel, 10 Social Darwinism, 165 socialism: Asian nationalists turning to, 280-82; collective subjectivity and, 275-79; in India,
291; Marxist voluntarism and, 284-86; mass games and, 277-78,296n2; modernity and, 144; national, 282-83; in Poland, 9-12, 171-72; PZPR using nationalism in jargon of, 228; as thick ideology, 302; victimhood nationalism and, 276-77; Young Turks and, 282-83. See also Bolshevism social patriotism, 245 So Far from the Bamboo Grove (Watkins), 30-34 Sonderweg thesis, 6,10; colonial, 139-44; dependency and, 140-41; “East” and “West” in, 131; Eurocentrism and, 131-32; Japanese Marxism and origins of, 129-30,161; Korea and, 141-43; Marxist historicism and, 133-39; from national to transnational, 144-46; peculiarity/particularity and, 129-31, 142-43,146n2; in Poland, 141; postcolonialism and, 131-32,145-46; Prussian path and, 130,132,135; singularity and, 131,145-46; underlying assumption of, 129; Whig historiography and, 133-34
326 INDEX Sono Ayako, 109 South African apartheid, 103 South Korea. See Korea sovereign dictatorship: Nazism and, 2; popular sovereignty and, 261-65; representation and legitimacy of, 262. See also decisionist democracy Soviet Union: Europa ŚrodkowoWschodnia and, 170-71; fall of, 92-93; fascism and, 293-94; Five-Year Plans and growth of, 283-84; forced modernization and, 278-79; German POWs in, 65-67, 73; Japanese POWs in, 70-71; Soviet-Polish War, 230. See also Bolshevism; Russia Spain, fascism in, 292 Stakhanovites, 284 Stalinism: class struggle and, 231; developmental strategy of, 263; domination and, 259; Leninism replacing, 232; Marxism and, 283; Nazism compared to, 38,82; North Korea and de-Stalinization, 239; Polish October and, 232; Polish proletarian internationalism and, 230-31; primitive socialist accumulation and, 283 Stalinist crimes, 83, 92-93,96,230 state racism, 261 Stefanek, Stanislaw, 41 Steinbach, Erika, 49,75 Steinlauf, Michael, 40 Stockholm Declaration, 75-76 Stone, Lawrence, 5 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), 2 “Strength Through Joy” campaign, 72 Studia Zachodnie (Western/German studies), 9,131-32,220 subaltern empire, 98,139 subjectivity: collective, socialism and, 275-79; Juche and, 66, 240, 243-44, 278 Sukarno, 63-64, 291 Sun Yatsen, 184 Sweezy, Paul, 6,134 Świda-Ziemba, Hanna, 41 Sznaider, Natan, 96 Szpielman, Wladyslaw, 56n54 Taiping Rebellion, 136-37 Takahashi Kõhachirõ, 6,135. See also Kõza-ha Taketani Etsuko, 102 Taylor, A. J. P., 133 Taylor, Telford, 77 technological modernity, 143-44 terror, mass dictatorship and, 264 testimonies, in
critical memory, 77-78 Theses on Feuerbach (Marx), 286 Third World Marxism, 144 Toadyism, 237, 239 Tormey, Simon, 258 totalitarianism: democracy and, 257-58; fuzzy, 269; post-totalitarianism, 259; surveillance and, 306 toyoshi, Japanese national history and, 158-59,182-83 traditionalism, mass dictatorship and, 255 transnational memory: Australian Aborigines and, 60-61; dictatorship and, 252; globalization and, 16-17; Historikerstreit and, 76; history textbooks, nationalism and, 15; Holocaust in, 18,60-62; Korean comfort women commemoration and, 59-60; mass dictatorship and, 19; victimhood nationalism and politics of, 17-18,28-29. See also victimhood nationalism Treitschke, Heinrich von, 162 Trevelyan, G. Μ., 215 triple victimhood, mnemonic nationalism and, 114-18 Trotsky(֊ist), 137,230,281 Trump, Donald, 300,305 Tsuda Sõkichi, 157
INDEX 327 Ulbricht, Walter, 73-74 Union of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy (ZBoWid), 247n26 Universal History on the Basis ofGeography (Goodrich), 182 universalism, particularism compared to, 6,142-43 bombings in Poland, 72-73; victimizers compared to, 42-43; white victimhood, 305 Vietnam and Vietnamese, 99,106-7,195; My Lai, 61, 71; War, 71, 77, 93,113 View ofNational History, 154-55,182 Viseur-Sellers, Patricia, 113 voluntarism, Marxist, 228, 240,284-86 vulgarization, global memory formation and, 95-96 Vajda, Mihály, 170 Vertreibung expulsion, 16, ЗО, 73 victimhood nationalism: anti-Semitism and, 38; collective guilt and, 26-27; concept of, 15-16, 27; diaspora communities and, 54n20; exculpatory memory of, 52-53,71; gender and, 25; in Germany, 46-49,75; global memory culture and, 25-29; history textbooks and, 216; Holocaust and, 33,37-41; in Japan, 43-46,75,105; justificatory memory and, 71; Korean, in global memory space, 114; moral remembrance and, 26; opposing forces in, 38; overcontextualization and decontextualization in, 29,51; in Poland, 27,38-42,93-94; political religion and, 105; in post-Fascist Italy, 50-51; POWs and, 43; sacralization of memory and, 28; socialism and, 276-77; transnational memory politics and, 17-18, 28-29. See also hereditary victimhood victims: of Allied bombings in Germany, 72-74, 93; Austrians as, 46-47; Axis powers as self-proclaimed, 68-69; German refugees in Poland and Czech Republic as, 49-50; global memory space recognition battles for, 25-26; “Hitler’s first victims,” 46-47; “Hitler’s last victims,” 47-48; Japan as atom bomb,
43-44,69-71; of Nazi Wałęsa, Lech, 1,8 Walicki, Andrzej, 259, 294 Wannsee Conference (1942), 83 Warren, Bill, 137 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 37,40, 96,102 Warschawski, Michel, 37 Wasersztajn, Szmuel, 78, 90n66 Wat, Aleksander, 172 Watanabe Shoichi, 75 Watkins, Yoko Kawashima, 30-34,48 Weber, Eugene, 262 Weidauer, Walter, 74 Weinberg, Werner, 35 Weizsäcker, Richard von, 152 welfare chauvinism, 303 welfare dictatorship, 81, 270n8,303 Weitzel, Hans, 17 “West”: Global Easts arising from displacement of, 10-11; as imaginative geography, 9,173-74, 254-55; neopopulism and, 300-303; Orientalism and, 131-32; Orientalism by proximity to, 153; Poland as “East” and, 8-10; in Sonderweg thesis, 131 “Western Civilization,” history of, 181 Western history: overcome by, 189-94; overcoming, 184-89 Western History Review, 21Ո19 Whig historiography, 133-34 white supremacy: African American and Japanese solidarity against, 102; Turner, Alf, 60 Turner, Henry, Jr., 292
328 INDEX white supremacy (continued) Holocaust denial and, 61; North Korea and, 245 white victimhood, 305 Wieluń, 72-73 Wilhelm Gustlofftragedy, 48 Wilsey, David, 105 Wojnarowska, Cezaryna, 235-36 Wolff, Larry, 130 Women’s International War Crimes Tribunal on Japan’s Military Sexual Slavery, 113 world capitalism, Eurocapitalism compared to, 145-46 world history: Asiacentric, 181,189,199; decentering, 199-201; Eurocentric, 181, 199; global historians, 199; Japanese textbooks on, 182-83,190-91,200-201; Keizo Imperial University teaching, 188-89; Korean textbooks on, 183-84, 190,200; to national history, 180-84; nationalism and, 180; “patriotic,” 181; post-war school curricula on, 189-90; tripartite structure of, 190 World War II. See Holocaust; Nazism; Pacific War Wroński, Stanislaw, 235 Wydział Historii Partii (WHP), 232 Wyrzykowska, Antonina, 41 Yamahata Yosuke, 46 Yanagi Muneyoshi, 167-68 Yang Chil-sung, 64 Year ofImpossible Goodbyes (Choi), 33-34 “Yellow Peril,” 305 Yeom Tae-young, 113-14 Yi Sun-tak, 287-90, 293 Yonehara Mari, 71-72 Young Turks, 282-83 Yugoslavia, 16,106,108,113 Zakład Historii Partii (ZHP), 233 Załuski, Zbigniew, 234 Zasulich, Vera, 281 Zinoviev, Grigory, 280 Zionism: Holocaust appropriation and, 83; Polish anti-Zionism, 234-37, 247Ո34 Z Pola Walki, 235 Zwigenberg, Ron, 106 Żydokomuna (Judeo-communism), 38,98 Bayerische QtaatahihHnthAk
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Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction: Between Two Global Easts 1 Part I. Remembering 1 Victimhood Nationalism: National Mourning and Global Accountability 25 2 The Second World War in Global Memory Space 59 3 Postcolonial Reflections on the Mnemonic Confluence of the Holocaust, Stalinist Crimes, and Colonialism 92 Part II. Imagining 4 A Postcolonial Reading of Sonderwege: Marxist Historicism Revisited 129 5 Imagining Easts: Cofiguration of Orient and Occident in the Global Chain of National Histories 151 б World History as a Nationalist Rationale: How the National Appropriated the Transnational in East Asian Historiography 179
viii CONTENTS 7 Nationalist Phenomenology in East Asian History Textbooks: On the Antagonistic Complicity of Nationalisms 205 8 Nationalist Messages in Socialist Code: On the Party Historiography in People’s Poland and North Korea 226 Part III. Mobilizing 9 Mapping Mass Dictatorship: Toward a Transnational History of Twentieth-Century Dictatorship 251 10 Nationalizing the Bolshevik Revolution Transnationally: In Search of Non-Western Modernization Among “Proletarian” Nations 275 Epilogue: Blurring Dichotomy of Global Easts and Wests in the Age of Neopopulism 300 Index 309
Index Aborigines, transnational memory and, 60-61. See also Cooper, William absolutization, political, 117. See also instrumentalization; relativization Abu-Lughod, Janet, 199 accomplices: anticolonial nationalism as, 116; complicity and, 65-67, 79-81; of dictatorship, 13,251 Adenauer, Konrad, 47,132 African Americans: anti-Semitism compared to racism and, 101; on Genocide Convention, 84; Japanese solidarity with, 102; postcolonialism and Jewish connection with, 101-3; slavery and, 59,93,116; South African apartheid activism of, 103. See also Du Bois, W. E. B. Agamben, Giorgio, 94,304 agency: mass dictatorship and everyday life, 265-69; postcolonial criticism and, 81-82; reflexive self and, 268; self-energizing, 267 Allied bombings: compared to Nazi bombing of Guernica, 48,72-73; of Dresden, 49,74; German victims of, 72-74; Wieluń and, 72-73 Althusser, Louis, 260 American path, Prussian path compared to, 135,144-45 anachronism, in history textbooks, 222, 243-44 Anatomy ofNazism, The, 36 Anderson, Benedict, 63 anticolonialism. See postcolonialism anti-communist propaganda, 4; and Żydokomuna, 38, 98 Anti-Defamation League (ADL), 36 antinuclear pacifism, 45,107-8 antiquarian history, 215 anti-Semitism, 12; anti-communism and, 38; COVID-19 pandemic conspiracy theories and, 305; Jedwabne massacre and, 27,38-41; Kolbe and, 109-10; nationalization of memory and, 66; in Poland, 38-39, 66-67, 234-37; racism compared to, 101; victimhood nationalism and, 38. See also Holocaust
310 INDEX anti-Western modernization, 143-44, 263,279-85,294-95 appropriation: of Holocaust, Zionist, 83; nationalist, 26, 75,94,108,115-16; of socialism by Young Turks, 282-83 Arendt, Hannah, 26,42, 256 Armenian Americans: Korean comfort women statue supported by, 110-12; NCRR collaboration with, 112. See also Glendale Armenian genocide, 110-11,126n97 art history: ofJapan, 155-56; of Korea, 167-68 AsahiJournal, 62 Asahi shimbun, 109 Asiacentric world history, 181,189,199 Asia-Pacific War, 43,45. See also Fifteen Years’ War; Great East Asia War; Pacific War atomic bomb: Hiroshima and, 45, 74-75, 104-8; Japan as victim of, 43-44, 69-71; Nagasaki and, 104-5,108-9 Auschwitz-Birkenau: Frankfurt Trial, 37, 76; Hiroshima historical comparisons to, 74-75,104-8; Japanese visitors to, 103-4; Nagasaki connection to, 108-9. See also Holocaust Austrians, as victims, 46-47 autochthonism, history textbooks and, 219-22,241-43. See also Imna Commandery; “Regained Land” Axis powers, as self-proclaimed victims, 68-69 Barère, Bertrand, 302 Bauman, Zygmunt, 15,81,100,116, 255-56,268 Begin, Menachem, 38 Belgium, 65 Ben Gurion, David, 35,38 Berger, Stefan, 10 bio-power, 261 Bishop, Isabella Bird, 159 Blackburn, David, 18,133 Black Germans, Nazism and, 103 Bloch, Marc, 179 Blonski, Jan, 40-41, 99 Bolshevism, 19; Asian nationalists and, 280-82; class struggle and, 278-79; global impact of, 276; Marxist voluntarism and, 284-86; militarization of labor in, 283-84; national socialism origins and, 282-83; Nazism as response to, 117 Bonn, Hans, 74 borders of nation-state, history books on, 213 Bose,
Subhas Chandra, 290-91 bourgeois nations versus proletarian nations, 287-94 Brexit, 306 BriefHistory ofJapan, A, 154,182 Browning, Christopher, 80 Brown Orientalism, 73 Bücher, Karl, 159 Buddhism, North Korean criticism of, 242-43 Burnham, Linden F. S., 275-76 California school, 200 Canaan Commonwealth, 35 capitalist development: comprador, 140-41; Eurocapitalism compared to world capitalism, 145-46; in India, 137; Japan and, 294-95; Kõza-ha faction and, 192; Marxist historicism on Eurocapitalism and, 133-35; Marxist historicism on Korea’s, 5-8, 135,138,142; passive revolution of, 135-36; Rono-ha faction and, 192; in Russia, 141. See also Eurocapitalism; Prussian path capitalo-centrism, 8,138-39 Carson, Ben, 96 Carterjimmy, 3-4 Césaire, Aimé, 100-101
INDEX Chakrabarty, Dipesh, 6,132,152 Chang, Iris, 34, 71,77 chauvinism, welfare, 303. See also dictatorship, welfare Chechen refugees, in Poland, 99 Chetnik, 103,115 China: COVID-19 pandemic conspiracy theories and, 305; East Asian history books in, 194-98; Goguryeo sovereignty in historical textbooks of, 220-22; Great Leap Forward in, 284-85; Korea Orientalizing, 164-65; Maoism in, 77,136,262, 284-85; nationalism and history textbooks in, 210; pan-Asianism and, 184-85; Sino-Japanese War and, 158,163,183; Taiping Rebellion and, 136-37; totalitarian surveillance in, 306 Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), 195 Chinese-Japanese Joint History Research Committee, 196-97 Choi, Sook Nyul, 33-34 Chosön, 54nl6 Chosõn Joongang ilbo, 289 Churchill, Winston, 46-47 class struggle: Bolshevism and, 278-79; Communist International on collaboration in, 291-92; fascism and, 289-90; Marxism and, 278; Stalinism and, 231 coercion, mass dictatorship and, 264, 266,301 cofiguration, 18,132,151,154,156, 163-64,170,173,179-81,184,192,199, 255. See also “East”; “West” Cold War, 2; demonology, 11-15, 74, 253; resettlement and expulsion in, 73-74; thaw of, 92-93 collaboration/complicity, 41,48,62,72, 79,81,92; genocidal, postcolonial criticism and, 80-81; German POWs and Soviet collaboration, 65-67 311 collective guilt, 26-27,32,52,99; postcolonial criticism and, 79-80 collective innocence, 26 collective memory: antinuclear pacifism and, 45; of fascism, 50-51; global memory culture and, 26; global memory space and, 15-17; of Holocaust, 37-38; in postcommunist Poland, 99; sacralization of, 78; as
untransferable, 28 collective subjectivity, socialism and, 275-79 colonial amnesia, in Japan, 63 colonial genocide, in Namibia, 79-80,256 colonial guilt, postcolonial criticism and, 79-80 colonialism: of England in India, 137,139, 143; Holocaust compared to, 94-95; of Japan in Korea, 33-34,63,142-43, 159-60,193-94; Lenin on decolonization, 279; mass dictatorship and, 14; modernist view of nation-state in, 214; modernization and, 136-40; Nazism and, 100,256; Polish history and, 97-98; Polish internal, 98-99; Sonderweg thesis and, 139-44; subaltern empire and, 98,139; Yi Sun-tak on, 287-88 colonial modernity: Eurocapitalism and, 138-39; “history from below” and, 139; in Korea, 138; Marxist historicism and, 132-33,136-39 comfort women, Korean, 68; Armenian Americans supporting statue of, 110-12; global awareness of, 112-13; Holocaust survivors and, 110; Japanese Americans protesting statue of, 111-12; transnational memory and, 59-60; Women’s International War Crimes Tribunal on Japan’s Military Sexual Slavery and, 113 “coming to terms with the past,” 18,27, 41, 79, 251-52, 268
312 INDEX Comintern (Communist International), 130, 230, 233, 279-80, 291-92 Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, 112 communism: national, 188, 226-29, 238, 244-45; North Korean nationalism and, 228,238; in Poland, 11; Żydokomuna and anti-communism, 38, 98 comparative history, 6,145,179, 270nl3 complicity: of antagonistic nationalisms, 15,18, 29, 38, 45, 50-51,159,198, 205-8,222; genocidal, postcolonial criticism and, 80-81; German POWs and Soviet collaboration, 65-67 comprador capitalism, 140-41 comrade abuse trials, in Germany, 65-66 Confino, Alon, 95 Conrad, Sebastian, 199 consent: dictatorship of, 81,303; mass dictatorship and, 266,303 consequential Eurocentrism, 6,138,142, 180,184,193,199 constructivism, revisionist history textbooks and, 206-7 Cooper, William, 60-61, 84 Corradini, Enrico, 292 cosmopolitanism, 66,232-34 cosmopolitanization of Holocaust, 84, 93-96,115-16 cosmopolitan memory, HiroshimaAuschwitz Peace March and, 106-8 COVID-19 pandemic, 304-6 “crimes against humanity,” 66, 73, 76,83, 94,113. See also colonial genocide, in Namibia; comfort women, Korean; Holocaust Critical Global Studies Institute (CGSl), 16-17 critical memory: of dictatorship, 81-82; global emergence of, 77; testimonies in, 77-78 critical relativization, postcolonialism and, 21,38, 93,114-18 Croce, Benedetto, 50-51 cultural populism, 302-3 Czech Republic, 49-50 Czubiński, Antoni, 231 Dahrendorf, Ralf, 129 Daniszewski, Tadeusz, 232 Das Kapital (Marx), 5,6,134 decisionist democracy, mass dictatorship and, 2-3,303 decontextualization: of history, 71-73; in victimhood
nationalism, 29, 32-33, 50-51. See also overcontextualization decosmopolitanization of German identity, 120Ո18 democracy: antithesis of, 2-3; dictatorship and, 2-3,254-55; domination and, 258-59; mass, 258, 263-66; mass dictatorship and, 257-61,303-4; totalitarian, 257-58 demonology, Cold War, 11-15,74, 253 denationalization of memory, genocidal complicity and, 81. See also deterritorialization of memory denialism, 16,34, 61, 206 dependency (theory), 137,139-41,144, 194, 238,243-44, 263; on Japanese colonialism in Korea, 193-94,289 Der Bund der Vertriebenen (BdV), 49, 75 Der Untergang, 47-48 despotism, mass dictatorship and, 253, 269n6 deterritorialization of memory, 16, 84, 115 developmental dictatorship, in Korea, 1-5, 252 diaspora communities, victimhood nationalism and, 54n20 dictatorship: accomplices of, 13, 251; antithesis of, 2-3; conceptual history
INDEX of, 2; of consent, 81,303; critical memory of, 81-82; democracy and, 2-3, 254-55; developmental, 1-5,252; modern, 270n8; in state of emergency, 2; transnational memory and, 252; welfare, 81, 270n8,303. See also specific types Discours sur le colonialisme (Césaire), 100-101 Dobb, Maurice, 6,134 domination, mass dictatorship, democracy and, 258-59 Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 9 Dower, John, 44 Drang nach Manchuria, 164,212,242 Drang nach Westen, 170-71, 220, 230, 241 Dresden, Allied bombing of, 49,74 Dreyfus Affair, 66 Droysen, Johann Gustav, 162 Du Bois, W. E. B., 84,101-2 Duke, David, 61, 245,305. See also Ku Klux Klan Dziennik Polski, 106 “East”: Global Easts arising from displacement of, 4,6,10-12; as imaginative geography, 9,173-74, 254-55; Orientalism and, 131-32; Poland as “West” and, 8-10 East Asia, 9,11,15,18, 27,160,199; memory and, 30-32,38,45, 68, 79,95, 111-12; national history and, 180-81, 184-85,189-90, 207; in Sonderweg thesis, 6,18,130-32,137,139-44 East Asian History Forum for Criticism and Solidarity, 15 East Asian history textbooks, 194-98, 206-8, 212-15, 222 Eastern Europe, 9-11,21Ո19; memory and, 27, 42, 49, 66, 76, 79, 82-83,92, 95-96,102,115-16,118; in Sonderweg thesis, 10,18,130-32,141 313 Eco, Umberto, 269 Eichmann trial, 37,42-43, 77-78 Eley, Geoff, 18,133 Elias, Norbert, 131,270n9 Emancipatory, 143. See also technological modernity Endõ Shūsaku, 109 Engels, Friedrich, 130,136-37,139-40 England: Brexit and, 306; India and colonialism of, 137,139,143 entangled history, 16-18,109,145,196, 207 entangled memory, 16-18,26,32,61, 92-93 Estonia, 82 ethno-
nationalism, in Poland, 227-28, 231, 234-37, 245, 247Ո34 Eurocapitalism: colonial modernity and, 138-39; Marxist historicism and, 133-35,152,192; world capitalism compared to, 145-46 Eurocentrism: capitalo-centrism and, 8, 138-39; consequential, 199; diffusionism and, 146,153,162,171, 184,199; historicism and, 5-8,10,18, 132-38,144-45,152-54,157,164,168, 179,182,193; Holocaust and, 100; Marxism and, 6-7; mass dictatorship and, 254; national history and, 152-54; Prussian path and, 133; red Orientalism and, 7-8,169; Sonderweg thesis and, 131-32; tunnel history and, 151-52; world history and, 181, 199 Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia, 170-71 everyday fascism, 81, 252 exculpatory memory: sacralization of memory and, 78-79; of victimhood nationalism, 52-53,71; of victimizers in Holocaust, 42-43; war against, 77 expulsion: in Cold War, 73-74; hikiage and, 16, 30-34, 41, 45, 70-71; Vertreibung, 16,30,73
314 INDEX fascism: class struggle and, 289-90; collective memory of, 50-51; COVID-19 pandemic and, 304; developmental strategy of, 263; everyday, 81,252; hegemony and, 259-60; India and, 290-91; in Italy, 50-51, 259-60, 288-90,292-93; in Japan, 142,161; Korea and Italy, 289-90,293; Korean developmental dictatorship and, 252; in Poland, 229; as premodern, 131-32, 254; Soviet Union and, 293-94; in Spain, 292; Yi Sun-tak on, 288-89. See also mass dictatorship; Nazism feminism, mass dictatorship and, 264-65 Fenollosa, Ernest, 156 feudalism, Japanese, 160-61 Fifteen Years’ War, 46, 77 Fischer, Fritz, 76 “follow and catch-up,” Marxism and, 7, 144,168,193 forced labor: Japanese empire, 16,45, 111, 205; Third Reich, 16,49, 75 forced modernization, Soviet Union and, 278-79 gender: nationalization of memory and discrimination of, 68; victimhood nationalism and, 25 General Security of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA), 111 Gentile, Emilio, 264 geo-body, nation-state as, 212-13 German Orientalism, 161-63,171. See also Ostforschung Germany: Allied bombing victims in, 72-74; Austrians as victims in, 46-47; Black Germans and Nazism in, 103; colonial genocide in Namibia and, 79-80,256; comrade abuse trials in, 65-66; decosmopolitanization of German identity, 120nl8; “Documents of Expulsion” and, 49; HiroshimaAuschwitz Peace March and, 74-75, 106-8; “Hitler’s first victims” and, 46-47; “Hitler’s last victims” and, 47-48; nationalization of memory of Holocaust in, 65-68; Ostforschung in, 9, 131,161-63,171, 220; POWs from, in Soviet Union, 65-67,73; Prussians and Forverts, 101-2 Nazism
in, 47; refugees from, in Foucault, Michel, 261, 265 Poland and Czech Republic, 49-50; France: genocidal complicity and, 81; nationalization of memory of reparation plan for Jews in, 65; Holocaust in, 64-65 Francoism, 269n6 Frank, Andre G., 199 Frank, Anne, 75,108 Frankfurt Auschwitz trials, 37 Frankowski, Jan, 74 Free Indian Centre, 290 Friedrich, Jörg, 48,72-73 Fujiwara Tei, 30 Fukuta Tokujo, 159 Fukuzawa Yukichi, 182 Furet, François, 270nl3 Garvey, Marcus, 102 Gellner, Ernest, 209 Vertreibung expulsion and, 16,30, 73; victimhood nationalism in, 46-49, 75; Wilhelm Gustlofftragedy and, 48. See also Nazism; Sonderweg thesis Gills, Barry K., 199 Gilroy, Paul, 103 Glemp, Józef, 41 Glendale, 110-12 Global Easts: anti-Western modernization and, 294-95; de configuration and, 173-74; “East” and “West” displacement leading to, 10-11; modernity and, 179-80; national history and, 153-54; problem space of, 11 global history. See world history
INDEX globalization: national history and, 179; transnational memory and, 16-17 global memory culture: collective memory shaped by, 26; decontextualizing history and, 71-73; denial discourses and, 61; victimhood nationalism and, 25-29 global memory formation: Cold War thaw and, 92-93; cosmopolitanization of Holocaust and, 93-96,116; nationalization of memory and, 96-97; postcolonialism and, 116; vulgarization and, 95-96 global memory space: collective memory shaped in, 15-17; Holocaust and, 60-61,80-81,94-95,105; Korean victimhood nationalism in, 114; victim recognition battles in, 25-26 Gluck, Carol, 62,113 Goguryeo, historical sovereignty, 220-22 Goldhagen, Daniel, 76 Gomulka, Władysław, 4,66,231-32, 236 Goodrich, Samuel G., 182 Grabowski, Jan, 117 Gramsci, Antonio, 20n8,259-60 Grass, Günther, 48-49, 72 Great East Asia Co-Prosperity Zone, 44, 185 Great East Asia War, terminology of, 44-45 Great Leap Forward, China, 284-85 Gross, Jan, 15, 39, 41-42, 76, 90n66, 97 Guattari, Felix, 269 Guernica bombing, 48, 72-73 Guesde, Jules, 66 Guyana, 275-78 Hadler, Frank, 21nl9 Halecki, Oskar, 170 Haraguchi Kikuya, 69-70 Harap, Louis, 102 Harris, Nigel, 137 Havel, Vaclav, 251 34 Heimbach, Matthew, 244-45 Helphand, Alexander (alias Parvus), 282-83 hereditary victimhood, 15,26; Holocaust and, 37-42; nationalist essentialism and, 216; So Far from the Bamboo Grove and, 30-34 Herero-Nama wars, 79-80, 256 heroism: Holocaust and, 35-37; resistance and, 251 hikiage-monogatari literature, in Japan, 30-34,41 hikiage repatriation, 16,30-34,41,45, 70-71 Hilberg, Raul, 77, 268 Hilsenrath, Edgar, 84
Hirano Yumie, 74-75,104 Hiroshima: antinuclear pacifism and, 45, 107-8; atom bomb survivor stories in, 104; Auschwitz-Birkenau historical comparisons to, 74-75,104-8 Hiroshima-Auschwitz Peace March, 74-75,106-8 Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, 45-46, 104 Hirschbiegel, Oliver, 47-48 Histoire de l’art du Japon, 155 historical responsibility, as answerability to the perished, 51-53 historicism. See Marxist historicism Historikerstreit: complicity/collaboration and, 79; global, 75-82; in Korea, 82; on mass dictatorship, 81-82; multidirectional memory and, 85; in Poland, 15,76,99; sacralization of memory and, 78-79; shame and, 81; transnational memory and, 76 “history from below”: colonial modernity and, 139; in history textbooks, 215; Korean national history and, 191-92 history of everyday life, 215; in history textbooks, 214-15
316 INDEX history of martyrdom, mass dictatorship and, 251-53 history textbooks: anachronism in, 222, 243-44; autochthonism and, 219-22, 241-43; East Asia conflicts over, 15; East Asian, 194-98; everyday history in, 214-15; Goguryeo polemics in, 220-22; “history from below” in, 215; in Korea compared to Japan, 206; modernist view of nation in, 214; modernity of nation-state in, 211; Mongol invasion of Korea in, 215; national culture in, 218-19; nationalism and, 207-11; nationalist essentialism in, 213-16; nation-state as geo-body in, 212-13; nation-state borders in, 213; originism in, 216-19, 241; primordialist view of nation in, 213-16,241-43; regime-dominated narrative in, 222-23; revisionist, in Japan, 205-7; revisionist, in Korea, 207-8; societal conflict in, 213-14; unpredictable past in, 222-23; victimhood nationalism and, 216; “we-the nation” in Korean, 209-11; on world history, in Japan, 182-83, 190-91, 200-201; on world history, in Korea, 183-84,190, 200 History to Open the Future, A (HOF), 194-96 Hobsbawm, Eric, 281 Hochfeld, Julian, 232 Holocaust: Austrians as victims in, 46-47; collective memory of, 37-38; colonialism compared to, 94-95; cosmopolitanization of, 84,93-96, 115-16; denial, 61, 96-97; Eurocentrism and, 100; exculpatory memory of victimizers in, 42-43; global memory space and, 60-61, 80-81, 94-95,105; hereditary victimhood and, 37-42; heroism and, 35-37; “Hitler’s first victims” and, 46-47; “Hitler’s last victims” and, 47-48; indigenization, 117; Japan as atom bomb victims compared to Jews in, 69-71; Korean comfort women and survivors of, 110; as
memory template, 94-95; multidirectional memory and, 84-85; nationalist appropriation of, 26, 75,94,108, 115-16; nationalization of memory and, 64-68; Polish postcolonial views on, 99-101; Polish victimhood nationalism and, 93-94; postcolonial criticism on, 79-80,99-101, 256; Prague Declaration on, 82-83; reparation plan for Jews following, 65; Stockholm Declaration on, 75-76; in transnational memory, 18, 60-62; uniqueness of, 80,83,94; victimhood nationalism and, 33,37-41; vulgarization of, 95-96; Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and, 40; Wilhelm Gustlofftragedy and, 48; Zionist appropriation of, 83. See also Auschwitz-Birkenau Holocaust Remembrance Day, in Israel, 37 Homo Sacer (Agamben), 94 homosexuality, Nazism criminalizing, 68 Honda Katsuichi, 77 human rights: Carter’s diplomacy of, 3-4; Pacific War violations of, 45 Ilseontongjoron (Japanese-Korean blood lineage thesis), 185-89 imaginative geography, “East” and “West” as, 9,173-74, 254-55 Im Krebsgang (Grass), 48-49,72 Imna Commandery, 186-87,198,219-20, 242 India: capitalist development in, 137; English colonialism in, 137,139,143; fascism and, 290-91; Indian Legion, 290; Marxism in Korea compared to, 6-7; socialism in, 291 Indonesia, 63-64
INDEX Inoue Mitsusada, 188 instrumentalization, 7, 95,108-9 Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (IPN), 39 internal coercion, ЗОЇ internal colonialism, Poland and, 98-99 International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), 113 International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), 113 internationalism, 228-29, 233-36,238 International Woman’s Day, 59 Iran, Holocaust denial and, 61 Irredentism, 12,98 Israel: hereditary victimhood and, 37-42; Holocaust heroism and, 35-37; Holocaust Remembrance Day in, 37; Holocaust vulgarization in, 95; Six-Day War and, 37; Zionism and, 83, 234-37, 247Ո34 Italy: fascist economy in, 288-89; fascist hegemony in, 259-60; Korea and fascism in, 289-90,293; modernity and fascism in, 292-93; as proletarian nation, 292-93; victimhood nationalism in post-Fascist, 50-51 Itõ Hirobumi, 155 Iwakura Domomi, 155 Jablonski, Henryk, 232-33 Jacobins, French, 257, 270Ո13, 302 James, C. L. R., 102 Japan: African American solidarity with, 102; antinuclear pacifism and, 45, 107-8; art history of, 155-56; as atom bomb victim, 43-44,69-71; Auschwitz-Birkenau tours, 103-4; capitalist development and, 294-95; colonial amnesia in, 63; colonialism of, in Korea, 33-34,63,142-43,159-60, 193-94; East Asian history books in, 194-98; fascism in, 142,161; feudalism in, 160-61; Fifteen Years’ War and, 77; Anne Frank in, 75,108; hikiage and, 16, 317 30-34,41,45,70-71; hikiage-monogatari literature in, 30-34,41; Hiroshima, 45, 74-75,104-8; Hiroshima-Auschwitz Peace March and, 74-75,106-8; Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park in, 45-46; history textbooks in Korea compared to, 206;
Holocaust compared to atom bomb victimhood in, 69-71; Ilseontongjoron and, 185-89; Korean-Japanese War, 1592-1598,215; Kõza-ha and, 192; Manchukuo legacies of colonial guilt in, 79; Marxism in, Sonderweg thesis origins and, 129-30,161; Marxist historicism in, 192-94; Meiji Ishin in, 160-61,181-82; Moral Suasion Mobilization Campaign in, 260; Nagasaki, 104-5,108-9; national history of, 154-62; nationalism and history textbooks in, 209-11; nationalization of memory in, 62-64; nation-state as geo-body in history textbooks of, 212-13; North Korea refuting history of, 242; originism in history textbooks of, 217; Pacific War terminology and, 44-45; panAsianism and, 165,184-85; “postcolonial melancholia” in, 306; POWs from, in Soviet Union, 70-71; red Orientalism and, 161; revisionist history textbooks in, 205-7; Rono-ha and, 192; Russo-Japanese War and, 158,163,183; Sino-Japanese War and, 158,163,183; toyoshi and national history of, 158-59,182-83; victimhood nationalism in, 43-46, 75,105; world history textbooks in, 182-83,190-91, 200-201 Japanese-Korean Joint History Research Committee, 196-98 Japanese Orientalism, 158-62 Jedwabne massacre, 27,38-41, 76 Jewish Life, 102
318 INDEX Jews: anti-Semitism compared to racism and, 101; Australian Aborigines supporting, 60-61; COVID-19 pandemic conspiracy theories and, 305; German reparation plan and, 65; hereditary victimhood and, 37-42; Holocaust, heroism and, 35-37; Japanese atomic bomb victims compared to Holocaust and, 69-71; Jedwabne massacre and, 27,38-41; Korean historical parallelism with, 34-35; nationalization of memory of Holocaust and, 64-68; Polish ethno-nationalism and, 234-37, 247Ո34; postcolonialism and African Americans connecting with, 101-3; South African apartheid activism of, 103; Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and, 40. See also anti-Semitism; Holocaust; Zionism Juche, in North Korea, 66, 240, 243-44, 278 Judeo-communism (Żydokomuna), 38,98 Jun Hye Yeon Monica, 111 justificatory memory, victimhood nationalism and, 71 Kaczyński, Jarosław, 117 Katyń, 74,82,106,230 Kautsky, Karl, 283-84 Keizo Imperial University, Korea, 188-89 Kershaw, Ian, 256 Kibbutz, 35 Kim Il-song, 4, 66, 228, 237-39, 244, 280, 284-86 Kimjöng-il, 296n2 Kim Jong-un, 245 Kim Kyu-sik, 280 Kim Seok-hyung, 188 Klein, Naomi, 306 Kloczowski, Jerzy, 170 Kochański, Aleksander, 235 Kocka, Jürgen, 129,145, 270ո8 Kołakowski, Leszek, 76 Kolbe, Maksymilian (Saint), 108-10 kominka (ՏՏքե, imperial nationalization), 187,260 кбпкооксһа (tea of state-building), 35 Korea: art history of, 167-68; Civil War in, 237, 285; colonial modernity in, 138; Communist International and, 279-80; condensed modernization in, 4-5; COVID-19 pandemic and, 304; dependency theory on Japanese colonialism in, 193-94; developmental dictatorship in, 1-5,252;
East Asian history books in, 194-98; Goguryeo sovereignty in historical textbooks of, 220-22; hikiage repatriation and, 16,30-34,41,45,70-71; Historikerstreit on mass dictatorship in, 82; “history from below” and national history in, 191-92; history textbooks in Japan compared to, 206; Ilseontongjoron and, 185-89; Italian fascism and, 289-90, 293; Japanese colonialism in, 33-34, 63,142-43,159-60; Jews and historical parallelism with, 34-35; Keizo Imperial University in, 188-89; March First Movement in, 187; Marxism in India compared to, 6-7; Marxist historicism in, 168-70,193; Marxist historicism on capitalist development in, 5-8,135,138,142; Mongol invasion of, 215; national history origins in, 163-72; nationalism and history textbooks in, 209-11; nation-state as geo-body in history textbooks of, 212-13; nation-state origins in, 165-66; originism in history textbooks of, 217-18; pan-Asianism and, 165, 184-85; Social Darwinism and, 165; So Far from the Bamboo Grove in, 30-34; Sonderweg thesis and, 141-43; victimhood nationalism of, in global memory space, 114; “we-the nation”
INDEX in history textbooks of, 209-11; world history textbooks in, 183-84,190,200. See also comfort women, Korean; North Korea Korean American Civic Empowerment (KACE), 59-60 Korean-Japanese War (1592-1598), 215 Korean Orientalism, 164-65 Koth, Michael, 245 Kõza-ha (Japanese Marxism), 6,129, 192-93, 204Ո41 KPP (Polish Communist Party), 229-34 Krygier, Martin, 61 319 Manning, Patrick, 199 Manteuffel, Tadeusz, 229 Mao Zedong, 257,262, 282, 284-85; Maoism and, 77,136 March First Movement, 187 Marchlewski, Julian, 235-36 Marinetti, Filippo, 293 Martov, Julius, 284 martyrdom, mass dictatorship and, 251-53 Marx, Karl, 5, 6,134,136-37,140,169, 286 Marxism: on capitalist development, 133-34; capitalo-centrism and, 8; KuKluxKlan(KKK), 61 class struggle and, 278; Eurocentrism Kula, Witold, 25,40,130 Kume Kunitake, 155,185-86 and, 6-7; “follow and catch-up” and, 7, Kundera, Milan, 170 Korea, 6-7; in Japan, Sonderweg thesis origins and, 129-30,161; Kurihara Sadako, 106 Kuroita Katsumi, 157,186 Kyunghyang, 54nl6 labor, militarization of, in Bolshevism, 283-84 144,168,193; in India compared to modernization and, 169,191,193; Polish, “really existing socialism” and, 12-13; Stalinism and, 283; Third World, 144. See also Sonderweg thesis Marxist historicism: on capitalist labor emancipation, 276-77,291 Laub, Dori, 78 LeBon, Gustave, 266 and, 132-33,136-39; Eurocapitalism Lee Ki-baek, 166,241 principle of, 168; in Japan, 192-94; in Lemkin, Raphael, 84,95 Lenin, Vladimir, 135,140-41,279-80 Korea, 168-70,193; on Korea’s Leninism, 232-33. See also Bolshevism Levy, Daniel, 96 Lewkovitz, Alain,
108 Liang Qichao, 184 Lipski, Jan Józef, 109-10 Ludden, David, 199 Lüdtke, Alf, 215,267 lustracja, 14,252 Luxemburg, Rosa, 11-12,137,141,172, 230 “Make America Great Again” (MAGA), 305 Mały Dziennik (Kolbe), 109-10 Manchukuo, 79,290 Mann, Michael, 257,302 development, 134; colonial modernity and, 133-35,152,192; guiding capitalist development, 5-8,135,138, 142; Marx and Engels shaping, 136-37; North Korea and, 237; passive revolution of capitalist development and, 135-36; Sonderweg thesis and, 133-39; Third World Marxism and, 144; universalism compared to particularism in, 6,142-43 Marxist voluntarism, 228,240,284-86 mass democracy, 258, 263-66 mass dictatorship, 3; agency in everyday life and, 265-69; alienating Others in, 260-61; bio-power and, 261; coercion and, 264, 266,301; colonialism and, 14; concept of, 13-14, 251; consent and,
320 INDEX mass dictatorship (continued) 266,303; democracy and, 257-61, 303-4; despotism and, 253,269n6; domination and, 258-59; “East” and “West” as imaginative geography and, 254-55; Eurocentrism and, 254; feminism and, 264-65; Historikerstreit on, 81-82; history of martyrdom and, 251-53; mobilizing and, 14-15,19; modernity and, 255; neopopulism and potential of, 300-303; Occidentalism and, 262-63; political religion and, 263-65; popular sovereignty and, 261-65; in postcolonial perspectives, 253-57; reflexive self and, 268; resistance and, 265-66; state racism and, 261; terror and, 264; traditionalism and, 255; transnational memory and, 19; as transnational social formation, 14; uniformity of, 258. See also fascism; Nazism; Stalinism masses, terminology of, 266 memory studies, 16-17 Michelet, Jules, 151-52 Michnik, Adam, 41,52, 226, 251 Michta, Norbert, 235-36 Mikołajczyk, Stanislaw, 66-67 militarization of labor, in Bolshevism, 283-84 Milosz, Czeslaw, 244 “Miracle” (kiseki, Endõ), 109 Mitchell, Timothy, 134 mnemonic nationalism, triple victimhood and, 114-18 mobilization: Kim Il-söng on mass, 285-86; Marxist voluntarism and, 284-86; mass dictatorship and, 14-15, 19; resistance, mass dictatorship and, 265-68; self-energizing, 267; self mobilization, 259-60,265-67, 284-86 modern dictatorship, 270n8 modernist view of nation, in history textbooks, 214 modernity: colonial, 132-33,136-39; emancipatory, 143; Global Easts and, mass games, socialism and, 277-78, 296n2 179-80; Italy fascism and, 292-93; mass McDonald, Gabrielle Kirk, 113 Meiji Ishin (Restoration/Regeneration),
160-61,181-82, 202Ո10 dictatorship and, 255; of nation-state Meir, Golda, 38 memory: critical, 77-78; decontextualizing history and, 71-73; in history textbooks, 211; overcoming/ overcome by, 199; socialism and, 144; technological, 143-44 modernization: anti-Western, 143-44, 263, 279-85,294-95; colonialism and, denationalization of, genocidal 136-40; Korean condensed, 4-5; complicity and, 81; Marxism and, 169,191,193; Prussian deterritorialization of, 16,84,115; entangled, 16-18, 26,32, 61,92-93; global memory culture shaping collective, 26; Holocaust as template of, 94-95; multidirectional, 84-85; politically correct, 76-77; sacralization of, 28,78-79. See also collective memory; global memory culture; global memory formation; global memory space; nationalization of memory; transnational memory path and, 132-33; Soviet Union and forced, 278-79 Moeller, Robert, 49 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 83,230 Mongol invasion, of Korea, 215 monumental history, 215 moral remembrance, 26 Moral Suasion Mobilization Campaign, Japan,260 Morrison, Scott, 306 Morris-Suzuki, Tessa, 211
INDEX Moscow Tripartite Conference (1943), 46 Mosse, George, 262 Mrożek, Sławomir, 151 multidirectional memory, 84-85 Museum of Occupations, Estonia, 82 Mussert, Anton, 64 Nagai Takashi, 69,104-5,108 Nagasaki: Auschwitz-Birkenau connection to, 108-9; Kolbe and, 108-9; survivor stories in, 104-5 Najarían, Ara, 110 Naka Michiyo, 158 Nakatani Takeshi, 103-4 Namibia, colonial genocide in, 79-80, 256 Nanjing massacre, 61,70-71, 77, 93,107, 205; Incident, 77. See also Chang, Iris; Honda Katsuichi National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 305 National Association for the Advancement of White People (NAAWP), 305 national communism, 188, 226-29,238, 244-45 National Democracy (Narodowa Demokracja), 226, 231 national history: Eurocentrism and, 152-54; Global Easts and, 153-54; globalization and, 179; “history from below” and Korean, 191-92; imaginative geography and, 173-74; ofJapan, 154-62; Korean origins of, 163-72; nation-state legitimized by, 151-52; in North Korea, 239-41; pan-Asianism as, 189; toyoshi and Japanese, 158-59,182-83; world history to, 180-84 nationalism: anticolonial, as accomplice, 116; appropriation and, 26,75,94,108, 115-16; Bolshevism and Asian, 280-82; after communism in Eastern Europe, 321 226-29; cosmopolitanization of Holocaust and, 115; COVID-19 pandemic and, 304-5; East Asian history books and, 194-98; ethno nationalism, in Poland, 227-28, 231, 234-37, 245, 247Ո34; hikikomori nationalism in Japan, 305-6; history textbooks and, 207-11; Ilseontongjoron and, 185-89; of Kim Il-söng, 66; nomenklatura apparatchik, 226-29, 245; North
Korean communism and, 228, 238; PZPR propaganda and, 234; PZPR using socialist jargon for, 228; regime-dominated narrative in history textbooks and, 222-23; Sukarno on, 63-64; as transnational phenomena, 179; triple victimhood and mnemonic, 114-18; world history and, 180. See also victimhood nationalism nationalist essentialism, 213-16 nationalist phenomenology, 15,18, 205-23 nationalization of memory: antiSemitism and, 66; discrimination of gender and, 68; global memory formation and, 96-97; Holocaust denial and, 96-97; of Holocaust in Belgium, 65; of Holocaust in France, 64-65; of Holocaust in Germany, 65-68; in Japan, 62-64; in Poland, 66-67 national language, 163-64 national liberation, 137,140-41, 244,287, 290 national socialism, 282-83 nation-state: borders of, history books on, 213; as geo-body, 212-13; Korean origins of, 165-66; modernist view of, 214; modernity of, 211; originism of, 216-19,241; primordialist view of, 213-16, 241-43
322 INDEX Nazism: alienating Others in, 260-61; Australian Aborigines denouncing, 60-61; Black Germans and, 103; Brown Orientalism and, 73; colonialism and, 100, 256; COVID-19 pandemic conspiracy theories and, 305; “Hitler’s first victims” and, 46-47; “Hitler’s last victims” and, 47-48; homosexuality criminalized by, 68; Jedwabne massacre and, 27, 38-41; North Korea and, 245; popular sovereignty and, 261; populism and, 302; Prussians and, 47; as response to Bolshevism, 117; South African apartheid and, 103; sovereign dictatorship and, 2; Stalinism compared to, 38, 82; state racism and, 261; “Strength Through Joy” campaign and, 72; Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy and, 48. See also Holocaust Nehru, Jawaharlal, 284 Neighbors (Gross), 15,41-42,76 neoliberalism, 303-4 neopopulism, 300-303 Netanyahu, Benjamin, 95 New History (Robinson), 190 New History ofKorea, A (Lee Ki-baek), 166, 241 New History Textbook, 205-6, 209-11, 216-19 New Negro movement, 102 Nikkei for Civil Rights Redress (NCRR), 112 Nishikawa Masao, 192 NL (National Liberation), 7 Noda Masaaki, 72,81 Nolte, Ernst, 38,116-17, 270Ո13 nomenklatura-apparatchik nationalism, 226-29,245 Non-Aligned Movement, 63 Northeast Asian History Foundation (NAHK), 208 North Korea: anachronism, 243-44; autochthonism, 241-43; Buddhism, 242-43; Civil War and, 237, 285; communism and nationalism in, 228, 238; de-Stalinization in, 239; Guyana performance by artists from, 275-76; Japanese history refuted by, 242; Juche in, 66, 240, 243-44,278; Marxist historicism and, 237; mass games and, 275-78,296n2; national history in, 239-41; Nazism and,
245; originism, 241; primordialist view of nation, 241-43; proletarian internationalism and, 238; “Ten-Year Plan of the Development of Science” in, 238; white supremacy and, 245 Nuremburg and Vietnam (Taylor, T.), 77 Nuremburg tribunal, 77 Occidentalism, 160-61,181, 200; mass dictatorship and, 262-63; Orientalism interplay with, 160-61; Polish, 170-71; toyoshi and, 159 October Revolution, 281 Oe Kenzaburo, 107 Okakura Tenshin, 156,218 Oriental history, 11,158-59,182-83,189 Orientalism: Brown, 73; constraints of, 156; demi-Orientalism, 153-63,172; “East”/“West” and, 131-32; German, 161-63,171; Japanese, 158-62; Japanese national history and, 156-57; Korean, 164-65; Occidentalism interplay with, 161; Ostforschung compared to Japanese, 161-62; Polish, 172; red, 7-8,142,161, 169; Russia and, 73; SCAP and, 70; self-Orientalism, 132,163,288; of “West” proximity, 153 originism, 216-19,241 Oshagan, Ara, 111 Ostforschung (Eastern/Polish studies), 9, 131,161-63,171, 220
INDEX Otsuka Hisao, 135,191-92 Otwock, 229 overcontextualization, in victimhood nationalism, 29,33, 50-51 oxymoron, 3, 228, 244-45, 292, 301, 303 Pacific War, 44-45,74,107,192 Paik Namwoon, 138,142 pan-Asianism, 165,184-85,189 Papon, Maurice, 81 Parents for an Accurate Asian History Education (PAAHE), 31-32 Park Chin-soon, 279-80 Park Chung-hee: Canaan Commonwealth visited by, 35; developmental dictatorship of, 1-5,252; memorial project for, 13-14; state of emergency declared by, 2 particularism: Sonderweg thesis and, 129-31,142-43,146n2; universalism compared to, 6,142-43 Parvus, Alexander (Alexander Helphand), 282-83 passive revolution, of capitalist development, 135-36 “patriotic” world history, 181 PD (People’s Democracy), Ί peculiarity/particularity, Sonderweg thesis and, 129-31,142-43,146n2 people’s history, 215 Pianist (Szpielman), 56n54 Poland: Allied bombing victims in, 72-73; anti-Semitism in, 38-39,66-67, 234-37; anti-Zionism in, 234-37, 247n34; Chechen refugees in, 99; collective memory in postcommunist, 99; colonialism and history of, 97-98; communism in, 11; as “East” and “West,” 8-10; ethno-nationalism in, 227-28, 231, 234-37, 245, 247Ո34; Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia and, 170-71; fascism in, 229; German refugees in,49-50; 323 Hiroshima-Auschwitz Peace March and, 74-75,106-8; internal colonialism and, 98-99; Islamic refugees in, 97-98; Jedwabne massacre and, 27, 38-41; Leninism replacing Stalinism in, 232; Marxism in, “really existing socialism” and, 12-13; nationalism propaganda in, 234; nationalization of memory in, 66-67; People’s Poland (Communist Poland),
4,11,13,15,18, 27,66,100, 230, 239, 244-45, 262; postcolonial view of Holocaust in, 99-101; postcommunist, 4-5; poverty in, 20nl7; proletarian internationalism in, 228-29,233-36; “Regained Land” and, 220, 230; socialism in, 9-12, 171-72; Sonderweg thesis in, 141; Studia Zachodnie in, 9,131-32, 220; victimhood nationalism in, 27,38-42, 93-94; Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and, 40,102; WHP in, 232; ZHP in, 233. See also Holocaust Polish Communist Party (KPP), 229-34 Polish Occidentalism, 170-71 Polish October, 1956,227, 231-33,236 Polish Orientalism, 172 Polish Socialist Party (PPS), 11; Leninism and, 232-33; PZPR accusations against, 229-30; red Orientalism and, 171-72 Polish United Workers’ Party (PZPR), 12, 74,95; on Hiroshima-Auschwitz Peace March, 106; nationalism in socialist jargon of, 228; nationalist propaganda of, 234; PPS accusations of, 229-30 Polish Workers’ Party (PPR), 41, 66 political religion: mass dictatorship and, 263-65; victimhood nationalism and, 105 “Poor Poles look at the ghetto” (Błoński), 40-41, 99. See also secular religion popular sovereignty, 261-65
324 INDEX populism, 300-303 positivist historiography, 166, 207 postcolonialism: African Americans and Jewish connections and, 101-3; agency and responsibility and, 81-82; critical relativization and, 114-18; genocidal complicity and, 80-81; global memory formation and, 116; guilt and, 79-80; on Holocaust, 79-80, 99-101, 256; mass dictatorship in perspectives of, 253-57; Polish views on Holocaust and, 99-101; Sonderweg thesis and, 131-32, 145-46 “postcolonial melancholia,” 306 postmodernism, 8,116 POWs. See prisoners of war PPS. See Polish Socialist Party Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism (2008), 82-83 Prakash, Gyan, 143 Preobrazhensky, Evgenii, 283 primitive socialist accumulation, 283 primordialist view of nation, 213-16, 241-43 prisoners of war (POWs): from Germany in Soviet Union, 65-67, 73; from Japan in Soviet Union, 70-71; sexual exploitation of, 68; victimhood nationalism and, 43 proletarian internationalism: North Korea and, 238; Poland and, 228-29, 233-36 Prussian path: American path compared to, 135,144-45; comprador capitalism and, 140-41; Eurocentrism and, 133; Lenin on, 135,140-41; modernization and, 132-33; Sonderweg thesis and, 130,132,135 Prussians, Nazism and, 47 Putin, Vladimir, 98 PZPR. See Polish United Workers’ Party racism: anti-Semitism compared to, 101; South African apartheid and, 103; state, 261; white victimhood and, 305 radical juxtaposition, 18, 93,116-18 Rafu shimpo, 112 Ramos, Ramiro Ledesman, 292 Ranke, Leopold von, 157,166 Rape ofNanking, The (Chang), 34,77 “really existing socialism,” Polish Marxism and, 12-13 Recent
Travel Around the World, A (Yi Sun-tak), 287 red Orientalism: colonial Sonderweg and, 142; Eurocentrism and, 7-8,169; Japan and, 161; PPS and, 171-72 reflexive self, mass dictatorship and, 268 “Regained Land,” 220,230 relativization, 83; critical, 21,38, 93, 114-18 Renan, Ernest, 26 renationalization of global memory, 96, 120Ո18,211. See also reterritorialization reparation plan, for Jews, 65 resettlement (Umsiedlung) in Cold War, 73-74. See also Vertreibung expulsion resistance: heroic, 251; mass dictatorship and, 265-68; structural, 267 responsibility: answerability and historical, 51-53; collective guilt and historical, 52; political relativization of, 117; postcolonial criticism and, 81-82 reterritorialization, 96,115,118 revisionist history textbooks: constructivism and, 206-7; in Japan, 205-7; in Korea, 207-8; positivist historiography and, 207 Richthofen, Wolfram Freiherr von, 73 Riess, Ludwig, 157 Rise ofGreat Powers, The, 180 Robinson, James Harvey, 190
INDEX Roma, discrimination against, 67-68. See also Sinti Rono-ha, Japanese Marxism, 192 Rosenfeld, Netty, 64 Rosenhaft, Eve, 17,103 Roszkowski, Wojciech, 171 Rothberg, Michael, 84 Russell, Bertrand, 77 Sinanyan, Zareh, 110,112 singularity, Sonderweg thesis and, 131, 145-46 Sino-Japanese War, 158,163,183 Sinti, discrimination against, 67-68 Six-Day War, 1967,37 slavery: African Americans and, 59,93, 116; sexual, 113-14 Russia: capitalist development in, 141; Orientalism and, 73. See also Bolshevism; Soviet Union Russo-Japanese War, 158,163,183 Slavic national movements, 136 Slawson, John, 36 Rwanda, 16,80,113,257 Social-Christian Association, Poland (ChSS), 74 Ryuichi, Narita, 195 sacralization of memory, 28,78-79 Sadeh, Yitzhak, 36 Said, Edward, 9,179 Sakai Naoki, 8-9,62,153 Salomon, Dieter, 113-14 SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks), 2 Samuel, Raphael, 215 Sankei shinbun, 205-6 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 77 Satõ Kyotsū, 106 SCAP (Supreme Command of the Allied Powers), 44-45, 70 Schmitt, Carl, 2, 261,302 SDKPiL (Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania), 11,229-36 secular religion, 264. See also political religion Sekino Tadashi, 167 self-energizing, 267 self-mobilization, 259-60,265-67,284-86 self-Orientalism, 132,163,288 Serbia, 96,108,115. See also Chetnik Seventy Years Declaration, 2012,83 sexual violence, 112-14 Shaltiel, David, 35 Sherwin, Byron K., 39 Shiratori Kurakichi, 158-59 Simon, George, 275 325 Smedley, Agnes, 282 Smith, Angel, 10 Social Darwinism, 165 socialism: Asian nationalists turning to, 280-82; collective subjectivity and, 275-79; in India,
291; Marxist voluntarism and, 284-86; mass games and, 277-78,296n2; modernity and, 144; national, 282-83; in Poland, 9-12, 171-72; PZPR using nationalism in jargon of, 228; as thick ideology, 302; victimhood nationalism and, 276-77; Young Turks and, 282-83. See also Bolshevism social patriotism, 245 So Far from the Bamboo Grove (Watkins), 30-34 Sonderweg thesis, 6,10; colonial, 139-44; dependency and, 140-41; “East” and “West” in, 131; Eurocentrism and, 131-32; Japanese Marxism and origins of, 129-30,161; Korea and, 141-43; Marxist historicism and, 133-39; from national to transnational, 144-46; peculiarity/particularity and, 129-31, 142-43,146n2; in Poland, 141; postcolonialism and, 131-32,145-46; Prussian path and, 130,132,135; singularity and, 131,145-46; underlying assumption of, 129; Whig historiography and, 133-34
326 INDEX Sono Ayako, 109 South African apartheid, 103 South Korea. See Korea sovereign dictatorship: Nazism and, 2; popular sovereignty and, 261-65; representation and legitimacy of, 262. See also decisionist democracy Soviet Union: Europa ŚrodkowoWschodnia and, 170-71; fall of, 92-93; fascism and, 293-94; Five-Year Plans and growth of, 283-84; forced modernization and, 278-79; German POWs in, 65-67, 73; Japanese POWs in, 70-71; Soviet-Polish War, 230. See also Bolshevism; Russia Spain, fascism in, 292 Stakhanovites, 284 Stalinism: class struggle and, 231; developmental strategy of, 263; domination and, 259; Leninism replacing, 232; Marxism and, 283; Nazism compared to, 38,82; North Korea and de-Stalinization, 239; Polish October and, 232; Polish proletarian internationalism and, 230-31; primitive socialist accumulation and, 283 Stalinist crimes, 83, 92-93,96,230 state racism, 261 Stefanek, Stanislaw, 41 Steinbach, Erika, 49,75 Steinlauf, Michael, 40 Stockholm Declaration, 75-76 Stone, Lawrence, 5 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), 2 “Strength Through Joy” campaign, 72 Studia Zachodnie (Western/German studies), 9,131-32,220 subaltern empire, 98,139 subjectivity: collective, socialism and, 275-79; Juche and, 66, 240, 243-44, 278 Sukarno, 63-64, 291 Sun Yatsen, 184 Sweezy, Paul, 6,134 Świda-Ziemba, Hanna, 41 Sznaider, Natan, 96 Szpielman, Wladyslaw, 56n54 Taiping Rebellion, 136-37 Takahashi Kõhachirõ, 6,135. See also Kõza-ha Taketani Etsuko, 102 Taylor, A. J. P., 133 Taylor, Telford, 77 technological modernity, 143-44 terror, mass dictatorship and, 264 testimonies, in
critical memory, 77-78 Theses on Feuerbach (Marx), 286 Third World Marxism, 144 Toadyism, 237, 239 Tormey, Simon, 258 totalitarianism: democracy and, 257-58; fuzzy, 269; post-totalitarianism, 259; surveillance and, 306 toyoshi, Japanese national history and, 158-59,182-83 traditionalism, mass dictatorship and, 255 transnational memory: Australian Aborigines and, 60-61; dictatorship and, 252; globalization and, 16-17; Historikerstreit and, 76; history textbooks, nationalism and, 15; Holocaust in, 18,60-62; Korean comfort women commemoration and, 59-60; mass dictatorship and, 19; victimhood nationalism and politics of, 17-18,28-29. See also victimhood nationalism Treitschke, Heinrich von, 162 Trevelyan, G. Μ., 215 triple victimhood, mnemonic nationalism and, 114-18 Trotsky(֊ist), 137,230,281 Trump, Donald, 300,305 Tsuda Sõkichi, 157
INDEX 327 Ulbricht, Walter, 73-74 Union of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy (ZBoWid), 247n26 Universal History on the Basis ofGeography (Goodrich), 182 universalism, particularism compared to, 6,142-43 bombings in Poland, 72-73; victimizers compared to, 42-43; white victimhood, 305 Vietnam and Vietnamese, 99,106-7,195; My Lai, 61, 71; War, 71, 77, 93,113 View ofNational History, 154-55,182 Viseur-Sellers, Patricia, 113 voluntarism, Marxist, 228, 240,284-86 vulgarization, global memory formation and, 95-96 Vajda, Mihály, 170 Vertreibung expulsion, 16, ЗО, 73 victimhood nationalism: anti-Semitism and, 38; collective guilt and, 26-27; concept of, 15-16, 27; diaspora communities and, 54n20; exculpatory memory of, 52-53,71; gender and, 25; in Germany, 46-49,75; global memory culture and, 25-29; history textbooks and, 216; Holocaust and, 33,37-41; in Japan, 43-46,75,105; justificatory memory and, 71; Korean, in global memory space, 114; moral remembrance and, 26; opposing forces in, 38; overcontextualization and decontextualization in, 29,51; in Poland, 27,38-42,93-94; political religion and, 105; in post-Fascist Italy, 50-51; POWs and, 43; sacralization of memory and, 28; socialism and, 276-77; transnational memory politics and, 17-18, 28-29. See also hereditary victimhood victims: of Allied bombings in Germany, 72-74, 93; Austrians as, 46-47; Axis powers as self-proclaimed, 68-69; German refugees in Poland and Czech Republic as, 49-50; global memory space recognition battles for, 25-26; “Hitler’s first victims,” 46-47; “Hitler’s last victims,” 47-48; Japan as atom bomb,
43-44,69-71; of Nazi Wałęsa, Lech, 1,8 Walicki, Andrzej, 259, 294 Wannsee Conference (1942), 83 Warren, Bill, 137 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 37,40, 96,102 Warschawski, Michel, 37 Wasersztajn, Szmuel, 78, 90n66 Wat, Aleksander, 172 Watanabe Shoichi, 75 Watkins, Yoko Kawashima, 30-34,48 Weber, Eugene, 262 Weidauer, Walter, 74 Weinberg, Werner, 35 Weizsäcker, Richard von, 152 welfare chauvinism, 303 welfare dictatorship, 81, 270n8,303 Weitzel, Hans, 17 “West”: Global Easts arising from displacement of, 10-11; as imaginative geography, 9,173-74, 254-55; neopopulism and, 300-303; Orientalism and, 131-32; Orientalism by proximity to, 153; Poland as “East” and, 8-10; in Sonderweg thesis, 131 “Western Civilization,” history of, 181 Western history: overcome by, 189-94; overcoming, 184-89 Western History Review, 21Ո19 Whig historiography, 133-34 white supremacy: African American and Japanese solidarity against, 102; Turner, Alf, 60 Turner, Henry, Jr., 292
328 INDEX white supremacy (continued) Holocaust denial and, 61; North Korea and, 245 white victimhood, 305 Wieluń, 72-73 Wilhelm Gustlofftragedy, 48 Wilsey, David, 105 Wojnarowska, Cezaryna, 235-36 Wolff, Larry, 130 Women’s International War Crimes Tribunal on Japan’s Military Sexual Slavery, 113 world capitalism, Eurocapitalism compared to, 145-46 world history: Asiacentric, 181,189,199; decentering, 199-201; Eurocentric, 181, 199; global historians, 199; Japanese textbooks on, 182-83,190-91,200-201; Keizo Imperial University teaching, 188-89; Korean textbooks on, 183-84, 190,200; to national history, 180-84; nationalism and, 180; “patriotic,” 181; post-war school curricula on, 189-90; tripartite structure of, 190 World War II. See Holocaust; Nazism; Pacific War Wroński, Stanislaw, 235 Wydział Historii Partii (WHP), 232 Wyrzykowska, Antonina, 41 Yamahata Yosuke, 46 Yanagi Muneyoshi, 167-68 Yang Chil-sung, 64 Year ofImpossible Goodbyes (Choi), 33-34 “Yellow Peril,” 305 Yeom Tae-young, 113-14 Yi Sun-tak, 287-90, 293 Yonehara Mari, 71-72 Young Turks, 282-83 Yugoslavia, 16,106,108,113 Zakład Historii Partii (ZHP), 233 Załuski, Zbigniew, 234 Zasulich, Vera, 281 Zinoviev, Grigory, 280 Zionism: Holocaust appropriation and, 83; Polish anti-Zionism, 234-37, 247Ո34 Z Pola Walki, 235 Zwigenberg, Ron, 106 Żydokomuna (Judeo-communism), 38,98 Bayerische QtaatahihHnthAk |
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| author | Im, Chi-hyŏn 1959- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)143905376 |
| author_facet | Im, Chi-hyŏn 1959- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Im, Chi-hyŏn 1959- |
| author_variant | c h i chi |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048275035 |
| classification_rvk | MG 85030 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1344243125 (DE-599)BVBBV048275035 |
| discipline | Politologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Politologie |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd Südkorea (DE-588)4078029-6 gnd Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd Ostasien (DE-588)4075727-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russland Polen Südkorea Osteuropa Ostasien |
| id | DE-604.BV048275035 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T20:00:16Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:33:53Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780231206761 9780231206778 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033655223 |
| oclc_num | 1344243125 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-20 DE-29 |
| owner_facet | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-20 DE-29 |
| physical | x, 328 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220706 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Columbia University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Asia perspectives: history, society, and culture |
| spelling | Im, Chi-hyŏn 1959- Verfasser (DE-588)143905376 aut Global Easts remembering, imagining, mobilizing Jie-Hyun Lim New York Columbia University Press [2022] x, 328 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Asia perspectives: history, society, and culture Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Geschichtsbewusstsein (DE-588)4020526-5 gnd rswk-swf Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 gnd rswk-swf Geschichtsbild (DE-588)4071769-0 gnd rswk-swf Osten Motiv (DE-588)4448496-3 gnd rswk-swf Postkolonialismus (DE-588)4566658-1 gnd rswk-swf Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Südkorea (DE-588)4078029-6 gnd rswk-swf Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd rswk-swf Ostasien (DE-588)4075727-4 gnd rswk-swf Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 g Ostasien (DE-588)4075727-4 g Geschichtsbild (DE-588)4071769-0 s Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 s Osten Motiv (DE-588)4448496-3 s Geschichte z DE-604 Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Südkorea (DE-588)4078029-6 g Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 s Geschichtsbewusstsein (DE-588)4020526-5 s Postkolonialismus (DE-588)4566658-1 s Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-231-55664-4 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033655223&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033655223&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Im, Chi-hyŏn 1959- Global Easts remembering, imagining, mobilizing Geschichtsbewusstsein (DE-588)4020526-5 gnd Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 gnd Geschichtsbild (DE-588)4071769-0 gnd Osten Motiv (DE-588)4448496-3 gnd Postkolonialismus (DE-588)4566658-1 gnd Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4020526-5 (DE-588)4020531-9 (DE-588)4071769-0 (DE-588)4448496-3 (DE-588)4566658-1 (DE-588)4200793-8 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4046496-9 (DE-588)4078029-6 (DE-588)4075739-0 (DE-588)4075727-4 |
| title | Global Easts remembering, imagining, mobilizing |
| title_auth | Global Easts remembering, imagining, mobilizing |
| title_exact_search | Global Easts remembering, imagining, mobilizing |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Global Easts remembering, imagining, mobilizing |
| title_full | Global Easts remembering, imagining, mobilizing Jie-Hyun Lim |
| title_fullStr | Global Easts remembering, imagining, mobilizing Jie-Hyun Lim |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global Easts remembering, imagining, mobilizing Jie-Hyun Lim |
| title_short | Global Easts |
| title_sort | global easts remembering imagining mobilizing |
| title_sub | remembering, imagining, mobilizing |
| topic | Geschichtsbewusstsein (DE-588)4020526-5 gnd Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 gnd Geschichtsbild (DE-588)4071769-0 gnd Osten Motiv (DE-588)4448496-3 gnd Postkolonialismus (DE-588)4566658-1 gnd Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichtsbewusstsein Geschichtsschreibung Geschichtsbild Osten Motiv Postkolonialismus Kollektives Gedächtnis Russland Polen Südkorea Osteuropa Ostasien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033655223&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033655223&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT imchihyon globaleastsrememberingimaginingmobilizing |