A critical reader in Central Asian studies: 40 years of Central Asian Survey
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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London ; New York
Routledge
2022
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| Schriftenreihe: | Central Asian studies
42 |
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| Beschreibung: | viii, 210 Seiten 25,3 cm |
| ISBN: | 1032060190 9781032060194 9781032060217 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Notes on contributors Acknowledgements Introduction: 40 Years of Central Asian Survey, Rico Isaacs Section 1: History ix x 1 10 Introduction: critical appraisal, Mikhail Akulov Excerpts The Russian conquest of Central Asia (1982), Vol. 1, issue 2-3, Mehmet Saray 14 The role of the pristavstvo institution in the context of Russian imperial policies in the Kazakh Steppe in the nineteenth century (2014), Vol. 33, issue 1, Gulmira Sultangalieva 17 The creation of Soviet Central Asia: the 1924 national delimitation (1995), Vol. 14, issue 2, Steven Sabol 21 Humans as territory:forced resettlement and the making of Soviet Tajikistan, 1920-1938 (2011), Vol. 30, issue 3—4, Botakoz Kassymbekova 23 Marriage, modernity, and the “friendship of nations”: interethnic intimacy in post-war Central Asia in comparative perspective (2007), Vol. 26, issue 4, Adrienne Lynn Edgar 25 Section 2: Identity and nationalism Introduction: critical appraisal, Kristoffer Rees Excerpts The politics of identity change in Soviet Central Asia (1984), Vol. 3, issue 3, S. Enders Wimbush 3 6 Creating national identity in socialist Mongolia (1998), Vol. 17, issue 1, Christopher Kaplonski 38 Imagined communities: Kazakh nationalism and Kazakhification in the 1990s (1999), Vol. 18, issue 3, Azamat Sarsembayev 40 Nationalism as a geopolitical phenomenon: the Central Asian case (2001), Vol. 20, issue 2, FarkhodTolipov 42 Global Astana: nation branding as a legitimization toolfor authoritarian regimes (2015), Vol. 34, issue 1, Adrien Fauve 46 32
vi Contents Section 3: Islam 53 Introduction: critical appraisal, Galym Zhussipbek Excerpts Islam in Soviet central Asia, 1917—1930: Soviet policy and the struggle for control (1992), Vol. 11, issue 1, Shoshana Keller 59 Soviet Islam since the invasion ofAfghanistan (1982), Vol. 1, issue 1, Alexandre Bennigsen 62 Islamic revival in the Central Asian Republics (1994), Vol. 13, issue 2, Mehrdad Haghayeghi 64 The logic of Islamic practice: a religious conflict in Central Asia (2006), Vol. 25, issue 3, Sergei Abashin 66 Islamic discourses in Azerbaijan: the securitization of “non-traditional religious movements” (2018), Vol. 37, issue 1, Galib Bashirov 72 Section 4: Governing and the state 78 Introduction: critical appraisal, Assel Tutumlu Excerpts Sharaf Rashidov and the dilemmas of national leadership (1986), Vol. 5, issue 3—4, Gregory Gleason 82 Authoritarian political development in Central Asia: the case ofTurkmenistan (1995), Vol. 14, issue 4, John Anderson 83 Tajikistan amidst globalization: state failure or state transformation? (2011), Vol. 30, issue ï, John Heathershaw 86 Disorder over the border: spinning the spectre of instability through time and space in Central Asia (2018), Vol. 37, issue 1, Natalie Koch 90 Section 5: Informal institutions 98 Introduction: critical appraisal, Dina Sharipova Excerpts ‘Tribalism’ and identity in contemporary circumstances: the case of Kazakstan (1998), Vol. 17, issue 3, Saulesh Esenova 102 Neopatrimonialism, interest groups and patronage networks: the impasses of the governance system in Uzbekistan (2007), Vol. 26, issue 1, Alisher
Ilkhamov 106 Theories on Central Asian factionalism: the debate in political science and its wider implications (2007), Vol. 23, issue 3, David Gullette 108 Political and social networks in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan: ‘clan’, region and beyond (2009), Vol. 28, issue 3, İdil Tunçer-Kılavuz 112 Section 6: Contentious politics Introduction: critical appraisal, Asel Doolotkeldieva Excerpts Central Asian riots and disturbances, 1989-1990: causes and context (1991), Vol. 10, issue 3, Yaacov Ro’i 121 118
Contents vii Networks, localism and mobilization in Aksy, Kyrgyzstan (2005), Vol. 24, issue 4, Scott Radnitz 124 Poetry of witness: Uzbek identity and the response toAndijon (2007), Vol. 26, issue 3, Sarah Kendzior 126 The dynamics of regime change: domestic and international factors in the ‘Tulip Revolution1 (2008), Vol. 2 7, issue 3—4, David Lewis 129 Post-violence regime survival and expansion in Kazakhstan and Tajikistan (2016), Vol. 35, issue 4, Erica Marat 131 Section 7: Gender 139 Introduction: critical appraisal, Nodira Kholmatova Excerpts The politics ofgender and the Soviet paradox: neither colonized, nor modern? (2007), Vol. 26, issue 4, Deniz Kandiyoti 143 Making the ‘empowered woman’: exploring contradictions in gender and development programming in Kyrgyzstan (2018), Vol. 37, issue 2, Elena Kim, Asel Myrzabekova, Elena Molchanova 8c OlhaYarova 146 Women ofprotest, men of applause: political activism, gender and tradition in Kyrgyzstan (2019), Vol. 38, issue 3, Judith Beyer Aijarkyn Kojobekova 149 What’s in a name? The personal and political meanings of‘LGBT’for non-heterosexual and transgender youth in Kyrgyzstan (2010), Vol. 29, issue 4, Cai Wilkinson Anna Kirey 152 Section 8: Everyday life 161 Introduction: critical appraisal, Rano Turaeva Excerpts Household networks and the security of mutual indebtedness in rural Kazakhstan (1998), Vol. 17, issue 4, Cynthia Werner 164 Staying put? Towards a relational politics of mobility at a time of migration (2011), Vol. 30, issue 3—4, Madeleine Reeves 166 Wedding rituals and the struggle over national identities
(2011), Vol. 30, issue 1, Sophie Roche Sophie Hohmann 169 ‘How can I be post-Soviet if I was never Soviet?’ Rethinking categories of time and social change — a perspective from Kulob, southern Tajikistan (2015), Vol. 34, issue 2, Diana Ibañez-Tirado 172 Section 9: Regional and global perspectives Introduction: critical appraisal, Zhanibek Arynov Excerpts Virtual regionalism, regional structures, and regime security in Central Asia (2008), Vol. 27, issue 2, Roy Allison 185 Regime security, base politics, and rent-seeking: the local and global political economies of the American air base in Kyrgyzstan, 2001—2010 (2015), Vol. 34, issue 1, Kemel Toktomushev 187 181
viii Contents Blurring the line between licit and illicit: transnational corruption networks in Central Asia and beyond (2015), Vol. 34, issue 1, Alexander Cooley J. C. Sharman 191 ‘Thoroughly reforming them towards a healthy heart attitude’: China’s political re-education campaign in Xinjiang (2019), Vol. 38, issue 1, Adrian Zenz 195 Index 205
Index Aalam Services Ltd 188,189,190 Abashin, Sergei 56-8 Abdildin, Serikbokyn 41 Abdudjabbar-mahsum 67 Abdukahhar-mahsum 67 Abdulbori-mahsum 70 Abdullo, Mullo 132 Abdumumin-mahsum 67,68,70,71 Ablyazov, Mukhtar 49 affirmative action 24 Afghanistan 23,25,45; Soviet invasion 62 Ahmedov, Hazrat 129,136 Akayev, Aidar 188,189 Akayev (Akaev), Askar 8, 65,108,110,129,130, 131,183,189,190,192 Akiner, Shirin 43,112 aksakalsl, 141,142,149,152 Alash Orda party 104 Alexander II (Tsar) 15,16 Aliev, Haidar 64 Allison, Roy 181-2,183,184,185-7 American Civil War 16 Amnesty International 84 Anderson, Benedict 40,128-9 Anderson, John 79,80, 83-6 Arabic script 37 Aral Sea 45 “archival revolution” 10 Armenians 122 Ashirov, Borubek 187 Atkin, Μ. 112 authoritarianism 46-50,80, 81,83-6, 99,119, 120,121,182,192 AvCard 188,189 Azerbaidzhan (Azerbaijan) 63, 64,122; securitization of non-traditional Islamic groups 58,72-4 Babanov, Omurbek 189 Baisalov, Edil 129 Baker, James 84 Bakiyev, Kurmanbek 8,183,192,193 banking 48-9 Banuazizi, Ali 43 Barrett, Thomas 19 Bashirov, Galib 58,72-4 Beknazarov, Azimbek 118,124-6,189,190 Bektan 48-9 Belt and Road Initiative 8,181,184,196 Bennigsen, Alexandre 1, 37, 55, 62-4 Bennigsen Broxup, Marie 2 Beyer, Judith 139,141,149-52 Billig, Μ. 48,50 Birlik party 57,123-4 birth rates 140,143-4 Bohr, Annette 83,86 Bokheviks 11,14,21,22-3, 34, 37 Bourdieu, Pierre 70 Bromlei, Iulian 25-6 Buddhism 38,39 Buttino, Marco 11 Buzan, Barry 43 Carpenter, Lt. Col. Joe 189 Caucasus region 15,18,19-20,21,122; Islam 62, 72-3 celebrities 46 Central Asian Cooperation Organization (CACO)
185,186 Central Asian Commonwealth 45 Central Asian Economic Community (CAEC) 185,186 Central Asian Review 1 Central Asian studies 3-4 Central Asian Survey 1-4 Chen Quanguo 195,196 child fostering 165 China 2,3,8,16; Belt and Road Initiative 181,184,196; Falun Gong 197; political re-education 196-7; Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) 181,183—4, 195-200 Chokayev, Mustafa 22 civil society organizations 131,133,134 civil war 131,132
206 Index clan networks 98, 99,100-1,102,106,107-8, 109-13 ColdWar 10 Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) 182,185,187 collectivization 106,144,145 Collins, Kathleen 100,108,109-11,113 colour revolutions 120,130,182 Commonwealth of Independent States 162 Conquest, Robert 11 contentious politics 6,118-21; post-violence regime survival 131-5; protests see protests Cooley, Alexander 181,182-3,184,185-95 corruption 8,80,91,99,106,107, 111, 121,128, 131,133,135; brokers 194-5; measures 191-2; offshore world 192-4 cotton cultivation 16,145 Cranston, Alan 84 Crimean War 15 “cultural advancement” 11 cultural imperialism 38 Cyrillic script 37 Dadaev,A. 24 De Weese, D. 54 decolonial approaches 163-4 democracy 79-80,81 Deutsch, Karl 44 development programming 146-9 dialects 114 dissent 120 dissident poetry 119,126-9 disturbances see protests DLA Energy 188-9 donor-fonded third sector 153-4 Dragadze, T. 145 drug smuggling 45,135 Dzhumadildayev, Anuar 193 economic survival 162,164-6 Edgar, Adrienne Lynn 11,12,13-14,25-7 education 37,39,168-9,177 ehtes 12,13,34,40,42, 47, 55,80,88,89,100, 101,104,105,110, 111, 113,115,120,135, 181,183; kleptocracy 191—2 Ergash-haji 69,70,71,72 Erk party 123-4,135,136 Esenova, Saulesh 98-9,102-6 ethnic boundaries 11-12,14,21-3,27 ethnic tensions 85 ethnography 46,47,48,146 Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC) 182, 185,186 Evans-Pritchard, E. 110 everyday Ufe 7,161-4; household networks 162, 164—6; mobility and migration 162,166-9, 170; wedding rituals 163,169-72 factionalism 99-100,107,108-12 failed states 86-90 Falun Gong 197 family policy 143-4
Fantasia, Kathryn 189 Fatullaoglu, A. 63 Fauve, Adrien 35-6, 46-50 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 189-90 feminist scholars 166 Fergana (Ferghana) Valley 6,23, 26, 56, 64, 65,66, 122 Ferguson, J. 149 fertility rates 140,143-4 Foucault, Michel 195 Frank, A. 54 “friendship of nations” 25-7 Gellner, Ernest 33 gender 7,139-43; emotional labour burden 147-8; feminist scholars 166; gender roles 141, 144,149,162-3; Islamic observance and 67-8, 146,168; labour markets and 162,167-9; LGBTQI people 142,152-6; patriarchal system 162-3; political participation and 141,149-52; Soviet paradox 139-40,143-6, 162,167; tradition and 141,143,144,149; women; protestors 125-6,150-2; women’s empowerment 140-1,146-9,163 genealogical knowledge 100 Georgia 91,122,145 Ghani, Ashraf 87 Giffen,James 194 glasnost 2,122,127,145 Gleason, Gregory 78, 82-3 global challenges 162 Global Governance Indicators 191 global perspectives 8,181-5; corruption see corruption; rent-seeking politics 181, 183, 187-90; transnational corruption networks 181,182-3,191-5; see also regional; perspectives/regionalism GlobalWitness 193,194 globalization 80 Gorchakov, Prince Alexander Konstantinovich 16-17 governance 5; authoritarianism 46—50,80,81, 83-6,99,119,120,121,182,192; democracy 79-80; liberalization 79,81, 91; national leadership 82-3; Soviet Union 78,82,83; Stability 81,83,90,91 Great Silk Road 45 Gullette, David 99-100,108-12 Haghayeghi, Mehrdad 55,56 Hasanov, Dadaxon 119,126-9,136 Haugen, Arne 13 Heathershaw,John 80, 86-90
Index Helsinki Watch 84 Henry, James 193 heterochrony 176 Heyderov, Seyavush 73 Hirsch, Francine 13,25 history 4,10-14; Cold War 10 (see also Soviet Union); decolonial approaches 163-4; geopolitical players 10-11; heterochrony 176; imperial policies 17-21; national delimitation 11,21-3,26,27, 42; periodization 12,161,162, 172-6; post-war “friendship of nations” 25-7; Russian conquests 14-17 Hoagland, Richard 89 Hodjibaev, Abdurahim 24 Hohmann, Sophie 163 Houráni, Albert 103 household networks 162,164—6 human rights 57, 59, 73, 79,84,133 Human RightsWatch 155 Humphrey, C. 145 Hunter, Shireen 42-3 laroslavskii (Yaroslavsky) .Yemelyan 60 Ibañez-Tirado, Diana 161,162,172-6 identity see national identity Ilkhamov, Alisher 99,106-8,112 informal institutions 6,98-101; clan networks 98, 99,100-1,102,106,107-8,109-13; factionalism 99-100,107,108-12; kinship ties 98-9,100,101,108,110, 111, 113; neopatrimonialism 99,106-8; patronage networks 99,100,101,106-8,112-13; regionalism 108,113-15; tribalism 64-5, 86, 98-9,102-6,108-9 interethnic marriages 11-12,14,25-7 International Crisis Group (ICG) 87,88, 89,90 International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) 187 Iran 23 Isaacs, Rico 99 Islam 5, 33,36-7,186; bu-otins 67-8,146; Caucasian conquest 15; gendered roles 67-8, 146, 168; hajts 68-70, 71; human rights and 57, 59,73; Kazakhstan 102-3; mahsums 67-9, 71; “miras” movement 55; revival 55-6,58, 64-6, 85; rituals 65,66—72, 75; Salafism 57, 72; securitization of non-traditional Islamic groups 58, 72—4; Soviet anti-Islamic policies 53-5, 59-64,145-6; Sufism 54, 55,61,62, 63, 64; tribalism
64-5; wedding rituals 171; see also Muslims Islamic fundamentalism 45, 56,57,58,85, 90 Islamic Renaissance Party ofTajikistan 134,135 Jahonov, Usto 167 Jones Luong, Pauline 100,108-9,110 207 Jumaev, Yusuf 119 Junior Horde 17,18,20 Kabeer, N. 148 Kamolov (Kornilov),Jamol 119 Kamp, Marianne 167,168 Kandiyoti, Deniz 2,139-40,141,143-6 Kaplonski, Christopher 33,34,38-40 Karimov, Islam 45, 57,90,91-3,99,106-8,119, 127,128,182,185,186,192 Karimova, Gulnara 192 Kassymbekova, Botakoz 12,13,14, 23-5 Kazakh Steppe 12,17-21, 34,102 Kazakhification 40-2 Kazakhstan: Alash Orda party 104; Astana as national brand 36,46-50; corruption 191, 192-3,194; economic situation 42; ehtes 12,13,40, 42,47; governance 81; household networks and; mutual indebtedness 162, 164-6,176-7; Islam 102-3; Islamic revival 62-3, 65; kinship ties 111, 112; national identity 34-5,36, 40-2, 45; nomadism 102-3; population structure 106; relationship with Uzbekistan 186-7; Soviet anti-Islamic policies 62-3,74; tribalism 98-9,102-6 Keller, Shoshana 53,54, 59-62 Kendzior, Sarah 119,120 Khalid, Adeeb 13,33 Khanates 12,17,19,20,37,102,128 Khazanov, A. 103 Khlevniuk, Oleg 12 Khodarkovsky, Michael 19 Khokand 16 Kim, Elena 139,140,141,146-9 kinship ties 98-9,100,101,108,110, 111, 113, 145,163 KireyAnna 139,142,152-6 kleptocracy 191-2 Koch, Natalie 80,81, 90-3 Kojobekova,Aijarkyn 139,141,149-52 Kornilov (Kamolov),Jamol 119 Kropp, Linda 188 Kulibaeva, Dinara 192 Kulibayev, Timur 49,192 Kulov, Felix 187 Kunaev, Dinmuhammed 62-3 Kuo Tao-Fu 39 Kutliev, Jamal 129,136 Kyrgyzstan 65, 81,84,91-2,110-11,119,121; aksakals
7,141,142,149,152;Aksy region 118, 124-6; corruption 191, 192,193; education 168-9,177; gender and public participation 141-2; LGBTQI people 142,152-6; Manos airbase 181, 183,187-90; mobility and migration 162,166-9; OBON 150-2,157;
208 Index Sokh region 162,167-9,177;Tulip Revolution 91,118,120,129-31,150,189; women’s political participation 141,149-52 labour markets 162,167-9 Labrys 142,152-6,157 Lemercier-Quelquejay, C. 37 Lenin,Vladimir IHch 21,22,60 Levshin, Alexei 13 Lewis, David 120,121,129-31 LGBTQI people 142,152-6 hberalization 79,81,91 Lieberman, Edward 190 Lieven, Dominic 19 literacy 24,56,124,140,143 localism 119,120,124-6 Lockhart, Clare 87 Lubin, N. 144 Manas airbase 181,183,187-90 Manas International Services (MIS) 188,189 Marat, Erica 120, 131-5 marriage patterns: interethnic marriages 11-12, 14,25-7,169—72;Tajikistan 163,169-72 migration 162,166-9,170 Martin, Terry 11,12,23 Marxism 60 Megoran, N. 90 Middle Eastern Societies 98,102,105,107 Mirziyoyev, Shavkat 101 mixed marriages 11-12,14,25-7 mobility 162,166-9,170 modernization 78-9 Molchanova, Elena 139,140,146-9 money laundering 183,190,195 Mongolia: national identity 5,32,33-4, 38-40 Mosse, D. 149 Muslims 11,14, 36-7; Xinjiang province 184, 195-200 see also Islam mutual indebtedness 162,164-6 Myrzabekova,Asel 139,140,146-9 Nastayev, Aleksandr 188,189 national delimitation 21-3,42 national flags 46, 47,50 national identity 4, 5,32-8,42-6; Astana as national brand 36,46-50; Central Asian integration 43-5; Kazakhstan 34-5,36, 40-2,45,46-50; Mongolia 33-4, 38-40; self identification 38,44; supranationalism 44; Tajikistan 88; tribalism 86 national leadership 82-3 national security 43-4 native elites 12,13,34,40,42, 47,88,104,105, 110,111,181 Nazarbayev,Nursultan 40,41,45,47,49, 111, 185,186,192,194 Nazarbayeva, Dariya 192 neoliberal
reforms 119,121 neopatrimonialism 99,106-8,181 ‘New Great Game’ 181,183,184 NGOs 131,133,134,151,193; contradictions in gender and development programming 146-9; donor-funded third sector 153-4 Nicholas I (Tsar) 14—15 Niyazov, Saparmurat 79-80, 83, 84, 85,86,192 nomadism 5,12,16,17,18,19,21,22,43,98, 102-3 nostalgia 161,173 offshore companies 188,190,192-4 Olcott, Martha 104 Ottoman Empire 105 Oxford Analytica (OA) 89 Parfi, Rauf 127 patriarchal system 162-3 patronage systems 99,100,101,112-13 perestroika 110 Persian language 23-4, 43 Piedmont Principle 23 Pipes, Richard 11 poetry 119,126-9 Poliakov, P. 144 police reform 133-5 post-structuralism 12 pristaľstvo 12-13,17-21,27 protectionism 105 protests 118,119,121-6,127;Andijon 119, 126-9,130;Tulip Revolution 91,118,120, 129-31,150; women protestors 125-6,150-2 Pulatov, Timur 123 Radnitz, Scott 100,118,119,121,124-6 Rakhmon (Rahmon), Imomali 131-4, 192,200 Ramiz, Mannon (Abdullaev) 60-2,74 Rashidov, Sharaf 78,79, 82-3,106-7,115 Rasht Valley 118,120,131-4 Red Star Enterprises Ltd 189 Reeves, Madeleine 2,162,166-9 refugees 92 regime security 182,185-90 regional perspectives/regionalism 7-8,108, 113-15,181-2;‘protective integration’ 182,185; regime security 182,185-90; regional organizations 181-2,185-7;‘virtual regionalism’ 181,185,186; Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) 181,183—4, 195-200 ‘religious extremism’ 118,195,197,199 religious observance see Islam; Muslims rent-seeking politics 181,183,187-90 riots see protests Roberts, Sean 195
Index Robinson, Ronald 19 Roche, Sophie 163,171 Ro’i,Yaacov 118,121-4 Rostan, Aram 190 Roy, 0.141,144 Rueschemeyer, E. 87 Russia: expansion 14-17; imperial policies 12-13,17-21; membership of Central Asian; Cooperation Organization (CACO) 185-6; ‘New Great Game’ 181,183,184; Uzbekistan’s realignment with 182; see also Soviet Union Russian interference 118,121-2,124,135 Russian language 38,85-6,169 Russification 11,13 Sabel, Steven 11,13,14,21-3 Said, Edward 56 Salafism 57,72 Salamatov, Muhhamedmurad 84 Saparmat-domla 67, 68,69,72 Saray, Mehmet 10,11,12,13,14-17 Sarsembayer, Azamat 34-5, 40-2 Schatz,Edward 100,108, 111, 112 Schiller, N. 87 Scott, J. 112,172 self-determination 23,104 Senior Horde 17,18,19,20,21 Shamil the Avar 15 Shangai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 182, 185 Sharman, Jason 181,182-3,184,185-95 shell companies 194 Siberia 145 Skocpol,T. 87 Slezkine.Yuri 25 social networking 162,165—6 social unrest 83-4,123; see also protests ‘Soviet Nationalities’ 1,11,33 Soviet Union: anti-Islamic policies 53-5, 59-64,145-6; border anxieties 12; Brezhnev era 25,26,110; central leadership 82,83, 105; collapse 10,11,78,79; collectivization 106,144,145; command economy 139, 143; ethnic boundaries 11-12, 14,21-3; forced resettlement 23-5; imperialism 78-9,94՛,glasnost 2,122,127,145; invasion ofAfghanistan 62; korenizatsiya 109, 110; modernization and technological advancement 162,173; national delimitation 11,21-3,26, 27,42; ‘New Soviet Man’ 33,38; nomenklatura 40,41; nostalgia 161,173; paradoxical gender outcomes in Central Asia 139,143-6,162, 167; perestroika 110;
protectionism 105, Russian interference in Central Asia 118,121-2,124, 135; Tajikistan 12,13,14,23-5 sportsmen 46,48 Ssorin-Chaikhov, N. 174,176 209 stability 81, 83,90, 91 Stahn, Joseph 21,24, 37,42, 59 state building 90,94,99 state failure 86-90 statehood 5; authoritarianism 46-50,80, 81, 83-6, 99,119,120,121,182,192; democracy 79-80, 81; national leadership 82-3; Soviet Union 78, 82,83 Sufism 54, 55, 57,61, 62,63,64 Suleymenov, Olzhas 41 Sultangaliev (Sultan-Galiev), Mirsaid (Mirza) 36 Sultangalieva, Gulmira 12,13,14,17-21 supranationalism 44 Tajik Aluminium Company 80 Tajikistan 14; corruption 191,192,193; forced resettlement 23-5; Islamic revival 66; Kulob; region 172-6; political Islam 57; post-violence regime survival 131-5; Rasht Valley 118,120, 131-4; regional identities 113-15; Soviet and post-Soviet 161,172—6; state failure 86-90; wedding practices and marriage patterns 163, 169-72 Tang Hui 196 Tasar, Eren 54,55 Tax Justice Network 193 Tazhin, Marat 180 terrorism 57,74,90,92,128,133,181 textile industry 16 Thomas, Alun 12 Toigonbayev, Adil 188 Tokhtahodjaeva, Μ. 145 Toktomushev, Kernel 181,183,185,187-90 Tolipov, Farkhod 35 Totalitarian school 11 traditional culture 141,143,144,149 Transparency International 191 tribalism 64-5, 86,98-9, 102-6,108-9 Tucker, N. 56 Tulip Revolution 91,118,120,129-31, 150,189 Tunçer-Kılavuz, İdil 100-1,112vl5 Turkic languages 43 Turkmenistan: corruption 191, 192,193; governance 79-80, 83-6; Islamic revival 65; Soviet; anti-Islamic policies 62, 63 Ukraine 14,91,193 Union of the Central Asian States (CAU) 186 United States: Manas
airbase 181,183,187-90; war on terrorism 181 Usenov, Daniyar 190 Uyama, Tomohiko 19 Uyghurs 181,183-4,195-200 Uzbekistan 23,24,26,27,32, 33,38,42-3,45; Andijon protests 119,126-9,130,182; Birlik
210 Index party 57,123—4; corruption 191; dissident poetry 119,126-9; Erk party 123-4,135, 136; gendered effects of Soviet policy 143-4; governance 78,81,82-3,90-3; Islamic; revival 65,66; neopatrimonialism and patronage networks 106-8; political Islam 57; realignment with Russia 182; regional identities 113-15; relationship with Kazakhstan 186-7; Soviet anti-Islamic policies 60-2 Veis apar, Ak-Muhhamed 84 Vinokourov, Alexandr 46, 47,48,50 Werner, Cynthia 162,164—6 White, Jenny 166 Wilkinson, Cai 139,142,152-6 Wimbush, S. Enders 1,2, 32-3,36-8 Wimmer, A. 87 women see gender World Trade Organization 191 Xi Jinping 196 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) 181,183-4,195-200 Yarova, Olha 139,140,146-9 Yaroslavsky (laroslavskii),Yemelyan 60 water policy 45 weapons contraband 45 Weber, Max 80,87,90 wedding practices 163,169-72 Weiner, Myron 43 Zenz, Adrian 181,183-4,185,195—200 Zhang Wei 195 Znamenskii, Andrei Aleksandrovich 25 Beyeriwht
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Contents Notes on contributors Acknowledgements Introduction: 40 Years of Central Asian Survey, Rico Isaacs Section 1: History ix x 1 10 Introduction: critical appraisal, Mikhail Akulov Excerpts The Russian conquest of Central Asia (1982), Vol. 1, issue 2-3, Mehmet Saray 14 The role of the pristavstvo institution in the context of Russian imperial policies in the Kazakh Steppe in the nineteenth century (2014), Vol. 33, issue 1, Gulmira Sultangalieva 17 The creation of Soviet Central Asia: the 1924 national delimitation (1995), Vol. 14, issue 2, Steven Sabol 21 Humans as territory:forced resettlement and the making of Soviet Tajikistan, 1920-1938 (2011), Vol. 30, issue 3—4, Botakoz Kassymbekova 23 Marriage, modernity, and the “friendship of nations”: interethnic intimacy in post-war Central Asia in comparative perspective (2007), Vol. 26, issue 4, Adrienne Lynn Edgar 25 Section 2: Identity and nationalism Introduction: critical appraisal, Kristoffer Rees Excerpts The politics of identity change in Soviet Central Asia (1984), Vol. 3, issue 3, S. Enders Wimbush 3 6 Creating national identity in socialist Mongolia (1998), Vol. 17, issue 1, Christopher Kaplonski 38 Imagined communities: Kazakh nationalism and Kazakhification in the 1990s (1999), Vol. 18, issue 3, Azamat Sarsembayev 40 Nationalism as a geopolitical phenomenon: the Central Asian case (2001), Vol. 20, issue 2, FarkhodTolipov 42 Global Astana: nation branding as a legitimization toolfor authoritarian regimes (2015), Vol. 34, issue 1, Adrien Fauve 46 32
vi Contents Section 3: Islam 53 Introduction: critical appraisal, Galym Zhussipbek Excerpts Islam in Soviet central Asia, 1917—1930: Soviet policy and the struggle for control (1992), Vol. 11, issue 1, Shoshana Keller 59 Soviet Islam since the invasion ofAfghanistan (1982), Vol. 1, issue 1, Alexandre Bennigsen 62 Islamic revival in the Central Asian Republics (1994), Vol. 13, issue 2, Mehrdad Haghayeghi 64 The logic of Islamic practice: a religious conflict in Central Asia (2006), Vol. 25, issue 3, Sergei Abashin 66 Islamic discourses in Azerbaijan: the securitization of “non-traditional religious movements” (2018), Vol. 37, issue 1, Galib Bashirov 72 Section 4: Governing and the state 78 Introduction: critical appraisal, Assel Tutumlu Excerpts Sharaf Rashidov and the dilemmas of national leadership (1986), Vol. 5, issue 3—4, Gregory Gleason 82 Authoritarian political development in Central Asia: the case ofTurkmenistan (1995), Vol. 14, issue 4, John Anderson 83 Tajikistan amidst globalization: state failure or state transformation? (2011), Vol. 30, issue ï, John Heathershaw 86 Disorder over the border: spinning the spectre of instability through time and space in Central Asia (2018), Vol. 37, issue 1, Natalie Koch 90 Section 5: Informal institutions 98 Introduction: critical appraisal, Dina Sharipova Excerpts ‘Tribalism’ and identity in contemporary circumstances: the case of Kazakstan (1998), Vol. 17, issue 3, Saulesh Esenova 102 Neopatrimonialism, interest groups and patronage networks: the impasses of the governance system in Uzbekistan (2007), Vol. 26, issue 1, Alisher
Ilkhamov 106 Theories on Central Asian factionalism: the debate in political science and its wider implications (2007), Vol. 23, issue 3, David Gullette 108 Political and social networks in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan: ‘clan’, region and beyond (2009), Vol. 28, issue 3, İdil Tunçer-Kılavuz 112 Section 6: Contentious politics Introduction: critical appraisal, Asel Doolotkeldieva Excerpts Central Asian riots and disturbances, 1989-1990: causes and context (1991), Vol. 10, issue 3, Yaacov Ro’i 121 118
Contents vii Networks, localism and mobilization in Aksy, Kyrgyzstan (2005), Vol. 24, issue 4, Scott Radnitz 124 Poetry of witness: Uzbek identity and the response toAndijon (2007), Vol. 26, issue 3, Sarah Kendzior 126 The dynamics of regime change: domestic and international factors in the ‘Tulip Revolution1 (2008), Vol. 2 7, issue 3—4, David Lewis 129 Post-violence regime survival and expansion in Kazakhstan and Tajikistan (2016), Vol. 35, issue 4, Erica Marat 131 Section 7: Gender 139 Introduction: critical appraisal, Nodira Kholmatova Excerpts The politics ofgender and the Soviet paradox: neither colonized, nor modern? (2007), Vol. 26, issue 4, Deniz Kandiyoti 143 Making the ‘empowered woman’: exploring contradictions in gender and development programming in Kyrgyzstan (2018), Vol. 37, issue 2, Elena Kim, Asel Myrzabekova, Elena Molchanova 8c OlhaYarova 146 Women ofprotest, men of applause: political activism, gender and tradition in Kyrgyzstan (2019), Vol. 38, issue 3, Judith Beyer Aijarkyn Kojobekova 149 What’s in a name? The personal and political meanings of‘LGBT’for non-heterosexual and transgender youth in Kyrgyzstan (2010), Vol. 29, issue 4, Cai Wilkinson Anna Kirey 152 Section 8: Everyday life 161 Introduction: critical appraisal, Rano Turaeva Excerpts Household networks and the security of mutual indebtedness in rural Kazakhstan (1998), Vol. 17, issue 4, Cynthia Werner 164 Staying put? Towards a relational politics of mobility at a time of migration (2011), Vol. 30, issue 3—4, Madeleine Reeves 166 Wedding rituals and the struggle over national identities
(2011), Vol. 30, issue 1, Sophie Roche Sophie Hohmann 169 ‘How can I be post-Soviet if I was never Soviet?’ Rethinking categories of time and social change — a perspective from Kulob, southern Tajikistan (2015), Vol. 34, issue 2, Diana Ibañez-Tirado 172 Section 9: Regional and global perspectives Introduction: critical appraisal, Zhanibek Arynov Excerpts Virtual regionalism, regional structures, and regime security in Central Asia (2008), Vol. 27, issue 2, Roy Allison 185 Regime security, base politics, and rent-seeking: the local and global political economies of the American air base in Kyrgyzstan, 2001—2010 (2015), Vol. 34, issue 1, Kemel Toktomushev 187 181
viii Contents Blurring the line between licit and illicit: transnational corruption networks in Central Asia and beyond (2015), Vol. 34, issue 1, Alexander Cooley J. C. Sharman 191 ‘Thoroughly reforming them towards a healthy heart attitude’: China’s political re-education campaign in Xinjiang (2019), Vol. 38, issue 1, Adrian Zenz 195 Index 205
Index Aalam Services Ltd 188,189,190 Abashin, Sergei 56-8 Abdildin, Serikbokyn 41 Abdudjabbar-mahsum 67 Abdukahhar-mahsum 67 Abdulbori-mahsum 70 Abdullo, Mullo 132 Abdumumin-mahsum 67,68,70,71 Ablyazov, Mukhtar 49 affirmative action 24 Afghanistan 23,25,45; Soviet invasion 62 Ahmedov, Hazrat 129,136 Akayev, Aidar 188,189 Akayev (Akaev), Askar 8, 65,108,110,129,130, 131,183,189,190,192 Akiner, Shirin 43,112 aksakalsl, 141,142,149,152 Alash Orda party 104 Alexander II (Tsar) 15,16 Aliev, Haidar 64 Allison, Roy 181-2,183,184,185-7 American Civil War 16 Amnesty International 84 Anderson, Benedict 40,128-9 Anderson, John 79,80, 83-6 Arabic script 37 Aral Sea 45 “archival revolution” 10 Armenians 122 Ashirov, Borubek 187 Atkin, Μ. 112 authoritarianism 46-50,80, 81,83-6, 99,119, 120,121,182,192 AvCard 188,189 Azerbaidzhan (Azerbaijan) 63, 64,122; securitization of non-traditional Islamic groups 58,72-4 Babanov, Omurbek 189 Baisalov, Edil 129 Baker, James 84 Bakiyev, Kurmanbek 8,183,192,193 banking 48-9 Banuazizi, Ali 43 Barrett, Thomas 19 Bashirov, Galib 58,72-4 Beknazarov, Azimbek 118,124-6,189,190 Bektan 48-9 Belt and Road Initiative 8,181,184,196 Bennigsen, Alexandre 1, 37, 55, 62-4 Bennigsen Broxup, Marie 2 Beyer, Judith 139,141,149-52 Billig, Μ. 48,50 Birlik party 57,123-4 birth rates 140,143-4 Bohr, Annette 83,86 Bokheviks 11,14,21,22-3, 34, 37 Bourdieu, Pierre 70 Bromlei, Iulian 25-6 Buddhism 38,39 Buttino, Marco 11 Buzan, Barry 43 Carpenter, Lt. Col. Joe 189 Caucasus region 15,18,19-20,21,122; Islam 62, 72-3 celebrities 46 Central Asian Cooperation Organization (CACO)
185,186 Central Asian Commonwealth 45 Central Asian Economic Community (CAEC) 185,186 Central Asian Review 1 Central Asian studies 3-4 Central Asian Survey 1-4 Chen Quanguo 195,196 child fostering 165 China 2,3,8,16; Belt and Road Initiative 181,184,196; Falun Gong 197; political re-education 196-7; Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) 181,183—4, 195-200 Chokayev, Mustafa 22 civil society organizations 131,133,134 civil war 131,132
206 Index clan networks 98, 99,100-1,102,106,107-8, 109-13 ColdWar 10 Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) 182,185,187 collectivization 106,144,145 Collins, Kathleen 100,108,109-11,113 colour revolutions 120,130,182 Commonwealth of Independent States 162 Conquest, Robert 11 contentious politics 6,118-21; post-violence regime survival 131-5; protests see protests Cooley, Alexander 181,182-3,184,185-95 corruption 8,80,91,99,106,107, 111, 121,128, 131,133,135; brokers 194-5; measures 191-2; offshore world 192-4 cotton cultivation 16,145 Cranston, Alan 84 Crimean War 15 “cultural advancement” 11 cultural imperialism 38 Cyrillic script 37 Dadaev,A. 24 De Weese, D. 54 decolonial approaches 163-4 democracy 79-80,81 Deutsch, Karl 44 development programming 146-9 dialects 114 dissent 120 dissident poetry 119,126-9 disturbances see protests DLA Energy 188-9 donor-fonded third sector 153-4 Dragadze, T. 145 drug smuggling 45,135 Dzhumadildayev, Anuar 193 economic survival 162,164-6 Edgar, Adrienne Lynn 11,12,13-14,25-7 education 37,39,168-9,177 ehtes 12,13,34,40,42, 47, 55,80,88,89,100, 101,104,105,110, 111, 113,115,120,135, 181,183; kleptocracy 191—2 Ergash-haji 69,70,71,72 Erk party 123-4,135,136 Esenova, Saulesh 98-9,102-6 ethnic boundaries 11-12,14,21-3,27 ethnic tensions 85 ethnography 46,47,48,146 Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC) 182, 185,186 Evans-Pritchard, E. 110 everyday Ufe 7,161-4; household networks 162, 164—6; mobility and migration 162,166-9, 170; wedding rituals 163,169-72 factionalism 99-100,107,108-12 failed states 86-90 Falun Gong 197 family policy 143-4
Fantasia, Kathryn 189 Fatullaoglu, A. 63 Fauve, Adrien 35-6, 46-50 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 189-90 feminist scholars 166 Fergana (Ferghana) Valley 6,23, 26, 56, 64, 65,66, 122 Ferguson, J. 149 fertility rates 140,143-4 Foucault, Michel 195 Frank, A. 54 “friendship of nations” 25-7 Gellner, Ernest 33 gender 7,139-43; emotional labour burden 147-8; feminist scholars 166; gender roles 141, 144,149,162-3; Islamic observance and 67-8, 146,168; labour markets and 162,167-9; LGBTQI people 142,152-6; patriarchal system 162-3; political participation and 141,149-52; Soviet paradox 139-40,143-6, 162,167; tradition and 141,143,144,149; women; protestors 125-6,150-2; women’s empowerment 140-1,146-9,163 genealogical knowledge 100 Georgia 91,122,145 Ghani, Ashraf 87 Giffen,James 194 glasnost 2,122,127,145 Gleason, Gregory 78, 82-3 global challenges 162 Global Governance Indicators 191 global perspectives 8,181-5; corruption see corruption; rent-seeking politics 181, 183, 187-90; transnational corruption networks 181,182-3,191-5; see also regional; perspectives/regionalism GlobalWitness 193,194 globalization 80 Gorchakov, Prince Alexander Konstantinovich 16-17 governance 5; authoritarianism 46—50,80,81, 83-6,99,119,120,121,182,192; democracy 79-80; liberalization 79,81, 91; national leadership 82-3; Soviet Union 78,82,83; Stability 81,83,90,91 Great Silk Road 45 Gullette, David 99-100,108-12 Haghayeghi, Mehrdad 55,56 Hasanov, Dadaxon 119,126-9,136 Haugen, Arne 13 Heathershaw,John 80, 86-90
Index Helsinki Watch 84 Henry, James 193 heterochrony 176 Heyderov, Seyavush 73 Hirsch, Francine 13,25 history 4,10-14; Cold War 10 (see also Soviet Union); decolonial approaches 163-4; geopolitical players 10-11; heterochrony 176; imperial policies 17-21; national delimitation 11,21-3,26,27, 42; periodization 12,161,162, 172-6; post-war “friendship of nations” 25-7; Russian conquests 14-17 Hoagland, Richard 89 Hodjibaev, Abdurahim 24 Hohmann, Sophie 163 Houráni, Albert 103 household networks 162,164—6 human rights 57, 59, 73, 79,84,133 Human RightsWatch 155 Humphrey, C. 145 Hunter, Shireen 42-3 laroslavskii (Yaroslavsky) .Yemelyan 60 Ibañez-Tirado, Diana 161,162,172-6 identity see national identity Ilkhamov, Alisher 99,106-8,112 informal institutions 6,98-101; clan networks 98, 99,100-1,102,106,107-8,109-13; factionalism 99-100,107,108-12; kinship ties 98-9,100,101,108,110, 111, 113; neopatrimonialism 99,106-8; patronage networks 99,100,101,106-8,112-13; regionalism 108,113-15; tribalism 64-5, 86, 98-9,102-6,108-9 interethnic marriages 11-12,14,25-7 International Crisis Group (ICG) 87,88, 89,90 International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) 187 Iran 23 Isaacs, Rico 99 Islam 5, 33,36-7,186; bu-otins 67-8,146; Caucasian conquest 15; gendered roles 67-8, 146, 168; hajts 68-70, 71; human rights and 57, 59,73; Kazakhstan 102-3; mahsums 67-9, 71; “miras” movement 55; revival 55-6,58, 64-6, 85; rituals 65,66—72, 75; Salafism 57, 72; securitization of non-traditional Islamic groups 58, 72—4; Soviet anti-Islamic policies 53-5, 59-64,145-6; Sufism 54, 55,61,62, 63, 64; tribalism
64-5; wedding rituals 171; see also Muslims Islamic fundamentalism 45, 56,57,58,85, 90 Islamic Renaissance Party ofTajikistan 134,135 Jahonov, Usto 167 Jones Luong, Pauline 100,108-9,110 207 Jumaev, Yusuf 119 Junior Horde 17,18,20 Kabeer, N. 148 Kamolov (Kornilov),Jamol 119 Kamp, Marianne 167,168 Kandiyoti, Deniz 2,139-40,141,143-6 Kaplonski, Christopher 33,34,38-40 Karimov, Islam 45, 57,90,91-3,99,106-8,119, 127,128,182,185,186,192 Karimova, Gulnara 192 Kassymbekova, Botakoz 12,13,14, 23-5 Kazakh Steppe 12,17-21, 34,102 Kazakhification 40-2 Kazakhstan: Alash Orda party 104; Astana as national brand 36,46-50; corruption 191, 192-3,194; economic situation 42; ehtes 12,13,40, 42,47; governance 81; household networks and; mutual indebtedness 162, 164-6,176-7; Islam 102-3; Islamic revival 62-3, 65; kinship ties 111, 112; national identity 34-5,36, 40-2, 45; nomadism 102-3; population structure 106; relationship with Uzbekistan 186-7; Soviet anti-Islamic policies 62-3,74; tribalism 98-9,102-6 Keller, Shoshana 53,54, 59-62 Kendzior, Sarah 119,120 Khalid, Adeeb 13,33 Khanates 12,17,19,20,37,102,128 Khazanov, A. 103 Khlevniuk, Oleg 12 Khodarkovsky, Michael 19 Khokand 16 Kim, Elena 139,140,141,146-9 kinship ties 98-9,100,101,108,110, 111, 113, 145,163 KireyAnna 139,142,152-6 kleptocracy 191-2 Koch, Natalie 80,81, 90-3 Kojobekova,Aijarkyn 139,141,149-52 Kornilov (Kamolov),Jamol 119 Kropp, Linda 188 Kulibaeva, Dinara 192 Kulibayev, Timur 49,192 Kulov, Felix 187 Kunaev, Dinmuhammed 62-3 Kuo Tao-Fu 39 Kutliev, Jamal 129,136 Kyrgyzstan 65, 81,84,91-2,110-11,119,121; aksakals
7,141,142,149,152;Aksy region 118, 124-6; corruption 191, 192,193; education 168-9,177; gender and public participation 141-2; LGBTQI people 142,152-6; Manos airbase 181, 183,187-90; mobility and migration 162,166-9; OBON 150-2,157;
208 Index Sokh region 162,167-9,177;Tulip Revolution 91,118,120,129-31,150,189; women’s political participation 141,149-52 labour markets 162,167-9 Labrys 142,152-6,157 Lemercier-Quelquejay, C. 37 Lenin,Vladimir IHch 21,22,60 Levshin, Alexei 13 Lewis, David 120,121,129-31 LGBTQI people 142,152-6 hberalization 79,81,91 Lieberman, Edward 190 Lieven, Dominic 19 literacy 24,56,124,140,143 localism 119,120,124-6 Lockhart, Clare 87 Lubin, N. 144 Manas airbase 181,183,187-90 Manas International Services (MIS) 188,189 Marat, Erica 120, 131-5 marriage patterns: interethnic marriages 11-12, 14,25-7,169—72;Tajikistan 163,169-72 migration 162,166-9,170 Martin, Terry 11,12,23 Marxism 60 Megoran, N. 90 Middle Eastern Societies 98,102,105,107 Mirziyoyev, Shavkat 101 mixed marriages 11-12,14,25-7 mobility 162,166-9,170 modernization 78-9 Molchanova, Elena 139,140,146-9 money laundering 183,190,195 Mongolia: national identity 5,32,33-4, 38-40 Mosse, D. 149 Muslims 11,14, 36-7; Xinjiang province 184, 195-200 see also Islam mutual indebtedness 162,164-6 Myrzabekova,Asel 139,140,146-9 Nastayev, Aleksandr 188,189 national delimitation 21-3,42 national flags 46, 47,50 national identity 4, 5,32-8,42-6; Astana as national brand 36,46-50; Central Asian integration 43-5; Kazakhstan 34-5,36, 40-2,45,46-50; Mongolia 33-4, 38-40; self identification 38,44; supranationalism 44; Tajikistan 88; tribalism 86 national leadership 82-3 national security 43-4 native elites 12,13,34,40,42, 47,88,104,105, 110,111,181 Nazarbayev,Nursultan 40,41,45,47,49, 111, 185,186,192,194 Nazarbayeva, Dariya 192 neoliberal
reforms 119,121 neopatrimonialism 99,106-8,181 ‘New Great Game’ 181,183,184 NGOs 131,133,134,151,193; contradictions in gender and development programming 146-9; donor-funded third sector 153-4 Nicholas I (Tsar) 14—15 Niyazov, Saparmurat 79-80, 83, 84, 85,86,192 nomadism 5,12,16,17,18,19,21,22,43,98, 102-3 nostalgia 161,173 offshore companies 188,190,192-4 Olcott, Martha 104 Ottoman Empire 105 Oxford Analytica (OA) 89 Parfi, Rauf 127 patriarchal system 162-3 patronage systems 99,100,101,112-13 perestroika 110 Persian language 23-4, 43 Piedmont Principle 23 Pipes, Richard 11 poetry 119,126-9 Poliakov, P. 144 police reform 133-5 post-structuralism 12 pristaľstvo 12-13,17-21,27 protectionism 105 protests 118,119,121-6,127;Andijon 119, 126-9,130;Tulip Revolution 91,118,120, 129-31,150; women protestors 125-6,150-2 Pulatov, Timur 123 Radnitz, Scott 100,118,119,121,124-6 Rakhmon (Rahmon), Imomali 131-4, 192,200 Ramiz, Mannon (Abdullaev) 60-2,74 Rashidov, Sharaf 78,79, 82-3,106-7,115 Rasht Valley 118,120,131-4 Red Star Enterprises Ltd 189 Reeves, Madeleine 2,162,166-9 refugees 92 regime security 182,185-90 regional perspectives/regionalism 7-8,108, 113-15,181-2;‘protective integration’ 182,185; regime security 182,185-90; regional organizations 181-2,185-7;‘virtual regionalism’ 181,185,186; Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) 181,183—4, 195-200 ‘religious extremism’ 118,195,197,199 religious observance see Islam; Muslims rent-seeking politics 181,183,187-90 riots see protests Roberts, Sean 195
Index Robinson, Ronald 19 Roche, Sophie 163,171 Ro’i,Yaacov 118,121-4 Rostan, Aram 190 Roy, 0.141,144 Rueschemeyer, E. 87 Russia: expansion 14-17; imperial policies 12-13,17-21; membership of Central Asian; Cooperation Organization (CACO) 185-6; ‘New Great Game’ 181,183,184; Uzbekistan’s realignment with 182; see also Soviet Union Russian interference 118,121-2,124,135 Russian language 38,85-6,169 Russification 11,13 Sabel, Steven 11,13,14,21-3 Said, Edward 56 Salafism 57,72 Salamatov, Muhhamedmurad 84 Saparmat-domla 67, 68,69,72 Saray, Mehmet 10,11,12,13,14-17 Sarsembayer, Azamat 34-5, 40-2 Schatz,Edward 100,108, 111, 112 Schiller, N. 87 Scott, J. 112,172 self-determination 23,104 Senior Horde 17,18,19,20,21 Shamil the Avar 15 Shangai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 182, 185 Sharman, Jason 181,182-3,184,185-95 shell companies 194 Siberia 145 Skocpol,T. 87 Slezkine.Yuri 25 social networking 162,165—6 social unrest 83-4,123; see also protests ‘Soviet Nationalities’ 1,11,33 Soviet Union: anti-Islamic policies 53-5, 59-64,145-6; border anxieties 12; Brezhnev era 25,26,110; central leadership 82,83, 105; collapse 10,11,78,79; collectivization 106,144,145; command economy 139, 143; ethnic boundaries 11-12, 14,21-3; forced resettlement 23-5; imperialism 78-9,94՛,glasnost 2,122,127,145; invasion ofAfghanistan 62; korenizatsiya 109, 110; modernization and technological advancement 162,173; national delimitation 11,21-3,26, 27,42; ‘New Soviet Man’ 33,38; nomenklatura 40,41; nostalgia 161,173; paradoxical gender outcomes in Central Asia 139,143-6,162, 167; perestroika 110;
protectionism 105,'Russian interference in Central Asia 118,121-2,124, 135; Tajikistan 12,13,14,23-5 sportsmen 46,48 Ssorin-Chaikhov, N. 174,176 209 stability 81, 83,90, 91 Stahn, Joseph 21,24, 37,42, 59 state building 90,94,99 state failure 86-90 statehood 5; authoritarianism 46-50,80, 81, 83-6, 99,119,120,121,182,192; democracy 79-80, 81; national leadership 82-3; Soviet Union 78, 82,83 Sufism 54, 55, 57,61, 62,63,64 Suleymenov, Olzhas 41 Sultangaliev (Sultan-Galiev), Mirsaid (Mirza) 36 Sultangalieva, Gulmira 12,13,14,17-21 supranationalism 44 Tajik Aluminium Company 80 Tajikistan 14; corruption 191,192,193; forced resettlement 23-5; Islamic revival 66; Kulob; region 172-6; political Islam 57; post-violence regime survival 131-5; Rasht Valley 118,120, 131-4; regional identities 113-15; Soviet and post-Soviet 161,172—6; state failure 86-90; wedding practices and marriage patterns 163, 169-72 Tang Hui 196 Tasar, Eren 54,55 Tax Justice Network 193 Tazhin, Marat 180 terrorism 57,74,90,92,128,133,181 textile industry 16 Thomas, Alun 12 Toigonbayev, Adil 188 Tokhtahodjaeva, Μ. 145 Toktomushev, Kernel 181,183,185,187-90 Tolipov, Farkhod 35 Totalitarian school 11 traditional culture 141,143,144,149 Transparency International 191 tribalism 64-5, 86,98-9, 102-6,108-9 Tucker, N. 56 Tulip Revolution 91,118,120,129-31, 150,189 Tunçer-Kılavuz, İdil 100-1,112vl5 Turkic languages 43 Turkmenistan: corruption 191, 192,193; governance 79-80, 83-6; Islamic revival 65; Soviet; anti-Islamic policies 62, 63 Ukraine 14,91,193 Union of the Central Asian States (CAU) 186 United States: Manas
airbase 181,183,187-90; war on terrorism 181 Usenov, Daniyar 190 Uyama, Tomohiko 19 Uyghurs 181,183-4,195-200 Uzbekistan 23,24,26,27,32, 33,38,42-3,45; Andijon protests 119,126-9,130,182; Birlik
210 Index party 57,123—4; corruption 191; dissident poetry 119,126-9; Erk party 123-4,135, 136; gendered effects of Soviet policy 143-4; governance 78,81,82-3,90-3; Islamic; revival 65,66; neopatrimonialism and patronage networks 106-8; political Islam 57; realignment with Russia 182; regional identities 113-15; relationship with Kazakhstan 186-7; Soviet anti-Islamic policies 60-2 Veis apar, Ak-Muhhamed 84 Vinokourov, Alexandr 46, 47,48,50 Werner, Cynthia 162,164—6 White, Jenny 166 Wilkinson, Cai 139,142,152-6 Wimbush, S. Enders 1,2, 32-3,36-8 Wimmer, A. 87 women see gender World Trade Organization 191 Xi Jinping 196 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) 181,183-4,195-200 Yarova, Olha 139,140,146-9 Yaroslavsky (laroslavskii),Yemelyan 60 water policy 45 weapons contraband 45 Weber, Max 80,87,90 wedding practices 163,169-72 Weiner, Myron 43 Zenz, Adrian 181,183-4,185,195—200 Zhang Wei 195 Znamenskii, Andrei Aleksandrovich 25 Beyeriwht ' |
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| index_date | 2024-07-03T19:59:08Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:33:19Z |
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| spellingShingle | A critical reader in Central Asian studies 40 years of Central Asian Survey Central Asian studies |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4039661-7 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | A critical reader in Central Asian studies 40 years of Central Asian Survey |
| title_auth | A critical reader in Central Asian studies 40 years of Central Asian Survey |
| title_exact_search | A critical reader in Central Asian studies 40 years of Central Asian Survey |
| title_exact_search_txtP | A critical reader in Central Asian studies 40 years of Central Asian Survey |
| title_full | A critical reader in Central Asian studies 40 years of Central Asian Survey edited by Rico Isaacs |
| title_fullStr | A critical reader in Central Asian studies 40 years of Central Asian Survey edited by Rico Isaacs |
| title_full_unstemmed | A critical reader in Central Asian studies 40 years of Central Asian Survey edited by Rico Isaacs |
| title_short | A critical reader in Central Asian studies |
| title_sort | a critical reader in central asian studies 40 years of central asian survey |
| title_sub | 40 years of Central Asian Survey |
| topic_facet | Mittelasien Aufsatzsammlung |
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