After the Romanovs: Russian exiles in Paris from the Belle Époque through revolution and war
"From Helen Rappaport, the New York Times bestselling author of The Romanov Sisters comes After the Romanovs, the story of the Russian aristocrats, artists, and intellectuals who sought freedom and refuge in the City of Light. Paris has always been a city of cultural excellence, fine wine and f...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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New York
St. Martin's Press
2022
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| Ausgabe: | First edition |
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| Zusammenfassung: | "From Helen Rappaport, the New York Times bestselling author of The Romanov Sisters comes After the Romanovs, the story of the Russian aristocrats, artists, and intellectuals who sought freedom and refuge in the City of Light. Paris has always been a city of cultural excellence, fine wine and food and the latest fashions. But it has also been a place of refuge for those fleeing persecution, never more so than before and after the Russian Revolution and the fall of the Romanov dynasty. For years, Russian aristocrats had enjoyed all Belle Epoque Paris had to offer, spending lavishly when they visited. It was a place of artistic experimentation such as Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. But the brutality of the Bolshevik takeover forced Russians of all types to flee their homeland, sometimes leaving with only the clothes on their backs. Arriving in Paris, former princes could be seen driving taxicabs, while their wives who could sew worked for the fashion houses, their unique Russian style serving as inspiration for designers like Coco Chanel. Talented intellectuals, artists, poets, philosophers and writers struggled in exile, eking out a living at menial jobs. Some, like Bunin, Chagall and Stravinsky, encountered great success in the same Paris that welcomed Americans like Fitzgerald and Hemingway. Political activists sought to overthrow the Bolshevik regime from afar, while double agents plotted espionage and assassination from both sides. Others became trapped in a cycle of poverty and their all-consuming homesickness for Russia, the homeland they had been forced to abandon. This is their story"-- |
| Beschreibung: | Maps used as endpapers |
| Beschreibung: | xvi, 317 Seiten, 8 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karte |
| ISBN: | 9781250273109 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Russians in Paris: Cast of characters -- La Tournée des Grands Ducs -- "We really did stagger the world" -- "Paris taught me, enriched me, beggared me, put me on my feet" -- "We had outlived our epoch and were doomed" -- "I never thought I would have to drag out my life as an émigré" -- "Paris is full of Russians" -- "How ruined Russians earn a living" -- "We are not in exile, we are on a mission" -- Emperor Kirill of all the Russias -- "Ubiquitous intriguers," spies, and assassins -- "A far violin among near balalaikas" -- "I forever pity the exile, a prisoner, an invalid" | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "From Helen Rappaport, the New York Times bestselling author of The Romanov Sisters comes After the Romanovs, the story of the Russian aristocrats, artists, and intellectuals who sought freedom and refuge in the City of Light. Paris has always been a city of cultural excellence, fine wine and food and the latest fashions. But it has also been a place of refuge for those fleeing persecution, never more so than before and after the Russian Revolution and the fall of the Romanov dynasty. For years, Russian aristocrats had enjoyed all Belle Epoque Paris had to offer, spending lavishly when they visited. It was a place of artistic experimentation such as Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. But the brutality of the Bolshevik takeover forced Russians of all types to flee their homeland, sometimes leaving with only the clothes on their backs. Arriving in Paris, former princes could be seen driving taxicabs, while their wives who could sew worked for the fashion houses, their unique Russian style serving as inspiration for designers like Coco Chanel. Talented intellectuals, artists, poets, philosophers and writers struggled in exile, eking out a living at menial jobs. Some, like Bunin, Chagall and Stravinsky, encountered great success in the same Paris that welcomed Americans like Fitzgerald and Hemingway. Political activists sought to overthrow the Bolshevik regime from afar, while double agents plotted espionage and assassination from both sides. Others became trapped in a cycle of poverty and their all-consuming homesickness for Russia, the homeland they had been forced to abandon. This is their story"-- | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Russians in Paris: Cast of Characters xi Chapter I: La Tournée des Grands Ducs 1 Chapter 2: “We Really Did Stagger the World” 21 Chapter 3: “Paris Taught Me, Enriched Me, Beggared Me, Put Me on My Feet” 42 Chapter 4: “We Had Outlived Our Epoch and Were Doomed” 65 Chapter 5: “I Never Thought I Would Have to Drag Out My Life as an Emigre” 86 Chapter 6: “Paris Is Full of Russians” 107 Chapter 7: “How Ruined Russians Earn a Living” 131 Chapter 8: “We Are Not in Exile, We Are on a Mission” 153 Chapter 9: “Emperor Kirill of All the Russias” 178
x Contents Chapter 10: “Ubiquitous Intriguers,” Spies, and Assassins 201 Chapter II: “A Far Violin Among Near Balalaikas” 225 Chapter 12: “I Forever Pity the Exile, a Prisoner, an Invalid” 249 Acknowledgments 271 Notes 275 Bibliography 299 Index 309
Bibliography ELECTRONIC NEWSPAPER AND MAGAZINE ARCHIVES: British Library Newspaper Archive Gallica В nF (French newspapers) Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya online at Ghent University Library Newspaperarchive.com Newspapers.com Persee.fr The Times Archive ELECTRONIC BOOKS ONLINE: www.alexanderpalace.org archive.org az.lib.ru hathitrust.org litmir.me rulit.me PUBLISHED BOOKS AND ARTICLES: In order to facilitate the most user-friendly listing of sources, these are grouped by lan guage rather than primary and secondary sources. I. ENGLISH SOURCES Alexander, Grand Duke of Russia, Once a Grand Duke, Garden City, NY: Garden City Publishing, 1932.
300 Bibliography ------ Always a Grand Duke, New York: Farrar Rinehart, 1933. Alexander, Sidney, Marc Chagall: An Intimate Biography, London: Cassell, 1978. Bailey, Geoffrey, The Conspirators, London: Gollancz, 1961. Basily, Lascelle Meserve de, Memoirs of a Lost World, Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1975. Basily, Nicolas de, Memoirs: Diplomat of Imperial Russia, Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1973. Baxter, John, The Golden Moments of Paris: A Guide to the Paris of the 1920s, New York: Museyon Guides, 2014. Bennett, Vanora, The White Russian, London: Century, 2014. Benois, Alexandre, Reminiscences of the Russian Ballet, London: Putnam, 1947. Berberova, Nina, The Italics Are Mine, London: Vintage, 1993. ------ Billancourt Tales, New York: New Directions Publishing, 2002. ------ The Tattered Cloak and Other Novels, New York: Knopf, 1991. Bethea, David Μ., Khodasevich: His Life and Art, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983. Bonsai, Stephen, Suitors and Suppliants: The Little Nations at Versailles, New York: Pren tice Hall, 1946. Boyd, Brian, Vladimir Nabokov: The Russian Years, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990. Brackman, Roman, The Secret File ofJoseph Stalin: A Hidden Life, London: Frank Cass, 2001. Bunin, Ivan, “The Late Hour,” “In Paris” in Karetnyk, Russian Émigré Short Stories ------ Life ofArseniev, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1994. Cameron, Evan P., Goodbye Russia: Adventures of HM Transport Rio Negro, London: Hodder Stoughton, 1934. Cantacuzene, Princess, “How the Russian Refugees Are Making Good in Europe,” La dies’ Home
Journal 43,1926: 18,193,258. ------ “Exiles Are Reviving Russian Handicrafts,” Ladies’ Home Journal 38, 1921,122. Chamberlain, Lesley, The Philosophy Steamer: Lenin and the Exile of the Intelligentsia, London: Atlantic Books, 2006. Chavchavadze, David, The Grand Dukes, New York: Atlantic International Publications, 1990. Claflin, Davis, C., “Refugees,” chapter VI, 201-26, in Clarence R. Johnson, ed., Constan tinople To-day; or, The Pathfinder Survey of Constantinople, London: Macmillan, 1922. Clarke, William, Hidden Treasures of the Romanovs: Saving the RoyalJewels, Edinburgh: National Museums of Scotland, 2009. Cockfield, Jamie, White Crow: The Life and Times of the Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhail ovich Romanov, 1859-1919, Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2002. Collins, Frederik L., Woman’s Home Companion 49, December 1922, Part I: “What’s Happened to Royalty?”: 17, 18, 119, 120, 122; 50, January 1923, Part II: “The City of Exiles”: 12, 13, 17, 66. ------ This King Business: Intimate Accounts of Royalty as a Going Concern, London: T. Werner Laurie, 1923. Craft, Robert and Igor Stravinsky, Memories and Commentaries, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.
Bibliography 301 Crawford, Rosemary and Michael, Michael and Natasha, London: Weidenfeld Nicol son, 1997. Crespelle, Jean-Paul, Chagall, New York: Coward-McCann, 1970. “Cruel Fate of the Russian Refugees,” Literary Digest 107, October-December 1930, 27. Cyril, Grand Duke, My Life in Russia’s Service, Then and Now, London: Selwyn Blount, 1939. Davis, Mary E., Ballets Russes Style: Diaghilev’s Dancers and Paris Fashion, London: Reaktion Books, 2010. Dewar, Hugo, Assassins at Large, chapter 1: www.marxists.org/archive/dewar/assassins /index.htm. Durkheim, Emile, “Report on the Situation of Russians in France in 1916,” in Martins, Herminio and William Pickering, Debating Durkheim, London: Routledge, 1994. Ehrenburg, Ilya, People and Life: Memoirs, 1891-1917, London: MacGibbon Kee, 1961. ------ Memoirs, 1921-1941, Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1964. ------ Julio Jurenito, London: MacGibbon Kee, 1958. Engberg, Magnus, Maria, Swedish Princess [Maria: Sveriges ryska priinsessa], Sweden: Magnus Engberg Kulturproduktion, 2018. Figes, Orlando, Natasha’s Dance: A Cultural History ofRussia, London: Allen Lane, 2002. Fitzgerald, Zelda, Save Me the Waltz, London: Vintage Classics, 2001. Flanner, Janet, Paris Was Yesterday, 1925-1939, London: Virago, 2003. Fokine, Michel, Memoirs of a Ballet Master, New York: Little, Brown Co., 1961. Forest, Jim, “Mother Maria of Paris,” in Mother Maria Skobtsova: Essential Writings, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 2003. Gabriel Constantinovich, Grand Duke, Memories in the Marble Palace, Ontario: Gilbert’s Books, 2009. Garelick, Rhonda K., Mademoiselle: Coco
Chanel and the Pulse of History, New York: Penguin Random House, 2015. Gazdanov, Gaito, Night Roads, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2009. Gelardi, Julia, From Splendor to Revolution: The Romanov Women, 1847-1928, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2011. Glenny, Michael and Norman Stone, eds., The Other Russia, London: Faber, 1991. Graham, Stephen, Part ofthe Wonderful Scene: An Autobiography, London: Collins, 1964. ------ Europe—Whither Bound?, chapter II, “From Constantinople,” Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1921. Graves, Charles, “Russian Royalties in Exile,” Britannia Eve, March 1, 1933, 22-23, 122-24. Gray, Pauline, The Grand Duke’s Woman, London: Macdonald and Janes, 1976. Griffin, Peter, Less Than a Treason: Hemingway in Paris, Cary, N.C.: Oxford University Press, 1990. Hackel, Sergei, Pearl of Great Price: The Life of Mother Maria Skobtsova, 1891-1945, London: Darton, Longman Todd, 1981. Hall, Coryne, Imperial Dancer, Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2006. Hassell, James E., “Russian Refugees in France and the United States between the World Wars,” Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1991. Hemingway, A Moveable Feast, London: Arrow Books, 1994. Hendrikoff, Olga, A Countess in Limbo: Diaries in War and Revolution, Vancouver: Ink light, 2016.
Зої Bibliography Huddleston, Sisley, Bohemian Literary and Social Life in Paris, London: George G. Harrap Co., 1928. “Humble Jobs of Former Russian Aristocrats,” Literary Digest 78, July 21, 1923, 46, 48, 50,51. Huntingdon, William Chapin, The Homesick Million: Russia-out-of-Russia, Boston, Mass.: Stratford Co., 1933. Ignatieff, Michael, The Russian Album, Penguin: London, 1987. Iswolsky, Hélène, No Time to Grieve: An Autobiographical Journey, Philadelphia: Winchell Company, 1985. Johnston, Robert H., “New Mecca, New Babylon”: Paris and the Russian Exiles, 19201945, Kingston, Ont.: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1988. Jordan, Pamela A., Stalin ’s Singing Spy: The Life and Exile ofNadezhda Plevitskaya, Lan ham, Md., Rowman Littlefield, 2016. Kahan, Sylvia, Music’s Modern Muse: A Life of Winnaretta Singer, Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 2009. Karetnyk, Brian, ed., Russian Emigré Short Stories from Bunin to Yanovsky, London: Pen guin Random House, 2017. Karl, Klaus H., Soutine, New York: Parkstone International, 2015. Karlínsky, Simon, Marina Tsvetaeva: The Woman, Her World, and Her Poetry, Cam bridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. ------ “In Search of Boris Poplavsky” in Bitter Air of Exile, 311-33. ------ and Alfred Apple, The Bitter Air of Exile: Russian Writers in the West, 1922-1972, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. Karsavina, Tamara, Theater Street: The Reminiscences of Tamara Karsavina, London: Constable, 1982. Kessel, Joseph, Princes of the Night, New York: Macaulay Co., 1928. Khodasevich, Vladislav, Selected Poems, London: Angel
Classics, 2013. ------ Necropolis, New York: Columbia University Press, 2019. King, Greg and Penny Wilson, Gilded Prism: The Konstantinovichi Grand Dukes and the Last Years of the Romanov Dynasty, Richmond Heights, Calif.: Eurohistory, 2006. Kleinmichel, Countess, Memories of a Shipwrecked World, New York: Brentano’s, 1923. Klüver, Billy and Julie Martin, Kiki’s Paris: Artists and Lovers, 1900-1930, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. Kodicek, Ann, ed., Diaghilev: Creator of the Ballets Russes: Art, Music, Dance, London: Lund Humphries Publishers, 1996. Kschessinska, Mathilde, Dancing in Petersburg, New York: Doubleday, 1961. Lifar, Serge, Serge Diaghilev, His Life, His Work, His Legend: An Intimate Biography, New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1940. Livak, Leonid, Russian Emigrés in the Intellectual and Literary Life of Interwar France, Ontario: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2010. Lopokova, Lydia, Dancing for Diaghilev, London: John Murray, 1960. Marie, Grand Duchess of Russia, Things I Remember, London: Cassell, 1930. [NB: pub lished in New York as Education of a Princess] ------ A Princess in Exile, London: Macmillan, 1932. Marie, Queen of Roumania, The Story of My Life, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1934.
Bibliography 303 Marulio, Thomas Gaiton, ed., Ivan Bunin, A Portrait from Letters, Diaries, and Fiction: 1 Russian Requiem, 1885-1920, Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1993. ------ 2 From the Other Shore, 1920-1933, Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1995. ------ 3 The Twilight of Emigré Russia, 1934-1933, Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2002. Maxwell, W. T., “The House with Shuttered Windows,” London Magazine 50: 152, June 1923, 392-96. Meier, Andrew, The Lost Spy: An American in Stalin s Secret Service, New York: W. W. Norton Company, 2008. Miller, Michael, Shanghai on the Métro: Spies, Intrigue, and the French between the Wars, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. Nabokov, Vladimir, Speak, Memory, London: Everyman s Library, 1999. ------ Letters to Vera, New York: Knopf, 2015. Nadelhoffer, Hans, Cartier, London: Thames Hudson, 2007. Nemirovsky, Irène, Le Bal and Snow in Autumn, London: Vintage Books, 2007. Nin, Anaïs, Diary ofAnaïs Nin, 1939-1944, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971. Obolensky, Valerian, Russians in Exile: The History of a Diaspora, CreateSpace Indepen dent Publishing Platform, 2016. [NB: this book has no pagination] Odoevtseva, Irina, Isolde, London: Pushkin Press, 1929. Orwell, George, Down and Out in Paris and London, London: Victor Gollancz, 1933. Pachmuss, Ternira, Betweeen Paris and St. Petersburg: Selected Diaries of Zinaida Hippius. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1975. Paléologue, Maurice, Three Critical Years, 1904, 1903,1906, New York: Robert Speller Sons, 1957. ------ An Ambassador’s Memoirs: 1914-1917, London: Hutchinson, 1973. Paley, Princess,
Memories of Russia: 1916-1919, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1975, http://www.alexanderpalace.org/memoriesrussia/index.html . Peak, Mayme Ober, “Former Ladies of Russian Royalty Working as Paris Dressmaking Models,” Boston Sunday Globe Magazine, February 19,1922. Perry, John Curtis and Constantine Pleshakov, The Flight of the Romanovs: A Family Saga, New York: Basic Books, 2001. Phillips, Alastair, City ofDarkness, City of Light: Emigré Filmmakers in Paris, 1929-1939, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2014. Picardie, Justine, Chanel: The Legend and the Life, London: HarperCollins, 2017. Plekon, Michael, Uncommon Prayer: Prayer in Everyday Experience, Notre Darne, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 2016. Radziwill, Princess Catherine, “The Broken Heart of the Exiled Princess Paley,” Moline Daily Dispatch, February 7,1920. Raeff, Marc, Russia Abroad: A Cultural History of the Russian Emigration, 1919-1939, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990. Rappaport, Helen, Conspirator: Lenin in Exile, London: Hutchinson, 2009. ------ Four Sisters: The Lost Lives of the Romanov Grand Duchesses, London: Macmillan, 2014. Raymond, Boris and David R. Jones, The Russian Diaspora: 1917-1941, Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2000. Ritz, Marie Louise, César Ritz: Host to the World, London: George Harrap, 1938. Roberts, Kenneth L., “Waifs of an Empire,” Saturday Evening Post 194, July-September 1921, 14, 15, 49, 52, 54, 57, 58, 61.
304 Bibliography ------ “Drifting Leaves,” Harper’s 144, February 1922, 364-72. Robien, Louis de, The Diary of a Diplomat in Russia: 1917-1918, New York: Praeger, 1970. Robinson, Paul, Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich: Supreme Commander of the Russian Army, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2016. ------ The White Russian Army in Exile 1920-1941, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Ronald, Susan, A Dangerous Woman: The Life ofFlorence Gould, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2018. Rood, Karen Lane, American Writers in Paris, 1920-1939, vol. 4 of Dictionary of Literary Biography, Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1980. “Royalty Yields to Romance,” Woman’s Home Companion 51,1924, 7-12,25-26, 106. Rubins, Maria, Russian Montparnasse: Transnational Writing in Interwar Paris, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Russian Paris, 1910-1960, exhibition catalog, St. Petersburg: State Russian Museum, 2003. Salisbury, Harrison E., Black Night, White Snow, New York: Doubleday, 1978. Scheijen, Sjeng, Diaghilev, London: Profile Books, 2010. Schouvaloff, Alexander, The Art of Ballets Russes: The Serge Lifar Collection of Theater Designs, Costumes, and Paintings at the Wadsworth Atheneum, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. Skinner, Cornelia Otis, Elegant Wits and Grand Horizontals: Paris, La Belle Epoque, Lon don: Michael Joseph, 1963. Skipwith, Sofka, Sofka, the Autobiography of a Princess, London: Hart-Davis, 1968. Slobin, Greta, Russians Abroad: Literary and Cultural Politics of Diaspora, 1919-1939, Brighton, Mass.: Academic Studies Press, 2013. Smith, Douglas, Former People: The
Destruction of the Russian Aristocracy, London: Mac millan, 2012. Starostina, Natalia, “On Nostalgia and Courage: Russian Émigré Experience in Interwar Paris through the Eyes of Nadezhda Teffi,” in Diasporas: Circulations, Migrations, Histoire 22,2013, 38-53, https://journals.openedition.org/diasporas/. Teffi, Memories: From Moscow to the Black Sea, London: Penguin, 2016. ------ Subtly Worded, London: Pushkin Press, 2014. ------ Rasputin and Other Ironies, London: Pushkin Press, 2014. ------ Gorodok / Little Town, 1927, translated by Edythe Haber, 1982, http://az.lib.ru/t /teffi/text_l 927_gorodok.shtml. Tsvetaeva, Marina, After Russia (Paris 1928): The First Notebook, Swindon, UK: Shearsman Books, 2017. Ular, Adam, Russia from Within, London: Heinemann, 1905. Vaili, Amanda, Everybody Was So Young, London: Warner Books, 1999. Van der Kiste, John, Princess Victoria Melita: Grand Duchess Cyril of Russia, 1876-1936, Stroud, UK: Sutton, 1991. ------ and Coryne Hall, Once a Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II, Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2004. Vassiliev, Alexandre, Beauty in Exile: The Artists, Models, and Nobility Who Fled the Rus sian Revolution and Influenced the World of Fashion, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2000. Volkov, Solomon, Saint Petersburg: A Cultural History, London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1996.
Bibliography зо; Walsh, Stephen, Stravinsky, vol. 1,A Creative Spring: Russia and France, 1882-1934, Lon don: Pimlico, 2002. Wiser, William, The Crazy Years: Paris in the Twenties, New York: Atheneum, 1983. Woon, Basil D., “Russian Nobles Work and Play to Eat,” Bridgeport Telegram, April 28, 1922. ------ The Paris That’s Not in the Guide Books, New York: Robert McBride Co., 1931. Yanovsky, V. S., Elysian Fields: A Book of Memory, Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, 1987. Zinovieff, Elizabeth, A Princess Remembers: A Russian Life, 1892-1982, New York: Y. N. Galitzine J. Ferrand, 1997. Zinovieff, Sofka, Red Princess: A Revolutionary Life, London: Granta Books, 2007. 2. FRENCH SOURCES Anglade, Jean, La vie quotidienne des immigrés en France de 1919 à nos jours, Paris: Hachette Littératures, 1976. Beucler, André, “Russes de France,” Revue de Paris 44: 2, April 15, 1937, 866-96. Boulay, Cyrille, La France des Romanov: De la villégiature à l’exil, Paris: Perrin, 2010. Brummer, General C., “Les derniers jours du Grand Duc Nicholas Mikhailovitch,” Revue de deux mondes, November 15, 1921. Bucamp, Philippe, and Martine Mouchy, Guide de la Russie à Paris, Paris: Parigramme, 2000. Collin, Lucien, “La Nation Dans La Ville: Les ‘Jeunes pousses’ des Russes à Paris,” In transigeant, November 10,1921 ; “Princesses X ... et Z ... Robes et Manteaux, ” No vember 11,1921. Coulaud, Marcel, “La Russie d’hier réfugiée à Paris: Portraits et Confiances,” Le Journal, March 23,1926; “La grande-duchesse Marie, brodeuse à Paris,” March 24,1926; “Prin cesses et comtesses devenues couturiers,”
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30Ճ Bibliography Kazansky, Konstantin, Cabaret russe, Paris: Olivier Orban, 1978. Kessel, J., “De quoi se compose Paris?—Les Russes,” Paris-soir, April 13,1924. Korliakov, Andrei, Histoire illustrée de l’émigration russe, 1917-1947, rev. ed., Paris: YMCA-Press, 2020. Krummenacker, Carolyne, “La mode des cabarets russes à Montmartre,” Le Vieux Mont martre, Société d’Histoire et d’Archéologie des IX et XVIII Arrondissements Fondée en 1886, 2003. 12-19. Ledré, Charles, Les émigrés russes en France, Ce qu’ils sont, ce qu’ils font, ce qu’ils pensent, Paris: Editions Specs, 1930. “L’Émigration russe à Paris,” Echo de Paris, November 10,1929-January 28, 1930. Léon-Martin, Louis, “Montmartre Russes, choses vues,” Candide, April 24,1924. “Les Russes blancs, chauffeurs de Taxis à Paris,” www.lestaxis.fr/viewtopic.php ?t=668. Liaut, Jean-Noël, Natalie Paley: Une princesse déchirée /princesse en exil, Paris, Filipacchi, 1996. Maire, Svetlana, “La recherche de Pâme slave’ chez les émigrés russes de la première vague en France,” www.persee.fr/doc/russe_l 161-0557_201 l_num_36_l_2442?q=Teffi. Marevna (Marevna Vorobieff), Mémoires d’une nomade, Paris: Encre Editions, 1979. Melenevsky, Natalia, Les naufrages de la mer noire: Historié de Malia, jeune fille russe, Paris: Fayard, 1978. Menegaldo, Hélène, Les Russes à Paris 1919-1939, Paris: Editions Autrement, 1998. Mitterrand, Frédéric, Mémoires d’exil, Paris: Robert Laffont, 1999. Oldenbourg, Zoé, Visages d’un autoportrait, Paris: Gallimard, 1977. Raynaud, E., “Paris Capitale de l’exil—II Les Émigrés russes,” Le Petit Journal, February
14,1930. Ross, Nicolas, De Koutiepov à Miller. Le combat des russes blancs, 1930-1940, Paris: Syrtes, 2017. ------ Aux sources de l’émigration russe blanche: Gallipoli, Lemnos, Bizerte, 1920-1921, mémoire de l’émigration blanche, Geneva: Editions des Syrtes, 2011. Schor, Ralph, L’opinion française et les étrangers, 1919-39, Paris: Publications de la Sor bonne, 1985. ------ “Les Russes blancs devant l’opinion française (1919-1939),” Cahiers de la Méditer ranée, 1994, 48,211-24. Seris, Raymond, “Les Réfugiés russes à Paris,” Le Petit Journal, March 6,1922. Struve, Nikita, Soixante-dix ans d’émigration russe, 1919-1989, Paris: Fayard, 1996. Suarez, Georges, “Les Enquêtes du Petit Journal: Les Russes à Paris.” 10-part series of articles: December 4—10, 12-14, 1927. Troyat, Henri, Un si long chemin: Conversations avec Maurice Chavardès, Paris: Stock, 1987. ------ Marina Tsvetaeva, l’éternelle insurgée, Paris: B. Grasset, 2001. Valbelle, Roger, “Les Émigrés russes en France. Une enquête.” Excelsior, August 11-25, 1930. Youssupoff (Yusupov), Prince Felix, En exil, Paris: Plon, 1954. Zeisler, Wilfried, Vivre la belle époque à Paris: Olga Paley et Paul de Russie, Paris: Mare et Martin, 2018. 3. RUSSIAN SOURCES Alexandrovsky, Boris, Iz perezhitogo v chuzhikh krayakh, Moscow: Mysl, 1969. Alexinskaya, T, “Russkaya emigratsiya 1920-1939 gg,” in Russkii Parizh.
Bibliography 307 Annenkov, Georges, Dnevnik Moikh Vstrech, Tsikl tragedii. 2 vols., Moscow: Inter Language Literary Associates, 1966. Buslakova, T. P., Russkii Parizh, Moscow: Izdatelstvo Moskovkogo Universiteta, 1998. Damanskaya, A., “Na Ekrane moei pamyati,” Litsa: Biograficheskii almanakh, Moscow: Feniks, 1996. Don-Aminado, Poezd na tretem puti, Moscow: Proza, 2018. Dumin, S. V., Romanovy. Imperatorskii Dom v izgnanii. Semeinaia khronika, Moscow: Zakharov, 1998. Ehrenburg, Ilya and El Lissitzky, Moi Parizh, Gottingen: Steidl, 2005. Gul, Roman, Ya unes Rossiyu: Apologiya russkoy emigratsii, vol. 2: Rossiya vo Frantsii, www.dkl868.ru/history/gul_ogl.htm. Guseff, Katrin, Russkaya emigratsiya vo Frantsii, Moscow: Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie, 2014. Knorring, Irina, Povest iz sobstvennoy zhizni: Dnevnik, vol. 2, Moscow: Agraf, 2009. ------ O chem poyut vody Salgira: bezhenskiy dnevnik, stikhi o Rossit, Moscow: Krug, 2012 Kovalevsky, Petr, Paskhalnyyi svet na ulitse Daryu: Dnevniki, 1937-1948, Nizhniy Novgorod: Izdatelstvo “Kristianskaya Biblioteka,” 2014. Lobashkova, T. A., Knyaz Imperatorskoy krovy Gavriil Konstantinovich 1887-1955, Biografiya i dokumenty. Moscow: Bumagi Konstantinovichey Dorna Romanovykh, 2016. Lyubimov, Lev, “Na Chuzhbine,” Novyi Mir, 1957, nos. 2, 3, 4. Manukhina, T. I., Puteshestvie iz Peterburga v Parizh v 1921 godu. . . Po materialam Bakhmetevskogo arkhiva, ed. О. О. R. Demidova, Wilhemshorst: F. K. Göpfert, 1996. Meisner, Dmitril, Mirazhy i deistvitelnost: Zapiski emigrant, Moscow: Izd. Agentsva Pechati Novosti, 1966. Obolensky, Pyotr, “Na chuzhoi
storone,” Moskva, 1965, 8,209-12. Obolensky, V. A. and B. Μ. Sarach, Russkiy Almanakh, Paris: B Μ Sarach, 1931. Odoevtseva, Irina, Na beregakh Seny, St. Petersburg: Azbuka-Klassika, 1983. Romanova, Knyagina Antonina, “Kak Byl Spasen Gavriil Konstantinovich,” Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya, 1934, 35: 10-12, 36: 6-7; 37: 414-15, 18; 38: 6-7; 39: 14-15; 40: 18-20. “Russkie emigranty. Shofery taksi: mif i realnost,” https://tanya-mass.livejournal.com /2128504.html. “Russkoe Taksi v Parizhe,” https://parisl814.com/. Sedykh, Andrey, Dalekie, blizkie, New York: Novoe Russkoe Slovo, 1962. ------ Tam, gde byla Rossiya, Paris: Izd. Ya Povolotskago, 1930. Shakhovskaya, Zinaida, Otrazhenie, Paris: YMCA-Press, 1975. ------ Takov moy vek, Moscow: Russkii put, 2008. Shkarenkov, L. K. “Belaya emigratsiya: agoniya kontrrevolyutsii,” Voprosy istorii, 1976, no. 55, 100-20. Stark, Archpriest Boris, “Po Stranitsam Sinoda,” Rossisskii Arkhiv: Istoriya Otechestva v svidetelstvakh i dokymentakh XVIII-XX vv. Almanakh, N, 1994, 565-647. Terapiano, Yuri, Vstrechi, New York: Izdatelstvo Imeni Chekhova, 1953. Uritskaya, R. L. Oni lyubili svoyu stranu. Sudba russkoi emigratsii vo Frantsii 1933-1948, St. Petersburg: Dmitriy Bulanin, 2010.
308 Bibliography Uspenskiy, V. V., “Vospominaniya parizhskogo shofera taksi,” in V. Alloi, T. Pritykina, ed., Diaspora: novye materiały, vol. I, Athenaeum, Feniks, Paris, Saint Petersburg, 2001, 7-30. Varshavsky, Vladimir, Nezamechennoe pokolenie, Moscow: Dom Russkogo Zarubezhya Imeni Aleksandra Solzhenitsyna, 2010. Vertinsky, A., “Chetvert veka bez rodiny,” Moskva, 1962, nos. 3:211-20,4:205-20,5:9-20, 6:212-19; www.rulit.me/books/chetvert-veka-bez-rodiny-stranicy-minuvshego-read -394498-1 .html. Vishniak, Mark, Gody emiyratsii: Parizh-Nyu lork 1919-1969, Stanford: Hoover Insti tution, 1970. ------ “Sovremennye zapiski,” Vospominaniya redaktora, Bloomington, 1957, in Buslakova, Russkii Parizh. Volkonskaya, Sofya, Gore pobezhdennym bezhentsy: Vae Victis, Moscow: Gosudarstvennaya publichnaya istoricheskaya biblioteka Rossii, 2017. Yuniverg, Leonid, ‘“Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya’ как zerkało emigrantskoy zhizni 20-30 godov,” https://artrz.ru/download/1804913147/1805172601/!.
Index Akhmatova, Anna, 51, 264 A la recherche du temps perdu (In Search of Lost Time) (Proust), 15-16 Aldanov, Mark, 225, 264 Alexander I, Tsar, 2 Alexander II, Tsar, 3 Alexander III, Tsar, 3, 4 Alexander Mikhailovich, Grand Duke (Sandro), 7-8, 113, 184, 186-87, 266 death of, 245 leaves Russia, 81-82 in Paris (1919), 86-87 Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, 192-94 Alexandra, Princess of Greece, 12 Alexandra, Queen of the United Kingdom, 81 Alexandra of Hesse-Darmstadt, Tsaritsa (wife of Nicholas II), 3--4,15, 67, 81, 179 Alexandrovsky, Dr. Boris, 97-98 Alexey, heir of Nicholas II, death of, 182 Alexis Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 3, 5, 9-11 death of, 26-27 Americans, in Paris, 163-64, 169 Anastasia (daughter of Nicholas II), claim ants to be, 188-90 Andrey Vladimirovich, Grand Duke, 189, 240 Annenkova, Mariya, 127 anti-Bolsheviks, 134-35, 157, 202 anti-Semitism, 49 Apollinaire, Guillaume, 48, 163 Apollo (ballet), 238 Archipenko, Alexander, 50 aristocracy, Russian escape routes from Russia, 70 growing old in Paris, 266-68 hated by intellectuals, 199 in Paris, pre-War, 1-20, 58-59 those remaining in Russia, humiliated with work assignments, 68 art. See painting; sculpture assassinations, 14, 218 Assembly of the Land, 181 automotive industry, 143-47 low wages in, 147, 149 aviation industry, 143 Bakst, Léon, 22, 25, 32, 53 Balanchine, George, 238 ballet, Russian, 238-40 introduced in France (1907), 27-41 Ballets Russes, 34-Al, 61-62, 116,238 Balletta, Elizabeth, 10
Зіо Beauharnais, Countess Zina, 10 Belle Époque, 56, 59 Benois, Alexandre, 22, 28-29 Berberova, Nina, 144,146,147-49,151, 171-74,176,235, 255, 261, 264,270 Berdyaev, Nikolay, 198,251 Berlin, Russian émigrés in, 151-52, 160-62 Bery, House of, 237 Billancourt (Paris), Russian neighborhood in, 143-48 Blum, Leon, 234 Bobrinskaya, Countess, 127 Bohemian lifestyle, 47 Boldyrev, Ivan, 254 Bolsheviks pre-War in Paris, 43 seize power (November 1917), 67 Boris (Orwell’s friend), 165-66, 232-33 Boris Godunov (opera), 25-26, 246 Boris Vladimirovich, Grand Duke, 178 Borodulina, Irina, 254 Boucheron, 11 bourgeois of Russia, 67 British intelligence, 201 British ships, Russian émigrés transported by, 90-91, 95-96 Bruant, Aristide, 8 Bryunelli, Pavel, 139-40 Buchanan, Meriel, 7 Bulgakov, Father Sergey, 198,251 Bunin, Ivan, 93-95,153-55,158-60, 169-70,176-77,208, 216, 247,256, 258, 264, 266 Nobel Prize, 225-30 cabaret-restaurants, 164-68 café society in Paris, 42 Cameron, Evan, 95-96, 102,105 Cartier, 11,17 car washers/greeters, 131-32 Cassini, Count, 88 Castle, Irene, 58-59 Catherine the Great, 2 cemetery for Russian émigrés, 197-98. See also Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois censorship, Soviet, 154 Index Chagall, Marc, 49, 52-54,60,168 move tó New York, 263 Chaliapin, Feodor, 25-26,245-47 funeral of, 246—47 champagne, 119 Chanel, Gabrielle “Coco,” 115-20 Chanel No. 5 perfume, 117 Charchoune, Serge (Sergey Sharshun), 49 charitable and welfare organizations of Russian émigrés, 111, 195-200,249-52 Charles Worth, 11 Chaumet, 11 Cheka, 72, 77 Chekhov, Anton, 159-60 Collins, Frederick, 122-30, 132
Comité de Secours des Émigrés Russes (Committee to Aid Russian Émigrés), 200 Constantinople, Russian émigrés in, 99-102 Cossacks massacre of protesters by (1905), 14 as porters and freight handlers, in Paris, 133 in White Army, 90 counterintelligence, Soviet, 203 couture (fashion), 17-18, 235-38 Russian émigrés in houses of, 127 Crimea, 70-71, 89 émigrés sailed to Constantinople from, 82-85, 96-98 Crimean peninsula, 96 Crimean War (1853-56), 2 crown of Monomakh, 179 Dagmar of Denmark. See Maria Feodorovna Delage, Jean, 152 Denikin, General Anton, 90-91, 96 Diaghilev, Sergey, 21—41,62,116, 169, 238-40 death of, 238 self-assessment, 21 displaced Russians in Paris, 86-87 See also Russian émigrés Diterikhs, General Mikhail, 181 Djordjadze, Prince Dimitri, 266
Index Dmitri Pavlovich, Grand Duke, 58-59, 108,110,114-19,122-24,184-85,205, 212,266-67 claim to throne, 181,184 death of, 267 a ladies’ man, 115 and Rasputin’s murder, 191 Don-Aminado (Aminodav Shpolyansky), 91-92,176, 216,230, 253 Doumer, Paul, assassination of, 218 Durafour, Antoine, 142-43 economic migrants, 42-43 Efron, Alya, 238 Efron, Sergey, 174-75,257, 259-60 Egorova, Lyubov, 238-39 Ehrenburg, Ilya, 43-55, 61, 62, 63, 64,160, 162-63,168, 256 Ekaterinburg massacre, 73, 189 Elena Vladimirovna (daughter of Grand Duchess Vladimir), 200 Emery, Audrey See Ilyinsky, Princess emigrant press, 172-73 émigrés. See Russian émigrés employment of Russian émigrés, 125, 131-52,165-66, 232-34 English language, advantage to job seekers, 135 Ermolieff, lossif, 144 Evlogii, Bishop, 194-95,249, 265 exoduses of history, 88-89 Exposition de L’Art Russe (1906), 22-23 Exposition Universelle of 1867, 3 expropriations of property, 68 Faberge, 11 factory workers, 146-48 recruitment of, after the War, 146 Russians, 144-46 farms and gardening, Russian émigrés involved in, 135 fashion industry, 17-18,235-38 Fauré, President Félix, 4 film industry, Russians in, 143^44 Films Albatross, 144 The Firebird (Stravinsky), 32-33 Fitzgerald, Scott, 239 311 Fitzgerald, Zelda, 239 Florovsky, Georges, 198 Fokine, Michel, 28-29 France areas recovering from the World War I, need for workers, 133-34 defeat and occupation in World War II, 261-65 Russian émigrés transported to, with official backing, 97,104 Franco-Prussian War (1870-71), 3 Franco-Russian friendship, 3 French Army, Russian enlistees in World War
I, 60-61 French Foreign Legion, Russian émigrés in, 103-4 French language not bothering to learn, 145 and office employment, 135 writing in, by Russian authors, 234-35 Galata, Russian émigrés in, 101 Gallipoli, 103 Gavriil Konstantinovich, Prince, 76-78, 120-21 Gay, Blanche, 255 Gazdanov, Gaito, 140-42 Germany Naziism, 212 occupation of Paris, 262-64 Gimon, Chef Monsieur, 11-12 Gippius, Zinaida, 46, 59-60,155-58,171, 193, 229-30,265-66 Goncharova, Natalya, 169 Gorgulov, Pavel, 218-24 assassination of Paul Doumer, 218, 223 execution of, 222-23 Gorky, Maxim, 77-79,226 Grand Dukes mistresses of, 7 partying in Montmartre (La Tournée des Grands Ducs), 8-9 Great Depression, 232 Great War. See World War I Green Party, 218-19 Greffulhe, Comtesse de, 23, 27-28 Gudachev, Prince, 135
312 Gul, Roman, 142 Gumilev, Nikolay, 51 Gurdjieff, George, 160 Hemingway, Ernest, 107-8 Hendrikoff, Olga, 262-63 Hitler, 187,212 Hitrovo, House of, 237-38 Hôtel Ritz, 1,11 Hôtel Youssoupoff, 15 House of Hitrovo, 127 house searches, 68 Hoyningen-Huene, Baroness Elizaveta, 126, 237 Ignatieff, Count Paul, 135 Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya (Illustrated Russia) (magazine), 252-54 Ilyinsky, Princess (Audrey Emery), 185, 266 intellectuals of Russia, 67 escapees to Paris, 43,45-55, 91-95 hatred of aristocrats, 199 life brand, 237 Iswolsky, Alexander, 87 Iswolsky, Hélène, 250,258 Italian fascism, 212 Jazz Age, 107,162 jewels hiding and retrieval of, 69-70 sale of, 112 Jews in France, deportation of, 268-69 Jews of the Russian Empire, 42-43 cultural restrictions on, 23, 49 economic migrants, 42-43 intellectual and artist emigrants, 43 Karsavina, Tamara, 238, 240 Kataev, Valentin, 93-94 Kazembek, Alexander, 212 “Ke Fer?” (story), 150-51 Kerensky, Alexander, 214-15 move to New York, 263 Kessel, Henri, 235 Kessel, Joseph, 139 Index Khodasevich, Vladislav, 171-74, 216,254, 255-56,261 Kikoine, Michel, 49 Kirill (Cyril) Vladimirovich, Grand Duke, 68-69,212 claim to tsarist throne, 178-88 country estate in Brittany, 188 death of, 245 disloyal to tsar Nicholas, 180 self-proclaimed curator of Russian throne, 178,180 Kitmir brand, 125,235 Knorring, Irina, 240-42,264 Kobosky, Eygeniy, 254-55 Kolchak, Admiral Alexander, 90 Koughoucheff (Kugucheva), Princess, 126 Krasnilov, General, 131-32 Krémégne, Pinchus, 50-51 Krupensky, Alexander, 189 Kschessinska, Mathilde, 238, 239-40 Kuprin, Alexander, 226,
256-57 Kutepov, General Alexander, 204-10 kidnapped and died in custody, 209-10 La Belle Otero, 7 La Goulue, 10 Larionov, Mikhail, 169 La Ruche artist community, 49-55 La Tournée des Grands Ducs (The Grand Dukes’ Tour), 5 League of Nations, 134 Legitimists, 182 Lemnos, 104 Lempicka, Tamara, 121 Lenin, Vladimir lylich Ulyanov appeal to, regarding an execution, 77 leaves Paris (1912), 55-56 in Paris (1906-12), 43-45 returns to Russia (1917), 63 seizes power (1917), 67 strokes, 205 Le Sacre du printemps (ballet), 35^41, 238 opening night, 38^41 Le Tout-Paris, 1 liberal reformists, 44 Lierre, Augustine de, 7
Index literature, Russian, 216,234-35,240-45, 256-66 Lobanova-Rostovskaya, Princess, 127 Lunacharsky, Anatoly, 48 luxury trades, 11 Lvov, Prince Georgiy, 134 Maison Russe, 196-97,266 Maison Tao, 127 Maklakov, Vasily, 153,197 Maklakova, Mariya, 199-200 Mandelstam, Nadezhda, 174 Mansfield, Katherine, 159-60 manual labor, Russian émigrés forced into, 139-40,148-49 Manukhin, Ivan, 159-60 Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark), dowager empress, 82 death of, 208 refused to believe that her sons were dead, 185-86 Maria Pavlovna (the younger), Grand Duchess, 66, 74—75, 80, 108-10, 112-14,122-25,182,198,267 memoirs of, 236 moves to New York (1929), 235-36 working in couture, 119-20 Merezhkovsky, Dmitri, 46, 59-60, 155-58, 226-27,230,265 Meshcherskaya, Princess Vera, 135, 195-96 Mikhail Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, confirmed death of, 182,185 Mikhail Mikhailovich, Grand Duke, 11 military figures, employment in Paris, 132-33 Miller, General Yevgeny (Evgeniy), 210-12 kidnapped and executed, 211 Milyukov, Pavel, 215-16 Mir Iskusstva (World of Art), 22-23 Mirsky, Dmitri, 259 Miss Russia contest (Queen of the Russian Colony), 253-54 mistresses of Grand Dukes, 7 Mladrossi (Young Russia), 212 models and mannequins, Russian, 128 Modigliani, Amedeo, 50-52, 54, 163 Mod label, 127,236 зіз monarchists, 89, 178-88,245 coup attempts against Soviets, 201 legitimists, 182 “three-cornered battle of Pretenders,” 186-87, 201 “Monarchist Union of Central Russia,” 204 Montesquiou, Robert de, 16 Monteux, Pierre, 35-36 Montmartre (Paris), 8-9 Montparnasse (Paris), 42, 46-47, 162-63, 244 Mother Maria Skobtsova,
249-52,268-69 Mozzhukhin, Ivan (Mosjoukine), 144 Muromtseva, Vera, 93-95,153-54,169-70 Murphy, Gerald and Sara, 169, 239 music, Russian, 19-20 introduced in France (1907), 24-26 Nabokov, Vera, 263 Nabokov, Vladimir, 176,216,229-30, 244-45,258,261 move to New York, 263 writing in French, 235 Nansen, Fridtjof, 134 Napoleonic Wars, 2 Naryshkina, Princess Elizaveta, 197 Natasha, Grand Duchess (wife of Mikhail), 267 naziism, 212 needlework, a useful Romanov skill, 113 Nelidov, Alexander, 23,24 Nesterovskaya, Antonina, 120-21 New Economic Policy (1922-24), 206 newspapers, émigré, 214-17 New York, destination of Russian émigrés, 263,269 Nicholas II, Tsar abdication (1917), 63, 66-67 arrest of, 214 confirmed death of, 182,185 murdered with his family (1918), 73,189 and Paul Alexandrovich, 13,15, 56 support of Russian culture, 23-24 visit to France, 3-4 Nijinsky, Vaslav, 29-31, 33, 37,40 Nikolasha. See Nikolay Nikolaevich, Grand Duke
ՅԱ Index Nikolay Nikolaevich, Grand Duke (Nikolasha), 11,181-82,186, 203-5 asked to lead Whites and claim throne, 183-84 death of, 207-8 popularity of, 205 Nin, Anaïs, 128,139 NKVD, 259 propagandizing among the Russian émigrés community, 255 Nobel Prize in Literature, 226-30 Novorossisk battle, 96 Obolenskaya, Princess Lyubov, 127,237 Obolensky, Prince Alexey, 166-67 Odessa, 85 émigré escapes from, 90-91 Odoevtseva, Irina, 264 OGPU, 200, 203-12 Oldenbourg, Zoé, 235 Olga (daughter of Nicholas II), 3 Orlova-Davydova, Countess, 127 Orwell, George, 127,165,232-33 Ourousoff, Princess, 127 Paget, Dorothy, 195-96,198 painting, abstract, banned in Soviet Russia, 168 painting, Russian, 48-55 displayed in Europe, 22 palaces in Russia, confiscation of, 67 Paléologue, Maurice, 14, 65 Paley, Princess Irina, 200 Paley, Natalie, 128 Paley, Princess Olga (née Pistohlkors, later Countess von Hohenfelsen), 12-20, 65-66, 71-72, 75-76, 78, 80-81, 110-12 charitable work with emigres, 111 morganatic marriage with Paul Alexandrovich, 56-57 Paley, Prince Vladimir, 65-66, 74 Parade (ballet), 62 Paris arts in, 22 Bastille Day victory parade (1919), 86 German occupation of, 262-64 Russian aristocracy in, pre-War, 1-20 Russian embassy in, 153,170, 197 Russian émigrés in, 105-8, 152, 154 “Russian Week,” 4 passports, visas, and IDs, 134 Pasternak, Boris, 260 Paul Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 3, 12-20 arrests of, 71, 75-76 execution of, 78 military command in the War, 65-67 morganatic marriage of, 56 move to St. Petersburg, builds palace, 56-58, 109 Pavlova, Anna, 238, 240 Peter the Great, 2 Petrovskaya,
Nina, 254 Picasso, Pablo, 54,163 Pigalle (Paris), 164 Plevitskaya, Nadezhda, 211 poets, Russian, symbolist, 46 Polignac, Prince Edmond de, 19 Poplavsky, Boris, 216,242-45,258 Porter, Cole, 169 Poślednie novosti (newspaper), 215-16, 217, 223 Posokhov, Admiral Sergey, 132 Poutiatine, Prince Sergey, 108-10,124 Poutiatine, Princess, 124 prostitution, as last resort of women refugees, 102 Proust, Marcel, 15-16, 48 provocateurs, Soviet, 203 Rasputin, Grigori murder of, 108,181 supporters of, 186 Yusupov’s memoir about, 191 Rasputin, Maria, 191 Rayner, Oswald, 201-2 Red Army, 70, 90 Reilly, Sidney, 206 religion and the Russian community, 192-95 Remizov, Alexey, 92,161-62, 216,264-65 Remizov, Serafima, 161-62,264 Renault car factory, 144-47
Index return of émigrés to Russia, 59-61, 153-61, 252-61 revolutionaries and anarchists, 4 lifestyle of, in Paris, 43-45 Rivera, Diego, 163 Roerich, Nikolay, 23, 35, 39 Romanov family evacuation of survivors from Crimea, 82-85 execution of four grand dukes, 78 murder of many (1918), 73-74 needlework a useful skill of, 113 registration with Cheka, 72 target of revolutionaries, 67-68 Rotonde cafe, 46-47,163-64 ROVS. See Russian All-Military Union (Russkii Obshchiy Voinskiy Soyuz) Rubakhin, Sergey, 149-50,269-70 Russia loan from France, never repaid, 233 Provisional Government (1917), 214 Russian All-Military Union (Russkii Obshchiy Voinskiy Soyuz, ROVS), 183-84,186,203-12 Russian Civil War (1917-20), 89-91 Russian culture, in Paris (especially in Billancourt), 145-46 Russian diaspora, database of, threatened by Soviets, 200 Russian embassy in Paris, 153,170,197 Russian émigrés anticommunist ones, deprived of Russian citizenship, 134—35 assimilation of into French life, 231, 270 congregating in Paris during the War, 63 districts settled by, 143-46 divided by profession, who “hated each other,” 191-92,199 economic migrants, 42-43 few employed in own profession, 133, 232 hostility toward, 217,223 ill health of many, 199 intellectuals and artists, 43,45-55 number of, 104-5,133, 232,269 315 Olga Paley’s work for, 111 political factions of, 45,212-14 resented by French workers, 119, 128-30,134,142,232-34 return to Russia, 59-61,153-61,252-61 self-described as Russia Abroad, 269 selling family assets for food, 100-102 settlement in various countries, 104 shunned in Paris during
World War II, 262-63 “Soviet” (recently emigrated from Soviet Union), 231-32 suffering from hunger, thirst, and disease, 98-99 transported by ship from Crimea to Constantinople, 82-85, 96-98 wages of, 125 younger generation, political leanings, 212-13 Russian Expeditionary Force (in France in War), 136 Russian language, writing in, 234 Russian Navy (Imperial), 9-11 Russianness in Paris, 230-31 Russian Orthodox Church, 194-95, 198, 249 Russian People’s University, 136, 145 Russian Red Cross, 134 Russian Revolution (1917), 63-64, 66 “enemies” of, 67 Lenin’s preparation for, 44-45 Russian throne, three claimants to, 178-83, 186-87,201 Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05, 9-11 Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, 3 Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, Russian cemetery at, 198,247 St. Sergius Theological Institute, 198 Saison Russe, 26-28, 37 Sandro. See Alexander Mikhailovich, Grand Duke Scheherazade (ballet), 31-32 Sedykh, Andrey, 264 Serbia, 104 Sergey Mikhailovich, Grand Duke, 7,13 assassination of, 14-15
316 Index Shakhovskaya, Princess, 127 Shakhovskaya, Zinaida, 93 shopping in Paris, 17-18 Shpolyansky, Aminodav. See DonAminado Shuvalova, Countess, 199 Siberia, 90 Singer, Winnaretta (Princesse de Polignac), 19-20, 22, 34 Skoblin, General Nikolay, 210, 211 Skouratoff, Colonel, 135 socialist realism, 256-57 Society of Friends of the Soviet Union, 255 Sofiev, Yuri, 241 Soutine, Chaim, 49, 52, 53-54,163,263 Soviet Union belief that it was temporary, 98 countermeasures against émigrés, 200 coup attempts against, 201 diplomatic recognition of, 170, 202 legitimacy of, 270 NEP period, 206 Paris embassy, 153, 170, 197 Sovremennye zapiski (newspaper), 216 Spanish Civil War (1937-38), 213 Spiridovich, Nina, 166 Stalin, 205, 260 Stein, Gertrude, 107 Stravinsky, Igor, 31—41,116, 238 move to New York, 263 strikes and demonstrations, 147, 234 suicides, 254-56 tango, 58 Tao label, 236 taxi drivers getting work as, 136-38, 140 unions of, 138-39 Teffi (Nadezhda Lokhvitskaya), 91, 145, 150-51,176, 216,234,247, 266 Théâtre de la Chauve-Souris, 167 Tikhon, Patriarch, 194 Tolstoy, Alexey, 94, 154, 161, 256 Tolstoy, Mikhail, 166 Torby, Countess, 11 Troekurov, Vladimir, 135 Trotsky, Leon, 44, 70 Troyat, Henri, 92,235,270 Trubetskaya, Mariya, 127 the Trust (Soviet), 203 Tschaikovsky, Anna, claimed to be Anastasia, 188-90 Tsvetaeva, Marina, 174-75, 257-61 Tunisia, 104 Turgenev, Ivan, 2-3 Union for the Return to the Motherland, 255,259 unions, 138-39 United States, Russian émigré destination, 263-64, 269 Vanderbilt, Consuelo, 115 Versailles Peace Conference, 87 Vertinsky, Alexander, 99,103,264
Viardot, Pauline, 2 Victoria Melita, Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna of Russia, 179-80, 187, 245 Vishniak, Mark, 216 Vladimir, Grand Duchess (Maria Pavlovna; Marie of Mecklen burg-Schwerin), 5-6, 68, 83-85, 240 Vladimir Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 3, 5-9, 11 art patronage, 23-24 death of, 26-27 Vladimir Kirillovich, Grand Duke, 245 Vozrozhdenie (Renaissance) (newspaper), 216, 223 waiters, 165-66 Wall Street crash, 237 welfare organizations, 134-35 White Russians, 89-91, 200 anti-Bolshevism among, 202 in Paris, 89,159 White Volunteer Army, 70, 83, 89-91, 96, 181, 183-84, 203,204,213 settled in Gallipoli, 103 work permits, 233-34 World War I (Great War), 59-64
Index Russian enlistees in, 60-61 World War II, 261-65,269 Wrangel, General, 96-97,183-84, 203-7 writers, Russian émigré, 153-77, 216 Writer’s Union, 257 Xenia, Grand Duchess, 113 Yanovsky, Vasily, 157-58, 228, 231,264 Yteb brand, 126, 237 Yudenich, General Nikolay, 90 Yusupov, Prince Felix, 108, 121-22, 237 death of, 267 and Rasputin’s murder, 191 Yusupov, Princess Irina, 267 Yakushev, Alexander, 204 Yalta, 81-82 Zadkine, Chaim, 49, 50 Zemgor, 134-35 /-------------------- Bayerische Staatsbibliothek иЛплһап 317
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Contents Russians in Paris: Cast of Characters xi Chapter I: La Tournée des Grands Ducs 1 Chapter 2: “We Really Did Stagger the World” 21 Chapter 3: “Paris Taught Me, Enriched Me, Beggared Me, Put Me on My Feet” 42 Chapter 4: “We Had Outlived Our Epoch and Were Doomed” 65 Chapter 5: “I Never Thought I Would Have to Drag Out My Life as an Emigre” 86 Chapter 6: “Paris Is Full of Russians” 107 Chapter 7: “How Ruined Russians Earn a Living” 131 Chapter 8: “We Are Not in Exile, We Are on a Mission” 153 Chapter 9: “Emperor Kirill of All the Russias” 178
x Contents Chapter 10: “Ubiquitous Intriguers,” Spies, and Assassins 201 Chapter II: “A Far Violin Among Near Balalaikas” 225 Chapter 12: “I Forever Pity the Exile, a Prisoner, an Invalid” 249 Acknowledgments 271 Notes 275 Bibliography 299 Index 309
Bibliography ELECTRONIC NEWSPAPER AND MAGAZINE ARCHIVES: British Library Newspaper Archive Gallica В nF (French newspapers) Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya online at Ghent University Library Newspaperarchive.com Newspapers.com Persee.fr The Times Archive ELECTRONIC BOOKS ONLINE: www.alexanderpalace.org archive.org az.lib.ru hathitrust.org litmir.me rulit.me PUBLISHED BOOKS AND ARTICLES: In order to facilitate the most user-friendly listing of sources, these are grouped by lan guage rather than primary and secondary sources. I. ENGLISH SOURCES Alexander, Grand Duke of Russia, Once a Grand Duke, Garden City, NY: Garden City Publishing, 1932.
300 Bibliography ------ Always a Grand Duke, New York: Farrar Rinehart, 1933. Alexander, Sidney, Marc Chagall: An Intimate Biography, London: Cassell, 1978. Bailey, Geoffrey, The Conspirators, London: Gollancz, 1961. Basily, Lascelle Meserve de, Memoirs of a Lost World, Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1975. Basily, Nicolas de, Memoirs: Diplomat of Imperial Russia, Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1973. Baxter, John, The Golden Moments of Paris: A Guide to the Paris of the 1920s, New York: Museyon Guides, 2014. Bennett, Vanora, The White Russian, London: Century, 2014. Benois, Alexandre, Reminiscences of the Russian Ballet, London: Putnam, 1947. Berberova, Nina, The Italics Are Mine, London: Vintage, 1993. ------ Billancourt Tales, New York: New Directions Publishing, 2002. ------ The Tattered Cloak and Other Novels, New York: Knopf, 1991. Bethea, David Μ., Khodasevich: His Life and Art, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983. Bonsai, Stephen, Suitors and Suppliants: The Little Nations at Versailles, New York: Pren tice Hall, 1946. Boyd, Brian, Vladimir Nabokov: The Russian Years, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990. Brackman, Roman, The Secret File ofJoseph Stalin: A Hidden Life, London: Frank Cass, 2001. Bunin, Ivan, “The Late Hour,” “In Paris” in Karetnyk, Russian Émigré Short Stories ------ Life ofArseniev, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1994. Cameron, Evan P., Goodbye Russia: Adventures of HM Transport Rio Negro, London: Hodder Stoughton, 1934. Cantacuzene, Princess, “How the Russian Refugees Are Making Good in Europe,” La dies’ Home
Journal 43,1926: 18,193,258. ------ “Exiles Are Reviving Russian Handicrafts,” Ladies’ Home Journal 38, 1921,122. Chamberlain, Lesley, The Philosophy Steamer: Lenin and the Exile of the Intelligentsia, London: Atlantic Books, 2006. Chavchavadze, David, The Grand Dukes, New York: Atlantic International Publications, 1990. Claflin, Davis, C., “Refugees,” chapter VI, 201-26, in Clarence R. Johnson, ed., Constan tinople To-day; or, The Pathfinder Survey of Constantinople, London: Macmillan, 1922. Clarke, William, Hidden Treasures of the Romanovs: Saving the RoyalJewels, Edinburgh: National Museums of Scotland, 2009. Cockfield, Jamie, White Crow: The Life and Times of the Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhail ovich Romanov, 1859-1919, Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2002. Collins, Frederik L., Woman’s Home Companion 49, December 1922, Part I: “What’s Happened to Royalty?”: 17, 18, 119, 120, 122; 50, January 1923, Part II: “The City of Exiles”: 12, 13, 17, 66. ------ This King Business: Intimate Accounts of Royalty as a Going Concern, London: T. Werner Laurie, 1923. Craft, Robert and Igor Stravinsky, Memories and Commentaries, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.
Bibliography 301 Crawford, Rosemary and Michael, Michael and Natasha, London: Weidenfeld Nicol son, 1997. Crespelle, Jean-Paul, Chagall, New York: Coward-McCann, 1970. “Cruel Fate of the Russian Refugees,” Literary Digest 107, October-December 1930, 27. Cyril, Grand Duke, My Life in Russia’s Service, Then and Now, London: Selwyn Blount, 1939. Davis, Mary E., Ballets Russes Style: Diaghilev’s Dancers and Paris Fashion, London: Reaktion Books, 2010. Dewar, Hugo, Assassins at Large, chapter 1: www.marxists.org/archive/dewar/assassins /index.htm. Durkheim, Emile, “Report on the Situation of Russians in France in 1916,” in Martins, Herminio and William Pickering, Debating Durkheim, London: Routledge, 1994. Ehrenburg, Ilya, People and Life: Memoirs, 1891-1917, London: MacGibbon Kee, 1961. ------ Memoirs, 1921-1941, Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1964. ------ Julio Jurenito, London: MacGibbon Kee, 1958. Engberg, Magnus, Maria, Swedish Princess [Maria: Sveriges ryska priinsessa], Sweden: Magnus Engberg Kulturproduktion, 2018. Figes, Orlando, Natasha’s Dance: A Cultural History ofRussia, London: Allen Lane, 2002. Fitzgerald, Zelda, Save Me the Waltz, London: Vintage Classics, 2001. Flanner, Janet, Paris Was Yesterday, 1925-1939, London: Virago, 2003. Fokine, Michel, Memoirs of a Ballet Master, New York: Little, Brown Co., 1961. Forest, Jim, “Mother Maria of Paris,” in Mother Maria Skobtsova: Essential Writings, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 2003. Gabriel Constantinovich, Grand Duke, Memories in the Marble Palace, Ontario: Gilbert’s Books, 2009. Garelick, Rhonda K., Mademoiselle: Coco
Chanel and the Pulse of History, New York: Penguin Random House, 2015. Gazdanov, Gaito, Night Roads, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2009. Gelardi, Julia, From Splendor to Revolution: The Romanov Women, 1847-1928, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2011. Glenny, Michael and Norman Stone, eds., The Other Russia, London: Faber, 1991. Graham, Stephen, Part ofthe Wonderful Scene: An Autobiography, London: Collins, 1964. ------ Europe—Whither Bound?, chapter II, “From Constantinople,” Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1921. Graves, Charles, “Russian Royalties in Exile,” Britannia Eve, March 1, 1933, 22-23, 122-24. Gray, Pauline, The Grand Duke’s Woman, London: Macdonald and Janes, 1976. Griffin, Peter, Less Than a Treason: Hemingway in Paris, Cary, N.C.: Oxford University Press, 1990. Hackel, Sergei, Pearl of Great Price: The Life of Mother Maria Skobtsova, 1891-1945, London: Darton, Longman Todd, 1981. Hall, Coryne, Imperial Dancer, Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2006. Hassell, James E., “Russian Refugees in France and the United States between the World Wars,” Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1991. Hemingway, A Moveable Feast, London: Arrow Books, 1994. Hendrikoff, Olga, A Countess in Limbo: Diaries in War and Revolution, Vancouver: Ink light, 2016.
Зої Bibliography Huddleston, Sisley, Bohemian Literary and Social Life in Paris, London: George G. Harrap Co., 1928. “Humble Jobs of Former Russian Aristocrats,” Literary Digest 78, July 21, 1923, 46, 48, 50,51. Huntingdon, William Chapin, The Homesick Million: Russia-out-of-Russia, Boston, Mass.: Stratford Co., 1933. Ignatieff, Michael, The Russian Album, Penguin: London, 1987. Iswolsky, Hélène, No Time to Grieve: An Autobiographical Journey, Philadelphia: Winchell Company, 1985. Johnston, Robert H., “New Mecca, New Babylon”: Paris and the Russian Exiles, 19201945, Kingston, Ont.: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1988. Jordan, Pamela A., Stalin ’s Singing Spy: The Life and Exile ofNadezhda Plevitskaya, Lan ham, Md., Rowman Littlefield, 2016. Kahan, Sylvia, Music’s Modern Muse: A Life of Winnaretta Singer, Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 2009. Karetnyk, Brian, ed., Russian Emigré Short Stories from Bunin to Yanovsky, London: Pen guin Random House, 2017. Karl, Klaus H., Soutine, New York: Parkstone International, 2015. Karlínsky, Simon, Marina Tsvetaeva: The Woman, Her World, and Her Poetry, Cam bridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. ------ “In Search of Boris Poplavsky” in Bitter Air of Exile, 311-33. ------ and Alfred Apple, The Bitter Air of Exile: Russian Writers in the West, 1922-1972, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. Karsavina, Tamara, Theater Street: The Reminiscences of Tamara Karsavina, London: Constable, 1982. Kessel, Joseph, Princes of the Night, New York: Macaulay Co., 1928. Khodasevich, Vladislav, Selected Poems, London: Angel
Classics, 2013. ------ Necropolis, New York: Columbia University Press, 2019. King, Greg and Penny Wilson, Gilded Prism: The Konstantinovichi Grand Dukes and the Last Years of the Romanov Dynasty, Richmond Heights, Calif.: Eurohistory, 2006. Kleinmichel, Countess, Memories of a Shipwrecked World, New York: Brentano’s, 1923. Klüver, Billy and Julie Martin, Kiki’s Paris: Artists and Lovers, 1900-1930, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994. Kodicek, Ann, ed., Diaghilev: Creator of the Ballets Russes: Art, Music, Dance, London: Lund Humphries Publishers, 1996. Kschessinska, Mathilde, Dancing in Petersburg, New York: Doubleday, 1961. Lifar, Serge, Serge Diaghilev, His Life, His Work, His Legend: An Intimate Biography, New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1940. Livak, Leonid, Russian Emigrés in the Intellectual and Literary Life of Interwar France, Ontario: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2010. Lopokova, Lydia, Dancing for Diaghilev, London: John Murray, 1960. Marie, Grand Duchess of Russia, Things I Remember, London: Cassell, 1930. [NB: pub lished in New York as Education of a Princess] ------ A Princess in Exile, London: Macmillan, 1932. Marie, Queen of Roumania, The Story of My Life, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1934.
Bibliography 303 Marulio, Thomas Gaiton, ed., Ivan Bunin, A Portrait from Letters, Diaries, and Fiction: 1 Russian Requiem, 1885-1920, Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1993. ------ 2 From the Other Shore, 1920-1933, Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1995. ------ 3 The Twilight of Emigré Russia, 1934-1933, Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2002. Maxwell, W. T., “The House with Shuttered Windows,” London Magazine 50: 152, June 1923, 392-96. Meier, Andrew, The Lost Spy: An American in Stalin's Secret Service, New York: W. W. Norton Company, 2008. Miller, Michael, Shanghai on the Métro: Spies, Intrigue, and the French between the Wars, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. Nabokov, Vladimir, Speak, Memory, London: Everyman's Library, 1999. ------ Letters to Vera, New York: Knopf, 2015. Nadelhoffer, Hans, Cartier, London: Thames Hudson, 2007. Nemirovsky, Irène, Le Bal and Snow in Autumn, London: Vintage Books, 2007. Nin, Anaïs, Diary ofAnaïs Nin, 1939-1944, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971. Obolensky, Valerian, Russians in Exile: The History of a Diaspora, CreateSpace Indepen dent Publishing Platform, 2016. [NB: this book has no pagination] Odoevtseva, Irina, Isolde, London: Pushkin Press, 1929. Orwell, George, Down and Out in Paris and London, London: Victor Gollancz, 1933. Pachmuss, Ternira, Betweeen Paris and St. Petersburg: Selected Diaries of Zinaida Hippius. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1975. Paléologue, Maurice, Three Critical Years, 1904, 1903,1906, New York: Robert Speller Sons, 1957. ------ An Ambassador’s Memoirs: 1914-1917, London: Hutchinson, 1973. Paley, Princess,
Memories of Russia: 1916-1919, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1975, http://www.alexanderpalace.org/memoriesrussia/index.html . Peak, Mayme Ober, “Former Ladies of Russian Royalty Working as Paris Dressmaking Models,” Boston Sunday Globe Magazine, February 19,1922. Perry, John Curtis and Constantine Pleshakov, The Flight of the Romanovs: A Family Saga, New York: Basic Books, 2001. Phillips, Alastair, City ofDarkness, City of Light: Emigré Filmmakers in Paris, 1929-1939, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2014. Picardie, Justine, Chanel: The Legend and the Life, London: HarperCollins, 2017. Plekon, Michael, Uncommon Prayer: Prayer in Everyday Experience, Notre Darne, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 2016. Radziwill, Princess Catherine, “The Broken Heart of the Exiled Princess Paley,” Moline Daily Dispatch, February 7,1920. Raeff, Marc, Russia Abroad: A Cultural History of the Russian Emigration, 1919-1939, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990. Rappaport, Helen, Conspirator: Lenin in Exile, London: Hutchinson, 2009. ------ Four Sisters: The Lost Lives of the Romanov Grand Duchesses, London: Macmillan, 2014. Raymond, Boris and David R. Jones, The Russian Diaspora: 1917-1941, Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2000. Ritz, Marie Louise, César Ritz: Host to the World, London: George Harrap, 1938. Roberts, Kenneth L., “Waifs of an Empire,” Saturday Evening Post 194, July-September 1921, 14, 15, 49, 52, 54, 57, 58, 61.
304 Bibliography ------ “Drifting Leaves,” Harper’s 144, February 1922, 364-72. Robien, Louis de, The Diary of a Diplomat in Russia: 1917-1918, New York: Praeger, 1970. Robinson, Paul, Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich: Supreme Commander of the Russian Army, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2016. ------ The White Russian Army in Exile 1920-1941, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Ronald, Susan, A Dangerous Woman: The Life ofFlorence Gould, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2018. Rood, Karen Lane, American Writers in Paris, 1920-1939, vol. 4 of Dictionary of Literary Biography, Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1980. “Royalty Yields to Romance,” Woman’s Home Companion 51,1924, 7-12,25-26, 106. Rubins, Maria, Russian Montparnasse: Transnational Writing in Interwar Paris, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Russian Paris, 1910-1960, exhibition catalog, St. Petersburg: State Russian Museum, 2003. Salisbury, Harrison E., Black Night, White Snow, New York: Doubleday, 1978. Scheijen, Sjeng, Diaghilev, London: Profile Books, 2010. Schouvaloff, Alexander, The Art of Ballets Russes: The Serge Lifar Collection of Theater Designs, Costumes, and Paintings at the Wadsworth Atheneum, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. Skinner, Cornelia Otis, Elegant Wits and Grand Horizontals: Paris, La Belle Epoque, Lon don: Michael Joseph, 1963. Skipwith, Sofka, Sofka, the Autobiography of a Princess, London: Hart-Davis, 1968. Slobin, Greta, Russians Abroad: Literary and Cultural Politics of Diaspora, 1919-1939, Brighton, Mass.: Academic Studies Press, 2013. Smith, Douglas, Former People: The
Destruction of the Russian Aristocracy, London: Mac millan, 2012. Starostina, Natalia, “On Nostalgia and Courage: Russian Émigré Experience in Interwar Paris through the Eyes of Nadezhda Teffi,” in Diasporas: Circulations, Migrations, Histoire 22,2013, 38-53, https://journals.openedition.org/diasporas/. Teffi, Memories: From Moscow to the Black Sea, London: Penguin, 2016. ------ Subtly Worded, London: Pushkin Press, 2014. ------ Rasputin and Other Ironies, London: Pushkin Press, 2014. ------ Gorodok / Little Town, 1927, translated by Edythe Haber, 1982, http://az.lib.ru/t /teffi/text_l 927_gorodok.shtml. Tsvetaeva, Marina, After Russia (Paris 1928): The First Notebook, Swindon, UK: Shearsman Books, 2017. Ular, Adam, Russia from Within, London: Heinemann, 1905. Vaili, Amanda, Everybody Was So Young, London: Warner Books, 1999. Van der Kiste, John, Princess Victoria Melita: Grand Duchess Cyril of Russia, 1876-1936, Stroud, UK: Sutton, 1991. ------ and Coryne Hall, Once a Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II, Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2004. Vassiliev, Alexandre, Beauty in Exile: The Artists, Models, and Nobility Who Fled the Rus sian Revolution and Influenced the World of Fashion, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2000. Volkov, Solomon, Saint Petersburg: A Cultural History, London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1996.
Bibliography зо; Walsh, Stephen, Stravinsky, vol. 1,A Creative Spring: Russia and France, 1882-1934, Lon don: Pimlico, 2002. Wiser, William, The Crazy Years: Paris in the Twenties, New York: Atheneum, 1983. Woon, Basil D., “Russian Nobles Work and Play to Eat,” Bridgeport Telegram, April 28, 1922. ------ The Paris That’s Not in the Guide Books, New York: Robert McBride Co., 1931. Yanovsky, V. S., Elysian Fields: A Book of Memory, Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, 1987. Zinovieff, Elizabeth, A Princess Remembers: A Russian Life, 1892-1982, New York: Y. N. Galitzine J. Ferrand, 1997. Zinovieff, Sofka, Red Princess: A Revolutionary Life, London: Granta Books, 2007. 2. FRENCH SOURCES Anglade, Jean, La vie quotidienne des immigrés en France de 1919 à nos jours, Paris: Hachette Littératures, 1976. Beucler, André, “Russes de France,” Revue de Paris 44: 2, April 15, 1937, 866-96. Boulay, Cyrille, La France des Romanov: De la villégiature à l’exil, Paris: Perrin, 2010. Brummer, General C., “Les derniers jours du Grand Duc Nicholas Mikhailovitch,” Revue de deux mondes, November 15, 1921. Bucamp, Philippe, and Martine Mouchy, Guide de la Russie à Paris, Paris: Parigramme, 2000. Collin, Lucien, “La Nation Dans La Ville: Les ‘Jeunes pousses’ des Russes à Paris,” In transigeant, November 10,1921 ; “Princesses X . et Z . Robes et Manteaux, ” No vember 11,1921. Coulaud, Marcel, “La Russie d’hier réfugiée à Paris: Portraits et Confiances,” Le Journal, March 23,1926; “La grande-duchesse Marie, brodeuse à Paris,” March 24,1926; “Prin cesses et comtesses devenues couturiers,”
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30Ճ Bibliography Kazansky, Konstantin, Cabaret russe, Paris: Olivier Orban, 1978. Kessel, J., “De quoi se compose Paris?—Les Russes,” Paris-soir, April 13,1924. Korliakov, Andrei, Histoire illustrée de l’émigration russe, 1917-1947, rev. ed., Paris: YMCA-Press, 2020. Krummenacker, Carolyne, “La mode des cabarets russes à Montmartre,” Le Vieux Mont martre, Société d’Histoire et d’Archéologie des IX et XVIII Arrondissements Fondée en 1886, 2003. 12-19. Ledré, Charles, Les émigrés russes en France, Ce qu’ils sont, ce qu’ils font, ce qu’ils pensent, Paris: Editions Specs, 1930. “L’Émigration russe à Paris,” Echo de Paris, November 10,1929-January 28, 1930. Léon-Martin, Louis, “Montmartre Russes, choses vues,” Candide, April 24,1924. “Les Russes blancs, chauffeurs de Taxis à Paris,” www.lestaxis.fr/viewtopic.php ?t=668. Liaut, Jean-Noël, Natalie Paley: Une princesse déchirée /princesse en exil, Paris, Filipacchi, 1996. Maire, Svetlana, “La recherche de Pâme slave’ chez les émigrés russes de la première vague en France,” www.persee.fr/doc/russe_l 161-0557_201 l_num_36_l_2442?q=Teffi. Marevna (Marevna Vorobieff), Mémoires d’une nomade, Paris: Encre Editions, 1979. Melenevsky, Natalia, Les naufrages de la mer noire: Historié de Malia, jeune fille russe, Paris: Fayard, 1978. Menegaldo, Hélène, Les Russes à Paris 1919-1939, Paris: Editions Autrement, 1998. Mitterrand, Frédéric, Mémoires d’exil, Paris: Robert Laffont, 1999. Oldenbourg, Zoé, Visages d’un autoportrait, Paris: Gallimard, 1977. Raynaud, E., “Paris Capitale de l’exil—II Les Émigrés russes,” Le Petit Journal, February
14,1930. Ross, Nicolas, De Koutiepov à Miller. Le combat des russes blancs, 1930-1940, Paris: Syrtes, 2017. ------ Aux sources de l’émigration russe blanche: Gallipoli, Lemnos, Bizerte, 1920-1921, mémoire de l’émigration blanche, Geneva: Editions des Syrtes, 2011. Schor, Ralph, L’opinion française et les étrangers, 1919-39, Paris: Publications de la Sor bonne, 1985. ------ “Les Russes blancs devant l’opinion française (1919-1939),” Cahiers de la Méditer ranée, 1994, 48,211-24. Seris, Raymond, “Les Réfugiés russes à Paris,” Le Petit Journal, March 6,1922. Struve, Nikita, Soixante-dix ans d’émigration russe, 1919-1989, Paris: Fayard, 1996. Suarez, Georges, “Les Enquêtes du Petit Journal: Les Russes à Paris.” 10-part series of articles: December 4—10, 12-14, 1927. Troyat, Henri, Un si long chemin: Conversations avec Maurice Chavardès, Paris: Stock, 1987. ------ Marina Tsvetaeva, l’éternelle insurgée, Paris: B. Grasset, 2001. Valbelle, Roger, “Les Émigrés russes en France. Une enquête.” Excelsior, August 11-25, 1930. Youssupoff (Yusupov), Prince Felix, En exil, Paris: Plon, 1954. Zeisler, Wilfried, Vivre la belle époque à Paris: Olga Paley et Paul de Russie, Paris: Mare et Martin, 2018. 3. RUSSIAN SOURCES Alexandrovsky, Boris, Iz perezhitogo v chuzhikh krayakh, Moscow: Mysl, 1969. Alexinskaya, T, “Russkaya emigratsiya 1920-1939 gg,” in Russkii Parizh.
Bibliography 307 Annenkov, Georges, Dnevnik Moikh Vstrech, Tsikl tragedii. 2 vols., Moscow: Inter Language Literary Associates, 1966. Buslakova, T. P., Russkii Parizh, Moscow: Izdatelstvo Moskovkogo Universiteta, 1998. Damanskaya, A., “Na Ekrane moei pamyati,” Litsa: Biograficheskii almanakh, Moscow: Feniks, 1996. Don-Aminado, Poezd na tretem puti, Moscow: Proza, 2018. Dumin, S. V., Romanovy. Imperatorskii Dom v izgnanii. Semeinaia khronika, Moscow: Zakharov, 1998. Ehrenburg, Ilya and El Lissitzky, Moi Parizh, Gottingen: Steidl, 2005. Gul, Roman, Ya unes Rossiyu: Apologiya russkoy emigratsii, vol. 2: Rossiya vo Frantsii, www.dkl868.ru/history/gul_ogl.htm. Guseff, Katrin, Russkaya emigratsiya vo Frantsii, Moscow: Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie, 2014. Knorring, Irina, Povest iz sobstvennoy zhizni: Dnevnik, vol. 2, Moscow: Agraf, 2009. ------ O chem poyut vody Salgira: bezhenskiy dnevnik, stikhi o Rossit, Moscow: Krug, 2012 Kovalevsky, Petr, Paskhalnyyi svet na ulitse Daryu: Dnevniki, 1937-1948, Nizhniy Novgorod: Izdatelstvo “Kristianskaya Biblioteka,” 2014. Lobashkova, T. A., Knyaz Imperatorskoy krovy Gavriil Konstantinovich 1887-1955, Biografiya i dokumenty. Moscow: Bumagi Konstantinovichey Dorna Romanovykh, 2016. Lyubimov, Lev, “Na Chuzhbine,” Novyi Mir, 1957, nos. 2, 3, 4. Manukhina, T. I., Puteshestvie iz Peterburga v Parizh v 1921 godu. . . Po materialam Bakhmetevskogo arkhiva, ed. О. О. R. Demidova, Wilhemshorst: F. K. Göpfert, 1996. Meisner, Dmitril, Mirazhy i deistvitelnost: Zapiski emigrant, Moscow: Izd. Agentsva Pechati Novosti, 1966. Obolensky, Pyotr, “Na chuzhoi
storone,” Moskva, 1965, 8,209-12. Obolensky, V. A. and B. Μ. Sarach, Russkiy Almanakh, Paris: B Μ Sarach, 1931. Odoevtseva, Irina, Na beregakh Seny, St. Petersburg: Azbuka-Klassika, 1983. Romanova, Knyagina Antonina, “Kak Byl Spasen Gavriil Konstantinovich,” Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya, 1934, 35: 10-12, 36: 6-7; 37: 414-15, 18; 38: 6-7; 39: 14-15; 40: 18-20. “Russkie emigranty. Shofery taksi: mif i realnost,” https://tanya-mass.livejournal.com /2128504.html. “Russkoe Taksi v Parizhe,” https://parisl814.com/. Sedykh, Andrey, Dalekie, blizkie, New York: Novoe Russkoe Slovo, 1962. ------ Tam, gde byla Rossiya, Paris: Izd. Ya Povolotskago, 1930. Shakhovskaya, Zinaida, Otrazhenie, Paris: YMCA-Press, 1975. ------ Takov moy vek, Moscow: Russkii put, 2008. Shkarenkov, L. K. “Belaya emigratsiya: agoniya kontrrevolyutsii,” Voprosy istorii, 1976, no. 55, 100-20. Stark, Archpriest Boris, “Po Stranitsam Sinoda,” Rossisskii Arkhiv: Istoriya Otechestva v svidetelstvakh i dokymentakh XVIII-XX vv. Almanakh, N, 1994, 565-647. Terapiano, Yuri, Vstrechi, New York: Izdatelstvo Imeni Chekhova, 1953. Uritskaya, R. L. Oni lyubili svoyu stranu. Sudba russkoi emigratsii vo Frantsii 1933-1948, St. Petersburg: Dmitriy Bulanin, 2010.
308 Bibliography Uspenskiy, V. V., “Vospominaniya parizhskogo shofera taksi,” in V. Alloi, T. Pritykina, ed., Diaspora: novye materiały, vol. I, Athenaeum, Feniks, Paris, Saint Petersburg, 2001, 7-30. Varshavsky, Vladimir, Nezamechennoe pokolenie, Moscow: Dom Russkogo Zarubezhya Imeni Aleksandra Solzhenitsyna, 2010. Vertinsky, A., “Chetvert veka bez rodiny,” Moskva, 1962, nos. 3:211-20,4:205-20,5:9-20, 6:212-19; www.rulit.me/books/chetvert-veka-bez-rodiny-stranicy-minuvshego-read -394498-1 .html. Vishniak, Mark, Gody emiyratsii: Parizh-Nyu lork 1919-1969, Stanford: Hoover Insti tution, 1970. ------ “Sovremennye zapiski,” Vospominaniya redaktora, Bloomington, 1957, in Buslakova, Russkii Parizh. Volkonskaya, Sofya, Gore pobezhdennym bezhentsy: Vae Victis, Moscow: Gosudarstvennaya publichnaya istoricheskaya biblioteka Rossii, 2017. Yuniverg, Leonid, ‘“Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya’ как zerkało emigrantskoy zhizni 20-30 godov,” https://artrz.ru/download/1804913147/1805172601/!.
Index Akhmatova, Anna, 51, 264 A la recherche du temps perdu (In Search of Lost Time) (Proust), 15-16 Aldanov, Mark, 225, 264 Alexander I, Tsar, 2 Alexander II, Tsar, 3 Alexander III, Tsar, 3, 4 Alexander Mikhailovich, Grand Duke (Sandro), 7-8, 113, 184, 186-87, 266 death of, 245 leaves Russia, 81-82 in Paris (1919), 86-87 Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, 192-94 Alexandra, Princess of Greece, 12 Alexandra, Queen of the United Kingdom, 81 Alexandra of Hesse-Darmstadt, Tsaritsa (wife of Nicholas II), 3--4,15, 67, 81, 179 Alexandrovsky, Dr. Boris, 97-98 Alexey, heir of Nicholas II, death of, 182 Alexis Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 3, 5, 9-11 death of, 26-27 Americans, in Paris, 163-64, 169 Anastasia (daughter of Nicholas II), claim ants to be, 188-90 Andrey Vladimirovich, Grand Duke, 189, 240 Annenkova, Mariya, 127 anti-Bolsheviks, 134-35, 157, 202 anti-Semitism, 49 Apollinaire, Guillaume, 48, 163 Apollo (ballet), 238 Archipenko, Alexander, 50 aristocracy, Russian escape routes from Russia, 70 growing old in Paris, 266-68 hated by intellectuals, 199 in Paris, pre-War, 1-20, 58-59 those remaining in Russia, humiliated with work assignments, 68 art. See painting; sculpture assassinations, 14, 218 Assembly of the Land, 181 automotive industry, 143-47 low wages in, 147, 149 aviation industry, 143 Bakst, Léon, 22, 25, 32, 53 Balanchine, George, 238 ballet, Russian, 238-40 introduced in France (1907), 27-41 Ballets Russes, 34-Al, 61-62, 116,238 Balletta, Elizabeth, 10
Зіо Beauharnais, Countess Zina, 10 Belle Époque, 56, 59 Benois, Alexandre, 22, 28-29 Berberova, Nina, 144,146,147-49,151, 171-74,176,235, 255, 261, 264,270 Berdyaev, Nikolay, 198,251 Berlin, Russian émigrés in, 151-52, 160-62 Bery, House of, 237 Billancourt (Paris), Russian neighborhood in, 143-48 Blum, Leon, 234 Bobrinskaya, Countess, 127 Bohemian lifestyle, 47 Boldyrev, Ivan, 254 Bolsheviks pre-War in Paris, 43 seize power (November 1917), 67 Boris (Orwell’s friend), 165-66, 232-33 Boris Godunov (opera), 25-26, 246 Boris Vladimirovich, Grand Duke, 178 Borodulina, Irina, 254 Boucheron, 11 bourgeois of Russia, 67 British intelligence, 201 British ships, Russian émigrés transported by, 90-91, 95-96 Bruant, Aristide, 8 Bryunelli, Pavel, 139-40 Buchanan, Meriel, 7 Bulgakov, Father Sergey, 198,251 Bunin, Ivan, 93-95,153-55,158-60, 169-70,176-77,208, 216, 247,256, 258, 264, 266 Nobel Prize, 225-30 cabaret-restaurants, 164-68 café society in Paris, 42 Cameron, Evan, 95-96, 102,105 Cartier, 11,17 car washers/greeters, 131-32 Cassini, Count, 88 Castle, Irene, 58-59 Catherine the Great, 2 cemetery for Russian émigrés, 197-98. See also Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois censorship, Soviet, 154 Index Chagall, Marc, 49, 52-54,60,168 move tó New York, 263 Chaliapin, Feodor, 25-26,245-47 funeral of, 246—47 champagne, 119 Chanel, Gabrielle “Coco,” 115-20 Chanel No. 5 perfume, 117 Charchoune, Serge (Sergey Sharshun), 49 charitable and welfare organizations of Russian émigrés, 111, 195-200,249-52 Charles Worth, 11 Chaumet, 11 Cheka, 72, 77 Chekhov, Anton, 159-60 Collins, Frederick, 122-30, 132
Comité de Secours des Émigrés Russes (Committee to Aid Russian Émigrés), 200 Constantinople, Russian émigrés in, 99-102 Cossacks massacre of protesters by (1905), 14 as porters and freight handlers, in Paris, 133 in White Army, 90 counterintelligence, Soviet, 203 couture (fashion), 17-18, 235-38 Russian émigrés in houses of, 127 Crimea, 70-71, 89 émigrés sailed to Constantinople from, 82-85, 96-98 Crimean peninsula, 96 Crimean War (1853-56), 2 crown of Monomakh, 179 Dagmar of Denmark. See Maria Feodorovna Delage, Jean, 152 Denikin, General Anton, 90-91, 96 Diaghilev, Sergey, 21—41,62,116, 169, 238-40 death of, 238 self-assessment, 21 displaced Russians in Paris, 86-87 See also Russian émigrés Diterikhs, General Mikhail, 181 Djordjadze, Prince Dimitri, 266
Index Dmitri Pavlovich, Grand Duke, 58-59, 108,110,114-19,122-24,184-85,205, 212,266-67 claim to throne, 181,184 death of, 267 a ladies’ man, 115 and Rasputin’s murder, 191 Don-Aminado (Aminodav Shpolyansky), 91-92,176, 216,230, 253 Doumer, Paul, assassination of, 218 Durafour, Antoine, 142-43 economic migrants, 42-43 Efron, Alya, 238 Efron, Sergey, 174-75,257, 259-60 Egorova, Lyubov, 238-39 Ehrenburg, Ilya, 43-55, 61, 62, 63, 64,160, 162-63,168, 256 Ekaterinburg massacre, 73, 189 Elena Vladimirovna (daughter of Grand Duchess Vladimir), 200 Emery, Audrey See Ilyinsky, Princess emigrant press, 172-73 émigrés. See Russian émigrés employment of Russian émigrés, 125, 131-52,165-66, 232-34 English language, advantage to job seekers, 135 Ermolieff, lossif, 144 Evlogii, Bishop, 194-95,249, 265 exoduses of history, 88-89 Exposition de L’Art Russe (1906), 22-23 Exposition Universelle of 1867, 3 expropriations of property, 68 Faberge, 11 factory workers, 146-48 recruitment of, after the War, 146 Russians, 144-46 farms and gardening, Russian émigrés involved in, 135 fashion industry, 17-18,235-38 Fauré, President Félix, 4 film industry, Russians in, 143^44 Films Albatross, 144 The Firebird (Stravinsky), 32-33 Fitzgerald, Scott, 239 311 Fitzgerald, Zelda, 239 Florovsky, Georges, 198 Fokine, Michel, 28-29 France areas recovering from the World War I, need for workers, 133-34 defeat and occupation in World War II, 261-65 Russian émigrés transported to, with official backing, 97,104 Franco-Prussian War (1870-71), 3 Franco-Russian friendship, 3 French Army, Russian enlistees in World War
I, 60-61 French Foreign Legion, Russian émigrés in, 103-4 French language not bothering to learn, 145 and office employment, 135 writing in, by Russian authors, 234-35 Galata, Russian émigrés in, 101 Gallipoli, 103 Gavriil Konstantinovich, Prince, 76-78, 120-21 Gay, Blanche, 255 Gazdanov, Gaito, 140-42 Germany Naziism, 212 occupation of Paris, 262-64 Gimon, Chef Monsieur, 11-12 Gippius, Zinaida, 46, 59-60,155-58,171, 193, 229-30,265-66 Goncharova, Natalya, 169 Gorgulov, Pavel, 218-24 assassination of Paul Doumer, 218, 223 execution of, 222-23 Gorky, Maxim, 77-79,226 Grand Dukes mistresses of, 7 partying in Montmartre (La Tournée des Grands Ducs), 8-9 Great Depression, 232 Great War. See World War I Green Party, 218-19 Greffulhe, Comtesse de, 23, 27-28 Gudachev, Prince, 135
312 Gul, Roman, 142 Gumilev, Nikolay, 51 Gurdjieff, George, 160 Hemingway, Ernest, 107-8 Hendrikoff, Olga, 262-63 Hitler, 187,212 Hitrovo, House of, 237-38 Hôtel Ritz, 1,11 Hôtel Youssoupoff, 15 House of Hitrovo, 127 house searches, 68 Hoyningen-Huene, Baroness Elizaveta, 126, 237 Ignatieff, Count Paul, 135 Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya (Illustrated Russia) (magazine), 252-54 Ilyinsky, Princess (Audrey Emery), 185, 266 intellectuals of Russia, 67 escapees to Paris, 43,45-55, 91-95 hatred of aristocrats, 199 life brand, 237 Iswolsky, Alexander, 87 Iswolsky, Hélène, 250,258 Italian fascism, 212 Jazz Age, 107,162 jewels hiding and retrieval of, 69-70 sale of, 112 Jews in France, deportation of, 268-69 Jews of the Russian Empire, 42-43 cultural restrictions on, 23, 49 economic migrants, 42-43 intellectual and artist emigrants, 43 Karsavina, Tamara, 238, 240 Kataev, Valentin, 93-94 Kazembek, Alexander, 212 “Ke Fer?” (story), 150-51 Kerensky, Alexander, 214-15 move to New York, 263 Kessel, Henri, 235 Kessel, Joseph, 139 Index Khodasevich, Vladislav, 171-74, 216,254, 255-56,261 Kikoine, Michel, 49 Kirill (Cyril) Vladimirovich, Grand Duke, 68-69,212 claim to tsarist throne, 178-88 country estate in Brittany, 188 death of, 245 disloyal to tsar Nicholas, 180 self-proclaimed curator of Russian throne, 178,180 Kitmir brand, 125,235 Knorring, Irina, 240-42,264 Kobosky, Eygeniy, 254-55 Kolchak, Admiral Alexander, 90 Koughoucheff (Kugucheva), Princess, 126 Krasnilov, General, 131-32 Krémégne, Pinchus, 50-51 Krupensky, Alexander, 189 Kschessinska, Mathilde, 238, 239-40 Kuprin, Alexander, 226,
256-57 Kutepov, General Alexander, 204-10 kidnapped and died in custody, 209-10 La Belle Otero, 7 La Goulue, 10 Larionov, Mikhail, 169 La Ruche artist community, 49-55 La Tournée des Grands Ducs (The Grand Dukes’ Tour), 5 League of Nations, 134 Legitimists, 182 Lemnos, 104 Lempicka, Tamara, 121 Lenin, Vladimir lylich Ulyanov appeal to, regarding an execution, 77 leaves Paris (1912), 55-56 in Paris (1906-12), 43-45 returns to Russia (1917), 63 seizes power (1917), 67 strokes, 205 Le Sacre du printemps (ballet), 35^41, 238 opening night, 38^41 Le Tout-Paris, 1 liberal reformists, 44 Lierre, Augustine de, 7
Index literature, Russian, 216,234-35,240-45, 256-66 Lobanova-Rostovskaya, Princess, 127 Lunacharsky, Anatoly, 48 luxury trades, 11 Lvov, Prince Georgiy, 134 Maison Russe, 196-97,266 Maison Tao, 127 Maklakov, Vasily, 153,197 Maklakova, Mariya, 199-200 Mandelstam, Nadezhda, 174 Mansfield, Katherine, 159-60 manual labor, Russian émigrés forced into, 139-40,148-49 Manukhin, Ivan, 159-60 Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark), dowager empress, 82 death of, 208 refused to believe that her sons were dead, 185-86 Maria Pavlovna (the younger), Grand Duchess, 66, 74—75, 80, 108-10, 112-14,122-25,182,198,267 memoirs of, 236 moves to New York (1929), 235-36 working in couture, 119-20 Merezhkovsky, Dmitri, 46, 59-60, 155-58, 226-27,230,265 Meshcherskaya, Princess Vera, 135, 195-96 Mikhail Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, confirmed death of, 182,185 Mikhail Mikhailovich, Grand Duke, 11 military figures, employment in Paris, 132-33 Miller, General Yevgeny (Evgeniy), 210-12 kidnapped and executed, 211 Milyukov, Pavel, 215-16 Mir Iskusstva (World of Art), 22-23 Mirsky, Dmitri, 259 Miss Russia contest (Queen of the Russian Colony), 253-54 mistresses of Grand Dukes, 7 Mladrossi (Young Russia), 212 models and mannequins, Russian, 128 Modigliani, Amedeo, 50-52, 54, 163 Mod label, 127,236 зіз monarchists, 89, 178-88,245 coup attempts against Soviets, 201 legitimists, 182 “three-cornered battle of Pretenders,” 186-87, 201 “Monarchist Union of Central Russia,” 204 Montesquiou, Robert de, 16 Monteux, Pierre, 35-36 Montmartre (Paris), 8-9 Montparnasse (Paris), 42, 46-47, 162-63, 244 Mother Maria Skobtsova,
249-52,268-69 Mozzhukhin, Ivan (Mosjoukine), 144 Muromtseva, Vera, 93-95,153-54,169-70 Murphy, Gerald and Sara, 169, 239 music, Russian, 19-20 introduced in France (1907), 24-26 Nabokov, Vera, 263 Nabokov, Vladimir, 176,216,229-30, 244-45,258,261 move to New York, 263 writing in French, 235 Nansen, Fridtjof, 134 Napoleonic Wars, 2 Naryshkina, Princess Elizaveta, 197 Natasha, Grand Duchess (wife of Mikhail), 267 naziism, 212 needlework, a useful Romanov skill, 113 Nelidov, Alexander, 23,24 Nesterovskaya, Antonina, 120-21 New Economic Policy (1922-24), 206 newspapers, émigré, 214-17 New York, destination of Russian émigrés, 263,269 Nicholas II, Tsar abdication (1917), 63, 66-67 arrest of, 214 confirmed death of, 182,185 murdered with his family (1918), 73,189 and Paul Alexandrovich, 13,15, 56 support of Russian culture, 23-24 visit to France, 3-4 Nijinsky, Vaslav, 29-31, 33, 37,40 Nikolasha. See Nikolay Nikolaevich, Grand Duke
ՅԱ Index Nikolay Nikolaevich, Grand Duke (Nikolasha), 11,181-82,186, 203-5 asked to lead Whites and claim throne, 183-84 death of, 207-8 popularity of, 205 Nin, Anaïs, 128,139 NKVD, 259 propagandizing among the Russian émigrés community, 255 Nobel Prize in Literature, 226-30 Novorossisk battle, 96 Obolenskaya, Princess Lyubov, 127,237 Obolensky, Prince Alexey, 166-67 Odessa, 85 émigré escapes from, 90-91 Odoevtseva, Irina, 264 OGPU, 200, 203-12 Oldenbourg, Zoé, 235 Olga (daughter of Nicholas II), 3 Orlova-Davydova, Countess, 127 Orwell, George, 127,165,232-33 Ourousoff, Princess, 127 Paget, Dorothy, 195-96,198 painting, abstract, banned in Soviet Russia, 168 painting, Russian, 48-55 displayed in Europe, 22 palaces in Russia, confiscation of, 67 Paléologue, Maurice, 14, 65 Paley, Princess Irina, 200 Paley, Natalie, 128 Paley, Princess Olga (née Pistohlkors, later Countess von Hohenfelsen), 12-20, 65-66, 71-72, 75-76, 78, 80-81, 110-12 charitable work with emigres, 111 morganatic marriage with Paul Alexandrovich, 56-57 Paley, Prince Vladimir, 65-66, 74 Parade (ballet), 62 Paris arts in, 22 Bastille Day victory parade (1919), 86 German occupation of, 262-64 Russian aristocracy in, pre-War, 1-20 Russian embassy in, 153,170, 197 Russian émigrés in, 105-8, 152, 154 “Russian Week,” 4 passports, visas, and IDs, 134 Pasternak, Boris, 260 Paul Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 3, 12-20 arrests of, 71, 75-76 execution of, 78 military command in the War, 65-67 morganatic marriage of, 56 move to St. Petersburg, builds palace, 56-58, 109 Pavlova, Anna, 238, 240 Peter the Great, 2 Petrovskaya,
Nina, 254 Picasso, Pablo, 54,163 Pigalle (Paris), 164 Plevitskaya, Nadezhda, 211 poets, Russian, symbolist, 46 Polignac, Prince Edmond de, 19 Poplavsky, Boris, 216,242-45,258 Porter, Cole, 169 Poślednie novosti (newspaper), 215-16, 217, 223 Posokhov, Admiral Sergey, 132 Poutiatine, Prince Sergey, 108-10,124 Poutiatine, Princess, 124 prostitution, as last resort of women refugees, 102 Proust, Marcel, 15-16, 48 provocateurs, Soviet, 203 Rasputin, Grigori murder of, 108,181 supporters of, 186 Yusupov’s memoir about, 191 Rasputin, Maria, 191 Rayner, Oswald, 201-2 Red Army, 70, 90 Reilly, Sidney, 206 religion and the Russian community, 192-95 Remizov, Alexey, 92,161-62, 216,264-65 Remizov, Serafima, 161-62,264 Renault car factory, 144-47
Index return of émigrés to Russia, 59-61, 153-61, 252-61 revolutionaries and anarchists, 4 lifestyle of, in Paris, 43-45 Rivera, Diego, 163 Roerich, Nikolay, 23, 35, 39 Romanov family evacuation of survivors from Crimea, 82-85 execution of four grand dukes, 78 murder of many (1918), 73-74 needlework a useful skill of, 113 registration with Cheka, 72 target of revolutionaries, 67-68 Rotonde cafe, 46-47,163-64 ROVS. See Russian All-Military Union (Russkii Obshchiy Voinskiy Soyuz) Rubakhin, Sergey, 149-50,269-70 Russia loan from France, never repaid, 233 Provisional Government (1917), 214 Russian All-Military Union (Russkii Obshchiy Voinskiy Soyuz, ROVS), 183-84,186,203-12 Russian Civil War (1917-20), 89-91 Russian culture, in Paris (especially in Billancourt), 145-46 Russian diaspora, database of, threatened by Soviets, 200 Russian embassy in Paris, 153,170,197 Russian émigrés anticommunist ones, deprived of Russian citizenship, 134—35 assimilation of into French life, 231, 270 congregating in Paris during the War, 63 districts settled by, 143-46 divided by profession, who “hated each other,” 191-92,199 economic migrants, 42-43 few employed in own profession, 133, 232 hostility toward, 217,223 ill health of many, 199 intellectuals and artists, 43,45-55 number of, 104-5,133, 232,269 315 Olga Paley’s work for, 111 political factions of, 45,212-14 resented by French workers, 119, 128-30,134,142,232-34 return to Russia, 59-61,153-61,252-61 self-described as Russia Abroad, 269 selling family assets for food, 100-102 settlement in various countries, 104 shunned in Paris during
World War II, 262-63 “Soviet” (recently emigrated from Soviet Union), 231-32 suffering from hunger, thirst, and disease, 98-99 transported by ship from Crimea to Constantinople, 82-85, 96-98 wages of, 125 younger generation, political leanings, 212-13 Russian Expeditionary Force (in France in War), 136 Russian language, writing in, 234 Russian Navy (Imperial), 9-11 Russianness in Paris, 230-31 Russian Orthodox Church, 194-95, 198, 249 Russian People’s University, 136, 145 Russian Red Cross, 134 Russian Revolution (1917), 63-64, 66 “enemies” of, 67 Lenin’s preparation for, 44-45 Russian throne, three claimants to, 178-83, 186-87,201 Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05, 9-11 Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, 3 Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, Russian cemetery at, 198,247 St. Sergius Theological Institute, 198 Saison Russe, 26-28, 37 Sandro. See Alexander Mikhailovich, Grand Duke Scheherazade (ballet), 31-32 Sedykh, Andrey, 264 Serbia, 104 Sergey Mikhailovich, Grand Duke, 7,13 assassination of, 14-15
316 Index Shakhovskaya, Princess, 127 Shakhovskaya, Zinaida, 93 shopping in Paris, 17-18 Shpolyansky, Aminodav. See DonAminado Shuvalova, Countess, 199 Siberia, 90 Singer, Winnaretta (Princesse de Polignac), 19-20, 22, 34 Skoblin, General Nikolay, 210, 211 Skouratoff, Colonel, 135 socialist realism, 256-57 Society of Friends of the Soviet Union, 255 Sofiev, Yuri, 241 Soutine, Chaim, 49, 52, 53-54,163,263 Soviet Union belief that it was temporary, 98 countermeasures against émigrés, 200 coup attempts against, 201 diplomatic recognition of, 170, 202 legitimacy of, 270 NEP period, 206 Paris embassy, 153, 170, 197 Sovremennye zapiski (newspaper), 216 Spanish Civil War (1937-38), 213 Spiridovich, Nina, 166 Stalin, 205, 260 Stein, Gertrude, 107 Stravinsky, Igor, 31—41,116, 238 move to New York, 263 strikes and demonstrations, 147, 234 suicides, 254-56 tango, 58 Tao label, 236 taxi drivers getting work as, 136-38, 140 unions of, 138-39 Teffi (Nadezhda Lokhvitskaya), 91, 145, 150-51,176, 216,234,247, 266 Théâtre de la Chauve-Souris, 167 Tikhon, Patriarch, 194 Tolstoy, Alexey, 94, 154, 161, 256 Tolstoy, Mikhail, 166 Torby, Countess, 11 Troekurov, Vladimir, 135 Trotsky, Leon, 44, 70 Troyat, Henri, 92,235,270 Trubetskaya, Mariya, 127 the Trust (Soviet), 203 Tschaikovsky, Anna, claimed to be Anastasia, 188-90 Tsvetaeva, Marina, 174-75, 257-61 Tunisia, 104 Turgenev, Ivan, 2-3 Union for the Return to the Motherland, 255,259 unions, 138-39 United States, Russian émigré destination, 263-64, 269 Vanderbilt, Consuelo, 115 Versailles Peace Conference, 87 Vertinsky, Alexander, 99,103,264
Viardot, Pauline, 2 Victoria Melita, Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna of Russia, 179-80, 187, 245 Vishniak, Mark, 216 Vladimir, Grand Duchess (Maria Pavlovna; Marie of Mecklen burg-Schwerin), 5-6, 68, 83-85, 240 Vladimir Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 3, 5-9, 11 art patronage, 23-24 death of, 26-27 Vladimir Kirillovich, Grand Duke, 245 Vozrozhdenie (Renaissance) (newspaper), 216, 223 waiters, 165-66 Wall Street crash, 237 welfare organizations, 134-35 White Russians, 89-91, 200 anti-Bolshevism among, 202 in Paris, 89,159 White Volunteer Army, 70, 83, 89-91, 96, 181, 183-84, 203,204,213 settled in Gallipoli, 103 work permits, 233-34 World War I (Great War), 59-64
Index Russian enlistees in, 60-61 World War II, 261-65,269 Wrangel, General, 96-97,183-84, 203-7 writers, Russian émigré, 153-77, 216 Writer’s Union, 257 Xenia, Grand Duchess, 113 Yanovsky, Vasily, 157-58, 228, 231,264 Yteb brand, 126, 237 Yudenich, General Nikolay, 90 Yusupov, Prince Felix, 108, 121-22, 237 death of, 267 and Rasputin’s murder, 191 Yusupov, Princess Irina, 267 Yakushev, Alexander, 204 Yalta, 81-82 Zadkine, Chaim, 49, 50 Zemgor, 134-35 /-------------------- Bayerische Staatsbibliothek иЛплһап 317 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Rappaport, Helen |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1132173426 |
| author_facet | Rappaport, Helen |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Rappaport, Helen |
| author_variant | h r hr |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048257812 |
| classification_rvk | NQ 2530 NQ 5072 NN 1375 |
| contents | Russians in Paris: Cast of characters -- La Tournée des Grands Ducs -- "We really did stagger the world" -- "Paris taught me, enriched me, beggared me, put me on my feet" -- "We had outlived our epoch and were doomed" -- "I never thought I would have to drag out my life as an émigré" -- "Paris is full of Russians" -- "How ruined Russians earn a living" -- "We are not in exile, we are on a mission" -- Emperor Kirill of all the Russias -- "Ubiquitous intriguers," spies, and assassins -- "A far violin among near balalaikas" -- "I forever pity the exile, a prisoner, an invalid" |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1302255823 (DE-599)BVBBV048257812 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte |
| edition | First edition |
| era | Geschichte 1900-1940 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1900-1940 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>06354nam a2200913 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV048257812</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20220928 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">220608s2022 a||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781250273109</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-250-27310-9</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1302255823</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV048257812</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-521</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-188</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">HIST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">NQ 2530</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)128281:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">NQ 5072</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)128536:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">NN 1375</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)126546:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Rappaport, Helen</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1132173426</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">After the Romanovs</subfield><subfield code="b">Russian exiles in Paris from the Belle Époque through revolution and war</subfield><subfield code="c">Helen Rappaport</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">First edition</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">New York</subfield><subfield code="b">St. Martin's Press</subfield><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xvi, 317 Seiten, 8 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen, Karte</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Maps used as endpapers</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Russians in Paris: Cast of characters -- La Tournée des Grands Ducs -- "We really did stagger the world" -- "Paris taught me, enriched me, beggared me, put me on my feet" -- "We had outlived our epoch and were doomed" -- "I never thought I would have to drag out my life as an émigré" -- "Paris is full of Russians" -- "How ruined Russians earn a living" -- "We are not in exile, we are on a mission" -- Emperor Kirill of all the Russias -- "Ubiquitous intriguers," spies, and assassins -- "A far violin among near balalaikas" -- "I forever pity the exile, a prisoner, an invalid"</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"From Helen Rappaport, the New York Times bestselling author of The Romanov Sisters comes After the Romanovs, the story of the Russian aristocrats, artists, and intellectuals who sought freedom and refuge in the City of Light. Paris has always been a city of cultural excellence, fine wine and food and the latest fashions. But it has also been a place of refuge for those fleeing persecution, never more so than before and after the Russian Revolution and the fall of the Romanov dynasty. For years, Russian aristocrats had enjoyed all Belle Epoque Paris had to offer, spending lavishly when they visited. It was a place of artistic experimentation such as Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. But the brutality of the Bolshevik takeover forced Russians of all types to flee their homeland, sometimes leaving with only the clothes on their backs. Arriving in Paris, former princes could be seen driving taxicabs, while their wives who could sew worked for the fashion houses, their unique Russian style serving as inspiration for designers like Coco Chanel. Talented intellectuals, artists, poets, philosophers and writers struggled in exile, eking out a living at menial jobs. Some, like Bunin, Chagall and Stravinsky, encountered great success in the same Paris that welcomed Americans like Fitzgerald and Hemingway. Political activists sought to overthrow the Bolshevik regime from afar, while double agents plotted espionage and assassination from both sides. Others became trapped in a cycle of poverty and their all-consuming homesickness for Russia, the homeland they had been forced to abandon. 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| geographic | Paris (DE-588)4044660-8 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Paris |
| id | DE-604.BV048257812 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T19:59:05Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:33:19Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781250273109 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033638033 |
| oclc_num | 1302255823 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-521 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-521 DE-188 |
| physical | xvi, 317 Seiten, 8 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karte |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220718 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | St. Martin's Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Rappaport, Helen Verfasser (DE-588)1132173426 aut After the Romanovs Russian exiles in Paris from the Belle Époque through revolution and war Helen Rappaport First edition New York St. Martin's Press 2022 xvi, 317 Seiten, 8 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karte txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Maps used as endpapers Russians in Paris: Cast of characters -- La Tournée des Grands Ducs -- "We really did stagger the world" -- "Paris taught me, enriched me, beggared me, put me on my feet" -- "We had outlived our epoch and were doomed" -- "I never thought I would have to drag out my life as an émigré" -- "Paris is full of Russians" -- "How ruined Russians earn a living" -- "We are not in exile, we are on a mission" -- Emperor Kirill of all the Russias -- "Ubiquitous intriguers," spies, and assassins -- "A far violin among near balalaikas" -- "I forever pity the exile, a prisoner, an invalid" "From Helen Rappaport, the New York Times bestselling author of The Romanov Sisters comes After the Romanovs, the story of the Russian aristocrats, artists, and intellectuals who sought freedom and refuge in the City of Light. Paris has always been a city of cultural excellence, fine wine and food and the latest fashions. But it has also been a place of refuge for those fleeing persecution, never more so than before and after the Russian Revolution and the fall of the Romanov dynasty. For years, Russian aristocrats had enjoyed all Belle Epoque Paris had to offer, spending lavishly when they visited. It was a place of artistic experimentation such as Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. But the brutality of the Bolshevik takeover forced Russians of all types to flee their homeland, sometimes leaving with only the clothes on their backs. Arriving in Paris, former princes could be seen driving taxicabs, while their wives who could sew worked for the fashion houses, their unique Russian style serving as inspiration for designers like Coco Chanel. Talented intellectuals, artists, poets, philosophers and writers struggled in exile, eking out a living at menial jobs. Some, like Bunin, Chagall and Stravinsky, encountered great success in the same Paris that welcomed Americans like Fitzgerald and Hemingway. Political activists sought to overthrow the Bolshevik regime from afar, while double agents plotted espionage and assassination from both sides. Others became trapped in a cycle of poverty and their all-consuming homesickness for Russia, the homeland they had been forced to abandon. This is their story"-- Geschichte 1900-1940 gnd rswk-swf Russen (DE-588)4051034-7 gnd rswk-swf Exil (DE-588)4015959-0 gnd rswk-swf Paris (DE-588)4044660-8 gnd rswk-swf Russians / France / Paris / Social life and customs / 20th century Russians / France / Paris / Intellectual life / 20th century Russians / France / Paris / Social conditions / 20th century Political refugees / France / Paris / History / 20th century Exiles / France / Paris / History / 20th century Russians / France / Paris / History / 20th century Paris (France) / Intellectual life / 20th century Russes / France / Paris / Murs et coutumes / 20e siècle Russes / France / Paris / Vie intellectuelle / 20e siècle Russes / France / Paris / Conditions sociales / 20e siècle Russes / France / Paris / Histoire / 20e siècle Paris (France) / Vie intellectuelle / 20e siècle HISTORY / Europe / France Exiles Intellectual life Political refugees Russians Russians / Intellectual life Russians / Social conditions Russians / Social life and customs France / Paris Paris (France / Intellectual life 1900-1999 History Endpapers (Binding) Paris (DE-588)4044660-8 g Russen (DE-588)4051034-7 s Exil (DE-588)4015959-0 s Geschichte 1900-1940 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-1-250-27311-6 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033638033&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033638033&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033638033&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Rappaport, Helen After the Romanovs Russian exiles in Paris from the Belle Époque through revolution and war Russians in Paris: Cast of characters -- La Tournée des Grands Ducs -- "We really did stagger the world" -- "Paris taught me, enriched me, beggared me, put me on my feet" -- "We had outlived our epoch and were doomed" -- "I never thought I would have to drag out my life as an émigré" -- "Paris is full of Russians" -- "How ruined Russians earn a living" -- "We are not in exile, we are on a mission" -- Emperor Kirill of all the Russias -- "Ubiquitous intriguers," spies, and assassins -- "A far violin among near balalaikas" -- "I forever pity the exile, a prisoner, an invalid" Russen (DE-588)4051034-7 gnd Exil (DE-588)4015959-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4051034-7 (DE-588)4015959-0 (DE-588)4044660-8 |
| title | After the Romanovs Russian exiles in Paris from the Belle Époque through revolution and war |
| title_auth | After the Romanovs Russian exiles in Paris from the Belle Époque through revolution and war |
| title_exact_search | After the Romanovs Russian exiles in Paris from the Belle Époque through revolution and war |
| title_exact_search_txtP | After the Romanovs Russian exiles in Paris from the Belle Époque through revolution and war |
| title_full | After the Romanovs Russian exiles in Paris from the Belle Époque through revolution and war Helen Rappaport |
| title_fullStr | After the Romanovs Russian exiles in Paris from the Belle Époque through revolution and war Helen Rappaport |
| title_full_unstemmed | After the Romanovs Russian exiles in Paris from the Belle Époque through revolution and war Helen Rappaport |
| title_short | After the Romanovs |
| title_sort | after the romanovs russian exiles in paris from the belle epoque through revolution and war |
| title_sub | Russian exiles in Paris from the Belle Époque through revolution and war |
| topic | Russen (DE-588)4051034-7 gnd Exil (DE-588)4015959-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Russen Exil Paris |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033638033&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033638033&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033638033&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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