Bloody streets: the Soviet assault on Berlin [1] [Text]
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Bloody streets |b the Soviet assault on Berlin |n [1] |p [Text] |c Aaron Stephan Hamilton |
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| adam_text | Contents Map symbols List of Maps Terms and Abbreviations Acknowledgements Preface to the Revised and Expanded Second Edition Introduction v vi x xi xiii xvi Part I: Prelude 1 Objective Berlin Decision-making and Deception Hitler and the German High Command The Friction of War 2 Fortress Berlin Reymann takes Command 3 Heeresgruppe Weichsel 4 Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation 150th Rifle Division of the Third Shock Army 266th Rifle Division of the Fifth Shock Army 8th Guards Mechanized Corps of the First Guards Tany Army 1st ‘Krasnograd’ Mechanized Corps of the Second Guards Tank Army 27 29 34 39 42 42 69 93 106 106 107 108 Part II: Battle 5 Battle For The Seelow Heights 16 April 17 April 18 April 19 April 20 April 6 Advance On Berlin 21 April 22 April 23 April 24 April 25 April 7 Red Army Lessons Learned And After-Action Reports First Ukrainian Front 8 Assault On Berlin 26 April 27 April 28 April 29 April ’ 30 April 117 117 125 131 137 146 154 154 163 178 189 209 238 254 258 258 280 304 337 358 iii
BLOODY STREETS 1 May 2 May 3 May iv 375 403 414 Part III: Aftermath 9 Escape From Berlin Inside Berlin Western Breakout Northern Breakout Wannsee Breakout 10 Assessments Human Costs Zhukov’s Victory? Koniev’s Conclusion 421 423 423 424 437 455 457 457 458 461 Appendices A US Army Intelligence Report On The Soviet Army In Berlin - 8 May 19451 В Soviet Order Of Battle C First Belarussian Front Casualties D Third Guards Tank Army Casualties E German Order Of Battle F Military Officer Ranks 465 т 472 479 481 483 490 Bibliography Index 491 499
APPENDIX E GERMAN ORDER OF BATTLE n accurate accounting of all formations that fought in and around Berlin is impossible due to the lack of primary documents. Many units were ad-hoc Kampfgruppe formed from training units or stragglers, and named after their senior commander. A Heeresgruppe Weichsel (Army Group Vistula) Generaloberst Gotthard Heinrici 3. Panzer Armee — General Hasso von Manteuffel Festung ‘Swinemünde’ Korps — General Ansat 402 .Ersatz Division 3 .Marine Division XXXII Armee Korps — General Schack Pz.Jgd.Abt.l (1, 3, Kp) S.H.Art.Abt.929 (mot) ‘ Voigt’ Infanterie-Division Kampfgruppe Wentrup Bataillon v. d. Marwitz Kampfgruppe Paul 6Alarm Einh. F.E.B. 1549 (from 549. V.G.D.) 549. Volksgrenadier Division G.R. 1097(1, II Btl.) G.R. 1098 (I, II Btl.) G.R.1099 (I, II Btl.) Füs.Bt1.549 A. R. 1549 Pi.BH.1549 NA. 1549 Flak-Rgt.3 S.Flak-Abt.374 S. Flak-Abt. 474 S.Flak-Abt.437 S. Flak-Abt. 605 Festung Stettin Fest. Inf. Rgt. Stettin. 1 (Btl. 1453, 1454) Fest.Inf.Rgt.Stettin.2 (Btl. 1455, 1457) Fest.lnf.Rgt.Stettin.3 (Btl. Over., Rog.) Fest.Inf.Rgt.Stettin.4 (Btl. Laase, Benner) Fest.Inf.Rgt.Stettin.5 (l.Mar.Btl., Pol.Kp.F.E.B.) Fest. Μ. G.Btl 85 Fest. Μ. G.Btl Stettin 1 Fest.A.K 3132 (Btl. II, III, 3156, 3158) Fest.Pak-Verb VIII (4, 7, 8, 10/XXIV 1-6, 8, 10/XXVII) Pol.Btl.1 Pol.Btl.II Flak-Rgt.121 S.Flak-Abt.150 S. Flak-Abt. 676 281. Infanterie-Division G.R.322 (I, IIBtl.) G.R.368 (I, II Btl.) G.R.418 (I, IIBtl.) Füs.Btl.281 F.E.B.281 A.R.281 (I, II, III, IVBtl.) Pz.Jg.Abt.281 Pi.Btl.281 N.A.281 “Oder”Korps ֊ SS-Obergruppenführer von dem Bach/ General Hörnlein
Flak.Rgt.Herzberg (Flak.Rgt.21 (mot)) Gem. Flak.Abt. 661 S. Flak.Abt. 691 Gem. Flak.Abt. 1104 S.Flak.Abt.I103 I./Flak.Abt.34 (mot) IJFlak.Abt.411 (mot) Divisiongruppe “Müller” (subordinated on 16 April 1945) Kampfgruppe 27-SS-Freiw. Gren.Div. “ Langemarck” Kampfgruppe 28.SS-Freiw. Gren.Div. “Wallonien” Pz.Jagd.Abt. 6 SS-Pz.A.A.4 Division 610z.b.v SS-Pz. Gren. Ersatz und Ausbildung G SS-Pol.Jg.l 483
BLOODY STREETS SS-Polizei-Regiment 8 (I, II, III, Btl.) SS-Polizei-Regiment 50 (I, II, III, Btl.) II./Feld Ausb. Rgt. Оder ‘Klossek’ Infanterie-Division Volkssturm Bataillon “Hamburg” Volkssturm Bataillon “Brandenburg” II./G.R1091 (from 547 V.G.D.) Einst.Btl.Pz.Ausb.Btl.5 (from Pz.Ausb. Verb. “Ostsee”) I./Feld.Ausb.Rgt. “Oder” Panzer-Ausbildungs-Verband “Ostsee’/Stab 227I.D. (mobilized and sent to Prenzlau sector on 28 April 1945) Pz. Gren.Ausb.Reg. “Ostsee” (A) (Pz. Gren.Ausb. Btl.5, 75) Pz. Gren.Ausb.Reg. “Ostsee” (B) (Pz. Gren.Ausb. Btl.76, 90) Pz.Ausb.Reg. “Ostsee” (C) (Pz.Ausb.Abt.5, 13, 2 Pz. V, 2 Jgd.Pz. 38 (t)) Scharf.Schtz. -Lchrg. 4./Fla.Ausb.Kp Pz. Nachr.Ausb. Kp. 82 Krafifahr. Erst.Abt. 4 Pz.Pi.Ausb.Btl.218 XXXXVI Panzer Korps — General Martin Gareis Pz.Armee Sturm-Btl.3 (Kolberg) Pz.Korps.Nachr.Abt.466 Feld. Gend. Trupp. 466 Pz.Korps Kartenstelle.466 V./SS-Art. E. und A. Rgt. Fs-Pz.E. und A. Brig.2 “HG. ” Ausb. Teile 27.SS-Div. “Langemarck” Ausb. Teile 27. SS-Div. “Walloon ” H.Stu. Gesch. Brig.210 H. Stu. Gesch. Brig. 184 S.SS-Pz.Abt.503 Volks.Art. Korps.406 II./Art.Abt.41 IL/Art.Abt.37 SS-Pz.A.R.11 (I, III) (l)Abt.935 Beob.Abt.24 Pz. Beob. Batr.503 547- Volksgrenadier Division G.R.1091 (I, Btl.) G.R.1092 (I, II, Btl.) VSt.Btl. XXV/82 F.E.B.1547 (I, Kp.) Pi.Btl.1547 N.A.1547 II ./Fs.Jg. E. und A. Rgt.3 III ./Fs.Jg. E. und A. Rgt.l VSS-Pz. Gr.Div. “Nederland” (from SS-Pz. Gren. Div. “Nederland”) SS-A.R.23 (I, II, III, Btl.) 484 SS-Pz. Gr. Rgt. 49 SS-Pz.Jg.Abt. 23 Flak Rgt. 138 S.Flak.Abt.1202 S. Flak.Abt. 1102 S.Flak.Abt.229 I/Flak.Abt.611 (mot) 1 .Marine
Infanterie-Division Mar.Inf.Rgt.l (I, II) Mar.Inf.Rgt.2 (I, II) Mar.Inf. Rgt.4 (I, II) Mar.Füs.Btl. 1 Mar.F.E.B.l Mar.A. R. 1 Mar.Pi.Btl.l (I) Mar.Pz.Jg.Abt. 1 (I, II) Mar.N.A. 1 SS-Jgd. Verb. “Solar” SS.Jgd. Verb.Mitte SS.Fs.Jg.BK.600 Flak. Rgt. 6 (mot) (also supported the 11. SS-Pz. Gren. Div.) le.Flak.Abt.83 Flak.Rgt.145 (also supported the 11. SS-Pz. Gren. Div.) gem.Flak.Abt.244 s.Flak.Abt.ll01 I/Flak.Abt.23 (mot) 5HVFlak.Abt (mot) 11 . SS-Pz. Gren. Div. “Nordland” SS-Frw.Pz. G.R.23“Norge” (II, III, Btl.) SS-Frw.Pz.G.R.24 “Danmark” (II, III, Btl.) SS-Pz.A.A. 11 SS-Pz.Abt. 11 SS-Pz.Jg.Abt. 11 SS-Flak.Abt.ll SS-Pz.Pi.Btl.ll SS-Pz.NA.ll III. (germ.) SS-Pz.Korps SS-Pi. Rgt. Stab. 103 SS-Korps.Nach.Abt. 103 SS-Feld. Gend. Trupp. 103 SS-Korps. Sich. Kp. 103 SS-Korps. Kartenst. 103 KpfSchule III (germ.) SS-Pz.Korps 23. SS-Pz. Gren. Div. “Nederland” SS-Frw.Pz.G.R.48 (I, II, Abt.) SS-Frw.Pz.G.R.49 (I, Abt.) SS-Nachr.Kp.23 27. SS-“ Langemarck” SS-Frw.G.R.66 SS-Frw.G.R.67 SS-Pz.Jg.Abt. 18.Pz.Gren.Div. Pz.Gr.30(I, II, Abt.)
APPENDIX E Pz. Gr.51 (I, II, Abt.) Pz.Rgt.ll8 Pz.A.R.118 (I, III Flak.Abt. 1209) Pz.Jg.Abt. 18 N.A.18 3. Panzer Armee Reserves 28.SS-Grenadier Division “ Wallonien” SS.Frw.Gr.Btl. 1/69 SS.Frw.Gr.Btl. П/69 SS-Pi.Kp. SS-Nachr.Kp. 33.SS-Grenadier Division “Charlemagne” SS.Frw.G.R. ”Charlemagne” (1/57,11/58) S.Btl. (1 Pak.Kp., Jgd.Pz.Kp., Flak-Kp.) Sperr-Linien Sperr- Verb. Gaitsch (i )Rgt. Stab 16 (mot.) Pz.A.A.115 Pz.Pi.Btl.630 (mot.) (?)Btl.637 (mot.) E(?)Rgt.Pz.AOK3 (I, II) Pi.Btl.18 (18.Pz.Gren.Div.) 15 .SS-G.R.Division (Lett. Nr. 1) SS-Frw.G.R.32 (I, IL) SS-Frw.G.R.33 (I, II) SS-Frw.G.R.34 (I, II) SS-Füs.Btl. (2 Kp) SS-Art.Abt. (P.E.) SS-Pz.Jg.Abt. (P.E.) SS-Pi.Kp. Ausb.-Verbände “H. G. ” Fs.Jg.E. und Ausb.Rgt. 1 (I, II, Btl.) Fs.Jg.E. und Ausb.Rgt.3(III Btl.) Fs.Jg.E. undAusb.Rgt.4(1, II, III. Btl.) 3. Panzer Armee Ungrouped Formations Panzer Jagd.Division “Weichsel” [Hutlerjugend recruits] Pz.Jgd.Brig.“D”(II, III, Btl.) Pz.Jgd.Brig.“F” (II Btl.) Pz.Jgd.Brig. “R” (III Btl.) Pz.Jgd.Brig“P”(I, II, III, Btl.) Pz.Jgd.Brig.“ D” (1, Btl. 475) Pz.Armee.Nachr. Rgt.3 Pz.Armee. Stu. Btl. Kolberg 3/Feldg.Abt.635 (mot.) Wehrmt.Str. Gr.Pz.AOK.3 G.F.P.703 Front.Aufkl. Tr. (Pz.) 210, 316 Prop.Eins.Fhr. 697 Pz.Armee. Karten. Stelle. 435 3. Panzer Armee Reinforcements Panzer-Auffrischungs- Verband “Krampnitz” (arrived 28 April 1945) Pz. Gren. Reg.“ Krampnitz” 1 ( I,II.Btl.) Pz. Gren.Reg.“Krampnitz”2 (L,II.Btl.) gem.Pz.Abt. “Krampnitz” Pz.Nachr.Kp. “Krampnitz Pz. Späh.Kp. “Krampnitz” Pi.Kp. “Krampnitz” Pz.Jg.Abt. “Krampnitz” Versorgungstr. “Krampnitz” Infanterie-Division Schlageter (1.
RAD) (arrived 29 April 1945) G.R.Schlageter 1 G. R. Schlageter 2 G. R. Schlageter 3 Füs. Btl. Schlageter (4 Kp.) Pz.Jg.Abt.Schlageter (1., 2. (Pz. Schreck), 3. (Fla-), 4. (Sturmgeschütz-) Kp.) Art. Rgt. Schlageter Pi.Btl.Schlageter (3 Kpn.) Nachr.Abt. Schlageter (2 Kpn.) 9.Armee — General Theodor Busse CI.Armee Korps — General Wilhelm Berlin/ General Friedrich Sixt V.A.K.406 Stu. Gesch.Lehr Brig. Ill 5.Jäger Infanterie-Division Jäger-Regiment 56 Jäger-Regiment 75 Artillerie-Regiment 5 I/Artillerie-Regiment 41 Radfahr-Abteilung 5 Panzerjäger-Abteilung 5 Pionier-Bataillon 5 Nachrichten-Abteilung 5 Felderstatz-Bataillon 5 Sanitäts-Abteilung 5 6O6.Infanterie-Division/Div.Stb.z.b. V.606(8 April 1945 H.Gr. Weichsel Daily Operational Map) Schatten Rgt.A Rgt. Sator Btl.Bahlkow Btl. Garny Btl. Spandau Rgt. Rohde Btl. Potsdam Btl. 67 Pol.Btl.Bremen 309.“Berlin”Infanterie-Division (8 April 1945 H. Gr. Weichsel Daily Operational Map) Pz.Jg.Kp. 1129 4 V. St. Btl. Rgt. 1234 (Potsdam) (I, II Btl.) V.A.K.406 25.Panzergrenadier Division Kampfgruppe ‘1001 Nights’ 485
BLOODY STREETS Festung Kuštrin (the fortress defenders either surrendered or escaped west by 28 March 1945) The following OB data for Küstün was derived from 1945 — Als Küstün in Trümmer sank. 1 Festungskommandantur Stab Festungs-Infanterie-Btl. 1450 Pz.Gren.Ersatz-Btl. 50 1 .М.-Btl. zb V.Panzer-Truppe Nr 346 2 .M.-Btl. zbV.Panzer-Truppe Nr 346 3-М.-Btl. Nr 344 Pionier- E. u. A. Btl. 68 Landes-Pio-Btl. 513 Festungs-Art.Abt. I./3132 (4 Batterien) Art. Ersatz-Abti. 39 Flak-Rgt. 114 5 Kampfwagentürme 7.5cm fnichtfeuerbereit) Festungs-Nachrichten-Kompanie 738 Versprengte (gesammelt in der Stülpnagel-Kaserne) Genesenden-Komp. festgehalten) Bewährungs-Btl. Ung.Inf.Btl. IV Turk. Einsatz. Btl. (deutsch) Turk. Einsatz. Btl. (turk) Nordkaukasisches Einsatz.Btl. (deutsch) Nordkaukasisches Einsatz.Btl. (kaukas.) Offiziere und Beamte (aus der Schloß-Kaserne) Volkssturm [Volkssturm Bataillon 16/186] The following OB data for Küstün was derived from the H. Gr. Weichsel Daily Operations Map dated 27 March 1945 and is included here as it is different than reported above: K. Gr. Altstadt (380 Mann) KGr. Mitte (830 Mann) KGr. Vor(?) (180 Mann) K. Gr. Schulz (240 Mann) Eingreif. Res. (480 Mann) Gesamtkampfitarke etwa (3,000 Mann) 2 Btl. from Pz.Div. “Müncheberg” (cut off on 22 April 1945 and joined the Fortress garrison) LVI.Panzer Korps — General Helmuth Weidling 402.V.A.K. 9 .Fallschirmjäger Division — General Bruno Braiier / Oberst Harry Hermann 25. Fallschirmjäger Regiment 26. Fallschirmjäger Regiment 27-Fallschirmjäger Regiment 9. Fallschirmjäger Artillerie Abteilung 9. Panzerjäger
Abteilung 20.Panzergrenadier Division — Generalmajor Georg Scholze 76.Panzergrenadier Regiment 90. Panzergrenadier Regiment 8.Panzer Abteilung 486 2O.Artillerie Regiment “Müncheberg” Panzer Division — Generalmajor Werner Mummert 1 .“Müncheberg”Panzergrenadier Regiment (I, II.Btl.) 2 . “Müncheberg” Panzergrenadier Regiment (I, II.Btl.) 1/29. Panzer Regiment or Pz.Abt. “Müncheberg 1 . Panzer Abteilung 2 .Panzer Abteilung Pz.Art. “Müncheberg” Pz.Jg.Kp. “Müncheberg” Pz.Späh.Kp. “Müncheberg” Pz.Pi.Kp. “Müncheberg” Pz.Nahr.Kp. “Müncheberg” 920 .Däberitz Panzerjäger Brigade XI. SS-Panzer Korps — SS-Obergruppenfiihrer Mathias Kleinheisterkamp 303. “Däberitz” Infanterie-Division 300 . G. R. 301 . GR. 302.G.R. 3O3 .Füs.Btl. 303 .Art.Rgt. Nachr.Abt. 3 03 169 Infanterie-Division 378.G.R. 379.G.R. 392.G.R. Füs.Btl.230 Art.Rgt.230 712. Infanterie-Division 732.G.R. 745.G.R. 764.G.R. 1712.Art.Rgt. Pz.Jg.Abt.712 In addition the division also had the following units assigned as of 8 April 1945 H. Gr. Weichsel Daily Operational Map: Fhj. Rgt. 1239 (I, II. Btl.) Fhj.Rgt.1241 (Gustrom) (I, II.Btl.) 1 AI. Btl. (Hauck) V.St.Btl.108 Schalten Rgt. В AI. Btl. 63 “Kurmark” Panzergrenadier Division Pz.Füs.Rgt. “Kurmark” Pz. Gren. Rgt. 1 “Kurmark” Pz.Gren.Rgt.2 “Kurmark” Pz.Rgt.“Kurmark”(2 Abt., 3 Kp.Jgd.Pz.38) Pi. Btl. Nach.Kp. Heeres-Flak-Bttr.
APPENDIX E Vers.Einheit. “ Kurmark” Festung Frankfurt Garrison ֊ Generalleutnant Ernst Biehler (8 April 1945 H. Gr. Weichsel Daily Operational Map - the total number of soldiers in the Fortress were reported as 12,580) Fest.Gr.Rgt.2with 1 Btl. V.St. Fest. Gr.Rgt.3 with 2 Btl. V.St. Fest. Gr.Rgt. 4with 1 Btl. V.St. Fest.M.G.Btl.84 Fest.Kpf.Gr.Btl.5 (Btl. V.St) Fest.Kpf.Gr.Btl.6 Fest. Kpf. Gr. Btl. 7 Fest. Kpf. Gr. Btl. 8 s.Fla.Abt.185 s.Fla.Abt.405 Tie. Fest. Inf. Fla. Bh. 829 Fest.Nachr.Kp. 737 Fest.Art. Stab. 1320 Fest.Art.Abt. 1325 (3.Bttr.) Fest.Art.Abt. 1326 (4.Bttr.) Fest.Art.Abt.1327 (5-Bttr) 12 (?) 7.5cm Fest.Pak.Vbd. (?) Fest. Pi. Sperr. Btl. 952 VSS-Gebirgs Korps - Oberstgruppenführer Friedrich Jaekeln SS-Pz.Jg.Kp.25 Pz.Jgd. Vbd. 1 Pz.Jgd. Vbd. 2 SS-A.A.505 286.Infanterie-Division 926. G. R. 927.G.R. 931.G.R. 286.Art.Rgt. 32. SS-Freiwilligen-Grenadier-Division “30.Januar ” 86.“Schill”G.R. 87.SS-G.R.“Falke” (?) 88.SS-G.R. SS-Füs.Btl.32 32.SS-Art.Rgt. (mot.) SS-Pz.Jg. StuG.Abt. 32 SS-Nachr.Abt. (mot.).32 1 .V.St.Btl. Thüringen 391 Sicherheits Division (8 April 1945 H.Gr. Weichsel Daily Operational Map and Der Kessel von Halbe) 95.G.R. Fhj. Gr.Rgt. 1233 Art.Rgt.391 SS-Btl.Heyer IIL/1239 K. Gr. Stahlhut Al.Btl.62 Sich.Btl.239 SS.Stu.Btl.z.b.V. VSt.8./16 Div.Rägener (Rst. 433 und 463.I.D.) Fhj.Gr.Rgt. 1237 V.St. BtlMainfranken V.St.Btl.Dresden V.St. Btl. Oberdonau Pol. Btl. Döring Armee Reserve 156.Infanterie-Division 541. Volksgrenadier Division 404. Volks Artillerie Korps 406. Volks Artillerie Korps 408. Volks Artillerie Korps Heeresgruppe Reserve III.SS-germanische
Panzer Korps ֊ SS-ObergruppenJuhrer Felix Steiner (divisions later allocated to the 9-Armee) 11 .SS-NordlandPanzergrenadier Division — SSGruppenführer Jurgen Ziegler I SS-Gruppenführer Dr Gustav Krukenberg 23 .Panzergrenadier Regiment “Norge” 24 .Panzergrenadier Regiment “Danmark” 11. SS Hermann von Salza Panzer Abteilung s. SS.503. Panzer Abteilung 23. SS-“Nederland” Panzergrenadier Division — 55Gruppenführer Wagner SS-Pz.Gren.Rgt.48 “Gen. Seyjfartd” SS-Pz.Gren.Rgt.49 “deRuyter” (Divisions later allocated to the 3.Panzer Armee) 27. SS- “Langemarck” Division 28.SS- “Wallonien” Division ОKW Reserve (later allocated to the LVI. Panzer Korps, 9-Armee) 18. Panzergrenadier Division — Generalleutnant Josef Rauch 30. Panzergrenadier Regiment 51-Panzergrenadier Regiment 118. Panzer Regiment 18Artillerie Regiment 12.Armee — General Walther Wenck XX. Korps — General Carl-Erik Kohler “ Theodor Körner”RAD Division — Generalleutnant Bruno Frankewitz l.G.R. “Theodor Körner” 2. G.R. “Theodor Körner” 3. G.R. “Theodor Körner” Füs.Btl. “Theodor Körner” (4 Kpn.) Pz.Jg.Abt. “Theodor Körner” Art.Rgt. “Theodor Körner”, only Stab and V / 411 Pi.Btl. “Theodor Körner” (3 Kpn.) Nachr.Kp. 487
BLOODY STREETS “Ulrich von Hutten”Infanterie-Division l.G.R “Ulrich von Hutten” 2. G.R. “Ulrich von Hutten” 5. G.R. “Ulrich von Hutten” Füs.Btl. “Ulrich von Hutten” Art.Btl. “Ulrich von Hutten” “Ferdinand von Schill” Infanterie-Division 1. G. R. “Ferdinand von Schill” 2. G.R. “Ferdinand von Schill” 3. G.R. “Ferdinand von Schill” “Scharnhorst” Infanterie-Division 1. G.R. “Schamhorst” 2. G.R. “Schamhorst” 3. G.R. “Schamhorst” Füs.Btl. “Schamhorst” Pz.Jg.Abt. “Schamhorst” Art.Rgt. “Schamhorst” Sturmgeschütz Brigade 1170 XXXIX. Panzer Korps — General Karl Arndt “Clausewitz” Panzer Division Pz.Rgt. “Clausewitz” Pz. Gren. Rgt. 42 l.Pz. Gren.Rgt. “Feldhernhalle” (RIIJII.Btl.) Pz.Art.Abt. 144 Pz.Jg.Abt. “Großdeutschland” Pz.Pi.Btl.144 Pz.Nachr.Kp. “Clausewitz” “SchDgeter” RAD Division 84. Infanterie-Division XXXXI (XLI). Panzer Korps — Generalleutnant Rudolf Holste “von Hake” Infanterie-Division 199.Infanterie-Division “V- Weapons ” Infanterie-Division XXXXVIII. (XLVIII) Panzer Korps — General Maximillian Reichsherr von Edelscheim 14. Flak Division “Leipzig” Kampfgruppe “Halle ” Kampfgruppe Armeegruppe Schörner — Generalfeldmarschall Ferdinand Schörner 4. Panzer Armee — General Fritz-Herbert Gräser (later transferred to 9.Armeè) V.Korps — General Wagner 35. SS-Polizei Grenadier Division SS-Pol.G.R.89 SS-Pol.G.R.90 SS-Pol.G.R91 36.SS-Grenadier Division SS-G.R.72 SS-G.R.73 488 Pz.Abt. “Stahnsdorf”! Pz.Abt. “Stahnsdorf”2 275- Infanterie-Division 983.G.R. 984.G.R. 985. G.R. Füs.Btl.275 Art.Rgt.275 342.Infanterie-Division 554.G.R. 697.G.R. 698.G.R. 21.Panzer Division Pz. Gren. Rgt. 125
Pz. Gren. Rgt. 192 Pz.Rgt. 22 Pz.Art.Rgt.155 HFlak.Abt.305 Pz.Aufkl.Abt.21 Armeegruppe Reserven 10.SS-Pz.Div. “Frundsberg”— SS-Gruppenführer Heinz Harmel SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 21 SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 22 SS-Panzer-Regiment 10 SS-Panzer-Artillerie-Regiment 10 SS-Kradschützen-Regiment 10 SS Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 10 SS Panzerjäger-Abteilung 10 SS Flak-Abteilung 10 SS Pionier-Abteilung 10 SS Panzer-Nachrichten-Abteilung 10 Führer-Begleit Division — Generalmajor Otto-Ernst Remer 102.Panzer Regiment 99-Panzergrenadier Regiment 120. Panzer Artillery Regiment 673. Panzerjäger Abteilung Luftwaffe Flak Abteilung 102.Panzer Reconnaissance Kompanie 124.Panzer Pionier Abteilung 120.Panzer Signals Abteilung 120. Panzer Feldersatz Abteilung Armeegruppe Spree (Reymann) Volkssturm Bataillons “Friedrich Ludwig Jahn” RAD Division - Oberst Gerhard Klein / Oberst Franz l.G.R. “Friedrich Ludwig Jahn” 2. G.R. “Friedrich LudwigJahn” 3. G.R. “Friedrich Ludwig Jahn” Div.Füs.Btl. “Friedrich Ludwig Jahn” (4 Kpn.) Art. Rgt. “Friedrich Ludwig Jahn ” Pi.Btl. “Friedrich LudwigJahn” (3 Kpn.)
APPENDIX E Regiment 126 (Flakgruppe Nord) Regiment 22 (Flakgruppe Süd) Scheinwerfer Regiment 82 s. TurmFlak-Abteilung 123 Stab (Friedrichshain Flak Tower) lKp.ls.123 (Friedrichshain Flak Tower) 2Kp./s. 123 (Humboldthain Flak Tower) 3Kp./s. 123 (Zoo Flak Tower) Other units Ad Hoc Formation Weller (remnants made their way to Armeegruppe Spree (Reymann) in Potsdam) “Potsdam”Infanterie Division — Oberst Erich Lorenz 21.Armee - General der Infanterie Kurt von Tippelskirch Order of battle (27—30 Apr 1945) HI. (germ.) SS-Panzerkorps (from 3. Pz.Armee) Kampfgruppe 4. SS-Polizei-Panzergrenadier-Division 3 .Marine-Infanterie-Division Kampfgruppe 33. Wajfen-Grenadier-Division der SS “Charlemagne” (franz. Nr. 1) Kampfgruppe 15. Waffen-Grenadier Division der SS (lettische Nr. 1) CI.Armee Korps (originally from 9.Armee, then 3·Ρζ. Armee) 5 . Jäger-Division Division z. b. И 606 XXVII. Armee Korps (originally from the 4. Armee) Fallschirm-Panzer-Ersatz- und Ausbildungs-Brigade 2 “Hermann Göring” 1. Marine-Infanterie-Division 547. Volks-Grenadier-Division Independent Flak-Truppe Bataillone (See Table 10) Assorted units that made their way into Berlin as outside reinforcements: Kampfgruppe Müller (sent from Döberitz Training Area on 22 April into the northern suburbs of Spandau) Panzerjäger Brigade Krampnitz Pioneer Abteilung. 968 Machine-gun Abteilung. 116 schwere Panzerjäger-Kompanie. 614 Sturmbataillon Charlemagne (arrived 24 April) Bataillon Fantasma {Spanish SS volunteers already in Berlin) SS-FusilierBattaillon 15 (Latvian volunteers) Verteindigungsbereich Berlin Reserves available on
9 March according to Abt. I/Op. Nr. 400/45geh. Wachregiment Großdeutschland Pz. Spaeh-Komp. Pz.Vern.Abt. 1 II.SS-Pol.Btl. Pol.LdSchtz.Btl. III Pz-Kraftwagen Volkssturm battalions (aproximately 59 battalions from Levy I II) (See Table 7) Remnants ofthe LVI.Pz.Korps 18.Pz.Gren.Div. (intact) Pz.Div. Müncheberg (remnants) 9. Fj.Division (remnants) 11 .SS-Paz. Gren. Div. Nordland (intact) 20. Pz. Gren. Div. (remnants) 309-Inf.Div. Berlin (remnants) 408. Volks-Artillerie Korps (remnants) Stragglers from: 169., 712., 606. and 303.Infanterie Divisions. Notes 1 Hitlerjugend formations Panzerjagd Division 2./Fortress Regiment 60 Skorning Kampfgruppe Hitlerjugend Gruppe 200 Kampfgruppe Thiemer Bundesarchiv, WF-03/5084, Blatt 966-967 cited in 1945 —Als Küstrin in Trümmer sank, Fritz Kohlhase (Eigenverlag, 1996). SS formations Leibstandarte SS AdolfHitler (LSSAH) Wachregiment 1 ./SS-Regiment “Anhalt” 2 ./SS-Regiment Leibstandarte SS AdolfHitler (LSSAH) Ausbildungs-und Ersatz Bataillon Führer-Begleit-Kompanie Reichsführer SS-Begleit Bataillon Luftwaffe formations l .Flak Division (See Table 9) 489
BIBLIOGRAPHY Primary Documents US National Archives, College Park, Maryland Record Group 226: Interagency Working Group (IWG), Boxes 440-442, Box 440 NO 135 “Possibility ofAnglo-German Agreement March 1945 Box 441 NO 841 “German View ofAmerican Russian Relations Jan 1945 NO 855 “German view ofYalta Conference NO 880 “German Evaluation ofAllied Military Affairs Feb 1945” NO 905 “German account ofDecisions Reached at Yalta Conference” Box 442 NO 969 “German Discussion ofYalta Conference Results NO 975 “German Information on Yalta Decision NO 986 “ German Attitude Toward Alleged British Policy on Disagreement at Yalta! Record Group 242: National Archives Collection of Foreign Records Seized T77 Records of Headquarters, German Armed Forces High Command {Oberkommando der Wehrmacht!OKW) T78 Records of Headquarters, German Army High Command {Oberkommando der Heeres!OKH) T311 Records of German Field Commands: Armies ТЗ 13 Records of German Field Commands: Panzer Armies Record Group 331: Records of Allied Operational and Occupational Headquarters, World War II, 1907-1966, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force. G—2 Division. Aerial Imagery Flight Can #ON017070: Image Number 4013, 4305, 4309 Flight Can #ON017062: Image Number 3069, 3073, 3074, 3075, 3081 Flight Can #ON017056: Image Number 3202 Flight Can #ON017082: Image Number 3078 Flight Can #ON014065: 4176, 4175, 4177, 4172 Army Battle Casualties and Non-Combat Deaths in World War II, Final Report (Washington, DC, Statistical and Accounting Branch of the office of the Adjutant General, Department of the US Army:
1946) MS # P-136 The German Defense ofBerlin by Wilhelm Wilmer, Oberst a.d. (Historical Division, United States Army, Europe, 1953) MS # D-189 The Pomeranian Battle and Command in the East (Historical Division, United States Army Europe, 1947) Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, Freiburg, Germany RH 10-173 Panzerdivision Müncheberg RH 19 XV Heeresgruppe Weichsel RH 20—9 9. Armee RH 24-56 EVI. Armeekorps RH 26—309 309.1nfanteriedivision bzw. Infanteriedivision Groâdeutschland RH 27-20 2O.Panzerdivision RH 27-18 18.Panzerdivision RS 4 Brigaden, Bataillons und Verbände der Waffen-SS RS 3-11 11. SS-Freiwilligen Panzer-grenadier-Division (Nordland) RS 3—15 15-Waffen-Grenadierdivision der SS (lett. Nr.l) Cornelius Ryan Collection, Mahn Center, Alden Library, Ohio University, Athens, OH German Forces Box 61 Folder 5 Berlin districts by Army command Chronological listing of days and dates Organization of 3rd 55 Panzer Corps, Apr 23, 1945 Folder 7 Willemer, Wilhelm, “The German Defense of Berlin”, OCMH, MS #P- 136 Box 62 Folder 2 Bauer, Magna, “Ninth Army’s Last Attack and Surrender Apr 21 - May 7, 1945”, OCMH, MS #R֊79, Apr, 1956 Folder 3 Bauer, Magna, “The End of Army Group Weichsel and Twelfth Army, Apr 27 - May 7, 1945”, OCNH, MS #R-69, June, 1956 Folder 5 German messages, field commands and main events, Apr 20-29, 1945 491
BLOODY STREETS Folder 6-7 Army Group Weichsel war diary, Apr 20—29, 1945 Folder 8 OKW messages and documents listing, Feb—Mar, 1945 Folder 9 О KM messages, Apr 26 - May 15,1945 Box 64 Folder 1 OKW documents and messages, Feb - Apr, 1945 Folder 2-3 Army Group Weichsel war diary, Apr 20-29, 1945 Box 65 National (Alpine) Redoubt. Folder 2 Newspaper articles Folder 3 With 12th Army Group’s Reorientation of Strategy, Mar 21, 1945 Folder 4 Hq, 7th Army, G-2 Study on National Redoubt, Mar Lampe, Lt Albrecht, Interview Folder 11 Refior, Col Hans, Interview, Refior, “My Berlin Diary” Folder 12 Reymann, Gen Hellmuth, Interview Reymann, “I Had To Defend Berlin” 3.Panzer Armee Folder 14 Muller-Hillebrand, Maj Gen Burkhart, Interview Folder 15 Steiner, Gen Felix Μ., Interview Folder 16 Von Manteuffel, Gen Hasso, Interview Box 67 9Armee Folder 17 25, 1945 Folder 5 Busse, Gen Theodor, Interview Busse, “The Last Battle of the 9th Army”, MILITARY Hofer, Franz, “National Redoubt”, OCMH, MS #B-458 Folder 6 SCIENCE REVIEW, v.5, #4, Apr, 1955, Bauer, Magna, “Ninth Army’s Last Attack and Surrender”, “The Alpine Defense-Line”/“The Alpine-Fortification”, OCMH, MS #BFolder 7 Von Hengel, Georg R., “The Alpine Redoubt”, OCMH, MS #B-461 Folder 8 Von Hengel, Georg R., “Report on the Alpine Fortress”, OCMH, MS #B—459 Hitlers Bunker. Folder 9 Maps and floor plans of Fuhrerbunker Fuhrer messages and directives concerning defense of Berlin and transfer of command to Doenitz OCMH, MS #R-79 Folder 18 Fritz, Lt Albert, Interview 12.Armee Folder 23 Reichhelm, Col Gunther, Interview Reichhelm, “The Last Rally:
Battles Fought by the German 12th Army in the Heart of Germany, between East and West (13 April - 7 May 1945)”, OCMH, MS #B-606, May 31, 1947 Folder 24 Folder 1 Wenck, Gen Walter, Interview Ritter, H.W, “Factual Report of Interviews with General A.D. Walter Wenck” “Summary of Final Battles between the Order and Kratschmar, Heinz, Interview Folder 2 Elbe in Apr/May 1945 (Especially the Battles of 12th Army)” Army Group Weichsel (Vistula). Box 66 Lohmann, Hanns-Heinrich, Interview Folder 3 Voss, Lt Peter, Interview Hitler’s Court. Folder 15 Erickson, “Conclusions re Hitler’s death” Folder 30 Hitler files. Hitler: Forms for marriage Hitler: Political testament Hitler: Private will Hitler: Will Box 67 OKW Folder 1 Schramm, Percy (ed), Excerpts from WAR DIARY OF THE ARMY HIGH COMMAND, v.4 Folder 5 492 Schultz, Maj Joachim, “War Diary of Hq North (A)”, Apr 20 - May 23, Schultz, “The Battle for Berlin” Berlin Command Folder 10 Box 68 Folder 2 Eismann, Col Hans G., Interview Folder 3 Heinrici, Gen Gotthard, Interview Memoirs Army Group Weichsel command structure Map overlay Statement to Chief of Staff, Apr, 1945 Weapon and equipment lists Folder 4 Heinrici diary History and account Jodl—Heinrici telephone conversation, Apr 26, 1945 Army Group Weichsel war diary, Apr 20-29, 1945
BIBLIOGRAPHY LVI (56th) Panzer Corps Folder 8 Böttcher, Lt Col Friedrich, Interview Box 69 Folder 1 Von Dufving, Col Theodor, Interview “Surrender of Berlin Garrison 1st and 2nd May, 1945” Folder 2 Weidling, Gen H., Russian interrogations Weidling, “The Final Battle in Berlin (April 23 to May 2, 1945)”, WEHRWISSENSCHAFTLICHE RUNDSCHAU, Jan-Mar, 1962 Folder 3 Wohlermann, Hans-Oscar, Interview Wohlermann, “Commentary on General of the Artillery H. Weidlings: The Final Battle in Berlin”, WEHRWISSENSCHAFTLICHE RUNDSCHAU, June, 1962 1st Flak Division Folder 8 Von Zabeltitz, Capt Leonhardt, Interview 9th Paratroop {Fallschirmjäger) Division. Folder 9 Arnold, Lt Hans-Werner, Interview Folder 10 Hirsch, Lt Alfred, Interview Folder 11 Jansen, Lt Hans, Interview Folder 12 Rein, Lt Hans, Interview Nordland Division. Folder 14 Bensch, Sgt Willy, Interview Folder 15 Burghart, Cpl Roman, Inteview Folder 18 Haas, Cpl Fritz, Interview Folder 19 Henseler, Lt Hans, Interview Folder 20 Ilium, Gunnar Μ., Interview Folder 23 Krukenberg, Maj Gen Gustav, Interview Folder 24 Scholles, Sgt Hans-Peter, Interview Folder 25 Timm, Lt Walter, Interview Folder 26 Winge, Pvt Hans-Joachim, Interview Box 69 Volkssturm Folder 30 Haaf, Oskar, Interview Folder 33 Hellriegel, Hermann, Interview Folder 36 Wrede, Fritz, Questionnaire Interview Zoo Flak Tower Folder 7 Ache, Capt Kurt, Interview Hitler Youth. Folder 11 Bonath, PFC Herbert, Interview Folder 12 Feldheim, Willy, Interview Folder 13 Pienkny, Gunther, Interview Folder 14 Schulz, Aribert, Interview Folder 16 Wetzki, Hans J., Interview Cab 81204 Maps Draw
8 Supplement #1 to the report of Col Reichhelm on the battles of the 12th Army, Apr 13 to May 7, 1945: Starting position on Apr 12-13, 1945, scale 1:1,000,000. Supplement #2 to the report of Col Reichhelm on the battles of the 12th Army, Apr 13 to May 7, 1945: Starting positions on Apr 24, 1945, and development of enemy positions until Apr 29, 1945, scale 1:1,000,000. Supplement #3 to the report of Col Reichhelm on the battles of the 12th Army, Apr 13 to May 7, 1945: Position of the 20th A.K. on Apr 28-29 for regrouping and attack, scale 1:250,000 (2 copies). Supplement #4 to the report of Col Reichhelm on the battles of the 12th Army, Apr 13 to May 7, 1945: Position of the 12th Army from May 1 to May 7, 1945, scale 1:250,000. Soviet Forces Box 71 Folder 7 Chuikov, Marshal Vasili Ivanovich, Interview Report from 150th Rifle Division concerning the seizure of the Reichstag Chuikov, “The Assault on Berlin” Duka, Maj Gen Μ., STORMING OF THE SPREE Box 74 Folder 8 Ehrenburg, Ilya, WE COME AS JUDGES Ehrenburg, PEOPLE, YEARS, LIFE v.3 Folder 9 Table of contents of SHTURM BERLINA Red Army Order of Battle, Apr 15, 1945 Bocca, G., “Red Rape: The Final Agony of Berlin,” TRUE (12p.) 493
BLOODY STREETS Box 72 Folder 1 Golbov, Sergei Ivanovich, Interview Folder 2 Ivanov, Maj Gen Georgy Vasilievich, Interview together Folder 5 “Report by the Supreme Commander to the Combined Chiefs of Staff on the Operations in Europe of the Allied Expeditionary Force”, Feb 12, 1944 with Lt Georgy Vladimirovitch Krichevsky and Maj Western Allied Forces Aronvich Lazaris Box 43 Folder 3 Folder 3 Koniev, Marshall Ivan Stephanovich, Interview Koniev, MEMOIRS Account of meeting with Stalin, Apr 1, 1945, from “Forty Five”, NOVIY MIR, #5, 1965 Excerpts from THE GREAT FATHERLAND WAR OF THE SOVIET UNION 1941-1945 Folder 8 Neustroyev, Lt Col S.A., THE STORMING OF THE REICHSTAG Neustroyev, SHTURM BERLINA Box 74 Folder 10 Platonov, S.P., THE SECOND WORLD WAR 1935- 1945 Yedenskii, THE BERLIN OPERATIONS OF THE THIRD SHOCK Folder 12 Popiel, N.N., FORWARD TO BERLIN Account of Stalin-Zhukov—Koniev meeting of Apr 1, 1945 Box 73 Folder 2 Notes of Seelow Heights Terrain Russian book excerpts Folder 3 Thirteen Leading Soviet War Correspondents, WHAT WE SAW IN BERLIN Telpuchowski, Boris S„ THE SOVIET HISTORY OF THE GERAT FATHERLAND WAR 1941-1945 Folder 4 Orders from the Supreme Soviet Command to Front Commanders, Apr 3-23, 1945, Notes on Russian army structure and officer personnel SHTURM BERLINA table of contents and order of battle for April 15, 1945 Box 74 Folder 11 Zhukov, Marshal Georgi K„ “TAKING BERLIN”, MILITARY-HISTORCAL JOURNAL, #6, 1965 Allied Political and Military Leadership Box 42 Folder 1-2 Allied War Diaries Sept 4, 1944 - June, 1945: messages, memos, reports, minutes between SHAEF
and CCS Folder 3-4 SHAEF files Nov 10, 1943 - Mar 31, 1945: letters, memos, messages, minutes, reports between SHAEF and CCS and SHAEF internal activities Background paper: “Political Decision-making Machinery for Germany/Berlin Question, with Special Reference to the British Position (1943-45)” “Instrument of Unconditional Surrender of Germany to the Supreme Commands of the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics” G-З SHAEF to Chief of Staff, GCT 384.1- 1/Plans, May, 1945, subject: Negotiations for the Surrender “Agreement between the Allied High Commands and Certain German Emissaries” “Act of Military Surrender” “Undertaking Given by Certain German Emissaries to the Allied High Commands” “Act of Surrender” (Rheims version) “Act of Military Surrender” (Berlin version) Box В Folder 7 Eisenhower, Dwight D., Interview Box 44 Folder 4 Giliem, A.C., Interview Folder 5 Military orders concerning advance beyond the Elbe River. Hq, 9th Army to Corps commanders, Apr 15, 1945, subject: Future Operations Hq, 9th Army to Corps commanders, Apr 13, 1945, subject: Current Operations Hq, 12th Army, Letter of Instructions Number Twenty, Apr 4, 1945 Hq, 9th Army, Letter of Instructions Number Nineteen, Apr 7, 1945 with Amendment Number One, Apr 11, 1945 Hq, 9th Army, Letter of Instructions Number Eighteen, Mar 29, 1945 Operation ECLIPSE Folder 6 SHAEF Appreciation and Outline Plan, Nov 10, 1944 German translation of captured SHAEF Appreciation and Outline Plan, Nov 10, 1944 English translation of German copy of captured SHAEF Appreciation
and Outline Plan Cab 81204 Drawer 8 Maps of Berlin, showing zones of occupation, scale 1:12,500, 1950. Germany, showing administrative zones of occupation, as of July 1, 1944, 1946. 494
BIBLIOGRAPHY Box 46 Folder 5 Blake, Lt Peter J., Interview Mil Team 440-G report, “Visit to Berlin”, May 8, 1945 Chamberlain, Peter, Doyle, Hillary and Jentz, Thomas, Encyclopedia of German Tanks ofWWII (London, Weidenfeld Military; New Edition, 1999). Chuikov, Marshal Vasili I., The Fall ofBerlin (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1967). Clark, Christopher, Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Tsentral’nyi arkhiv Ministerstva oborony RF (Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense), Moscow “Short summaries of generalized experience of forces provided by army headquarters and staffs of service branches” “Journal of combat actions of the first Belorussian front for April and the first ten days of May 1945” “Summary no. 22 on the generalized combat experience of the forces of the 1st Belorussian Front for April 1945” “Fighting 3rd Guards Tank Army, Vol. VI, as prepared by the Headquarters’ Department on the Use of the War’s Experience” “Extract from the journal of combat actions of forces of the 28th Army” Akte 143. Unterlagen der Ia-Abteilung der 1. Flakdivision: taktische Lagemeldungen von Einheiten der Division während der Kämpfe um Berlin. http.7/wwii.germandocsinrussia.org. Prussia 1600—1947 (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2006). Courtois, Stéhane, et al, (trans. Johnson Murphy and Mark Kramer), The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression (Cambridge, MIA: Harvard University Press, 1999). Crofoot, Craig, The Berlin Direction: April—May 1945: an Extraction ofthe Official Soviet Army Order ofBattle ofthe Berlin Strategic Offensive
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11th SS-Panzergrenadier Division “Nordland”, Eastern Front 1944—45 (England: Helion Company, 2004). Holzträger, Hans, In a Raging Inferno: Combat Units ofthe Hitler Youth, 1944M5 (England: Helion Company, 2000). Jentz, Thomas L., Panzertruppen: The Complete Guide to the Creation Combat Employment of Germany’s Tank Force, 1943—1945 (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 1996). ......... , Germany’s Tiger Tanks: Tiger I II: Combat Tactics (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 1996). .........and Doyle, Hilary L., Germany’s Tiger Tanks: VK45-02 to Tiger II: Design, Production Modifications (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 1996). 496 SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 24 Danmark, Eastern Front, Siegrunen, 2002). Lehmann, Armin D., Hitler’s Last Courier: A Life in Transition (Bloomington, Indiana: Xlibris Corporation, 2000). Luck, Hans von, Panzer Commander: Memoirs of Colonel Hans von Luck (New York: Dell Publishing, 1989). Mabire, Jean, Berlin im Todeskampf1945: Französische Freiwillige der Waffen-SS als letzte Verteidiger der Reichskanzlei 1945 (Coburg, Germany: Nation Europa Verlag, 1995). Macdonogh, Giles, After the Reich: The Brutal History ofthe Allied Occupation (New York: Basic Books, 2007). Maier, Georg, Drama Between Budapest and Vienna: The Final Battles ofthe 6.Panzer-Armee in the East — 1945 (Winnipeg, Canada: J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing, Inc., 2004). Megargee, Geoffrey R, War ofAnnihilation: Combat and Genocide on the Eastern Front, 1941 (Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield Publishers Inc., 2006). Michaelis, Rolf, Die 11 .SS-freiwilligen-Panzer-Grenadier-Division
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BLOODY STREETS Trevor-Roper, H.R.R., The Last Days ofHitler (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1947). ......... (ed.), Blitzkrieg to Defeat: Hitler’s War Directives 1939— 1945 (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1964). Tsouras, Peter G. (ed.). Panzers on the Eastern Front: General Erhard Raus and his Panzer Divisions in Russia 1941—1945 (Barnsley, England: Greenhill Books/Lionel Leventhal Limited London, 2005). Tully, Andrew, Berlin: Story ofa Battle: April—May 1945 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1963). Venghaus, Wolfgang, Berlin 1945: Die Zeit vom 16. April bis 2. Mai: Eine Dokumentation in Berichten, Bildern und Bemerkungen (Netphen, Germany: Venghaus, undated). Voss, Klaus and Kehlenbeck, Paul, Letzte Divisionen 1945: Die Panzerdivision Clausewitz and Die Infanteriedivision Schill (Schleusingen, Germany: AMUN-Verlag, 2000). Wallin, Erik, Göotterdämmerung: Schwedische und deutsche Freiwillige der SS-Division “Nordland” im Endkampf 1945 in Pommern und Berlin (Pluwig, Germany: Munin Verlag GmbH, 2000). Wegner, Bernd, The Waffen-SS: Organization, Ideology and Function (Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell Ltd, 1990). Yelton, David K., Hitlers Volkssturm: The Nazi Militia and the Fall of Germany, 1944-1945 (Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2002). Zhukov, Georgi K., Marshal Zhukovs Greatest Battles (New York: First Cooper Square Press Edition, 2002). Ziemke, Earl E, Stalingrad to Berlin: The German Defeat in the East (New York: Barnes and Noble Books, 1996). Articles Ash, Lucy, ‘The Rape of Berlin’ (2015), https://www.bbc.com/ news/magazine-32529679. Beevor, Antony, ‘By banning
my book, Russia is deluding itself about its past’ (2015), https://www.theguardian.com/ commentisfree/2015/aug/05/banning-book-russia-pastholocaust-red-army-antony-beevor. Bowen, Wayne H., ‘The Ghost Battalion: Spaniards in the Waffen-SS, 1944-1945’, The Historian, 1/1/2001, from www.encyclopedia.com. Burleigh, Michael, ‘Russia’s Revenge’ (2002), https://www. theguardian.com/books/2002/apr/20/historybooks . highereducation. D’este, Carlo, ‘The final Days’ (2002), https://www.nytimes. com/2002/09/08/books/the-final-days.html. Keegan, John, ‘Berlin’, ΜHQ: The Quarterly Journal ofMilitary History, No. 11 (Winter 1990). Novikov, A.A., ‘The Air Forces in the Berlin Operation’, Soviet Military History Journal, May 1975. Rudenko, Air Marshal S.I., On the Employment of Aviation in the Berlin Operation’, Soviet Military History Journal, May 1985. Skorodumov, N., Maneuvers of the 12th Guards Tank Corps in the Berlin Operation’, Soviet Military History Journal, May 1978. 498 “‘The Last Battle” Enrages Pravda; Writer Finds Smear Plot by U.S., Bonn in Ryan Book’ (1966), https://www.nytimes. com/1966/07/11/ archives/the-last-battle-enrages-pravdawriter-finds-smear-plot-by-us-bonn.html. Personal Archives Lennart Westberg. Peter Vandersmissen. Documentaries and Films C. Barrand, K. Jan Hindiks, A. Uvarov, Berlin: At All Cost! (1994). Mikhail Chiaureli, The Fall ofBerlin (Mosfilm Cinema Concern, 1949). Websites http://www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de/ www.russianbattlefield.ru : ‘Development History of the JS-1/ JS-2’ wwii.germandocsinrussia.org
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Contents Map symbols List of Maps Terms and Abbreviations Acknowledgements Preface to the Revised and Expanded Second Edition Introduction v vi x xi xiii xvi Part I: Prelude 1 Objective Berlin Decision-making and Deception Hitler and the German High Command The Friction of War 2 Fortress Berlin Reymann takes Command 3 Heeresgruppe Weichsel 4 Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation 150th Rifle Division of the Third Shock Army 266th Rifle Division of the Fifth Shock Army 8th Guards Mechanized Corps of the First Guards Tany Army 1st ‘Krasnograd’ Mechanized Corps of the Second Guards Tank Army 27 29 34 39 42 42 69 93 106 106 107 108 Part II: Battle 5 Battle For The Seelow Heights 16 April 17 April 18 April 19 April 20 April 6 Advance On Berlin 21 April 22 April 23 April 24 April 25 April 7 Red Army Lessons Learned And After-Action Reports First Ukrainian Front 8 Assault On Berlin 26 April 27 April 28 April 29 April ’ 30 April 117 117 125 131 137 146 154 154 163 178 189 209 238 254 258 258 280 304 337 358 iii
BLOODY STREETS 1 May 2 May 3 May iv 375 403 414 Part III: Aftermath 9 Escape From Berlin Inside Berlin Western Breakout Northern Breakout Wannsee Breakout 10 Assessments Human Costs Zhukov’s Victory? Koniev’s Conclusion 421 423 423 424 437 455 457 457 458 461 Appendices A US Army Intelligence Report On The Soviet Army In Berlin - 8 May 19451 В Soviet Order Of Battle C First Belarussian Front Casualties D Third Guards Tank Army Casualties E German Order Of Battle F Military Officer Ranks 465 т 472 479 481 483 490 Bibliography Index 491 499
APPENDIX E GERMAN ORDER OF BATTLE n accurate accounting of all formations that fought in and around Berlin is impossible due to the lack of primary documents. Many units were ad-hoc Kampfgruppe formed from training units or stragglers, and named after their senior commander. A Heeresgruppe Weichsel (Army Group Vistula) Generaloberst Gotthard Heinrici 3. Panzer Armee — General Hasso von Manteuffel Festung ‘Swinemünde’ Korps — General Ansat 402 .Ersatz Division 3 .Marine Division XXXII Armee Korps — General Schack Pz.Jgd.Abt.l (1, 3, Kp) S.H.Art.Abt.929 (mot) ‘ Voigt’ Infanterie-Division Kampfgruppe Wentrup Bataillon v. d. Marwitz Kampfgruppe Paul 6Alarm Einh. F.E.B. 1549 (from 549. V.G.D.) 549. Volksgrenadier Division G.R. 1097(1, II Btl.) G.R. 1098 (I, II Btl.) G.R.1099 (I, II Btl.) Füs.Bt1.549 A. R. 1549 Pi.BH.1549 NA. 1549 Flak-Rgt.3 S.Flak-Abt.374 S. Flak-Abt. 474 S.Flak-Abt.437 S. Flak-Abt. 605 Festung Stettin Fest. Inf. Rgt. Stettin. 1 (Btl. 1453, 1454) Fest.Inf.Rgt.Stettin.2 (Btl. 1455, 1457) Fest.lnf.Rgt.Stettin.3 (Btl. Over., Rog.) Fest.Inf.Rgt.Stettin.4 (Btl. Laase, Benner) Fest.Inf.Rgt.Stettin.5 (l.Mar.Btl., Pol.Kp.F.E.B.) Fest. Μ. G.Btl 85 Fest. Μ. G.Btl Stettin 1 Fest.A.K 3132 (Btl. II, III, 3156, 3158) Fest.Pak-Verb VIII (4, 7, 8, 10/XXIV 1-6, 8, 10/XXVII) Pol.Btl.1 Pol.Btl.II Flak-Rgt.121 S.Flak-Abt.150 S. Flak-Abt. 676 281. Infanterie-Division G.R.322 (I, IIBtl.) G.R.368 (I, II Btl.) G.R.418 (I, IIBtl.) Füs.Btl.281 F.E.B.281 A.R.281 (I, II, III, IVBtl.) Pz.Jg.Abt.281 Pi.Btl.281 N.A.281 “Oder”Korps ֊ SS-Obergruppenführer von dem Bach/ General Hörnlein
Flak.Rgt.Herzberg (Flak.Rgt.21 (mot)) Gem. Flak.Abt. 661 S. Flak.Abt. 691 Gem. Flak.Abt. 1104 S.Flak.Abt.I103 I./Flak.Abt.34 (mot) IJFlak.Abt.411 (mot) Divisiongruppe “Müller” (subordinated on 16 April 1945) Kampfgruppe 27-SS-Freiw. Gren.Div. “ Langemarck” Kampfgruppe 28.SS-Freiw. Gren.Div. “Wallonien” Pz.Jagd.Abt. 6 SS-Pz.A.A.4 Division 610z.b.v SS-Pz. Gren. Ersatz und Ausbildung G SS-Pol.Jg.l 483
BLOODY STREETS SS-Polizei-Regiment 8 (I, II, III, Btl.) SS-Polizei-Regiment 50 (I, II, III, Btl.) II./Feld Ausb. Rgt. Оder ‘Klossek’ Infanterie-Division Volkssturm Bataillon “Hamburg” Volkssturm Bataillon “Brandenburg” II./G.R1091 (from 547 V.G.D.) Einst.Btl.Pz.Ausb.Btl.5 (from Pz.Ausb. Verb. “Ostsee”) I./Feld.Ausb.Rgt. “Oder” Panzer-Ausbildungs-Verband “Ostsee’/Stab 227I.D. (mobilized and sent to Prenzlau sector on 28 April 1945) Pz. Gren.Ausb.Reg. “Ostsee” (A) (Pz. Gren.Ausb. Btl.5, 75) Pz. Gren.Ausb.Reg. “Ostsee” (B) (Pz. Gren.Ausb. Btl.76, 90) Pz.Ausb.Reg. “Ostsee” (C) (Pz.Ausb.Abt.5, 13, 2 Pz. V, 2 Jgd.Pz. 38 (t)) Scharf.Schtz. -Lchrg. 4./Fla.Ausb.Kp Pz. Nachr.Ausb. Kp. 82 Krafifahr. Erst.Abt. 4 Pz.Pi.Ausb.Btl.218 XXXXVI Panzer Korps — General Martin Gareis Pz.Armee Sturm-Btl.3 (Kolberg) Pz.Korps.Nachr.Abt.466 Feld. Gend. Trupp. 466 Pz.Korps Kartenstelle.466 V./SS-Art. E. und A. Rgt. Fs-Pz.E. und A. Brig.2 “HG. ” Ausb. Teile 27.SS-Div. “Langemarck” Ausb. Teile 27. SS-Div. “Walloon ” H.Stu. Gesch. Brig.210 H. Stu. Gesch. Brig. 184 S.SS-Pz.Abt.503 Volks.Art. Korps.406 II./Art.Abt.41 IL/Art.Abt.37 SS-Pz.A.R.11 (I, III) (l)Abt.935 Beob.Abt.24 Pz. Beob. Batr.503 547- Volksgrenadier Division G.R.1091 (I, Btl.) G.R.1092 (I, II, Btl.) VSt.Btl. XXV/82 F.E.B.1547 (I, Kp.) Pi.Btl.1547 N.A.1547 II ./Fs.Jg. E. und A. Rgt.3 III ./Fs.Jg. E. und A. Rgt.l VSS-Pz. Gr.Div. “Nederland” (from SS-Pz. Gren. Div. “Nederland”) SS-A.R.23 (I, II, III, Btl.) 484 SS-Pz. Gr. Rgt. 49 SS-Pz.Jg.Abt. 23 Flak Rgt. 138 S.Flak.Abt.1202 S. Flak.Abt. 1102 S.Flak.Abt.229 I/Flak.Abt.611 (mot) 1 .Marine
Infanterie-Division Mar.Inf.Rgt.l (I, II) Mar.Inf.Rgt.2 (I, II) Mar.Inf. Rgt.4 (I, II) Mar.Füs.Btl. 1 Mar.F.E.B.l Mar.A. R. 1 Mar.Pi.Btl.l (I) Mar.Pz.Jg.Abt. 1 (I, II) Mar.N.A. 1 SS-Jgd. Verb. “Solar” SS.Jgd. Verb.Mitte SS.Fs.Jg.BK.600 Flak. Rgt. 6 (mot) (also supported the 11. SS-Pz. Gren. Div.) le.Flak.Abt.83 Flak.Rgt.145 (also supported the 11. SS-Pz. Gren. Div.) gem.Flak.Abt.244 s.Flak.Abt.ll01 I/Flak.Abt.23 (mot) 5HVFlak.Abt (mot) 11 . SS-Pz. Gren. Div. “Nordland” SS-Frw.Pz. G.R.23“Norge” (II, III, Btl.) SS-Frw.Pz.G.R.24 “Danmark” (II, III, Btl.) SS-Pz.A.A. 11 SS-Pz.Abt. 11 SS-Pz.Jg.Abt. 11 SS-Flak.Abt.ll SS-Pz.Pi.Btl.ll SS-Pz.NA.ll III. (germ.) SS-Pz.Korps SS-Pi. Rgt. Stab. 103 SS-Korps.Nach.Abt. 103 SS-Feld. Gend. Trupp. 103 SS-Korps. Sich. Kp. 103 SS-Korps. Kartenst. 103 KpfSchule III (germ.) SS-Pz.Korps 23. SS-Pz. Gren. Div. “Nederland” SS-Frw.Pz.G.R.48 (I, II, Abt.) SS-Frw.Pz.G.R.49 (I, Abt.) SS-Nachr.Kp.23 27. SS-“ Langemarck” SS-Frw.G.R.66 SS-Frw.G.R.67 SS-Pz.Jg.Abt. 18.Pz.Gren.Div. Pz.Gr.30(I, II, Abt.)
APPENDIX E Pz. Gr.51 (I, II, Abt.) Pz.Rgt.ll8 Pz.A.R.118 (I, III Flak.Abt. 1209) Pz.Jg.Abt. 18 N.A.18 3. Panzer Armee Reserves 28.SS-Grenadier Division “ Wallonien” SS.Frw.Gr.Btl. 1/69 SS.Frw.Gr.Btl. П/69 SS-Pi.Kp. SS-Nachr.Kp. 33.SS-Grenadier Division “Charlemagne” SS.Frw.G.R. ”Charlemagne” (1/57,11/58) S.Btl. (1 Pak.Kp., Jgd.Pz.Kp., Flak-Kp.) Sperr-Linien Sperr- Verb. Gaitsch (i )Rgt. Stab 16 (mot.) Pz.A.A.115 Pz.Pi.Btl.630 (mot.) (?)Btl.637 (mot.) E(?)Rgt.Pz.AOK3 (I, II) Pi.Btl.18 (18.Pz.Gren.Div.) 15 .SS-G.R.Division (Lett. Nr. 1) SS-Frw.G.R.32 (I, IL) SS-Frw.G.R.33 (I, II) SS-Frw.G.R.34 (I, II) SS-Füs.Btl. (2 Kp) SS-Art.Abt. (P.E.) SS-Pz.Jg.Abt. (P.E.) SS-Pi.Kp. Ausb.-Verbände “H. G. ” Fs.Jg.E. und Ausb.Rgt. 1 (I, II, Btl.) Fs.Jg.E. und Ausb.Rgt.3(III Btl.) Fs.Jg.E. undAusb.Rgt.4(1, II, III. Btl.) 3. Panzer Armee Ungrouped Formations Panzer Jagd.Division “Weichsel” [Hutlerjugend recruits] Pz.Jgd.Brig.“D”(II, III, Btl.) Pz.Jgd.Brig.“F” (II Btl.) Pz.Jgd.Brig. “R” (III Btl.) Pz.Jgd.Brig“P”(I, II, III, Btl.) Pz.Jgd.Brig.“ D” (1, Btl. 475) Pz.Armee.Nachr. Rgt.3 Pz.Armee. Stu. Btl. Kolberg 3/Feldg.Abt.635 (mot.) Wehrmt.Str. Gr.Pz.AOK.3 G.F.P.703 Front.Aufkl. Tr. (Pz.) 210, 316 Prop.Eins.Fhr. 697 Pz.Armee. Karten. Stelle. 435 3. Panzer Armee Reinforcements Panzer-Auffrischungs- Verband “Krampnitz” (arrived 28 April 1945) Pz. Gren. Reg.“ Krampnitz” 1 ( I,II.Btl.) Pz. Gren.Reg.“Krampnitz”2 (L,II.Btl.) gem.Pz.Abt. “Krampnitz” Pz.Nachr.Kp. “Krampnitz" Pz. Späh.Kp. “Krampnitz” Pi.Kp. “Krampnitz” Pz.Jg.Abt. “Krampnitz” Versorgungstr. “Krampnitz” Infanterie-Division Schlageter (1.
RAD) (arrived 29 April 1945) G.R.Schlageter 1 G. R. Schlageter 2 G. R. Schlageter 3 Füs. Btl. Schlageter (4 Kp.) Pz.Jg.Abt.Schlageter (1., 2. (Pz. Schreck), 3. (Fla-), 4. (Sturmgeschütz-) Kp.) Art. Rgt. Schlageter Pi.Btl.Schlageter (3 Kpn.) Nachr.Abt. Schlageter (2 Kpn.) 9.Armee — General Theodor Busse CI.Armee Korps — General Wilhelm Berlin/ General Friedrich Sixt V.A.K.406 Stu. Gesch.Lehr Brig. Ill 5.Jäger Infanterie-Division Jäger-Regiment 56 Jäger-Regiment 75 Artillerie-Regiment 5 I/Artillerie-Regiment 41 Radfahr-Abteilung 5 Panzerjäger-Abteilung 5 Pionier-Bataillon 5 Nachrichten-Abteilung 5 Felderstatz-Bataillon 5 Sanitäts-Abteilung 5 6O6.Infanterie-Division/Div.Stb.z.b. V.606(8 April 1945 H.Gr. Weichsel Daily Operational Map) Schatten Rgt.A Rgt. Sator Btl.Bahlkow Btl. Garny Btl. Spandau Rgt. Rohde Btl. Potsdam Btl. 67 Pol.Btl.Bremen 309.“Berlin”Infanterie-Division (8 April 1945 H. Gr. Weichsel Daily Operational Map) Pz.Jg.Kp. 1129 4 V. St. Btl. Rgt. 1234 (Potsdam) (I, II Btl.) V.A.K.406 25.Panzergrenadier Division Kampfgruppe ‘1001 Nights’ 485
BLOODY STREETS Festung Kuštrin (the fortress defenders either surrendered or escaped west by 28 March 1945) The following OB data for Küstün was derived from 1945 — Als Küstün in Trümmer sank. 1 Festungskommandantur Stab Festungs-Infanterie-Btl. 1450 Pz.Gren.Ersatz-Btl. 50 1 .М.-Btl. zb V.Panzer-Truppe Nr 346 2 .M.-Btl. zbV.Panzer-Truppe Nr 346 3-М.-Btl. Nr 344 Pionier- E. u. A. Btl. 68 Landes-Pio-Btl. 513 Festungs-Art.Abt. I./3132 (4 Batterien) Art. Ersatz-Abti. 39 Flak-Rgt. 114 5 Kampfwagentürme 7.5cm fnichtfeuerbereit) Festungs-Nachrichten-Kompanie 738 Versprengte (gesammelt in der Stülpnagel-Kaserne) Genesenden-Komp. festgehalten) Bewährungs-Btl. Ung.Inf.Btl. IV Turk. Einsatz. Btl. (deutsch) Turk. Einsatz. Btl. (turk) Nordkaukasisches Einsatz.Btl. (deutsch) Nordkaukasisches Einsatz.Btl. (kaukas.) Offiziere und Beamte (aus der Schloß-Kaserne) Volkssturm [Volkssturm Bataillon 16/186] The following OB data for Küstün was derived from the H. Gr. Weichsel Daily Operations Map dated 27 March 1945 and is included here as it is different than reported above: K. Gr. Altstadt (380 Mann) KGr. Mitte (830 Mann) KGr. Vor(?) (180 Mann) K. Gr. Schulz (240 Mann) Eingreif. Res. (480 Mann) Gesamtkampfitarke etwa (3,000 Mann) 2 Btl. from Pz.Div. “Müncheberg” (cut off on 22 April 1945 and joined the Fortress garrison) LVI.Panzer Korps — General Helmuth Weidling 402.V.A.K. 9 .Fallschirmjäger Division — General Bruno Braiier / Oberst Harry Hermann 25. Fallschirmjäger Regiment 26. Fallschirmjäger Regiment 27-Fallschirmjäger Regiment 9. Fallschirmjäger Artillerie Abteilung 9. Panzerjäger
Abteilung 20.Panzergrenadier Division — Generalmajor Georg Scholze 76.Panzergrenadier Regiment 90. Panzergrenadier Regiment 8.Panzer Abteilung 486 2O.Artillerie Regiment “Müncheberg” Panzer Division — Generalmajor Werner Mummert 1 .“Müncheberg”Panzergrenadier Regiment (I, II.Btl.) 2 . “Müncheberg” Panzergrenadier Regiment (I, II.Btl.) 1/29. Panzer Regiment or Pz.Abt. “Müncheberg 1 . Panzer Abteilung 2 .Panzer Abteilung Pz.Art. “Müncheberg” Pz.Jg.Kp. “Müncheberg” Pz.Späh.Kp. “Müncheberg” Pz.Pi.Kp. “Müncheberg” Pz.Nahr.Kp. “Müncheberg” 920 .Däberitz Panzerjäger Brigade XI. SS-Panzer Korps — SS-Obergruppenfiihrer Mathias Kleinheisterkamp 303. “Däberitz” Infanterie-Division 300 . G. R. 301 . GR. 302.G.R. 3O3 .Füs.Btl. 303 .Art.Rgt. Nachr.Abt. 3 03 169 Infanterie-Division 378.G.R. 379.G.R. 392.G.R. Füs.Btl.230 Art.Rgt.230 712. Infanterie-Division 732.G.R. 745.G.R. 764.G.R. 1712.Art.Rgt. Pz.Jg.Abt.712 In addition the division also had the following units assigned as of 8 April 1945 H. Gr. Weichsel Daily Operational Map: Fhj. Rgt. 1239 (I, II. Btl.) Fhj.Rgt.1241 (Gustrom) (I, II.Btl.) 1 AI. Btl. (Hauck) V.St.Btl.108 Schalten Rgt. В AI. Btl. 63 “Kurmark” Panzergrenadier Division Pz.Füs.Rgt. “Kurmark” Pz. Gren. Rgt. 1 “Kurmark” Pz.Gren.Rgt.2 “Kurmark” Pz.Rgt.“Kurmark”(2 Abt., 3 Kp.Jgd.Pz.38) Pi. Btl. Nach.Kp. Heeres-Flak-Bttr.
APPENDIX E Vers.Einheit. “ Kurmark” Festung Frankfurt Garrison ֊ Generalleutnant Ernst Biehler (8 April 1945 H. Gr. Weichsel Daily Operational Map - the total number of soldiers in the Fortress were reported as 12,580) Fest.Gr.Rgt.2with 1 Btl. V.St. Fest. Gr.Rgt.3 with 2 Btl. V.St. Fest. Gr.Rgt. 4with 1 Btl. V.St. Fest.M.G.Btl.84 Fest.Kpf.Gr.Btl.5 (Btl. V.St) Fest.Kpf.Gr.Btl.6 Fest. Kpf. Gr. Btl. 7 Fest. Kpf. Gr. Btl. 8 s.Fla.Abt.185 s.Fla.Abt.405 Tie. Fest. Inf. Fla. Bh. 829 Fest.Nachr.Kp. 737 Fest.Art. Stab. 1320 Fest.Art.Abt. 1325 (3.Bttr.) Fest.Art.Abt. 1326 (4.Bttr.) Fest.Art.Abt.1327 (5-Bttr) 12 (?) 7.5cm Fest.Pak.Vbd. (?) Fest. Pi. Sperr. Btl. 952 VSS-Gebirgs Korps - Oberstgruppenführer Friedrich Jaekeln SS-Pz.Jg.Kp.25 Pz.Jgd. Vbd. 1 Pz.Jgd. Vbd. 2 SS-A.A.505 286.Infanterie-Division 926. G. R. 927.G.R. 931.G.R. 286.Art.Rgt. 32. SS-Freiwilligen-Grenadier-Division “30.Januar ” 86.“Schill”G.R. 87.SS-G.R.“Falke” (?) 88.SS-G.R. SS-Füs.Btl.32 32.SS-Art.Rgt. (mot.) SS-Pz.Jg. StuG.Abt. 32 SS-Nachr.Abt. (mot.).32 1 .V.St.Btl. Thüringen 391 Sicherheits Division (8 April 1945 H.Gr. Weichsel Daily Operational Map and Der Kessel von Halbe) 95.G.R. Fhj. Gr.Rgt. 1233 Art.Rgt.391 SS-Btl.Heyer IIL/1239 K. Gr. Stahlhut Al.Btl.62 Sich.Btl.239 SS.Stu.Btl.z.b.V. VSt.8./16 Div.Rägener (Rst. 433 und 463.I.D.) Fhj.Gr.Rgt. 1237 V.St. BtlMainfranken V.St.Btl.Dresden V.St. Btl. Oberdonau Pol. Btl. Döring Armee Reserve 156.Infanterie-Division 541. Volksgrenadier Division 404. Volks Artillerie Korps 406. Volks Artillerie Korps 408. Volks Artillerie Korps Heeresgruppe Reserve III.SS-germanische
Panzer Korps ֊ SS-ObergruppenJuhrer Felix Steiner (divisions later allocated to the 9-Armee) 11 .SS-NordlandPanzergrenadier Division — SSGruppenführer Jurgen Ziegler I SS-Gruppenführer Dr Gustav Krukenberg 23 .Panzergrenadier Regiment “Norge” 24 .Panzergrenadier Regiment “Danmark” 11. SS Hermann von Salza Panzer Abteilung s. SS.503. Panzer Abteilung 23. SS-“Nederland” Panzergrenadier Division — 55Gruppenführer Wagner SS-Pz.Gren.Rgt.48 “Gen. Seyjfartd” SS-Pz.Gren.Rgt.49 “deRuyter” (Divisions later allocated to the 3.Panzer Armee) 27. SS- “Langemarck” Division 28.SS- “Wallonien” Division ОKW Reserve (later allocated to the LVI. Panzer Korps, 9-Armee) 18. Panzergrenadier Division — Generalleutnant Josef Rauch 30. Panzergrenadier Regiment 51-Panzergrenadier Regiment 118. Panzer Regiment 18Artillerie Regiment 12.Armee — General Walther Wenck XX. Korps — General Carl-Erik Kohler “ Theodor Körner”RAD Division — Generalleutnant Bruno Frankewitz l.G.R. “Theodor Körner” 2. G.R. “Theodor Körner” 3. G.R. “Theodor Körner” Füs.Btl. “Theodor Körner” (4 Kpn.) Pz.Jg.Abt. “Theodor Körner” Art.Rgt. “Theodor Körner”, only Stab and V / 411 Pi.Btl. “Theodor Körner” (3 Kpn.) Nachr.Kp. 487
BLOODY STREETS “Ulrich von Hutten”Infanterie-Division l.G.R “Ulrich von Hutten” 2. G.R. “Ulrich von Hutten” 5. G.R. “Ulrich von Hutten” Füs.Btl. “Ulrich von Hutten” Art.Btl. “Ulrich von Hutten” “Ferdinand von Schill” Infanterie-Division 1. G. R. “Ferdinand von Schill” 2. G.R. “Ferdinand von Schill” 3. G.R. “Ferdinand von Schill” “Scharnhorst” Infanterie-Division 1. G.R. “Schamhorst” 2. G.R. “Schamhorst” 3. G.R. “Schamhorst” Füs.Btl. “Schamhorst” Pz.Jg.Abt. “Schamhorst” Art.Rgt. “Schamhorst” Sturmgeschütz Brigade 1170 XXXIX. Panzer Korps — General Karl Arndt “Clausewitz” Panzer Division Pz.Rgt. “Clausewitz” Pz. Gren. Rgt. 42 l.Pz. Gren.Rgt. “Feldhernhalle” (RIIJII.Btl.) Pz.Art.Abt. 144 Pz.Jg.Abt. “Großdeutschland” Pz.Pi.Btl.144 Pz.Nachr.Kp. “Clausewitz” “SchDgeter” RAD Division 84. Infanterie-Division XXXXI (XLI). Panzer Korps — Generalleutnant Rudolf Holste “von Hake” Infanterie-Division 199.Infanterie-Division “V- Weapons ” Infanterie-Division XXXXVIII. (XLVIII) Panzer Korps — General Maximillian Reichsherr von Edelscheim 14. Flak Division “Leipzig” Kampfgruppe “Halle ” Kampfgruppe Armeegruppe Schörner — Generalfeldmarschall Ferdinand Schörner 4. Panzer Armee — General Fritz-Herbert Gräser (later transferred to 9.Armeè) V.Korps — General Wagner 35. SS-Polizei Grenadier Division SS-Pol.G.R.89 SS-Pol.G.R.90 SS-Pol.G.R91 36.SS-Grenadier Division SS-G.R.72 SS-G.R.73 488 Pz.Abt. “Stahnsdorf”! Pz.Abt. “Stahnsdorf”2 275- Infanterie-Division 983.G.R. 984.G.R. 985. G.R. Füs.Btl.275 Art.Rgt.275 342.Infanterie-Division 554.G.R. 697.G.R. 698.G.R. 21.Panzer Division Pz. Gren. Rgt. 125
Pz. Gren. Rgt. 192 Pz.Rgt. 22 Pz.Art.Rgt.155 HFlak.Abt.305 Pz.Aufkl.Abt.21 Armeegruppe Reserven 10.SS-Pz.Div. “Frundsberg”— SS-Gruppenführer Heinz Harmel SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 21 SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 22 SS-Panzer-Regiment 10 SS-Panzer-Artillerie-Regiment 10 SS-Kradschützen-Regiment 10 SS Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 10 SS Panzerjäger-Abteilung 10 SS Flak-Abteilung 10 SS Pionier-Abteilung 10 SS Panzer-Nachrichten-Abteilung 10 Führer-Begleit Division — Generalmajor Otto-Ernst Remer 102.Panzer Regiment 99-Panzergrenadier Regiment 120. Panzer Artillery Regiment 673. Panzerjäger Abteilung Luftwaffe Flak Abteilung 102.Panzer Reconnaissance Kompanie 124.Panzer Pionier Abteilung 120.Panzer Signals Abteilung 120. Panzer Feldersatz Abteilung Armeegruppe Spree (Reymann) Volkssturm Bataillons “Friedrich Ludwig Jahn” RAD Division - Oberst Gerhard Klein / Oberst Franz l.G.R. “Friedrich Ludwig Jahn” 2. G.R. “Friedrich LudwigJahn” 3. G.R. “Friedrich Ludwig Jahn” Div.Füs.Btl. “Friedrich Ludwig Jahn” (4 Kpn.) Art. Rgt. “Friedrich Ludwig Jahn ” Pi.Btl. “Friedrich LudwigJahn” (3 Kpn.)
APPENDIX E Regiment 126 (Flakgruppe Nord) Regiment 22 (Flakgruppe Süd) Scheinwerfer Regiment 82 s. TurmFlak-Abteilung 123 Stab (Friedrichshain Flak Tower) lKp.ls.123 (Friedrichshain Flak Tower) 2Kp./s. 123 (Humboldthain Flak Tower) 3Kp./s. 123 (Zoo Flak Tower) Other units Ad Hoc Formation Weller (remnants made their way to Armeegruppe Spree (Reymann) in Potsdam) “Potsdam”Infanterie Division — Oberst Erich Lorenz 21.Armee - General der Infanterie Kurt von Tippelskirch Order of battle (27—30 Apr 1945) HI. (germ.) SS-Panzerkorps (from 3. Pz.Armee) Kampfgruppe 4. SS-Polizei-Panzergrenadier-Division 3 .Marine-Infanterie-Division Kampfgruppe 33. Wajfen-Grenadier-Division der SS “Charlemagne” (franz. Nr. 1) Kampfgruppe 15. Waffen-Grenadier Division der SS (lettische Nr. 1) CI.Armee Korps (originally from 9.Armee, then 3·Ρζ. Armee) 5 . Jäger-Division Division z. b. И 606 XXVII. Armee Korps (originally from the 4. Armee) Fallschirm-Panzer-Ersatz- und Ausbildungs-Brigade 2 “Hermann Göring” 1. Marine-Infanterie-Division 547. Volks-Grenadier-Division Independent Flak-Truppe Bataillone (See Table 10) Assorted units that made their way into Berlin as outside reinforcements: Kampfgruppe Müller (sent from Döberitz Training Area on 22 April into the northern suburbs of Spandau) Panzerjäger Brigade Krampnitz Pioneer Abteilung. 968 Machine-gun Abteilung. 116 schwere Panzerjäger-Kompanie. 614 Sturmbataillon Charlemagne (arrived 24 April) Bataillon Fantasma {Spanish SS volunteers already in Berlin) SS-FusilierBattaillon 15 (Latvian volunteers) Verteindigungsbereich Berlin Reserves available on
9 March according to Abt. I/Op. Nr. 400/45geh. Wachregiment Großdeutschland Pz. Spaeh-Komp. Pz.Vern.Abt. 1 II.SS-Pol.Btl. Pol.LdSchtz.Btl. III Pz-Kraftwagen Volkssturm battalions (aproximately 59 battalions from Levy I II) (See Table 7) Remnants ofthe LVI.Pz.Korps 18.Pz.Gren.Div. (intact) Pz.Div. Müncheberg (remnants) 9. Fj.Division (remnants) 11 .SS-Paz. Gren. Div. Nordland (intact) 20. Pz. Gren. Div. (remnants) 309-Inf.Div. Berlin (remnants) 408. Volks-Artillerie Korps (remnants) Stragglers from: 169., 712., 606. and 303.Infanterie Divisions. Notes 1 Hitlerjugend formations Panzerjagd Division 2./Fortress Regiment 60 Skorning Kampfgruppe Hitlerjugend Gruppe 200 Kampfgruppe Thiemer Bundesarchiv, WF-03/5084, Blatt 966-967 cited in 1945 —Als Küstrin in Trümmer sank, Fritz Kohlhase (Eigenverlag, 1996). SS formations Leibstandarte SS AdolfHitler (LSSAH) Wachregiment 1 ./SS-Regiment “Anhalt” 2 ./SS-Regiment Leibstandarte SS AdolfHitler (LSSAH) Ausbildungs-und Ersatz Bataillon Führer-Begleit-Kompanie Reichsführer SS-Begleit Bataillon Luftwaffe formations l .Flak Division (See Table 9) 489
BIBLIOGRAPHY Primary Documents US National Archives, College Park, Maryland Record Group 226: Interagency Working Group (IWG), Boxes 440-442, Box 440 NO 135 “Possibility ofAnglo-German Agreement March 1945' Box 441 NO 841 “German View ofAmerican Russian Relations Jan 1945' NO 855 “German view ofYalta Conference" NO 880 “German Evaluation ofAllied Military Affairs Feb 1945” NO 905 “German account ofDecisions Reached at Yalta Conference” Box 442 NO 969 “German Discussion ofYalta Conference Results" NO 975 “German Information on Yalta Decision" NO 986 “ German Attitude Toward Alleged British Policy on Disagreement at Yalta! Record Group 242: National Archives Collection of Foreign Records Seized T77 Records of Headquarters, German Armed Forces High Command {Oberkommando der Wehrmacht!OKW) T78 Records of Headquarters, German Army High Command {Oberkommando der Heeres!OKH) T311 Records of German Field Commands: Armies ТЗ 13 Records of German Field Commands: Panzer Armies Record Group 331: Records of Allied Operational and Occupational Headquarters, World War II, 1907-1966, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force. G—2 Division. Aerial Imagery Flight Can #ON017070: Image Number 4013, 4305, 4309 Flight Can #ON017062: Image Number 3069, 3073, 3074, 3075, 3081 Flight Can #ON017056: Image Number 3202 Flight Can #ON017082: Image Number 3078 Flight Can #ON014065: 4176, 4175, 4177, 4172 Army Battle Casualties and Non-Combat Deaths in World War II, Final Report (Washington, DC, Statistical and Accounting Branch of the office of the Adjutant General, Department of the US Army:
1946) MS # P-136 The German Defense ofBerlin by Wilhelm Wilmer, Oberst a.d. (Historical Division, United States Army, Europe, 1953) MS # D-189 The Pomeranian Battle and Command in the East (Historical Division, United States Army Europe, 1947) Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, Freiburg, Germany RH 10-173 Panzerdivision Müncheberg RH 19 XV Heeresgruppe Weichsel RH 20—9 9. Armee RH 24-56 EVI. Armeekorps RH 26—309 309.1nfanteriedivision bzw. Infanteriedivision Groâdeutschland RH 27-20 2O.Panzerdivision RH 27-18 18.Panzerdivision RS 4 Brigaden, Bataillons und Verbände der Waffen-SS RS 3-11 11. SS-Freiwilligen Panzer-grenadier-Division (Nordland) RS 3—15 15-Waffen-Grenadierdivision der SS (lett. Nr.l) Cornelius Ryan Collection, Mahn Center, Alden Library, Ohio University, Athens, OH German Forces Box 61 Folder 5 Berlin districts by Army command Chronological listing of days and dates Organization of 3rd 55 Panzer Corps, Apr 23, 1945 Folder 7 Willemer, Wilhelm, “The German Defense of Berlin”, OCMH, MS #P- 136 Box 62 Folder 2 Bauer, Magna, “Ninth Army’s Last Attack and Surrender Apr 21 - May 7, 1945”, OCMH, MS #R֊79, Apr, 1956 Folder 3 Bauer, Magna, “The End of Army Group Weichsel and Twelfth Army, Apr 27 - May 7, 1945”, OCNH, MS #R-69, June, 1956 Folder 5 German messages, field commands and main events, Apr 20-29, 1945 491
BLOODY STREETS Folder 6-7 Army Group Weichsel war diary, Apr 20—29, 1945 Folder 8 OKW messages and documents listing, Feb—Mar, 1945 Folder 9 О KM messages, Apr 26 - May 15,1945 Box 64 Folder 1 OKW documents and messages, Feb - Apr, 1945 Folder 2-3 Army Group Weichsel war diary, Apr 20-29, 1945 Box 65 National (Alpine) Redoubt. Folder 2 Newspaper articles Folder 3 With 12th Army Group’s Reorientation of Strategy, Mar 21, 1945 Folder 4 Hq, 7th Army, G-2 Study on National Redoubt, Mar Lampe, Lt Albrecht, Interview Folder 11 Refior, Col Hans, Interview, Refior, “My Berlin Diary” Folder 12 Reymann, Gen Hellmuth, Interview Reymann, “I Had To Defend Berlin” 3.Panzer Armee Folder 14 Muller-Hillebrand, Maj Gen Burkhart, Interview Folder 15 Steiner, Gen Felix Μ., Interview Folder 16 Von Manteuffel, Gen Hasso, Interview Box 67 9Armee Folder 17 25, 1945 Folder 5 Busse, Gen Theodor, Interview Busse, “The Last Battle of the 9th Army”, MILITARY Hofer, Franz, “National Redoubt”, OCMH, MS #B-458 Folder 6 SCIENCE REVIEW, v.5, #4, Apr, 1955, Bauer, Magna, “Ninth Army’s Last Attack and Surrender”, “The Alpine Defense-Line”/“The Alpine-Fortification”, OCMH, MS #BFolder 7 Von Hengel, Georg R., “The Alpine Redoubt”, OCMH, MS #B-461 Folder 8 Von Hengel, Georg R., “Report on the Alpine Fortress”, OCMH, MS #B—459 Hitlers Bunker. Folder 9 Maps and floor plans of Fuhrerbunker Fuhrer messages and directives concerning defense of Berlin and transfer of command to Doenitz OCMH, MS #R-79 Folder 18 Fritz, Lt Albert, Interview 12.Armee Folder 23 Reichhelm, Col Gunther, Interview Reichhelm, “The Last Rally:
Battles Fought by the German 12th Army in the Heart of Germany, between East and West (13 April - 7 May 1945)”, OCMH, MS #B-606, May 31, 1947 Folder 24 Folder 1 Wenck, Gen Walter, Interview Ritter, H.W, “Factual Report of Interviews with General A.D. Walter Wenck” “Summary of Final Battles between the Order and Kratschmar, Heinz, Interview Folder 2 Elbe in Apr/May 1945 (Especially the Battles of 12th Army)” Army Group Weichsel (Vistula). Box 66 Lohmann, Hanns-Heinrich, Interview Folder 3 Voss, Lt Peter, Interview Hitler’s Court. Folder 15 Erickson, “Conclusions re Hitler’s death” Folder 30 Hitler files. Hitler: Forms for marriage Hitler: Political testament Hitler: Private will Hitler: Will Box 67 OKW Folder 1 Schramm, Percy (ed), Excerpts from WAR DIARY OF THE ARMY HIGH COMMAND, v.4 Folder 5 492 Schultz, Maj Joachim, “War Diary of Hq North (A)”, Apr 20 - May 23, Schultz, “The Battle for Berlin” Berlin Command Folder 10 Box 68 Folder 2 Eismann, Col Hans G., Interview Folder 3 Heinrici, Gen Gotthard, Interview Memoirs Army Group Weichsel command structure Map overlay Statement to Chief of Staff, Apr, 1945 Weapon and equipment lists Folder 4 Heinrici diary History and account Jodl—Heinrici telephone conversation, Apr 26, 1945 Army Group Weichsel war diary, Apr 20-29, 1945
BIBLIOGRAPHY LVI (56th) Panzer Corps Folder 8 Böttcher, Lt Col Friedrich, Interview Box 69 Folder 1 Von Dufving, Col Theodor, Interview “Surrender of Berlin Garrison 1st and 2nd May, 1945” Folder 2 Weidling, Gen H., Russian interrogations Weidling, “The Final Battle in Berlin (April 23 to May 2, 1945)”, WEHRWISSENSCHAFTLICHE RUNDSCHAU, Jan-Mar, 1962 Folder 3 Wohlermann, Hans-Oscar, Interview Wohlermann, “Commentary on General of the Artillery H. Weidlings: The Final Battle in Berlin”, WEHRWISSENSCHAFTLICHE RUNDSCHAU, June, 1962 1st Flak Division Folder 8 Von Zabeltitz, Capt Leonhardt, Interview 9th Paratroop {Fallschirmjäger) Division. Folder 9 Arnold, Lt Hans-Werner, Interview Folder 10 Hirsch, Lt Alfred, Interview Folder 11 Jansen, Lt Hans, Interview Folder 12 Rein, Lt Hans, Interview Nordland Division. Folder 14 Bensch, Sgt Willy, Interview Folder 15 Burghart, Cpl Roman, Inteview Folder 18 Haas, Cpl Fritz, Interview Folder 19 Henseler, Lt Hans, Interview Folder 20 Ilium, Gunnar Μ., Interview Folder 23 Krukenberg, Maj Gen Gustav, Interview Folder 24 Scholles, Sgt Hans-Peter, Interview Folder 25 Timm, Lt Walter, Interview Folder 26 Winge, Pvt Hans-Joachim, Interview Box 69 Volkssturm Folder 30 Haaf, Oskar, Interview Folder 33 Hellriegel, Hermann, Interview Folder 36 Wrede, Fritz, Questionnaire Interview Zoo Flak Tower Folder 7 Ache, Capt Kurt, Interview Hitler Youth. Folder 11 Bonath, PFC Herbert, Interview Folder 12 Feldheim, Willy, Interview Folder 13 Pienkny, Gunther, Interview Folder 14 Schulz, Aribert, Interview Folder 16 Wetzki, Hans J., Interview Cab 81204 Maps Draw
8 Supplement #1 to the report of Col Reichhelm on the battles of the 12th Army, Apr 13 to May 7, 1945: Starting position on Apr 12-13, 1945, scale 1:1,000,000. Supplement #2 to the report of Col Reichhelm on the battles of the 12th Army, Apr 13 to May 7, 1945: Starting positions on Apr 24, 1945, and development of enemy positions until Apr 29, 1945, scale 1:1,000,000. Supplement #3 to the report of Col Reichhelm on the battles of the 12th Army, Apr 13 to May 7, 1945: Position of the 20th A.K. on Apr 28-29 for regrouping and attack, scale 1:250,000 (2 copies). Supplement #4 to the report of Col Reichhelm on the battles of the 12th Army, Apr 13 to May 7, 1945: Position of the 12th Army from May 1 to May 7, 1945, scale 1:250,000. Soviet Forces Box 71 Folder 7 Chuikov, Marshal Vasili Ivanovich, Interview Report from 150th Rifle Division concerning the seizure of the Reichstag Chuikov, “The Assault on Berlin” Duka, Maj Gen Μ., STORMING OF THE SPREE Box 74 Folder 8 Ehrenburg, Ilya, WE COME AS JUDGES Ehrenburg, PEOPLE, YEARS, LIFE v.3 Folder 9 Table of contents of SHTURM BERLINA Red Army Order of Battle, Apr 15, 1945 Bocca, G., “Red Rape: The Final Agony of Berlin,” TRUE (12p.) 493
BLOODY STREETS Box 72 Folder 1 Golbov, Sergei Ivanovich, Interview Folder 2 Ivanov, Maj Gen Georgy Vasilievich, Interview together Folder 5 “Report by the Supreme Commander to the Combined Chiefs of Staff on the Operations in Europe of the Allied Expeditionary Force”, Feb 12, 1944 with Lt Georgy Vladimirovitch Krichevsky and Maj Western Allied Forces Aronvich Lazaris Box 43 Folder 3 Folder 3 Koniev, Marshall Ivan Stephanovich, Interview Koniev, MEMOIRS Account of meeting with Stalin, Apr 1, 1945, from “Forty Five”, NOVIY MIR, #5, 1965 Excerpts from THE GREAT FATHERLAND WAR OF THE SOVIET UNION 1941-1945 Folder 8 Neustroyev, Lt Col S.A., THE STORMING OF THE REICHSTAG Neustroyev, SHTURM BERLINA Box 74 Folder 10 Platonov, S.P., THE SECOND WORLD WAR 1935- 1945 Yedenskii, THE BERLIN OPERATIONS OF THE THIRD SHOCK Folder 12 Popiel, N.N., FORWARD TO BERLIN Account of Stalin-Zhukov—Koniev meeting of Apr 1, 1945 Box 73 Folder 2 Notes of Seelow Heights Terrain Russian book excerpts Folder 3 Thirteen Leading Soviet War Correspondents, WHAT WE SAW IN BERLIN Telpuchowski, Boris S„ THE SOVIET HISTORY OF THE GERAT FATHERLAND WAR 1941-1945 Folder 4 Orders from the Supreme Soviet Command to Front Commanders, Apr 3-23, 1945, Notes on Russian army structure and officer personnel SHTURM BERLINA table of contents and order of battle for April 15, 1945 Box 74 Folder 11 Zhukov, Marshal Georgi K„ “TAKING BERLIN”, MILITARY-HISTORCAL JOURNAL, #6, 1965 Allied Political and Military Leadership Box 42 Folder 1-2 Allied War Diaries Sept 4, 1944 - June, 1945: messages, memos, reports, minutes between SHAEF
and CCS Folder 3-4 SHAEF files Nov 10, 1943 - Mar 31, 1945: letters, memos, messages, minutes, reports between SHAEF and CCS and SHAEF internal activities Background paper: “Political Decision-making Machinery for Germany/Berlin Question, with Special Reference to the British Position (1943-45)” “Instrument of Unconditional Surrender of Germany to the Supreme Commands of the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics” G-З SHAEF to Chief of Staff, GCT 384.1- 1/Plans, May, 1945, subject: Negotiations for the Surrender “Agreement between the Allied High Commands and Certain German Emissaries” “Act of Military Surrender” “Undertaking Given by Certain German Emissaries to the Allied High Commands” “Act of Surrender” (Rheims version) “Act of Military Surrender” (Berlin version) Box В Folder 7 Eisenhower, Dwight D., Interview Box 44 Folder 4 Giliem, A.C., Interview Folder 5 Military orders concerning advance beyond the Elbe River. Hq, 9th Army to Corps commanders, Apr 15, 1945, subject: Future Operations Hq, 9th Army to Corps commanders, Apr 13, 1945, subject: Current Operations Hq, 12th Army, Letter of Instructions Number Twenty, Apr 4, 1945 Hq, 9th Army, Letter of Instructions Number Nineteen, Apr 7, 1945 with Amendment Number One, Apr 11, 1945 Hq, 9th Army, Letter of Instructions Number Eighteen, Mar 29, 1945 Operation ECLIPSE Folder 6 SHAEF Appreciation and Outline Plan, Nov 10, 1944 German translation of captured SHAEF Appreciation and Outline Plan, Nov 10, 1944 English translation of German copy of captured SHAEF Appreciation
and Outline Plan Cab 81204 Drawer 8 Maps of Berlin, showing zones of occupation, scale 1:12,500, 1950. Germany, showing administrative zones of occupation, as of July 1, 1944, 1946. 494
BIBLIOGRAPHY Box 46 Folder 5 Blake, Lt Peter J., Interview Mil Team 440-G report, “Visit to Berlin”, May 8, 1945 Chamberlain, Peter, Doyle, Hillary and Jentz, Thomas, Encyclopedia of German Tanks ofWWII (London, Weidenfeld Military; New Edition, 1999). Chuikov, Marshal Vasili I., The Fall ofBerlin (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1967). Clark, Christopher, Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Tsentral’nyi arkhiv Ministerstva oborony RF (Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense), Moscow “Short summaries of generalized experience of forces provided by army headquarters and staffs of service branches” “Journal of combat actions of the first Belorussian front for April and the first ten days of May 1945” “Summary no. 22 on the generalized combat experience of the forces of the 1st Belorussian Front for April 1945” “Fighting 3rd Guards Tank Army, Vol. VI, as prepared by the Headquarters’ Department on the Use of the War’s Experience” “Extract from the journal of combat actions of forces of the 28th Army” Akte 143. Unterlagen der Ia-Abteilung der 1. Flakdivision: taktische Lagemeldungen von Einheiten der Division während der Kämpfe um Berlin. http.7/wwii.germandocsinrussia.org. Prussia 1600—1947 (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2006). Courtois, Stéhane, et al, (trans. Johnson Murphy and Mark Kramer), The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression (Cambridge, MIA: Harvard University Press, 1999). Crofoot, Craig, The Berlin Direction: April—May 1945: an Extraction ofthe Official Soviet Army Order ofBattle ofthe Berlin Strategic Offensive
Operation, April—May 1945 (West Chester, OH: The Nafziger Collection, 1999). Davies, Norman, Rising ’44: The Battle for Warsaw (New York: Viking Press, 2004). de Zayas, Alfred-Maurice, A Terrible Revenge: The Ethnic Cleansing ofthe East European Germans (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2006). Ditting, Dr Wolfgang et al, Sowjetische Gräberstätten und Ehrenmale in Ostdeutschland heute (Berlin, Germany: Published Works Books Wostok, 2005). Duffy, Christopher, Red Storm on the Reich: The Soviet March on Abyzov, Vladimir, The Final Assault, 1945 (Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Publishing House, 1985). Altner, Helmut, Berlin Dance ofDeath (Hevertown, PA: Casemate, 2002). Germany, 1945 (New York: Da Capo Press, 1993). Eberle, Henrik and Uhl, Matthias, The Hitler Book: The Secret Dossier Preparedfor Stalin from the Interrogations ofHitler’s Arcer, Lee, Kraska, Robert and Lippert, Mario, Panzers in Berlin 1945 (Sussex, UK: Panzerwrecks Ltd, 2019). Ambrose, Stephen E., Eisenhower and Berlin, 1945: The Decision to Halt at the Elbe (New York: W.W. Norton Company, Inc., 1967). Bahm, Karl, Berlin 1945: The Final Reckoning (St Paul, MN: MBI Publishing, 2001). Personal Aides (New York: PublicAffairs, 2005). Eilhardt, Hans Joachim, Frühjahr 1945: Kampfum Berlin Fluch t in den Westen (Aachen, Germany: Helios Verlag, 2003). Eisenhower, Dwight D., Crusade in Europe: A Personal Account ofWorld War II (New York: Doubleday Company, Inc., 1948). Bartov, Omer, Hitler’s Army: Soldiers, Nazis, and War in the Third Engelmann, Joachim, Die 18. Infanterie und Panzergrenadier Division 1934—1945 (Eggolsheim,
Germany: Dörfler im Nebel Verlag GmbH, 2004). Reich (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992). Baryatinskiy, Mikhail, The IS Tanks: IS-1, IS-2, IS-3 (Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Publishing Ltd, 2006). Erickson, John, The Road to Berlin (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1983). Ethel, Jeffery and Price, Dr Alfred, Target Berlin, Mission 250: Baumgart, Eberhard, Jenseits von Halbe: Der Todesmarsch der 9. Armee in den “Morgenthau” Ende April!Anfang Mai 1945 (Germany: Druffel-Verlag, 2001). 6March 1944 (London, UK: Greenhill Books/Lionel Leventhal Ltd, 1981). Fest, Joachim, Inside Hitlers Bunker: The Last Days ofthe Third Beevor, Antony, The Fall ofBerlin 1945 (New York: Viking, 2002). Reich (New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 2004). Fey, Will, Armor Battles ofthe Waffen-SS 1943—45 (Winnipeg, Canada: J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing, 1990). Bessonov, Evgeni, Tank Rider, Into the Reich with the Red Army (London, UK: Greenhill Books, 2003). Bracher, Karl Dietrich, The German Dictatorship: The Origins, Structure, and Effects ofNational Socialism (New York: Praeger, 1970). Brownlow, Donald Grey, Panzer Baron: The Military Exploits of General Hasso von Manteuffel (North Quincy, MA: The Christopher Publishing House, 1975). Fleischer, Wolfgang, Panzerfaust and other German Infantry Anti-Tank Weapons (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military/Aviation History, 1994). Foedrowitz, Michael, The Flak Towers in Berlin, Hamburg and Vienna 1940-1950 (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military/Aviation History, 1998). Forbes, Robert, Pour L’Europe: The French Volunteers ofthe Waffen-SS (Robert Forbes, 2000). 495
BLOODY STREETS Fritz, Stephen G., Endkampf: Soldiers, Civilians, and the Death of the Third Reich (Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky, 2004). Gablentz, O.M. von der (ed.), Documents on the Status ofBerlin, 1944—1959 (München, Germany: R. Oldenbourg, 195 9). Gavin, James Μ., On to Berlin: Battles ofan Airborne Commander, 1943—1946(New York: Viking Press, 1978). Getman, A.L., Tanks are Heading to Berlin (Moscow: Nayka Kampe, Hans Georg, Zossen-Wünsdorf 1945: Die letzten Kriegswochen im Hauptquartier des OKH (Berlin, Germany: Projekt + Verlag Dr Erwin Meißler, 1997). Kissel, Hans, Hitlers Last Levy: The Volkssturm 1944-И5 (England: Helion Company, 2005). Krivosheev, Colonel-General G.E (ed.), Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century (London, UK: Greenhill Books, 1997). Publishing House, 1973). Glantz, David Μ., Zhukovs Greatest Defeat: The Red Army’s Epic Disaster in Operation Mars, 1942 (Kansas, United States: Kuby, Erich, The Russians and Berlin 1945 (London, UK: William Heinemann Ltd, 1965). Ladd, Brian, The Ghosts ofBerlin: Confronting German History in University of Kansas Press, 1999). . Red Storm over the Balkans: The Failed Soviet Invasion of the Urban Landscape (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, Romania, Spring 1944 (Kansas, United States: University of Kansas Press, 2007). Gorlitz, Walter, The Memoirs ofField Marshal Wilhelm Keitel: Chiefofthe German High Command, 1938—1945 (New York: Cooper Square Press, 2000). 1997). Lakowski, Richard, and Dorst, Klaus, Berlin: Frühjahr, 1945 (East Berlin: Miltärverlag der
Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, 1985). ., Gedenkstätte/Museum Seelower Höhen (Seelow, Germany: Gosztony, Peter, Der Kampfurn Berlin 1945 (Germany: DTV, 1992). ., Seelow 1945: Die Entscheidungsschlacht an der Oder 1975). Gunter, Georg, Last Laurek. The German Defence of Upper Silesia (Berlin, Germany: Brandenburgisches Verlagshaus, 1994). ., Der Kessel von Halbe: Das letzte Drama (Berlin, January—May 1945 (England: Helion Company, 2002). Hamilton, A. Stephan, The Oder Front. Gothard Heinrici, Heeresgruppe Weichsel and the German Defense in the East, Germany: Brandenburg, 2001). Landwehr, Richard, and Nielsen, Holger Thor, Nordic Warriors: April—May 1945 (England: Helion Company, 2010). . , The Oder Front, Volume II. Document, Reports and Personal Accounts (England: Helion Company, 2012). . Panzergrenaiders to the Front! The Combat History of Panzergrenadier-Division ‘Brandenburg’ (England: Helion Sc 1943-45 (Hailfax, UK: Shelf Books Ltd, 1999). . , French Volunteers ofthe Waffen-SS (Brookings, Oregon: Company, 2016). Hastings, Max, Armageddon: The battlefor Germany, 1944—1945 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004). Heiber, Helmut and Glantz, David Μ. (eds), Hitler and His Generals: Military Conferences 1942—1945: The First Complete Stenographic Record ofthe Military Situation Conferences from Stalingrad to Berlin (New York: Enigma Books, 2003). Heidemann, Ronald, Verbotenes Ostpreußen (Düsseldorf, Germany: Droste Verlag GmbH, 1990). Hillblad, Thorolf (ed.), Twilight ofthe Gods: A Swedish Waffen- SS Volunteer’s Experiences with the
11th SS-Panzergrenadier Division “Nordland”, Eastern Front 1944—45 (England: Helion Company, 2004). Holzträger, Hans, In a Raging Inferno: Combat Units ofthe Hitler Youth, 1944M5 (England: Helion Company, 2000). Jentz, Thomas L., Panzertruppen: The Complete Guide to the Creation Combat Employment of Germany’s Tank Force, 1943—1945 (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 1996). . , Germany’s Tiger Tanks: Tiger I II: Combat Tactics (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 1996). .and Doyle, Hilary L., Germany’s Tiger Tanks: VK45-02 to Tiger II: Design, Production Modifications (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 1996). 496 SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 24 Danmark, Eastern Front, Siegrunen, 2002). Lehmann, Armin D., Hitler’s Last Courier: A Life in Transition (Bloomington, Indiana: Xlibris Corporation, 2000). Luck, Hans von, Panzer Commander: Memoirs of Colonel Hans von Luck (New York: Dell Publishing, 1989). Mabire, Jean, Berlin im Todeskampf1945: Französische Freiwillige der Waffen-SS als letzte Verteidiger der Reichskanzlei 1945 (Coburg, Germany: Nation Europa Verlag, 1995). Macdonogh, Giles, After the Reich: The Brutal History ofthe Allied Occupation (New York: Basic Books, 2007). Maier, Georg, Drama Between Budapest and Vienna: The Final Battles ofthe 6.Panzer-Armee in the East — 1945 (Winnipeg, Canada: J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing, Inc., 2004). Megargee, Geoffrey R, War ofAnnihilation: Combat and Genocide on the Eastern Front, 1941 (Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield Publishers Inc., 2006). Michaelis, Rolf, Die 11 .SS-freiwilligen-Panzer-Grenadier-Division
“Nordland” (Berlin, Germany: Michaelis, 2001). Michulec, Robert and Zientarzewski, Miroslaw, T-34: Mythical Weapon (Gdynia, Poland: Armageddon Airconnection, 2006). Millet, Allan R. and Murray, Williamson (ed.), Military Effectiveness: Volume III, The Second World War (Boston, MA: Unwin Hyman, 1990). Müller, Rolf-Dieter and Ueberschär, Gerd, Hitler’s War in the East: A Critical Assessment (New York: Berghahn Books, 2002).
BIBLIOGRAPHY Münch, Karlheinz, The Combat History of German Heavy Anti-Tank Unit 653 in World War II (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2005). Naimark, Norman, The Russians in Germany: A History of . . Soviet Order ofBattle World War II: Volume TV “Red Guards”: Soviet Guards Rifle andAirborne Units 1941—1945 (George E Nafziger, 1995). . . Soviet Order ofBattle World War II; Volume VI “Red the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945-1949 (Cambridge, Thunder”: Soviet Artillery Corp, Divisions, and Brigades Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University 1941—1945 (George F. Nafziger, 199 5). Press, 3rd Printing, 1997). . Fires ofHatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2001). O’Donnell, James P., The Bunker: The History ofthe Reich Chancellery Group (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1978). Pçtersons, Aivars, Mums jâpárnak: Latviešu karaviripçdçjie Berlīnes aizstāvji (Riga, Latvia: Aplis, 2003). Pierik, Perry, From Leningrad to Berlin: Dutch Volunteers in the . , Soviet Order ofBattle World War II: Volume X “Red Swarm”: Soviet Rifle Divisions Formed From 1942—1945 (George E Nafziger, 1996). . . Soviet Order ofBattle World War II: Volume XII “Red Hammers”: Soviet Self-propelled Artillery and Lend Lease Armor 1941—1945 (George F. Nafziger, 1998). . . Soviet Infantry Tactics in World War II: RedArmy Infantry Tactics from Squad to Rifle Company from the Combat Regulations ofNovember 1942 (George E Nafziger, 1998). . . Soviet Armor Tactics in World
War II: Red Army Armor Service ofthe German Waffen-SS, 1941-1945 (Soesterberg, Tactics from Individual Vehicle to Company According to the Netherlands: Aspekt, 2001). Combat Regulations ofFebruary 1944 (George F. Nafziger, Piotrowski, Tadeusz, Poland’s Holocaust (New York: McFarland Company, 1997). Popiel, Nikolai, Forward to Berlin (Moscow: ACT Publishing House, 2001). Ramm, Gerald, Gott Mit Uns: Kriegserlebnisse aus Brandenburg 1999). Slowe, Peter and Woods, Richard, Battlefield Berlin: Siege, Surrender Occupation, 1945 (London, UK: Robert Hale, 1988). Spaeter, Helmuth, The History ofthe Panzerkorps Großdeutschland und Berlin (Woltersdorf/Schleuse, Germany: Verlag Gerald vol. 1—3 (Winnipeg, Canada: JJ. Fedorowicz Publishing, Raum, 2001). 1995.) Rummel, R.J., Lethal Politics: Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder Stimpel, Hans-Martin, Widersinn 1945: Aufstellung, Einsatz since 1917 (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction und Untergang einer Fallschirmjägerdivision (Göttingen, Publishers, 1996). Germany: Cuvillier, 2003). Ryan, Cornelius, The Last Battle (New York: Pocket Books, 1985). Saft, Ulrich, Krieg im Osten: Das bittere Endejenseits der Weichsel Taylor, Frederick, The Berlin Wall: A World Divided, 1961—1989 (New York: HarperCollins, 2006). Tessin, Georg, Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht bis Oder und Neide (Walsrode, Germany: Militärbuchverlag und der Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939—1945. Saft, 2002). Bearbeitet auf Grund der Unterlagen des Bundesarchivs- Schiefer, Joachim, Historischer Atlas zum Kriegsende 1945: Militärarchivs; herausgegeben mit
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BLOODY STREETS Trevor-Roper, H.R.R., The Last Days ofHitler (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1947). . (ed.), Blitzkrieg to Defeat: Hitler’s War Directives 1939— 1945 (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1964). Tsouras, Peter G. (ed.). Panzers on the Eastern Front: General Erhard Raus and his Panzer Divisions in Russia 1941—1945 (Barnsley, England: Greenhill Books/Lionel Leventhal Limited London, 2005). Tully, Andrew, Berlin: Story ofa Battle: April—May 1945 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1963). Venghaus, Wolfgang, Berlin 1945: Die Zeit vom 16. April bis 2. Mai: Eine Dokumentation in Berichten, Bildern und Bemerkungen (Netphen, Germany: Venghaus, undated). Voss, Klaus and Kehlenbeck, Paul, Letzte Divisionen 1945: Die Panzerdivision Clausewitz and Die Infanteriedivision Schill (Schleusingen, Germany: AMUN-Verlag, 2000). Wallin, Erik, Göotterdämmerung: Schwedische und deutsche Freiwillige der SS-Division “Nordland” im Endkampf 1945 in Pommern und Berlin (Pluwig, Germany: Munin Verlag GmbH, 2000). Wegner, Bernd, The Waffen-SS: Organization, Ideology and Function (Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell Ltd, 1990). Yelton, David K., Hitlers Volkssturm: The Nazi Militia and the Fall of Germany, 1944-1945 (Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2002). Zhukov, Georgi K., Marshal Zhukovs Greatest Battles (New York: First Cooper Square Press Edition, 2002). Ziemke, Earl E, Stalingrad to Berlin: The German Defeat in the East (New York: Barnes and Noble Books, 1996). Articles Ash, Lucy, ‘The Rape of Berlin’ (2015), https://www.bbc.com/ news/magazine-32529679. Beevor, Antony, ‘By banning
my book, Russia is deluding itself about its past’ (2015), https://www.theguardian.com/ commentisfree/2015/aug/05/banning-book-russia-pastholocaust-red-army-antony-beevor. Bowen, Wayne H., ‘The Ghost Battalion: Spaniards in the Waffen-SS, 1944-1945’, The Historian, 1/1/2001, from www.encyclopedia.com. Burleigh, Michael, ‘Russia’s Revenge’ (2002), https://www. theguardian.com/books/2002/apr/20/historybooks . highereducation. D’este, Carlo, ‘The final Days’ (2002), https://www.nytimes. com/2002/09/08/books/the-final-days.html. Keegan, John, ‘Berlin’, ΜHQ: The Quarterly Journal ofMilitary History, No. 11 (Winter 1990). Novikov, A.A., ‘The Air Forces in the Berlin Operation’, Soviet Military History Journal, May 1975. Rudenko, Air Marshal S.I., On the Employment of Aviation in the Berlin Operation’, Soviet Military History Journal, May 1985. Skorodumov, N., Maneuvers of the 12th Guards Tank Corps in the Berlin Operation’, Soviet Military History Journal, May 1978. 498 “‘The Last Battle” Enrages Pravda; Writer Finds Smear Plot by U.S., Bonn in Ryan Book’ (1966), https://www.nytimes. com/1966/07/11/ archives/the-last-battle-enrages-pravdawriter-finds-smear-plot-by-us-bonn.html. Personal Archives Lennart Westberg. Peter Vandersmissen. Documentaries and Films C. Barrand, K. Jan Hindiks, A. Uvarov, Berlin: At All Cost! (1994). Mikhail Chiaureli, The Fall ofBerlin (Mosfilm Cinema Concern, 1949). Websites http://www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de/ www.russianbattlefield.ru : ‘Development History of the JS-1/ JS-2’ wwii.germandocsinrussia.org |
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| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV048240870 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T19:54:09Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:32:51Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033621364 |
| oclc_num | 1322803077 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-B496 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-B496 |
| physical | xxiv, 511 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten (schwarz-weiß) |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Helion & Company Ltd. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Hamilton, A. Stephan Verfasser (DE-588)1018078754 aut Bloody streets the Soviet assault on Berlin [1] [Text] Aaron Stephan Hamilton Warwick Helion & Company Ltd. [2020] xxiv, 511 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten (schwarz-weiß) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier (DE-604)BV048240854 1 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033621364&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033621364&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033621364&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hamilton, A. Stephan Bloody streets the Soviet assault on Berlin |
| title | Bloody streets the Soviet assault on Berlin |
| title_auth | Bloody streets the Soviet assault on Berlin |
| title_exact_search | Bloody streets the Soviet assault on Berlin |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Bloody streets the Soviet assault on Berlin |
| title_full | Bloody streets the Soviet assault on Berlin [1] [Text] Aaron Stephan Hamilton |
| title_fullStr | Bloody streets the Soviet assault on Berlin [1] [Text] Aaron Stephan Hamilton |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bloody streets the Soviet assault on Berlin [1] [Text] Aaron Stephan Hamilton |
| title_short | Bloody streets |
| title_sort | bloody streets the soviet assault on berlin text |
| title_sub | the Soviet assault on Berlin |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033621364&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033621364&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033621364&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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