Rossija i Baltija: = Baltic nations' diasporas East of ethnic homeland. 19th - early 21st century Vypusk 10 Diaspory narodov Baltii k vostoku ot ėtničeskoj rodiny, XIX-načalo XXI veka
Диаспоры народов Балтии к востоку от этнической родины, XIX - начало XXI века
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Moskva
Nauka
2021
Moskva Izdatelʹstvo "Vesʹ Mir" 2021 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Annotiertes Personenverzeichnis Seiten 485-515 |
| Beschreibung: | 533 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9785777708571 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ВВЕДЕНИЕ 7 I. НАРОДЫ БАЛТИИ ЗА ПРЕДЕЛАМИ ЭТНИЧЕСКОЙ РОДИНЫ 1. ИСТОРИЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОБЩИН В РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ И СССР. 2-я половина XIX в. - начало XXI в. 13 Шалда В. (Даугавпилс). Латыши в Петербурге: люди и организации XIX — начало XX в. 13 Бартеле Т. (Рига), ПІалда В. (Даугавпилс).
Латыши в Москве во второй половине XIX и в начале XX веков 63 Назарова Е.Л. (Москва). История латышских школ на Смоленщине. Конец XIX - 1930-е годы 98 Буевич ТВ. (Витебск). Латышская диаспора Витебщины: к вопросу о численности «латышей-переселенцев» в 1860-е годы - 1926 г. 130 Яковлева Т.Н.
(Витебск). Клубы, культурно-просветительные кружки и школы латышского населения Витебщины в 1920-е годы 157 Григаравичюте С. (Вильнюс). Высший Совет литовцев Северного Кавказа. Екатеринодар, 1918 г. 186 Башкуев В.Ю. (Улан-Удэ). «Нам говорят забыть про Литву, но мы этого не слушаем.». Формирование
литовской диаспоры Бурятии в условиях режима спецпоселения (1948-1960 гт.) 211 Кузьмин Д. (Таллин). Эстонец-колонист на Кавказе и в Сибири: переселение, адаптация, соседи, судьба (конец XIX - начало XX в.) 243 Тамби С.А. (Москва). Эстонцы на казахской земле в конце XIX - начале XXI вв. 271 5
2. СОХРАНЕНИЕ ТРАДИЦИЙ Бенке О. (д. Бобровка Омской обл.). Сибирские латыши из Верхних Бобров 309 309 Савераса И. (д. Максим Горький, Башкортостан). Латышский язык в башкирской школе 325 Голуба Г, Левова А., Ренга И. (Москва). Латышская школа в Москве 335 Расюлис А. (Красноярск). «Лиетува» в
Красноярске 343 II. ПАМЯТНЫЕ И ЮБИЛЕЙНЫЕ ДАТЫ Назарова Е.Л. (Москва). Рутта А.В. (Бендеры). Каспаре Биезбардис и его потомки (от начала XIX в. до начала XXI в.) 355 Михайлова Ю.Л. (Москва). Историческая память о войне 1812 года в латвийской прессе в межвоенный период 408 Кукушкина И.А. (Москва).
«Символ расцвета литовского парламентаризма» (К 155-летию со дня рождения Казиса Гринюса) 429 Зелюкина ТС. (Москва). Александр Древин и создание Музея живописной культуры. Неопубликованные материалы 440 Страубе Г. (Рига). Ученый и Учитель. Воспоминания ученика. К 100-летию Василия Васильевича
Дорошенко 454 Назарова Е.Л., Дюшен НИ. (Москва). Летописцы конца XX в. Памяти кинодокументалистов Андриса Слапиньша, Юриса Подниекса и Гвидо Звайгзне 460 6 СВЕДЕНИЯ ОБ АВТОРАХ 482 СПИСОК СОКРАЩЕНИЙ 484 ИМЕННОЙ УКАЗАТЕЛЬ 485 SUMMARY 516 CONTENTS 532
Russia and Baltia. Issue 10 Baltic nations’ diasporas East of ethnic homeland. 19th — early 21st century Rossiya i Baltia. Diaspory narodov Băltii k vostoku ot etnicheskoy rodiny. XIX - nachalo XX veka. Vypusk 10 [Russia and Baltia. Issue 10. Baltic nations’ diasporas East of ethnic homeland. 19th — early 21st century] / Institut vseobshchey istorii RAN [Insittute of Universal History of RAS], Moskva: Izdatelstvo VES MIR, 2021. ISBN 978-5-7777-0857-1 SUMMARIES Latvians in Petersburg: people and organizations The 19th century — the beginning of the 20th century. Vitalijs Shalda (Daugavpils) Key words: Latvians, Latgalians, St. Petersburg, the Latvian diaspora in St. Petersburg, societies, culture, charity work In the 2nd half of the 19th century, the capital of the Russian Empire attracted many people who were looking for a workplace and better living conditions. In spite of different fears about the stiff competition on the la bor market, expensive life, the number of Latvian migrants in St. Petersburg increased constantly. The first Latvian organization in St. Petersburg was Latvian parish in the Evangelical-Lutheran Crist Church (1835). The next stage of the development of Latvian organizations took place in 1862 when there was the first attempt to build a union. However, it was only in 1878 that there was established St. Petersburg Latvian Charity Union, which was active until Bolsheviks came to power in Russia. Several other unions were estab lished later as a result of the disintegration of previously existing organizations wherein the subjective factor had a huge
influence. The existence of several unions was disturbing factor and in final result did not allow for obtaining common premises for the union. Unions organized a small part of Petersburg Latvians, but gave an opportunity to nationalistically minded Petersburg Latvians of sustaining interconnections and bonding with the Latvian peo ple and culture. In St. Petersburg, many Latvians were educated in various universities, and then at home in independent Latvia they became prominent scientists, art workers, and politicians. St. Petersburg was also a city of Latgalian national awakening, as a lot of Latgalians (Latvians of the Eastern Latvia, that was then a part of the Vitebsk province of the Russian Empire) that were working and studying 516
during the examined time there. The author of this article presents the result of studying social life of Latgalians in St. Petersburg, their organizations and their complicated relationships with Petersburg’s Latvians, who were natives of Liefland and Curland provinces. Latgalians differed from them in language, confessional affiliation (they were Catholics) and mentality. At the early 1900s Latgalians established three communities in Petersburg. The author stressed that Latgalians in Petersburg could have reaches more success in their economic and social life combining their activity with Latvians. However, Latvians as Lutherans were more educated and treated Latgalians with condescension, emphasizing the differences in the interests of both indigenous peoples of Latvia. Latvians in Moscow During the Period from the Second Haif of the 19th through the Early 20th Century Tatjana Bartele (Rīga), Vitalijs Salda (Daugavpils) Key words: Latvians, Moscow, Young Latvians, Latvian intellectuals, the Latvian society The liberation of the Baltic peasants from serfdom, the introduction of the right to “freedom of movement” for everybody, development of the railways ֊ all of that worked toward the immigration of Latvians from Latvia to other regions of Russia including Moscow. Several Latvians began their studies at the Moscow University as early as in the 1860s. Back in 1867 K. Valdemars — a representative of the “ Young Latvians” movement — moved to Moscow fleeing from the Baltic-German nobility mobbing. He was followed by other “Young Latvians”·. K. Barons, F. Brīvzemnieks, and A.
Spagis. They all had chosen Moscow as their permanent residence. The Latvians who worked or studied in Moscow began grouping around K. Valdemars and F. Brizemnieks. Back in 1870 nationally minded Moscow Latvians set-up regular meetings, which later in the memoirs and historical studies became known as “The Latvian Evenings”. Though according to the authors, those could be also characterized as The Young Latvians meetings. That was the beginning of the self-organization of the Moscow resident Latvians. The Young Latvians meetings were attended by A. Bandrevichs, A. Butuls, J. Chakste, J. Kreinsbergs, J. Velme, A. Zandbergs, and others. They wanted to emancipate the Latvian people from the Baltic German’s harassment as well to reduce the latter’s privileges. K.Valdemars, the leader of the Moscow Young Latvians made particular efforts to gain support of the Russian public in the area of national issues of Latvia. 517
Participants ofthe Evenings made reports on the current social and cultural topics, discussed education, journalistic, and science issues. The Moscow Young Latvians played a special role in the Latvian folklore collecting and publishing; the support (through awards) of the academic papers written in the Latvian language; publishing of a monthly Latvian magazine “Austrums” (“East”). At the beginning of the 20th century the Latvian students in Moscow set up their student organizations: clubs focusing on particular pursuits; Society for the support of Latvians students in Moscow. The Moscow based “ Latvian Mutual Aid Society” was set-up in 1895 with the aim to provide financial support to their sick, poor compatriots, as well as to arrange for loans to the families of conscripts in the army and of those killed in action. The Society managed to also set-up a library; it organized lectures, theater performances, concerts, etc. Back in 1906, this union was renamed into “The Moscow Latvian Society”. There were also created other Latvian organizations, which focused their attention primarily on the national cultural events. Inside these organizations, there was a contest for influence between the bourgeois and left\social-democratically-minded representatives of the Latvian society. The 1905 Revolution caused an upheaval in the life of the Latvians resided in Moscow. P. Dauge wrote in his memoirs that “there was rather numerous revolutionary-minded youth in Moscow in 1905. The events organized by the Latvian societies were also used for a revolutionary propaganda among the Latvian
workers, civil servants, artisans, and intelligentsia. The total number of Latvians increased after 1905 Revolution. There were some 10,000 Latvians who resided in Moscow during the period between 1910 through 1914. More often than not the Latvian language was heard in public places. The Latvian newspapers were on sale in the post offices. The beginning of WWI had created a new situation within the Latvian community in Moscow. History of Latvian Schools in the Smolensk Region Evgeniya L. Nazarova (Moscow) Key words: Latvians settlers in Smolensk region; Latvian schools in diaspora; Soviet national politics, socialist collectivization of agriculture The article talks about the life of Latvians, who lived in the Smolensk Region from the middle of the 19th through the late 30-s of the 20th century. The research focuses on the Latvian schools as a prerequisite for the preservation of the nation in diaspora. The majority of Latvians in this province were peasants, while the rest were town dwellers: workers, civil 518
servants, and intelligentsia. The very appearance of the Latvians in Smolensk province resulted from the possibility of rent or purchase of land here. Latvian schools were opened in Smolensk province at the very beginning of the 20th century as colonists wanted to teach their children in their native language spoken by peasants in colonies. Most of the Latvian schools in Smolensk and rural colonies of the Smolensk province were opened in the 1920s. This was related to the program of the socialist education of the peoples poorly speaking the Russian language. It was also related to the plans to use them as propagandists of the Soviet way of life in their ethnic homelands (in our case - in Latvia) after the expected Victory of the World Proletarian Revolution. Though the significant number of the peasants who suffered during the socialist remodeling of agriculture and “collectivization” were suspicious sceptical about soviet schools, the Latvian schools in the Smolensk region (and in the USSR in general) played a significant role in the preservation of the Soviet Latvians as a part of the Latvian nation. The dissolution ofthe Latvian schools in the USSR resulted from the deviation of state politics and the beginning of the repressions in the 1930-s. The Latvian Diaspora in the Vitebsk Province: the Question of “the Latvian Migrants” Number in the 1860s through 1926 Tatiana V. Buevich (Vitebsk) Key words: Latvians and Latgalians in the Vitebsk province; Latvian settlers (migrants) in the Vitebsk region in the 1920s; the study of Latvian rural colonies in Belarus’; Carl
Shkilter (Karlis Šķilters) The essay refers to verification of the number of the Latvian settlers (colonists) on the territory of the current Eastern parts of the Vitebsk region. Before the October revolution, ethnic Latvian / Latgalian districts were part of the Vitebsk Province of the Russian Empire. The Latvian diaspora in the Vitebsk Province of Belarus was formed after the Latvian-Soviet Treaty of 1920, according which the border between the Belarusian Soviet Republic and the Republic of Latvia had been established. Based on officially published statistics for 1872-1928, the author of the paper managed to find out that the immigration of Latvians into the east (“Belorussian”) districts (uezds) of the Vitebsk Province had been practically completed at the end of the 19th c. Till the middle 1920-s the number of the Latvians remained practically unchanged there. In the 1920s, most of the Belarusian Latvians lived on the territory of the Vitebsk region. Although the Latvian migration within the frames of the Vitebsk province was going 519
on in the 20ih c., a part of Latvians managed to build-out economically sustainable settlements that lasted for more than half a century. Latvian Clubs, Cultural and Educational Circles and Schools in the Vitebsk region. The 1920s Galina N. Yakovleva (Vitebsk) Key words: the Latvian club “Communist”, Latvian cultural and educational groups (circles), Latvian national colonies in the Vitibsk region, the Latvian school in Vitebsk The article deals with the activities of the Latvian schools, clubs, and the cultural-educational circles in the city of Vitebsk as well as in the Latvian colonies in the Vitebsk region in 1920-s. Special attention is paid to the Latvian Vitebsk club “Communist” and the Latvian secondary (7 years study) school at the colony of Lashnevo (in Vysochansk district of the Vitebsk region). The Latvian section of the Vitebsk Regional Committee of the Communist (Bolshevik) Party of Belorussia using the Board and the club members for their own purposes tried to control, direct, and to maximize the ideological component of the schools and cultural-educational clubs in the Latvian colonies with the purpose to convert them into means of “Sovietization” of Latvian colonists. The Supreme Council of Lithuanians in the North Caucasus. Yekaterinodar, 1918 Sandra Grigaravičiute (Vilnius) Key words: Supreme Council of Lithuanians in the North Caucasus, Supreme Council of Lithuanians in Russia, Council of Lithuania, North Caucasus, Yekaterinodar, Voronezh, Vilnius, Pranas Raulinaitis, Eduardas Jatulis, Vincas Čėpla This study addresses the establishment and activities of
the Supreme Council of Lithuanians in the North Caucasus (headquartered in Yekaterinodar). The Council in Yekaterinodar was formed as a division of the Supreme Council of Lithuanians in Russia ( founded in Voronezh, December 1, 1917) to represent “the affairs of the Lithuanian nation” in Soviet Russia and concretely the interests of the Lithuanians who had settled in this region in the early 1900s and as deportees and refugees during the WW1. After the Lithuanian state had been proclaimed, the Yekaterinodar division 520
was focused to defence interests and rights of Lithuanians and Lithuanian subjects including attempts to exempt them from mobilization to the civil war. From August 17 to October 27, 1918 its key focus was the determination of options for Lithuanians who lived in the North Caucasus to return through Rostov-on-Don and Ukraine and the receipt of finances and authorizations for necessary activities from the State Council of Lithuania. «We are told to forget about Lithuania, but we do not listen to.». The Lithuanian diaspora formation in Buryatia under the special settlement regime (1948—1960) Vsevolod Yu. Bashkuyev (Ulan-Ude) Key words: Operation “Vesna”; deportation; “forest brothers”; Buryat- Mongolia, Lithuanians, special settlers, employment, logging, antiSoviet statements, consolidation, Catholicism, diaspora At the beginning of June 1948, three trains with deportees from the Lithuanian SSR arrived in the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR. 4114 men, women, and children were settled in the hastily prepared special settlements of the “Burmongolles” timber trust. The Lithuanians, administratively deported, received the status of special settlers, which formally preserved the basic rights of Soviet citizens, but in reality was a discriminatory label of unreliability and limited the right to freedom of movement. The paper deals with the peculiarities of the social status of Lithuanian special settlers and various aspects of the regime, which launched the processes of internal consolidation in the special contingent to preserve their national and religious identity. The author studies
problems of settlement of deportees, their medical care, and employment of Lithuanians in Buryat-Mongolia, basing on archived documents and recollections of former special settlers. The reasons for growing dissatisfaction with Soviet practices and rituals are highlighted, and examples of critical statements reflecting the real attitude of Lithuanians toward the Soviet way of life are given. Disciplining and discriminatory practices of Stalin’s regime were considered factors of consolidation of the ethnic and religious community of Lithuanians. The history of the formation of the Lithuanian diaspora in Buryatia, from the stage of special convicts to their release from the special settlement and the decision of some Lithuanians to stay in the republic for permanent residence, is analyzed as a complex process of interaction between special settlers and the Soviet regime, which resulted in the development of special ways of coexistence and modes of survival in the extreme conditions of exile and foreign cultural surroundings. 521
Estonian Settlers in the Caucasus and Siberia: Resettlement, Adaptation, Neighbours, Fate (the Late 19th and Early 20th c.) Denis Kuzmin (Tallinn) Key words՛. Estonian diasporas in the world, Estonians in the Caucasus, Estonians in Siberia, the mentality of Estonian settlers (colonists), historiography of the Estonian Diaspora in Russia Estonian diasporas in the world are historically young formations. They were the result of the massive migration waves to the East and West in the 19th and early 20th c. The Estonian diaspora in Russian Empire firstly started to shape in the Eastern outskirts of the state at the end of the 1850s. Heyday of Estonian settlements (colonies) in Russia took part at the early 20th c., and by the beginning of the 21st century some of them have already completed their life cycle. Siberian and Abkhazian parts of the Estonian diaspora were most stable due to their mass character and density of the settlement, and they still retain their viability. But the shards of the Eastern Estonian diaspora can be found throughout the whole historical colony areas in Russia (Volga Region, Crimea, the Caucasus, Siberia). Migration of Estonians started as an agrarian movement, during that process the Estonians founded rural colonies in the Caucasus and Siberia, overcoming difficulties of the way and adaptation, assaults of the press and provincial ruling elites, bureaucratic obstacles, alienation of compatriots and hostility of the new — human and natural - environment. The article based on the extensive reference material examines the fate of the Estonian migration
movement during the stated period, it compares Estonian farmer settlers’ life and their transforming identities in the Caucasus and Siberia, and puts under scrutiny their relations with neighbouring ethnic groups (such as Caucasian Mountaineers, Germans, Cossacks, Greeks, Chinese, nomad tribes, etc.) in each region, without disregarding their mutual attitude with the national metropolis. 522
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 7 I. LATVIANS, LITHUANIANS AND ESTONIANS BEYOND THEIR ETHNIC HOMELAND 1. History of the National Communities in the Russian Empire and in the USSR. The 2nd Part of the 19th Century the Early 2 Id Century Vitalijs Shalda (Daugavpils). Latvians in Petersburg: people and Organizations. The 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century 13 13 Tatjana Bartele (Rīga), Vitalijs Salda (Daugavpils). Latvians in Moscow During the Period from the Second Half of the 19th through the Early 20th Century 63 Evgeniya L. Nazarova (Moscow). History of Latvian Schools in the Smolensk Region 98 Tatiana V. Buevich (Vitebsk). The Latvian Diaspora in the Vitebsk Province: the Question of “the Latvian Migrants” Number in the 1860s through 1926 130 Galina N. Yakovleva (Vitebsk). Latvian Clubs, Cultural and Educational Circles and Schools in the Vitebsk region. The 1920s 157 Sandra Grigaravičiute (Vilnius). The Supreme Council of Lithuanians in the North Caucasus. Yekaterinodar, 1918 186 Vsevolod Yu. Bashkuyev (Ulan-Ude). “We are told to forget about Lithuania, but we do not Usten to.” The Lithuanian diaspora formation in Buryatia under the special settlement regime (1948-1960) 211 Denis Kuzmin (Tallinn). Estonian Settler in the Caucasus and Siberia: Resettlement, Adaptation, Neighbours, Fate (the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries 243 Sergey A. Tambi (Moscow). Estonians in Kazakhstan in the Late 19th - Early 21st Centuries 532 271
309 2. Keeping Traditions Olga Benke (Bobrovka, the Omsk region). The Siberian Latvians from Augšbebri (Upper beavers) 309 Ilona Saverasa ( Maxim Gorky village, Bashkortostan). Latvian Language Study in the School of Bashkiria 325 Guna Gobub, Antra Levova, Ilze Renga (Moscow). Latvian School in Moscow 335 Antanas Rasyunas (Krasnoyarsk). “Lietuva” in the City Krasnoyarsk 343 II. MEMORABLE AND ANNIVERSARY DATES Evgeniya L. Nazarova (Moscow), Anatoly V. Rutta (Bendery). Kaspars Biezbardis and His Descendants. The Earlyl9th - the Early 21st Century 355 Yulija L. Mikhailova (Moscow). Historical Memory About the War of 1812 in the Latvian Press During the Interwar Period 408 Irina A. Kukushkina (Moscow). Remembering Kazis Grinius (1866-1950) 429 Tatyana S. Zeliukina (Moscow). Alexander Dřevin and the Foundation of the Museum of Pictorial Culture (based on hitherto unpublished materials) 440 Gvido Straube (Moscow). Vasily Doroshenko, Scientist and Teacher in the Memoirs of His Student. 454 Evgeniya L. Nazarova, Natalia I. Duchene (Moscow), Late 20th Century Chroniclers. In Memoriam of Documentary filmmakers Andris Slapiņš, Juris Podnieks and Gvido Zvaigzne 460 ABOUT THE AUTHORS 482 ABBRIVIATIONS 484 INDEX OF NAMES 485 SUMMARY 516 533 |
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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ВВЕДЕНИЕ 7 I. НАРОДЫ БАЛТИИ ЗА ПРЕДЕЛАМИ ЭТНИЧЕСКОЙ РОДИНЫ 1. ИСТОРИЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОБЩИН В РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ И СССР. 2-я половина XIX в. - начало XXI в. 13 Шалда В. (Даугавпилс). Латыши в Петербурге: люди и организации XIX — начало XX в. 13 Бартеле Т. (Рига), ПІалда В. (Даугавпилс).
Латыши в Москве во второй половине XIX и в начале XX веков 63 Назарова Е.Л. (Москва). История латышских школ на Смоленщине. Конец XIX - 1930-е годы 98 Буевич ТВ. (Витебск). Латышская диаспора Витебщины: к вопросу о численности «латышей-переселенцев» в 1860-е годы - 1926 г. 130 Яковлева Т.Н.
(Витебск). Клубы, культурно-просветительные кружки и школы латышского населения Витебщины в 1920-е годы 157 Григаравичюте С. (Вильнюс). Высший Совет литовцев Северного Кавказа. Екатеринодар, 1918 г. 186 Башкуев В.Ю. (Улан-Удэ). «Нам говорят забыть про Литву, но мы этого не слушаем.». Формирование
литовской диаспоры Бурятии в условиях режима спецпоселения (1948-1960 гт.) 211 Кузьмин Д. (Таллин). Эстонец-колонист на Кавказе и в Сибири: переселение, адаптация, соседи, судьба (конец XIX - начало XX в.) 243 Тамби С.А. (Москва). Эстонцы на казахской земле в конце XIX - начале XXI вв. 271 5
2. СОХРАНЕНИЕ ТРАДИЦИЙ Бенке О. (д. Бобровка Омской обл.). Сибирские латыши из Верхних Бобров 309 309 Савераса И. (д. Максим Горький, Башкортостан). Латышский язык в башкирской школе 325 Голуба Г, Левова А., Ренга И. (Москва). Латышская школа в Москве 335 Расюлис А. (Красноярск). «Лиетува» в
Красноярске 343 II. ПАМЯТНЫЕ И ЮБИЛЕЙНЫЕ ДАТЫ Назарова Е.Л. (Москва). Рутта А.В. (Бендеры). Каспаре Биезбардис и его потомки (от начала XIX в. до начала XXI в.) 355 Михайлова Ю.Л. (Москва). Историческая память о войне 1812 года в латвийской прессе в межвоенный период 408 Кукушкина И.А. (Москва).
«Символ расцвета литовского парламентаризма» (К 155-летию со дня рождения Казиса Гринюса) 429 Зелюкина ТС. (Москва). Александр Древин и создание Музея живописной культуры. Неопубликованные материалы 440 Страубе Г. (Рига). Ученый и Учитель. Воспоминания ученика. К 100-летию Василия Васильевича
Дорошенко 454 Назарова Е.Л., Дюшен НИ. (Москва). Летописцы конца XX в. Памяти кинодокументалистов Андриса Слапиньша, Юриса Подниекса и Гвидо Звайгзне 460 6 СВЕДЕНИЯ ОБ АВТОРАХ 482 СПИСОК СОКРАЩЕНИЙ 484 ИМЕННОЙ УКАЗАТЕЛЬ 485 SUMMARY 516 CONTENTS 532
Russia and Baltia. Issue 10 Baltic nations’ diasporas East of ethnic homeland. 19th — early 21st century Rossiya i Baltia. Diaspory narodov Băltii k vostoku ot etnicheskoy rodiny. XIX - nachalo XX veka. Vypusk 10 [Russia and Baltia. Issue 10. Baltic nations’ diasporas East of ethnic homeland. 19th — early 21st century] / Institut vseobshchey istorii RAN [Insittute of Universal History of RAS], Moskva: Izdatelstvo VES MIR, 2021. ISBN 978-5-7777-0857-1 SUMMARIES Latvians in Petersburg: people and organizations The 19th century — the beginning of the 20th century. Vitalijs Shalda (Daugavpils) Key words: Latvians, Latgalians, St. Petersburg, the Latvian diaspora in St. Petersburg, societies, culture, charity work In the 2nd half of the 19th century, the capital of the Russian Empire attracted many people who were looking for a workplace and better living conditions. In spite of different fears about the stiff competition on the la bor market, expensive life, the number of Latvian migrants in St. Petersburg increased constantly. The first Latvian organization in St. Petersburg was Latvian parish in the Evangelical-Lutheran Crist Church (1835). The next stage of the development of Latvian organizations took place in 1862 when there was the first attempt to build a union. However, it was only in 1878 that there was established St. Petersburg Latvian Charity Union, which was active until Bolsheviks came to power in Russia. Several other unions were estab lished later as a result of the disintegration of previously existing organizations wherein the subjective factor had a huge
influence. The existence of several unions was disturbing factor and in final result did not allow for obtaining common premises for the union. Unions organized a small part of Petersburg Latvians, but gave an opportunity to nationalistically minded Petersburg Latvians of sustaining interconnections and bonding with the Latvian peo ple and culture. In St. Petersburg, many Latvians were educated in various universities, and then at home in independent Latvia they became prominent scientists, art workers, and politicians. St. Petersburg was also a city of Latgalian national awakening, as a lot of Latgalians (Latvians of the Eastern Latvia, that was then a part of the Vitebsk province of the Russian Empire) that were working and studying 516
during the examined time there. The author of this article presents the result of studying social life of Latgalians in St. Petersburg, their organizations and their complicated relationships with Petersburg’s Latvians, who were natives of Liefland and Curland provinces. Latgalians differed from them in language, confessional affiliation (they were Catholics) and mentality. At the early 1900s Latgalians established three communities in Petersburg. The author stressed that Latgalians in Petersburg could have reaches more success in their economic and social life combining their activity with Latvians. However, Latvians as Lutherans were more educated and treated Latgalians with condescension, emphasizing the differences in the interests of both indigenous peoples of Latvia. Latvians in Moscow During the Period from the Second Haif of the 19th through the Early 20th Century Tatjana Bartele (Rīga), Vitalijs Salda (Daugavpils) Key words: Latvians, Moscow, Young Latvians, Latvian intellectuals, the Latvian society The liberation of the Baltic peasants from serfdom, the introduction of the right to “freedom of movement” for everybody, development of the railways ֊ all of that worked toward the immigration of Latvians from Latvia to other regions of Russia including Moscow. Several Latvians began their studies at the Moscow University as early as in the 1860s. Back in 1867 K. Valdemars — a representative of the “ Young Latvians” movement — moved to Moscow fleeing from the Baltic-German nobility mobbing. He was followed by other “Young Latvians”·. K. Barons, F. Brīvzemnieks, and A.
Spagis. They all had chosen Moscow as their permanent residence. The Latvians who worked or studied in Moscow began grouping around K. Valdemars and F. Brizemnieks. Back in 1870 nationally minded Moscow Latvians set-up regular meetings, which later in the memoirs and historical studies became known as “The Latvian Evenings”. Though according to the authors, those could be also characterized as The Young Latvians meetings. That was the beginning of the self-organization of the Moscow resident Latvians. The Young Latvians meetings were attended by A. Bandrevichs, A. Butuls, J. Chakste, J. Kreinsbergs, J. Velme, A. Zandbergs, and others. They wanted to emancipate the Latvian people from the Baltic German’s harassment as well to reduce the latter’s privileges. K.Valdemars, the leader of the Moscow Young Latvians made particular efforts to gain support of the Russian public in the area of national issues of Latvia. 517
Participants ofthe Evenings made reports on the current social and cultural topics, discussed education, journalistic, and science issues. The Moscow Young Latvians played a special role in the Latvian folklore collecting and publishing; the support (through awards) of the academic papers written in the Latvian language; publishing of a monthly Latvian magazine “Austrums” (“East”). At the beginning of the 20th century the Latvian students in Moscow set up their student organizations: clubs focusing on particular pursuits; Society for the support of Latvians students in Moscow. The Moscow based “ Latvian Mutual Aid Society” was set-up in 1895 with the aim to provide financial support to their sick, poor compatriots, as well as to arrange for loans to the families of conscripts in the army and of those killed in action. The Society managed to also set-up a library; it organized lectures, theater performances, concerts, etc. Back in 1906, this union was renamed into “The Moscow Latvian Society”. There were also created other Latvian organizations, which focused their attention primarily on the national cultural events. Inside these organizations, there was a contest for influence between the bourgeois and left\social-democratically-minded representatives of the Latvian society. The 1905 Revolution caused an upheaval in the life of the Latvians resided in Moscow. P. Dauge wrote in his memoirs that “there was rather numerous revolutionary-minded youth in Moscow in 1905. The events organized by the Latvian societies were also used for a revolutionary propaganda among the Latvian
workers, civil servants, artisans, and intelligentsia. The total number of Latvians increased after 1905 Revolution. There were some 10,000 Latvians who resided in Moscow during the period between 1910 through 1914. More often than not the Latvian language was heard in public places. The Latvian newspapers were on sale in the post offices. The beginning of WWI had created a new situation within the Latvian community in Moscow. History of Latvian Schools in the Smolensk Region Evgeniya L. Nazarova (Moscow) Key words: Latvians settlers in Smolensk region; Latvian schools in diaspora; Soviet national politics, socialist collectivization of agriculture The article talks about the life of Latvians, who lived in the Smolensk Region from the middle of the 19th through the late 30-s of the 20th century. The research focuses on the Latvian schools as a prerequisite for the preservation of the nation in diaspora. The majority of Latvians in this province were peasants, while the rest were town dwellers: workers, civil 518
servants, and intelligentsia. The very appearance of the Latvians in Smolensk province resulted from the possibility of rent or purchase of land here. Latvian schools were opened in Smolensk province at the very beginning of the 20th century as colonists wanted to teach their children in their native language spoken by peasants in colonies. Most of the Latvian schools in Smolensk and rural colonies of the Smolensk province were opened in the 1920s. This was related to the program of the socialist education of the peoples poorly speaking the Russian language. It was also related to the plans to use them as propagandists of the Soviet way of life in their ethnic homelands (in our case - in Latvia) after the expected Victory of the World Proletarian Revolution. Though the significant number of the peasants who suffered during the socialist remodeling of agriculture and “collectivization” were suspicious sceptical about soviet schools, the Latvian schools in the Smolensk region (and in the USSR in general) played a significant role in the preservation of the Soviet Latvians as a part of the Latvian nation. The dissolution ofthe Latvian schools in the USSR resulted from the deviation of state politics and the beginning of the repressions in the 1930-s. The Latvian Diaspora in the Vitebsk Province: the Question of “the Latvian Migrants” Number in the 1860s through 1926 Tatiana V. Buevich (Vitebsk) Key words: Latvians and Latgalians in the Vitebsk province; Latvian settlers (migrants) in the Vitebsk region in the 1920s; the study of Latvian rural colonies in Belarus’; Carl
Shkilter (Karlis Šķilters) The essay refers to verification of the number of the Latvian settlers (colonists) on the territory of the current Eastern parts of the Vitebsk region. Before the October revolution, ethnic Latvian / Latgalian districts were part of the Vitebsk Province of the Russian Empire. The Latvian diaspora in the Vitebsk Province of Belarus was formed after the Latvian-Soviet Treaty of 1920, according which the border between the Belarusian Soviet Republic and the Republic of Latvia had been established. Based on officially published statistics for 1872-1928, the author of the paper managed to find out that the immigration of Latvians into the east (“Belorussian”) districts (uezds) of the Vitebsk Province had been practically completed at the end of the 19th c. Till the middle 1920-s the number of the Latvians remained practically unchanged there. In the 1920s, most of the Belarusian Latvians lived on the territory of the Vitebsk region. Although the Latvian migration within the frames of the Vitebsk province was going 519
on in the 20ih c., a part of Latvians managed to build-out economically sustainable settlements that lasted for more than half a century. Latvian Clubs, Cultural and Educational Circles and Schools in the Vitebsk region. The 1920s Galina N. Yakovleva (Vitebsk) Key words: the Latvian club “Communist”, Latvian cultural and educational groups (circles), Latvian national colonies in the Vitibsk region, the Latvian school in Vitebsk The article deals with the activities of the Latvian schools, clubs, and the cultural-educational circles in the city of Vitebsk as well as in the Latvian colonies in the Vitebsk region in 1920-s. Special attention is paid to the Latvian Vitebsk club “Communist” and the Latvian secondary (7 years study) school at the colony of Lashnevo (in Vysochansk district of the Vitebsk region). The Latvian section of the Vitebsk Regional Committee of the Communist (Bolshevik) Party of Belorussia using the Board and the club members for their own purposes tried to control, direct, and to maximize the ideological component of the schools and cultural-educational clubs in the Latvian colonies with the purpose to convert them into means of “Sovietization” of Latvian colonists. The Supreme Council of Lithuanians in the North Caucasus. Yekaterinodar, 1918 Sandra Grigaravičiute (Vilnius) Key words: Supreme Council of Lithuanians in the North Caucasus, Supreme Council of Lithuanians in Russia, Council of Lithuania, North Caucasus, Yekaterinodar, Voronezh, Vilnius, Pranas Raulinaitis, Eduardas Jatulis, Vincas Čėpla This study addresses the establishment and activities of
the Supreme Council of Lithuanians in the North Caucasus (headquartered in Yekaterinodar). The Council in Yekaterinodar was formed as a division of the Supreme Council of Lithuanians in Russia ( founded in Voronezh, December 1, 1917) to represent “the affairs of the Lithuanian nation” in Soviet Russia and concretely the interests of the Lithuanians who had settled in this region in the early 1900s and as deportees and refugees during the WW1. After the Lithuanian state had been proclaimed, the Yekaterinodar division 520
was focused to defence interests and rights of Lithuanians and Lithuanian subjects including attempts to exempt them from mobilization to the civil war. From August 17 to October 27, 1918 its key focus was the determination of options for Lithuanians who lived in the North Caucasus to return through Rostov-on-Don and Ukraine and the receipt of finances and authorizations for necessary activities from the State Council of Lithuania. «We are told to forget about Lithuania, but we do not listen to.». The Lithuanian diaspora formation in Buryatia under the special settlement regime (1948—1960) Vsevolod Yu. Bashkuyev (Ulan-Ude) Key words: Operation “Vesna”; deportation; “forest brothers”; Buryat- Mongolia, Lithuanians, special settlers, employment, logging, antiSoviet statements, consolidation, Catholicism, diaspora At the beginning of June 1948, three trains with deportees from the Lithuanian SSR arrived in the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR. 4114 men, women, and children were settled in the hastily prepared special settlements of the “Burmongolles” timber trust. The Lithuanians, administratively deported, received the status of special settlers, which formally preserved the basic rights of Soviet citizens, but in reality was a discriminatory label of unreliability and limited the right to freedom of movement. The paper deals with the peculiarities of the social status of Lithuanian special settlers and various aspects of the regime, which launched the processes of internal consolidation in the special contingent to preserve their national and religious identity. The author studies
problems of settlement of deportees, their medical care, and employment of Lithuanians in Buryat-Mongolia, basing on archived documents and recollections of former special settlers. The reasons for growing dissatisfaction with Soviet practices and rituals are highlighted, and examples of critical statements reflecting the real attitude of Lithuanians toward the Soviet way of life are given. Disciplining and discriminatory practices of Stalin’s regime were considered factors of consolidation of the ethnic and religious community of Lithuanians. The history of the formation of the Lithuanian diaspora in Buryatia, from the stage of special convicts to their release from the special settlement and the decision of some Lithuanians to stay in the republic for permanent residence, is analyzed as a complex process of interaction between special settlers and the Soviet regime, which resulted in the development of special ways of coexistence and modes of survival in the extreme conditions of exile and foreign cultural surroundings. 521
Estonian Settlers in the Caucasus and Siberia: Resettlement, Adaptation, Neighbours, Fate (the Late 19th and Early 20th c.) Denis Kuzmin (Tallinn) Key words՛. Estonian diasporas in the world, Estonians in the Caucasus, Estonians in Siberia, the mentality of Estonian settlers (colonists), historiography of the Estonian Diaspora in Russia Estonian diasporas in the world are historically young formations. They were the result of the massive migration waves to the East and West in the 19th and early 20th c. The Estonian diaspora in Russian Empire firstly started to shape in the Eastern outskirts of the state at the end of the 1850s. Heyday of Estonian settlements (colonies) in Russia took part at the early 20th c., and by the beginning of the 21st century some of them have already completed their life cycle. Siberian and Abkhazian parts of the Estonian diaspora were most stable due to their mass character and density of the settlement, and they still retain their viability. But the shards of the Eastern Estonian diaspora can be found throughout the whole historical colony areas in Russia (Volga Region, Crimea, the Caucasus, Siberia). Migration of Estonians started as an agrarian movement, during that process the Estonians founded rural colonies in the Caucasus and Siberia, overcoming difficulties of the way and adaptation, assaults of the press and provincial ruling elites, bureaucratic obstacles, alienation of compatriots and hostility of the new — human and natural - environment. The article based on the extensive reference material examines the fate of the Estonian migration
movement during the stated period, it compares Estonian farmer settlers’ life and their transforming identities in the Caucasus and Siberia, and puts under scrutiny their relations with neighbouring ethnic groups (such as Caucasian Mountaineers, Germans, Cossacks, Greeks, Chinese, nomad tribes, etc.) in each region, without disregarding their mutual attitude with the national metropolis. 522
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 7 I. LATVIANS, LITHUANIANS AND ESTONIANS BEYOND THEIR ETHNIC HOMELAND 1. History of the National Communities in the Russian Empire and in the USSR. The 2nd Part of the 19th Century the Early 2 Id Century Vitalijs Shalda (Daugavpils). Latvians in Petersburg: people and Organizations. The 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century 13 13 Tatjana Bartele (Rīga), Vitalijs Salda (Daugavpils). Latvians in Moscow During the Period from the Second Half of the 19th through the Early 20th Century 63 Evgeniya L. Nazarova (Moscow). History of Latvian Schools in the Smolensk Region 98 Tatiana V. Buevich (Vitebsk). The Latvian Diaspora in the Vitebsk Province: the Question of “the Latvian Migrants” Number in the 1860s through 1926 130 Galina N. Yakovleva (Vitebsk). Latvian Clubs, Cultural and Educational Circles and Schools in the Vitebsk region. The 1920s 157 Sandra Grigaravičiute (Vilnius). The Supreme Council of Lithuanians in the North Caucasus. Yekaterinodar, 1918 186 Vsevolod Yu. Bashkuyev (Ulan-Ude). “We are told to forget about Lithuania, but we do not Usten to.” The Lithuanian diaspora formation in Buryatia under the special settlement regime (1948-1960) 211 Denis Kuzmin (Tallinn). Estonian Settler in the Caucasus and Siberia: Resettlement, Adaptation, Neighbours, Fate (the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries 243 Sergey A. Tambi (Moscow). Estonians in Kazakhstan in the Late 19th - Early 21st Centuries 532 271
309 2. Keeping Traditions Olga Benke (Bobrovka, the Omsk region). The Siberian Latvians from Augšbebri (Upper beavers) 309 Ilona Saverasa ( Maxim Gorky village, Bashkortostan). Latvian Language Study in the School of Bashkiria 325 Guna Gobub, Antra Levova, Ilze Renga (Moscow). Latvian School in Moscow 335 Antanas Rasyunas (Krasnoyarsk). “Lietuva” in the City Krasnoyarsk 343 II. MEMORABLE AND ANNIVERSARY DATES Evgeniya L. Nazarova (Moscow), Anatoly V. Rutta (Bendery). Kaspars Biezbardis and His Descendants. The Earlyl9th - the Early 21st Century 355 Yulija L. Mikhailova (Moscow). Historical Memory About the War of 1812 in the Latvian Press During the Interwar Period 408 Irina A. Kukushkina (Moscow). Remembering Kazis Grinius (1866-1950) 429 Tatyana S. Zeliukina (Moscow). Alexander Dřevin and the Foundation of the Museum of Pictorial Culture (based on hitherto unpublished materials) 440 Gvido Straube (Moscow). Vasily Doroshenko, Scientist and Teacher in the Memoirs of His Student. 454 Evgeniya L. Nazarova, Natalia I. Duchene (Moscow), Late 20th Century Chroniclers. In Memoriam of Documentary filmmakers Andris Slapiņš, Juris Podnieks and Gvido Zvaigzne 460 ABOUT THE AUTHORS 482 ABBRIVIATIONS 484 INDEX OF NAMES 485 SUMMARY 516 533 |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Sibirien (DE-588)4054780-2 gnd Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Sibirien Sowjetunion Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV048237792 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T19:53:04Z |
| indexdate | 2024-08-15T00:14:40Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)1058203827 |
| isbn | 9785777708571 |
| language | Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033618366 |
| oclc_num | 1349546948 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| physical | 533 Seiten Illustrationen |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220804 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Nauka Izdatelʹstvo "Vesʹ Mir" |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | 880-01 Rossija i Baltija = Baltic nations' diasporas East of ethnic homeland. 19th - early 21st century Vypusk 10 Diaspory narodov Baltii k vostoku ot ėtničeskoj rodiny, XIX-načalo XXI veka Institut Vseobščej istorii Rossijskoj akademii nauk ; redakcionnaja kollegija: A.O. Čubarʹjan (otvetstvennyj redaktor) [und 5 andere] Moskva Nauka 2021 Moskva Izdatelʹstvo "Vesʹ Mir" 2021 533 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Annotiertes Personenverzeichnis Seiten 485-515 Englische Zusammenfassungen der Beiträge Geschichte 1800-2020 gnd rswk-swf Diaspora Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)1188375210 gnd rswk-swf Migration (DE-588)4120730-0 gnd rswk-swf Balten (DE-588)4086321-9 gnd rswk-swf Sibirien (DE-588)4054780-2 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Sibirien (DE-588)4054780-2 g Balten (DE-588)4086321-9 s Diaspora Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)1188375210 s Migration (DE-588)4120730-0 s Geschichte 1800-2020 z DE-604 Čubarʹjan, Aleksandr Oganovič 1931- (DE-588)104221100 edt Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk Institut vseobščej istorii (DE-588)1058203827 isb (DE-604)BV021732780 10 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033618366&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033618366&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033618366&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 245-01/(N Диаспоры народов Балтии к востоку от этнической родины, XIX - начало XXI века |
| spellingShingle | Rossija i Baltija = Baltic nations' diasporas East of ethnic homeland. 19th - early 21st century Diaspora Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)1188375210 gnd Migration (DE-588)4120730-0 gnd Balten (DE-588)4086321-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1188375210 (DE-588)4120730-0 (DE-588)4086321-9 (DE-588)4054780-2 (DE-588)4077548-3 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Rossija i Baltija = Baltic nations' diasporas East of ethnic homeland. 19th - early 21st century |
| title_auth | Rossija i Baltija = Baltic nations' diasporas East of ethnic homeland. 19th - early 21st century |
| title_exact_search | Rossija i Baltija = Baltic nations' diasporas East of ethnic homeland. 19th - early 21st century |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Rossija i Baltija = Baltic nations' diasporas East of ethnic homeland. 19th - early 21st century |
| title_full | Rossija i Baltija = Baltic nations' diasporas East of ethnic homeland. 19th - early 21st century Vypusk 10 Diaspory narodov Baltii k vostoku ot ėtničeskoj rodiny, XIX-načalo XXI veka Institut Vseobščej istorii Rossijskoj akademii nauk ; redakcionnaja kollegija: A.O. Čubarʹjan (otvetstvennyj redaktor) [und 5 andere] |
| title_fullStr | Rossija i Baltija = Baltic nations' diasporas East of ethnic homeland. 19th - early 21st century Vypusk 10 Diaspory narodov Baltii k vostoku ot ėtničeskoj rodiny, XIX-načalo XXI veka Institut Vseobščej istorii Rossijskoj akademii nauk ; redakcionnaja kollegija: A.O. Čubarʹjan (otvetstvennyj redaktor) [und 5 andere] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rossija i Baltija = Baltic nations' diasporas East of ethnic homeland. 19th - early 21st century Vypusk 10 Diaspory narodov Baltii k vostoku ot ėtničeskoj rodiny, XIX-načalo XXI veka Institut Vseobščej istorii Rossijskoj akademii nauk ; redakcionnaja kollegija: A.O. Čubarʹjan (otvetstvennyj redaktor) [und 5 andere] |
| title_short | Rossija i Baltija |
| title_sort | rossija i baltija baltic nations diasporas east of ethnic homeland 19th early 21st century diaspory narodov baltii k vostoku ot etniceskoj rodiny xix nacalo xxi veka |
| title_sub | = Baltic nations' diasporas East of ethnic homeland. 19th - early 21st century |
| topic | Diaspora Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)1188375210 gnd Migration (DE-588)4120730-0 gnd Balten (DE-588)4086321-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Diaspora Sozialwissenschaften Migration Balten Sibirien Sowjetunion Russland Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033618366&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033618366&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033618366&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV021732780 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cubarʹjanaleksandroganovic rossijaibaltijabalticnationsdiasporaseastofethnichomeland19thearly21stcenturyvypusk10 AT rossijskajaakademijanaukinstitutvseobscejistorii rossijaibaltijabalticnationsdiasporaseastofethnichomeland19thearly21stcenturyvypusk10 |
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