The Russian army and the Jewish population, 1914-1917: libel, persecution, reaction
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| Schriftenreihe: | Palgrave critical studies of antisemitism and racism
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| adam_text | Contents 1 Introduction 2 The Russian Army and the Jews at the Start of the Twentieth Century The Army’s Role in Political and. Social Life The Russian Army and the Jews Before World War I Draft Plans to Abolish Army Conscription ofJews The Course of Operations and Structural Changes in the Army 3 4 Army Authority and Activity in the Sphere of Civilian Administration Structure and Powers of the Military Administration The Military Leadership and theCouncil of Ministers Functioning of the Military Administration Forced Evacuation (1915) The Russian Army Command and the Negative Stereotype of the Jew The Russian Command ’s Perception ofJews in the Army and of the Jewish Population Charges Against the Jews Antisemitism of Russian Commanders The Military and Right-Wing Press About the Jews Reasons for Formation of a Negative Image of the Jews 1 15 15 22 28 33 41 42 49 55 65 73 80 86 92 95 xiii
xiv 5 6 7 8 9 CONTENTS Deportations of the Jewish Population and Hostage Taking (1914-1915) 109 Total Expulsions: Rules and Reality (August 1914—February 1915) Deportations as an Officially Approved Measure in the “Struggle” Against the Jews Expulsionsfrom Kovno and Kurland Gubernias (April-May 1915) Expulsions from Occupied Galicia After Massive Deportations (Summer-Fall 1915) Hostage Taking: From Single Cases to Policy 109 The Military Authorities and the Jews Army Counterintelligence Military Courts and the Jews Administrative Expulsions Military Censorship A Ban on Movement Jewish Suppliers and Contractors, Jews in Public Organizations Summing Up the Jewish Policy of Military Authorities 145 145 153 157 163 168 Soldiers, Officers, and the Jewish Population of the Frontal Zone Soldiers, Officers, and Jews Pillaging. The Behavior of Cossack Units Pogroms in the Battle Zone Executions in the Frontal Zone Servicemen and Women Jews and the Non-Jewish Population in the Frontal Zone “The Jewish Question” and the Political Situation in Russia Hopes of the First Months of the War Russian-]ewish Appeals to the Authorities Political Parties and the Jewish Question (1915) “The Jewish Question” in the Russian Government (1915) “The Jewish Question” in the Duma (1916) Conclusion 113 116 125 131 135 170 175 179 180 186 192 199 202 209 215 215 221 227 234 245 251
CONTENTS XV Appendix 269 Bibliography 271 Index 293
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Index A Aleinikov, Mikhail S., 218 Alekseev, Mikhail V., 11, 17, 31, 43, 54, 59, 62, 67, 74, 88, 90, 102, 108, 116-118, 123-125, 132-134, 140, 142, 146, 149, 150, 153, 167, 172-174, 256, 257, 259, 264 All-Russian National Union, 97, 252 All-Russian Zemstvo Union, 173 American Jewry, 234 Anatolia, 201 Eastern, 9 Anglo-Boer war, 104 An-sky, S. (Rappoport, Shloyme), ix, 2, 51, 184, 193, 217, 251 Anti-Jewish violence of 1918-1920, 2, 6, 12, 263 Anykščiai, 196, 204, 209 Appeal To the Poles, The, 51, 70, 107 Appeal To the Russian People of Red Rus, The, 50 Apukhtin, Alexander N., 64 Archive of the Russian Revolution, xi Ariogala, 183 Armeiskii vestnik, 92, 93, 106 Asquith, Herbert Henry, 54 Augustów, 154 Austro-Hungary, 16, 34, 42, 51, 55, 107, 128 army of, 8 atrocities against civilian population, 8 В Babtai, 183 Baggovut, Alexander K., 91, 126, 139 Bakhmetev, Yuri P., 236 Balbieriški, 184 Balkans, 9 Baltic gubernias (provinces), 42, 56, 106 Bark, Petr L., 43, 86, 88, 99, 136, 140, 141, 223, 236, 237, 239, 241, 251, 252, 264 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 S. Goldin, The Russian Army and the Jewish Population, 1914—1917, Palgrave Critical Studies of Antisemitism and Racism, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99788-5 293
294 INDEX Baron, Salo W., x, 4, 266, 267 Basili, Nikolai A., 81 Bauska, 117 Będzin, 155 Beilis blood libel trial, 267 Bekman Vladimir A., 27 Belarus. Sce Belorussia Belgium, 212, 261 Belgrade, 43 Belorussia, 72, 262 pogroms in, 132, 198 Belostok [Białystok], 18, 122, 150, 162, 181 Belz, 78 Benkendorf, Alexander К., Count, 236, 249 Berlin, 2, 46, 98, 141, 208, 235 Bessarabian gubernia, 112 Bisherevichi, 206 Black Book, x Black Hundred(s), 94, 165 Blank, Ruvim Μ., 235 Bloch, Marc, 254 Blokh, Grigory A., 224 Bobrinskii, Georgy A., Count, 56, 60, 110, 126-130, 135, 162, 168, 171, 175 Bobyr’ Nikolai P., 159 Bodzentyn, 192 Bohemia, 55 Bolimów pocket, 111 Bolsheviks, 6 Bomash, Meir Kh., ix, 78, 164, 189, 194, 215, 222, 223, 226, 232, 246, 247 Bonch-Bruevich, Mikhail D., 133, 172 Botka [Batkiai], 112 Bramson, Leonty Μ., ix, 134, 218, 225 Brandes, Georg, 235 Braudo, Alexander I., 218, 228, 234, 235, 244 Brest-Litovsk, 89, 182 Brody, 193, 194 Brusilov, Alexey A., 30, 34, 63, 110, 157, 159, 177, 187, 199 Brzeziny, 136, 200 Buchach [Buczacz], 81 Buchanan, George, Sir, 219, 236, 237 Buchany, 201 Budapest, 34 Budnitskii, Oleg, 12, 95, 153, 156, 179, 181, 193, 194, 230, 245, 252, 262, 266 Budvitsa, 169 Bukovina, 2, 9, 13, 33, 34, 113, 128, 258 Bulgakov, Boris A., 127 Bund, 32, 88, 216, 231 Bużil, 181 Bychawa, 75, 76 C Carpathians, 51, 81, 150 Caucasus, 31, 43, 104, 135, 142, 254 military district of, 31 North, 190 wars, 135, 254 Cecil, Robert, Lord, 237, 244 Čekiškė, 120, 121 Censorship, military, 3, 56, 70, 164-166 Central Asia, 48, 104 Cherniavskii, Michael, xi Chernigov [Chernihiv],
48, 115, 138, 139 gubernia, 139 Chernovo, 207 Chervonnaia Rus’. See Galicia Chkheidze, Nikolai S., 230, 231, 246 Chmielnik, 200
INDEX Chortkov [Chortkiv], 81 Circular of the High Command, 22 January 1915, 255 Civil War in Russia, 45 Committee for the Liberation of Russian Jewry, 99 La Correspondance russe, 235 Council of Ministers of Russia, xi Council of United Nobility, 252 Counterintelligence departments (KRO), 101, 145, 146, 148-150, 152-154, 156, 158, 159, 166, 169,172 Crimea, 104 Crimean Peninsula. See Crimea Crimean War, 104 Cuba, 104 Cuban-American war, 254 Częstochowa, 26, 76 Czyżew, 85 D Danilov, Nikolai A., 44, 59, 66, 86, 226 Danilov, Yuni N., 46, 58, 61, 62, 87, 99 The Darkest Russia, 235 Davidsohn, Leib, 221 Debeikiai, 196, 204 Democratic group, 216 Denikin, Anton I., 17, 18, 23-25, 99 Dilman, 199 Dinant, 9, 262 Djilas, Milovan, 207 Dnepr River, 114-116 Dobromyl district, 128 Dokshytsy, 197, 198 Dolgorukii, Pavel D., Prince, 156 Domansky, Elizabeth, 7, 8 Druskieniki [Druskininkai], 116 Dubnow, Simon, x, xi, 97, 218, 226, 229 295 Dukhonin, Nikolai N., 153 Duma, ix, 18, 21, 29, 51, 54, 71, 78, 84, 96, 125, 136, 189, 216, 218, 226, 232, 233, 240, 244-249, 253, 260, 267 Fourth, 21, 25, 215 Jewish deputies of, 220, 246, 248, 249 Third, 21, 29 Dvinsk [Daugavpils], 46, 56, 59, 64, 86, 87, 101, 132, 139, 142, 152, 158, 159, 161, 162, 166, 168, 171, 177, 211 military district of, 56, 59, 64, 86, 87, 101, 132, 139, 142, 161 Dzhunkovskii, Vladimir F., 44, 56, 126, 146, 194 E Eastern Prussia, 33, 186 Ehrenburg, Ilya, x Ekaterinoslav gubernia, 115 Ekk, Eduard V., 31 El’sner, Evgeny F., 171 Engalychev, Pavel N. Prince, 46, 56, 66 Engel, David, 4, 5, 11, 179, 193, 213 England, 54, 55, 169, 234, 235,
237 Enisei gubernia, 163 Entente, 236, 237 Erlikh, Henryk (G.M.), xi Estland gubernia, 42, 56 Europe, 8, 11, 105, 251 Eastern, viii European Jewry, viii, 3 Evert, Alexey E., 88, 102 Evlogii, Archbishop, 60 Evrei na voine [Jews at war], 164, 165 Evreiskaia starina (ES), x, xi Executive Bureau. See Jewish Political Bureau
296 INDEX Expulsions, administratíve, 157, 162, 163, 258 F February revolution (of 1917), 163, 178, 250, 260, 261 Fiderbaum, Abram Khaim, Rabbi, 113 Finance Ministry of Russia, 16, 21 Folkspartei (Jewish Peoples’ Party), 216 Foreign Ministry of Russia, 134, 241, 244, 249 Foreign Office (Great Britain), 237 Foucault, Michel, 7, 103 Fraind, Naftali-Yosif, Rabbi, 85 France, 16, 55, 234, 235, 237, 254 Francis, David R., 222 Frenkel, Yakov Kh., 224 Fridman, Naftali Μ., ix, 125, 136, 211, 215, 216, 218, 221-226, 232, 233, 246-248 Frumkin, Yakov G., 218, 228, 231 Fuller, William C., 37 G Galicia, ix, 1, 2, 9, 12, 13, 33, 34, 50-53, 56, 60, 79-81, 92, 103, 107, 110, 113, 125-131, 134, 135, 140, 141, 159, 162, 166, 168, 171, 172, 175, 178, 181, 184, 187, 189, 191, 193, 199, 203, 209, 210, 216, 222, 251, 255, 256, 258, 262, 266 expulsions of Jews from, 128-131, 163 Jewish pogroms in, 193 local population and Jews, 187 Moscowphiles or Russophiles Russian administration of, 107 Russian occupation of, 140 Gendarmes’ Divisional Corps, 146 General Staff, 17, 58, 74, 253 Academy of the, 58 Chief Administration of the, 58 German Bet on Russian Reaction, The, 251 Germany, 16, 32, 42, 55, 83, 99, 101, 107, 148, 159, 160, 208, 212, 234, 239, 245, 251, 252, 262 army of, 207 atrocities against civilian population, 212 Gerua, Boris V., 44 Gintsburg, Alfred G. Baron, 239-241 Gliniany, 191 Glubokoe [Hlybokaye], 190, 203 Golos Rusi, 94 Gomel, 94 Góra Kalwaria, 149 Goremykin, Ivan L., 50, 125, 138, 164, 192, 219, 221, 222, 224, 226, 227, 238, 239, 241, 242, 252 Goworów, 85 Grabar’, Vladimir E., 203
Great Britain. See England Griazev, Nikolai D., 64, 117, 169, 170, 211 Grigor’ev, Vladimir N., 131, 132 Grodno, 5, 42, 48, 61, 90, 91, 117, 132, 139, 160, 161, 185, 195 gubernia, 91, 132, 134, 139, 140, 160 Grodzisk, 112, 113, 115 Grójec, 115, 116, 146, 154 Grossman, Vasilii, x Grulev, Mikhail V., 24, 25 Gruzenberg, Oscar O., 154, 155, 218, 221 Gubernia gendarme departments (GZhU), 148, 151-153, 157, 161, 210
INDEX Gurevich, Ezeqiel В., 215, 224 Gurko, Vasilii L, 54, 104, 105, 191 H Hagen, William W, 190 Haint, 166 Hatsefira, 166 Headquarters of the Supreme Commander (Stavka), ix, 42 Hindenburg, Paul von, 101, 264 Holocaust, 12 Holquist, Peter, 6, 7, 13, 71, 74, 86, 88, 103-105, 113, 114, 194, 201, 203, 254, 258 Hrymailiv, 82 Hungary, 55, 81 Husiatyn, 81 I Ignat’ev, Pavel N., Count, 84 Igumen [Chervyen], 210 Ilūkste, 210 Ilya (Vilna gubernia), 204 Information Bureau of the Jewish deputies, ix Interior Ministry of Russia, 19, 21, 23, 25, 32, 47, 48, 52, 88, 105, 115, 120, 126, 127, 211, 240, 242, 246 Irkutsk, 156, 157, 160-162 gubernia, 157, 160 Ivangorod [Dęmblin], 111 Ivanov, Nikolai I., 21, 31, 46, 65, 68, 79, 88, 114, 133, 141 Ivanovo-Voznesensk, 18 Iwaniska, 138 Izbica, 84, 136 Izgoev, Alexander S., 248 J Japan, 19, 234 297 Jarosław, 194 Jewish Committee to Aid War Victims (EKOPO), 82, 91, 173, 218, 225 Jewish Political Bureau, 228, 229, 231 Jewish Question in Russia, 238, 244, 249-251 К Kabyle (Algeria), 104 Kadet party, x, 215, 227, 231, 232, 248, 260, 267 Kadzidło, 112 Kafafov, Konstantin D., 83, 84, 89, 173, 245-247 Kaigorodov, Mikhail N., 185 Kalish [Kalisz] gubernia, 77 Kalita Ivan, Grand Prince, 51 Kalvarija (Suvalki gubernia), 89 Kamenka, Boris A., 239-241 Kamyanka Volos’ka, 202 Karpenko, Pavel A., 64 Katkov, George, 97-99 Kazan, 206 Kerenskii, Alexander F., 190, 229, 233 Kernozia, 77, 199 Kersnovskii, Anton A., 17-19, 43, 102 Kharitonov, Petr A., 53 Kharkov gubernia, 45 Khelmitskii, Pavel L., 206, 207 Kherson, 28 gubernia, 42 Kholm gubernia [Chełm], 81
Khoronzhitskii, Solomon I., 224 Khotyn district, 112, 194 Khvostov, Alexey N., 247 Kielce, 137-139, 155 gubernia, 137, 139, 183, 186, 192, 197, 200, 223, 227
298 INDEX Kiev [Kyiv], 31, 48, 49, 69, 84, 131, 140, 141, 161, 163, 165, 178, 186, 226 gubernia, 42 military district of, 31, 46, 48, 131, 141, 163, 165, 178, 211 Kingdom of Poland. See Poland Kishinev pogrom, 27, 234, 235 Kisielewo, 188 Kitchener, Horatio Herbert, 236, 238 Klembovskii, Vladislav N., 75 Knyshin, 140 Kokoshkin, Fedor F., 228 Königsberg, 207 Końskie, 138 Konstantin Konstaninovich, Grand Duke, 96 Koprzywnica, 191, 204 Kornilov, Lavr G., 17 Kovalevskii, Maxim Μ., 227 Kovel, 156 Kovno [Kaunas], xii, 42, 60, 64, 75, 112, 116-118, 120, 121, 125, 126, 129, 131, 139, 142, 159, 161, 169, 183, 195, 201, 203, 204, 210, 211, 215, 224, 225, 230, 238, 256 Deportations from, 116, 129, 210, 238, 256 gubernia, 64, 116, 120, 121, 125, 126, 134, 142, 159, 183, 195, 201, 203, 204, 210, 211, 215, 224, 225, 230, 238 local population and Jews, 60, 120 Koziany, 196 Kozienice, 112, 187 Krakės, 120 Kraśnik, 156 Kretingen [Kretinga], 64 Krėva, 196 Krivoshein, Alexander V., 53, 63, 65, 68, 69, 71, 238, 241-244, 252 Krupenskii, Pavel N., 245 Kuban oblast, 104 Kumanov, David Sh., 164 Kurazhevo, 207 Kurland gubernia, 56, 112, 116, 121, 129, 131, 134, 139, 142, 160, 210, 211, 225, 238 deportations from, 139 Kurlov, Pavel G., 44, 52, 55-57, 59-63, 101, 106, 118, 119, 160, 167 Kuropatkin, Alexey N., 29, 38, 80 Kursk gubernia, 91 Kutuzov, Mikhail I., 68 Kuzhi [Kužiai], 94, 119 Kuźnica, 132 L Labor Party (Trudoviki), 164, 230 Ladyzhenskii, Ivan N., 49 Łask, 77, 78 Lavrinovskii, Nikolai N., 48 Laws of expulsion of Jews, The, 140 Laws on localities under martial law, The, 42 Lemeshevichi, 205,
206, 208 Lemke, Mikhail K., 42-46, 52, 57-59, 67, 69, 70, 110, 157, 174, 187, 195 Leszno, 188 Levene, Mark, 9, 121, 122, 176, 235-237 Libava [Liepaja], 111 Lifland gubernia, 56, 69 Lithuania, xii, 2, 29, 64, 89, 93, 119, 121, 178, 199, 262 Litvinov, Alexander L, 31, 143, 198 Liubimov, Dmitri N., 56, 97, 116, 166 Liubishew, 78 Livadia, 58
INDEX Līvāni, 211 Lloyd George, David, 54, 55 Łódź, 84, 146 Lohr, Eric, 2, 6 9, 57, 86, 98, 105, 106, 109, 111, 114, 115, 118, 131, 135, 139, 140, 145, 177-179, 198, 208, 213, 239, 255, 261, 265 Lokachi, 197 Łomża, 80, 85, 89, 112, 115, 122, 136, 137, 159, 162, 182, 186 gubernia, 85, 112, 136, 162, 186 London, 6, 8, 9, 12, 23, 33, 55, 80, 98, 100, 102, 154, 155, 212, 235, 242, 249 Louvain, 9 Łowicz, 115, 146 Lublin, 26, 83, 136, 156, 189 gubernia, 136, 156 Ludendorff, Erich von, 8, 262 Lutsk, 78, 141, 160 Lvov, G.E. Prince, 71, 173, 194 Lvov [L’viv], 51, 56, 81, 94, 126 L’vovskoe voennoe slovo, 94, 95 Μ Main Headquarters, 19, 22, 247 Makeev, Mikhail, 26 Maklakov, Nikolai A., 51, 88, 90, 136, 139, 223, 227, 232, 238 Maklakov, Vasilii A., 229, 246, 252 Maleniec, 183 Marijampolė, 90, 119, 155 Markov, Nikolai E., 252 Markuszów, 188 Martin, Terry, 103, 110 Mártson, Fedor V., 30 Mass annihilation of Armenians and Assyrians, 10 Mavrin, Alexey A., 44, 66, 83, 126, 127, 130, 170, 258 299 Mel’gunov, Sergey P., 85, 189 Men’shikov, Mikhail O., 38, 97, 106 Mezentsov, Alexander V., 81, 171, 172 Miasoedov, Sergey N., 99, 154, 156 case of, 99 Middle East, 11 Miechów, 155 Mikhail ovskii, Georgy N., 241, 243 Miliukov, Pavel N., 219, 227-229, 232, 233, 246, 247 Miliutin, Dmitri A., 103 Minsk, 20, 42, 46, 165, 195, 197, 205, 210 gubernia, 197, 205, 210 military district of, 165 Minskaia· gazeta-kopeika, 165 Mishchenko, Pavel L, 75, 89 Mitava [Jelgava], 95, 106, 224 Mogielnica, 115 Mogilev, 115, 134, 139, 169, 177 gubernia, 177 Molodechno [Maladzyechna], 198 Moscow, viii, xi, 16, 17, 20, 22,
31-33, 35, 36, 42—17, 51, 54, 58, 68, 80, 81, 86, 95-97, 99-101, 104, 106, 146, 153, 155, 156, 162, 164, 179, 180, 187, 198, 202, 216, 226, 227, 232, 236, 241, 252, 265-267 military district of, 31 pogroms of 1915, 106, 265 Mostisko [Mostyska], 110-112 Mozyr [Mazyr], 177 Mszczonów, 84 Muev, Sergey V., 149 Murav’ev, Valerian N., 114, 258 Myshinets [Myszyniec], 80 Myshlaevskii, Alexander Z., 30 N Nabokov, Sergey. D., 117
300 INDEX Nádvorná [Nadvirna], 127 Narew River, 122 Narymsk territory, 158 Nash vestnik, 92-94, 106 National (narodnaia) group, 216 Nationalists, party of, 241, 246 progressive, 246 Nesvizh [Nyasvizh], 169 New York Times, 235 Nikolai I, Tsar, 37 Nikolai II, Tsar, 18, 21, 24, 28, 38, 43, 51, 132, 140, 239, 243, 258 Nikolai Nikolaevich, Grand Prince, 28, 31,43, 50, 51, 57, 71, 88, 102, 107, 119, 141, 228, 237, 238, 252 Note about hostages, The, xi Note about pogroms, The, xi Note about the expulsion of Jews, The, x Novi Sambir, 195, 203 Novoaleksandriia [Puławy], 111, 112 Novoe Vremia, 38, 94, 97, 106, 164, 229 Novogeorgiev fortress, 159 Novyi Dvor, 132 Nowe Miasto, 115, 146, 154 Nurok, Mordekhai Rabbi, 224 О Ober-Ost lands, 72 Obolenskii, Alexander N., Prince, 167 Obolenskii, Nikolai L., Prince, 52 Obolenskii, Vladimir A., Prince, 100, 101 Odessa [Odesa], 26, 30, 49, 166, 226 military district of, ЗО Oganovskii, Nikolai P., 121, 230 Olita [Alytus], 116 Olonetsk gubernia, 64 Omsk military district, 29 Opatów, 138, 183 Orany [Varėna], 116 Orenburg, 111 Ostrołęka, 85, 122 district, 85 Ostrog prison, 131 Ostrowiec [Radom gubernia], 182, 183 Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, 138 Ottoman Empire, 9,11 OZE [Jewish Public Health Organization], 174 P Pale of Settlement, 2, 11, 22, 23, 26, 39, 77, 87, 115, 121, 134, 139, 201, 216, 222, 225, 233, 240-245, 253, 260, 266, 267 Pasternak, Boris, 1 Doctor Zhivago, 1 Penza gubernia, 131 Perm gubernia, 148, 159 Persia, 194, 199, 205 Petersburg. See Petrograd Peters, Vladimir N., 198 Petrograd, ix, 42, 49, 56, 59, 60, 82, 92, 99, 106, 155, 167, 186,
217, 225, 226, 236, 237 gubernia, 42 military district of, 56, 60, 167 Petrograd Political Bureau. See Jewish Political Bureau Petrovsky-Shtern, Yohanan, 22, 26, 29, 33, 253 Petrunkevich, Ivan I., 227 Pilvishki [Pilviškiai], 89 Pinsk, 5, 205 Piotrków, 149, 200, 215 gubernia, 200, 215 Plehve, Pavel A., 31, 76, 88, 89, 172, 173
INDEX Płock gubernia, 84, 115, 135, 136, 142, 188, 222, 237, 256 expulsions of Jews ftom, 84, 115 Podol gubernia, 130 Poland, 2, 34, 50, 107, 113, 114, 146, 199, 221, 237, 262, 266 Polish gubernias. See Poland Polish Kingdom. See Poland Political Bureau. See Jewish Political Bureau Polivanov, Alexey A., 52, 96, 226, 241 Poltava, 90, 91, 115, 120, 121, 126, 127, 139, 143, 162, 223, 224 Ponevezh [Panevėžys], 117 Postavy, 196 Praga (Warsaw), 188, 189 Priaslov, Mikhail A., 26 Prilutskii, Hoah, 166 Progressive bloc, 232, 245-249, 267 Provisional Government, 71, 83 Extraordinary investigative commission of the, 83 Pruszków, 115 Przemysl, 93, 182, 183 Pskov gubernia, 133, 142 Purishkevich, Vladimir Μ., 245 Pustovoitenko, Mikhail S., 58 ЗОЇ R Rediger, Alexander F., 16, 18, 20, 21, 37, 43 Red Rus’. See Galicia Reed, John, 235 Rennenkampf, Pavel K., 21, 136 Rennikov, Andrey Μ. (Selitrennikov), 106 Revolution of 1905, 19, 253, 255 Riga, 61, 117, 118, 224 Rodzianko, Mikhail V., 71, 138, 247 Romania, 32, 128, 129, 175 Romanov dynasty, 38 Roś, 116 Roslavl, 205 Rothschild, Leopold de Baron, 243, 244 Rothschilds, 237, 239 Rovno [Rivne], 78 Rozanov, Vasilii V., 51, 107, 267 Różany, 85 Rukhlov, Sergey V., 53, 97, 241, 242 Russian Orthodoxy, 24, 60, 96, 252 Russkaia Mysl’, 189 Russkii invalid, 92, 93, 119 Russkoe znamia, 165 Russo-American trade agreement (1832), 234 Russo-Japanese War, 19, 21, 145, 234, 253 Ruzkii, Nikolai V., 62, 114, 116, 133, 142, 157, 174, 187, 226 Ruda, 165 Radkevich, Evgenii A., 11, 13, 31, 32, 90, 91, 116-119, 124, 132, 142, 198, 256, 259 Radko-Dmitriev, Radko D., 194
Radom gubernia, 137 Rape, by Russian army, 202, 204, 267 Rech’, 61, 154, 164, 210, 229 Rechitsa [Rechytsa], 177 Red Army, 207 Red Cross, 36, 85 Sacred holiday (Easter), 224 Sakharov, Vladimir V, 31 Sambir, 128, 150 Samsonov, Alexander V, 61 Sanborn, Joshua, 5, 6, 11, 22, 24, 29, 34, 65, 74, 94, 96, 100, 180, 195, 252-254, 261, 265, 266 Santoppen, 200 S
302 INDEX Saratov gubernia, 152 Savenko, Anatoly I., 245 Savvich, Sergey S., 45 Sazonov, Sergey D., 71, 222, 228, 237, 238, 243, 249 Schiff, Jacob, 234, 237, 249, 250 Serbia, 107, 262 Seredžius, 120, 121 Sergeev, Evgeny, 32, 96, 101, 103, 264 Shakhovskii, Vsevolod N. Prince, 59 Shakhovskoi, Dmitri I., Prince, 231 Shavel’skii, Georgi I., 58, 60, 179, 180 Shavli [Šiauliai], xii, 93, 94, 119, 152 Shcheglovitov, Ivan G., 51 Shcherbachev, Dmitri G., 128, 129, 175, 257, 258 Shcherbatov, Nikolai B., Prince, 59, 62, 72, 195, 240, 241 Shekit (Shield), 267 Shepetovka [Shepetivka], 152 Shklovskii, Viktor B., 36, 37, 194, 199, 205 Shliapnikov, Alexander G., x Shtadlanut, 221, 226 Shternberg, Lev, 177 Shul’gin, Vasilii V., 252 Shuvaev, Dmitri S., 100 Siberia, 47, 87, 161, 169 military district of, 28 Siedlce, 193 Sierpc, 84 Širvintos, 121 Sivers, Faddey V., 116 Skierniewice, 112, 113, 153 district of, 153 Sliozberg, Genrikh B., 22, 23, 219, 240, 243, 244 Slovo, 94 Slutsk, 205 Smirnov, Vladimir V, 31, 76, 77, 97, 200 Smorgon [Smarhoń], 5, 132 Sochaczew, 77, 84, 112, 136 Social democrats, 230, 246 Sokolka, 116 Sokolov, Nahum, 166 Soloveichik, Naftali Rabbi, 204 South Russia, 18 Special council on measures in localities of troop withdrawal, The, 66 Stalin, Joseph V., 207 Stampfer, Shaul, vii, x Staraia Pochta, 153 Starye Dorogi station, 169 State Defense Council, 28 Statute on the field administration of troops in wartime, The, 42, 255 Statute on the procedure for conducting requisitions during wartime and the period of mobilization, The, 61 Steklishki [Stakliškės], 116 Stepun, Fedor A.,
35, 184, 185, 190 Sterligov, Ilya L, 83 Stishinskii Alexander S., 178 Stolypin, Petr A., 20 Stone, Norman, 6, 33 Stopnica, 183 Strauss, Oscar, 236 Struve, Petr B., 229, 244 Stryj [Stryi], 151 Studzyany, 154 Sukhanov, Alexey S., 164 Sukhomlinov, Vladimir A., 32, 33, 52, 58, 59, 71, 141, 232 Sukhotin, Nikolai N., 28 Sukhovolya, 139, 140 Supreme Command. See Headquarters of the Supreme Commander (Stavka)
INDEX Suvorov, Alexander V., 58 Suwałki gubernia, 89, 90, 111, 116, 134, 154, 155, 168, 178, 182, 184 Synod, 60 Szczegów, 201 Szczuczyn, 186 T Talat Pasha [Mehmed Talat], 9 Talmud, 77, 97, 211, 253 Tarnopol [Ivano-Frankivsk], 150, 192 district, 192 Tauragė, 184 Taurida gubernia, 42 Telšiai, 224 Temporary Statute on Military Censorship, The, 163 Thron, Jeannot (Yehoshua), 224 Tirkšliai, 183 Tobolsk gubernia, 47 Tomsk gubernia, 87, 89, 159, 160, 163 Torah, 26, 120, 211 Trans-Siberian railroad, 20 Trans-Volga gubernias, 159 Traunas, 211 Troškūnai, 195 Tsarskoe Selo, 239 Tula, 45 Tulchin (Podoľ gubernia), 163 Tumanov, Nikolai E. Prince, 56, 59, 60, 132, 211 Tunchitsa, 207 Turkey, 20, 176 Turobin, 198 Tver, 45 Twersky, N.L. Rabbi, 191, 204 Tyrkova, Alexandra V., 230 Tytuvėnai, 121, 203 303 U Ukraine, xii, 1, 2, 78, 81, 110, 112, 127, 150-152, 172, 203, 224, 262 Uniates, 60 United States of America (U.S.), 234, 237, 249, 254 Civil War in, 254 USSR, 207 V Varshavskii, Mark A., 224, 239-241 Veliuona, 120 Vernadskii, Vladimir I., 248 Viatka, 111 Vidzy, 204 Viekšniai, 201 Vienna, 34 Viešintos, 196, 204, 209 Vilki [Vilkija], 119 Vilkomir [Ukmergė], 117, 121, 124, 170 Vilna [Vilnius], xii, 28, 30, 42, 46, 59, 60, 120, 121, 131, 139, 148, 160, 167, 195, 196, 198, 201, 204 gubernia, 59, 121, 131, 139, 160, 196, 201, 204 military district of, 28, 30 Vilyeyka, 198 Vinaver, Maxim Μ., x, 218, 227-229, 248 Vindava [Ventspilis], 111 Vistula, 111, 152, 153 Vitebsk, 158, 171 gubernia, 42 Vladimir-Volhynia district, 161, 197 Vladivostok, 18 Voeikov, Vladimir N., 68 Voina, i evrei [War and the
Jews], 25-27, 164, 165, 185
304 INDEX Voitolovskii, Lev N., 100, 150, 180, 198 Volga, 66, 130, 133, 151, 158 Volhynia gubernia, 195, 197, 203-205 Volkovysk [Vawkavysk], 91 Volochisk [Volochysk], 172 Vologda, 111 Vorontsov-Dashkov, Illarion V., Count, 31 Vyrubov, Vasilii V., 173, 174 W Wąchock, 183 Waliszew, 77 War Ministry of Russia, 16, 86, 211 Council of, xi Warsaw, 20, 24, 46, 49, 50, 56, 57, 66, 77, 79, 84, 97, 100, 101, 111, 113, 115, 116, 131, 135-138, 142, 148, 149, 151, 153, 154, 157, 160, 165-167, 169, 187, 188, 190, 199, 200, 210, 221 gendarme department, 153, 169 gubernia, 77, 84, 115, 135, 136, 148, 154, 188, 199 expulsions of jews from, 115 Jewish community of, 221 military district of, 24, 46 Police Department, 79, 210, 245 Western allies, 244, 251, 260 Western Polesia, 80 Whites, in Russian Civil War, 45 Wierzbica, 138 Wiskitki, 77 Witte, Sergei Yu., Count, 234 Wola Baglewska, 188 Wolf, Lucienne, 235 Wyszogród, 84, 115 Y Yakhontov, Arkadii N., xi, 43-46, 49, 51, 53, 59, 62, 63, 65, 68, 69, 71, 72, 86, 100, 164, 176, 195, 238-241, 243, 252 Yanov [Jonava], 125 Yanushkevich, Nikolai N., 43, 52-54, 56-59, 65-67, 71, 74, 86-88, 91, 99, 108, 119, 120, 124, 126, 127, 133, 134, 141, 164, 176, 178, 183, 187, 222, 233, 237-240, 242, 252, 256-260, 264, 265 Yaroslavl, 18 Yatskan, Shmuel, 166 Yugoslavia, 207 Z Zabelin, Alexander F., 44, 59 Zagor’ye, 78 Zaliztsi, 189 Zamoiskii, Adam Μ., Count, 67 Zamość, 84, 199 Żarnów, 204 Zaslavskii, David O., x, 231, 248 Žasliai, 139 Zawichost, 200 Zbruch River, 130 Žeimiai, 120 Zemgor (All-Russian Zemstvo and Municipal Unions), 35, 71, 173, 176, 177, 231, 257,
258 Zemshchina, 95, 165 Zen’kov [Zin’kiv], 224 Zhilinskii, Yakov G., 46 Zhmerinka, 166 Zhuliabin, Yakov P., 199 Zhylovets, 205 Zionists, 98, 216 Zlatoust, 19 Zolochiv, 181 Zolotarev, Akim Μ., 103
INDEX Zolotarev, Ignatii Μ., 224 Zwoleń, 113 Żyrardów, 84, 115 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München —------_/ 305
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 The Russian Army and the Jews at the Start of the Twentieth Century The Army’s Role in Political and. Social Life The Russian Army and the Jews Before World War I Draft Plans to Abolish Army Conscription ofJews The Course of Operations and Structural Changes in the Army 3 4 Army Authority and Activity in the Sphere of Civilian Administration Structure and Powers of the Military Administration The Military Leadership and theCouncil of Ministers Functioning of the Military Administration Forced Evacuation (1915) The Russian Army Command and the Negative Stereotype of the Jew The Russian Command ’s Perception ofJews in the Army and of the Jewish Population Charges Against the Jews Antisemitism of Russian Commanders The Military and Right-Wing Press About the Jews Reasons for Formation of a Negative Image of the Jews 1 15 15 22 28 33 41 42 49 55 65 73 80 86 92 95 xiii
xiv 5 6 7 8 9 CONTENTS Deportations of the Jewish Population and Hostage Taking (1914-1915) 109 Total Expulsions: Rules and Reality (August 1914—February 1915) Deportations as an Officially Approved Measure in the “Struggle” Against the Jews Expulsionsfrom Kovno and Kurland Gubernias (April-May 1915) Expulsions from Occupied Galicia After Massive Deportations (Summer-Fall 1915) Hostage Taking: From Single Cases to Policy 109 The Military Authorities and the Jews Army Counterintelligence Military Courts and the Jews Administrative Expulsions Military Censorship A Ban on Movement Jewish Suppliers and Contractors, Jews in Public Organizations Summing Up the Jewish Policy of Military Authorities 145 145 153 157 163 168 Soldiers, Officers, and the Jewish Population of the Frontal Zone Soldiers, Officers, and Jews Pillaging. The Behavior of Cossack Units Pogroms in the Battle Zone Executions in the Frontal Zone Servicemen and Women Jews and the Non-Jewish Population in the Frontal Zone “The Jewish Question” and the Political Situation in Russia Hopes of the First Months of the War Russian-]ewish Appeals to the Authorities Political Parties and the Jewish Question (1915) “The Jewish Question” in the Russian Government (1915) “The Jewish Question” in the Duma (1916) Conclusion 113 116 125 131 135 170 175 179 180 186 192 199 202 209 215 215 221 227 234 245 251
CONTENTS XV Appendix 269 Bibliography 271 Index 293
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Index A Aleinikov, Mikhail S., 218 Alekseev, Mikhail V., 11, 17, 31, 43, 54, 59, 62, 67, 74, 88, 90, 102, 108, 116-118, 123-125, 132-134, 140, 142, 146, 149, 150, 153, 167, 172-174, 256, 257, 259, 264 All-Russian National Union, 97, 252 All-Russian Zemstvo Union, 173 American Jewry, 234 Anatolia, 201 Eastern, 9 Anglo-Boer war, 104 An-sky, S. (Rappoport, Shloyme), ix, 2, 51, 184, 193, 217, 251 Anti-Jewish violence of 1918-1920, 2, 6, 12, 263 Anykščiai, 196, 204, 209 Appeal To the Poles, The, 51, 70, 107 Appeal To the Russian People of Red Rus, The, 50 Apukhtin, Alexander N., 64 Archive of the Russian Revolution, xi Ariogala, 183 Armeiskii vestnik, 92, 93, 106 Asquith, Herbert Henry, 54 Augustów, 154 Austro-Hungary, 16, 34, 42, 51, 55, 107, 128 army of, 8 atrocities against civilian population, 8 В Babtai, 183 Baggovut, Alexander K., 91, 126, 139 Bakhmetev, Yuri P., 236 Balbieriški, 184 Balkans, 9 Baltic gubernias (provinces), 42, 56, 106 Bark, Petr L., 43, 86, 88, 99, 136, 140, 141, 223, 236, 237, 239, 241, 251, 252, 264 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 S. Goldin, The Russian Army and the Jewish Population, 1914—1917, Palgrave Critical Studies of Antisemitism and Racism, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99788-5 293
294 INDEX Baron, Salo W., x, 4, 266, 267 Basili, Nikolai A., 81 Bauska, 117 Będzin, 155 Beilis blood libel trial, 267 Bekman Vladimir A., 27 Belarus. Sce Belorussia Belgium, 212, 261 Belgrade, 43 Belorussia, 72, 262 pogroms in, 132, 198 Belostok [Białystok], 18, 122, 150, 162, 181 Belz, 78 Benkendorf, Alexander К., Count, 236, 249 Berlin, 2, 46, 98, 141, 208, 235 Bessarabian gubernia, 112 Bisherevichi, 206 Black Book, x Black Hundred(s), 94, 165 Blank, Ruvim Μ., 235 Bloch, Marc, 254 Blokh, Grigory A., 224 Bobrinskii, Georgy A., Count, 56, 60, 110, 126-130, 135, 162, 168, 171, 175 Bobyr’ Nikolai P., 159 Bodzentyn, 192 Bohemia, 55 Bolimów pocket, 111 Bolsheviks, 6 Bomash, Meir Kh., ix, 78, 164, 189, 194, 215, 222, 223, 226, 232, 246, 247 Bonch-Bruevich, Mikhail D., 133, 172 Botka [Batkiai], 112 Bramson, Leonty Μ., ix, 134, 218, 225 Brandes, Georg, 235 Braudo, Alexander I., 218, 228, 234, 235, 244 Brest-Litovsk, 89, 182 Brody, 193, 194 Brusilov, Alexey A., 30, 34, 63, 110, 157, 159, 177, 187, 199 Brzeziny, 136, 200 Buchach [Buczacz], 81 Buchanan, George, Sir, 219, 236, 237 Buchany, 201 Budapest, 34 Budnitskii, Oleg, 12, 95, 153, 156, 179, 181, 193, 194, 230, 245, 252, 262, 266 Budvitsa, 169 Bukovina, 2, 9, 13, 33, 34, 113, 128, 258 Bulgakov, Boris A., 127 Bund, 32, 88, 216, 231 Bużil, 181 Bychawa, 75, 76 C Carpathians, 51, 81, 150 Caucasus, 31, 43, 104, 135, 142, 254 military district of, 31 North, 190 wars, 135, 254 Cecil, Robert, Lord, 237, 244 Čekiškė, 120, 121 Censorship, military, 3, 56, 70, 164-166 Central Asia, 48, 104 Cherniavskii, Michael, xi Chernigov [Chernihiv],
48, 115, 138, 139 gubernia, 139 Chernovo, 207 Chervonnaia Rus’. See Galicia Chkheidze, Nikolai S., 230, 231, 246 Chmielnik, 200
INDEX Chortkov [Chortkiv], 81 Circular of the High Command, 22 January 1915, 255 Civil War in Russia, 45 Committee for the Liberation of Russian Jewry, 99 La Correspondance russe, 235 Council of Ministers of Russia, xi Council of United Nobility, 252 Counterintelligence departments (KRO), 101, 145, 146, 148-150, 152-154, 156, 158, 159, 166, 169,172 Crimea, 104 Crimean Peninsula. See Crimea Crimean War, 104 Cuba, 104 Cuban-American war, 254 Częstochowa, 26, 76 Czyżew, 85 D Danilov, Nikolai A., 44, 59, 66, 86, 226 Danilov, Yuni N., 46, 58, 61, 62, 87, 99 The Darkest Russia, 235 Davidsohn, Leib, 221 Debeikiai, 196, 204 Democratic group, 216 Denikin, Anton I., 17, 18, 23-25, 99 Dilman, 199 Dinant, 9, 262 Djilas, Milovan, 207 Dnepr River, 114-116 Dobromyl district, 128 Dokshytsy, 197, 198 Dolgorukii, Pavel D., Prince, 156 Domansky, Elizabeth, 7, 8 Druskieniki [Druskininkai], 116 Dubnow, Simon, x, xi, 97, 218, 226, 229 295 Dukhonin, Nikolai N., 153 Duma, ix, 18, 21, 29, 51, 54, 71, 78, 84, 96, 125, 136, 189, 216, 218, 226, 232, 233, 240, 244-249, 253, 260, 267 Fourth, 21, 25, 215 Jewish deputies of, 220, 246, 248, 249 Third, 21, 29 Dvinsk [Daugavpils], 46, 56, 59, 64, 86, 87, 101, 132, 139, 142, 152, 158, 159, 161, 162, 166, 168, 171, 177, 211 military district of, 56, 59, 64, 86, 87, 101, 132, 139, 142, 161 Dzhunkovskii, Vladimir F., 44, 56, 126, 146, 194 E Eastern Prussia, 33, 186 Ehrenburg, Ilya, x Ekaterinoslav gubernia, 115 Ekk, Eduard V., 31 El’sner, Evgeny F., 171 Engalychev, Pavel N. Prince, 46, 56, 66 Engel, David, 4, 5, 11, 179, 193, 213 England, 54, 55, 169, 234, 235,
237 Enisei gubernia, 163 Entente, 236, 237 Erlikh, Henryk (G.M.), xi Estland gubernia, 42, 56 Europe, 8, 11, 105, 251 Eastern, viii European Jewry, viii, 3 Evert, Alexey E., 88, 102 Evlogii, Archbishop, 60 Evrei na voine [Jews at war], 164, 165 Evreiskaia starina (ES), x, xi Executive Bureau. See Jewish Political Bureau
296 INDEX Expulsions, administratíve, 157, 162, 163, 258 F February revolution (of 1917), 163, 178, 250, 260, 261 Fiderbaum, Abram Khaim, Rabbi, 113 Finance Ministry of Russia, 16, 21 Folkspartei (Jewish Peoples’ Party), 216 Foreign Ministry of Russia, 134, 241, 244, 249 Foreign Office (Great Britain), 237 Foucault, Michel, 7, 103 Fraind, Naftali-Yosif, Rabbi, 85 France, 16, 55, 234, 235, 237, 254 Francis, David R., 222 Frenkel, Yakov Kh., 224 Fridman, Naftali Μ., ix, 125, 136, 211, 215, 216, 218, 221-226, 232, 233, 246-248 Frumkin, Yakov G., 218, 228, 231 Fuller, William C., 37 G Galicia, ix, 1, 2, 9, 12, 13, 33, 34, 50-53, 56, 60, 79-81, 92, 103, 107, 110, 113, 125-131, 134, 135, 140, 141, 159, 162, 166, 168, 171, 172, 175, 178, 181, 184, 187, 189, 191, 193, 199, 203, 209, 210, 216, 222, 251, 255, 256, 258, 262, 266 expulsions of Jews from, 128-131, 163 Jewish pogroms in, 193 local population and Jews, 187 Moscowphiles or Russophiles Russian administration of, 107 Russian occupation of, 140 Gendarmes’ Divisional Corps, 146 General Staff, 17, 58, 74, 253 Academy of the, 58 Chief Administration of the, 58 German Bet on Russian Reaction, The, 251 Germany, 16, 32, 42, 55, 83, 99, 101, 107, 148, 159, 160, 208, 212, 234, 239, 245, 251, 252, 262 army of, 207 atrocities against civilian population, 212 Gerua, Boris V., 44 Gintsburg, Alfred G. Baron, 239-241 Gliniany, 191 Glubokoe [Hlybokaye], 190, 203 Golos Rusi, 94 Gomel, 94 Góra Kalwaria, 149 Goremykin, Ivan L., 50, 125, 138, 164, 192, 219, 221, 222, 224, 226, 227, 238, 239, 241, 242, 252 Goworów, 85 Grabar’, Vladimir E., 203
Great Britain. See England Griazev, Nikolai D., 64, 117, 169, 170, 211 Grigor’ev, Vladimir N., 131, 132 Grodno, 5, 42, 48, 61, 90, 91, 117, 132, 139, 160, 161, 185, 195 gubernia, 91, 132, 134, 139, 140, 160 Grodzisk, 112, 113, 115 Grójec, 115, 116, 146, 154 Grossman, Vasilii, x Grulev, Mikhail V., 24, 25 Gruzenberg, Oscar O., 154, 155, 218, 221 Gubernia gendarme departments (GZhU), 148, 151-153, 157, 161, 210
INDEX Gurevich, Ezeqiel В., 215, 224 Gurko, Vasilii L, 54, 104, 105, 191 H Hagen, William W, 190 Haint, 166 Hatsefira, 166 Headquarters of the Supreme Commander (Stavka), ix, 42 Hindenburg, Paul von, 101, 264 Holocaust, 12 Holquist, Peter, 6, 7, 13, 71, 74, 86, 88, 103-105, 113, 114, 194, 201, 203, 254, 258 Hrymailiv, 82 Hungary, 55, 81 Husiatyn, 81 I Ignat’ev, Pavel N., Count, 84 Igumen [Chervyen], 210 Ilūkste, 210 Ilya (Vilna gubernia), 204 Information Bureau of the Jewish deputies, ix Interior Ministry of Russia, 19, 21, 23, 25, 32, 47, 48, 52, 88, 105, 115, 120, 126, 127, 211, 240, 242, 246 Irkutsk, 156, 157, 160-162 gubernia, 157, 160 Ivangorod [Dęmblin], 111 Ivanov, Nikolai I., 21, 31, 46, 65, 68, 79, 88, 114, 133, 141 Ivanovo-Voznesensk, 18 Iwaniska, 138 Izbica, 84, 136 Izgoev, Alexander S., 248 J Japan, 19, 234 297 Jarosław, 194 Jewish Committee to Aid War Victims (EKOPO), 82, 91, 173, 218, 225 Jewish Political Bureau, 228, 229, 231 Jewish Question in Russia, 238, 244, 249-251 К Kabyle (Algeria), 104 Kadet party, x, 215, 227, 231, 232, 248, 260, 267 Kadzidło, 112 Kafafov, Konstantin D., 83, 84, 89, 173, 245-247 Kaigorodov, Mikhail N., 185 Kalish [Kalisz] gubernia, 77 Kalita Ivan, Grand Prince, 51 Kalvarija (Suvalki gubernia), 89 Kamenka, Boris A., 239-241 Kamyanka Volos’ka, 202 Karpenko, Pavel A., 64 Katkov, George, 97-99 Kazan, 206 Kerenskii, Alexander F., 190, 229, 233 Kernozia, 77, 199 Kersnovskii, Anton A., 17-19, 43, 102 Kharitonov, Petr A., 53 Kharkov gubernia, 45 Khelmitskii, Pavel L., 206, 207 Kherson, 28 gubernia, 42 Kholm gubernia [Chełm], 81
Khoronzhitskii, Solomon I., 224 Khotyn district, 112, 194 Khvostov, Alexey N., 247 Kielce, 137-139, 155 gubernia, 137, 139, 183, 186, 192, 197, 200, 223, 227
298 INDEX Kiev [Kyiv], 31, 48, 49, 69, 84, 131, 140, 141, 161, 163, 165, 178, 186, 226 gubernia, 42 military district of, 31, 46, 48, 131, 141, 163, 165, 178, 211 Kingdom of Poland. See Poland Kishinev pogrom, 27, 234, 235 Kisielewo, 188 Kitchener, Horatio Herbert, 236, 238 Klembovskii, Vladislav N., 75 Knyshin, 140 Kokoshkin, Fedor F., 228 Königsberg, 207 Końskie, 138 Konstantin Konstaninovich, Grand Duke, 96 Koprzywnica, 191, 204 Kornilov, Lavr G., 17 Kovalevskii, Maxim Μ., 227 Kovel, 156 Kovno [Kaunas], xii, 42, 60, 64, 75, 112, 116-118, 120, 121, 125, 126, 129, 131, 139, 142, 159, 161, 169, 183, 195, 201, 203, 204, 210, 211, 215, 224, 225, 230, 238, 256 Deportations from, 116, 129, 210, 238, 256 gubernia, 64, 116, 120, 121, 125, 126, 134, 142, 159, 183, 195, 201, 203, 204, 210, 211, 215, 224, 225, 230, 238 local population and Jews, 60, 120 Koziany, 196 Kozienice, 112, 187 Krakės, 120 Kraśnik, 156 Kretingen [Kretinga], 64 Krėva, 196 Krivoshein, Alexander V., 53, 63, 65, 68, 69, 71, 238, 241-244, 252 Krupenskii, Pavel N., 245 Kuban oblast, 104 Kumanov, David Sh., 164 Kurazhevo, 207 Kurland gubernia, 56, 112, 116, 121, 129, 131, 134, 139, 142, 160, 210, 211, 225, 238 deportations from, 139 Kurlov, Pavel G., 44, 52, 55-57, 59-63, 101, 106, 118, 119, 160, 167 Kuropatkin, Alexey N., 29, 38, 80 Kursk gubernia, 91 Kutuzov, Mikhail I., 68 Kuzhi [Kužiai], 94, 119 Kuźnica, 132 L Labor Party (Trudoviki), 164, 230 Ladyzhenskii, Ivan N., 49 Łask, 77, 78 Lavrinovskii, Nikolai N., 48 Laws of expulsion of Jews, The, 140 Laws on localities under martial law, The, 42 Lemeshevichi, 205,
206, 208 Lemke, Mikhail K., 42-46, 52, 57-59, 67, 69, 70, 110, 157, 174, 187, 195 Leszno, 188 Levene, Mark, 9, 121, 122, 176, 235-237 Libava [Liepaja], 111 Lifland gubernia, 56, 69 Lithuania, xii, 2, 29, 64, 89, 93, 119, 121, 178, 199, 262 Litvinov, Alexander L, 31, 143, 198 Liubimov, Dmitri N., 56, 97, 116, 166 Liubishew, 78 Livadia, 58
INDEX Līvāni, 211 Lloyd George, David, 54, 55 Łódź, 84, 146 Lohr, Eric, 2, 6 9, 57, 86, 98, 105, 106, 109, 111, 114, 115, 118, 131, 135, 139, 140, 145, 177-179, 198, 208, 213, 239, 255, 261, 265 Lokachi, 197 Łomża, 80, 85, 89, 112, 115, 122, 136, 137, 159, 162, 182, 186 gubernia, 85, 112, 136, 162, 186 London, 6, 8, 9, 12, 23, 33, 55, 80, 98, 100, 102, 154, 155, 212, 235, 242, 249 Louvain, 9 Łowicz, 115, 146 Lublin, 26, 83, 136, 156, 189 gubernia, 136, 156 Ludendorff, Erich von, 8, 262 Lutsk, 78, 141, 160 Lvov, G.E. Prince, 71, 173, 194 Lvov [L’viv], 51, 56, 81, 94, 126 L’vovskoe voennoe slovo, 94, 95 Μ Main Headquarters, 19, 22, 247 Makeev, Mikhail, 26 Maklakov, Nikolai A., 51, 88, 90, 136, 139, 223, 227, 232, 238 Maklakov, Vasilii A., 229, 246, 252 Maleniec, 183 Marijampolė, 90, 119, 155 Markov, Nikolai E., 252 Markuszów, 188 Martin, Terry, 103, 110 Mártson, Fedor V., 30 Mass annihilation of Armenians and Assyrians, 10 Mavrin, Alexey A., 44, 66, 83, 126, 127, 130, 170, 258 299 Mel’gunov, Sergey P., 85, 189 Men’shikov, Mikhail O., 38, 97, 106 Mezentsov, Alexander V., 81, 171, 172 Miasoedov, Sergey N., 99, 154, 156 case of, 99 Middle East, 11 Miechów, 155 Mikhail ovskii, Georgy N., 241, 243 Miliukov, Pavel N., 219, 227-229, 232, 233, 246, 247 Miliutin, Dmitri A., 103 Minsk, 20, 42, 46, 165, 195, 197, 205, 210 gubernia, 197, 205, 210 military district of, 165 Minskaia· gazeta-kopeika, 165 Mishchenko, Pavel L, 75, 89 Mitava [Jelgava], 95, 106, 224 Mogielnica, 115 Mogilev, 115, 134, 139, 169, 177 gubernia, 177 Molodechno [Maladzyechna], 198 Moscow, viii, xi, 16, 17, 20, 22,
31-33, 35, 36, 42—17, 51, 54, 58, 68, 80, 81, 86, 95-97, 99-101, 104, 106, 146, 153, 155, 156, 162, 164, 179, 180, 187, 198, 202, 216, 226, 227, 232, 236, 241, 252, 265-267 military district of, 31 pogroms of 1915, 106, 265 Mostisko [Mostyska], 110-112 Mozyr [Mazyr], 177 Mszczonów, 84 Muev, Sergey V., 149 Murav’ev, Valerian N., 114, 258 Myshinets [Myszyniec], 80 Myshlaevskii, Alexander Z., 30 N Nabokov, Sergey. D., 117
300 INDEX Nádvorná [Nadvirna], 127 Narew River, 122 Narymsk territory, 158 Nash vestnik, 92-94, 106 National (narodnaia) group, 216 Nationalists, party of, 241, 246 progressive, 246 Nesvizh [Nyasvizh], 169 New York Times, 235 Nikolai I, Tsar, 37 Nikolai II, Tsar, 18, 21, 24, 28, 38, 43, 51, 132, 140, 239, 243, 258 Nikolai Nikolaevich, Grand Prince, 28, 31,43, 50, 51, 57, 71, 88, 102, 107, 119, 141, 228, 237, 238, 252 Note about hostages, The, xi Note about pogroms, The, xi Note about the expulsion of Jews, The, x Novi Sambir, 195, 203 Novoaleksandriia [Puławy], 111, 112 Novoe Vremia, 38, 94, 97, 106, 164, 229 Novogeorgiev fortress, 159 Novyi Dvor, 132 Nowe Miasto, 115, 146, 154 Nurok, Mordekhai Rabbi, 224 О Ober-Ost lands, 72 Obolenskii, Alexander N., Prince, 167 Obolenskii, Nikolai L., Prince, 52 Obolenskii, Vladimir A., Prince, 100, 101 Odessa [Odesa], 26, 30, 49, 166, 226 military district of, ЗО Oganovskii, Nikolai P., 121, 230 Olita [Alytus], 116 Olonetsk gubernia, 64 Omsk military district, 29 Opatów, 138, 183 Orany [Varėna], 116 Orenburg, 111 Ostrołęka, 85, 122 district, 85 Ostrog prison, 131 Ostrowiec [Radom gubernia], 182, 183 Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, 138 Ottoman Empire, 9,11 OZE [Jewish Public Health Organization], 174 P Pale of Settlement, 2, 11, 22, 23, 26, 39, 77, 87, 115, 121, 134, 139, 201, 216, 222, 225, 233, 240-245, 253, 260, 266, 267 Pasternak, Boris, 1 Doctor Zhivago, 1 Penza gubernia, 131 Perm gubernia, 148, 159 Persia, 194, 199, 205 Petersburg. See Petrograd Peters, Vladimir N., 198 Petrograd, ix, 42, 49, 56, 59, 60, 82, 92, 99, 106, 155, 167, 186,
217, 225, 226, 236, 237 gubernia, 42 military district of, 56, 60, 167 Petrograd Political Bureau. See Jewish Political Bureau Petrovsky-Shtern, Yohanan, 22, 26, 29, 33, 253 Petrunkevich, Ivan I., 227 Pilvishki [Pilviškiai], 89 Pinsk, 5, 205 Piotrków, 149, 200, 215 gubernia, 200, 215 Plehve, Pavel A., 31, 76, 88, 89, 172, 173
INDEX Płock gubernia, 84, 115, 135, 136, 142, 188, 222, 237, 256 expulsions of Jews ftom, 84, 115 Podol gubernia, 130 Poland, 2, 34, 50, 107, 113, 114, 146, 199, 221, 237, 262, 266 Polish gubernias. See Poland Polish Kingdom. See Poland Political Bureau. See Jewish Political Bureau Polivanov, Alexey A., 52, 96, 226, 241 Poltava, 90, 91, 115, 120, 121, 126, 127, 139, 143, 162, 223, 224 Ponevezh [Panevėžys], 117 Postavy, 196 Praga (Warsaw), 188, 189 Priaslov, Mikhail A., 26 Prilutskii, Hoah, 166 Progressive bloc, 232, 245-249, 267 Provisional Government, 71, 83 Extraordinary investigative commission of the, 83 Pruszków, 115 Przemysl, 93, 182, 183 Pskov gubernia, 133, 142 Purishkevich, Vladimir Μ., 245 Pustovoitenko, Mikhail S., 58 ЗОЇ R Rediger, Alexander F., 16, 18, 20, 21, 37, 43 Red Rus’. See Galicia Reed, John, 235 Rennenkampf, Pavel K., 21, 136 Rennikov, Andrey Μ. (Selitrennikov), 106 Revolution of 1905, 19, 253, 255 Riga, 61, 117, 118, 224 Rodzianko, Mikhail V., 71, 138, 247 Romania, 32, 128, 129, 175 Romanov dynasty, 38 Roś, 116 Roslavl, 205 Rothschild, Leopold de Baron, 243, 244 Rothschilds, 237, 239 Rovno [Rivne], 78 Rozanov, Vasilii V., 51, 107, 267 Różany, 85 Rukhlov, Sergey V., 53, 97, 241, 242 Russian Orthodoxy, 24, 60, 96, 252 Russkaia Mysl’, 189 Russkii invalid, 92, 93, 119 Russkoe znamia, 165 Russo-American trade agreement (1832), 234 Russo-Japanese War, 19, 21, 145, 234, 253 Ruzkii, Nikolai V., 62, 114, 116, 133, 142, 157, 174, 187, 226 Ruda, 165 Radkevich, Evgenii A., 11, 13, 31, 32, 90, 91, 116-119, 124, 132, 142, 198, 256, 259 Radko-Dmitriev, Radko D., 194
Radom gubernia, 137 Rape, by Russian army, 202, 204, 267 Rech’, 61, 154, 164, 210, 229 Rechitsa [Rechytsa], 177 Red Army, 207 Red Cross, 36, 85 Sacred holiday (Easter), 224 Sakharov, Vladimir V, 31 Sambir, 128, 150 Samsonov, Alexander V, 61 Sanborn, Joshua, 5, 6, 11, 22, 24, 29, 34, 65, 74, 94, 96, 100, 180, 195, 252-254, 261, 265, 266 Santoppen, 200 S
302 INDEX Saratov gubernia, 152 Savenko, Anatoly I., 245 Savvich, Sergey S., 45 Sazonov, Sergey D., 71, 222, 228, 237, 238, 243, 249 Schiff, Jacob, 234, 237, 249, 250 Serbia, 107, 262 Seredžius, 120, 121 Sergeev, Evgeny, 32, 96, 101, 103, 264 Shakhovskii, Vsevolod N. Prince, 59 Shakhovskoi, Dmitri I., Prince, 231 Shavel’skii, Georgi I., 58, 60, 179, 180 Shavli [Šiauliai], xii, 93, 94, 119, 152 Shcheglovitov, Ivan G., 51 Shcherbachev, Dmitri G., 128, 129, 175, 257, 258 Shcherbatov, Nikolai B., Prince, 59, 62, 72, 195, 240, 241 Shekit (Shield), 267 Shepetovka [Shepetivka], 152 Shklovskii, Viktor B., 36, 37, 194, 199, 205 Shliapnikov, Alexander G., x Shtadlanut, 221, 226 Shternberg, Lev, 177 Shul’gin, Vasilii V., 252 Shuvaev, Dmitri S., 100 Siberia, 47, 87, 161, 169 military district of, 28 Siedlce, 193 Sierpc, 84 Širvintos, 121 Sivers, Faddey V., 116 Skierniewice, 112, 113, 153 district of, 153 Sliozberg, Genrikh B., 22, 23, 219, 240, 243, 244 Slovo, 94 Slutsk, 205 Smirnov, Vladimir V, 31, 76, 77, 97, 200 Smorgon [Smarhoń], 5, 132 Sochaczew, 77, 84, 112, 136 Social democrats, 230, 246 Sokolka, 116 Sokolov, Nahum, 166 Soloveichik, Naftali Rabbi, 204 South Russia, 18 Special council on measures in localities of troop withdrawal, The, 66 Stalin, Joseph V., 207 Stampfer, Shaul, vii, x Staraia Pochta, 153 Starye Dorogi station, 169 State Defense Council, 28 Statute on the field administration of troops in wartime, The, 42, 255 Statute on the procedure for conducting requisitions during wartime and the period of mobilization, The, 61 Steklishki [Stakliškės], 116 Stepun, Fedor A.,
35, 184, 185, 190 Sterligov, Ilya L, 83 Stishinskii Alexander S., 178 Stolypin, Petr A., 20 Stone, Norman, 6, 33 Stopnica, 183 Strauss, Oscar, 236 Struve, Petr B., 229, 244 Stryj [Stryi], 151 Studzyany, 154 Sukhanov, Alexey S., 164 Sukhomlinov, Vladimir A., 32, 33, 52, 58, 59, 71, 141, 232 Sukhotin, Nikolai N., 28 Sukhovolya, 139, 140 Supreme Command. See Headquarters of the Supreme Commander (Stavka)
INDEX Suvorov, Alexander V., 58 Suwałki gubernia, 89, 90, 111, 116, 134, 154, 155, 168, 178, 182, 184 Synod, 60 Szczegów, 201 Szczuczyn, 186 T Talat Pasha [Mehmed Talat], 9 Talmud, 77, 97, 211, 253 Tarnopol [Ivano-Frankivsk], 150, 192 district, 192 Tauragė, 184 Taurida gubernia, 42 Telšiai, 224 Temporary Statute on Military Censorship, The, 163 Thron, Jeannot (Yehoshua), 224 Tirkšliai, 183 Tobolsk gubernia, 47 Tomsk gubernia, 87, 89, 159, 160, 163 Torah, 26, 120, 211 Trans-Siberian railroad, 20 Trans-Volga gubernias, 159 Traunas, 211 Troškūnai, 195 Tsarskoe Selo, 239 Tula, 45 Tulchin (Podoľ gubernia), 163 Tumanov, Nikolai E. Prince, 56, 59, 60, 132, 211 Tunchitsa, 207 Turkey, 20, 176 Turobin, 198 Tver, 45 Twersky, N.L. Rabbi, 191, 204 Tyrkova, Alexandra V., 230 Tytuvėnai, 121, 203 303 U Ukraine, xii, 1, 2, 78, 81, 110, 112, 127, 150-152, 172, 203, 224, 262 Uniates, 60 United States of America (U.S.), 234, 237, 249, 254 Civil War in, 254 USSR, 207 V Varshavskii, Mark A., 224, 239-241 Veliuona, 120 Vernadskii, Vladimir I., 248 Viatka, 111 Vidzy, 204 Viekšniai, 201 Vienna, 34 Viešintos, 196, 204, 209 Vilki [Vilkija], 119 Vilkomir [Ukmergė], 117, 121, 124, 170 Vilna [Vilnius], xii, 28, 30, 42, 46, 59, 60, 120, 121, 131, 139, 148, 160, 167, 195, 196, 198, 201, 204 gubernia, 59, 121, 131, 139, 160, 196, 201, 204 military district of, 28, 30 Vilyeyka, 198 Vinaver, Maxim Μ., x, 218, 227-229, 248 Vindava [Ventspilis], 111 Vistula, 111, 152, 153 Vitebsk, 158, 171 gubernia, 42 Vladimir-Volhynia district, 161, 197 Vladivostok, 18 Voeikov, Vladimir N., 68 Voina, i evrei [War and the
Jews], 25-27, 164, 165, 185
304 INDEX Voitolovskii, Lev N., 100, 150, 180, 198 Volga, 66, 130, 133, 151, 158 Volhynia gubernia, 195, 197, 203-205 Volkovysk [Vawkavysk], 91 Volochisk [Volochysk], 172 Vologda, 111 Vorontsov-Dashkov, Illarion V., Count, 31 Vyrubov, Vasilii V., 173, 174 W Wąchock, 183 Waliszew, 77 War Ministry of Russia, 16, 86, 211 Council of, xi Warsaw, 20, 24, 46, 49, 50, 56, 57, 66, 77, 79, 84, 97, 100, 101, 111, 113, 115, 116, 131, 135-138, 142, 148, 149, 151, 153, 154, 157, 160, 165-167, 169, 187, 188, 190, 199, 200, 210, 221 gendarme department, 153, 169 gubernia, 77, 84, 115, 135, 136, 148, 154, 188, 199 expulsions of jews from, 115 Jewish community of, 221 military district of, 24, 46 Police Department, 79, 210, 245 Western allies, 244, 251, 260 Western Polesia, 80 Whites, in Russian Civil War, 45 Wierzbica, 138 Wiskitki, 77 Witte, Sergei Yu., Count, 234 Wola Baglewska, 188 Wolf, Lucienne, 235 Wyszogród, 84, 115 Y Yakhontov, Arkadii N., xi, 43-46, 49, 51, 53, 59, 62, 63, 65, 68, 69, 71, 72, 86, 100, 164, 176, 195, 238-241, 243, 252 Yanov [Jonava], 125 Yanushkevich, Nikolai N., 43, 52-54, 56-59, 65-67, 71, 74, 86-88, 91, 99, 108, 119, 120, 124, 126, 127, 133, 134, 141, 164, 176, 178, 183, 187, 222, 233, 237-240, 242, 252, 256-260, 264, 265 Yaroslavl, 18 Yatskan, Shmuel, 166 Yugoslavia, 207 Z Zabelin, Alexander F., 44, 59 Zagor’ye, 78 Zaliztsi, 189 Zamoiskii, Adam Μ., Count, 67 Zamość, 84, 199 Żarnów, 204 Zaslavskii, David O., x, 231, 248 Žasliai, 139 Zawichost, 200 Zbruch River, 130 Žeimiai, 120 Zemgor (All-Russian Zemstvo and Municipal Unions), 35, 71, 173, 176, 177, 231, 257,
258 Zemshchina, 95, 165 Zen’kov [Zin’kiv], 224 Zhilinskii, Yakov G., 46 Zhmerinka, 166 Zhuliabin, Yakov P., 199 Zhylovets, 205 Zionists, 98, 216 Zlatoust, 19 Zolochiv, 181 Zolotarev, Akim Μ., 103
INDEX Zolotarev, Ignatii Μ., 224 Zwoleń, 113 Żyrardów, 84, 115 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München —------_/ 305 |
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| spelling | Goldin, Semion Verfasser (DE-588)106321338X aut Russkaja armija i evrei, 1914-1917 The Russian army and the Jewish population, 1914-1917 libel, persecution, reaction Semion Goldin Cham, Switzerland Palgrave Macmillan [2022] © 2022 xx, 305 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Palgrave critical studies of antisemitism and racism Dissertation Hebrew University of Jerusalem Russland Armija (DE-588)1216940-7 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1914-1917 gnd rswk-swf Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Russland Armija (DE-588)1216940-7 b Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Geschichte 1914-1917 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-030-99788-5 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033614329&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033614329&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033614329&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Goldin, Semion The Russian army and the Jewish population, 1914-1917 libel, persecution, reaction Russland Armija (DE-588)1216940-7 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd |
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| title | The Russian army and the Jewish population, 1914-1917 libel, persecution, reaction |
| title_alt | Russkaja armija i evrei, 1914-1917 |
| title_auth | The Russian army and the Jewish population, 1914-1917 libel, persecution, reaction |
| title_exact_search | The Russian army and the Jewish population, 1914-1917 libel, persecution, reaction |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The Russian army and the Jewish population, 1914-1917 libel, persecution, reaction |
| title_full | The Russian army and the Jewish population, 1914-1917 libel, persecution, reaction Semion Goldin |
| title_fullStr | The Russian army and the Jewish population, 1914-1917 libel, persecution, reaction Semion Goldin |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Russian army and the Jewish population, 1914-1917 libel, persecution, reaction Semion Goldin |
| title_short | The Russian army and the Jewish population, 1914-1917 |
| title_sort | the russian army and the jewish population 1914 1917 libel persecution reaction |
| title_sub | libel, persecution, reaction |
| topic | Russland Armija (DE-588)1216940-7 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Russland Armija Juden Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033614329&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033614329&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033614329&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT goldinsemion russkajaarmijaievrei19141917 AT goldinsemion therussianarmyandthejewishpopulation19141917libelpersecutionreaction |