Legitimate Expectations and Fair-and-Equitable-Treatment under the Energy Charter Treaty: A Comparative Analysis of the Renewable Energy Cases
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Baden-Baden
Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft
2022
|
| Ausgabe: | 1st ed |
| Schriftenreihe: | Studien zum Internationalen Investitionsrecht - Studies in International Investment Law
v.41 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | HWR01 |
| Beschreibung: | Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources |
| Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource (370 Seiten) |
| ISBN: | 9783748930259 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Legitimate Expectations and Fair-and-Equitable-Treatment under the Energy Charter Treaty |b A Comparative Analysis of the Renewable Energy Cases |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Cover -- Introduction -- I. Premises and Methodology of the Research -- 1) Arbitral Awards as a Legal Source -- 2) Precedent in International Investment Law -- 3) Method of Analysis -- II. Open Questions in the Development of the Notion of Legitimate Expectations -- 1) What are the Requirements for a Commitment by the State? -- 2) Can the Legal Framework Create Legitimate Expectations? -- 3) How much Due Diligence Must an Investor Apply? -- III. The Impact of Regulatory Measures on the Renewable Energy Sector -- Chapter 1: The Principle of Fair and Equitable Treatment -- I. Interpretation of Provisions Including the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard -- II. Fair and Equitable Treatment as an Overarching International Law Principle -- III. The Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard in Abstract -- 1) The Ordinary Meaning of "Fair and Equitable" -- 2) Unjust and Arbitrary Treatment -- 3) Transparency and Predictability -- 4) Discrimination Against Foreign Investors -- 5) The Obligation of Treatment in Good Faith -- 6) Consistency and Legitimate Expectations -- 7) Addressees of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Obligation -- 8) The Basic Aspects of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard -- IV. Legal Specifics under the Energy Charter Treaty -- Chapter 2: Legitimate Expectations as the Core Element of Fair and Equitable Treatment -- I. Purpose of the Legitimate Expectations: Balancing Legal Interests -- II. Time for the Determination of Legitimate Expectations -- III. Components of the Legitimate Expectations -- 1) Content of the Investors' Legitimate Expectations -- 2) Aspects of the Commitment of the State -- a) Representatives of the State in International Investment Law -- b) Contractual Agreements -- c) Unilateral Declarations and Specific Administrative Acts -- d) Informal and General Administrative Acts -- e) The Legal Regulatory Framework | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 3) The Due Diligence of the Investor -- 4) Foundations for the Analysis of Recent Jurisprudence -- IV. The Act of Balancing under International Investment Law -- 1) The States' Right to Regulate -- a) The EU's Reformation Efforts -- b) Limitations to the States' Sovereignty -- c) The States' Margin of Discretion -- 2) The Concept of Stability -- a) Protection of Stability in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- b) The Tension between the Right to Regulate and Concept of Stability -- 3) Application of the Proportionality Test in Balancing Legitimate Expectations -- a) The Origins of Proportionality in International Law -- b) The "Continental European" Approach to Proportionality -- c) Reasonableness and Proportionality -- d) The Importance of a Systematic Approach to the Balancing Issue -- Chapter 3: The Renewable Energy Cases -- I. Historical Background -- II. Technological Background -- III. Factual Background and Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 1) The Spanish Renewable Energy Saga -- a) Disputed Measures -- (1) The Rise of the Special Regime -- (2) The Amendment of the Special Regime in 2010 -- (3) The Abrogation and the Replacement of the Special Regime in 2013 -- b) The Spanish Cases -- (1) Investments under the 2007 Special Regime -- (a) Charanne and Construction Investments S.a.r.l. v. Spain -- (b) Eiser Infrastructure Ltd and Energía Solar Luxembourg S.à.r.l. v. Spain -- (c) Novenergia II - Energy & -- Environment (SCA), SICAR v. Spain -- (d) Cavalum SGPS v. Spain -- (e) Masdar Solar & -- Wind Cooperatief U.A. v. Spain -- (f) Foresight v. Spain -- (g) Cube Infrastructure v. Spain -- (h) NextEra v. Spain -- (i) 9Ren Holding S.a.r.l v. Spain -- (j) SolEs Badajoz GmbH v. Spain -- (k) OperaFund v. Spain -- (l) Stadtwerke München v. Spain -- (m) BayWa r.e. v. Spain -- (n) RWE Innogy GmbH and RWE Innogy Aersa S.A.U. v. Spain -- (o) The PV Investors v. Spain | |
| 505 | 8 | |a (p) Hydro Energy 1 S.À R.L. and Hydroxana Sweden AB v. Spain -- (2) Investments under the 2010 Amendments -- (a) Antin Infrastructure Services and Antin Energia Termosolar v. Spain -- (b) RREEF Infrastructure (GP) Ltd et al v. Spain -- (c) InfraRed Environmental Infrastructure GP Limited and others v. Spain -- (d) Watkins Holdings S.à.r.l. and others v. Kingdom of Spain -- (e) STEAG GmbH v. Spain -- (f) Isolux Netherlands B.V. v. Spain -- 2) The Italian Renewable Energy Saga -- a) Disputed Measures -- b) The Italian Cases -- (1) Blusun SA, Jean-Pierre Lecorcier and Michael Stein v. Italy -- (2) Eskosol S.P.A. v. Italy -- (3) ESPF Beteiligungs GmbH et. al. v. Italy -- (4) Greentech Energy Systems A/S et. al. v Italy -- (5) CEF Energia B.V. v. Italy -- (6) SunReserve Holdings v. Italy -- (7) Belenergia S.A. v. Italy -- 3) The Czech Renewable Energy Saga -- a) Disputed Measures -- b) The Czech Cases -- (1) Antaris Solar GmbH and Dr. Michael Göde v. Czech Republic -- (2) Jürgen Wirtgen, Stefan Wirtgen, Gisela Wirtgen et. al. v Czech Republic -- (3) Voltaic Network, Knopf, I.C.W. Investments, WA Investment v. Czech Republic -- IV. Summary of the Tendency in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 1) Types of Commitments by the States -- 2) Limitations to the Investors' Expectations -- 3) Key Considerations for the Forthcoming Analysis -- Chapter 4: Analysis of the Case Law Involving Legitimate Expectations -- I. Restrictions of the Right to Regulate through Commitments -- 1) Specific Commitments by the Host State -- a) Registration with Administrative Authority -- (1) Pre-Assignment Registry and RAIPRE -- (2) Ministerial Resolutions and Registration Letters -- (3) The GSE Conventions and the "Tariff Recognition Letters" -- (4) ERO Regulations -- (5) Legal Value of Registration Proceedings -- b) Informal Administrative Acts | |
| 505 | 8 | |a c) Requirements for Administrative Acts to Constitute Specific Commitments -- (1) Administrative Acts and their Relation to the Legal Framework -- (2) Time of the Administrative Acts -- (3) Influence of the Formality of an Administrative Act -- d) Interim Conclusion on the Requirements for Administrative Acts -- 2) General Commitment by the Host State -- a) Advertisements, Reports and Authoritative Statements -- (1) The Spanish "The sun can be yours" Campaign -- (2) Policy Plans Issued by the Host State -- (3) The CNE Reports & -- Statements -- (4) The ERO Reports and Presentations -- (5) Other Press Releases and Political Statements -- (6) Interim Conclusion on the Potential of General Representations to Create Legitimate Expectations -- b) Legitimate Expectations through the Legal Framework -- (1) Development during the Argentine Cases -- (2) Subsequent Development -- (3) Current State of Discussion -- (4) Interim Conclusion on the Legal Framework's Status as Source of Legitimate Expectations in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 3) Interim Conclusion on the Restrictions on the Right to Regulate -- II. The Due Diligence Obligation imposed by the Notion of Legitimate Expectations -- 1) General Standard for Due Diligence -- a) The Authority Conducting the Due Diligence -- b) Shared Due Diligence -- c) Proof of Due Diligence -- 2) Scope of Due Diligence -- a) Sources to Take into Consideration -- b) Clarity of the Legal Framework -- c) Relevance of Domestic Case Law -- 3) Risks Identified and Warning Signs -- a) Socio-Economic Environment -- b) Previous Development of the Regulatory Framework -- c) The Phenomenon of the Hindsight-Bias -- 4) Requirements for the Investor's Due Diligence -- III. The Host State's Margin of Discretion when Changing the Legal Framework -- 1) Reasonableness and Proportionality of the State's Acts | |
| 505 | 8 | |a a) The Link between the State's Actions and the Public Interest -- b) Economic Reasonableness of the State Acts -- c) Proportionality between the State's Acts and the Investor's Rights -- d) Development towards a Stronger Role of the Proportionality Test -- 2) Predictability and Retroactive Effect of the Measures -- 3) Impact of the Changes on the Investment -- a) Fundamental Change as a Threshold for the Violation of Basic Expectations -- b) Characteristics of Fundamental Change on the Example of the Spanish Regime -- (1) The 2010 Amendments Were within the State's Margin of discretion -- (2) Why did the 2013 Regime Constitute Radical Changes? -- c) Fundamental Change in Numbers -- (1) The Spanish Promise of a "Reasonable Return" -- (2) The Italian Incentive Reduction -- (3) The Preservation of a Reasonable Return by the Czech Republic -- 4) Interim Conclusion on the Host State's Margin of Discretion -- IV. Summary of Recent Jurisprudence -- Chapter 5: Interpretation and Evaluation of Arbitral Jurisprudence -- I. Specificity of the States' Commitments -- II. The Legal Framework as Basis for Legitimate Expectations -- 1) State Efforts to Protect Regulatory Flexibility -- 2) Appraisal of the Prevailing View in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 3) Why the States' Right to Regulate is Not Unduly Restricted -- 4) The Special Role of the Legal Framework Applying to the Public Utility Sector -- III. Due Diligence Requirement under International Investment Law -- Summary -- I. Fair and Equitable Treatment as a "Black Box"? -- II. Future Challenges in the Application of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard -- Bibliography -- Literature -- Arbitral Awards -- Court Judgments | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| author | Landmann, Niclas |
| author_facet | Landmann, Niclas |
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| contents | Cover -- Introduction -- I. Premises and Methodology of the Research -- 1) Arbitral Awards as a Legal Source -- 2) Precedent in International Investment Law -- 3) Method of Analysis -- II. Open Questions in the Development of the Notion of Legitimate Expectations -- 1) What are the Requirements for a Commitment by the State? -- 2) Can the Legal Framework Create Legitimate Expectations? -- 3) How much Due Diligence Must an Investor Apply? -- III. The Impact of Regulatory Measures on the Renewable Energy Sector -- Chapter 1: The Principle of Fair and Equitable Treatment -- I. Interpretation of Provisions Including the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard -- II. Fair and Equitable Treatment as an Overarching International Law Principle -- III. The Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard in Abstract -- 1) The Ordinary Meaning of "Fair and Equitable" -- 2) Unjust and Arbitrary Treatment -- 3) Transparency and Predictability -- 4) Discrimination Against Foreign Investors -- 5) The Obligation of Treatment in Good Faith -- 6) Consistency and Legitimate Expectations -- 7) Addressees of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Obligation -- 8) The Basic Aspects of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard -- IV. Legal Specifics under the Energy Charter Treaty -- Chapter 2: Legitimate Expectations as the Core Element of Fair and Equitable Treatment -- I. Purpose of the Legitimate Expectations: Balancing Legal Interests -- II. Time for the Determination of Legitimate Expectations -- III. Components of the Legitimate Expectations -- 1) Content of the Investors' Legitimate Expectations -- 2) Aspects of the Commitment of the State -- a) Representatives of the State in International Investment Law -- b) Contractual Agreements -- c) Unilateral Declarations and Specific Administrative Acts -- d) Informal and General Administrative Acts -- e) The Legal Regulatory Framework 3) The Due Diligence of the Investor -- 4) Foundations for the Analysis of Recent Jurisprudence -- IV. The Act of Balancing under International Investment Law -- 1) The States' Right to Regulate -- a) The EU's Reformation Efforts -- b) Limitations to the States' Sovereignty -- c) The States' Margin of Discretion -- 2) The Concept of Stability -- a) Protection of Stability in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- b) The Tension between the Right to Regulate and Concept of Stability -- 3) Application of the Proportionality Test in Balancing Legitimate Expectations -- a) The Origins of Proportionality in International Law -- b) The "Continental European" Approach to Proportionality -- c) Reasonableness and Proportionality -- d) The Importance of a Systematic Approach to the Balancing Issue -- Chapter 3: The Renewable Energy Cases -- I. Historical Background -- II. Technological Background -- III. Factual Background and Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 1) The Spanish Renewable Energy Saga -- a) Disputed Measures -- (1) The Rise of the Special Regime -- (2) The Amendment of the Special Regime in 2010 -- (3) The Abrogation and the Replacement of the Special Regime in 2013 -- b) The Spanish Cases -- (1) Investments under the 2007 Special Regime -- (a) Charanne and Construction Investments S.a.r.l. v. Spain -- (b) Eiser Infrastructure Ltd and Energía Solar Luxembourg S.à.r.l. v. Spain -- (c) Novenergia II - Energy & -- Environment (SCA), SICAR v. Spain -- (d) Cavalum SGPS v. Spain -- (e) Masdar Solar & -- Wind Cooperatief U.A. v. Spain -- (f) Foresight v. Spain -- (g) Cube Infrastructure v. Spain -- (h) NextEra v. Spain -- (i) 9Ren Holding S.a.r.l v. Spain -- (j) SolEs Badajoz GmbH v. Spain -- (k) OperaFund v. Spain -- (l) Stadtwerke München v. Spain -- (m) BayWa r.e. v. Spain -- (n) RWE Innogy GmbH and RWE Innogy Aersa S.A.U. v. Spain -- (o) The PV Investors v. Spain (p) Hydro Energy 1 S.À R.L. and Hydroxana Sweden AB v. Spain -- (2) Investments under the 2010 Amendments -- (a) Antin Infrastructure Services and Antin Energia Termosolar v. Spain -- (b) RREEF Infrastructure (GP) Ltd et al v. Spain -- (c) InfraRed Environmental Infrastructure GP Limited and others v. Spain -- (d) Watkins Holdings S.à.r.l. and others v. Kingdom of Spain -- (e) STEAG GmbH v. Spain -- (f) Isolux Netherlands B.V. v. Spain -- 2) The Italian Renewable Energy Saga -- a) Disputed Measures -- b) The Italian Cases -- (1) Blusun SA, Jean-Pierre Lecorcier and Michael Stein v. Italy -- (2) Eskosol S.P.A. v. Italy -- (3) ESPF Beteiligungs GmbH et. al. v. Italy -- (4) Greentech Energy Systems A/S et. al. v Italy -- (5) CEF Energia B.V. v. Italy -- (6) SunReserve Holdings v. Italy -- (7) Belenergia S.A. v. Italy -- 3) The Czech Renewable Energy Saga -- a) Disputed Measures -- b) The Czech Cases -- (1) Antaris Solar GmbH and Dr. Michael Göde v. Czech Republic -- (2) Jürgen Wirtgen, Stefan Wirtgen, Gisela Wirtgen et. al. v Czech Republic -- (3) Voltaic Network, Knopf, I.C.W. Investments, WA Investment v. Czech Republic -- IV. Summary of the Tendency in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 1) Types of Commitments by the States -- 2) Limitations to the Investors' Expectations -- 3) Key Considerations for the Forthcoming Analysis -- Chapter 4: Analysis of the Case Law Involving Legitimate Expectations -- I. Restrictions of the Right to Regulate through Commitments -- 1) Specific Commitments by the Host State -- a) Registration with Administrative Authority -- (1) Pre-Assignment Registry and RAIPRE -- (2) Ministerial Resolutions and Registration Letters -- (3) The GSE Conventions and the "Tariff Recognition Letters" -- (4) ERO Regulations -- (5) Legal Value of Registration Proceedings -- b) Informal Administrative Acts c) Requirements for Administrative Acts to Constitute Specific Commitments -- (1) Administrative Acts and their Relation to the Legal Framework -- (2) Time of the Administrative Acts -- (3) Influence of the Formality of an Administrative Act -- d) Interim Conclusion on the Requirements for Administrative Acts -- 2) General Commitment by the Host State -- a) Advertisements, Reports and Authoritative Statements -- (1) The Spanish "The sun can be yours" Campaign -- (2) Policy Plans Issued by the Host State -- (3) The CNE Reports & -- Statements -- (4) The ERO Reports and Presentations -- (5) Other Press Releases and Political Statements -- (6) Interim Conclusion on the Potential of General Representations to Create Legitimate Expectations -- b) Legitimate Expectations through the Legal Framework -- (1) Development during the Argentine Cases -- (2) Subsequent Development -- (3) Current State of Discussion -- (4) Interim Conclusion on the Legal Framework's Status as Source of Legitimate Expectations in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 3) Interim Conclusion on the Restrictions on the Right to Regulate -- II. The Due Diligence Obligation imposed by the Notion of Legitimate Expectations -- 1) General Standard for Due Diligence -- a) The Authority Conducting the Due Diligence -- b) Shared Due Diligence -- c) Proof of Due Diligence -- 2) Scope of Due Diligence -- a) Sources to Take into Consideration -- b) Clarity of the Legal Framework -- c) Relevance of Domestic Case Law -- 3) Risks Identified and Warning Signs -- a) Socio-Economic Environment -- b) Previous Development of the Regulatory Framework -- c) The Phenomenon of the Hindsight-Bias -- 4) Requirements for the Investor's Due Diligence -- III. The Host State's Margin of Discretion when Changing the Legal Framework -- 1) Reasonableness and Proportionality of the State's Acts a) The Link between the State's Actions and the Public Interest -- b) Economic Reasonableness of the State Acts -- c) Proportionality between the State's Acts and the Investor's Rights -- d) Development towards a Stronger Role of the Proportionality Test -- 2) Predictability and Retroactive Effect of the Measures -- 3) Impact of the Changes on the Investment -- a) Fundamental Change as a Threshold for the Violation of Basic Expectations -- b) Characteristics of Fundamental Change on the Example of the Spanish Regime -- (1) The 2010 Amendments Were within the State's Margin of discretion -- (2) Why did the 2013 Regime Constitute Radical Changes? -- c) Fundamental Change in Numbers -- (1) The Spanish Promise of a "Reasonable Return" -- (2) The Italian Incentive Reduction -- (3) The Preservation of a Reasonable Return by the Czech Republic -- 4) Interim Conclusion on the Host State's Margin of Discretion -- IV. Summary of Recent Jurisprudence -- Chapter 5: Interpretation and Evaluation of Arbitral Jurisprudence -- I. Specificity of the States' Commitments -- II. The Legal Framework as Basis for Legitimate Expectations -- 1) State Efforts to Protect Regulatory Flexibility -- 2) Appraisal of the Prevailing View in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 3) Why the States' Right to Regulate is Not Unduly Restricted -- 4) The Special Role of the Legal Framework Applying to the Public Utility Sector -- III. Due Diligence Requirement under International Investment Law -- Summary -- I. Fair and Equitable Treatment as a "Black Box"? -- II. Future Challenges in the Application of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard -- Bibliography -- Literature -- Arbitral Awards -- Court Judgments |
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| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
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| edition | 1st ed |
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| era_facet | Geschichte 1997-2021 |
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The Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard in Abstract -- 1) The Ordinary Meaning of "Fair and Equitable" -- 2) Unjust and Arbitrary Treatment -- 3) Transparency and Predictability -- 4) Discrimination Against Foreign Investors -- 5) The Obligation of Treatment in Good Faith -- 6) Consistency and Legitimate Expectations -- 7) Addressees of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Obligation -- 8) The Basic Aspects of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard -- IV. Legal Specifics under the Energy Charter Treaty -- Chapter 2: Legitimate Expectations as the Core Element of Fair and Equitable Treatment -- I. Purpose of the Legitimate Expectations: Balancing Legal Interests -- II. Time for the Determination of Legitimate Expectations -- III. Components of the Legitimate Expectations -- 1) Content of the Investors' Legitimate Expectations -- 2) Aspects of the Commitment of the State -- a) Representatives of the State in International Investment Law -- b) Contractual Agreements -- c) Unilateral Declarations and Specific Administrative Acts -- d) Informal and General Administrative Acts -- e) The Legal Regulatory Framework</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3) The Due Diligence of the Investor -- 4) Foundations for the Analysis of Recent Jurisprudence -- IV. The Act of Balancing under International Investment Law -- 1) The States' Right to Regulate -- a) The EU's Reformation Efforts -- b) Limitations to the States' Sovereignty -- c) The States' Margin of Discretion -- 2) The Concept of Stability -- a) Protection of Stability in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- b) The Tension between the Right to Regulate and Concept of Stability -- 3) Application of the Proportionality Test in Balancing Legitimate Expectations -- a) The Origins of Proportionality in International Law -- b) The "Continental European" Approach to Proportionality -- c) Reasonableness and Proportionality -- d) The Importance of a Systematic Approach to the Balancing Issue -- Chapter 3: The Renewable Energy Cases -- I. Historical Background -- II. Technological Background -- III. Factual Background and Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 1) The Spanish Renewable Energy Saga -- a) Disputed Measures -- (1) The Rise of the Special Regime -- (2) The Amendment of the Special Regime in 2010 -- (3) The Abrogation and the Replacement of the Special Regime in 2013 -- b) The Spanish Cases -- (1) Investments under the 2007 Special Regime -- (a) Charanne and Construction Investments S.a.r.l. v. Spain -- (b) Eiser Infrastructure Ltd and Energía Solar Luxembourg S.à.r.l. v. Spain -- (c) Novenergia II - Energy &amp -- Environment (SCA), SICAR v. Spain -- (d) Cavalum SGPS v. Spain -- (e) Masdar Solar &amp -- Wind Cooperatief U.A. v. Spain -- (f) Foresight v. Spain -- (g) Cube Infrastructure v. Spain -- (h) NextEra v. Spain -- (i) 9Ren Holding S.a.r.l v. Spain -- (j) SolEs Badajoz GmbH v. Spain -- (k) OperaFund v. Spain -- (l) Stadtwerke München v. Spain -- (m) BayWa r.e. v. Spain -- (n) RWE Innogy GmbH and RWE Innogy Aersa S.A.U. v. Spain -- (o) The PV Investors v. Spain</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(p) Hydro Energy 1 S.À R.L. and Hydroxana Sweden AB v. Spain -- (2) Investments under the 2010 Amendments -- (a) Antin Infrastructure Services and Antin Energia Termosolar v. Spain -- (b) RREEF Infrastructure (GP) Ltd et al v. Spain -- (c) InfraRed Environmental Infrastructure GP Limited and others v. Spain -- (d) Watkins Holdings S.à.r.l. and others v. Kingdom of Spain -- (e) STEAG GmbH v. Spain -- (f) Isolux Netherlands B.V. v. Spain -- 2) The Italian Renewable Energy Saga -- a) Disputed Measures -- b) The Italian Cases -- (1) Blusun SA, Jean-Pierre Lecorcier and Michael Stein v. Italy -- (2) Eskosol S.P.A. v. Italy -- (3) ESPF Beteiligungs GmbH et. al. v. Italy -- (4) Greentech Energy Systems A/S et. al. v Italy -- (5) CEF Energia B.V. v. Italy -- (6) SunReserve Holdings v. Italy -- (7) Belenergia S.A. v. Italy -- 3) The Czech Renewable Energy Saga -- a) Disputed Measures -- b) The Czech Cases -- (1) Antaris Solar GmbH and Dr. Michael Göde v. Czech Republic -- (2) Jürgen Wirtgen, Stefan Wirtgen, Gisela Wirtgen et. al. v Czech Republic -- (3) Voltaic Network, Knopf, I.C.W. Investments, WA Investment v. Czech Republic -- IV. Summary of the Tendency in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 1) Types of Commitments by the States -- 2) Limitations to the Investors' Expectations -- 3) Key Considerations for the Forthcoming Analysis -- Chapter 4: Analysis of the Case Law Involving Legitimate Expectations -- I. Restrictions of the Right to Regulate through Commitments -- 1) Specific Commitments by the Host State -- a) Registration with Administrative Authority -- (1) Pre-Assignment Registry and RAIPRE -- (2) Ministerial Resolutions and Registration Letters -- (3) The GSE Conventions and the "Tariff Recognition Letters" -- (4) ERO Regulations -- (5) Legal Value of Registration Proceedings -- b) Informal Administrative Acts</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">c) Requirements for Administrative Acts to Constitute Specific Commitments -- (1) Administrative Acts and their Relation to the Legal Framework -- (2) Time of the Administrative Acts -- (3) Influence of the Formality of an Administrative Act -- d) Interim Conclusion on the Requirements for Administrative Acts -- 2) General Commitment by the Host State -- a) Advertisements, Reports and Authoritative Statements -- (1) The Spanish "The sun can be yours" Campaign -- (2) Policy Plans Issued by the Host State -- (3) The CNE Reports &amp -- Statements -- (4) The ERO Reports and Presentations -- (5) Other Press Releases and Political Statements -- (6) Interim Conclusion on the Potential of General Representations to Create Legitimate Expectations -- b) Legitimate Expectations through the Legal Framework -- (1) Development during the Argentine Cases -- (2) Subsequent Development -- (3) Current State of Discussion -- (4) Interim Conclusion on the Legal Framework's Status as Source of Legitimate Expectations in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 3) Interim Conclusion on the Restrictions on the Right to Regulate -- II. The Due Diligence Obligation imposed by the Notion of Legitimate Expectations -- 1) General Standard for Due Diligence -- a) The Authority Conducting the Due Diligence -- b) Shared Due Diligence -- c) Proof of Due Diligence -- 2) Scope of Due Diligence -- a) Sources to Take into Consideration -- b) Clarity of the Legal Framework -- c) Relevance of Domestic Case Law -- 3) Risks Identified and Warning Signs -- a) Socio-Economic Environment -- b) Previous Development of the Regulatory Framework -- c) The Phenomenon of the Hindsight-Bias -- 4) Requirements for the Investor's Due Diligence -- III. The Host State's Margin of Discretion when Changing the Legal Framework -- 1) Reasonableness and Proportionality of the State's Acts</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">a) The Link between the State's Actions and the Public Interest -- b) Economic Reasonableness of the State Acts -- c) Proportionality between the State's Acts and the Investor's Rights -- d) Development towards a Stronger Role of the Proportionality Test -- 2) Predictability and Retroactive Effect of the Measures -- 3) Impact of the Changes on the Investment -- a) Fundamental Change as a Threshold for the Violation of Basic Expectations -- b) Characteristics of Fundamental Change on the Example of the Spanish Regime -- (1) The 2010 Amendments Were within the State's Margin of discretion -- (2) Why did the 2013 Regime Constitute Radical Changes? -- c) Fundamental Change in Numbers -- (1) The Spanish Promise of a "Reasonable Return" -- (2) The Italian Incentive Reduction -- (3) The Preservation of a Reasonable Return by the Czech Republic -- 4) Interim Conclusion on the Host State's Margin of Discretion -- IV. Summary of Recent Jurisprudence -- Chapter 5: Interpretation and Evaluation of Arbitral Jurisprudence -- I. Specificity of the States' Commitments -- II. The Legal Framework as Basis for Legitimate Expectations -- 1) State Efforts to Protect Regulatory Flexibility -- 2) Appraisal of the Prevailing View in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 3) Why the States' Right to Regulate is Not Unduly Restricted -- 4) The Special Role of the Legal Framework Applying to the Public Utility Sector -- III. Due Diligence Requirement under International Investment Law -- Summary -- I. Fair and Equitable Treatment as a "Black Box"? -- II. 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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| id | DE-604.BV048226782 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T19:50:45Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:32:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783748930259 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033607512 |
| oclc_num | 1293251490 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-2070s |
| owner_facet | DE-2070s |
| physical | 1 Online-Ressource (370 Seiten) |
| psigel | ZDB-30-PQE ZDB-30-PQE HWR_PDA_PQE |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Studien zum Internationalen Investitionsrecht - Studies in International Investment Law |
| spelling | Landmann, Niclas Verfasser aut Legitimate Expectations and Fair-and-Equitable-Treatment under the Energy Charter Treaty A Comparative Analysis of the Renewable Energy Cases 1st ed Baden-Baden Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft 2022 ©2022 1 Online-Ressource (370 Seiten) txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Studien zum Internationalen Investitionsrecht - Studies in International Investment Law v.41 Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources Cover -- Introduction -- I. Premises and Methodology of the Research -- 1) Arbitral Awards as a Legal Source -- 2) Precedent in International Investment Law -- 3) Method of Analysis -- II. Open Questions in the Development of the Notion of Legitimate Expectations -- 1) What are the Requirements for a Commitment by the State? -- 2) Can the Legal Framework Create Legitimate Expectations? -- 3) How much Due Diligence Must an Investor Apply? -- III. The Impact of Regulatory Measures on the Renewable Energy Sector -- Chapter 1: The Principle of Fair and Equitable Treatment -- I. Interpretation of Provisions Including the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard -- II. Fair and Equitable Treatment as an Overarching International Law Principle -- III. The Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard in Abstract -- 1) The Ordinary Meaning of "Fair and Equitable" -- 2) Unjust and Arbitrary Treatment -- 3) Transparency and Predictability -- 4) Discrimination Against Foreign Investors -- 5) The Obligation of Treatment in Good Faith -- 6) Consistency and Legitimate Expectations -- 7) Addressees of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Obligation -- 8) The Basic Aspects of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard -- IV. Legal Specifics under the Energy Charter Treaty -- Chapter 2: Legitimate Expectations as the Core Element of Fair and Equitable Treatment -- I. Purpose of the Legitimate Expectations: Balancing Legal Interests -- II. Time for the Determination of Legitimate Expectations -- III. Components of the Legitimate Expectations -- 1) Content of the Investors' Legitimate Expectations -- 2) Aspects of the Commitment of the State -- a) Representatives of the State in International Investment Law -- b) Contractual Agreements -- c) Unilateral Declarations and Specific Administrative Acts -- d) Informal and General Administrative Acts -- e) The Legal Regulatory Framework 3) The Due Diligence of the Investor -- 4) Foundations for the Analysis of Recent Jurisprudence -- IV. The Act of Balancing under International Investment Law -- 1) The States' Right to Regulate -- a) The EU's Reformation Efforts -- b) Limitations to the States' Sovereignty -- c) The States' Margin of Discretion -- 2) The Concept of Stability -- a) Protection of Stability in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- b) The Tension between the Right to Regulate and Concept of Stability -- 3) Application of the Proportionality Test in Balancing Legitimate Expectations -- a) The Origins of Proportionality in International Law -- b) The "Continental European" Approach to Proportionality -- c) Reasonableness and Proportionality -- d) The Importance of a Systematic Approach to the Balancing Issue -- Chapter 3: The Renewable Energy Cases -- I. Historical Background -- II. Technological Background -- III. Factual Background and Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 1) The Spanish Renewable Energy Saga -- a) Disputed Measures -- (1) The Rise of the Special Regime -- (2) The Amendment of the Special Regime in 2010 -- (3) The Abrogation and the Replacement of the Special Regime in 2013 -- b) The Spanish Cases -- (1) Investments under the 2007 Special Regime -- (a) Charanne and Construction Investments S.a.r.l. v. Spain -- (b) Eiser Infrastructure Ltd and Energía Solar Luxembourg S.à.r.l. v. Spain -- (c) Novenergia II - Energy & -- Environment (SCA), SICAR v. Spain -- (d) Cavalum SGPS v. Spain -- (e) Masdar Solar & -- Wind Cooperatief U.A. v. Spain -- (f) Foresight v. Spain -- (g) Cube Infrastructure v. Spain -- (h) NextEra v. Spain -- (i) 9Ren Holding S.a.r.l v. Spain -- (j) SolEs Badajoz GmbH v. Spain -- (k) OperaFund v. Spain -- (l) Stadtwerke München v. Spain -- (m) BayWa r.e. v. Spain -- (n) RWE Innogy GmbH and RWE Innogy Aersa S.A.U. v. Spain -- (o) The PV Investors v. Spain (p) Hydro Energy 1 S.À R.L. and Hydroxana Sweden AB v. Spain -- (2) Investments under the 2010 Amendments -- (a) Antin Infrastructure Services and Antin Energia Termosolar v. Spain -- (b) RREEF Infrastructure (GP) Ltd et al v. Spain -- (c) InfraRed Environmental Infrastructure GP Limited and others v. Spain -- (d) Watkins Holdings S.à.r.l. and others v. Kingdom of Spain -- (e) STEAG GmbH v. Spain -- (f) Isolux Netherlands B.V. v. Spain -- 2) The Italian Renewable Energy Saga -- a) Disputed Measures -- b) The Italian Cases -- (1) Blusun SA, Jean-Pierre Lecorcier and Michael Stein v. Italy -- (2) Eskosol S.P.A. v. Italy -- (3) ESPF Beteiligungs GmbH et. al. v. Italy -- (4) Greentech Energy Systems A/S et. al. v Italy -- (5) CEF Energia B.V. v. Italy -- (6) SunReserve Holdings v. Italy -- (7) Belenergia S.A. v. Italy -- 3) The Czech Renewable Energy Saga -- a) Disputed Measures -- b) The Czech Cases -- (1) Antaris Solar GmbH and Dr. Michael Göde v. Czech Republic -- (2) Jürgen Wirtgen, Stefan Wirtgen, Gisela Wirtgen et. al. v Czech Republic -- (3) Voltaic Network, Knopf, I.C.W. Investments, WA Investment v. Czech Republic -- IV. Summary of the Tendency in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 1) Types of Commitments by the States -- 2) Limitations to the Investors' Expectations -- 3) Key Considerations for the Forthcoming Analysis -- Chapter 4: Analysis of the Case Law Involving Legitimate Expectations -- I. Restrictions of the Right to Regulate through Commitments -- 1) Specific Commitments by the Host State -- a) Registration with Administrative Authority -- (1) Pre-Assignment Registry and RAIPRE -- (2) Ministerial Resolutions and Registration Letters -- (3) The GSE Conventions and the "Tariff Recognition Letters" -- (4) ERO Regulations -- (5) Legal Value of Registration Proceedings -- b) Informal Administrative Acts c) Requirements for Administrative Acts to Constitute Specific Commitments -- (1) Administrative Acts and their Relation to the Legal Framework -- (2) Time of the Administrative Acts -- (3) Influence of the Formality of an Administrative Act -- d) Interim Conclusion on the Requirements for Administrative Acts -- 2) General Commitment by the Host State -- a) Advertisements, Reports and Authoritative Statements -- (1) The Spanish "The sun can be yours" Campaign -- (2) Policy Plans Issued by the Host State -- (3) The CNE Reports & -- Statements -- (4) The ERO Reports and Presentations -- (5) Other Press Releases and Political Statements -- (6) Interim Conclusion on the Potential of General Representations to Create Legitimate Expectations -- b) Legitimate Expectations through the Legal Framework -- (1) Development during the Argentine Cases -- (2) Subsequent Development -- (3) Current State of Discussion -- (4) Interim Conclusion on the Legal Framework's Status as Source of Legitimate Expectations in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 3) Interim Conclusion on the Restrictions on the Right to Regulate -- II. The Due Diligence Obligation imposed by the Notion of Legitimate Expectations -- 1) General Standard for Due Diligence -- a) The Authority Conducting the Due Diligence -- b) Shared Due Diligence -- c) Proof of Due Diligence -- 2) Scope of Due Diligence -- a) Sources to Take into Consideration -- b) Clarity of the Legal Framework -- c) Relevance of Domestic Case Law -- 3) Risks Identified and Warning Signs -- a) Socio-Economic Environment -- b) Previous Development of the Regulatory Framework -- c) The Phenomenon of the Hindsight-Bias -- 4) Requirements for the Investor's Due Diligence -- III. The Host State's Margin of Discretion when Changing the Legal Framework -- 1) Reasonableness and Proportionality of the State's Acts a) The Link between the State's Actions and the Public Interest -- b) Economic Reasonableness of the State Acts -- c) Proportionality between the State's Acts and the Investor's Rights -- d) Development towards a Stronger Role of the Proportionality Test -- 2) Predictability and Retroactive Effect of the Measures -- 3) Impact of the Changes on the Investment -- a) Fundamental Change as a Threshold for the Violation of Basic Expectations -- b) Characteristics of Fundamental Change on the Example of the Spanish Regime -- (1) The 2010 Amendments Were within the State's Margin of discretion -- (2) Why did the 2013 Regime Constitute Radical Changes? -- c) Fundamental Change in Numbers -- (1) The Spanish Promise of a "Reasonable Return" -- (2) The Italian Incentive Reduction -- (3) The Preservation of a Reasonable Return by the Czech Republic -- 4) Interim Conclusion on the Host State's Margin of Discretion -- IV. Summary of Recent Jurisprudence -- Chapter 5: Interpretation and Evaluation of Arbitral Jurisprudence -- I. Specificity of the States' Commitments -- II. The Legal Framework as Basis for Legitimate Expectations -- 1) State Efforts to Protect Regulatory Flexibility -- 2) Appraisal of the Prevailing View in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 3) Why the States' Right to Regulate is Not Unduly Restricted -- 4) The Special Role of the Legal Framework Applying to the Public Utility Sector -- III. Due Diligence Requirement under International Investment Law -- Summary -- I. Fair and Equitable Treatment as a "Black Box"? -- II. Future Challenges in the Application of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard -- Bibliography -- Literature -- Arbitral Awards -- Court Judgments Energiecharta-Vertrag (DE-588)4517484-2 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1997-2021 gnd rswk-swf Auslandsinvestition (DE-588)4003772-1 gnd rswk-swf Investitionsschutz (DE-588)4238208-7 gnd rswk-swf Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit (DE-588)4162055-0 gnd rswk-swf Rechtsprechung (DE-588)4115710-2 gnd rswk-swf Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Energiecharta-Vertrag (DE-588)4517484-2 u Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit (DE-588)4162055-0 s Rechtsprechung (DE-588)4115710-2 s Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 s Auslandsinvestition (DE-588)4003772-1 s Investitionsschutz (DE-588)4238208-7 s Geschichte 1997-2021 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Landmann, Niclas Legitimate Expectations and Fair-and-Equitable-Treatment under the Energy Charter Treaty Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft,c2022 9783848786541 |
| spellingShingle | Landmann, Niclas Legitimate Expectations and Fair-and-Equitable-Treatment under the Energy Charter Treaty A Comparative Analysis of the Renewable Energy Cases Cover -- Introduction -- I. Premises and Methodology of the Research -- 1) Arbitral Awards as a Legal Source -- 2) Precedent in International Investment Law -- 3) Method of Analysis -- II. Open Questions in the Development of the Notion of Legitimate Expectations -- 1) What are the Requirements for a Commitment by the State? -- 2) Can the Legal Framework Create Legitimate Expectations? -- 3) How much Due Diligence Must an Investor Apply? -- III. The Impact of Regulatory Measures on the Renewable Energy Sector -- Chapter 1: The Principle of Fair and Equitable Treatment -- I. Interpretation of Provisions Including the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard -- II. Fair and Equitable Treatment as an Overarching International Law Principle -- III. The Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard in Abstract -- 1) The Ordinary Meaning of "Fair and Equitable" -- 2) Unjust and Arbitrary Treatment -- 3) Transparency and Predictability -- 4) Discrimination Against Foreign Investors -- 5) The Obligation of Treatment in Good Faith -- 6) Consistency and Legitimate Expectations -- 7) Addressees of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Obligation -- 8) The Basic Aspects of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard -- IV. Legal Specifics under the Energy Charter Treaty -- Chapter 2: Legitimate Expectations as the Core Element of Fair and Equitable Treatment -- I. Purpose of the Legitimate Expectations: Balancing Legal Interests -- II. Time for the Determination of Legitimate Expectations -- III. Components of the Legitimate Expectations -- 1) Content of the Investors' Legitimate Expectations -- 2) Aspects of the Commitment of the State -- a) Representatives of the State in International Investment Law -- b) Contractual Agreements -- c) Unilateral Declarations and Specific Administrative Acts -- d) Informal and General Administrative Acts -- e) The Legal Regulatory Framework 3) The Due Diligence of the Investor -- 4) Foundations for the Analysis of Recent Jurisprudence -- IV. The Act of Balancing under International Investment Law -- 1) The States' Right to Regulate -- a) The EU's Reformation Efforts -- b) Limitations to the States' Sovereignty -- c) The States' Margin of Discretion -- 2) The Concept of Stability -- a) Protection of Stability in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- b) The Tension between the Right to Regulate and Concept of Stability -- 3) Application of the Proportionality Test in Balancing Legitimate Expectations -- a) The Origins of Proportionality in International Law -- b) The "Continental European" Approach to Proportionality -- c) Reasonableness and Proportionality -- d) The Importance of a Systematic Approach to the Balancing Issue -- Chapter 3: The Renewable Energy Cases -- I. Historical Background -- II. Technological Background -- III. Factual Background and Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 1) The Spanish Renewable Energy Saga -- a) Disputed Measures -- (1) The Rise of the Special Regime -- (2) The Amendment of the Special Regime in 2010 -- (3) The Abrogation and the Replacement of the Special Regime in 2013 -- b) The Spanish Cases -- (1) Investments under the 2007 Special Regime -- (a) Charanne and Construction Investments S.a.r.l. v. Spain -- (b) Eiser Infrastructure Ltd and Energía Solar Luxembourg S.à.r.l. v. Spain -- (c) Novenergia II - Energy & -- Environment (SCA), SICAR v. Spain -- (d) Cavalum SGPS v. Spain -- (e) Masdar Solar & -- Wind Cooperatief U.A. v. Spain -- (f) Foresight v. Spain -- (g) Cube Infrastructure v. Spain -- (h) NextEra v. Spain -- (i) 9Ren Holding S.a.r.l v. Spain -- (j) SolEs Badajoz GmbH v. Spain -- (k) OperaFund v. Spain -- (l) Stadtwerke München v. Spain -- (m) BayWa r.e. v. Spain -- (n) RWE Innogy GmbH and RWE Innogy Aersa S.A.U. v. Spain -- (o) The PV Investors v. Spain (p) Hydro Energy 1 S.À R.L. and Hydroxana Sweden AB v. Spain -- (2) Investments under the 2010 Amendments -- (a) Antin Infrastructure Services and Antin Energia Termosolar v. Spain -- (b) RREEF Infrastructure (GP) Ltd et al v. Spain -- (c) InfraRed Environmental Infrastructure GP Limited and others v. Spain -- (d) Watkins Holdings S.à.r.l. and others v. Kingdom of Spain -- (e) STEAG GmbH v. Spain -- (f) Isolux Netherlands B.V. v. Spain -- 2) The Italian Renewable Energy Saga -- a) Disputed Measures -- b) The Italian Cases -- (1) Blusun SA, Jean-Pierre Lecorcier and Michael Stein v. Italy -- (2) Eskosol S.P.A. v. Italy -- (3) ESPF Beteiligungs GmbH et. al. v. Italy -- (4) Greentech Energy Systems A/S et. al. v Italy -- (5) CEF Energia B.V. v. Italy -- (6) SunReserve Holdings v. Italy -- (7) Belenergia S.A. v. Italy -- 3) The Czech Renewable Energy Saga -- a) Disputed Measures -- b) The Czech Cases -- (1) Antaris Solar GmbH and Dr. Michael Göde v. Czech Republic -- (2) Jürgen Wirtgen, Stefan Wirtgen, Gisela Wirtgen et. al. v Czech Republic -- (3) Voltaic Network, Knopf, I.C.W. Investments, WA Investment v. Czech Republic -- IV. Summary of the Tendency in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 1) Types of Commitments by the States -- 2) Limitations to the Investors' Expectations -- 3) Key Considerations for the Forthcoming Analysis -- Chapter 4: Analysis of the Case Law Involving Legitimate Expectations -- I. Restrictions of the Right to Regulate through Commitments -- 1) Specific Commitments by the Host State -- a) Registration with Administrative Authority -- (1) Pre-Assignment Registry and RAIPRE -- (2) Ministerial Resolutions and Registration Letters -- (3) The GSE Conventions and the "Tariff Recognition Letters" -- (4) ERO Regulations -- (5) Legal Value of Registration Proceedings -- b) Informal Administrative Acts c) Requirements for Administrative Acts to Constitute Specific Commitments -- (1) Administrative Acts and their Relation to the Legal Framework -- (2) Time of the Administrative Acts -- (3) Influence of the Formality of an Administrative Act -- d) Interim Conclusion on the Requirements for Administrative Acts -- 2) General Commitment by the Host State -- a) Advertisements, Reports and Authoritative Statements -- (1) The Spanish "The sun can be yours" Campaign -- (2) Policy Plans Issued by the Host State -- (3) The CNE Reports & -- Statements -- (4) The ERO Reports and Presentations -- (5) Other Press Releases and Political Statements -- (6) Interim Conclusion on the Potential of General Representations to Create Legitimate Expectations -- b) Legitimate Expectations through the Legal Framework -- (1) Development during the Argentine Cases -- (2) Subsequent Development -- (3) Current State of Discussion -- (4) Interim Conclusion on the Legal Framework's Status as Source of Legitimate Expectations in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 3) Interim Conclusion on the Restrictions on the Right to Regulate -- II. The Due Diligence Obligation imposed by the Notion of Legitimate Expectations -- 1) General Standard for Due Diligence -- a) The Authority Conducting the Due Diligence -- b) Shared Due Diligence -- c) Proof of Due Diligence -- 2) Scope of Due Diligence -- a) Sources to Take into Consideration -- b) Clarity of the Legal Framework -- c) Relevance of Domestic Case Law -- 3) Risks Identified and Warning Signs -- a) Socio-Economic Environment -- b) Previous Development of the Regulatory Framework -- c) The Phenomenon of the Hindsight-Bias -- 4) Requirements for the Investor's Due Diligence -- III. The Host State's Margin of Discretion when Changing the Legal Framework -- 1) Reasonableness and Proportionality of the State's Acts a) The Link between the State's Actions and the Public Interest -- b) Economic Reasonableness of the State Acts -- c) Proportionality between the State's Acts and the Investor's Rights -- d) Development towards a Stronger Role of the Proportionality Test -- 2) Predictability and Retroactive Effect of the Measures -- 3) Impact of the Changes on the Investment -- a) Fundamental Change as a Threshold for the Violation of Basic Expectations -- b) Characteristics of Fundamental Change on the Example of the Spanish Regime -- (1) The 2010 Amendments Were within the State's Margin of discretion -- (2) Why did the 2013 Regime Constitute Radical Changes? -- c) Fundamental Change in Numbers -- (1) The Spanish Promise of a "Reasonable Return" -- (2) The Italian Incentive Reduction -- (3) The Preservation of a Reasonable Return by the Czech Republic -- 4) Interim Conclusion on the Host State's Margin of Discretion -- IV. Summary of Recent Jurisprudence -- Chapter 5: Interpretation and Evaluation of Arbitral Jurisprudence -- I. Specificity of the States' Commitments -- II. The Legal Framework as Basis for Legitimate Expectations -- 1) State Efforts to Protect Regulatory Flexibility -- 2) Appraisal of the Prevailing View in Arbitral Jurisprudence -- 3) Why the States' Right to Regulate is Not Unduly Restricted -- 4) The Special Role of the Legal Framework Applying to the Public Utility Sector -- III. Due Diligence Requirement under International Investment Law -- Summary -- I. Fair and Equitable Treatment as a "Black Box"? -- II. Future Challenges in the Application of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard -- Bibliography -- Literature -- Arbitral Awards -- Court Judgments Energiecharta-Vertrag (DE-588)4517484-2 gnd Auslandsinvestition (DE-588)4003772-1 gnd Investitionsschutz (DE-588)4238208-7 gnd Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit (DE-588)4162055-0 gnd Rechtsprechung (DE-588)4115710-2 gnd Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4517484-2 (DE-588)4003772-1 (DE-588)4238208-7 (DE-588)4162055-0 (DE-588)4115710-2 (DE-588)4068598-6 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Legitimate Expectations and Fair-and-Equitable-Treatment under the Energy Charter Treaty A Comparative Analysis of the Renewable Energy Cases |
| title_auth | Legitimate Expectations and Fair-and-Equitable-Treatment under the Energy Charter Treaty A Comparative Analysis of the Renewable Energy Cases |
| title_exact_search | Legitimate Expectations and Fair-and-Equitable-Treatment under the Energy Charter Treaty A Comparative Analysis of the Renewable Energy Cases |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Legitimate Expectations and Fair-and-Equitable-Treatment under the Energy Charter Treaty A Comparative Analysis of the Renewable Energy Cases |
| title_full | Legitimate Expectations and Fair-and-Equitable-Treatment under the Energy Charter Treaty A Comparative Analysis of the Renewable Energy Cases |
| title_fullStr | Legitimate Expectations and Fair-and-Equitable-Treatment under the Energy Charter Treaty A Comparative Analysis of the Renewable Energy Cases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Legitimate Expectations and Fair-and-Equitable-Treatment under the Energy Charter Treaty A Comparative Analysis of the Renewable Energy Cases |
| title_short | Legitimate Expectations and Fair-and-Equitable-Treatment under the Energy Charter Treaty |
| title_sort | legitimate expectations and fair and equitable treatment under the energy charter treaty a comparative analysis of the renewable energy cases |
| title_sub | A Comparative Analysis of the Renewable Energy Cases |
| topic | Energiecharta-Vertrag (DE-588)4517484-2 gnd Auslandsinvestition (DE-588)4003772-1 gnd Investitionsschutz (DE-588)4238208-7 gnd Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit (DE-588)4162055-0 gnd Rechtsprechung (DE-588)4115710-2 gnd Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Energiecharta-Vertrag Auslandsinvestition Investitionsschutz Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit Rechtsprechung Erneuerbare Energien Hochschulschrift |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT landmannniclas legitimateexpectationsandfairandequitabletreatmentundertheenergychartertreatyacomparativeanalysisoftherenewableenergycases |