State ideology, science, and pseudoscience in Russia: between the cosmos and the Earth
"Russia is defined by its past legacies, including Soviet state ideology and the intellectual movements of Russian cosmism and Eurasianism. This book recounts the histories of these legacies and the ongoing search for a unifying state-controlled narrative in contemporary Russia, drawing on the...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London
Lexington Books
[2022]
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Russia is defined by its past legacies, including Soviet state ideology and the intellectual movements of Russian cosmism and Eurasianism. This book recounts the histories of these legacies and the ongoing search for a unifying state-controlled narrative in contemporary Russia, drawing on the evolution of ideas across time and space"-- |
| Beschreibung: | xxii, 287 Seiten 5 Illustrationen (schwarz-weiß) |
| ISBN: | 9781666905687 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents List of Figures vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi PART I: STATE IDEOLOGY 1 1 : Ideology 3 2: Soviet Ideology 23 PART II: PSEUDOSCIENCE 77 3: Russian Cosmism 79 4: Eurasianism 111 PART III: KALMYKIA 145 5: Kalmykia and Its History 147 6: Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, The Nebulous Savior 171 PART IV: STATE IDEOLOGY OF KALMYKIA 191 7 : Ideology of Wisdom 193 8: Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, The Fallen Angel 207 9: Why Do People Still Need Ideology? 223 PART V: FUTURE IDEOLOGY 241 10: What’s Next? 243 v
vi Contents 11 : Digital Ideologies? 263 Bibliography 271 Index 281 About the Author 287
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Index actors, theory of, 8-14 agriculture, Soviet, 32, 39, 43, 44, 70. See also Lysenko, Trofim aliens, cosmic: in cosmism, 80, 82, 87, 90; in the Soviet Union, 93, 94, 95, 97; in post-Soviet Russia, 98, 174; in post-Soviet Kalmykia, 99, 100, 101, 102, 171, 172, 196, 220. See also UFOs Andropov, Yuri, 54-55, 58, 60. See also KGB anthropocene, 105. See also noosphere Akhmatova, Anna, 38,41, 90, 118, 119 Arzhilovsky, Andrey, 34. See also Great Purge Astrakhan, 147, 157, 158, 215 capitalism: as a system, 25, 45, 268; Soviet conception of, 32, 41, 42, 43, 46, 49, 61; Eurasianists’ understanding of, 120,125 capitalism, bandit, 176-77 charisma, 184-87, 217. See also Weber, Max; prospect theory China, 45, 82, 114, 116, 121, 152, 156, 255, 264, 265 Committee for Ideology, Culture, and International Party Relations, 40, 44 Chaadaev, Petr, 55, 113, 259. See also Westernizers Chechnya, 68, 127, 221, 255, 256 Cheka (All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage), 30-31,56, 57, 117. See also NKVD; KGB; FSB Chernenko, Konstantin, 53, 59 Chingis Khan: in Eurasianism, 112, 115, 126; as a historical figure, 152, 153, 167n7; in Ilyumzhinov’s view, 187 Chizhevsky, Alexandr, 84, 89, 96, 105, 106 Chumak, Allan, 174. Also see Kashpirovsky, Anatoly Baba Vanga, 174,175, 177,180, 181, 189n5 Belarus, 65, 127, 131 Bogdanov, Alexandr, 90, 91 Bolshevik Revolution, 11-13 Bourdieu, Pierre, 7, 16, 26. See fields, theory of Brezhnev, Leonid, 44, 45-47, 49, 55, 58, 60, 176, 177 Brezhnev era, 45-54, 59, 94, 96, 175, 176, 177,213 Buryatia, 148, 156, 164, 212, 254, 255 281
282 Index complementarity, 119, 185. See also passionarity; Gumelev, Lev; Eurasianism conspiracy theories: in Soviet society, 17, 34, 36, 39, 50, 52, 66, 74n51, 97, 117; in KGB, 57; and ideology, 47, 48, 50, 194, 224; and cosmism, 95, 108; and Eurasianism, 111, 112, 113, 123, 126, 128; and Putin, 132, 133; in post-Soviet Russia, 136, 244, 245, 248, 252; in post-Soviet Kalmykia, 182, 203, 236 Covid-19, 239, 257 cosmism, Russian: as state ideology, 70, 71, 106; history of, 79-98; in Kalmykia, 98-102; in Buddhism, 102, 103; and science, xv, 103-107. Also see UFOs Cossacks, 54, 155, 157, 158, 165, 166 Crimea, 128, 136, 138, 147, 158, 165, 248, 258. See also Ukraine Dalai Lama, 156, 168n21, 181, 184, 207,213,219 Dawkins, Richard, 18, 224, 225, 267 de-Stalinization of society, 40, 43, 45, 60. See also Stalinism; totalitarianism developed communism, 24 developed socialism, 45, 58 Dorzhinov, Valeriy, 99, 100, 101 Dugin, Alexandr, 123-28 Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 57, 65. See also Cheka Elista, 99, 100, 101, 141, 147, 148, 150, 156, 161, 162, 163, 165, 172, 178, 179, 181, 184, 187, 195, 201, 202, 203, 207-210, 212, 214, 215, 218, 219, 222n9, 235, 238, 239, 251 Elistaev, Batr, 212, 213, 226. See also political technology Engels, Frederick, 23, 25, 29, 42, 49 Epstein, Mikhail, xxiinl, 50 ethnogenesis, theory of, 119, 121, 122, 196. See Gumilev, Lev Eurasianism: history of, 112-17; as a “science,” xv, 11, 111-12, 114, 115, 127, 140. See also 142n4; as a geopolitical and economic project, 127, 128, 131, 134; among Russian émigré in China, 116; in Kazakhstan, 122; in Kalmykia, 138-142
Experimental Creative Center, 64, 106, 124. See Kurginian, Sergey Ezhov, Nikolay, 33, 34 Fedorov, Nikolay, 85-86, 91, 96, 104, 105, 106 Ferguson, Niall, 14, 15. See networks and hierarchies, theory of FSB (Federal Security Service), 129, 131, 208, 209, 236, 237, 256. See also Cheka; NKVD; KGB field, ideological, 16, 17, 26, 29, 31, 32, 40, 41, 46, 64, 254 fields, theory of, 16, 17, 19, 26, 32, 64, 115, 228. See Bourdieu, Pierre Gagarin, Yuri, 43, 86, 93, 94 Gellner, Ernest, 47, 48, 224, 225 genetics, 37, 38, 39, 104 Georgia, 91, 126, 128, 131, 135, 165,266 Glushko, Valentin, 37, 86 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 58, 59-66, 98. See also perestroika Great Purge, 33, 37 gulag, 33, 34, 40, 52, 96, 119, 120, 159, 160, 175 Gumilev, Lev, 16, 111, 117-122 historiography: under Stalin, 35; Soviet, 61, 151; in Soviet Kalmykia, 161, 162; in post-Soviet Kalmykia, 152, 163, 164, 166, 167; in post-Soviet Russia, 151; and Eurasianism, 111, 115, 119, 127 Homo Sovieticus, 50, 67, 139, 248
Index horn effect, 217, 218. See also charisma ideology: function of, xvi-xvii; definitions of, xvi, xvii, 7; Marx’s understanding of, 24, 25; and technology, 20-21, 263-269; search in post-Soviet Kalmykia, 69-72, 234-35; connection with cosmology, 194; resurgent interest in, 244—47, 253, 254; pre-mortem analysis of, 251-54 ideology, bourgeois, 25, 49 ideology, digital, 268, 269 ideology, Soviet: connection with pseudoscience, xiv, xv, 10; functions of, xvii; Bolsheviks’ understanding of, 25, 26,27,28, 29; textbooks and definition of, 42-43, 46; organisations that maintained, 44, 63; as experience, 47-53, 225; nostalgia for, 250. See nostalgia Ilyin, Ivan, 136-37 Ilyin, Viktor, 55 Ilyumzhinov, Kirsan: biography of, 172-75, 177; as President of Kalmykia, xiii, xviii, xix, 177-84, 209, 210; as a charismatic leader, 181-82, 185-87; as a discredited politician, 209, 210, 211, 214-20; as President of FIDE, 181, 187, 208, 220, 221, 229 intelligentsia, 36-39,41, 62, 83, 93, 114, 122, 259 Iran, 68, 126, 133 Ivan the Terrible, 35, 154, 257 Ivanov, Vsevolod, 116 KGB (Committee for State Security), 53-56, 61, 65-67, 123, 124, 129, 131, 161, 162, 173, 177. See also Cheka; NKVD; FSB Kahneman, Daniel, 5, 21, 47, 48, 64, 99, 186, 225, 269. See prospect theory Kalmyk, etymology of, 154 283 Kalmyk State University, 101, 150, 152, 208,218,219 Kalmykia: general information, xvii, xviii, xix, 147-48, 207-9; population, xviii, 167nl; geographical imagination, 148-50, 165; search for identity, 138—41, 163-65; presidential elections, xviii, 178, 181, 184,212-14, 236, 237; early history, 152-58;
in Soviet times, 158-62, 169n32; post1991, 162-67; search for a state ideology, 71-74; post-Ilyumzhinov, 235-40; political opposition, 204, 214-17, 220. Kaluga, 83, 86, 89, 106, 112 Kashpirovsky, Anatoly, 174. Also see Chumak, Allan Kazakhstan, 122, 127, 131, 157, 169n32 Kerensky, Fyodor, 10, 11, 12 Khara-Davan, Erenzhen, 112,114, 115, 116, 120, 141, 158 Khasikov, Batu, 237-39 Khrushchev, Nikita, 40-44 Kirov, Sergey, 33 Kolesnik, Vladimir, 152,166, 167 Kornilov, Lavr, 11 Korolev, Sergey, 37, 86 Kurginian, Sergey, 124, 143. See Experimental Creative Center Kyrgyzstan, 122, 127, 131, 169n32 Lenin, Vladimir: looks, 8; genealogy of, 8, 158; biography of, 8-Ю, 57; as leader of the Soviet state, 30, 31-32; mausoleum, 40,250,251, 257; death, mummification, and cult of, 91, 184, 218, 250, 251. See also 109nl6 Liberal Democratic Party (LDPR), 64, 124 Litvinenko, Alexandr, 133, 144n39 Lysenko, Trofim, 39, 43, 44, 92 Mamleev, Yuri, 124, 125. See Yuzhinsky circle
284 Index marketplace of imagination, 17, 18, 19, 20, 48, 194, 224, 225 Marx, Carl, 23, 24, 25, 29, 42, 49 Marxism-Leninism. See ideology, Soviet Medvedev, Dmitry, 101, 134, 144n43, 220, 235, 236, 255, 258 meme, 7, 17, 18, 48, 143n39, 224, 225. See also marketplace of imagination; Dawkins, Richard Młynar, Zdenek, 60 Mongol Horde, 115, 118, 153, 154 Mongolia, xviii, 62, 96, 109nl6, 119, 126, 148, 152, 154, 179, 214, 255 Moonies (The Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity), 183 Morozov, Pavlik, 46 NKVD (People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs), 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 117, 257. See also Cheka; KGB; FSB National Idea, 69, 72, 244. See ideology Neizvestny, Ernst, 41, 163 networks and hierarchies, theory of, 14-15, 66, 116, 117, 153, 252. See Ferguson, Niall Nogays, 154, 166 nomenklatura 29, 36, 38, 55, 66 noosphere: Vernadsky’s definition of, 87, 88, 105, 109n34; Soviet conception of, 88; in popular culture, 88, 89, 101, 102, 104, 193; in Kalmyk state ideology, 198, 199. See also anthropocene nostalgia, 68, 230-235, 248, 250 Nuskhaev, Alexei, 195-97, 198, 202, 210, 226, 227, 228 oprichniki, 35. See also, Ivan the Terrible Ochirov, Valeriy, xviii Orlov, Alexei, 231, 235, 236, 237 Orthodox Church, 4, 28, 42, 90, 113, 182, 249 passionarity, 118, 119, 120,127,141, 185, 186, 187, 193, 196, 266. Also see charisma; Gumelev, Lev; Eurasianism patriotism: in pre-revolutionary Russia, 28; among early Bolsheviks, 2; under Stalin, 19, 35, 36,11; in Soviet society, 19, 34, 43, 48; in KGB, 56, 58; and cosmism, 81; and Eurasianism, 125, 128,196; in postSoviet
Kalmykia, 71, 164, 165, 166, 167, 213, 214, 234, 248; in postSoviet Russia, 123, 132, 135, 136, 243,246, 249, 251 Pavlovsky, Gleb, 130, 131, 133, 135, 212, 253, 258 perestroika, 59-67, 70, 72, 97, 101, 122, 124, 148, 173, 174, 176, 182, 213, 231, 232. See also Gorbachev, Mikhail Peter the Great, 35, 83, 113, 156, 259 political technology, 130,183, 184, 212, 213, 214. See also Pavlovsky, Gleb; Surkov, Vladislav; Elistaev, Batr Politkovskaya, Anna, 132, 133, 144n39 proletarian internationalism, 27, 28, 31 prospect theory, 5-6, 47,48, 64, 225, 228, 230, 231, 264, 269. See Kahneman, Daniel Provisional Government, 8-12, 28 psychoanalysis, 37 Pussy Riot, rock band, 134, 165, 249, 250 Putin, Spiridon, 31 Putin, Vladimir: biography of, 128-29; interest in a state ideology, xiii, 132, 244, 245, 247, 258; interest in becoming a KGB operative, 58; as a KGB operative, 129; as (deputy) mayor of St Petersburg, 129, 176, 258; as a former KGB operative, 53, 59, 130, 131, 132, 136; 2000 elections, 59, 129, 130; 2012 elections, 134, 144n43; reaction to 9/11,131; disillusionment
Index with the West, 131, 133, 134; and Eurasianism, 127, 131, 134, 136, 244, 266; view of Ilyin’s ideas, 137; and Orthodox Church, 249, 250; as President of Russia, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133, 136, 209, 216, 237, 244, 249, 251, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259; as Prime Minister, 129, 130,134,135, 247; and FIDE elections, 221, 222nll; popularity in Russia, 243, 247, 252; image in Kalmykia, 216, 233, 238, 239 Pyurveev, Jangar, 101,107, 138 Red Terror, 30-31, 117 Russian Doctrine, 245^47 Russo-Chechen Wars, 68, 129, 165,255,256 Ryzhkov, Nikolay, 58, 64 Sandzhiev, Dmitry, 101,102 Satarov, Georgy, 67, 68, 69 Savitsky, Petr, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120 science and pseudoscience, xiv, xv, xvi Scott, James, 95, 96 Secretary for Ideology: in the Soviet Union, 44, 54, 59, 61; in post-Soviet Kalmykia, 196, 197, 210, 211 sharashka, 37. See gulag Silver Age, of Russia, xv, 112, 113, 114, 118, 181, 182 Skuratov, Sergey, 129 Slavophiles, xiv, 113, 114. See also Westernizers Smirnova, Anna, 8, 158. See also Lenin, Vladimir social media, 21,135, 239, 264, 265, 270 Socialist realism, 38, 39, 95 Solovyev, Vladimir, 96, 113,114, 182 sovereign democracy, 245, 246, 247. See Surkov, Vladislav Soviet dissidents, 52, 53, 54, 55, 66, 123, 130, 150 285 Soviet space dogs, 94, 218 Soviet youth, 51, 52 Stalin, Joseph, 31-36, 38-39, 42, 57, 65,91,92, 151, 175,243,257 Stalinism, 31-39 Stalin Prize, 37, 88 State ideology of Kalmykia: textbook of, 197-201; how it was promulgated, 201-204; analysis of, 225, 226, 229; repudiation of, 226-30. Stierlitz, 58, 59 structomenon, 266, 267, 269n7 Surkov, Vladislav,
212, 221nl, 238, 245, 246, 258. See also political technology; sovereign democracy Suslov, Mikhail, 40, 44, 53, 54, 60 Susskind, Jamie, 21, 47 Syria, 138, 171, 220, 256 Tatarstan, 68, 122 Tereshkova, Valentina, xii, 257 Timofeev-Ressovsky, Nikolay, 120 totalitarianism, 27, 33, 34, 67, 96, 263, 268, 269. See also Stalinism; Stalin, Joseph troika tribunals, 32, 65 Trotsky, Leon, 8, 10, 11, 12,16, 31,32,33 Trubetskoy, Nikolay, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117 Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin, 86-87, 89, 96, 104, 105, 106, 108 Turner, Victor, 139 UFOs, 80, 92-95, 97, 100, 102, 174. Also see aliens, cosmic Ukraine, 65, 126, 128, 131, 132, 135, 138, 165, 237, 238, 250, 256, 266. See also Crimea Vernadsky, Georgy, 112,114, 115, 120 Vernadsky, Vladimir, 87-88, 89,104, 105, 106, 108, 196, 198, 201 Victory Parade, 251, 252, 257
286 vory, 52-53, 56, 175, 176 Weber, Max, 184, 185, 186, 217. See charisma Westernizers, 113, 259. See also Slavophiles Yagoda, Genrikh, 33, 34 Yakovlev, Alexandr, 61, 98, 123 Yeltsin, Boris: 1991 elections, 65; 1996 elections, 68, 69, 130; as a politician, 65, 66, 67, 101, 125, 129, Index 244, 251, 255; and Putin, 129, 253, 258; and psychics, 174; attempt at a state ideology, xi, 69, 72; era of democracy, xiii, xviii, 59, 68,125, 131, 136, 176,212, 230, 231,233, 248, 250, 251,259 Yurchak, Alexei, 49, 51 Yuzhinsky circle, 123, 124. See Mamleev, Yuri Zigel, Felix, 94, 97
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Contents List of Figures vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi PART I: STATE IDEOLOGY 1 1 : Ideology 3 2: Soviet Ideology 23 PART II: PSEUDOSCIENCE 77 3: Russian Cosmism 79 4: Eurasianism 111 PART III: KALMYKIA 145 5: Kalmykia and Its History 147 6: Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, The Nebulous Savior 171 PART IV: STATE IDEOLOGY OF KALMYKIA 191 7 : Ideology of Wisdom 193 8: Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, The Fallen Angel 207 9: Why Do People Still Need Ideology? 223 PART V: FUTURE IDEOLOGY 241 10: What’s Next? 243 v
vi Contents 11 : Digital Ideologies? 263 Bibliography 271 Index 281 About the Author 287
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Index actors, theory of, 8-14 agriculture, Soviet, 32, 39, 43, 44, 70. See also Lysenko, Trofim aliens, cosmic: in cosmism, 80, 82, 87, 90; in the Soviet Union, 93, 94, 95, 97; in post-Soviet Russia, 98, 174; in post-Soviet Kalmykia, 99, 100, 101, 102, 171, 172, 196, 220. See also UFOs Andropov, Yuri, 54-55, 58, 60. See also KGB anthropocene, 105. See also noosphere Akhmatova, Anna, 38,41, 90, 118, 119 Arzhilovsky, Andrey, 34. See also Great Purge Astrakhan, 147, 157, 158, 215 capitalism: as a system, 25, 45, 268; Soviet conception of, 32, 41, 42, 43, 46, 49, 61; Eurasianists’ understanding of, 120,125 capitalism, bandit, 176-77 charisma, 184-87, 217. See also Weber, Max; prospect theory China, 45, 82, 114, 116, 121, 152, 156, 255, 264, 265 Committee for Ideology, Culture, and International Party Relations, 40, 44 Chaadaev, Petr, 55, 113, 259. See also Westernizers Chechnya, 68, 127, 221, 255, 256 Cheka (All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage), 30-31,56, 57, 117. See also NKVD; KGB; FSB Chernenko, Konstantin, 53, 59 Chingis Khan: in Eurasianism, 112, 115, 126; as a historical figure, 152, 153, 167n7; in Ilyumzhinov’s view, 187 Chizhevsky, Alexandr, 84, 89, 96, 105, 106 Chumak, Allan, 174. Also see Kashpirovsky, Anatoly Baba Vanga, 174,175, 177,180, 181, 189n5 Belarus, 65, 127, 131 Bogdanov, Alexandr, 90, 91 Bolshevik Revolution, 11-13 Bourdieu, Pierre, 7, 16, 26. See fields, theory of Brezhnev, Leonid, 44, 45-47, 49, 55, 58, 60, 176, 177 Brezhnev era, 45-54, 59, 94, 96, 175, 176, 177,213 Buryatia, 148, 156, 164, 212, 254, 255 281
282 Index complementarity, 119, 185. See also passionarity; Gumelev, Lev; Eurasianism conspiracy theories: in Soviet society, 17, 34, 36, 39, 50, 52, 66, 74n51, 97, 117; in KGB, 57; and ideology, 47, 48, 50, 194, 224; and cosmism, 95, 108; and Eurasianism, 111, 112, 113, 123, 126, 128; and Putin, 132, 133; in post-Soviet Russia, 136, 244, 245, 248, 252; in post-Soviet Kalmykia, 182, 203, 236 Covid-19, 239, 257 cosmism, Russian: as state ideology, 70, 71, 106; history of, 79-98; in Kalmykia, 98-102; in Buddhism, 102, 103; and science, xv, 103-107. Also see UFOs Cossacks, 54, 155, 157, 158, 165, 166 Crimea, 128, 136, 138, 147, 158, 165, 248, 258. See also Ukraine Dalai Lama, 156, 168n21, 181, 184, 207,213,219 Dawkins, Richard, 18, 224, 225, 267 de-Stalinization of society, 40, 43, 45, 60. See also Stalinism; totalitarianism developed communism, 24 developed socialism, 45, 58 Dorzhinov, Valeriy, 99, 100, 101 Dugin, Alexandr, 123-28 Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 57, 65. See also Cheka Elista, 99, 100, 101, 141, 147, 148, 150, 156, 161, 162, 163, 165, 172, 178, 179, 181, 184, 187, 195, 201, 202, 203, 207-210, 212, 214, 215, 218, 219, 222n9, 235, 238, 239, 251 Elistaev, Batr, 212, 213, 226. See also political technology Engels, Frederick, 23, 25, 29, 42, 49 Epstein, Mikhail, xxiinl, 50 ethnogenesis, theory of, 119, 121, 122, 196. See Gumilev, Lev Eurasianism: history of, 112-17; as a “science,” xv, 11, 111-12, 114, 115, 127, 140. See also 142n4; as a geopolitical and economic project, 127, 128, 131, 134; among Russian émigré in China, 116; in Kazakhstan, 122; in Kalmykia, 138-142
Experimental Creative Center, 64, 106, 124. See Kurginian, Sergey Ezhov, Nikolay, 33, 34 Fedorov, Nikolay, 85-86, 91, 96, 104, 105, 106 Ferguson, Niall, 14, 15. See networks and hierarchies, theory of FSB (Federal Security Service), 129, 131, 208, 209, 236, 237, 256. See also Cheka; NKVD; KGB field, ideological, 16, 17, 26, 29, 31, 32, 40, 41, 46, 64, 254 fields, theory of, 16, 17, 19, 26, 32, 64, 115, 228. See Bourdieu, Pierre Gagarin, Yuri, 43, 86, 93, 94 Gellner, Ernest, 47, 48, 224, 225 genetics, 37, 38, 39, 104 Georgia, 91, 126, 128, 131, 135, 165,266 Glushko, Valentin, 37, 86 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 58, 59-66, 98. See also perestroika Great Purge, 33, 37 gulag, 33, 34, 40, 52, 96, 119, 120, 159, 160, 175 Gumilev, Lev, 16, 111, 117-122 historiography: under Stalin, 35; Soviet, 61, 151; in Soviet Kalmykia, 161, 162; in post-Soviet Kalmykia, 152, 163, 164, 166, 167; in post-Soviet Russia, 151; and Eurasianism, 111, 115, 119, 127 Homo Sovieticus, 50, 67, 139, 248
Index horn effect, 217, 218. See also charisma ideology: function of, xvi-xvii; definitions of, xvi, xvii, 7; Marx’s understanding of, 24, 25; and technology, 20-21, 263-269; search in post-Soviet Kalmykia, 69-72, 234-35; connection with cosmology, 194; resurgent interest in, 244—47, 253, 254; pre-mortem analysis of, 251-54 ideology, bourgeois, 25, 49 ideology, digital, 268, 269 ideology, Soviet: connection with pseudoscience, xiv, xv, 10; functions of, xvii; Bolsheviks’ understanding of, 25, 26,27,28, 29; textbooks and definition of, 42-43, 46; organisations that maintained, 44, 63; as experience, 47-53, 225; nostalgia for, 250. See nostalgia Ilyin, Ivan, 136-37 Ilyin, Viktor, 55 Ilyumzhinov, Kirsan: biography of, 172-75, 177; as President of Kalmykia, xiii, xviii, xix, 177-84, 209, 210; as a charismatic leader, 181-82, 185-87; as a discredited politician, 209, 210, 211, 214-20; as President of FIDE, 181, 187, 208, 220, 221, 229 intelligentsia, 36-39,41, 62, 83, 93, 114, 122, 259 Iran, 68, 126, 133 Ivan the Terrible, 35, 154, 257 Ivanov, Vsevolod, 116 KGB (Committee for State Security), 53-56, 61, 65-67, 123, 124, 129, 131, 161, 162, 173, 177. See also Cheka; NKVD; FSB Kahneman, Daniel, 5, 21, 47, 48, 64, 99, 186, 225, 269. See prospect theory Kalmyk, etymology of, 154 283 Kalmyk State University, 101, 150, 152, 208,218,219 Kalmykia: general information, xvii, xviii, xix, 147-48, 207-9; population, xviii, 167nl; geographical imagination, 148-50, 165; search for identity, 138—41, 163-65; presidential elections, xviii, 178, 181, 184,212-14, 236, 237; early history, 152-58;
in Soviet times, 158-62, 169n32; post1991, 162-67; search for a state ideology, 71-74; post-Ilyumzhinov, 235-40; political opposition, 204, 214-17, 220. Kaluga, 83, 86, 89, 106, 112 Kashpirovsky, Anatoly, 174. Also see Chumak, Allan Kazakhstan, 122, 127, 131, 157, 169n32 Kerensky, Fyodor, 10, 11, 12 Khara-Davan, Erenzhen, 112,114, 115, 116, 120, 141, 158 Khasikov, Batu, 237-39 Khrushchev, Nikita, 40-44 Kirov, Sergey, 33 Kolesnik, Vladimir, 152,166, 167 Kornilov, Lavr, 11 Korolev, Sergey, 37, 86 Kurginian, Sergey, 124, 143. See Experimental Creative Center Kyrgyzstan, 122, 127, 131, 169n32 Lenin, Vladimir: looks, 8; genealogy of, 8, 158; biography of, 8-Ю, 57; as leader of the Soviet state, 30, 31-32; mausoleum, 40,250,251, 257; death, mummification, and cult of, 91, 184, 218, 250, 251. See also 109nl6 Liberal Democratic Party (LDPR), 64, 124 Litvinenko, Alexandr, 133, 144n39 Lysenko, Trofim, 39, 43, 44, 92 Mamleev, Yuri, 124, 125. See Yuzhinsky circle
284 Index marketplace of imagination, 17, 18, 19, 20, 48, 194, 224, 225 Marx, Carl, 23, 24, 25, 29, 42, 49 Marxism-Leninism. See ideology, Soviet Medvedev, Dmitry, 101, 134, 144n43, 220, 235, 236, 255, 258 meme, 7, 17, 18, 48, 143n39, 224, 225. See also marketplace of imagination; Dawkins, Richard Młynar, Zdenek, 60 Mongol Horde, 115, 118, 153, 154 Mongolia, xviii, 62, 96, 109nl6, 119, 126, 148, 152, 154, 179, 214, 255 Moonies (The Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity), 183 Morozov, Pavlik, 46 NKVD (People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs), 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 117, 257. See also Cheka; KGB; FSB National Idea, 69, 72, 244. See ideology Neizvestny, Ernst, 41, 163 networks and hierarchies, theory of, 14-15, 66, 116, 117, 153, 252. See Ferguson, Niall Nogays, 154, 166 nomenklatura 29, 36, 38, 55, 66 noosphere: Vernadsky’s definition of, 87, 88, 105, 109n34; Soviet conception of, 88; in popular culture, 88, 89, 101, 102, 104, 193; in Kalmyk state ideology, 198, 199. See also anthropocene nostalgia, 68, 230-235, 248, 250 Nuskhaev, Alexei, 195-97, 198, 202, 210, 226, 227, 228 oprichniki, 35. See also, Ivan the Terrible Ochirov, Valeriy, xviii Orlov, Alexei, 231, 235, 236, 237 Orthodox Church, 4, 28, 42, 90, 113, 182, 249 passionarity, 118, 119, 120,127,141, 185, 186, 187, 193, 196, 266. Also see charisma; Gumelev, Lev; Eurasianism patriotism: in pre-revolutionary Russia, 28; among early Bolsheviks, 2; under Stalin, 19, 35, 36,11; in Soviet society, 19, 34, 43, 48; in KGB, 56, 58; and cosmism, 81; and Eurasianism, 125, 128,196; in postSoviet
Kalmykia, 71, 164, 165, 166, 167, 213, 214, 234, 248; in postSoviet Russia, 123, 132, 135, 136, 243,246, 249, 251 Pavlovsky, Gleb, 130, 131, 133, 135, 212, 253, 258 perestroika, 59-67, 70, 72, 97, 101, 122, 124, 148, 173, 174, 176, 182, 213, 231, 232. See also Gorbachev, Mikhail Peter the Great, 35, 83, 113, 156, 259 political technology, 130,183, 184, 212, 213, 214. See also Pavlovsky, Gleb; Surkov, Vladislav; Elistaev, Batr Politkovskaya, Anna, 132, 133, 144n39 proletarian internationalism, 27, 28, 31 prospect theory, 5-6, 47,48, 64, 225, 228, 230, 231, 264, 269. See Kahneman, Daniel Provisional Government, 8-12, 28 psychoanalysis, 37 Pussy Riot, rock band, 134, 165, 249, 250 Putin, Spiridon, 31 Putin, Vladimir: biography of, 128-29; interest in a state ideology, xiii, 132, 244, 245, 247, 258; interest in becoming a KGB operative, 58; as a KGB operative, 129; as (deputy) mayor of St Petersburg, 129, 176, 258; as a former KGB operative, 53, 59, 130, 131, 132, 136; 2000 elections, 59, 129, 130; 2012 elections, 134, 144n43; reaction to 9/11,131; disillusionment
Index with the West, 131, 133, 134; and Eurasianism, 127, 131, 134, 136, 244, 266; view of Ilyin’s ideas, 137; and Orthodox Church, 249, 250; as President of Russia, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133, 136, 209, 216, 237, 244, 249, 251, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259; as Prime Minister, 129, 130,134,135, 247; and FIDE elections, 221, 222nll; popularity in Russia, 243, 247, 252; image in Kalmykia, 216, 233, 238, 239 Pyurveev, Jangar, 101,107, 138 Red Terror, 30-31, 117 Russian Doctrine, 245^47 Russo-Chechen Wars, 68, 129, 165,255,256 Ryzhkov, Nikolay, 58, 64 Sandzhiev, Dmitry, 101,102 Satarov, Georgy, 67, 68, 69 Savitsky, Petr, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120 science and pseudoscience, xiv, xv, xvi Scott, James, 95, 96 Secretary for Ideology: in the Soviet Union, 44, 54, 59, 61; in post-Soviet Kalmykia, 196, 197, 210, 211 sharashka, 37. See gulag Silver Age, of Russia, xv, 112, 113, 114, 118, 181, 182 Skuratov, Sergey, 129 Slavophiles, xiv, 113, 114. See also Westernizers Smirnova, Anna, 8, 158. See also Lenin, Vladimir social media, 21,135, 239, 264, 265, 270 Socialist realism, 38, 39, 95 Solovyev, Vladimir, 96, 113,114, 182 sovereign democracy, 245, 246, 247. See Surkov, Vladislav Soviet dissidents, 52, 53, 54, 55, 66, 123, 130, 150 285 Soviet space dogs, 94, 218 Soviet youth, 51, 52 Stalin, Joseph, 31-36, 38-39, 42, 57, 65,91,92, 151, 175,243,257 Stalinism, 31-39 Stalin Prize, 37, 88 State ideology of Kalmykia: textbook of, 197-201; how it was promulgated, 201-204; analysis of, 225, 226, 229; repudiation of, 226-30. Stierlitz, 58, 59 structomenon, 266, 267, 269n7 Surkov, Vladislav,
212, 221nl, 238, 245, 246, 258. See also political technology; sovereign democracy Suslov, Mikhail, 40, 44, 53, 54, 60 Susskind, Jamie, 21, 47 Syria, 138, 171, 220, 256 Tatarstan, 68, 122 Tereshkova, Valentina, xii, 257 Timofeev-Ressovsky, Nikolay, 120 totalitarianism, 27, 33, 34, 67, 96, 263, 268, 269. See also Stalinism; Stalin, Joseph troika tribunals, 32, 65 Trotsky, Leon, 8, 10, 11, 12,16, 31,32,33 Trubetskoy, Nikolay, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117 Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin, 86-87, 89, 96, 104, 105, 106, 108 Turner, Victor, 139 UFOs, 80, 92-95, 97, 100, 102, 174. Also see aliens, cosmic Ukraine, 65, 126, 128, 131, 132, 135, 138, 165, 237, 238, 250, 256, 266. See also Crimea Vernadsky, Georgy, 112,114, 115, 120 Vernadsky, Vladimir, 87-88, 89,104, 105, 106, 108, 196, 198, 201 Victory Parade, 251, 252, 257
286 vory, 52-53, 56, 175, 176 Weber, Max, 184, 185, 186, 217. See charisma Westernizers, 113, 259. See also Slavophiles Yagoda, Genrikh, 33, 34 Yakovlev, Alexandr, 61, 98, 123 Yeltsin, Boris: 1991 elections, 65; 1996 elections, 68, 69, 130; as a politician, 65, 66, 67, 101, 125, 129, Index 244, 251, 255; and Putin, 129, 253, 258; and psychics, 174; attempt at a state ideology, xi, 69, 72; era of democracy, xiii, xviii, 59, 68,125, 131, 136, 176,212, 230, 231,233, 248, 250, 251,259 Yurchak, Alexei, 49, 51 Yuzhinsky circle, 123, 124. See Mamleev, Yuri Zigel, Felix, 94, 97 |
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| author | Terbish, Baasanjav |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1245307223 |
| author_facet | Terbish, Baasanjav |
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| bvnumber | BV048200481 |
| contents | Ideology -- Soviet ideology -- Russian cosmism -- Eurasianism -- Kalmykia and its history -- Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, the nebulous savior -- Ideology of wisdom -- Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, the fallen angel -- Why do people still need ideology? -- What's next? -- Digital ideologies? |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1322806819 (DE-599)BVBBV048200481 |
| era | Geschichte 1920-2020 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1920-2020 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Kalmückien (DE-588)4232481-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Kalmückien |
| id | DE-604.BV048200481 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T19:46:30Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:31:49Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781666905687 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033581510 |
| oclc_num | 1322806819 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 |
| physical | xxii, 287 Seiten 5 Illustrationen (schwarz-weiß) |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220701 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Lexington Books |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Terbish, Baasanjav Verfasser (DE-588)1245307223 aut State ideology, science, and pseudoscience in Russia between the cosmos and the Earth Baasanjav Terbish Between the cosmos and the Earth Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London Lexington Books [2022] © 2022 xxii, 287 Seiten 5 Illustrationen (schwarz-weiß) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ideology -- Soviet ideology -- Russian cosmism -- Eurasianism -- Kalmykia and its history -- Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, the nebulous savior -- Ideology of wisdom -- Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, the fallen angel -- Why do people still need ideology? -- What's next? -- Digital ideologies? "Russia is defined by its past legacies, including Soviet state ideology and the intellectual movements of Russian cosmism and Eurasianism. This book recounts the histories of these legacies and the ongoing search for a unifying state-controlled narrative in contemporary Russia, drawing on the evolution of ideas across time and space"-- Geschichte 1920-2020 gnd rswk-swf Eurasismus (DE-588)7569002-0 gnd rswk-swf Marxismus-Leninismus (DE-588)4037765-9 gnd rswk-swf Kosmismus (DE-588)7701950-7 gnd rswk-swf Kalmückien (DE-588)4232481-6 gnd rswk-swf Philosophy, Russian / History Eurasian school / Philosophy Cosmology / Philosophy Pseudoscience / Soviet Union Pseudoscience / Russia (Federation) / History Ideology / Political aspects / Soviet Union Ideology / Political aspects / Russia (Federation) Kalmykii͡a (Russia) / History / 21st century Cosmology Philosophie russe / Histoire Eurasianisme / Philosophie Cosmologie Parasciences / URSS. Parasciences / Russie / Histoire Idéologie / Aspect politique / URSS. Idéologie / Aspect politique / Russie cosmology Ideology / Political aspects Philosophy, Russian Pseudoscience Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) / Kalmykii͡a Soviet Union 2000-2099 History (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Kalmückien (DE-588)4232481-6 g Marxismus-Leninismus (DE-588)4037765-9 s Kosmismus (DE-588)7701950-7 s Eurasismus (DE-588)7569002-0 s Geschichte 1920-2020 z DE-604 Online version 9781666905694 Terbish, Baasanjav State ideology, science, and pseudoscience in Russia Lanham : Lexington Books, [2022] Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033581510&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033581510&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033581510&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Terbish, Baasanjav State ideology, science, and pseudoscience in Russia between the cosmos and the Earth Ideology -- Soviet ideology -- Russian cosmism -- Eurasianism -- Kalmykia and its history -- Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, the nebulous savior -- Ideology of wisdom -- Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, the fallen angel -- Why do people still need ideology? -- What's next? -- Digital ideologies? Eurasismus (DE-588)7569002-0 gnd Marxismus-Leninismus (DE-588)4037765-9 gnd Kosmismus (DE-588)7701950-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)7569002-0 (DE-588)4037765-9 (DE-588)7701950-7 (DE-588)4232481-6 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | State ideology, science, and pseudoscience in Russia between the cosmos and the Earth |
| title_alt | Between the cosmos and the Earth |
| title_auth | State ideology, science, and pseudoscience in Russia between the cosmos and the Earth |
| title_exact_search | State ideology, science, and pseudoscience in Russia between the cosmos and the Earth |
| title_exact_search_txtP | State ideology, science, and pseudoscience in Russia between the cosmos and the Earth |
| title_full | State ideology, science, and pseudoscience in Russia between the cosmos and the Earth Baasanjav Terbish |
| title_fullStr | State ideology, science, and pseudoscience in Russia between the cosmos and the Earth Baasanjav Terbish |
| title_full_unstemmed | State ideology, science, and pseudoscience in Russia between the cosmos and the Earth Baasanjav Terbish |
| title_short | State ideology, science, and pseudoscience in Russia |
| title_sort | state ideology science and pseudoscience in russia between the cosmos and the earth |
| title_sub | between the cosmos and the Earth |
| topic | Eurasismus (DE-588)7569002-0 gnd Marxismus-Leninismus (DE-588)4037765-9 gnd Kosmismus (DE-588)7701950-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Eurasismus Marxismus-Leninismus Kosmismus Kalmückien Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033581510&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033581510&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033581510&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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