Constructing identities over time: "bad gypsies" and "good roma" in Russia and Hungary
"Jekatyerina Dunajeva explores how two dominant stereotypes-"bad Gypsies" and "good Roma"-took hold in formal and informal educational institutions in Russia and Hungary. She shows that over centuries "Gypsies" came to be associated with criminality, lack of educat...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Budapest ; New York
Central European University Press
2021
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Critical Romani studies book series
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Jekatyerina Dunajeva explores how two dominant stereotypes-"bad Gypsies" and "good Roma"-took hold in formal and informal educational institutions in Russia and Hungary. She shows that over centuries "Gypsies" came to be associated with criminality, lack of education, and backwardness. The second notion, of proud, empowered, and educated "Roma," is a more recent development. By identifying five historical phases-pre-modern, early-modern, early and "ripe" communism, and neomodern nation-building-the book captures crucial legacies that deepen social divisions and normalize the constructed group images. The analysis of the state-managed Roma identity project in the brief korenizatsija program for the integration of non-Russian nationalities into the Soviet civil service in the 1920s is particularly revealing, while the critique of contemporary endeavors is a valuable resource for policy makers and civic activists alike. The top-down view is complemented with the bottom-up attention to everyday Roma voices. Personal stories reveal how identities operate in daily life, as Dunajeva brings out hidden narratives and subaltern discourse. Her handling of fieldwork and self-reflexivity is a model of sensitive research with vulnerable groups"-- |
| Beschreibung: | xiii, 223 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9789633864159 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV047955680 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20220708 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 220426s2021 a||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9789633864159 |c hbk. |9 978-963-386415-9 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1334018660 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV047955680 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 | ||
| 084 | |a OST |q DE-12 |2 fid | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Dunajeva, Jekatyerina |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1259931722 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Constructing identities over time |b "bad gypsies" and "good roma" in Russia and Hungary |c Jekatyerina Dunajeva |
| 264 | 1 | |a Budapest ; New York |b Central European University Press |c 2021 | |
| 300 | |a xiii, 223 Seiten |b Illustrationen | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Critical Romani studies book series | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "Jekatyerina Dunajeva explores how two dominant stereotypes-"bad Gypsies" and "good Roma"-took hold in formal and informal educational institutions in Russia and Hungary. She shows that over centuries "Gypsies" came to be associated with criminality, lack of education, and backwardness. The second notion, of proud, empowered, and educated "Roma," is a more recent development. By identifying five historical phases-pre-modern, early-modern, early and "ripe" communism, and neomodern nation-building-the book captures crucial legacies that deepen social divisions and normalize the constructed group images. The analysis of the state-managed Roma identity project in the brief korenizatsija program for the integration of non-Russian nationalities into the Soviet civil service in the 1920s is particularly revealing, while the critique of contemporary endeavors is a valuable resource for policy makers and civic activists alike. The top-down view is complemented with the bottom-up attention to everyday Roma voices. Personal stories reveal how identities operate in daily life, as Dunajeva brings out hidden narratives and subaltern discourse. Her handling of fieldwork and self-reflexivity is a model of sensitive research with vulnerable groups"-- | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kulturelle Identität |0 (DE-588)4033542-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Zigeuner |0 (DE-588)4067777-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Roma |g Volk |0 (DE-588)4050473-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Stereotyp |0 (DE-588)4057329-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Schule |0 (DE-588)4053474-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Ungarn |0 (DE-588)4078541-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Russland |0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Romanies / Russia (Federation) / History | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Romanies / Hungary / History | |
| 653 | 2 | |a Romanies / Ethic identity / History | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Tsiganes / Russie / Histoire | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Tsiganes / Hongrie / Histoire | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Romanies | |
| 653 | 2 | |a Hungary | |
| 653 | 2 | |a Russia (Federation) | |
| 653 | 6 | |a History | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Russland |0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Ungarn |0 (DE-588)4078541-5 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Zigeuner |0 (DE-588)4067777-1 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Roma |g Volk |0 (DE-588)4050473-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Stereotyp |0 (DE-588)4057329-1 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 5 | |a Schule |0 (DE-588)4053474-1 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 6 | |a Geschichte |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Russland |0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |D g |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Ungarn |0 (DE-588)4078541-5 |D g |
| 689 | 1 | 2 | |a Roma |g Volk |0 (DE-588)4050473-6 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 3 | |a Kulturelle Identität |0 (DE-588)4033542-2 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe, ebk. |z 978-963-386416-6 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033336966&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033336966&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Literaturverzeichnis |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 940 | 1 | |q BSB_NED_20220708 | |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033336966 | ||
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 909.0491497 |e 22/bsb |g 947.08 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 909.0491497 |e 22/bsb |g 471 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 370.9 |e 22/bsb |g 471 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 909.0491497 |e 22/bsb |g 439 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 370.9 |e 22/bsb |g 439 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804183641439338496 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents List of Tables................................................................................................... ¡x Acknowledgments........................................................................................... xi Parti Introduction Chapter 1 Author’s Purpose............................................................................................. 3 Personal Note......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Roma and Romani Studies.................................................................................................................................... 8 Notes on Methodology........................................................................................................................................... 11 Structure and Subject of the Book....................................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 2 Theories and Concepts—State, Nation, and Identity 21 Homogenization Efforts During State and Nation Building................................................................................ 21 Managing the Population and Classifying Identities........................................................................................... 26 Comparative and Historical Study: Roma In Hungary and Russia throughout Time...................................... 30 Part II Bad Gypsies and Good Roma in Historical Perspective Chapter 3 Early Nation and State Building in Empires
37 Early State and Nation Building: Control over the “Other”................................................................................ 37 Enduring “Backwardness”.................................................................................................................................... 51 Chapter 4 The End of Empires 55 The End of Empires: World War One and the 1917 Revolution........................................................................ 56 Soviet Nativization Policies in the 1920s and ’30s............................................................................................ 60 Hungary After the Treaty of Trianon..................................................................................................................... 73 A Note on the Holocaust........................................................................................................................................ 80 Chapter 5 State Socialism (1945-1989) 83 Assimilationist Campaigns.................................................................................................................................... 84 Political Education in State-Socialist Schools..................................................................................................... 92 Categorization of Roma: Legacies of Socialist Identity Politics and Critical Voices....................................... 96
Part III Contemporary Identity Formation Chapter 6 Fieldwork.................................................................................................................... юз Fieldwork and Positionality.......................................................................................................................... 103 Ethnography: Ethics, Reflexivity, and Positionality....................................................................................... 107 Chapter 7 “Bad Gypsies”—Negotiation of Identities in Primary Schools из Neo-Modern State Building: National Revival and Patriotic Youth................................................................ 114 Bad Gypsies in Segregated Schools........................................................................................................... 119 Disciplining Bad Gypsies in Classrooms....................................................................................................... 130 Reproducing and Contesting Stereotypes................................................................................................... 138 Chapter 8 Making Good Roma from Bad Gypsies 145 Contemporary Antigypsyism........................................................................................................................146 Pro-Roma Civil Society’s Roots, Goals, and Projects................................................................................... 149 Negotiation of Identity and Non-state Actors................................................................................................ 152
Chapter 9 Negotiating Identity 16З Identity Struggles.......................................................................................................................................... 164 Identity and Belonging................................................................................................................................. 169 Kinship and Community................................................................................................................................ 175 Part IV Concluding Remarks Chapter 10 Summary and Best Practices 187 Best Practices.......... 1................................................................................................................................... 189 References.................................................................................................................. 197 Index............................................................................................................................ 217
References Abramenko, О., and S. Kulaeva. 2013. История и культура цыган (History and culture of Gypsies). Saint Petersburg: Memorial. ADC Memorial. 2010. Official website, https://adcmemorial.org/en/about-adc/. Adcock, Robert. 2006. “Generalization in Comparative and Historical Social Science: The
Dif ference That Interpretivism Makes.” In Interpretation and Method: Empirical Research Methods and the Interpretive Turn, edited by Dvora Yanow and Peregrine Schwartz-Shea, 50-66. New York: Μ.E. Sharpe. AiF (Argumenti i Fakti). 2012. “Владимир Путин раскритиковал учебники по истории” [Putin
criticized history textbooks], February 13. https://aif.ru/politics/world/2713o8. Amelin, V. V. 2013. “Цыганский вопрос’ в общественно-политической жизни стран Запада и России” [The “Gypsy question” in Socio-political Life of the West and Russia). In Цыгане в оренбургском социуме [Gypsies in
Orenburg], 3-5. Orenburg: ООО ИПК “Университет.” https://www.osu.ru/sites/niisu/docs/gipsy.pdf. Amit, Vered, ed. 2000. Constructing the Field: Ethnographic Fieldwork in the Contemporary World. London: Routledge. Anderson, Benedict. 1983. Imagined Communities. New York: Verso. Andi, Helga. 2015.
“Undergraduate research at Wlislocki Henrik Student College.” Pomolo gia 3 (10): 97-105. Arató, Mátyás. 2013. “A beás nyelvjáráskutatás előzetes tapasztalatai” [Preliminary findings on Boyash linguistical research], Gypsy Studies 30, 47-63.
https://nevtud.btk.pte.hu/sites/nevtud.btk.pte.hu/files/files/akonferenciakotet_kesz.pdf. Arendt, Hannah. 1963. Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality ofEvil. New
York: Penguin Books. Arnold, P., R. Ágyas, G. Héra, I. Katona, J. Kiss, Z. Mészáros, J. Péter, A. Pletser, A. Rácz, G. Rostás, and A. Szépe. 2011. Evaluation Research ofRomaversitas Hungary: Final Study. Budapest: Kurt Lewin Foundation. Aust, Martin. 2016. “Russia and Europe (15 47-1917).” European History Online (EGO), http:// www.ieg-ego.eu/austm-2015-en. Auty, Robert, and Dimitri Obolensky. 1976. Companion to Russian Studies: Volume 1: An Intro duction to Russian History. New York: Cambridge University Press. Azrael, Jeremy R. 1972. “Education and Political Development in the Soviet Union.” ІпЛТля, State, and Society in the Soviet Union, edited by Joseph L. Nogee, 317-335. New York: Prae ger Pubishers. Bábosik, Zoltán. 2009. “A magyarországi cigányság oktatása történeti megközelítésben” [His tory of schooling of Hungarian Gypsies], In Megismerés és elfogadás: Pedagógiai kihívások és roma közösségek a 21. század iskolájában [Getting to know and accepting: Pedagogical chal- 197
References lenges and Roma in twenty-first century schools], edited by Ernő Kállai and László Kovács, 175-192. Budapest: Nyitott Könyvműhely. Babusik, Ferenc. 1000. Az iskolai hatékonyság kulcstényezői a romák oktatásában [Key determi nants in school effectiveness of educating Roma]. Budapest: Delphoi Consulting. Balkányi, Nóra, and Krisztián В. Simon. 2014. “Az Ilonát sokkal nehezebb gyűlölni mint a cigányt.” VS, June 7. https://vs.hu/mind/osszes/az-ilonat-sokkal-nehezebb-gyulolni-minta-ciganyt-o6o7#!so. Balogh, Lídia H. 1012. “Minority Cultural Rights or an Excuse for Segregation? Roma Minor ity Education in Hungary.” In Education Policy and Equal Education Opportunities, edited by Daniel Pop, 207-222. New York: Open Society Foundations. Bancrof, Angus. 2005. Roma and Gypsy-Travellers in Europe: Modernity, Race, Space, and Exclu sion. London: Ashgate Pub Ltd. Barany, Zoltan. 2000. “Politics and the Roma in State-Socialist Eastern Europe.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 33: 421-437. --------- . 2002. The East European Gypsies: Regime Change, Marginality, and Ethnopolitics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bari, Bence. 2016. “From Theory to Practice: The New Europe and National Self- Determina tion in the First World War (1916-1920).” BROJ 8: 83-93. Bársony, János, and Agnes Daróczi. 2008. Pharrajimos: lhe Fate ofthe Roma during the Holo caust. New York: IDebate Press. Bartash, Volha. 2015. “The Sédentarisation of Roma in the Soviet Union after 1956: A Case Study from the Former Belarussian Soviet Socialist Republic.” Romani Studies 25 (1): 23-51.
Beissinger, Mark R. 2002. Nationalist Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State. Cam bridge: Cambridge University Press. Bekus, Nelly. 2013. Struggle over Identity: The Official and the Alternative “Belarusianness.”bu dapest: CEU Press. Bendix, Reinhard. 1964. Nation-Building and Citizenship. New York: John Wiley Sons. Berger, Peter L., and Thomas Luckmann. 1967. The Social Construction ofReality. New York: Penguin Books. Bessonov, Nikolay Vladislavovich. 2010. “Патриотизм цыган Союза ССР в годы Великой Отечественной войны” [Patriotism of Gypsies in the USSR and during the Great Patriotic War]. In Патриотизм—составляющая государственной национальной политики России: теория, практика [Patriotism as part of the nationality policy of Russia: theory and practice], 191-209. Moscow: Институт Российской истории PAH (Institute of Rus sian History, Russian Academy of Sciences). Bevir, Mark. 2006. “How Narratives Explain. In Interpretation and Method: Empirical Re search Methods and the Interpretive Turn, edited by Dvora Yanow and Peregrine SchwartzShea, 281-290. New York: M.E. Sharpe. Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit. 2012. “Why Bilinguals Are Smarter.” New York Times. March 18. https://www.nytimes.com/2o12/o3/18/opinion/sunday/the-benefits-of-bilingualism.html . Bilinsky, Yaroslav. 1981. “Expanding the Use of Russian or Russification? Some Critical Thoughts on Russian as a Lingua Franca and the ‘Language of Friendship and Cooperation of the Peoples of the USSR.’” Russian Review 40 (3): 317-332. Binder, Mátyás. 2009. “Beások, etnikai mobilizáció és identitás” [The Boyash: Ethnic
Mobilizaton and Identity}. Kisebbségkutatás 18 (2). --------- . 2018. Roma/cigány társadalomtörténet a іў. század végétől napjainkig. Módszertani se gédlet az Uccu Alapítvány foglalkozásaihoz, Budapest: UCCU Alapítvány. 198
References --------- , and Dóra Pálos. 2016. “Romák a kerettantervekben és a kísérleti tankönyvekben” [Roma in curricula and experimental textbooks]. Budapest: Chance for Children Foun dation. http.7/cfcf.hu/sites/default/files/Binder%2oPálos%2o-%2oROMA.TK.KUT.%2o 2016_0.pdf. Blomqvist, Anders E. B. 2014. “Economic Nationalizing in the Ethnic Borderlands of Hungary and Romania: Inclusion, Exclusion and Annihilation in Szatmár/Satu-Mare 1867-1944.” PhD diss., Stockholm University. Bogdán, Mária, Jekatyerina Dunajeva, Timea Junghaus, Angela Kóczé, Márton Rövid, Iulius Rostas, Andrew Ryder, Marek Szilvási, and Marius Taba. 2015. “Nothing About Us With out Us?”Journal ofthe European Roma Rights Centre 2. Bogdán, Péter. 2015. “Cigány gyerekek a Köznevelés című folyóirat 1983 és 1987 között megjelent cikkeinek tükrében.” REGIO 23 (4): 80-114. Bogdanov, A. P. 1877. Materiały dlya izuchenia tsygan v antropologicheskom otnoshenii [Materi als for the study of Gypsies in anthropology]. Moscow: Tipografiya Μ. N. Lavrova, http:// 0iks.rsl.ru/0mekaP0rtal/files/0riginal/104fe47c402df896dc74b22fe98d4339.pdf. Boli, John, Francisco O. Ramirez, and John W. Meyer. 1985. “Explaining the Origins and Ex pansion of Mass Education.” Comparative Education Review 29 (z): 145-170. Boli, John. 1989. New Citizensfor a New Society: The Institutional Origins ofMass Schooling in Sweden. Oxford: Pergamon. BOON (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén megyei hírportál). 2018. “Hegedűvel és puskával jártak a Nagy Háborúban.” September 7. https://boon.hu/helyi-kozelet/hegeduvel-es-puskaval-jartak-anagy-haboruban-2318467/.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1999. “Rethinking the State: Genesis and Structure of the Bureaucratic Field.” In State/culture: State-formation After the Cultural Turn, edited by George Steinmetz, 5375. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Bowden, Rob. 1998. “Children, Power and Participatory Research in Uganda.” In Stepping For ward: Children and Young People’s Participation in the Development Process edited by Victo ria Johnson, Edda Ivan-Smith, Gill Gordon, Pat Pridmore, and Patta Scott, 281-283. Lon don: Intermediate Technology. Braham, Randolph L. 1970. Education in the Hungarian People’s Republic. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D.C., US. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED039635.pdf. Brooks, Jeffrey. 2000. Thank You, Comrade Stalin! Soviet Public Culturefrom Revolution to the Cold War. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Brubaker, Roger. 1996. “Nationalizing States in the old ‘New Europe’—and the New.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 19 (2): 411-437. --------- . 2011. “Nationalizing States Revisited: Projects and Processes of Nationalization in Post-Soviet States.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 34 (11): 1785-1814. Bruter, Michael. 2005. Citizens ofEurope? The Emergence of a Mass European Identity. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Bugay, N. F. 2015. “Забытые страницы жизни сообщества цыган в Союзе ССР: 19301960-е годы” [Forgotten pages of life of the Roma community in the Soviet Union in 19301960]. Приволжский научный вестник [Volga region scientific review] 7 (47): 46-65. Burton, Linda. 2007. “Childhood Adultification in Economically Disadvantaged Families: A
Conceptual Model.” Family Relations 56 (4): 329-45. Chae, Mark H. 2001. “Gender and Ethnicity in Identity Formation.” The NewJersey Journal of Professional Counseling 56: 17-23. Cherenkov, Lev. 2011. Цыгане Москвы и Подмосковья. [Gypsies in Moscow and the Moscow region], http://www.el-history.ru/node/12o9 . 199
References Chernykh, Alexander. 2.018. “Цыгане-кэлдэрары в России во второй половине XIX начале XX века” [Kalderash Gypsies in Russia during the second half of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century]. Вестник Пермского Университета [Perm Uni versityjournal], Հ40): 138-J48. Cohen, Gary B. 2007. “Nationalist Politics and the Dynamics of State and Civil Society in the Habsburg Monarchy, 1867-1914.” Central European History 40 (2): 2.41-78. Conversi, Daniele. 2007. “Homogenisation, Nationalism and War: Should we Still Read Ernest Gellner?” Nations and Nationalism 13: 371-394. --------- . 2010. “Cultural Homogenization, Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide.” In The International Studies Encyclopedia, edited by Robert A. Denemark, 719-742. Boston: Wiley-Blackwell. Council of Europe. 1993. “Recommendation 1203 (1993)” Gypsies in Europe. http://assembly. coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-EN.asp?fileid=i5237 lang=en. Critical Romani Studies Journal. Accessed February 14, 2021. https://crs.ceu.edu/index.php/ crs/about. Crowe, David. 1994. A History ofthe Gypsies ofEastern Europe and Russia. New York: St. Mar tin’s Press. Csepeli, György, and Antal Örkény. 1996. “The Changing Facets of Hungarian Nationalism.” Social Research 61 (f): 247-86. CSCE (Commission Security and Cooperation in Europe). 2014. “Statement on Russian NGO ADC Memorial.” April 11. https://www.csce.gov/international-impact/press-and-media/ press-releases/statement-russian-ngo-adc-memorial. Czopp, A. Μ., A. C. Kay, and S. Cheryan. 2015. “Positive Stereotypes Are Pervasive and Power ful.” Perspectives on
Psychological Science 10 (4): 451-63. Dallin, David J. i959.“The Main Traits of Soviet Empire-Building.” The Russian Review 18 (1): 3-13. Darden, Keith, and Anna Grzymala-Busse. 2006. “The Great Divide: Literacy, Nationalism, and the Communist Collapse.” World Politics 59: 83-115. Demeter, Nadezhda, N. Bessonov, and V. Kutenkov. iooo.Istoriya Tsygan: Novyj Vzglyad [История цыган: новый взгляд]. Voronezh: Rossijskaja AkademiaNauk [Russian Academy of Sciences]. Demeter, N., and A. V. Chernykh. 2018. Tsygane [Gypsies]. Moscow: Nauka. Demeter, N. 2005. Interview on Echo of Moscow radio station, https://echo.msk.ru/programs/ exit/36375/ --------- . 2014. Образование как способинтергации цыган вроссийское общество [Education as a tool of integration of Roma in the Russian society]. Moscow: ELKONA-expert. Derdák, Tibor, and Aranka Varga. 1996. “Az iskola nyelvezete—idegen nyelv.” Új Pedagógiai Szemle 12. Deutsch, Karl. 1969. Nationalism and Its Alternatives. New York: Random House. DeWalt, Kathleen Μ., and DeWalt, Billie R. 2002. Participant observation: A guide forfield workers. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira. Diamond, Larry. 1999. Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation. Baltimore: Johns Hop kins University Press. Dudarova, N. A. 1932. Амари буты [Amari buty]. Moscow: Uchpedgiz, 1932. Book accessed from the Russian State Library (Khimki, Russia). --------- . 1933. Аваса лылваренса: Букваре ваш барэ манушэнгэ [ABC Book with Illustra tions: Reader for Adults], Moscow: Uchpedgiz. Book accessed from the Russian State Li brary (Khimki, Russia). --------- . 1934. Букварье: ваш
начально школа [ABC book: your primary school]. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe uchebno-pedagogicheskoe izdatelstvo. Book accessed from the Russian State Library (Khimki, Russia). 200
References Dunai, Marton. 2020. “Hungarian Teachers Say New School Curriculum Pushes Nationalist Ideology.” Reuters, Februaruy 4. https://uk.reuters.com/article /us-hungary-politics-teachers-protests/hungarian-teachers-say-new-school-curriculum-pushes-nationalist-ideologyidUSKBNiZYz8Y. Dunajeva, Jekatyerina, and Heather Tidrick. 1015. “Roma/Gypsy Youth Empowerment and Romani Language: Case Study of Hungary.” The Journal ofthe International Networkfor Prevention of Child Maltreatment’s Special Edition of Today’s Children are Tomorrow’s Par ents, 7-22. Dunajeva, Jekatyerina, and Dmitriy Dunaev. 2019. “The Question of National Self-Determina tion after World War I: Nation and State Building Efforts in the Soviet Union.” Paper pre sented at the 5th NISE Conference The Politics ofDifference in 1919 Europe: Minorities and Border Populations, Warsaw, Poland. Dunajeva, Jekatyerina and Violeta Vajda. 2021. “Positionality and Fieldwork: Participatory Re search with Roma” In The SAGE Handbook ofParticipatory Research and Enquiry, 55, ed ited by Danny Burns, Jo Howard and Sonia Ospina, 234-247. London: SAGE Publications. Dunajeva, Jekatyerina. 2017. “Education of Roma Youth in Hungary: Schools, Identities and Belonging.” European Education 49 (1): 56-70. --------- . 2019. “Power Hierarchies Between the Researcher and Informants: Critical Obser vations During Fieldwork in a Roma Settlement.” Critical Romani Studies Journal 2 (1): 124-143· --------- . 2020. “Roma Holocaust in Hungary: Importance and implications of Roma resistance” in Re-thinking Roma resistance throughout history:
Recounting stories ofstrength and bravery, edited by Anna Mirga-Kruszelnicka and Jekatyerina Dunajeva. Berlin: ERIAC. --------- . 2021a. “Othering Through Textbooks: Teaching about Roma in Contemporary Hun gary.” In Teachingabout “Invisible Others.”The Central andEast Europeanperspective, edited by Katarzyna Górak-Sosnowska and Urszula Markowska-Manista. --------- . 2021b. Trans-border Solidarity: Romani Movement towards a Stronger Europe. “Europe talks solidarity” Project, Vienna: European Solidarity Corps Resource Centre. --------- . 202 ie. “From ‘Unsettled Fortune-tellers’ to Socialist Workers: Education Policies and Roma in Early Soviet Union.” In Social and Economic Vulnerability ofRoma People, edited by Maria Manuela Mendes, Olga Magano and Stefánia Toma, 65-77. New York: Springer. Dupcsik, Csaba. 2009. A magyarországi cigányság története: Történelem a cigánykutatások tükrében, 1890-2008 (History of Hungary’s Gypsies: History through Romology, 18902008). Budapest: Osiris. --------- . 2018. “A magyarországi cigányok/romák a hétköznapi is a tudományos diskurzusok tükrében.” Szociológiai Tanulmányok 1. Edwards, Bob, Michael W. Foley, and Mario Dian. 2001. Beyond Tocqueville: Civil Society and the Social Capital Debate in Comparative Perspective. Hanover: University Press of New England. Egan, Kieran. 1989. “Reviewed Work: Perceptions of History. An Analysis of School Textbooks by Volker R. Berghahn, Hanna Schissler.” History and Theory 28 (3): 366-372. Eliason, Antonia. 2017. “With No Deliberate Speed: The Segregation of Roma Children in Eu rope.” DukeJournal of
Comparative International Law zy: 191-241. Emerson, R. Μ., R. I. Fretz, and L. L. Shaw. 1995. Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Esztergom és vidéke. 1938 March 6. Accessed from the National Educational Library and Mu seum in Budapest. European Commission, n.d. “Stories about Roma People: Stopping Discrimination against Roma.” 201
References --------- . 2014. “Education is the only way out of poverty and exclusion for Roma.” April 3. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_14_37o . European Roma Institute for Arts and Culture (ERIAC). Accessed November 4, zozo, https:// eriac.org/about-eriac/ . European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC). гасу. In Search ofHappy Gypsies Persecution ofPariah Minorities in Russia. Country Reports Series 14, Budapest: ERRC. European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, zoiz. “Roma Housing Projects in Small Communities, Slovakia.” In Eastern European Roma: Mobility, Discrimination, Solutions, edited by Anca Pusca, 155-183. Brussels: International Debate Education Association. European Parliament, n.d. “Anti-Discrimination Centre Memorial (ADC Memorial). Increasing discrimination and illegal persecutions in Russia.” Accessed February zo, Z014. https://www. europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/zoo9_2.o14/documents/droi/dv/4_3_antidiscrmemorial_/ 4_3_antidiscrmemorial_en.pdf. Fábiánné Andrónyi, Katalin, ed. n.d. Romológiai ismeretek. Budapest: Pázmány Péter Catho lic University. Federal Archive Agency, zoio. “Gosudarstvennaya programma ‘Patrioticheskoe vospitanie grazhdan Rossisjoj Federatsii na Z011-Z015 gody” [State program’ Patriotic Education of citizens ofthe Russian Federation for 2011-2015]. October 5. https://archives.gov.ru/index. php?q=programs/patriot_zoi5.shtml. Federal Drug Control Service of Russia, zon. “Информационно-аналитическая справка о наркоситуации в Российской Федерации и результатах борьбы с незаконным обо ротом наркотиков в январе-июне zoii года”
[Informational and analytical study about narcotics intheRussianFederationasaresultofthefightagainstnarcoticstradeinJanuary-June of zoii]. Accessed February 14, Z014. http://fskn.g0v.ru/pages/main/prevent/3939/405z/ print.shtml. Fedyshyn, Oleh. 1967. “Khrushchev’s “Leap Forward”: National Assimilation in the USSR after Stalin.” The Southwestern Social Science ¿Quarterly 48 (1): 34-43. Fehér, György. 1993. The Gyspies of Hungary. New York: Human Rights Watch (Helsinki Watch). Edited by Holly Cartner, and Lois Whitman. Feischmidt, Margit, Kristof Szombati, and Péter Szuhay. Z013. “Collective Criminaliza tion of the Roma in Central and Eastern Europe: Social Causes, Circumstances, Conse quences.” In The Routledge Handbook ofEuropean Criminology, edited by Sophie BodyGendrot, Mike Hough, Klara Kerezsi, René Lévy, and Sonja Snacken, 168-187. New York: Routledge. --------- , and Kristóf Szombati. 2017. “Understanding the Rise ofthe Far Right from a Local Per spective: Structural and Cultural Conditions of Ethno-Traditionalist Inclusion and Racial Exclusion in Rural Hungary.” Identities 24 (3): 313-331. Ferguson, Ann Arnett. 2001. Bad Boys: Public Schools in the Making ofBlack Masculinity (Law, Meaning, and Violence). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. FIDH (International Federation for Human Rights). 2013. “RUSSIAN FEDERATION: ADC “Memorial” officially declared a ‘foreign agent’ by the court.” December 12. https://www. fidh.org/en/region/europe-central-asia/russia/14381-russian-federation-adc-memorialofficially-declared-a-foreign-agent-by-the . Fitzpatrick, Sheila. 1999.
Everyday Stalinism Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Rus sia in the 1930s. New York: Oxford University Press. Flanders, Jefferson. Z014. The Hill of Three Borders: A Novel ofthe Cold War. Lexington, MA: Munroe Hill Press. Fónai, Mihály. 2004. “Romák és az iskola: lehetőség a kitörésre?” [Roma and the school: Op- 202
References portunity for advancement?]. In A tanuló felnőtt—a felnőtt tanuló, 115-135. Budapest: Országos Közoktatási Intézet Integrációs Fejlesztési Központ. Forray, Katalin R. 1001. Results and Problems in the Education of the Gypsy Community. Eu ropean Education, 34:4, 70-90. Foster, Kenneth W. 1001. “Associations in the Embrace of an Authoritarian State: State Domi nation of Society.” Comparative International Development 35 (4): 84-109. Foucault, Michel. 1997. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Random House. Fowler, Brigit. 2004. “Nation, State, Europe and National Revival in Hungarian Party Politics: The Case of the Millennial Commemorations.” Europe-Asia Studies 16 (1): 57-83. Freifeld, Alice, zooi. Nationalism and the Problem ofInclusion in Hungary. Meeting Report 13 8, Wilson Center, Global Europe Program. Fremlova, Lucie, Mara Georgescu, and Gábor Hera. 2014. Barabaripen: Young Roma Speak about Multiple Discrimination. Council of Europe. Friedman, Eben, and Stela Garaz. 2013. “Support for Roma in Tertiary Education and Social Cohesion.” In Roma Education in Europe: Practices, Policies and Politics, edited by Maja Miskovic, 149-167. New York: Routledge. Fukuyama, Francis. 2001. “Social Capital, Civil Society and Development.” Third Worldppuarterly 22 (1): 7-20. Fuller, Steve. 2006. “Seeking Science in the Field: Life beyond the Laboratory.” In The SAGE Handbook ofFieldwork, edited by Dick Hobbs and Richard Wright, 3 3 3-344. London: Sage. Gaworek, N. H. 1977. “Education, Ideology, and Politics: History in Soviet Primary and Sec ondary
Schools.” The History Teacher 11 (1): 55-74. Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation ofCultures. New York: Basic Books. Gelbart, Petra Margita. 20Í0. “LearningMusic, Race, and Nation in the Czech Republic.” PhD diss., Harvard University. Gellner, Ernest. 1969. Saints ofthe Atlas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ---------. 1983. Nations and Nationalism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Gheorghe, Nicolae. 1997. “The Social Construction of Romani Identity.” In Gypsy Politics and Traveller Identity, edited by Thomas Acton, 153-172. Hatfield: Hertfordshire Press. Gleason, Gregory. 1990. “Lenin, Gorbachev, and ‘National-Statehood’: Can Leninism Counte nance the New Soviet Federal Order?” Studies in Soviet Thought 40 (1): 137-58. Goldman, Minton F. 1997. Revolution and Change in Central and Eastern Europe: Political, Eco nomic, and Social Challenges. Armonk: Μ. E. Sharpe. Gore, Jennifer Μ. 1995. “On the Continuity of Power Relations in Pedagogy.” International Studies in Sociology ofEducation 5 (2): 165-188. Gorenburg, Dmitry. 2006. “Soviet Nationalities Policy and Assimilation.” In Rebounding Iden tities: The Politics ofIdentity in Russia and Ukraine, edited by Blair Ruble and Dominique Arel, 273-303. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Government of the Russian Federation. 2015. “О государственной программе ‘Патрио тическое воспитание граждан Российской Федерации на 2016-2020 годы’” [About the government program “Patriotic education of the citizens of the Russian Federation for 20162020]. December 30.
http://static.government.ru/media/files/8qqYUwwzHUxzVkH1jsKA Errx2dE4qows.pdf. Green, A. 1997. “Education and State Formation in Europe and Asia.” In Education, Globaliza tion and the Nation State, edited by A. Green. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Grotenhuis, René. zoi6. Nation-Building as Necessary Effort in Fragile States. Amsterdam: Am sterdam University Press. 203
References Gyuris, Ferenc. 2.014. “Basic Education in Communist Hungary: A Commons Approach.” InternationalJournal ofthe Commons 8 (2): 531-553. Haas, Ernest B. 1958. The Uniting ofEurope. London: Stevens Sons. Haas, Peter Μ. 1992. “Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordi nation.” International Organization 46 (1): 1-35. Hajda, Lubomyr. 1993. “Ethnic Politics and Ethnic Conflict in the USSR and the Post-Soviet Statzs? HumboldtJournal ofSocial Relations 19 f): 193-278. Hajnáczky, Tamás. 2015. “Egyértelmű, hogy a cigányok nem tekinthetőek nemzetiségnek. Cigánypolitika dokumentumokban 1996-1989 [“It is evident that Gypsies should not be con sidered a nationality.” Roma politics in documents, 1956-1989]. Budapest: Gondolat Kiadó. Hancock, Andrew. 2013. Best Practice Guidelinesfor Developing International Statistical Classi fications. Expert Group Meeting on International Statistical Classifications. https://unstats. un.org/unsd/classifications/bestpractices /Best_practice_N0v_2013.pdf. Hancock, Ian. 1991. “Roots ofRomani Nationalism.” WdtóuiZd/żrzesTdpirs 19 (3): 251-268. ---------- . гою. Danger! Educated Gypsy. Herdfordshire: University of Herdfordshire. Hann, Endre, Miklós Tomka, and Ferenc Pártos. 1979. A közvélemény a cigányokról [Public opinion about Gypsies], Budapest: Tömegkommunikációs Kutatóközpont. Havas, Gábor, and Ilona Liskó. 2005. Szegregáció a roma tanulók általános iskolai oktatásában [Segregation in elementary education of Roma students]. Budapest: Kutatás közben. ---------- , and János Zolnay. 2010. Az integrációs
oktatáspolitika hatásvizsgálata [Examining the effectiveness of integrational education politicies]. Budapest: Európai Összehasonlító Kisebbségkutatásokért Közalapítvány (EÖKIK). Herb, Guntram H., and David H. Kaplan. 1999. Nested Identities: Nationalism, Territory, and Scale. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield. Herrmann, R., and Μ. Brewer. 2004. “Identities and Institutions: Becoming European in the EU.” In Transnational Identities: Becoming European in the EU, edited by R. Herrmann, T. Risse and Μ. Brewer, 1-22. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. Hirsch, Francine. 2000. “Toward an Empire of Nations: Border-Making and the Formation of Soviet National Identities.” The Russian Review 59 (2): 201-26. Hír TV. 2019. “Roma rights defenders ignite Roma against us.” May 20. https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=xiyzzr_Rdd4. Hobsbawm, Eric. 1990. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cam bridge: Cambridge University Press. Holokauszt Magyarországon [Holocaust in Hungary], n.d. “A magyar cigányság üldöztetései” [The persecution of Hungarian Gypsies], Accessed May 2, 2020. http://www.holokausztmagyarorszagon.hu/index.php?section=i chapter=9_i_4 type=content, Hoogenboom, Hilde. 2012. “Catherine the Great (1729-1796).” In Russia’s People ofEmpire: Life Storiesfiom Eurasia, 1900 to the Present, edited by Stephen Μ. Norris and Willard Sun derland, 81-92. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Hooghe, Marc, and Dietlind Stolle. 2003. Generating Social Capital: Civil Society and Institu tions in Comparative Perspective. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. hooks, bell. 1989.
TalkingBack: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black. Boston: South End Press. Hoolachan, Jennifer E. zoi6. “Ethnography and Homelessness Research.” InternationalJournal ofHousing Policy 16 (1): 31-49. Horváth, Zoltán. 1963. “The Rise ofNationalism and the Nationality Problem in Hungary in the Last Decades of Dualism.” Acta Historica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 9 (1/2): 1-38. HR Portal. (2009). “Uj igazgató a Romaversitas Alapítvány élén” [New director at Romaversitas]. Feb ruary 17. https://www.hrportal.hU/c/uj-igazgato-a-romaversitas-alapitvany-elen-2oo9o217.html. 204
References Huber, Josef, 2012. Intercultural Competencefor All: Preparation for Living in a Heterogeneous World. Council of Europe Pestalozzi Series z, Council of Europe. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing, https://rm.coe.int/intercultural-competence-for-all/i68o8cezoc . Human Rights First. 2014. “Russian Court Ruling Forces NGO to close.” April 9. https://www. humanrightsfirst.org/blog/russian-court-ruling-forces-ngo-close. Human Rights Watch/Helsinki. 1996. Rights Denied: The Roma of Hungary. New York: Human Rights Watch. Human Rights Watch. 2018. “Russia: Government vs. Rights Groups.” June 18. https://www. hrw.org/russia-government-against-rights-groups-battle-chronicle. Hungarian National School Curriculum. 2012. www.0fi.hu/nat-2012. Hungarian Cultural Heritage Portal. zozi. Accessed February 19. https://library.hungaricana. hu/hu/view/Esztergom_es_Videke_i938/?pg=97 layout=s. International Federation for Human Rights. 2013. “Russian Federation: Unprecedented level of harassment against ADC ‘Memorial’ on the basis of the law on ‘foreign agents’.” October 2. https://www.refworld.org/docid/5261o2con.html. Jakobi, Anja P., Kerstin Martens, and Klaus Dieter Wolf. 2010. Education in Political Science: Discovering a Neglected Field. New York: Routledge. Jovanovic, Zeljko. 2014. “Speech on International Roma Day.” April 9. https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=t_lvArIlLXQ. Kállai, Ernő. n.d. “Cigányok/romák Magyarországon” [Gypsies/Roma in Hungary]. Társadalomtörténeti vázlat. Accessed 2020. http://www.kallaierno.hu/data/files /ciganyok_
romak_magyarorszagon_tarsadalomtorteneti_vazlat_megismeres_es_elfogadas_kotet_ QLSKze.pdf. Kalinin, Valdemar. 2000. “Oh, This Russian Spirit Abides Everywhere: Dialogue of the Imag ination with Dr Donald Kenrick.” In Scholarship and the Gypsy Struggle: Commitment in Romani Studies, edited by Thomas Acton, 140-149. Hertfordshire: University of Hertford shire Press. -------- , and Christina Kalinina. 2001. “The Baltics, Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova: Reflections on Life in the Former USSR.” In Between Past and Future: The Roma of Central and East ern Europe, edited by Will Guy, 242-251. Hertfordshire: University of Hertfordshire Press. -------- . 2010. “The Construction of the History of the Roma in the ‘Great Land’ (Russia: No tions of Roma History and Identity in Imperial, Soviet and post Soviet Russia).” In All Change! Romani Studies Through Romani Eyes, edited by Damian Le Bas and Thomas Acton, 49-60. Hertfordshire: University of Hertfordshire Press. -------- . 2020. “About the Gypsy (Romani) Renaissance in the Soviet Union (1925-1938) and its successors.” Revista de Etnologie si CulturologieWVCT. 64-73. Kálmán, T. Attila. 2016. “‘Mondhat bármilyen hülyeséget, a Jobbikban elég’ - a tanárnő és a felső körök” [One can say any type of stupidity, it’s enough for Jobbik - the teacher and the higher circles]. N0L. April 16. http://nol.hu/belfold/mondhat-barmilyen-hulyeseget-ajobbikban-eleg-a-tanarno-es-a-felso-korok-1611381 . Kalyijag. 2020a. “History ofourschool.”https://www.kalyi-jag.hu/iskola/az-iskolank-tortenete/. -------- . 2020b. http://www.kalyi-jag.hu. Kammari, M.
D., G. E. Glezerman, G. Μ. Gak, F. V. Konstantinov, F. D. Khrustov, and P. F. Yudin. 1957. Ролъ народных масс и личности в истории [The role of national masses and identities in history], Moscow: State-Published Political Literature. Kamusella, Tomasz. 2009. The Politics ofLanguage and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Kangaspuro, Markku. 2006. “The Bolshevik Modernization Project.” In Modernisation in Rus- 205
References sia since іўоо, edited by Markku Kangaspuro and Jeremy Smith, 38-51. Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society. Kapitány, Balázs (1015). “Roma kisebbség” [Roma minority] in Demográfiai Fogalomtár [Demo graphic concepts], Budapest: KSH Népességtudományi Kutatóintézet. https://demografia. hu/hu/letoltes/fogalomtar/pdf/roma-kisebbseg.pdf. Kasza, Gregory, zooi. “Perestroika: Foran Ecumenical Science of Politics.” Political Science and Politics 34 (3): 597-600. Kemény, István. 2001. “A romák és az iskola” [Roma and the school]. Beszélő 1 (6): 62-68. --------- . 2005. History of Roma in Hungary. In Roma ofHungary, edited by István Kemény. Boulder, CO: Social Science Monographs. --------- , and Béla Janky. 2006. “Roma Population of Hungary 1971-2003.” Roma ofHungary, edited by István Kemény, 70-225. New York: Atlantic Research and Publications. Kendall, Sally. 1997. “Sites of Resistance: Places on the Margin—The Traveller ‘Homeplace.’” In Gypsy Politics and Traveller Identity, edited by Thomas Acton, 70-89. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press. Kenez, Peter. 1985. The Birth of the Propaganda State: Soviet Methods ofMass Mobilization, іўі~-іў2ў. New York: Cambridge University Press. Kenrick, Donald. 2007. Historical Dictionary ofthe Gypsies. Lanham: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Kertesi, Gábor, and Gábor Kezdi. 2010. “Iskolázatlan szülők gyermekei és roma fiatalok a középiskolában” [Children of Roma and uneducated parents in Hungarian secondary schools]. Budapest Munkagazdaságtant Füzetek [Budapest Working Papers On The Labour Market] 3.
http://www.econ.core.hu/file/download/bwp/bwp1003.pdf . --------- . n.d. The Achievement Gap between Roma and Non-Roma Students in East Central Eu rope and its Potential Causes. Institute of Economics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences CERS, Central European University and Institute of Economics of the HAS CERS, 2013: GRINCOH Working Papers. Khan, Fazei. 2006. “Book Review: Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War and the Roots of Terror by Mahmood Mamdani; Clash of Fundamentalisms by Tariq Ali.” Theoria: AJournal ofSocial and Political Theory (in): 148-153. Knight, Nathaniel. 2001. “The Empire on Display: Ethnographic Exhibition and the Conceptu alization of Human Diversity in Post-Emancipation Russia.” NCEEER, August 20. https:// www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2001-814-11g-Knight.pdf . Koncz, Tamás. 2020. “Kiderült, Orbán hogyan tartja számon a roma egyetemistákat” [This is how Orbán keeps track of Roma university students]. Népszava. February 4. https://nepszava.hu/3o65926_kiderult-orban-hogyan-tartja-szamon-a-roma-egyetemistakat. Konstantinova, Maria. 2012. “Overlooked Citizens: Roma (Gypsy) Minorities Living in Post Socialist Ukraine.” Ferges: Germanic Slavic Studies in Review 1 (1): 1-9. Kotljarchuk, A. 2015. “Representing Genocide. The Nazi Massacre of Roma in Babi Yar in So viet and Ukrainian Historical Culture.” Baltic Worlds. Koulish, Robert. 2005. “Hungarian Roma Attitudes on Minority Rights: The Symbolic Vio lence of Ethnic Identification.” Europe-Asia Studies (2): 311-326. Kóczé, Angéla, and Márton Rövid. 2012. “Pro-Roma Global Civil Society: Acting for,
with, or in stead of Roma?” In Global Civil Society 2012: Ten Years of Critical Reflection, edited by Mary Kaldor, Sabine Selchow and Henrietta L. Moore, no-122. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Kóczé, Angela. 2014. “A rasszista tekintet és beszédmód által konstruált roma férfi és női testek a médiában” [Bodies of Roma men and women in media constructed through racist gaze and narratives]. Operatúra (Summer-Autumn). Krastev, Ivan. 2011. “Roma and the Politics of Democratic Imagination.” In Roma: A Euro- 206
References pean Minority, edited by Monika Flašíková-Beňová, Hannes Swoboda and Jan Marinus Wiersma, 45-51. Brussels: European Parliament Press. Ladányi, János, and Iván Szelényi. 2006. Patterns ofExclusion: Constructing Gypsy Ethnicity and the Making ofan Underclass. Boulder: East European Monographs. Laitin, David D. 1998. Identity in Formation: The Russian-speaking Populations in the Near Abroad. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Le Bas, Damian. 1013. “First, Strip the Words of their Meaning. Then Strip the People of their Rights.” Romedia Foundation, https://romediafoundation.wordpress.com /2013/08/25/ first-strip-the-words-of-their-meaning-then-strip-the-people-of-their-rights-i/. Lee, Ken. 2000. “Orientalism and Gypsylorism.” SocialAnalysis 44 (2): 129-156. Lemon, Alaina. 1998. “Roma (Gypsies) in the Soviet Union and Moscow: Teatr ‘Romen.’” In Gypsies: An Interdisciplinary Reader, edited by Diane Tong, 147-166. New York: Routledge. --------- . 1000. Between Two Fires: Gypsy Performance and Romani Memoryfrom Pushkin to Post socialism. Durham: Duke University Press. Lenin, V. 1.1002. Marxism and Nationalism. Chippendale, Australia: Resistance Books. --------- . ідбй.РоІпоеsóbramesochinenii. T. 19 [Complete works. Vol. 19]. Moscow: Politizdat Publ. Leonhard, J. 2017. “The End of Empires and the Triumph of the Nation-State? 1918 and the New International Order.” In Decades of Reconstruction: Postwar Societies, State-Building, and International Relationsfrom the Seven Years’ War to the Cold War, edited by Planert, U. and J. Retallack, 330-346. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press. Liber, George. 1991. “Korenizatsiia: Restructuring Soviet nationality policy in the 1920s.” Eth nic and Racial Studies 14 (1): 15-23. Liégeois, Jean-Pierre. 1987. Gypsies and Travellers. Strasbourg: Council of Europe, Council for Cultural Cooperation. --------- . 1994. Roma, Gypsies, Travellers. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. --------- . 2007. Roma in Europe. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing. Lieven, Anatol. 1999. “The Weakness of Russian Nationalism.” Survival 41 (2): 53-70. Lindberg, Leon, Scheingold, and Stuart. 1971. Regional Integration: Theory and Research. Cam bridge: Harvard University Press. Lippmann, Walter. [1992] 1997. Public Opinion. New York: Macmillan. Lovom, Michael, and Tatyana Tsyrlina-Spady. 2015. “Nationalism and Ideology in Teaching Russian History: A New Federal Concept and a Survey of Teachers.” World Studies in Ed ucation 16 (1): 31-52. Lucassen, Leo. 1997. “Harmful Tramps: Police Professionalization and Gypsies in Germany, 1700-1945.” Crime, History, and Societies 1 (1): 29-50. Madison, D. Soyini. 2012. Critical Ethnography: Method, Ethics, and Performance. Los Ange les: Sage. Magyar Múzeumok [Hungarian Museums). 2018. Hegedűvel éspuskával—a Nagy Hűborúban. Ac cessed 2020. https://magyarmuzeumok.hu/cikk/hegeduvel-es-puskaval-a-nagy-haboruban. Majtényi, Balázs, and György Majtényi. 2016. A Contemporary History ofExclusion: The Roma Issue in Hungaryfrom 194s to 2015. Budapest: CEU Press. --------- . 2003. “Jelen és múlt között. A romákat érintő i960 utáni kisebbségi jogi szabályozás főbb állomásairól” [Between present
and past. About the main minority policies concern ing Roma after i960]. In Merre visz az útiA romákpolitikai és emberijogai a változó világban [Where does the road lead? Political and human rights of Roma in a changing world], edited by Balázs Majtényi, 241-258. Budapest: Lucidus Kiadó. Mamdani, Mahmood. 2002. “Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: A Political Perspective on Culture and Terrorism.” American Anthropologist 104 (3): 766-775. 207
References Maracz, Laszlo, zon. “Multilingualism in the Transleithanian Part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867-1918): Policy and Vrzaicel Jezikoslovje 13 (1): 169-Z98. Márton-Tóth, Andrea. 101$. “Soha többé! Emlékezés a roma holokausztra” [Never again! Re membering the Roma Holocaust). Népszava, August i. Marushiakova, Elena, and Vesselin Popov. 1003. “Ethnic Identities and Economic Strategies of Gypsies in the Countries of the Former USSR.” In Nomaden und Sesshafte—Fragen, Meth oden, Ergebnisse, edited by Thomas Herzog and Wolfgang Holzwarth, 189-310. Halle: Ori entwissenschaftliches Zentrum. Marushiakova, Elena, and Vesselin Popov. 1007. “The Gypsy Court in Eastern Europe.” Romani Studies 17 (1): 67-101. --------- , and Vesselin Popov. 1011. Roma History: State Policies under Communsim 6.1. Council of Europe, Education of Roma/Gypsy Children in Europe. --------- , and Vesselin Popov. 1013. Roma History: Russian Empire. Council of Europe, Educa tion of Roma/Gypsy Children in Europe. --------- , and Vesselin Popov. 1017. “Politics of Multilingualism in Roma Education in Early So viet Union and Its Current Projections.” Social Inclusion 5 (4): 48-59. --------- , and Vesselin Popov. 1010. ‘“Letter to Stalin’: Roma Activism vs. Gypsy Nomad ism in Central, South-Eastern and Eastern Europe before WWII.” Social Inclusion 8 (1): 165-176. McCall, George}. 1006. The Fieldwork Tradition. In: D. Hobbs, R. Wright (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook ofFieldwork. London, Sage. 3-13. http://dx.d0i.0rg/10.4135/9781848608085.n1 McGarry, Aidan. 1014. “Roma as a Political Identity: Exploring
Representations of Roma in Eu rope.” Ethnicities 14 (6): 756-774. McVeigh, Robbie. 1997. “Theorizing Sedentarism: The Roots ofAnti-Nomadism.” In Gypsy Pol itics and Traveller Identity, edited by Thomas Acton, 7-15. Hatfield: University of Hert fordshire Press. Medeiros, Priscilla. 1017. “A Guide for Graduate Students: Barriers to Conducting Qualitative Research among Vulnerable Groups.” Contingent Horizons, 3(1). https://contingenthorizons.com/1o17/o1/z5/a-guide-for-graduate-students-barriers-to-conducting-qualitative-research-among-vulnerable-groups. Messing, Vera. ion. “Good Practices Addressing School Intergation of Roma/Gypsy Children in Hungary.” In Eastern European Roma in the EU: Mobility, Discrimination, Solutions, ed ited by Anca Pusca, 138-154. Brussels: International Debate Education Association. Meyer, John W., David Tyack, Joane Nagel, and Audri Gordon. 1979. “Public Education as Nation-Building in America: Enrollments and Bureaucratization in the American States, 1870-1930.” American Journal ofSociology 85 (3): 591-613. Mezey, Barna (ed.). 1986. A magyarországi cigánykérdés dokumentumokban 1422-îÿés. Buda pest: Kossuth Könyvkiadó. Ministry of Education and Culture. 1008. Education in Hungary—Past, Present, Future—An Overview, http://www.0km.g0v.hu/let0lt/english/educati0n_in_hungary_080805.pdf. Mirga, Anna. n.d. Roma: In Search ofA Balanced Image. Open Society Foundation. Mirga-Kruszelnicka, Anna, and Jekatyerina Dunajeva. zon. Re-thinking Roma Resistance throughout History: Recounting Stories ofStrength and Bravery. Berlin: ERIAC. Mironov, B. N. ZO19.
“The Policy of Russifying in Late Imperial Russia and its Failure.” Russian History 46 (1): 84-101. Miskolci Reggeli Hírlap. 1938 May i. Accessed from the National Educational Library and Mu seum in Budapest. Mitchell, Timothy. 1988. Colonising Egypt. New York: Cambridge University Press. 208
References Molchanov, Mikhail A. 2000. “Nationalism as a Power Resource: A Russia—Ukraine Compar ison.” Nationalities Papers 28 (1): 263-288. MONITOR. 2014. “Fekete pont” [Blackdot], https://issuu.com/monitornyitottmuhely/docs/ monitor_fekete _pont_2o 14_tank__ nyvk. Moussa, Mario, and Ron Scapp. 1996. “The Practical Theorizing of Michel Foucault: Politics and Counter-Discourse.” Cultural Critique Spring (33): 87-112. Mócsy, Antal, József Petrovácz, and Gyula Walter. 1925. Második olvasókönyv: A katholikus népiskolák 2. osztálya számára [Second grade reader]. Budapest: Szt.-István-Társ. Muradov, Gulam. 1974. “The USSR Experience in Solving the National Question and the Lib erated Countries of the East.” Asian Survey 14 (3): 289-306. Nagy, Mária. 2002. “A cigány tanulókkal kapcsolatos pedagógiai problémák a pedagógusképzés ben és a fiatal pedagógusok munkájában” [Pedagogical problems associated with Roma stu dents in teacher training and the work of young teachers]. Uj Pedagógiai Szemle ri. Nane Tsokhe. 2006. Song from Gypsies Are Found Near Heaven. November 18. https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=MkguListsmw. Neményi, Mária. 2007. “Identity Strategies” [Identitásstratégiák]. Elet és Irodalom 51 (7). Népszabadság. 2010. “Hoffmann: alapvető fontosságú a magyarságismeret az iskolákban.” http:// nol.hu/belfold/hoffmann__ alapveto_fontossagu_a_magyarsagismeret_az_iskolakban. Népszava. 2019. “Kásler duplázná a Magyarságkutató Intézet forrásait, ahol havi 650 ezerért írnák újra a magyar őstörténetet” [Kasler plans to double the funding of the Institute of Hungarianness, where the
history of Hungarians would be rewritten for 650 thousand a month], https://nepszava.hu/3040619_kasler-duplazna-a-magyarsagkutat0-intezet-f0rrasait-ahol-havi-65o-ezerert-irnak֊ujra-a-magyar-ostortenetet. Neumann, Iver В. 1999. Uses ofthe Other:“The East” in European Identity Formation. Manches ter: Manchester University Press. New, William. 2014. “Regulating Roma Language and Culture in Central Europe.” Journal of Language and Cultural Education 2 (2): 165-181. Nogee, Joseph L., ed. 1972. Man, State, and Society in the Soviet Union. New York: Praeger Publishers. Nuhoglu Soysal, Yasemin, and David Strang. 1989. “Construction of the First Mass Education Systems in Nineteenth-Century Europe.” Sociology ofEducation 62 (4): 277-288. New York Times. 2011. “Hungarian Leader Takes On Foreign Critics.” January 6. https://www. nytimes.com/2011/01/07/w0rld/europe/07iht-hungary07.html. O’Keeffe, Brigid. 2013. New Soviet Gypsies: Nationality, Performance, and Selfhood in the Early Soviet Union. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. --------- . 1014. “Gypsies as a Litmus Test for Rational, Tolerant Rule: Fin-de-siècle Russian Eth nographers Confront the Comparative History of Roma in Europe.” InternationalJournal ofComparative and Applied CriminalJustice 38 (2): 109—131. Olasz, Lajos. 2014. “Az etnikai térszerkezet változása Magyarországon a két világháború között” [Ethnic changes in Hungary between the two world wars]. In Kulturális és társadalmi sokszínűség a változó gazdasági környezetben, edited by János Tibor Karlovitz, 251-156. Komárno: International Research Institute. Olsen,
Johan P. 2004. “Europeanization and Nation State Dynamics.” In The Future ofthe Na tion State: Essays on Cultural Pluralism and Political Integration, edited by Sverker Gustavs son and Leif Lewin, 139-163. New York: Routledge. Orbán, Viktor. 2013a. Year evaluation speech. http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=qGMG2M5wqRE. --------- . 2013b. Speech at the Twelfth Meeting of the Hungarian Standing Conference. 209
References https://1010-1014.k0rmany.hu/en/prime-minister-s-0ffice/the-prime-ministers-speeches/ viktor-orban-s-speech-at-the-izth-meeting-of-the-hungarian-standing-conference. Origo. 1013. “Orbán nem putyinozott, csak erős emberekről beszélt.” October 11. https://www. 0rig0.hu/itth0n/10131011-0rban-van-ra-esely-h0gy-0lyan-aut0riter-legyek-mint-putyin.html. Orsós, Anna. 1015. A roma kultúra reprezentációja a tartalomszabályozók, tartalomhordozók körében, valamint ezekfejlesztési lehetőségei“ Összegző tanulmány a kutatási eredményekről [Representation of Roma—Summary of research]. Budapest: Oktatáskutató és Fejlesztő Intézet. Pachirat, Timothy. 1003. “The Political in Political Ethnography: Dispatches from the Kill Floor.” In Political Ethnography: What Immersion Contributes to the Study ofPower, edited by Edward Schatz, 143-161. Chicago: Chicago University Press. Paikert, G. C. 1953. “Hungary’s National Minority Policies, 1910-1945.” American Slavic and East European Review 11 (1): 101-18. Parsons, Craig. 1003.И Certain Idea ofEurope. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Patkanov, К. P. 1887. Tsygany. Neskol’ko slov 0 narechiiakh zakavkazskikh tsygan: Bosha i karachi [Gypsies. A few words on the dialects of the Caucasus Gypsies: Bosha and Karachi], St. Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences. Patriot Park. 1019. “Парку ‘Патриот’ 5 лет!” [Patriot Park is five years old]. https://patriotp. ru/o-parke/popechitelskiy-sovet/novosti-popechitelskogo-soveta/parku-patriot-5-let/. Pavlenko, Aneta. 1011. “Linguistic Russification in the Russian Empire: Peasants into Russians?” [Языковая
руссификация в Российской империи: стали ли крестьяне русскими?] Russian Linguistics 35 (3): 331-50. Pearson, Raymond. 1991. “The Geopolitics of People Power: The Pursuit of the Nation-State in East Central Europe.” Journal ofInternational Affairs, 499-518. Pesti Hírlap. 1930 November 9. Accessed from the National Educational Library and Museum in Budapest. Petrova, Dimitrina. 1003. “The Roma: Between a Myth and a Future.” Social Research 70 (1): in-161. Piahanau, Aliaksandr. 1014. “Hungarian War Aims During WWI: Between Expansionism and Separatism.” Central European Papers г (f): 95-107. Pitard, Jayne. 1017. “A Journey to the Centre of Self: Positioning the Researcher in Autoethnog raphy.” Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung [Forum: Qualitative Social Research] 18 (3): 10. Plokhinskii, Μ. Μ. 1890. “Tsygane staroi Malorossii (po arkhivnym dokumentam)” [Gypsies of old Malorossiia (according to archival documents)]. Etnograficheskoe obozrenie [Ethno graphic Review] 7: 95-117. Polónyi, István. 1004. A hazaifelsőoktatás demográfiai összefüggései a 21. század elején [Demo graphic connections in higher education in Hungary in the twenty-first century]. Institute for Higher Educational Research, Budapest. Research Paper No 155. Polvinen, Tuomo. 1995. Imperial Borderland: Bobrikov and the Attempted Russification ofFinland 1898-1904. Durham: Duke University Press. Pomogyi, László. 1995. Cigánykérdés és cigányügyi igazgatás a polgári Magyarországon [The Gypsy question and administration of Gypsies in Hungary], Budapest: Osiris-Századvég. Pop, Daniel, zoiz. Education Policy and Equal
Education Opportunities. Open Society Foun dations. https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/uploads/fo6ee836-5o47-4f58-b8bb3i48ea6d4aco/education-policy-ioi 1010z18.pdf. Powell, Ryan, and Huub van Baar. Ζ019. “The Invisibilization of Anti-Roma Racisms.” In The Securitization ofthe Roma in Europe, edited by Huub van Baar, Ana Ivasiuc and Regina Kre ide, 91-114. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. 210
References Puresi, Barna Gyula. 2.004. “Cigányellenes javaslatok és razziák Pest megyében Endre László alispánsága idején (1928, 1939-1944)” [Anti-Gypsy proposals and pogroms in Pest county under deputy-lieutenant László Endre (1928, 1939-1944)] in Pharrajimos. Romák sorsa a nácizmus idején, I-II [Pharrajimos. The fate of Roma during the Nazi era, I-II], edited by János Bársony and Ágnes Daróczi, 35-59. Budapest: L’Harmattan. Pușca, Anca. ron. “Introduction.” In Eastern European Roma in the EU: Mobility, Discrimina tion, Solutions, by Anca Pușca, 1-12. New York: International Debate Education Association. -------- . 2013. “Representing Romani Gypsies and Travelers: Performing Identity from Early Photography to Reality Television.” International Studies Perspectives. Pusko, Gábor. 2005. “Cigányok és parasztok. Néhány alapvetés a cigány—nem cigány egymás mellett élés kérdésköréhez Tornaiján az ezredforduló környékén.” Kisebbségi léthelyzetek— interetnikus viszonyok (MTA Etnikai-nemzeti Kisebbségkutató Intézet) 101-126. Putin, Vladimir. 2012. Speech in Krasnodar. http://nevrS.kremlin.ru/news/16470. Putnam, RobertD. 1995. “Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital.” Journal ofDe mocracy 6 (1): 65-78. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL). 2020. “Russian Lawmakers Expand Scope of‘For eign Agents’ Law Limiting Press Freedom, Work of NGOs.” December 23. https://www. rferl.org/a/russian-lawmakers-foreign-agents-law/ 31015 312 .html. Ramirez, Francisco O„ andjohn Boli. 1987. “The Political Construction ofMass Schooling: Eu ropean Origins and Worldwide
Institutionalization.” Sociology ofEducation 60 (1): 2-17. Rannut, Mart. 1991. Beyond Linguistic Policy: The Soviet Union Versus Estonia. Roskilde Uni versity Center, Denmark. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED352803.pdf. Real Pearl Foundation (Igazgyöngy Alapítvány). Accessed May 2, 2021. https://igazgyongyalapitvany.hu/en/art-school/. REF (Roma Education Fund). 2011. “A New Roma Elite is Rising.” November 7. https://www. romaeducationfund.org/a-new-roma-elite-is-rising/ . -------- . 2020. http://www.romaeducationfund.hu/program. Reggeli Hírlap. 1935 June 8. Accessed from the National Educational Library and Museum in Budapest. RIA Dagestan. 2020. “В Дербенте обсуждены вопросы проведения совместных мероприятий для молодежи в парке ‘Патриот’” [In Derbent issues regarding joint youth events for youth in Patriot Park were discussedļ.March 12. https://riadagestan.ru/news/g_ derbent/v_derbente_obsuzhdeny_voprosy_provedeniya_sovmestnykh_meropriyatiy_ dlya_molodezhi_v_parke_patriot/. RIA Novyj Den. 2014. “Gypsies Arrested with Heroin.” December 5. https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=tpG-iow3Uv8. Ringold, Dena, Mitchell A. Orenstein, and Erika Wilkens. 2005. Roma in an Expanding Eu rope: Breaking the Poverty Cycle. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Ritchie, Jand, Jane Lewis, Carol McNaughton Nicholls, and Rachel Ormston, eds. 2013.Qual itative Research Practice: A Guidefor Social Science Students and Researchers. London: Sage. Roma Press Center (Roma Sajtóközpont). 2014. “Cigányozó etika gyerekeknek” [Anti-Roma ethics for children]. April 13. http://romasajtokozpont.hu/ciganyozo-
etika-gyerekeknek/. RomArchive. 2020. Accessed November 4. https://www.romarchive.eu/en/. Romaversitas. 2020. Accessed November 16. http://www.romaversitas.hu. Rossiya i. 2015a. “A family of 11 was arrested for drugs possession.” February 4. https://www. youtube.com/watch ?v=sYzM_fbXobU. -------- . 2015b. “A drug dealer greeted special forces with songs and reciting from religious texts duringher arrest.” June 5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BGiS5zI_O4 . 211
References Rothberg, Abraham. 2005. The Former People. New York: Edteck Press. Rövid, Márton. 2013a. “Solidarity, Citizenship, Democracy: The Lessons of Romani Activism.” European Yearbook ofMinority Issues Online (10)·. 381-396. --------- . 2013b. “Options of Roma Political Participation and Representation.” European Roma Rights Centre, Budapest. Russian National Program on Patriotic Education. 2015. http://archives.ru/programs/patriot_ 2015.shtml. Ryder, Andrew, Sarah Cemlyn, and Thomas Acton. 2014. Hearing the Voice ofthe Gypsy, Roma and Traveller Communities: Inclusive Community Development. Bristol: Policy Press at the University of Bristol. Sándor, Hegedűs. 2007. “Huszonöt éves abeás írásbeliség.” Barátság (2): 5303-5305. Said, Edward. 1978. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books. Schatz, Edward. 2009. PoliticalEthnography: What Immersion Contributes to the Study ofPower. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. --------- . 2000. “The Politics of Multiple Identities: Lineage and Ethnicity in Kazakhstan.” Eu rope-Asia Studies 52 (3): 489-506. Scott, James, Domination and the Arts ofResistance: Hidden Transcripts. New Haven: Yale University Press. --------- . 1998. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press. --------- . 2009. The Art ofNot Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press. Selling, Jan. 2018. “Assessing the Historical Irresponsibility of the Gypsy Lore Society in Light of Romani Subaltern Challenges.” Critical Romani StudiesJournal 1 (1) :
44-61. Shehata, Samer. 2006. “Ethnography, Identity, and the Production of Knowledge.” In Interpre tation and Method: Empirical Research Methods and the Interpretive Turn, edited by Dvora Yanow and Peregrine Schwartz-Shea, 244-263. New York: Μ. E. Sharpe. Sidorchik, Andrey. 2013. “Единая история. Путин рассказал, как правильно писать учебники” [Unified history. Putin explained how to write textbooks properly]. Argumenti i Fakti. February 20. https://aif.ru/society/education/4o737. Sierra, Maria. 2019. “Creating Romanestan: A Place to Be a Gypsy in Post-Nazi Europe.” Euro pean History Quarterly 49 (2): 272-92. Siklóvá, Jirina, and MartaMiklusakova. 1998. “DenyingCitizenship to the Czech Roma.”Edsr European Constitutional Review 7 (2): 58-64. Silverman, Carol. 1988. “Negotiating ‘Gypsiness’: Strategy in Context.” American Folklore So ciety 101 (401): 261-275. Slezkine, Yuri. 1994. Arctic Mirrors: Russia and the Samm Peoples ofthe North. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Smith, Anthony. 1986. Ethnic Origins ofNations. Malden: Blackwell Publishers. Snyder, Timothy. 2010. Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin. New York: Basic Books. Solt, Ottilia. 1998. Méltóságot mindenkinek. Összegyűjtött írások [Dignity for all. Collected works]. Vol. i. Budapest: Beszélő Politikai és Kulturális Folyóirat. Sontag, Susan. 1990. On Photography. New York: Anchor Books Doubleday. Soros, George. 2010. “Europe Needs Educated Roma.” First published in The Guardian, January 13, 2010. https://www.georgesoros.com/20ro/01/r3/europe-needs-educated-roma/ . Spencer, Margaret Beale, Dena Phillips
Swanson, and Michael Cunningham. 1991. “Ethnicity, Ethnic Identity, and Competence Formation: Adolescent Transition and Cultural Trans formation.” TheJournal ofNegro Education 60 (3): 366-387. 212
References Spira, Thomas. 1970. “Connections between Trianon Hungary and the Weimar Republic, and the Swabian Minority School Problem.” Internationales Jahrbuch Für Geschichts- Und Ge ographie-Unterricht 13: 164-190. Staley, Eugene. J966. “Education’s Role in Nation Building.” Science 153 (3731): 47-49. Stalin, J. 1913. “Marxism and the National Question.” https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/i9i3/o3.htm. -------- . 1946. Сочинения [Essays]. Moscow: Государственное издательство политической литературы [State publisher of political literature]. -------- . 1947. Works. Vol. 5. Moscow: Gospolitizdat. Starr, Paul. 1992. “Social Categories and Claims of the Liberal State.” Social Research įį) (2): 263-295. Stewart, Michael. 1997. The Time ofthe Gypsies. Boulder: WestviewPress. -------- . 2001. “Communist Roma Policy, 1945-89 as Seen through a Hungarian Case.” In Be tween Past and Future: The Roma ofCentral and Eastern Europe, edited by Will Guy, 71-92. Hertfordshire: University of Hertfordshire Press. -------- . 2012. The Gypsy ‘Menace’: Populism and the New Anti-Gypsy Politics. London: Hurst Company. Suny, Ronald G. 1992. State-Building and Nation Making: The Evolution ofEthnonationalism under Soviet Rule. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. -------- . 2001. “The Empire Strikes Out: Imperial Russia, ‘National’ Identity, and Theories of Empire.” In A State ofNations: Empire and Nation-Making in the Age ofLenin and Stalin, edited by Ronald Grigor Suny and Martin Terry, 23-66. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Surányi, István. 2005. “Alapfokú oktatás
Székesfehérváron 1920 és 1945 között” [Basic educa tion in Székesfehérvár between 1920 and 1945]· Neveléstörténet 1 (2): 95-IZ5. Surdu, Mihai, and Martin Kovats. 2015. “Roma Identity as an Expert-Political Construction.” Social Inclusion 3 (5): 5-18. -------- . 20j6. Those Who Count: Expert Practices ofRoma Classification. Budapest: Central Eu ropean University Press. Szász, Zoltán. 2002. “Political Life and the Nationality Question in the Era of Dualism (18671918).” In History of Transylvania, Volume III. From 1830 to 1919, edited by Zoltán Szász. New York: Columbia University Press. Szabóné Kármán, Judit. 2002. “Családi és iskolai szocializáció eltérő vonásai a roma gyerme kek életében” [Differences in family and school socialization in the life of Roma children]. Védőnő 12 (б). Szalai, Julia. 1999. Poverty in Transition and Transition in Poverty: Recent Developments in Hun gary, Bulgaria, Romania, Georgia, Russia, Mongolia. UNESCO. Szalayné Sándor, Erzsébet. 2017. A roma holokauszt oktatásának társadalmi szemléletformáló szerepéről és hazai helyzetéről [The societal role and national case of educating about the Roma Holocaust], Statement, United Nations’ National Human Rights Institution. Szemere, Katalin. 2014. “A cigányságot nem lehet ma büszkén megélni” [It’s impossible to be a proud Gypsy today]. Népszabadság. January 18. http://n0l.hu/archivum/20140118-a_ ciganysagot_nem_lehet_ma_buszken_megelni-i438737. Szociális és Munkaügyi Minisztérium [Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs]. 2010. A be fogadó társadalomért [For an inclusive society]. Szociális és Munkaügyi
Minisztérium Esélyegyenlőségi Szakállamtitkársága [Ministry of Labor and Social Equality State Secretariat]. Szuhay, Péter. 2002. “Az egzotikus vadembertől a hatalom önnön legitimálásáig. A magyar országi cigányokról készített fotók típusai.” Beszélő (7-8): 97-106. 213
References --------- . 2.003. “Kultúraértelmezések az iskola világában” [Understanding culture in the world of schools]. “EszmeCsere az integrációért” konferencia [Exchanging opinions for integration conference], Budapest, http://www.nefmi.gov.hu /eszmecsere/EszmeCs.html. Szóró, Ilona. 2019. Monopolization ofeducation: Nationalization ofChurch Schools in Hungary. Athens: NORDSCI Conference: Education and Educational Research Section. Takenaga, Lara. 2019. ‘“I Will Never Be German: Immigrants and Mixed-Race Families in Ger many on the Struggle to Belong.” The New York Times, November 9. https://www.nytimes. com/2019/11 /08/reader-center/german-identity.html. Tarkanyi Elementary School. 2021. Accessed February 17. http://tarkanyiskola.hu/tortenet.html. Tarr, Zoltan. 1999. “Ethnicity, Nationality, and Nationalism in Early Austrian-Hungarian Social Science.” In Surviving the Twentieth Century: Social Philosophy from the Frankfurt School to the Columbia Faculty Seminars, edited by Judith Marcus, 97-106. Piscataway, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. TASZ (Hungarian Civil Liberties Union). 2015. What is the Problem with the Hungarian Law on Foreign FundedNGOs?https://hciu.hu/Gles/tasz/imce/zoi1/what-is-the-problein-withthe-law-on-foreign-funded-ngos.pdf. TASZ (The Hungarian Civil Liberties Union). 2017. Independent Civil Society Under Attack. Sep tember 12. https://hclu.hu/en/articles/independent-civil-society-under-attack-in-hungary-i. Teczár, Szilárd. 2014. “Az ember államosítása’ - Arató László a tankönyvbotrányról” [‘Nation alization of people’ - László Arató about the
textbook scandal], Magyar Narancs. April 17. https://magyarnarancs.hu/belpol/az-ember-allamositasa-arato-laszlo-a-tankonyvbotranyrol89676. Tewatia, T. C. 1975. “Soviet Theory of Federalism.” The Indian Journal ofPolitical Science 16 (2): 177-91· Thaden, Edward. 1964. Conservative Nationalism in Nineteenth-Century Russia. Seattle: Uni versity of Washington Press. Thorpe, Nick. 2014. “Hungary court orders school closure over Roma segregation.” BBC. Febru ary 28. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-2639o357. The Economist. 2011. “Hungary’s Plan for the Roma.” April 8. http://www.economist.com/ blogs/easternapproaches/2ou/o4/europes_roma. The Save the Children Fund. 2001. Denied a Future? Volume 2. London: Save the Children. The Telegraph. 2013. “Viktor Orban interview: ‘Patriotism is a good thing’.” October 15. https:// www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/hungary/1o373959/Viktor-Orban-interview-Patriotism-is-a-good-thing.html. Thurston, Robert. 1984. “Developing Education in Late Imperial Russia: The Concerns of State, ‘Society’and People in Moscow, 1906-14.” Russian History 11 (1): 53-82. Tilly, Charles. 1975. “Reflections on the History of European State-Making.” In The Formation ofNational States in Western Europe, edited by Charles Tilly. Princeton: Princeton Univer sity Press. --------- . 1992. Coercion, CapitalandEuropean States: AD990-1992. Cambridge: Wiley-Blackwell. Tremlett, A. 2017. Visualising everyday ethnicity: moving beyond stereotypes of Roma minori ties. Identities, 24(6), 720-740. https://d0i.0rg/10.1080/1070289X.2017.1379927 Tremlett, Annabel,
Vera Messing, and Angéla Kóczé. 2017. “Romaphobia and the Media: Mech anisms of Power and the Politics of Representations.” Identities 24 (6): 641-649. Trope, Y„ and E. Thompson. 1997. “Looking for Truth in all the Wrong Places? Asymmetric Search of Individuating Information about Stereotyped Group Members.” Journal ofPer sonality and Social Psychology yy (2): 229-241. Tsvetkov, Georgiy. 2008. “История и социальное развитие цыган-ловаря” [History and so- 214
References cial development of Lovara Gypsies], In Роми Украйни: із минулого в майбутні [Ukrai nian Roma], 471-488. Tureli, Μ. Teresa, and Angel Marzo, zooi, “lhe Gitano Communities.” In Multilingualism in Spain: Sociolingüístic and Psycholinguistic Aspects ofLinguistic Minority Groups, edited by Μ. Teresa Tureli, 215-234. Bristol: Cromwell Press. Tóth, Andrea. 1019. “‘Odavittek bennünket, ahol égették a halottakat’—A roma holokauszt emlékezete [“They took us where dead bodies were burning”—remembering the Roma Holocaust], Neokohn, August z. https://neokohn.hu/2019/08/02/odavittek-bennunketahol-egettek-a-halottakat-a-roma-holokauszt-emlekezete/ . Új Barázda. 1933 January 22. Accessed from the National Educational Library and Museum in Budapest. UNESCO. 2006. UNESCO Guidelines on Intercultural Education. https://unesdoc.unesco. org/ark:/48zz3/pfooooi47878. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, n.d. Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies) 1939-1945. Accessed January 2 0 21. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/ genocide-of-european-roma-gypsies-i 939-1945. Unyatyinszki, György. zoi6. “Láthatatlanok a romák a tankönyvekben, katasztrófa eddig az áll ami tankönyvrendszer” [Roma are invisible in textbooks, state textbook system is a catastro phe so far] Eduline, Aptril 11. https://eduline.hu/kozoktatas/Romak_a_tankonyvekben_ Ok_ismi_vagyunk_G 5 BZVZ. Vardy, Steven B. 1983. “The Impact of Trianon upon Hungary and the Hungarian Mind: The Nature of Interwar Hungarian Irredentism.” Hungarian Studies Review 10 (1): 21-42. Vermeersch, Peter. 2007. The Romani Movement:
Minority Politics and Ethnic Mobilization in Contemporary Central Europe. New York: Berghahn. Vidra, Zsuzsanna, and Jon Fox. 2014. “Mainstreaming of Racist Anti-Roma Discourses in the Media in Hungary.” Journal ofImmigrant and Refugee Studies 12 (4): 437-455. Wagner, Francis S. 1987. “The Gypsy Problem in Postwar Hungary.” Hungarian Studies Review 14 W·· 33-43. Weber, Eugen. 1976. Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization ofRural France, 1870-1914. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Wedeen, Lisa. 1999. Ambiguities ofDomination: Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbols in Contemporary Syria. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. --------- . 2009. “Ethnography as Interpretive Enterprise.” In Political Ethnography: What Im mersion Contributes to the Study ofPower, edited by Edward Schatz, 75-94. Chicago: Uni versity of Chicago Press. Weeks, Theodore R. 1996. Nation and State in Late Imperial Russia: Nationalism and Russifica tion on the Western Frontier, 1863-1114. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press. --------- . 2001. “Russification and the Lithuanians, Slavic Review 60 (1): 9Ճ-114. --------- . 2004. “Russification: Word and Practice 1863-1914.” Proceedings ofthe American Phil osophical Society 148 (4): 471-89. Weitz, Eric D. 2002. “Racial Politics without the Concept of Race: Reevaluating Soviet Ethnic and National Purges.” Slavic Review 61 (1): 1-29. White, George W. 1992. “Territorial Dimensions of Hungarian Ethnic Identity.” Yearbook ofthe Association ofPacific Coast Geographers 54: 23-48. World Bank. 2001. Alternative Schools and Roma Education. Bajapress. Youth
Agency ofAstrakhan region. 2020. “В Астраханской области появится парк‘Патриот’ [In Astrakhan region there will be a Patriot Park). August 5. https://mol.astrobl.ru/special/ press-release/v-astrahanskoy-oblasti-poyavitsya-park-patriot. 215
References Yanow, Dvora, and Peregrine Schwartz-Shea. 2006. Interpretation and Method: Empirical Re search Methods and the Interpretive Turn. New York: Μ. E. Sharpe. Zajda, Joseph. 1979. “Education for Labour in the USSR.” Comparative Education 15 (3): 287-99. -------- . 1988. “The Moral Curriculum in the Soviet School.” Comparative Education 24 (3): 389-404. Zsilák, Szilvia. 2018. “Az állami tankönyvek teljes hatalomátvételétől tartanak a kiadók” [Presses fear complete takeover by government textbooks]. Index. May 10. https://index.hu/ belfold/2oi8/o5/io/lejaro_engedelyek_a_tankonyvpiacon/. 216
|
| adam_txt |
Contents List of Tables. ¡x Acknowledgments. xi Parti Introduction Chapter 1 Author’s Purpose. 3 Personal Note. 3 Roma and Romani Studies. 8 Notes on Methodology. 11 Structure and Subject of the Book. 15 Chapter 2 Theories and Concepts—State, Nation, and Identity 21 Homogenization Efforts During State and Nation Building. 21 Managing the Population and Classifying Identities. 26 Comparative and Historical Study: Roma In Hungary and Russia throughout Time. 30 Part II Bad Gypsies and Good Roma in Historical Perspective Chapter 3 Early Nation and State Building in Empires
37 Early State and Nation Building: Control over the “Other”. 37 Enduring “Backwardness”. 51 Chapter 4 The End of Empires 55 The End of Empires: World War One and the 1917 Revolution. 56 Soviet Nativization Policies in the 1920s and ’30s. 60 Hungary After the Treaty of Trianon. 73 A Note on the Holocaust. 80 Chapter 5 State Socialism (1945-1989) 83 Assimilationist Campaigns. 84 Political Education in State-Socialist Schools. 92 Categorization of Roma: Legacies of Socialist Identity Politics and Critical Voices. 96
Part III Contemporary Identity Formation Chapter 6 Fieldwork. юз Fieldwork and Positionality. 103 Ethnography: Ethics, Reflexivity, and Positionality. 107 Chapter 7 “Bad Gypsies”—Negotiation of Identities in Primary Schools из Neo-Modern State Building: National Revival and Patriotic Youth. 114 Bad Gypsies in Segregated Schools. 119 Disciplining Bad Gypsies in Classrooms. 130 Reproducing and Contesting Stereotypes. 138 Chapter 8 Making Good Roma from Bad Gypsies 145 Contemporary Antigypsyism.146 Pro-Roma Civil Society’s Roots, Goals, and Projects. 149 Negotiation of Identity and Non-state Actors. 152
Chapter 9 Negotiating Identity 16З Identity Struggles. 164 Identity and Belonging. 169 Kinship and Community. 175 Part IV Concluding Remarks Chapter 10 Summary and Best Practices 187 Best Practices. 1. 189 References. 197 Index. 217
References Abramenko, О., and S. Kulaeva. 2013. История и культура цыган (History and culture of Gypsies). Saint Petersburg: Memorial. ADC Memorial. 2010. Official website, https://adcmemorial.org/en/about-adc/. Adcock, Robert. 2006. “Generalization in Comparative and Historical Social Science: The
Dif ference That Interpretivism Makes.” In Interpretation and Method: Empirical Research Methods and the Interpretive Turn, edited by Dvora Yanow and Peregrine Schwartz-Shea, 50-66. New York: Μ.E. Sharpe. AiF (Argumenti i Fakti). 2012. “Владимир Путин раскритиковал учебники по истории” [Putin
criticized history textbooks], February 13. https://aif.ru/politics/world/2713o8. Amelin, V. V. 2013. “Цыганский вопрос’ в общественно-политической жизни стран Запада и России” [The “Gypsy question” in Socio-political Life of the West and Russia). In Цыгане в оренбургском социуме [Gypsies in
Orenburg], 3-5. Orenburg: ООО ИПК “Университет.” https://www.osu.ru/sites/niisu/docs/gipsy.pdf. Amit, Vered, ed. 2000. Constructing the Field: Ethnographic Fieldwork in the Contemporary World. London: Routledge. Anderson, Benedict. 1983. Imagined Communities. New York: Verso. Andi, Helga. 2015.
“Undergraduate research at Wlislocki Henrik Student College.” Pomolo gia 3 (10): 97-105. Arató, Mátyás. 2013. “A beás nyelvjáráskutatás előzetes tapasztalatai” [Preliminary findings on Boyash linguistical research], Gypsy Studies 30, 47-63.
https://nevtud.btk.pte.hu/sites/nevtud.btk.pte.hu/files/files/akonferenciakotet_kesz.pdf. Arendt, Hannah. 1963. Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality ofEvil. New
York: Penguin Books. Arnold, P., R. Ágyas, G. Héra, I. Katona, J. Kiss, Z. Mészáros, J. Péter, A. Pletser, A. Rácz, G. Rostás, and A. Szépe. 2011. Evaluation Research ofRomaversitas Hungary: Final Study. Budapest: Kurt Lewin Foundation. Aust, Martin. 2016. “Russia and Europe (15 47-1917).” European History Online (EGO), http:// www.ieg-ego.eu/austm-2015-en. Auty, Robert, and Dimitri Obolensky. 1976. Companion to Russian Studies: Volume 1: An Intro duction to Russian History. New York: Cambridge University Press. Azrael, Jeremy R. 1972. “Education and Political Development in the Soviet Union.” ІпЛТля, State, and Society in the Soviet Union, edited by Joseph L. Nogee, 317-335. New York: Prae ger Pubishers. Bábosik, Zoltán. 2009. “A magyarországi cigányság oktatása történeti megközelítésben” [His tory of schooling of Hungarian Gypsies], In Megismerés és elfogadás: Pedagógiai kihívások és roma közösségek a 21. század iskolájában [Getting to know and accepting: Pedagogical chal- 197
References lenges and Roma in twenty-first century schools], edited by Ernő Kállai and László Kovács, 175-192. Budapest: Nyitott Könyvműhely. Babusik, Ferenc. 1000. Az iskolai hatékonyság kulcstényezői a romák oktatásában [Key determi nants in school effectiveness of educating Roma]. Budapest: Delphoi Consulting. Balkányi, Nóra, and Krisztián В. Simon. 2014. “Az Ilonát sokkal nehezebb gyűlölni mint a cigányt.” VS, June 7. https://vs.hu/mind/osszes/az-ilonat-sokkal-nehezebb-gyulolni-minta-ciganyt-o6o7#!so. Balogh, Lídia H. 1012. “Minority Cultural Rights or an Excuse for Segregation? Roma Minor ity Education in Hungary.” In Education Policy and Equal Education Opportunities, edited by Daniel Pop, 207-222. New York: Open Society Foundations. Bancrof, Angus. 2005. Roma and Gypsy-Travellers in Europe: Modernity, Race, Space, and Exclu sion. London: Ashgate Pub Ltd. Barany, Zoltan. 2000. “Politics and the Roma in State-Socialist Eastern Europe.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 33: 421-437. --------- . 2002. The East European Gypsies: Regime Change, Marginality, and Ethnopolitics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bari, Bence. 2016. “From Theory to Practice: The New Europe and National Self- Determina tion in the First World War (1916-1920).” BROJ 8: 83-93. Bársony, János, and Agnes Daróczi. 2008. Pharrajimos: lhe Fate ofthe Roma during the Holo caust. New York: IDebate Press. Bartash, Volha. 2015. “The Sédentarisation of Roma in the Soviet Union after 1956: A Case Study from the Former Belarussian Soviet Socialist Republic.” Romani Studies 25 (1): 23-51.
Beissinger, Mark R. 2002. Nationalist Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State. Cam bridge: Cambridge University Press. Bekus, Nelly. 2013. Struggle over Identity: The Official and the Alternative “Belarusianness.”bu dapest: CEU Press. Bendix, Reinhard. 1964. Nation-Building and Citizenship. New York: John Wiley Sons. Berger, Peter L., and Thomas Luckmann. 1967. The Social Construction ofReality. New York: Penguin Books. Bessonov, Nikolay Vladislavovich. 2010. “Патриотизм цыган Союза ССР в годы Великой Отечественной войны” [Patriotism of Gypsies in the USSR and during the Great Patriotic War]. In Патриотизм—составляющая государственной национальной политики России: теория, практика [Patriotism as part of the nationality policy of Russia: theory and practice], 191-209. Moscow: Институт Российской истории PAH (Institute of Rus sian History, Russian Academy of Sciences). Bevir, Mark. 2006. “How Narratives Explain. In Interpretation and Method: Empirical Re search Methods and the Interpretive Turn, edited by Dvora Yanow and Peregrine SchwartzShea, 281-290. New York: M.E. Sharpe. Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit. 2012. “Why Bilinguals Are Smarter.” New York Times. March 18. https://www.nytimes.com/2o12/o3/18/opinion/sunday/the-benefits-of-bilingualism.html . Bilinsky, Yaroslav. 1981. “Expanding the Use of Russian or Russification? Some Critical Thoughts on Russian as a Lingua Franca and the ‘Language of Friendship and Cooperation of the Peoples of the USSR.’” Russian Review 40 (3): 317-332. Binder, Mátyás. 2009. “Beások, etnikai mobilizáció és identitás” [The Boyash: Ethnic
Mobilizaton and Identity}. Kisebbségkutatás 18 (2). --------- . 2018. Roma/cigány társadalomtörténet a іў. század végétől napjainkig. Módszertani se gédlet az Uccu Alapítvány foglalkozásaihoz, Budapest: UCCU Alapítvány. 198
References --------- , and Dóra Pálos. 2016. “Romák a kerettantervekben és a kísérleti tankönyvekben” [Roma in curricula and experimental textbooks]. Budapest: Chance for Children Foun dation. http.7/cfcf.hu/sites/default/files/Binder%2oPálos%2o-%2oROMA.TK.KUT.%2o 2016_0.pdf. Blomqvist, Anders E. B. 2014. “Economic Nationalizing in the Ethnic Borderlands of Hungary and Romania: Inclusion, Exclusion and Annihilation in Szatmár/Satu-Mare 1867-1944.” PhD diss., Stockholm University. Bogdán, Mária, Jekatyerina Dunajeva, Timea Junghaus, Angela Kóczé, Márton Rövid, Iulius Rostas, Andrew Ryder, Marek Szilvási, and Marius Taba. 2015. “Nothing About Us With out Us?”Journal ofthe European Roma Rights Centre 2. Bogdán, Péter. 2015. “Cigány gyerekek a Köznevelés című folyóirat 1983 és 1987 között megjelent cikkeinek tükrében.” REGIO 23 (4): 80-114. Bogdanov, A. P. 1877. Materiały dlya izuchenia tsygan v antropologicheskom otnoshenii [Materi als for the study of Gypsies in anthropology]. Moscow: Tipografiya Μ. N. Lavrova, http:// 0iks.rsl.ru/0mekaP0rtal/files/0riginal/104fe47c402df896dc74b22fe98d4339.pdf. Boli, John, Francisco O. Ramirez, and John W. Meyer. 1985. “Explaining the Origins and Ex pansion of Mass Education.” Comparative Education Review 29 (z): 145-170. Boli, John. 1989. New Citizensfor a New Society: The Institutional Origins ofMass Schooling in Sweden. Oxford: Pergamon. BOON (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén megyei hírportál). 2018. “Hegedűvel és puskával jártak a Nagy Háborúban.” September 7. https://boon.hu/helyi-kozelet/hegeduvel-es-puskaval-jartak-anagy-haboruban-2318467/.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1999. “Rethinking the State: Genesis and Structure of the Bureaucratic Field.” In State/culture: State-formation After the Cultural Turn, edited by George Steinmetz, 5375. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Bowden, Rob. 1998. “Children, Power and Participatory Research in Uganda.” In Stepping For ward: Children and Young People’s Participation in the Development Process edited by Victo ria Johnson, Edda Ivan-Smith, Gill Gordon, Pat Pridmore, and Patta Scott, 281-283. Lon don: Intermediate Technology. Braham, Randolph L. 1970. Education in the Hungarian People’s Republic. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D.C., US. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED039635.pdf. Brooks, Jeffrey. 2000. Thank You, Comrade Stalin! Soviet Public Culturefrom Revolution to the Cold War. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Brubaker, Roger. 1996. “Nationalizing States in the old ‘New Europe’—and the New.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 19 (2): 411-437. --------- . 2011. “Nationalizing States Revisited: Projects and Processes of Nationalization in Post-Soviet States.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 34 (11): 1785-1814. Bruter, Michael. 2005. Citizens ofEurope? The Emergence of a Mass European Identity. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Bugay, N. F. 2015. “Забытые страницы жизни сообщества цыган в Союзе ССР: 19301960-е годы” [Forgotten pages of life of the Roma community in the Soviet Union in 19301960]. Приволжский научный вестник [Volga region scientific review] 7 (47): 46-65. Burton, Linda. 2007. “Childhood Adultification in Economically Disadvantaged Families: A
Conceptual Model.” Family Relations 56 (4): 329-45. Chae, Mark H. 2001. “Gender and Ethnicity in Identity Formation.” The NewJersey Journal of Professional Counseling 56: 17-23. Cherenkov, Lev. 2011. Цыгане Москвы и Подмосковья. [Gypsies in Moscow and the Moscow region], http://www.el-history.ru/node/12o9 . 199
References Chernykh, Alexander. 2.018. “Цыгане-кэлдэрары в России во второй половине XIX начале XX века” [Kalderash Gypsies in Russia during the second half of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century]. Вестник Пермского Университета [Perm Uni versityjournal], Հ40): 138-J48. Cohen, Gary B. 2007. “Nationalist Politics and the Dynamics of State and Civil Society in the Habsburg Monarchy, 1867-1914.” Central European History 40 (2): 2.41-78. Conversi, Daniele. 2007. “Homogenisation, Nationalism and War: Should we Still Read Ernest Gellner?” Nations and Nationalism 13: 371-394. --------- . 2010. “Cultural Homogenization, Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide.” In The International Studies Encyclopedia, edited by Robert A. Denemark, 719-742. Boston: Wiley-Blackwell. Council of Europe. 1993. “Recommendation 1203 (1993)” Gypsies in Europe. http://assembly. coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-EN.asp?fileid=i5237 lang=en. Critical Romani Studies Journal. Accessed February 14, 2021. https://crs.ceu.edu/index.php/ crs/about. Crowe, David. 1994. A History ofthe Gypsies ofEastern Europe and Russia. New York: St. Mar tin’s Press. Csepeli, György, and Antal Örkény. 1996. “The Changing Facets of Hungarian Nationalism.” Social Research 61 (f): 247-86. CSCE (Commission Security and Cooperation in Europe). 2014. “Statement on Russian NGO ADC Memorial.” April 11. https://www.csce.gov/international-impact/press-and-media/ press-releases/statement-russian-ngo-adc-memorial. Czopp, A. Μ., A. C. Kay, and S. Cheryan. 2015. “Positive Stereotypes Are Pervasive and Power ful.” Perspectives on
Psychological Science 10 (4): 451-63. Dallin, David J. i959.“The Main Traits of Soviet Empire-Building.” The Russian Review 18 (1): 3-13. Darden, Keith, and Anna Grzymala-Busse. 2006. “The Great Divide: Literacy, Nationalism, and the Communist Collapse.” World Politics 59: 83-115. Demeter, Nadezhda, N. Bessonov, and V. Kutenkov. iooo.Istoriya Tsygan: Novyj Vzglyad [История цыган: новый взгляд]. Voronezh: Rossijskaja AkademiaNauk [Russian Academy of Sciences]. Demeter, N., and A. V. Chernykh. 2018. Tsygane [Gypsies]. Moscow: Nauka. Demeter, N. 2005. Interview on Echo of Moscow radio station, https://echo.msk.ru/programs/ exit/36375/ --------- . 2014. Образование как способинтергации цыган вроссийское общество [Education as a tool of integration of Roma in the Russian society]. Moscow: ELKONA-expert. Derdák, Tibor, and Aranka Varga. 1996. “Az iskola nyelvezete—idegen nyelv.” Új Pedagógiai Szemle 12. Deutsch, Karl. 1969. Nationalism and Its Alternatives. New York: Random House. DeWalt, Kathleen Μ., and DeWalt, Billie R. 2002. Participant observation: A guide forfield workers. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira. Diamond, Larry. 1999. Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation. Baltimore: Johns Hop kins University Press. Dudarova, N. A. 1932. Амари буты [Amari buty]. Moscow: Uchpedgiz, 1932. Book accessed from the Russian State Library (Khimki, Russia). --------- . 1933. Аваса лылваренса: Букваре ваш барэ манушэнгэ [ABC Book with Illustra tions: Reader for Adults], Moscow: Uchpedgiz. Book accessed from the Russian State Li brary (Khimki, Russia). --------- . 1934. Букварье: ваш
начально школа [ABC book: your primary school]. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe uchebno-pedagogicheskoe izdatelstvo. Book accessed from the Russian State Library (Khimki, Russia). 200
References Dunai, Marton. 2020. “Hungarian Teachers Say New School Curriculum Pushes Nationalist Ideology.” Reuters, Februaruy 4. https://uk.reuters.com/article /us-hungary-politics-teachers-protests/hungarian-teachers-say-new-school-curriculum-pushes-nationalist-ideologyidUSKBNiZYz8Y. Dunajeva, Jekatyerina, and Heather Tidrick. 1015. “Roma/Gypsy Youth Empowerment and Romani Language: Case Study of Hungary.” The Journal ofthe International Networkfor Prevention of Child Maltreatment’s Special Edition of Today’s Children are Tomorrow’s Par ents, 7-22. Dunajeva, Jekatyerina, and Dmitriy Dunaev. 2019. “The Question of National Self-Determina tion after World War I: Nation and State Building Efforts in the Soviet Union.” Paper pre sented at the 5th NISE Conference The Politics ofDifference in 1919 Europe: Minorities and Border Populations, Warsaw, Poland. Dunajeva, Jekatyerina and Violeta Vajda. 2021. “Positionality and Fieldwork: Participatory Re search with Roma” In The SAGE Handbook ofParticipatory Research and Enquiry, 55, ed ited by Danny Burns, Jo Howard and Sonia Ospina, 234-247. London: SAGE Publications. Dunajeva, Jekatyerina. 2017. “Education of Roma Youth in Hungary: Schools, Identities and Belonging.” European Education 49 (1): 56-70. --------- . 2019. “Power Hierarchies Between the Researcher and Informants: Critical Obser vations During Fieldwork in a Roma Settlement.” Critical Romani Studies Journal 2 (1): 124-143· --------- . 2020. “Roma Holocaust in Hungary: Importance and implications of Roma resistance” in Re-thinking Roma resistance throughout history:
Recounting stories ofstrength and bravery, edited by Anna Mirga-Kruszelnicka and Jekatyerina Dunajeva. Berlin: ERIAC. --------- . 2021a. “Othering Through Textbooks: Teaching about Roma in Contemporary Hun gary.” In Teachingabout “Invisible Others.”The Central andEast Europeanperspective, edited by Katarzyna Górak-Sosnowska and Urszula Markowska-Manista. --------- . 2021b. Trans-border Solidarity: Romani Movement towards a Stronger Europe. “Europe talks solidarity” Project, Vienna: European Solidarity Corps Resource Centre. --------- . 202 ie. “From ‘Unsettled Fortune-tellers’ to Socialist Workers: Education Policies and Roma in Early Soviet Union.” In Social and Economic Vulnerability ofRoma People, edited by Maria Manuela Mendes, Olga Magano and Stefánia Toma, 65-77. New York: Springer. Dupcsik, Csaba. 2009. A magyarországi cigányság története: Történelem a cigánykutatások tükrében, 1890-2008 (History of Hungary’s Gypsies: History through Romology, 18902008). Budapest: Osiris. --------- . 2018. “A magyarországi cigányok/romák a hétköznapi is a tudományos diskurzusok tükrében.” Szociológiai Tanulmányok 1. Edwards, Bob, Michael W. Foley, and Mario Dian. 2001. Beyond Tocqueville: Civil Society and the Social Capital Debate in Comparative Perspective. Hanover: University Press of New England. Egan, Kieran. 1989. “Reviewed Work: Perceptions of History. An Analysis of School Textbooks by Volker R. Berghahn, Hanna Schissler.” History and Theory 28 (3): 366-372. Eliason, Antonia. 2017. “With No Deliberate Speed: The Segregation of Roma Children in Eu rope.” DukeJournal of
Comparative International Law zy: 191-241. Emerson, R. Μ., R. I. Fretz, and L. L. Shaw. 1995. Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Esztergom és vidéke. 1938 March 6. Accessed from the National Educational Library and Mu seum in Budapest. European Commission, n.d. “Stories about Roma People: Stopping Discrimination against Roma.” 201
References --------- . 2014. “Education is the only way out of poverty and exclusion for Roma.” April 3. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_14_37o . European Roma Institute for Arts and Culture (ERIAC). Accessed November 4, zozo, https:// eriac.org/about-eriac/ . European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC). гасу. In Search ofHappy Gypsies Persecution ofPariah Minorities in Russia. Country Reports Series 14, Budapest: ERRC. European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, zoiz. “Roma Housing Projects in Small Communities, Slovakia.” In Eastern European Roma: Mobility, Discrimination, Solutions, edited by Anca Pusca, 155-183. Brussels: International Debate Education Association. European Parliament, n.d. “Anti-Discrimination Centre Memorial (ADC Memorial). Increasing discrimination and illegal persecutions in Russia.” Accessed February zo, Z014. https://www. europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/zoo9_2.o14/documents/droi/dv/4_3_antidiscrmemorial_/ 4_3_antidiscrmemorial_en.pdf. Fábiánné Andrónyi, Katalin, ed. n.d. Romológiai ismeretek. Budapest: Pázmány Péter Catho lic University. Federal Archive Agency, zoio. “Gosudarstvennaya programma ‘Patrioticheskoe vospitanie grazhdan Rossisjoj Federatsii na Z011-Z015 gody” [State program’ Patriotic Education of citizens ofthe Russian Federation for 2011-2015]. October 5. https://archives.gov.ru/index. php?q=programs/patriot_zoi5.shtml. Federal Drug Control Service of Russia, zon. “Информационно-аналитическая справка о наркоситуации в Российской Федерации и результатах борьбы с незаконным обо ротом наркотиков в январе-июне zoii года”
[Informational and analytical study about narcotics intheRussianFederationasaresultofthefightagainstnarcoticstradeinJanuary-June of zoii]. Accessed February 14, Z014. http://fskn.g0v.ru/pages/main/prevent/3939/405z/ print.shtml. Fedyshyn, Oleh. 1967. “Khrushchev’s “Leap Forward”: National Assimilation in the USSR after Stalin.” The Southwestern Social Science ¿Quarterly 48 (1): 34-43. Fehér, György. 1993. The Gyspies of Hungary. New York: Human Rights Watch (Helsinki Watch). Edited by Holly Cartner, and Lois Whitman. Feischmidt, Margit, Kristof Szombati, and Péter Szuhay. Z013. “Collective Criminaliza tion of the Roma in Central and Eastern Europe: Social Causes, Circumstances, Conse quences.” In The Routledge Handbook ofEuropean Criminology, edited by Sophie BodyGendrot, Mike Hough, Klara Kerezsi, René Lévy, and Sonja Snacken, 168-187. New York: Routledge. --------- , and Kristóf Szombati. 2017. “Understanding the Rise ofthe Far Right from a Local Per spective: Structural and Cultural Conditions of Ethno-Traditionalist Inclusion and Racial Exclusion in Rural Hungary.” Identities 24 (3): 313-331. Ferguson, Ann Arnett. 2001. Bad Boys: Public Schools in the Making ofBlack Masculinity (Law, Meaning, and Violence). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. FIDH (International Federation for Human Rights). 2013. “RUSSIAN FEDERATION: ADC “Memorial” officially declared a ‘foreign agent’ by the court.” December 12. https://www. fidh.org/en/region/europe-central-asia/russia/14381-russian-federation-adc-memorialofficially-declared-a-foreign-agent-by-the . Fitzpatrick, Sheila. 1999.
Everyday Stalinism Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Rus sia in the 1930s. New York: Oxford University Press. Flanders, Jefferson. Z014. The Hill of Three Borders: A Novel ofthe Cold War. Lexington, MA: Munroe Hill Press. Fónai, Mihály. 2004. “Romák és az iskola: lehetőség a kitörésre?” [Roma and the school: Op- 202
References portunity for advancement?]. In A tanuló felnőtt—a felnőtt tanuló, 115-135. Budapest: Országos Közoktatási Intézet Integrációs Fejlesztési Központ. Forray, Katalin R. 1001. "Results and Problems in the Education of the Gypsy Community." Eu ropean Education, 34:4, 70-90. Foster, Kenneth W. 1001. “Associations in the Embrace of an Authoritarian State: State Domi nation of Society.” Comparative International Development 35 (4): 84-109. Foucault, Michel. 1997. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Random House. Fowler, Brigit. 2004. “Nation, State, Europe and National Revival in Hungarian Party Politics: The Case of the Millennial Commemorations.” Europe-Asia Studies 16 (1): 57-83. Freifeld, Alice, zooi. Nationalism and the Problem ofInclusion in Hungary. Meeting Report 13 8, Wilson Center, Global Europe Program. Fremlova, Lucie, Mara Georgescu, and Gábor Hera. 2014. Barabaripen: Young Roma Speak about Multiple Discrimination. Council of Europe. Friedman, Eben, and Stela Garaz. 2013. “Support for Roma in Tertiary Education and Social Cohesion.” In Roma Education in Europe: Practices, Policies and Politics, edited by Maja Miskovic, 149-167. New York: Routledge. Fukuyama, Francis. 2001. “Social Capital, Civil Society and Development.” Third Worldppuarterly 22 (1): 7-20. Fuller, Steve. 2006. “Seeking Science in the Field: Life beyond the Laboratory.” In The SAGE Handbook ofFieldwork, edited by Dick Hobbs and Richard Wright, 3 3 3-344. London: Sage. Gaworek, N. H. 1977. “Education, Ideology, and Politics: History in Soviet Primary and Sec ondary
Schools.” The History Teacher 11 (1): 55-74. Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation ofCultures. New York: Basic Books. Gelbart, Petra Margita. 20Í0. “LearningMusic, Race, and Nation in the Czech Republic.” PhD diss., Harvard University. Gellner, Ernest. 1969. Saints ofthe Atlas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ---------. 1983. Nations and Nationalism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Gheorghe, Nicolae. 1997. “The Social Construction of Romani Identity.” In Gypsy Politics and Traveller Identity, edited by Thomas Acton, 153-172. Hatfield: Hertfordshire Press. Gleason, Gregory. 1990. “Lenin, Gorbachev, and ‘National-Statehood’: Can Leninism Counte nance the New Soviet Federal Order?” Studies in Soviet Thought 40 (1): 137-58. Goldman, Minton F. 1997. Revolution and Change in Central and Eastern Europe: Political, Eco nomic, and Social Challenges. Armonk: Μ. E. Sharpe. Gore, Jennifer Μ. 1995. “On the Continuity of Power Relations in Pedagogy.” International Studies in Sociology ofEducation 5 (2): 165-188. Gorenburg, Dmitry. 2006. “Soviet Nationalities Policy and Assimilation.” In Rebounding Iden tities: The Politics ofIdentity in Russia and Ukraine, edited by Blair Ruble and Dominique Arel, 273-303. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Government of the Russian Federation. 2015. “О государственной программе ‘Патрио тическое воспитание граждан Российской Федерации на 2016-2020 годы’” [About the government program “Patriotic education of the citizens of the Russian Federation for 20162020]. December 30.
http://static.government.ru/media/files/8qqYUwwzHUxzVkH1jsKA Errx2dE4qows.pdf. Green, A. 1997. “Education and State Formation in Europe and Asia.” In Education, Globaliza tion and the Nation State, edited by A. Green. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Grotenhuis, René. zoi6. Nation-Building as Necessary Effort in Fragile States. Amsterdam: Am sterdam University Press. 203
References Gyuris, Ferenc. 2.014. “Basic Education in Communist Hungary: A Commons Approach.” InternationalJournal ofthe Commons 8 (2): 531-553. Haas, Ernest B. 1958. The Uniting ofEurope. London: Stevens Sons. Haas, Peter Μ. 1992. “Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordi nation.” International Organization 46 (1): 1-35. Hajda, Lubomyr. 1993. “Ethnic Politics and Ethnic Conflict in the USSR and the Post-Soviet Statzs? HumboldtJournal ofSocial Relations 19 f): 193-278. Hajnáczky, Tamás. 2015. “Egyértelmű, hogy a cigányok nem tekinthetőek nemzetiségnek." Cigánypolitika dokumentumokban 1996-1989 [“It is evident that Gypsies should not be con sidered a nationality.” Roma politics in documents, 1956-1989]. Budapest: Gondolat Kiadó. Hancock, Andrew. 2013. Best Practice Guidelinesfor Developing International Statistical Classi fications. Expert Group Meeting on International Statistical Classifications. https://unstats. un.org/unsd/classifications/bestpractices /Best_practice_N0v_2013.pdf. Hancock, Ian. 1991. “Roots ofRomani Nationalism.” WdtóuiZd/żrzesTdpirs 19 (3): 251-268. ---------- . гою. Danger! Educated Gypsy. Herdfordshire: University of Herdfordshire. Hann, Endre, Miklós Tomka, and Ferenc Pártos. 1979. A közvélemény a cigányokról [Public opinion about Gypsies], Budapest: Tömegkommunikációs Kutatóközpont. Havas, Gábor, and Ilona Liskó. 2005. Szegregáció a roma tanulók általános iskolai oktatásában [Segregation in elementary education of Roma students]. Budapest: Kutatás közben. ---------- , and János Zolnay. 2010. Az integrációs
oktatáspolitika hatásvizsgálata [Examining the effectiveness of integrational education politicies]. Budapest: Európai Összehasonlító Kisebbségkutatásokért Közalapítvány (EÖKIK). Herb, Guntram H., and David H. Kaplan. 1999. Nested Identities: Nationalism, Territory, and Scale. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield. Herrmann, R., and Μ. Brewer. 2004. “Identities and Institutions: Becoming European in the EU.” In Transnational Identities: Becoming European in the EU, edited by R. Herrmann, T. Risse and Μ. Brewer, 1-22. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. Hirsch, Francine. 2000. “Toward an Empire of Nations: Border-Making and the Formation of Soviet National Identities.” The Russian Review 59 (2): 201-26. Hír TV. 2019. “Roma rights defenders ignite Roma against us.” May 20. https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=xiyzzr_Rdd4. Hobsbawm, Eric. 1990. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cam bridge: Cambridge University Press. Holokauszt Magyarországon [Holocaust in Hungary], n.d. “A magyar cigányság üldöztetései” [The persecution of Hungarian Gypsies], Accessed May 2, 2020. http://www.holokausztmagyarorszagon.hu/index.php?section=i chapter=9_i_4 type=content, Hoogenboom, Hilde. 2012. “Catherine the Great (1729-1796).” In Russia’s People ofEmpire: Life Storiesfiom Eurasia, 1900 to the Present, edited by Stephen Μ. Norris and Willard Sun derland, 81-92. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Hooghe, Marc, and Dietlind Stolle. 2003. Generating Social Capital: Civil Society and Institu tions in Comparative Perspective. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. hooks, bell. 1989.
TalkingBack: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black. Boston: South End Press. Hoolachan, Jennifer E. zoi6. “Ethnography and Homelessness Research.” InternationalJournal ofHousing Policy 16 (1): 31-49. Horváth, Zoltán. 1963. “The Rise ofNationalism and the Nationality Problem in Hungary in the Last Decades of Dualism.” Acta Historica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 9 (1/2): 1-38. HR Portal. (2009). “Uj igazgató a Romaversitas Alapítvány élén” [New director at Romaversitas]. Feb ruary 17. https://www.hrportal.hU/c/uj-igazgato-a-romaversitas-alapitvany-elen-2oo9o217.html. 204
References Huber, Josef, 2012. Intercultural Competencefor All: Preparation for Living in a Heterogeneous World. Council of Europe Pestalozzi Series z, Council of Europe. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing, https://rm.coe.int/intercultural-competence-for-all/i68o8cezoc . Human Rights First. 2014. “Russian Court Ruling Forces NGO to close.” April 9. https://www. humanrightsfirst.org/blog/russian-court-ruling-forces-ngo-close. Human Rights Watch/Helsinki. 1996. Rights Denied: The Roma of Hungary. New York: Human Rights Watch. Human Rights Watch. 2018. “Russia: Government vs. Rights Groups.” June 18. https://www. hrw.org/russia-government-against-rights-groups-battle-chronicle. Hungarian National School Curriculum. 2012. www.0fi.hu/nat-2012. Hungarian Cultural Heritage Portal. zozi. Accessed February 19. https://library.hungaricana. hu/hu/view/Esztergom_es_Videke_i938/?pg=97 layout=s. International Federation for Human Rights. 2013. “Russian Federation: Unprecedented level of harassment against ADC ‘Memorial’ on the basis of the law on ‘foreign agents’.” October 2. https://www.refworld.org/docid/5261o2con.html. Jakobi, Anja P., Kerstin Martens, and Klaus Dieter Wolf. 2010. Education in Political Science: Discovering a Neglected Field. New York: Routledge. Jovanovic, Zeljko. 2014. “Speech on International Roma Day.” April 9. https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=t_lvArIlLXQ. Kállai, Ernő. n.d. “Cigányok/romák Magyarországon” [Gypsies/Roma in Hungary]. Társadalomtörténeti vázlat. Accessed 2020. http://www.kallaierno.hu/data/files /ciganyok_
romak_magyarorszagon_tarsadalomtorteneti_vazlat_megismeres_es_elfogadas_kotet_ QLSKze.pdf. Kalinin, Valdemar. 2000. “Oh, This Russian Spirit Abides Everywhere: Dialogue of the Imag ination with Dr Donald Kenrick.” In Scholarship and the Gypsy Struggle: Commitment in Romani Studies, edited by Thomas Acton, 140-149. Hertfordshire: University of Hertford shire Press. -------- , and Christina Kalinina. 2001. “The Baltics, Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova: Reflections on Life in the Former USSR.” In Between Past and Future: The Roma of Central and East ern Europe, edited by Will Guy, 242-251. Hertfordshire: University of Hertfordshire Press. -------- . 2010. “The Construction of the History of the Roma in the ‘Great Land’ (Russia: No tions of Roma History and Identity in Imperial, Soviet and post Soviet Russia).” In All Change! Romani Studies Through Romani Eyes, edited by Damian Le Bas and Thomas Acton, 49-60. Hertfordshire: University of Hertfordshire Press. -------- . 2020. “About the Gypsy (Romani) Renaissance in the Soviet Union (1925-1938) and its successors.” Revista de Etnologie si CulturologieWVCT. 64-73. Kálmán, T. Attila. 2016. “‘Mondhat bármilyen hülyeséget, a Jobbikban elég’ - a tanárnő és a felső körök” [One can say any type of stupidity, it’s enough for Jobbik - the teacher and the higher circles]. N0L. April 16. http://nol.hu/belfold/mondhat-barmilyen-hulyeseget-ajobbikban-eleg-a-tanarno-es-a-felso-korok-1611381 . Kalyijag. 2020a. “History ofourschool.”https://www.kalyi-jag.hu/iskola/az-iskolank-tortenete/. -------- . 2020b. http://www.kalyi-jag.hu. Kammari, M.
D., G. E. Glezerman, G. Μ. Gak, F. V. Konstantinov, F. D. Khrustov, and P. F. Yudin. 1957. Ролъ народных масс и личности в истории [The role of national masses and identities in history], Moscow: State-Published Political Literature. Kamusella, Tomasz. 2009. The Politics ofLanguage and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Kangaspuro, Markku. 2006. “The Bolshevik Modernization Project.” In Modernisation in Rus- 205
References sia since іўоо, edited by Markku Kangaspuro and Jeremy Smith, 38-51. Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society. Kapitány, Balázs (1015). “Roma kisebbség” [Roma minority] in Demográfiai Fogalomtár [Demo graphic concepts], Budapest: KSH Népességtudományi Kutatóintézet. https://demografia. hu/hu/letoltes/fogalomtar/pdf/roma-kisebbseg.pdf. Kasza, Gregory, zooi. “Perestroika: Foran Ecumenical Science of Politics.” Political Science and Politics 34 (3): 597-600. Kemény, István. 2001. “A romák és az iskola” [Roma and the school]. Beszélő 1 (6): 62-68. --------- . 2005. History of Roma in Hungary. In Roma ofHungary, edited by István Kemény. Boulder, CO: Social Science Monographs. --------- , and Béla Janky. 2006. “Roma Population of Hungary 1971-2003.” Roma ofHungary, edited by István Kemény, 70-225. New York: Atlantic Research and Publications. Kendall, Sally. 1997. “Sites of Resistance: Places on the Margin—The Traveller ‘Homeplace.’” In Gypsy Politics and Traveller Identity, edited by Thomas Acton, 70-89. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press. Kenez, Peter. 1985. The Birth of the Propaganda State: Soviet Methods ofMass Mobilization, іўі~-іў2ў. New York: Cambridge University Press. Kenrick, Donald. 2007. Historical Dictionary ofthe Gypsies. Lanham: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Kertesi, Gábor, and Gábor Kezdi. 2010. “Iskolázatlan szülők gyermekei és roma fiatalok a középiskolában” [Children of Roma and uneducated parents in Hungarian secondary schools]. Budapest Munkagazdaságtant Füzetek [Budapest Working Papers On The Labour Market] 3.
http://www.econ.core.hu/file/download/bwp/bwp1003.pdf . --------- . n.d. The Achievement Gap between Roma and Non-Roma Students in East Central Eu rope and its Potential Causes. Institute of Economics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences CERS, Central European University and Institute of Economics of the HAS CERS, 2013: GRINCOH Working Papers. Khan, Fazei. 2006. “Book Review: Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War and the Roots of Terror by Mahmood Mamdani; Clash of Fundamentalisms by Tariq Ali.” Theoria: AJournal ofSocial and Political Theory (in): 148-153. Knight, Nathaniel. 2001. “The Empire on Display: Ethnographic Exhibition and the Conceptu alization of Human Diversity in Post-Emancipation Russia.” NCEEER, August 20. https:// www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2001-814-11g-Knight.pdf . Koncz, Tamás. 2020. “Kiderült, Orbán hogyan tartja számon a roma egyetemistákat” [This is how Orbán keeps track of Roma university students]. Népszava. February 4. https://nepszava.hu/3o65926_kiderult-orban-hogyan-tartja-szamon-a-roma-egyetemistakat. Konstantinova, Maria. 2012. “Overlooked Citizens: Roma (Gypsy) Minorities Living in Post Socialist Ukraine.” Ferges: Germanic Slavic Studies in Review 1 (1): 1-9. Kotljarchuk, A. 2015. “Representing Genocide. The Nazi Massacre of Roma in Babi Yar in So viet and Ukrainian Historical Culture.” Baltic Worlds. Koulish, Robert. 2005. “Hungarian Roma Attitudes on Minority Rights: The Symbolic Vio lence of Ethnic Identification.” Europe-Asia Studies (2): 311-326. Kóczé, Angéla, and Márton Rövid. 2012. “Pro-Roma Global Civil Society: Acting for,
with, or in stead of Roma?” In Global Civil Society 2012: Ten Years of Critical Reflection, edited by Mary Kaldor, Sabine Selchow and Henrietta L. Moore, no-122. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Kóczé, Angela. 2014. “A rasszista tekintet és beszédmód által konstruált roma férfi és női testek a médiában” [Bodies of Roma men and women in media constructed through racist gaze and narratives]. Operatúra (Summer-Autumn). Krastev, Ivan. 2011. “Roma and the Politics of Democratic Imagination.” In Roma: A Euro- 206
References pean Minority, edited by Monika Flašíková-Beňová, Hannes Swoboda and Jan Marinus Wiersma, 45-51. Brussels: European Parliament Press. Ladányi, János, and Iván Szelényi. 2006. Patterns ofExclusion: Constructing Gypsy Ethnicity and the Making ofan Underclass. Boulder: East European Monographs. Laitin, David D. 1998. Identity in Formation: The Russian-speaking Populations in the Near Abroad. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Le Bas, Damian. 1013. “First, Strip the Words of their Meaning. Then Strip the People of their Rights.” Romedia Foundation, https://romediafoundation.wordpress.com /2013/08/25/ first-strip-the-words-of-their-meaning-then-strip-the-people-of-their-rights-i/. Lee, Ken. 2000. “Orientalism and Gypsylorism.” SocialAnalysis 44 (2): 129-156. Lemon, Alaina. 1998. “Roma (Gypsies) in the Soviet Union and Moscow: Teatr ‘Romen.’” In Gypsies: An Interdisciplinary Reader, edited by Diane Tong, 147-166. New York: Routledge. --------- . 1000. Between Two Fires: Gypsy Performance and Romani Memoryfrom Pushkin to Post socialism. Durham: Duke University Press. Lenin, V. 1.1002. Marxism and Nationalism. Chippendale, Australia: Resistance Books. --------- . ідбй.РоІпоеsóbramesochinenii. T. 19 [Complete works. Vol. 19]. Moscow: Politizdat Publ. Leonhard, J. 2017. “The End of Empires and the Triumph of the Nation-State? 1918 and the New International Order.” In Decades of Reconstruction: Postwar Societies, State-Building, and International Relationsfrom the Seven Years’ War to the Cold War, edited by Planert, U. and J. Retallack, 330-346. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press. Liber, George. 1991. “Korenizatsiia: Restructuring Soviet nationality policy in the 1920s.” Eth nic and Racial Studies 14 (1): 15-23. Liégeois, Jean-Pierre. 1987. Gypsies and Travellers. Strasbourg: Council of Europe, Council for Cultural Cooperation. --------- . 1994. Roma, Gypsies, Travellers. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. --------- . 2007. Roma in Europe. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing. Lieven, Anatol. 1999. “The Weakness of Russian Nationalism.” Survival 41 (2): 53-70. Lindberg, Leon, Scheingold, and Stuart. 1971. Regional Integration: Theory and Research. Cam bridge: Harvard University Press. Lippmann, Walter. [1992] 1997. Public Opinion. New York: Macmillan. Lovom, Michael, and Tatyana Tsyrlina-Spady. 2015. “Nationalism and Ideology in Teaching Russian History: A New Federal Concept and a Survey of Teachers.” World Studies in Ed ucation 16 (1): 31-52. Lucassen, Leo. 1997. “Harmful Tramps: Police Professionalization and Gypsies in Germany, 1700-1945.” Crime, History, and Societies 1 (1): 29-50. Madison, D. Soyini. 2012. Critical Ethnography: Method, Ethics, and Performance. Los Ange les: Sage. Magyar Múzeumok [Hungarian Museums). 2018. Hegedűvel éspuskával—a Nagy Hűborúban. Ac cessed 2020. https://magyarmuzeumok.hu/cikk/hegeduvel-es-puskaval-a-nagy-haboruban. Majtényi, Balázs, and György Majtényi. 2016. A Contemporary History ofExclusion: The Roma Issue in Hungaryfrom 194s to 2015. Budapest: CEU Press. --------- . 2003. “Jelen és múlt között. A romákat érintő i960 utáni kisebbségi jogi szabályozás főbb állomásairól” [Between present
and past. About the main minority policies concern ing Roma after i960]. In Merre visz az útiA romákpolitikai és emberijogai a változó világban [Where does the road lead? Political and human rights of Roma in a changing world], edited by Balázs Majtényi, 241-258. Budapest: Lucidus Kiadó. Mamdani, Mahmood. 2002. “Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: A Political Perspective on Culture and Terrorism.” American Anthropologist 104 (3): 766-775. 207
References Maracz, Laszlo, zon. “Multilingualism in the Transleithanian Part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867-1918): Policy and Vrzaicel Jezikoslovje 13 (1): 169-Z98. Márton-Tóth, Andrea. 101$. “Soha többé! Emlékezés a roma holokausztra” [Never again! Re membering the Roma Holocaust). Népszava, August i. Marushiakova, Elena, and Vesselin Popov. 1003. “Ethnic Identities and Economic Strategies of Gypsies in the Countries of the Former USSR.” In Nomaden und Sesshafte—Fragen, Meth oden, Ergebnisse, edited by Thomas Herzog and Wolfgang Holzwarth, 189-310. Halle: Ori entwissenschaftliches Zentrum. Marushiakova, Elena, and Vesselin Popov. 1007. “The Gypsy Court in Eastern Europe.” Romani Studies 17 (1): 67-101. --------- , and Vesselin Popov. 1011. Roma History: State Policies under Communsim 6.1. Council of Europe, Education of Roma/Gypsy Children in Europe. --------- , and Vesselin Popov. 1013. Roma History: Russian Empire. Council of Europe, Educa tion of Roma/Gypsy Children in Europe. --------- , and Vesselin Popov. 1017. “Politics of Multilingualism in Roma Education in Early So viet Union and Its Current Projections.” Social Inclusion 5 (4): 48-59. --------- , and Vesselin Popov. 1010. ‘“Letter to Stalin’: Roma Activism vs. Gypsy Nomad ism in Central, South-Eastern and Eastern Europe before WWII.” Social Inclusion 8 (1): 165-176. McCall, George}. 1006. The Fieldwork Tradition. In: D. Hobbs, R. Wright (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook ofFieldwork. London, Sage. 3-13. http://dx.d0i.0rg/10.4135/9781848608085.n1 McGarry, Aidan. 1014. “Roma as a Political Identity: Exploring
Representations of Roma in Eu rope.” Ethnicities 14 (6): 756-774. McVeigh, Robbie. 1997. “Theorizing Sedentarism: The Roots ofAnti-Nomadism.” In Gypsy Pol itics and Traveller Identity, edited by Thomas Acton, 7-15. Hatfield: University of Hert fordshire Press. Medeiros, Priscilla. 1017. “A Guide for Graduate Students: Barriers to Conducting Qualitative Research among Vulnerable Groups.” Contingent Horizons, 3(1). https://contingenthorizons.com/1o17/o1/z5/a-guide-for-graduate-students-barriers-to-conducting-qualitative-research-among-vulnerable-groups. Messing, Vera. ion. “Good Practices Addressing School Intergation of Roma/Gypsy Children in Hungary.” In Eastern European Roma in the EU: Mobility, Discrimination, Solutions, ed ited by Anca Pusca, 138-154. Brussels: International Debate Education Association. Meyer, John W., David Tyack, Joane Nagel, and Audri Gordon. 1979. “Public Education as Nation-Building in America: Enrollments and Bureaucratization in the American States, 1870-1930.” American Journal ofSociology 85 (3): 591-613. Mezey, Barna (ed.). 1986. A magyarországi cigánykérdés dokumentumokban 1422-îÿés. Buda pest: Kossuth Könyvkiadó. Ministry of Education and Culture. 1008. Education in Hungary—Past, Present, Future—An Overview, http://www.0km.g0v.hu/let0lt/english/educati0n_in_hungary_080805.pdf. Mirga, Anna. n.d. Roma: In Search ofA Balanced Image. Open Society Foundation. Mirga-Kruszelnicka, Anna, and Jekatyerina Dunajeva. zon. Re-thinking Roma Resistance throughout History: Recounting Stories ofStrength and Bravery. Berlin: ERIAC. Mironov, B. N. ZO19.
“The Policy of Russifying in Late Imperial Russia and its Failure.” Russian History 46 (1): 84-101. Miskolci Reggeli Hírlap. 1938 May i. Accessed from the National Educational Library and Mu seum in Budapest. Mitchell, Timothy. 1988. Colonising Egypt. New York: Cambridge University Press. 208
References Molchanov, Mikhail A. 2000. “Nationalism as a Power Resource: A Russia—Ukraine Compar ison.” Nationalities Papers 28 (1): 263-288. MONITOR. 2014. “Fekete pont” [Blackdot], https://issuu.com/monitornyitottmuhely/docs/ monitor_fekete _pont_2o 14_tank_ nyvk. Moussa, Mario, and Ron Scapp. 1996. “The Practical Theorizing of Michel Foucault: Politics and Counter-Discourse.” Cultural Critique Spring (33): 87-112. Mócsy, Antal, József Petrovácz, and Gyula Walter. 1925. Második olvasókönyv: A katholikus népiskolák 2. osztálya számára [Second grade reader]. Budapest: Szt.-István-Társ. Muradov, Gulam. 1974. “The USSR Experience in Solving the National Question and the Lib erated Countries of the East.” Asian Survey 14 (3): 289-306. Nagy, Mária. 2002. “A cigány tanulókkal kapcsolatos pedagógiai problémák a pedagógusképzés ben és a fiatal pedagógusok munkájában” [Pedagogical problems associated with Roma stu dents in teacher training and the work of young teachers]. Uj Pedagógiai Szemle ri. Nane Tsokhe. 2006. Song from Gypsies Are Found Near Heaven. November 18. https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=MkguListsmw. Neményi, Mária. 2007. “Identity Strategies” [Identitásstratégiák]. Elet és Irodalom 51 (7). Népszabadság. 2010. “Hoffmann: alapvető fontosságú a magyarságismeret az iskolákban.” http:// nol.hu/belfold/hoffmann_ alapveto_fontossagu_a_magyarsagismeret_az_iskolakban. Népszava. 2019. “Kásler duplázná a Magyarságkutató Intézet forrásait, ahol havi 650 ezerért írnák újra a magyar őstörténetet” [Kasler plans to double the funding of the Institute of Hungarianness, where the
history of Hungarians would be rewritten for 650 thousand a month], https://nepszava.hu/3040619_kasler-duplazna-a-magyarsagkutat0-intezet-f0rrasait-ahol-havi-65o-ezerert-irnak֊ujra-a-magyar-ostortenetet. Neumann, Iver В. 1999. Uses ofthe Other:“The East” in European Identity Formation. Manches ter: Manchester University Press. New, William. 2014. “Regulating Roma Language and Culture in Central Europe.” Journal of Language and Cultural Education 2 (2): 165-181. Nogee, Joseph L., ed. 1972. Man, State, and Society in the Soviet Union. New York: Praeger Publishers. Nuhoglu Soysal, Yasemin, and David Strang. 1989. “Construction of the First Mass Education Systems in Nineteenth-Century Europe.” Sociology ofEducation 62 (4): 277-288. New York Times. 2011. “Hungarian Leader Takes On Foreign Critics.” January 6. https://www. nytimes.com/2011/01/07/w0rld/europe/07iht-hungary07.html. O’Keeffe, Brigid. 2013. New Soviet Gypsies: Nationality, Performance, and Selfhood in the Early Soviet Union. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. --------- . 1014. “Gypsies as a Litmus Test for Rational, Tolerant Rule: Fin-de-siècle Russian Eth nographers Confront the Comparative History of Roma in Europe.” InternationalJournal ofComparative and Applied CriminalJustice 38 (2): 109—131. Olasz, Lajos. 2014. “Az etnikai térszerkezet változása Magyarországon a két világháború között” [Ethnic changes in Hungary between the two world wars]. In Kulturális és társadalmi sokszínűség a változó gazdasági környezetben, edited by János Tibor Karlovitz, 251-156. Komárno: International Research Institute. Olsen,
Johan P. 2004. “Europeanization and Nation State Dynamics.” In The Future ofthe Na tion State: Essays on Cultural Pluralism and Political Integration, edited by Sverker Gustavs son and Leif Lewin, 139-163. New York: Routledge. Orbán, Viktor. 2013a. Year evaluation speech. http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=qGMG2M5wqRE. --------- . 2013b. Speech at the Twelfth Meeting of the Hungarian Standing Conference. 209
References https://1010-1014.k0rmany.hu/en/prime-minister-s-0ffice/the-prime-ministers-speeches/ viktor-orban-s-speech-at-the-izth-meeting-of-the-hungarian-standing-conference. Origo. 1013. “Orbán nem putyinozott, csak erős emberekről beszélt.” October 11. https://www. 0rig0.hu/itth0n/10131011-0rban-van-ra-esely-h0gy-0lyan-aut0riter-legyek-mint-putyin.html. Orsós, Anna. 1015. A roma kultúra reprezentációja a tartalomszabályozók, tartalomhordozók körében, valamint ezekfejlesztési lehetőségei“ Összegző tanulmány a kutatási eredményekről [Representation of Roma—Summary of research]. Budapest: Oktatáskutató és Fejlesztő Intézet. Pachirat, Timothy. 1003. “The Political in Political Ethnography: Dispatches from the Kill Floor.” In Political Ethnography: What Immersion Contributes to the Study ofPower, edited by Edward Schatz, 143-161. Chicago: Chicago University Press. Paikert, G. C. 1953. “Hungary’s National Minority Policies, 1910-1945.” American Slavic and East European Review 11 (1): 101-18. Parsons, Craig. 1003.И Certain Idea ofEurope. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Patkanov, К. P. 1887. Tsygany. Neskol’ko slov 0 narechiiakh zakavkazskikh tsygan: Bosha i karachi [Gypsies. A few words on the dialects of the Caucasus Gypsies: Bosha and Karachi], St. Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences. Patriot Park. 1019. “Парку ‘Патриот’ 5 лет!” [Patriot Park is five years old]. https://patriotp. ru/o-parke/popechitelskiy-sovet/novosti-popechitelskogo-soveta/parku-patriot-5-let/. Pavlenko, Aneta. 1011. “Linguistic Russification in the Russian Empire: Peasants into Russians?” [Языковая
руссификация в Российской империи: стали ли крестьяне русскими?] Russian Linguistics 35 (3): 331-50. Pearson, Raymond. 1991. “The Geopolitics of People Power: The Pursuit of the Nation-State in East Central Europe.” Journal ofInternational Affairs, 499-518. Pesti Hírlap. 1930 November 9. Accessed from the National Educational Library and Museum in Budapest. Petrova, Dimitrina. 1003. “The Roma: Between a Myth and a Future.” Social Research 70 (1): in-161. Piahanau, Aliaksandr. 1014. “Hungarian War Aims During WWI: Between Expansionism and Separatism.” Central European Papers г (f): 95-107. Pitard, Jayne. 1017. “A Journey to the Centre of Self: Positioning the Researcher in Autoethnog raphy.” Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung [Forum: Qualitative Social Research] 18 (3): 10. Plokhinskii, Μ. Μ. 1890. “Tsygane staroi Malorossii (po arkhivnym dokumentam)” [Gypsies of old Malorossiia (according to archival documents)]. Etnograficheskoe obozrenie [Ethno graphic Review] 7: 95-117. Polónyi, István. 1004. A hazaifelsőoktatás demográfiai összefüggései a 21. század elején [Demo graphic connections in higher education in Hungary in the twenty-first century]. Institute for Higher Educational Research, Budapest. Research Paper No 155. Polvinen, Tuomo. 1995. Imperial Borderland: Bobrikov and the Attempted Russification ofFinland 1898-1904. Durham: Duke University Press. Pomogyi, László. 1995. Cigánykérdés és cigányügyi igazgatás a polgári Magyarországon [The Gypsy question and administration of Gypsies in Hungary], Budapest: Osiris-Századvég. Pop, Daniel, zoiz. Education Policy and Equal
Education Opportunities. Open Society Foun dations. https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/uploads/fo6ee836-5o47-4f58-b8bb3i48ea6d4aco/education-policy-ioi 1010z18.pdf. Powell, Ryan, and Huub van Baar. Ζ019. “The Invisibilization of Anti-Roma Racisms.” In The Securitization ofthe Roma in Europe, edited by Huub van Baar, Ana Ivasiuc and Regina Kre ide, 91-114. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. 210
References Puresi, Barna Gyula. 2.004. “Cigányellenes javaslatok és razziák Pest megyében Endre László alispánsága idején (1928, 1939-1944)” [Anti-Gypsy proposals and pogroms in Pest county under deputy-lieutenant László Endre (1928, 1939-1944)] in Pharrajimos. Romák sorsa a nácizmus idején, I-II [Pharrajimos. The fate of Roma during the Nazi era, I-II], edited by János Bársony and Ágnes Daróczi, 35-59. Budapest: L’Harmattan. Pușca, Anca. ron. “Introduction.” In Eastern European Roma in the EU: Mobility, Discrimina tion, Solutions, by Anca Pușca, 1-12. New York: International Debate Education Association. -------- . 2013. “Representing Romani Gypsies and Travelers: Performing Identity from Early Photography to Reality Television.” International Studies Perspectives. Pusko, Gábor. 2005. “Cigányok és parasztok. Néhány alapvetés a cigány—nem cigány egymás mellett élés kérdésköréhez Tornaiján az ezredforduló környékén.” Kisebbségi léthelyzetek— interetnikus viszonyok (MTA Etnikai-nemzeti Kisebbségkutató Intézet) 101-126. Putin, Vladimir. 2012. Speech in Krasnodar. http://nevrS.kremlin.ru/news/16470. Putnam, RobertD. 1995. “Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital.” Journal ofDe mocracy 6 (1): 65-78. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL). 2020. “Russian Lawmakers Expand Scope of‘For eign Agents’ Law Limiting Press Freedom, Work of NGOs.” December 23. https://www. rferl.org/a/russian-lawmakers-foreign-agents-law/ 31015 312 .html. Ramirez, Francisco O„ andjohn Boli. 1987. “The Political Construction ofMass Schooling: Eu ropean Origins and Worldwide
Institutionalization.” Sociology ofEducation 60 (1): 2-17. Rannut, Mart. 1991. Beyond Linguistic Policy: The Soviet Union Versus Estonia. Roskilde Uni versity Center, Denmark. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED352803.pdf. Real Pearl Foundation (Igazgyöngy Alapítvány). Accessed May 2, 2021. https://igazgyongyalapitvany.hu/en/art-school/. REF (Roma Education Fund). 2011. “A New Roma Elite is Rising.” November 7. https://www. romaeducationfund.org/a-new-roma-elite-is-rising/ . -------- . 2020. http://www.romaeducationfund.hu/program. Reggeli Hírlap. 1935 June 8. Accessed from the National Educational Library and Museum in Budapest. RIA Dagestan. 2020. “В Дербенте обсуждены вопросы проведения совместных мероприятий для молодежи в парке ‘Патриот’” [In Derbent issues regarding joint youth events for youth in Patriot Park were discussedļ.March 12. https://riadagestan.ru/news/g_ derbent/v_derbente_obsuzhdeny_voprosy_provedeniya_sovmestnykh_meropriyatiy_ dlya_molodezhi_v_parke_patriot/. RIA Novyj Den. 2014. “Gypsies Arrested with Heroin.” December 5. https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=tpG-iow3Uv8. Ringold, Dena, Mitchell A. Orenstein, and Erika Wilkens. 2005. Roma in an Expanding Eu rope: Breaking the Poverty Cycle. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Ritchie, Jand, Jane Lewis, Carol McNaughton Nicholls, and Rachel Ormston, eds. 2013.Qual itative Research Practice: A Guidefor Social Science Students and Researchers. London: Sage. Roma Press Center (Roma Sajtóközpont). 2014. “Cigányozó etika gyerekeknek” [Anti-Roma ethics for children]. April 13. http://romasajtokozpont.hu/ciganyozo-
etika-gyerekeknek/. RomArchive. 2020. Accessed November 4. https://www.romarchive.eu/en/. Romaversitas. 2020. Accessed November 16. http://www.romaversitas.hu. Rossiya i. 2015a. “A family of 11 was arrested for drugs possession.” February 4. https://www. youtube.com/watch ?v=sYzM_fbXobU. -------- . 2015b. “A drug dealer greeted special forces with songs and reciting from religious texts duringher arrest.” June 5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BGiS5zI_O4 . 211
References Rothberg, Abraham. 2005. The Former People. New York: Edteck Press. Rövid, Márton. 2013a. “Solidarity, Citizenship, Democracy: The Lessons of Romani Activism.” European Yearbook ofMinority Issues Online (10)·. 381-396. --------- . 2013b. “Options of Roma Political Participation and Representation.” European Roma Rights Centre, Budapest. Russian National Program on Patriotic Education. 2015. http://archives.ru/programs/patriot_ 2015.shtml. Ryder, Andrew, Sarah Cemlyn, and Thomas Acton. 2014. Hearing the Voice ofthe Gypsy, Roma and Traveller Communities: Inclusive Community Development. Bristol: Policy Press at the University of Bristol. Sándor, Hegedűs. 2007. “Huszonöt éves abeás írásbeliség.” Barátság (2): 5303-5305. Said, Edward. 1978. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books. Schatz, Edward. 2009. PoliticalEthnography: What Immersion Contributes to the Study ofPower. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. --------- . 2000. “The Politics of Multiple Identities: Lineage and Ethnicity in Kazakhstan.” Eu rope-Asia Studies 52 (3): 489-506. Scott, James, Domination and the Arts ofResistance: Hidden Transcripts. New Haven: Yale University Press. --------- . 1998. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press. --------- . 2009. The Art ofNot Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press. Selling, Jan. 2018. “Assessing the Historical Irresponsibility of the Gypsy Lore Society in Light of Romani Subaltern Challenges.” Critical Romani StudiesJournal 1 (1) :
44-61. Shehata, Samer. 2006. “Ethnography, Identity, and the Production of Knowledge.” In Interpre tation and Method: Empirical Research Methods and the Interpretive Turn, edited by Dvora Yanow and Peregrine Schwartz-Shea, 244-263. New York: Μ. E. Sharpe. Sidorchik, Andrey. 2013. “Единая история. Путин рассказал, как правильно писать учебники” [Unified history. Putin explained how to write textbooks properly]. Argumenti i Fakti. February 20. https://aif.ru/society/education/4o737. Sierra, Maria. 2019. “Creating Romanestan: A Place to Be a Gypsy in Post-Nazi Europe.” Euro pean History Quarterly 49 (2): 272-92. Siklóvá, Jirina, and MartaMiklusakova. 1998. “DenyingCitizenship to the Czech Roma.”Edsr European Constitutional Review 7 (2): 58-64. Silverman, Carol. 1988. “Negotiating ‘Gypsiness’: Strategy in Context.” American Folklore So ciety 101 (401): 261-275. Slezkine, Yuri. 1994. Arctic Mirrors: Russia and the Samm Peoples ofthe North. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Smith, Anthony. 1986. Ethnic Origins ofNations. Malden: Blackwell Publishers. Snyder, Timothy. 2010. Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin. New York: Basic Books. Solt, Ottilia. 1998. Méltóságot mindenkinek. Összegyűjtött írások [Dignity for all. Collected works]. Vol. i. Budapest: Beszélő Politikai és Kulturális Folyóirat. Sontag, Susan. 1990. On Photography. New York: Anchor Books Doubleday. Soros, George. 2010. “Europe Needs Educated Roma.” First published in The Guardian, January 13, 2010. https://www.georgesoros.com/20ro/01/r3/europe-needs-educated-roma/ . Spencer, Margaret Beale, Dena Phillips
Swanson, and Michael Cunningham. 1991. “Ethnicity, Ethnic Identity, and Competence Formation: Adolescent Transition and Cultural Trans formation.” TheJournal ofNegro Education 60 (3): 366-387. 212
References Spira, Thomas. 1970. “Connections between Trianon Hungary and the Weimar Republic, and the Swabian Minority School Problem.” Internationales Jahrbuch Für Geschichts- Und Ge ographie-Unterricht 13: 164-190. Staley, Eugene. J966. “Education’s Role in Nation Building.” Science 153 (3731): 47-49. Stalin, J. 1913. “Marxism and the National Question.” https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/i9i3/o3.htm. -------- . 1946. Сочинения [Essays]. Moscow: Государственное издательство политической литературы [State publisher of political literature]. -------- . 1947. Works. Vol. 5. Moscow: Gospolitizdat. Starr, Paul. 1992. “Social Categories and Claims of the Liberal State.” Social Research įį) (2): 263-295. Stewart, Michael. 1997. The Time ofthe Gypsies. Boulder: WestviewPress. -------- . 2001. “Communist Roma Policy, 1945-89 as Seen through a Hungarian Case.” In Be tween Past and Future: The Roma ofCentral and Eastern Europe, edited by Will Guy, 71-92. Hertfordshire: University of Hertfordshire Press. -------- . 2012. The Gypsy ‘Menace’: Populism and the New Anti-Gypsy Politics. London: Hurst Company. Suny, Ronald G. 1992. State-Building and Nation Making: The Evolution ofEthnonationalism under Soviet Rule. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. -------- . 2001. “The Empire Strikes Out: Imperial Russia, ‘National’ Identity, and Theories of Empire.” In A State ofNations: Empire and Nation-Making in the Age ofLenin and Stalin, edited by Ronald Grigor Suny and Martin Terry, 23-66. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Surányi, István. 2005. “Alapfokú oktatás
Székesfehérváron 1920 és 1945 között” [Basic educa tion in Székesfehérvár between 1920 and 1945]· Neveléstörténet 1 (2): 95-IZ5. Surdu, Mihai, and Martin Kovats. 2015. “Roma Identity as an Expert-Political Construction.” Social Inclusion 3 (5): 5-18. -------- . 20j6. Those Who Count: Expert Practices ofRoma Classification. Budapest: Central Eu ropean University Press. Szász, Zoltán. 2002. “Political Life and the Nationality Question in the Era of Dualism (18671918).” In History of Transylvania, Volume III. From 1830 to 1919, edited by Zoltán Szász. New York: Columbia University Press. Szabóné Kármán, Judit. 2002. “Családi és iskolai szocializáció eltérő vonásai a roma gyerme kek életében” [Differences in family and school socialization in the life of Roma children]. Védőnő 12 (б). Szalai, Julia. 1999. Poverty in Transition and Transition in Poverty: Recent Developments in Hun gary, Bulgaria, Romania, Georgia, Russia, Mongolia. UNESCO. Szalayné Sándor, Erzsébet. 2017. A roma holokauszt oktatásának társadalmi szemléletformáló szerepéről és hazai helyzetéről [The societal role and national case of educating about the Roma Holocaust], Statement, United Nations’ National Human Rights Institution. Szemere, Katalin. 2014. “A cigányságot nem lehet ma büszkén megélni” [It’s impossible to be a proud Gypsy today]. Népszabadság. January 18. http://n0l.hu/archivum/20140118-a_ ciganysagot_nem_lehet_ma_buszken_megelni-i438737. Szociális és Munkaügyi Minisztérium [Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs]. 2010. A be fogadó társadalomért [For an inclusive society]. Szociális és Munkaügyi
Minisztérium Esélyegyenlőségi Szakállamtitkársága [Ministry of Labor and Social Equality State Secretariat]. Szuhay, Péter. 2002. “Az egzotikus vadembertől a hatalom önnön legitimálásáig. A magyar országi cigányokról készített fotók típusai.” Beszélő (7-8): 97-106. 213
References --------- . 2.003. “Kultúraértelmezések az iskola világában” [Understanding culture in the world of schools]. “EszmeCsere az integrációért” konferencia [Exchanging opinions for integration conference], Budapest, http://www.nefmi.gov.hu /eszmecsere/EszmeCs.html. Szóró, Ilona. 2019. Monopolization ofeducation: Nationalization ofChurch Schools in Hungary. Athens: NORDSCI Conference: Education and Educational Research Section. Takenaga, Lara. 2019. ‘“I Will Never Be German: Immigrants and Mixed-Race Families in Ger many on the Struggle to Belong.” The New York Times, November 9. https://www.nytimes. com/2019/11 /08/reader-center/german-identity.html. Tarkanyi Elementary School. 2021. Accessed February 17. http://tarkanyiskola.hu/tortenet.html. Tarr, Zoltan. 1999. “Ethnicity, Nationality, and Nationalism in Early Austrian-Hungarian Social Science.” In Surviving the Twentieth Century: Social Philosophy from the Frankfurt School to the Columbia Faculty Seminars, edited by Judith Marcus, 97-106. Piscataway, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. TASZ (Hungarian Civil Liberties Union). 2015. What is the Problem with the Hungarian Law on Foreign FundedNGOs?https://hciu.hu/Gles/tasz/imce/zoi1/what-is-the-problein-withthe-law-on-foreign-funded-ngos.pdf. TASZ (The Hungarian Civil Liberties Union). 2017. Independent Civil Society Under Attack. Sep tember 12. https://hclu.hu/en/articles/independent-civil-society-under-attack-in-hungary-i. Teczár, Szilárd. 2014. “Az ember államosítása’ - Arató László a tankönyvbotrányról” [‘Nation alization of people’ - László Arató about the
textbook scandal], Magyar Narancs. April 17. https://magyarnarancs.hu/belpol/az-ember-allamositasa-arato-laszlo-a-tankonyvbotranyrol89676. Tewatia, T. C. 1975. “Soviet Theory of Federalism.” The Indian Journal ofPolitical Science 16 (2): 177-91· Thaden, Edward. 1964. Conservative Nationalism in Nineteenth-Century Russia. Seattle: Uni versity of Washington Press. Thorpe, Nick. 2014. “Hungary court orders school closure over Roma segregation.” BBC. Febru ary 28. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-2639o357. The Economist. 2011. “Hungary’s Plan for the Roma.” April 8. http://www.economist.com/ blogs/easternapproaches/2ou/o4/europes_roma. The Save the Children Fund. 2001. Denied a Future? Volume 2. London: Save the Children. The Telegraph. 2013. “Viktor Orban interview: ‘Patriotism is a good thing’.” October 15. https:// www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/hungary/1o373959/Viktor-Orban-interview-Patriotism-is-a-good-thing.html. Thurston, Robert. 1984. “Developing Education in Late Imperial Russia: The Concerns of State, ‘Society’and People in Moscow, 1906-14.” Russian History 11 (1): 53-82. Tilly, Charles. 1975. “Reflections on the History of European State-Making.” In The Formation ofNational States in Western Europe, edited by Charles Tilly. Princeton: Princeton Univer sity Press. --------- . 1992. Coercion, CapitalandEuropean States: AD990-1992. Cambridge: Wiley-Blackwell. Tremlett, A. 2017. Visualising everyday ethnicity: moving beyond stereotypes of Roma minori ties. Identities, 24(6), 720-740. https://d0i.0rg/10.1080/1070289X.2017.1379927 Tremlett, Annabel,
Vera Messing, and Angéla Kóczé. 2017. “Romaphobia and the Media: Mech anisms of Power and the Politics of Representations.” Identities 24 (6): 641-649. Trope, Y„ and E. Thompson. 1997. “Looking for Truth in all the Wrong Places? Asymmetric Search of Individuating Information about Stereotyped Group Members.” Journal ofPer sonality and Social Psychology yy (2): 229-241. Tsvetkov, Georgiy. 2008. “История и социальное развитие цыган-ловаря” [History and so- 214
References cial development of Lovara Gypsies], In Роми Украйни: із минулого в майбутні [Ukrai nian Roma], 471-488. Tureli, Μ. Teresa, and Angel Marzo, zooi, “lhe Gitano Communities.” In Multilingualism in Spain: Sociolingüístic and Psycholinguistic Aspects ofLinguistic Minority Groups, edited by Μ. Teresa Tureli, 215-234. Bristol: Cromwell Press. Tóth, Andrea. 1019. “‘Odavittek bennünket, ahol égették a halottakat’—A roma holokauszt emlékezete [“They took us where dead bodies were burning”—remembering the Roma Holocaust], Neokohn, August z. https://neokohn.hu/2019/08/02/odavittek-bennunketahol-egettek-a-halottakat-a-roma-holokauszt-emlekezete/ . Új Barázda. 1933 January 22. Accessed from the National Educational Library and Museum in Budapest. UNESCO. 2006. UNESCO Guidelines on Intercultural Education. https://unesdoc.unesco. org/ark:/48zz3/pfooooi47878. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, n.d. Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies) 1939-1945. Accessed January 2 0 21. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/ genocide-of-european-roma-gypsies-i 939-1945. Unyatyinszki, György. zoi6. “Láthatatlanok a romák a tankönyvekben, katasztrófa eddig az áll ami tankönyvrendszer” [Roma are invisible in textbooks, state textbook system is a catastro phe so far] Eduline, Aptril 11. https://eduline.hu/kozoktatas/Romak_a_tankonyvekben_ Ok_ismi_vagyunk_G 5 BZVZ. Vardy, Steven B. 1983. “The Impact of Trianon upon Hungary and the Hungarian Mind: The Nature of Interwar Hungarian Irredentism.” Hungarian Studies Review 10 (1): 21-42. Vermeersch, Peter. 2007. The Romani Movement:
Minority Politics and Ethnic Mobilization in Contemporary Central Europe. New York: Berghahn. Vidra, Zsuzsanna, and Jon Fox. 2014. “Mainstreaming of Racist Anti-Roma Discourses in the Media in Hungary.” Journal ofImmigrant and Refugee Studies 12 (4): 437-455. Wagner, Francis S. 1987. “The Gypsy Problem in Postwar Hungary.” Hungarian Studies Review 14 W·· 33-43. Weber, Eugen. 1976. Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization ofRural France, 1870-1914. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Wedeen, Lisa. 1999. Ambiguities ofDomination: Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbols in Contemporary Syria. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. --------- . 2009. “Ethnography as Interpretive Enterprise.” In Political Ethnography: What Im mersion Contributes to the Study ofPower, edited by Edward Schatz, 75-94. Chicago: Uni versity of Chicago Press. Weeks, Theodore R. 1996. Nation and State in Late Imperial Russia: Nationalism and Russifica tion on the Western Frontier, 1863-1114. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press. --------- . 2001. “Russification and the Lithuanians, Slavic Review 60 (1): 9Ճ-114. --------- . 2004. “Russification: Word and Practice 1863-1914.” Proceedings ofthe American Phil osophical Society 148 (4): 471-89. Weitz, Eric D. 2002. “Racial Politics without the Concept of Race: Reevaluating Soviet Ethnic and National Purges.” Slavic Review 61 (1): 1-29. White, George W. 1992. “Territorial Dimensions of Hungarian Ethnic Identity.” Yearbook ofthe Association ofPacific Coast Geographers 54: 23-48. World Bank. 2001. Alternative Schools and Roma Education. Bajapress. Youth
Agency ofAstrakhan region. 2020. “В Астраханской области появится парк‘Патриот’" [In Astrakhan region there will be a Patriot Park). August 5. https://mol.astrobl.ru/special/ press-release/v-astrahanskoy-oblasti-poyavitsya-park-patriot. 215
References Yanow, Dvora, and Peregrine Schwartz-Shea. 2006. Interpretation and Method: Empirical Re search Methods and the Interpretive Turn. New York: Μ. E. Sharpe. Zajda, Joseph. 1979. “Education for Labour in the USSR.” Comparative Education 15 (3): 287-99. -------- . 1988. “The Moral Curriculum in the Soviet School.” Comparative Education 24 (3): 389-404. Zsilák, Szilvia. 2018. “Az állami tankönyvek teljes hatalomátvételétől tartanak a kiadók” [Presses fear complete takeover by government textbooks]. Index. May 10. https://index.hu/ belfold/2oi8/o5/io/lejaro_engedelyek_a_tankonyvpiacon/. 216 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Dunajeva, Jekatyerina |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1259931722 |
| author_facet | Dunajeva, Jekatyerina |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Dunajeva, Jekatyerina |
| author_variant | j d jd |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047955680 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1334018660 (DE-599)BVBBV047955680 |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>04460nam a2200769 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV047955680</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20220708 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">220426s2021 a||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9789633864159</subfield><subfield code="c">hbk.</subfield><subfield code="9">978-963-386415-9</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1334018660</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV047955680</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Dunajeva, Jekatyerina</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1259931722</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Constructing identities over time</subfield><subfield code="b">"bad gypsies" and "good roma" in Russia and Hungary</subfield><subfield code="c">Jekatyerina Dunajeva</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Budapest ; New York</subfield><subfield code="b">Central European University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xiii, 223 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Critical Romani studies book series</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"Jekatyerina Dunajeva explores how two dominant stereotypes-"bad Gypsies" and "good Roma"-took hold in formal and informal educational institutions in Russia and Hungary. She shows that over centuries "Gypsies" came to be associated with criminality, lack of education, and backwardness. The second notion, of proud, empowered, and educated "Roma," is a more recent development. By identifying five historical phases-pre-modern, early-modern, early and "ripe" communism, and neomodern nation-building-the book captures crucial legacies that deepen social divisions and normalize the constructed group images. The analysis of the state-managed Roma identity project in the brief korenizatsija program for the integration of non-Russian nationalities into the Soviet civil service in the 1920s is particularly revealing, while the critique of contemporary endeavors is a valuable resource for policy makers and civic activists alike. The top-down view is complemented with the bottom-up attention to everyday Roma voices. Personal stories reveal how identities operate in daily life, as Dunajeva brings out hidden narratives and subaltern discourse. Her handling of fieldwork and self-reflexivity is a model of sensitive research with vulnerable groups"--</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Kulturelle Identität</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4033542-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Zigeuner</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4067777-1</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Roma</subfield><subfield code="g">Volk</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4050473-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Stereotyp</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4057329-1</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Schule</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4053474-1</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Ungarn</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4078541-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Russland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4076899-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Romanies / Russia (Federation) / History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Romanies / Hungary / History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Romanies / Ethic identity / History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Tsiganes / Russie / Histoire</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Tsiganes / Hongrie / Histoire</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Romanies</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Hungary</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Russia (Federation)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="6"><subfield code="a">History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Russland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4076899-5</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Ungarn</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4078541-5</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Zigeuner</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4067777-1</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Roma</subfield><subfield code="g">Volk</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4050473-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Stereotyp</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4057329-1</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="5"><subfield code="a">Schule</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4053474-1</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="6"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Russland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4076899-5</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Ungarn</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4078541-5</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Roma</subfield><subfield code="g">Volk</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4050473-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Kulturelle Identität</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4033542-2</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe, ebk.</subfield><subfield code="z">978-963-386416-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033336966&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033336966&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Literaturverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">BSB_NED_20220708</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033336966</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909.0491497</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="g">947.08</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909.0491497</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="g">471</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">370.9</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="g">471</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909.0491497</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="g">439</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">370.9</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="g">439</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Ungarn (DE-588)4078541-5 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Ungarn Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV047955680 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T19:38:53Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:26:40Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789633864159 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033336966 |
| oclc_num | 1334018660 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xiii, 223 Seiten Illustrationen |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220708 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Central European University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Critical Romani studies book series |
| spelling | Dunajeva, Jekatyerina Verfasser (DE-588)1259931722 aut Constructing identities over time "bad gypsies" and "good roma" in Russia and Hungary Jekatyerina Dunajeva Budapest ; New York Central European University Press 2021 xiii, 223 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Critical Romani studies book series "Jekatyerina Dunajeva explores how two dominant stereotypes-"bad Gypsies" and "good Roma"-took hold in formal and informal educational institutions in Russia and Hungary. She shows that over centuries "Gypsies" came to be associated with criminality, lack of education, and backwardness. The second notion, of proud, empowered, and educated "Roma," is a more recent development. By identifying five historical phases-pre-modern, early-modern, early and "ripe" communism, and neomodern nation-building-the book captures crucial legacies that deepen social divisions and normalize the constructed group images. The analysis of the state-managed Roma identity project in the brief korenizatsija program for the integration of non-Russian nationalities into the Soviet civil service in the 1920s is particularly revealing, while the critique of contemporary endeavors is a valuable resource for policy makers and civic activists alike. The top-down view is complemented with the bottom-up attention to everyday Roma voices. Personal stories reveal how identities operate in daily life, as Dunajeva brings out hidden narratives and subaltern discourse. Her handling of fieldwork and self-reflexivity is a model of sensitive research with vulnerable groups"-- Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Kulturelle Identität (DE-588)4033542-2 gnd rswk-swf Zigeuner (DE-588)4067777-1 gnd rswk-swf Roma Volk (DE-588)4050473-6 gnd rswk-swf Stereotyp (DE-588)4057329-1 gnd rswk-swf Schule (DE-588)4053474-1 gnd rswk-swf Ungarn (DE-588)4078541-5 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Romanies / Russia (Federation) / History Romanies / Hungary / History Romanies / Ethic identity / History Tsiganes / Russie / Histoire Tsiganes / Hongrie / Histoire Romanies Hungary Russia (Federation) History Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Ungarn (DE-588)4078541-5 g Zigeuner (DE-588)4067777-1 s Roma Volk (DE-588)4050473-6 s Stereotyp (DE-588)4057329-1 s Schule (DE-588)4053474-1 s Geschichte z DE-604 Kulturelle Identität (DE-588)4033542-2 s Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebk. 978-963-386416-6 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033336966&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033336966&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Dunajeva, Jekatyerina Constructing identities over time "bad gypsies" and "good roma" in Russia and Hungary Kulturelle Identität (DE-588)4033542-2 gnd Zigeuner (DE-588)4067777-1 gnd Roma Volk (DE-588)4050473-6 gnd Stereotyp (DE-588)4057329-1 gnd Schule (DE-588)4053474-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4033542-2 (DE-588)4067777-1 (DE-588)4050473-6 (DE-588)4057329-1 (DE-588)4053474-1 (DE-588)4078541-5 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Constructing identities over time "bad gypsies" and "good roma" in Russia and Hungary |
| title_auth | Constructing identities over time "bad gypsies" and "good roma" in Russia and Hungary |
| title_exact_search | Constructing identities over time "bad gypsies" and "good roma" in Russia and Hungary |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Constructing identities over time "bad gypsies" and "good roma" in Russia and Hungary |
| title_full | Constructing identities over time "bad gypsies" and "good roma" in Russia and Hungary Jekatyerina Dunajeva |
| title_fullStr | Constructing identities over time "bad gypsies" and "good roma" in Russia and Hungary Jekatyerina Dunajeva |
| title_full_unstemmed | Constructing identities over time "bad gypsies" and "good roma" in Russia and Hungary Jekatyerina Dunajeva |
| title_short | Constructing identities over time |
| title_sort | constructing identities over time bad gypsies and good roma in russia and hungary |
| title_sub | "bad gypsies" and "good roma" in Russia and Hungary |
| topic | Kulturelle Identität (DE-588)4033542-2 gnd Zigeuner (DE-588)4067777-1 gnd Roma Volk (DE-588)4050473-6 gnd Stereotyp (DE-588)4057329-1 gnd Schule (DE-588)4053474-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kulturelle Identität Zigeuner Roma Volk Stereotyp Schule Ungarn Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033336966&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033336966&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dunajevajekatyerina constructingidentitiesovertimebadgypsiesandgoodromainrussiaandhungary |