Kazakh Muslims in the Red Army, 1939-1945:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Leiden ; Boston
Brill
[2022]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Brill's Inner Asian library
volume 42 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | VII, 216 Seiten 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789004514942 |
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| adam_text | Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations x ix Introduction i Kazakh Society and Literature 5 PART 1 Kazakh Society and Literature before the Second World War 1 Kazakhs on the Eve of World War 11 : A Devastated Society 13 1 Kinship and Cultural Revolution: The Assault on the Family and Tradition 14 2 The Kazakh Auil Community 18 3 Collectivization, Sedentarization and Famine 20 4 Islam in Kazakh Society and the Anti-religious Campaigns 24 2 Collective Violence and Military Service in Kazakh Imagination and Experience Before World War и 26 1 Kazakhs and Conscription 31 3 The Sources: Kazakh Letter-Poems in Their Literary and Social Contexts 38 1 Verse Genres and Their Social Functions 39 2 The Evolution of the Letter-Poem as a Wartime Compositional Genre 43 3 Letter-Poems and Conscription 44 4 A Kazakh Letter-Poem Treatise from the Russo-Japanese War 49 5 Muslim Narrative Poems of the First World War 53 6 World War 11 Letter-Poems as Literary and Social Phenomena 58 6.1 The Authors ofLetter-Poems 58 6.2 Common Structural and Thematic Elements 59 6,3 Circulation, Censorship, and Preservation 62 6.4 The Study and Publication ofLetter-Poems 66
VI CONTENTS PART 2 The Kazakh War Experience through the Lens of the Letter-Poem 4 Stages and Events of the War Experience 71 1 Conscription and Leaving Home 71 2 Foreign Lands and Landscapes 77 3 At the Front 80 4 Battle 84 5 Advance and Retreat 87 6 Weapons 92 7 The Deaths of Comrades 95 8 Rations 97 5 Wounds and the Hospital 101 1 Being Wounded 103 2 Recovery in the Hospital 107 3 Coping with Permanent Injury 112 6 Kazakh and Muslim in the Red Army 117 1 Being Kazakh in the Red Army 121 2 Islamic Thought and Soviet Materialism 3 Sufism 137 4 Sources of Muslim Heroism 141 130 7 The Home Front: Separation, Kinship, and Unity 146 1 Lineage and Kinship in Letter-Poems 147 1.1 Lineages 150 2 The Bonds between the Front and Rear 155 3 Addressing Personal and Social Distress 162 8 Political Dimensions and Meaning 166 1 Kazakhs and Patriotism 166 1.1 Local Patriotism 171 1.2 Kazakh Patriotism 174 1.3 Soviet Patriotism 178 1.4 Islamic Patriotism 181 2 The Foe: Hitler and the Germans 183 3 Prisoner of War Camps and the Gulag 188 4 Political Evaluations 196
CONTENTS Conclusion 200 Glossary 203 Bibliography 204 Index 210 VII
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Index loist Special Rifle Brigade 107 1905 Revolution 43 1916 Revolt 13,33-34,54-55 ist Byelorussian Front 147 8th Guards Rifle Division. See Panfilov Division Äbdikeshov, Tïlegen 59,107,155 Äbdiräsflov, Äbflpäsim 76, 85 Abdulin, Mansur 5 Abdullina, Äsiya 64 Abïlay Khan 17, 27-29,42,92 Äbflov, Nürtay 114 Ablay Khan. See Abïlay Khan Abraham (prophet) 145,194 Abzalov, Akhmetzhan 83,143,148 Afghanistan 22,44 Akhetül i, Ädis 135,147,173 Ákhmädijämaletdin 53 Akmolinsk (city) 27,64 Akmolinsk oblasť 18,34,57 Aktiubinsk. See Aqtöbe Alban (lineage) 171 Albi 195 Ali (Caliph) 30-31,51, 92,142-143,152 Äliasqarov, Alïmbay 171 Âlîm (lineage) 141 Äliyev, Momaqan 171 Almaty 66,77-78,140 Älqozhayev, Raqïsh 149,178-179 Altay 106 Amanbayev, Zhälel 65 Amanov, Imangeldï 176 Amanzholov, Âbïlqayïm 77,127 Amanzholov, Ämírzhan 134 Amirova, Kadesh 149 ancestor spirits. See iiruaqtar anti-religious policies 24,40,118,132,135, 181,199 aq süyek 17,24 aqïn 41,55 Aqïnülï, Nürtaza 81,181,185 Aqmïrzayev, Ïdïris 126 Aqseyïtov, Qaldïbek 189 Aqtas 19,73,170 Aqtöbe oblasť 81,151-152,181 Aral (district) 88 Aral Sea 59 Arghïn (lineage) 16,28 Arif Qurmânülï 32,49-53,55,57 Arïnov, Tïlebay 62,72,128 Aris 124 Aristan Khan 153 Aristanbap (shrine) 140 äruaqtar 17,24, 29, 94,137-138,142,153 Ashïmülï, Äbduäll 184 Astrakhan oblasť 67 Äteyev, Shahzada 89 Äuezov, Mükhtar 55 aulì community 18-20 Aukhinov, Nürtaza. See Nürtaza Aqïnülï’ Austria 90, 94, из, 136,197 Aymanov, Äshirbek 75 ayiïs 40-41 Ayzhanov, Akhmetiya 126 Âzïrkhan Küzembayülï 64 Balaton, Lake 82 Baltic States 36 Baraba Steppe 46 Basharov, Qabiden 163 Bashkir
literature 45-47,54 Bashkiria 125 Bashkirs 17, 32-ЗЗ, 43, 45, 47, 72,125,127, 167-168,181 Bafirbayev, Rakhmet 68,79,126,194 Bayan-batïr 28 Baybaghïsülï, Türdïqül 73, 99,125 Baydïldin, Sh. 65 bäyet 45-46,53-54,77, 93101,167 Bäygiül i, Abdrakhman 182 bays 21, 25,35,53-54,151,189 Baytana-baťír 28 Baytas (poet) 57 Bäytenova, Gülsün 58,60,64,66-67,150, 158,120,123 Bâytikülï, Toghanas 141 Bek, Aleksandr 177 Beket Ata 153 Bekshentayülï, Seyïtzhan-aqïn 55
211 INDEX Bekzhanov, Änuarbak 147,185 Belgorod 115 Berdenov, Bïrzhan 34,56-57,77 Berlin 85,180,197 Bessarabia 36,85, 94,192 Beysenbay Qasqïrbayülï 59,68,115-116,136, 141,199 Bimatülï, Qozhakhan 72,133,144,148,157 Bôgembay-batïr 27-28 Boksitogorsk 83 bolīs 15,34 Bolsheviks 34 Bonner, Yelena 4 Börïbasov, Sisen 189 Briansk 78,85,95 Budapest 82,85,87,91 Budënnyi, Semën 179 Biikey Horde. See Inner Horde Bukhara 28,85, 88,92,139,168 Bulgaria 197 Buryatia 79 Buryats 79 Bustanov, Alfrid 119 Byelorussia 184,192 Byelorussians 2,167 Caliphs 17,24,30-31,131,142-143 Cameron, Sarah 20 Carmack, Roberto 6,36,72,121-122,127, 169-170,177-178 Catherine the Great 46 Central Asia 2,13,24,26,31, 33,43,45,54, 117-120,132,137,140,182 Chala-Kazakhs. See Shala-Qazaqs Chechens 1 Cheliabinsk (city) 56,78,100 Cheliabinsk oblasť 76 Chełmno 192 China 22 Chingisíds. See töre Chokaev. See Mustafa Shoqay Christianization 33 Chuvash 167 Civil War, Russian 5,26,34 Cold War 2,102,117-118 collectivization 6,13-14,18,20-25,36 colonialism 153,201 colonization 13,21, 33,153 commoner lineages. See qara lineages Communist Party 76,201,121-122,124,129, 178-179 confiscation 21,25,36 conscription 21, 31-37,44-45,71-7Յ, 75,79, 123,170: of Tatars and Bashkirs 45-46,49 Cossacks 45,47-48 Crimean Tatars 1,146 Cultural Revolution 20 Czechoslovakia 94,197 Dajjal 185,197 Dar al-Harb 33 Dar al-Islam 33 Dauïtbayev, Esentür 79 Dnieper River 95 Don River 91 Donbass 91,151,190 Dulat (lineage) 27 Dvina River 56-57 East Kazakhstan oblasť 189 East Prussia 90 Eden, Jeff 119,200 Edgar, Adrienne 20 Egïzbayev, Abzell 107 Ekaterinburg 56
Emba River 153-154 epic poetry 26-30,38,41-42,44,92,130-131, 142,152,176-178 Erishov, Äbdirey 59,76 Esbayev, Täzhibek 189 Esenäliyev, Äbiltay 76,180 Esenbay (lineage) 164 Esïrkepov, Zhayïq 107 Esqayïr (poet) 34,57 esttrtu 42 ethics, Islamic 8,14,25,102,117,120,137 etiquette, Islamic 123,131 famine 5-6,13-14,20,22-23,25,36,97,146, 152,170-171,179,191,193 February Revolution 57 Finland 36,184 France 1,48,189,195,201 Genatullin, Anatolii 4 genealogies 16,38,182
212 Germans շ, 4,8ı, 85, 88,94,128,166,178, 183-189,191-192,196-197· See also Volga Germans Germany 1, 85,129,181-184,186-188, 195-197 Ghabdullina, Naghima 64 Ghilmani, Saquaqas 16-17,22-23,27,33, 40,42,169 Goloshchekin, Filipp 23, 25 Gor kii oblasť 46 Great Britain 1,201 Grodekov, N.I. 15,17 Gulag 60,68,79,135,146,152,166,188 195-196 Hamburg 79,126,194 Hasan ibn Ali 30 Hastings, Max 1 heroism, Kazakh 26,28-31,35,116,120,131, 141-142 Hitler, Adolf 129,155,166,181-185,197 Hungary 81, 94,181,197 Husayn ibn Ali 30 Ïbïrayïmov, Zhahansha 59,130 Ïlgekbayülï, Qasayïn-molda 189 Ïliyasülï, Qamar 151 Inner Horde 16-17,141 Iran 80,137 Irkutsk 79,176,189,195 ishans 18,25-26,182 Islam: and education 23,41; and kinship 24-25. See also Soviet Islam; patriotism; saints; theology; etiquette; ethics Isqaq-bab 31 Italy 79,194 Ivanovo 110-111 Jacob (prophet) 144 jadlds 28,43 Jângirülï, Shädl-töre 28-29,42 Janid Dynasty 28 Jews 4-5 Job (prophet) 144,194 Joseph (prophet) 144,149 Junior Zhiiz 17,141,151 INDEX Kalinin no Kalinin Front 79,83,99,104,107,110 Kalmyks 1,146 Kaluga 78 Kamchatka 61 Karaganda. See Qaraghandï Karakalpakstan 59 Käribayev, Bertay 105,139-140 Karimülï, Diiysenbay 133 Karlag 189 Kashlubayev, Ákhmät 54 Katanov, Nikolai 45 Kazakh customs 20-21,126,128 Kazakh language 39, 66, 93,121,123,166 Kazakh literature 5-7, ЗО, 44-45,171, 181: and genres 38-41,60; and religion 42; and verse 38; and warfare 26-27,49,53-57,133,141,183; and women 60,158 Kazakh social structure 7,14-15,17-21: and economic life 18-19,21,182; and solidarity 7,19-20,23-25,83,117,122, 131-132,147,149,150 Kazan
(city) 4,53,78 Kazan Province 52-53 Kazan Tatars. See Tatars Kenzheghülülï, Nürtughan 59 Kerey (lineage) 34,57 Keykï-batïr. See Nürmaghambet Kökembayülï Kharkov Encirclement 85, 88,126,128-129, 190-196 Khiva 28,48,168 Khizr (prophet) 142 khoja. See qozha kinship and lineage 7,14-16,22-23: and class 20,23; and literature 40, 147-154; and religion 24; and warfare 26 Kireeva, Darikha 103 Kokand 28,176,183 Kökbűlaq 73,99 Kokchetav. See Kokshetau Kökembayülï, Nürmaghambet 55 Kökpekti 32,49-50 Kokshetau (city) 73,75,135 Kokshetau (region) 17,59,64, 66-67, 89, 103,105,128,130,132,148-149,163, 171-173,175-178,184,190
INDEX Koľchugino 109-m Kolyma 171 köngïl aytu 42 Kuban 189 Kudriashev, Petr 47 kulaks 21 Kurgan 56 Kursk 95 Küshpanov, Mïrzat 109,187 Kustanai. See Qostanay Kyrgyz 2,15-16,28,33,43, 92,106-107, 123 legal debates 33,168 Lend-Lease 97 Leningrad (city) 59,73,79, 85,97,182-183 Leningrad Front 123,130,161 Leningrad oblasť 83,103 letter-poems 6-7,43,46,59-60: censorship and monitoring of 62-64; and conscription 44-45; and education 59; structure of 60-61; study of 58, 60 lineage. See kinship and lineage Liaoyang, Battle of 50 Lopez, Jean 4 Lyko, B.A. 15-16 Makhambetov, Äbdilda 59 Makhanov, Zhau inbay 76,171 Makhimov, Zhümaghazï 151-153,171 Manchuria 32,49-52,77,107 Mangghistau 21 Mangyshlak. See Mangghistau Maqanova, Maghripa 148 Maqsudova, Zaynap 119 Mäshhür-Zhüsip Köpeyülï 43 Mäzhikeyev, Zhümakhmet 72 Medetova, Raisa 158 Merridale, Catherine 4,76,179 Middle Zhüz 16 Minsk 34,57,190 Mirzakeldïülï, Shaghïray 141 Mogilev 88,139 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact 36 Momïshülï, Bauïrzhan 177 Mongolia 79 Moscow 53,78 Moyïnqüm raion 124 213 Multiate 21,182 Muhammad (prophet) 17,24,30-31,38,53, 137,142-143-152,167 Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiya 30 Muhammad-Khațîb b. Abd al-Lațîf al-Qurmāshī 53 Mukden, Battle of 50 Mükhamedzhanov, Mükhametzhan 78,105 munajat 53,72,157 Müsayev, Päzilbek 90, из, 136 Napoleonic War 47-48,167 nationalism 28,121,167,174 nationality policy, Soviet 2-3,6,29,121 Nayman (lineage) 189 Nazar (lineage) 151 Nazarbayev, Nursultan 180 NazarbekovAytbay 124 Nazi ideology 2 Nicholas n 13,33, 54 Nikulin, Nikolai 73,101 Nizhnii-Novgorod 53 nko 36,122 NKVD 63,97,147,152,179,188 Noah
(prophet) 144 noble lineages. See aq süyek Noghays (Kazakh lineage) 17 nomadism 13-14,20 North Kazakhstan oblasť 20,73,134,151, 170,181 Novocherkassk 91 Novosibirsk (city) 78 Novosibirsk oblasť 46 Niirkenov, Iliyas 77,198 Nürmükhamedülï, Zhanqozha 141,176 October Revolution 54 Odessa 47, 85,192 Oka River 78 օևոց 43-44,55 Ömïrbekülï, Äbdibek 128,138 Omsk (city) 50,78 Omsk oblasť 22 oral literature, Kazakh 4,6,38,40,44,158 Oral. See Ural sk Orel 95 Orenburg (city) 53,78 Orenburg (region) 54, 67,94
214 Orinbayev, Omar 85,97,128,134,140,142, 144,150,190,192,194 Ornashbash 52 Orsha 57 Öskemen 55 otan 166-167,171,183 Ötemïsülï, Makhanbet 141,152,176,178 Otkhmezuri, Lasha 4,179 Otrar 140 Panfilov Division 80,106,121,130,177 patriotism: Bashkir 46-48; Islamic 171, 181-183; Kazakh 8,35,121-123,129, 169-170,174-178; local 171-174; Russian 167-169; Soviet 2-3,8, 62, 119,167,178-181; Tatar 46 People’s Commissariat for Defense. See nko Pernebayev, Shadi r 95 Petrograd 56 Petropavlovsk 34,46,56,77 Pir Beket. See Beket Ata Pïrnazarov, Mukhambetqali 99,138 poets, social stature of 39 Poland 36,54,57,77,85, 90,189,192,195 Poltava 128 Pomerantz, Grigorii 4 Port Arthur 52 row camps 123,136 Privratsky, Bruce 122 propaganda 62,93,122,128-130,149,155, 158,162,181,183,197,201 Qabanbay-bafir 28 Qabi Tínali 79,135,176,187,195,197 Qalatayev, Qazïnabek 79 Qalimaghanbet, Mäzhit 181 Qalïmbetov, Aymaghambet 104 Qalïmbetov, Qabïlan 185 Qalmaq Khanate 27 Qalmaqs 27-29,171. See also Kalmyks Qalniyazov, Ibaydulla 143 Qanaliyev, Äbdirazaq 125 Qanzhïghalï (lineage) 16-17,27-28,40,42 Qapal-batïr 27 Qapsanov, Älzhan 189 qara lineages 24,31 Qaraghandï 189 Qarakerey (lineage) 28 INDEX Qaraötkel (region) 34,57 Qaraqamïs 103 Qaratas (lineage) 151 Qaratau 172 Qarauil (lineage) 17,42,151 Qarmaqshï (region) 59,99,175 Qarzhaubayev, Qorghanbek 77, 80,84,93, 95-96,99,106,109-110,124,139,141, 177,180,185 Qasqïrbayev, Beysenbay. See Beysenbay Qasqïrbayülï Qazaľí (region) 59 Qazïghürt (region) 151 Qișșa-yl Șalșăl 30 Qïzïlorda (city) 75 Qïzïlorda oblasť 59,65,67,75,86,88, 92, 95, 99. 104-105.148, ΐ5θ, 170,17Յ. 175.
180,188,194 Qïzïlzhar. See Petropavlovsk Qoshïmanov, Omar 99,107,130 Qostanay (region) 21,76,182 qostasu 41-42,115-116 Qouteladze, Tăriei 4 qozha (lineage) 17-18,24,31,127,182 Qozhakhmetov, Asqar 59,63,66,68,75,83, 86-87,91.98,134,158-159.175 Qozhakhmetov, Müsabek 62 Qülshïghash (lineage) 124 qůmalaq 127 Qürama (lineage) 17 Qurban-ΆΙί Khalidi 32 Qürmanghazï Conservatory 66 Qütïshev, Imanbay 86,178 racism 3,121-122,129 Radiov, Wilhelm 44 Rasulev, Gabrakhman 181-182 Red Army: and Central Asians 2-4; and Kazakh military units 36,121-122, 126,177 Reese, Roger 4,170,177,179 religious policy, Soviet 8,64 Rhineland 3 Riadnin, Mikhail 20 Riga 46,77 Rispayev, Aytmaghanbet 103,126 Romania 85,91, 94,184 Romanov, Khamidolla 156
INDEX Rome 79,194 Russia 22,31-33,48,76-78,167-168,182, 200 Russian Orthodox Church 8 Russians 1-2,30,33-34,37,58,124,127-128, 141,152,166-167,169-170,176: and attitudes toward Kazakhs 3-4, 36; and military valor 3,127 Russo-Japanese War 32,46,49՜49՜53,55, 57, 77,142,170 Russo-Turkish War of 1877 47,49 Rzhev 78 Sad ibay-batì’r 28 Sadïkov, Gäpdeljämil 52-53 Sadvokasova, Mäken 163 saints, Islamic 17-18,62,122,131,137-140, 174,176,183 Sakharbayev, Alashbay 87-88, 93,126,190, 192 Samarqand 75,194 Sâmen-aqïn 59 San Arqa 175-176 Satan 133,182 Satïbaldiyev, Äptay 128 sedentarization 6,14,20,22-23 Semey 33,73,78 Semipalatinsk. See Semey Semirech’e. See Zhetisu Senegalese 3 Senior Zhiiz 28 Serghazïülï, Kelïmbet 65,130 Serikbayev, Älzhan 94 Serpukhov 78 Seydakhmetülï, Zhapar-maghzïm 182 Seytzhanov, Qayirľí 173 Shah-i Ahmad as-Sabawi 182 Shala-Qazaqs 17,32 Shamekenov, Därulsh 90-91,194 Shamenova, Nausharban 163 Shämshi (poet) 74,78,80,100,104-105,109, 113,140,172,174,185 Shamsutdinov, G. 182 Shaqshaqülï, Zhanïbek-batïr 28 Sharipov, Qasim 130 Shauïldïr (district) 157,178,187 Shayakhmetov, Mukhamet 5 Sholaqqorghan 106 215 Shömen (lineage) 141 Shoqay, Mustafa 189 shrines 31,78,122,138,140,174,182-183 Shübarköl 76,147 Siberia 22,45,50,182,194 sïnsu 41,43 Sïzdïqülï, ïkramkhan 143 slave labor 126,188,192,194-195 Slavgorod 106 Smolensk 57,83, 85,143,148 Smykalin, Aleksandr 64 Sokolovskii, V. 14,19 South Kazakhstan oblasť 59, 67,72,85,99, 106,140,148,157,172,178,182,185,187, 192 Soviet Islam 8,102,117-118,200-201 Soviet-Finnish War 85,192 Sozaq 22 Stalin, Joseph 129,172,172,179-181 Stalingrad
oblast 95 Stalingrad, Battle of 62,77,83, 85-86,89,91, 98-99,125,151,158,161,180 Stalinism 23,136,151,171,179,199,200 Stalino 90 Starata Russa 85,95,105,139 Sufism 18,25,103,114,131,137-140 Siileymenov, Seken 109 Sverdlovsk oblasť 63, 66,95 Syr Darya River 48,173,175,178 Syzran’ 46 Taghïberdï (lineage) 152 Tajiks 2 Tapalov, Biman 123 Tarikhat 28-29,92 Tasar, Eren 119,181 Tashkent 34,56,67,75,78,181 Tatar literature 45-46,53 Tatars 5,32-33,44-47,72,120,123. See also Crimean Tatars Taymanülï, Isatay 141,152,176,178 Täzhiyev, Tasbolat 59,72,96,130 Terengözek (district) 95 theology, Islamic 8,42,131,135,137,201 Timoshenko, Semen 179 Togzhanov, S. 19 Tölegenov, Qoni sbay 189 tölengïts 17
INDEX 216 Tölesh-aqïn 59 Tompïshev, Qappas 103 töre (lineage) 17,28 Torghay (region) 21,55, 64-65,76,95,114 Totsk 94 Trans-Siberian Railroad 77 Trieste 126 Turgai. See Torghay Turkestan Legion 189-190 Türkistan (city) 74, 77-78, 81,90,114,140, 172,174,186 Turkmenistan 22 Turkmens 2,20,31,43, 54 Turksib Railroad 78 Tiiyaqbayev, Âlîm 178,187 Warsaw 53-54,192 weapons 92-94 Wehrmacht 2-3,87,180,188,190 Whites 26,34 Winner, Thomas 41-42 Women: and the home front 72,146; and literature 40-42,58-60 World War i 3,5,13,31-32,44,49,53-54,58, 77,84,170 Ualikhanulï, Shoqan. See Valikhanov Uaq (lineage) 28 Ufa 21,181 Ukraine 59,76,78, 85, 90,107,128,150,155, Zamzam 92 Zaysan (region) 189 Zekenov, Seruar 94 Zhalaghash raion 188,192 Zhalbïrov, Shaykhïslam 100 Zhalïrov, Saduaqas 89 Zhambïl (city) 124 Zhambïl oblasť 64 Zhangaqorghan 187 Zhangatalap 59 Zhansïmaqov, Sharapat 123 Zharilqaghanov, Mïrzalï 88,139 Zhartanov, Qalikhan 187-198 Zhaydaq (lineage) 151 Zhayïnülï, Abzhal 137 Zhetïsu 28 Zhetpïsülï, Saghïnbay-aqïn 55 zhoqtau 42 zhübatu 42 Zhübatülï, Nürlsültan 65,97 Zhümaghülov, Ramazan 79 Zhürgenbayev, Qartangbay 189 Zhüsïpov, Qozhamzhar 92 Zhüz. See Junior Zhüz; Middle Zhüz; Senior Zhüz Zimanov, Salyk 19 Zu’l-Fiqar 92,143 195 Ukrainians 2,167 United States 1,118 Ural sk 34,57 Usabayev, Seyïtkamal 92 Üsenov, Nűrqozha 75 Üsenov, Ömïrzaq 80 Ust -Kamenogorsk. See Öskemen Uzbekistan 22,67,183 Uzbeks 2,5,35,43 Valikhanov, Chokan 15,26,43-44 Vistula River 54 Vitebsk 184 Vladimir oblasť 10g Vladivostok 189 Volga Germans 1,146 Volkhov Front 76,85,95 Vologda 56 Volokolamsk 106,130,177
Volokolamskoe shosse 177 Voroshilov, Klimentii 179 Voroshilovgrad 90,109,194 Vyazma 136,190 Yakuts 167 Yalu River 52 Yãpõn ŞöghîshÎ 49-52 Yasavi, Ahmad 140,174,182 Yugoslavia 94 ļ Bayerische į Staatsbibliothek ( München
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Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations x ix Introduction i Kazakh Society and Literature 5 PART 1 Kazakh Society and Literature before the Second World War 1 Kazakhs on the Eve of World War 11 : A Devastated Society 13 1 Kinship and Cultural Revolution: The Assault on the Family and Tradition 14 2 The Kazakh Auil Community 18 3 Collectivization, Sedentarization and Famine 20 4 Islam in Kazakh Society and the Anti-religious Campaigns 24 2 Collective Violence and Military Service in Kazakh Imagination and Experience Before World War и 26 1 Kazakhs and Conscription 31 3 The Sources: Kazakh Letter-Poems in Their Literary and Social Contexts 38 1 Verse Genres and Their Social Functions 39 2 The Evolution of the Letter-Poem as a Wartime Compositional Genre 43 3 Letter-Poems and Conscription 44 4 A Kazakh Letter-Poem Treatise from the Russo-Japanese War 49 5 Muslim Narrative Poems of the First World War 53 6 World War 11 Letter-Poems as Literary and Social Phenomena 58 6.1 The Authors ofLetter-Poems 58 6.2 Common Structural and Thematic Elements 59 6,3 Circulation, Censorship, and Preservation 62 6.4 The Study and Publication ofLetter-Poems 66
VI CONTENTS PART 2 The Kazakh War Experience through the Lens of the Letter-Poem 4 Stages and Events of the War Experience 71 1 Conscription and Leaving Home 71 2 Foreign Lands and Landscapes 77 3 At the Front 80 4 Battle 84 5 Advance and Retreat 87 6 Weapons 92 7 The Deaths of Comrades 95 8 Rations 97 5 Wounds and the Hospital 101 1 Being Wounded 103 2 Recovery in the Hospital 107 3 Coping with Permanent Injury 112 6 Kazakh and Muslim in the Red Army 117 1 Being Kazakh in the Red Army 121 2 Islamic Thought and Soviet Materialism 3 Sufism 137 4 Sources of Muslim Heroism 141 130 7 The Home Front: Separation, Kinship, and Unity 146 1 Lineage and Kinship in Letter-Poems 147 1.1 Lineages 150 2 The Bonds between the Front and Rear 155 3 Addressing Personal and Social Distress 162 8 Political Dimensions and Meaning 166 1 Kazakhs and Patriotism 166 1.1 Local Patriotism 171 1.2 Kazakh Patriotism 174 1.3 Soviet Patriotism 178 1.4 Islamic Patriotism 181 2 The Foe: Hitler and the Germans 183 3 Prisoner of War Camps and the Gulag 188 4 Political Evaluations 196
CONTENTS Conclusion 200 Glossary 203 Bibliography 204 Index 210 VII
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Index loist Special Rifle Brigade 107 1905 Revolution 43 1916 Revolt 13,33-34,54-55 ist Byelorussian Front 147 8th Guards Rifle Division. See Panfilov Division Äbdikeshov, Tïlegen 59,107,155 Äbdiräsflov, Äbflpäsim 76, 85 Abdulin, Mansur 5 Abdullina, Äsiya 64 Abïlay Khan 17, 27-29,42,92 Äbflov, Nürtay 114 Ablay Khan. See Abïlay Khan Abraham (prophet) 145,194 Abzalov, Akhmetzhan 83,143,148 Afghanistan 22,44 Akhetül'i, Ädis 135,147,173 Ákhmädijämaletdin 53 Akmolinsk (city) 27,64 Akmolinsk oblasť 18,34,57 Aktiubinsk. See Aqtöbe Alban (lineage) 171 Albi 195 Ali (Caliph) 30-31,51, 92,142-143,152 Äliasqarov, Alïmbay 171 Âlîm (lineage) 141 Äliyev, Momaqan 171 Almaty 66,77-78,140 Älqozhayev, Raqïsh 149,178-179 Altay 106 Amanbayev, Zhälel 65 Amanov, Imangeldï 176 Amanzholov, Âbïlqayïm 77,127 Amanzholov, Ämírzhan 134 Amirova, Kadesh 149 ancestor spirits. See iiruaqtar anti-religious policies 24,40,118,132,135, 181,199 aq süyek 17,24 aqïn 41,55 Aqïnülï, Nürtaza 81,181,185 Aqmïrzayev, Ïdïris 126 Aqseyïtov, Qaldïbek 189 Aqtas 19,73,170 Aqtöbe oblasť 81,151-152,181 Aral (district) 88 Aral Sea 59 Arghïn (lineage) 16,28 Arif Qurmânülï 32,49-53,55,57 Arïnov, Tïlebay 62,72,128 Aris 124 Aristan Khan 153 Aristanbap (shrine) 140 äruaqtar 17,24, 29, 94,137-138,142,153 Ashïmülï, Äbduäll 184 Astrakhan' oblasť 67 Äteyev, Shahzada 89 Äuezov, Mükhtar 55 aulì community 18-20 Aukhinov, Nürtaza. See Nürtaza Aqïnülï’ Austria 90, 94, из, 136,197 Aymanov, Äshirbek 75 ayiïs 40-41 Ayzhanov, Akhmetiya 126 Âzïrkhan Küzembayülï 64 Balaton, Lake 82 Baltic States 36 Baraba Steppe 46 Basharov, Qabiden 163 Bashkir
literature 45-47,54 Bashkiria 125 Bashkirs 17, 32-ЗЗ, 43, 45, 47, 72,125,127, 167-168,181 Bafirbayev, Rakhmet 68,79,126,194 Bayan-batïr 28 Baybaghïsülï, Türdïqül 73, 99,125 Baydïldin, Sh. 65 bäyet 45-46,53-54,77, 93101,167 Bäygiül'i, Abdrakhman 182 bays 21, 25,35,53-54,151,189 Baytana-baťír 28 Baytas (poet) 57 Bäytenova, Gülsün 58,60,64,66-67,150, 158,120,123 Bâytikülï, Toghanas 141 Bek, Aleksandr 177 Beket Ata 153 Bekshentayülï, Seyïtzhan-aqïn 55
211 INDEX Bekzhanov, Änuarbak 147,185 Belgorod 115 Berdenov, Bïrzhan 34,56-57,77 Berlin 85,180,197 Bessarabia 36,85, 94,192 Beysenbay Qasqïrbayülï 59,68,115-116,136, 141,199 Bimatülï, Qozhakhan 72,133,144,148,157 Bôgembay-batïr 27-28 Boksitogorsk 83 bolīs 15,34 Bolsheviks 34 Bonner, Yelena 4 Börïbasov, Sisen 189 Briansk 78,85,95 Budapest 82,85,87,91 Budënnyi, Semën 179 Biikey Horde. See Inner Horde Bukhara 28,85, 88,92,139,168 Bulgaria 197 Buryatia 79 Buryats 79 Bustanov, Alfrid 119 Byelorussia 184,192 Byelorussians 2,167 Caliphs 17,24,30-31,131,142-143 Cameron, Sarah 20 Carmack, Roberto 6,36,72,121-122,127, 169-170,177-178 Catherine the Great 46 Central Asia 2,13,24,26,31, 33,43,45,54, 117-120,132,137,140,182 Chala-Kazakhs. See Shala-Qazaqs Chechens 1 Cheliabinsk (city) 56,78,100 Cheliabinsk oblasť 76 Chełmno 192 China 22 Chingisíds. See töre Chokaev. See Mustafa Shoqay Christianization 33 Chuvash 167 Civil War, Russian 5,26,34 Cold War 2,102,117-118 collectivization 6,13-14,18,20-25,36 colonialism 153,201 colonization 13,21, 33,153 commoner lineages. See qara lineages Communist Party 76,201,121-122,124,129, 178-179 confiscation 21,25,36 conscription 21, 31-37,44-45,71-7Յ, 75,79, 123,170: of Tatars and Bashkirs 45-46,49 Cossacks 45,47-48 Crimean Tatars 1,146 Cultural Revolution 20 Czechoslovakia 94,197 Dajjal 185,197 Dar al-Harb 33 Dar al-Islam 33 Dauïtbayev, Esentür 79 Dnieper River 95 Don River 91 Donbass 91,151,190 Dulat (lineage) 27 Dvina River 56-57 East Kazakhstan oblasť 189 East Prussia 90 Eden, Jeff 119,200 Edgar, Adrienne 20 Egïzbayev, Abzell 107 Ekaterinburg 56
Emba River 153-154 epic poetry 26-30,38,41-42,44,92,130-131, 142,152,176-178 Erishov, Äbdirey 59,76 Esbayev, Täzhibek 189 Esenäliyev, Äbiltay 76,180 Esenbay (lineage) 164 Esïrkepov, Zhayïq 107 Esqayïr (poet) 34,57 esttrtu 42 ethics, Islamic 8,14,25,102,117,120,137 etiquette, Islamic 123,131 famine 5-6,13-14,20,22-23,25,36,97,146, 152,170-171,179,191,193 February Revolution 57 Finland 36,184 France 1,48,189,195,201 Genatullin, Anatolii 4 genealogies 16,38,182
212 Germans շ, 4,8ı, 85, 88,94,128,166,178, 183-189,191-192,196-197· See also Volga Germans Germany 1, 85,129,181-184,186-188, 195-197 Ghabdullina, Naghima 64 Ghilmani, Saquaqas 16-17,22-23,27,33, 40,42,169 Goloshchekin, Filipp 23, 25 Gor'kii oblasť 46 Great Britain 1,201 Grodekov, N.I. 15,17 Gulag 60,68,79,135,146,152,166,188 195-196 Hamburg 79,126,194 Hasan ibn Ali 30 Hastings, Max 1 heroism, Kazakh 26,28-31,35,116,120,131, 141-142 Hitler, Adolf 129,155,166,181-185,197 Hungary 81, 94,181,197 Husayn ibn Ali 30 Ïbïrayïmov, Zhahansha 59,130 Ïlgekbayülï, Qasayïn-molda 189 Ïliyasülï, Qamar 151 Inner Horde 16-17,141 Iran 80,137 Irkutsk 79,176,189,195 ishans 18,25-26,182 Islam: and education 23,41; and kinship 24-25. See also Soviet Islam; patriotism; saints; theology; etiquette; ethics Isqaq-bab 31 Italy 79,194 Ivanovo 110-111 Jacob (prophet) 144 jadlds 28,43 Jângirülï, Shädl-töre 28-29,42 Janid Dynasty 28 Jews 4-5 Job (prophet) 144,194 Joseph (prophet) 144,149 Junior Zhiiz 17,141,151 INDEX Kalinin no Kalinin Front 79,83,99,104,107,110 Kalmyks 1,146 Kaluga 78 Kamchatka 61 Karaganda. See Qaraghandï Karakalpakstan 59 Käribayev, Bertay 105,139-140 Karimülï, Diiysenbay 133 Karlag 189 Kashlubayev, Ákhmät 54 Katanov, Nikolai 45 Kazakh customs 20-21,126,128 Kazakh language 39, 66, 93,121,123,166 Kazakh literature 5-7, ЗО, 44-45,171, 181: and genres 38-41,60; and religion 42; and verse 38; and warfare 26-27,49,53-57,133,141,183; and women 60,158 Kazakh social structure 7,14-15,17-21: and economic life 18-19,21,182; and solidarity 7,19-20,23-25,83,117,122, 131-132,147,149,150 Kazan
(city) 4,53,78 Kazan Province 52-53 Kazan Tatars. See Tatars Kenzheghülülï, Nürtughan 59 Kerey (lineage) 34,57 Keykï-batïr. See Nürmaghambet Kökembayülï Kharkov Encirclement 85, 88,126,128-129, 190-196 Khiva 28,48,168 Khizr (prophet) 142 khoja. See qozha kinship and lineage 7,14-16,22-23: and class 20,23; and literature 40, 147-154; and religion 24; and warfare 26 Kireeva, Darikha 103 Kokand 28,176,183 Kökbűlaq 73,99 Kokchetav. See Kokshetau Kökembayülï, Nürmaghambet 55 Kökpekti 32,49-50 Kokshetau (city) 73,75,135 Kokshetau (region) 17,59,64, 66-67, 89, 103,105,128,130,132,148-149,163, 171-173,175-178,184,190
INDEX Koľchugino 109-m Kolyma 171 köngïl aytu 42 Kuban 189 Kudriashev, Petr 47 kulaks 21 Kurgan 56 Kursk 95 Küshpanov, Mïrzat 109,187 Kustanai. See Qostanay Kyrgyz 2,15-16,28,33,43, 92,106-107, 123 legal debates 33,168 Lend-Lease 97 Leningrad (city) 59,73,79, 85,97,182-183 Leningrad Front 123,130,161 Leningrad oblasť 83,103 letter-poems 6-7,43,46,59-60: censorship and monitoring of 62-64; and conscription 44-45; and education 59; structure of 60-61; study of 58, 60 lineage. See kinship and lineage Liaoyang, Battle of 50 Lopez, Jean 4 Lyko, B.A. 15-16 Makhambetov, Äbdilda 59 Makhanov, Zhau'inbay 76,171 Makhimov, Zhümaghazï 151-153,171 Manchuria 32,49-52,77,107 Mangghistau 21 Mangyshlak. See Mangghistau Maqanova, Maghripa 148 Maqsudova, Zaynap 119 Mäshhür-Zhüsip Köpeyülï 43 Mäzhikeyev, Zhümakhmet 72 Medetova, Raisa 158 Merridale, Catherine 4,76,179 Middle Zhüz 16 Minsk 34,57,190 Mirzakeldïülï, Shaghïray 141 Mogilev 88,139 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact 36 Momïshülï, Bauïrzhan 177 Mongolia 79 Moscow 53,78 Moyïnqüm raion 124 213 Multiate 21,182 Muhammad (prophet) 17,24,30-31,38,53, 137,142-143-152,167 Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiya 30 Muhammad-Khațîb b. Abd al-Lațîf al-Qurmāshī 53 Mukden, Battle of 50 Mükhamedzhanov, Mükhametzhan 78,105 munajat 53,72,157 Müsayev, Päzilbek 90, из, 136 Napoleonic War 47-48,167 nationalism 28,121,167,174 nationality policy, Soviet 2-3,6,29,121 Nayman (lineage) 189 Nazar (lineage) 151 Nazarbayev, Nursultan 180 NazarbekovAytbay 124 Nazi ideology 2 Nicholas n 13,33, 54 Nikulin, Nikolai 73,101 Nizhnii-Novgorod 53 nko 36,122 NKVD 63,97,147,152,179,188 Noah
(prophet) 144 noble lineages. See aq süyek Noghays (Kazakh lineage) 17 nomadism 13-14,20 North Kazakhstan oblasť 20,73,134,151, 170,181 Novocherkassk 91 Novosibirsk (city) 78 Novosibirsk oblasť 46 Niirkenov, Iliyas 77,198 Nürmükhamedülï, Zhanqozha 141,176 October Revolution 54 Odessa 47, 85,192 Oka River 78 օևոց 43-44,55 Ömïrbekülï, Äbdibek 128,138 Omsk (city) 50,78 Omsk oblasť 22 oral literature, Kazakh 4,6,38,40,44,158 Oral. See Ural'sk Orel 95 Orenburg (city) 53,78 Orenburg (region) 54, 67,94
214 Orinbayev, Omar 85,97,128,134,140,142, 144,150,190,192,194 Ornashbash 52 Orsha 57 Öskemen 55 otan 166-167,171,183 Ötemïsülï, Makhanbet 141,152,176,178 Otkhmezuri, Lasha 4,179 Otrar 140 Panfilov Division 80,106,121,130,177 patriotism: Bashkir 46-48; Islamic 171, 181-183; Kazakh 8,35,121-123,129, 169-170,174-178; local 171-174; Russian 167-169; Soviet 2-3,8, 62, 119,167,178-181; Tatar 46 People’s Commissariat for Defense. See nko Pernebayev, Shadi'r 95 Petrograd 56 Petropavlovsk 34,46,56,77 Pir Beket. See Beket Ata Pïrnazarov, Mukhambetqali 99,138 poets, social stature of 39 Poland 36,54,57,77,85, 90,189,192,195 Poltava 128 Pomerantz, Grigorii 4 Port Arthur 52 row camps 123,136 Privratsky, Bruce 122 propaganda 62,93,122,128-130,149,155, 158,162,181,183,197,201 Qabanbay-bafir 28 Qabi Tínali 79,135,176,187,195,197 Qalatayev, Qazïnabek 79 Qalimaghanbet, Mäzhit 181 Qalïmbetov, Aymaghambet 104 Qalïmbetov, Qabïlan 185 Qalmaq Khanate 27 Qalmaqs 27-29,171. See also Kalmyks Qalniyazov, Ibaydulla 143 Qanaliyev, Äbdirazaq 125 Qanzhïghalï (lineage) 16-17,27-28,40,42 Qapal-batïr 27 Qapsanov, Älzhan 189 qara lineages 24,31 Qaraghandï 189 Qarakerey (lineage) 28 INDEX Qaraötkel (region) 34,57 Qaraqamïs 103 Qaratas (lineage) 151 Qaratau 172 Qarauil (lineage) 17,42,151 Qarmaqshï (region) 59,99,175 Qarzhaubayev, Qorghanbek 77, 80,84,93, 95-96,99,106,109-110,124,139,141, 177,180,185 Qasqïrbayev, Beysenbay. See Beysenbay Qasqïrbayülï Qazaľí (region) 59 Qazïghürt (region) 151 Qișșa-yl Șalșăl 30 Qïzïlorda (city) 75 Qïzïlorda oblasť 59,65,67,75,86,88, 92, 95, 99. 104-105.148, ΐ5θ, 170,17Յ. 175.
180,188,194 Qïzïlzhar. See Petropavlovsk Qoshïmanov, Omar 99,107,130 Qostanay (region) 21,76,182 qostasu 41-42,115-116 Qouteladze, Tăriei 4 qozha (lineage) 17-18,24,31,127,182 Qozhakhmetov, Asqar 59,63,66,68,75,83, 86-87,91.98,134,158-159.175 Qozhakhmetov, Müsabek 62 Qülshïghash (lineage) 124 qůmalaq 127 Qürama (lineage) 17 Qurban-ΆΙί Khalidi 32 Qürmanghazï Conservatory 66 Qütïshev, Imanbay 86,178 racism 3,121-122,129 Radiov, Wilhelm 44 Rasulev, Gabrakhman 181-182 Red Army: and Central Asians 2-4; and Kazakh military units 36,121-122, 126,177 Reese, Roger 4,170,177,179 religious policy, Soviet 8,64 Rhineland 3 Riadnin, Mikhail 20 Riga 46,77 Rispayev, Aytmaghanbet 103,126 Romania 85,91, 94,184 Romanov, Khamidolla 156
INDEX Rome 79,194 Russia 22,31-33,48,76-78,167-168,182, 200 Russian Orthodox Church 8 Russians 1-2,30,33-34,37,58,124,127-128, 141,152,166-167,169-170,176: and attitudes toward Kazakhs 3-4, 36; and military valor 3,127 Russo-Japanese War 32,46,49՜49՜53,55, 57, 77,142,170 Russo-Turkish War of 1877 47,49 Rzhev 78 Sad'ibay-batì’r 28 Sadïkov, Gäpdeljämil 52-53 Sadvokasova, Mäken 163 saints, Islamic 17-18,62,122,131,137-140, 174,176,183 Sakharbayev, Alashbay 87-88, 93,126,190, 192 Samarqand 75,194 Sâmen-aqïn 59 San Arqa 175-176 Satan 133,182 Satïbaldiyev, Äptay 128 sedentarization 6,14,20,22-23 Semey 33,73,78 Semipalatinsk. See Semey Semirech’e. See Zhetisu Senegalese 3 Senior Zhiiz 28 Serghazïülï, Kelïmbet 65,130 Serikbayev, Älzhan 94 Serpukhov 78 Seydakhmetülï, Zhapar-maghzïm 182 Seytzhanov, Qayirľí 173 Shah-i Ahmad as-Sabawi 182 Shala-Qazaqs 17,32 Shamekenov, Därulsh 90-91,194 Shamenova, Nausharban 163 Shämshi (poet) 74,78,80,100,104-105,109, 113,140,172,174,185 Shamsutdinov, G. 182 Shaqshaqülï, Zhanïbek-batïr 28 Sharipov, Qasim 130 Shauïldïr (district) 157,178,187 Shayakhmetov, Mukhamet 5 Sholaqqorghan 106 215 Shömen (lineage) 141 Shoqay, Mustafa 189 shrines 31,78,122,138,140,174,182-183 Shübarköl 76,147 Siberia 22,45,50,182,194 sïnsu 41,43 Sïzdïqülï, ïkramkhan 143 slave labor 126,188,192,194-195 Slavgorod 106 Smolensk 57,83, 85,143,148 Smykalin, Aleksandr 64 Sokolovskii, V. 14,19 South Kazakhstan oblasť 59, 67,72,85,99, 106,140,148,157,172,178,182,185,187, 192 Soviet Islam 8,102,117-118,200-201 Soviet-Finnish War 85,192 Sozaq 22 Stalin, Joseph 129,172,172,179-181 Stalingrad
oblast' 95 Stalingrad, Battle of 62,77,83, 85-86,89,91, 98-99,125,151,158,161,180 Stalinism 23,136,151,171,179,199,200 Stalino 90 Starata Russa 85,95,105,139 Sufism 18,25,103,114,131,137-140 Siileymenov, Seken 109 Sverdlovsk oblasť 63, 66,95 Syr Darya River 48,173,175,178 Syzran’ 46 Taghïberdï (lineage) 152 Tajiks 2 Tapalov, Biman 123 Tarikhat 28-29,92 Tasar, Eren 119,181 Tashkent 34,56,67,75,78,181 Tatar literature 45-46,53 Tatars 5,32-33,44-47,72,120,123. See also Crimean Tatars Taymanülï, Isatay 141,152,176,178 Täzhiyev, Tasbolat 59,72,96,130 Terengözek (district) 95 theology, Islamic 8,42,131,135,137,201 Timoshenko, Semen 179 Togzhanov, S. 19 Tölegenov, Qoni'sbay 189 tölengïts 17
INDEX 216 Tölesh-aqïn 59 Tompïshev, Qappas 103 töre (lineage) 17,28 Torghay (region) 21,55, 64-65,76,95,114 Totsk 94 Trans-Siberian Railroad 77 Trieste 126 Turgai. See Torghay Turkestan Legion 189-190 Türkistan (city) 74, 77-78, 81,90,114,140, 172,174,186 Turkmenistan 22 Turkmens 2,20,31,43, 54 Turksib Railroad 78 Tiiyaqbayev, Âlîm 178,187 Warsaw 53-54,192 weapons 92-94 Wehrmacht 2-3,87,180,188,190 Whites 26,34 Winner, Thomas 41-42 Women: and the home front 72,146; and literature 40-42,58-60 World War i 3,5,13,31-32,44,49,53-54,58, 77,84,170 Ualikhanulï, Shoqan. See Valikhanov Uaq (lineage) 28 Ufa 21,181 Ukraine 59,76,78, 85, 90,107,128,150,155, Zamzam 92 Zaysan (region) 189 Zekenov, Seruar 94 Zhalaghash raion 188,192 Zhalbïrov, Shaykhïslam 100 Zhalïrov, Saduaqas 89 Zhambïl (city) 124 Zhambïl oblasť 64 Zhangaqorghan 187 Zhangatalap 59 Zhansïmaqov, Sharapat 123 Zharilqaghanov, Mïrzalï 88,139 Zhartanov, Qalikhan 187-198 Zhaydaq (lineage) 151 Zhayïnülï, Abzhal 137 Zhetïsu 28 Zhetpïsülï, Saghïnbay-aqïn 55 zhoqtau 42 zhübatu 42 Zhübatülï, Nürlsültan 65,97 Zhümaghülov, Ramazan 79 Zhürgenbayev, Qartangbay 189 Zhüsïpov, Qozhamzhar 92 Zhüz. See Junior Zhüz; Middle Zhüz; Senior Zhüz Zimanov, Salyk 19 Zu’l-Fiqar 92,143 195 Ukrainians 2,167 United States 1,118 Ural'sk 34,57 Usabayev, Seyïtkamal 92 Üsenov, Nűrqozha 75 Üsenov, Ömïrzaq 80 Ust'-Kamenogorsk. See Öskemen Uzbekistan 22,67,183 Uzbeks 2,5,35,43 Valikhanov, Chokan 15,26,43-44 Vistula River 54 Vitebsk 184 Vladimir oblasť 10g Vladivostok 189 Volga Germans 1,146 Volkhov Front 76,85,95 Vologda 56 Volokolamsk 106,130,177
Volokolamskoe shosse 177 Voroshilov, Klimentii 179 Voroshilovgrad 90,109,194 Vyazma 136,190 Yakuts 167 Yalu River 52 Yãpõn ŞöghîshÎ 49-52 Yasavi, Ahmad 140,174,182 Yugoslavia 94 ļ Bayerische į Staatsbibliothek ( München |
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| author | Frank, Allen J. 1964- |
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| author_facet | Frank, Allen J. 1964- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047941548 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1319011340 (DE-599)BVBBV047941548 |
| era | Geschichte 1939-1945 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1939-1945 |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T19:35:26Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:25:49Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789004514942 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033323020 |
| oclc_num | 1319011340 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-29 |
| owner_facet | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-29 |
| physical | VII, 216 Seiten 24 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220718 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Brill |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Brill's Inner Asian library |
| series2 | Brill's Inner Asian library |
| spelling | Frank, Allen J. 1964- Verfasser (DE-588)137027141 aut Kazakh Muslims in the Red Army, 1939-1945 by Allen J. Frank Leiden ; Boston Brill [2022] © 2022 VII, 216 Seiten 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Brill's Inner Asian library volume 42 Sowjetunion Raboče-Krestʹjanskaja Krasnaja Armija (DE-588)130443-4 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1939-1945 gnd rswk-swf Muslim (DE-588)4040921-1 gnd rswk-swf Kasachen (DE-588)4218445-9 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion Raboče-Krestʹjanskaja Krasnaja Armija (DE-588)130443-4 b Kasachen (DE-588)4218445-9 s Muslim (DE-588)4040921-1 s Geschichte 1939-1945 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-90-04-51538-3 Brill's Inner Asian library volume 42 (DE-604)BV013888689 42 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033323020&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033323020&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033323020&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Frank, Allen J. 1964- Kazakh Muslims in the Red Army, 1939-1945 Brill's Inner Asian library Sowjetunion Raboče-Krestʹjanskaja Krasnaja Armija (DE-588)130443-4 gnd Muslim (DE-588)4040921-1 gnd Kasachen (DE-588)4218445-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)130443-4 (DE-588)4040921-1 (DE-588)4218445-9 |
| title | Kazakh Muslims in the Red Army, 1939-1945 |
| title_auth | Kazakh Muslims in the Red Army, 1939-1945 |
| title_exact_search | Kazakh Muslims in the Red Army, 1939-1945 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Kazakh Muslims in the Red Army, 1939-1945 |
| title_full | Kazakh Muslims in the Red Army, 1939-1945 by Allen J. Frank |
| title_fullStr | Kazakh Muslims in the Red Army, 1939-1945 by Allen J. Frank |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kazakh Muslims in the Red Army, 1939-1945 by Allen J. Frank |
| title_short | Kazakh Muslims in the Red Army, 1939-1945 |
| title_sort | kazakh muslims in the red army 1939 1945 |
| topic | Sowjetunion Raboče-Krestʹjanskaja Krasnaja Armija (DE-588)130443-4 gnd Muslim (DE-588)4040921-1 gnd Kasachen (DE-588)4218445-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sowjetunion Raboče-Krestʹjanskaja Krasnaja Armija Muslim Kasachen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033323020&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033323020&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033323020&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV013888689 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT frankallenj kazakhmuslimsintheredarmy19391945 |